title: Role of bone morphogenetic proteins in form-deprivation myopia sclera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2,-4,-5) in sclera remodeling during myopia induction and their effect on sclera fibroblasts in cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as well as immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of the BMPs in human and guinea pig posterior sclera. In guinea pig form-deprivation myopia (FDM) model, RT-PCR and western blotting were used to investigate changes of BMP expression in the posterior sclera. Human sclera fibroblast (HSF) was primarlly cultured and treated with various doses of BMP-2. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the MTT assay. RT-PCR and western-blot were used to determine the changes of collagen I, aggrecan, and possible activated signal pathway. Cell phenotype and activated signal pathway, especially for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and phospho-smad1/5/8 were then further investigated by cytoimmunofluorescence staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both human and guinea pig sclera express BMP-2, -4, and -5. In FDM eyes, BMP-2 and BMP-5 expression were reduced in the posterior sclera. Cell proliferation increased significantly (p<0.05) and more cells differentiated into myofibroblast when incubated with 100 ng/ml BMP-2 . The expressions of collangen I, aggrecan, and phospho-smad1/5/8 significantly increased (p<0.05 respectively) as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various BMPs were expressed in human and guinea pig sclera. In the posterior sclera, the expressions of BMP-2 and BMP-5 decreased in FDM eyes. BMP-2 might be able to promote HSF proliferation and differentiation, as well as to help extracellular matrix synthesis potentially through classical Smad pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guiqiu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shichao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012590:Sclera / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors