title: In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity studies on three Agaricus species with fatty acid compositions and iron contents: a comparative study on the three most edible mushrooms.
abstract: The fatty acids of Agaricus essettei, Agaricus bitorquis and Agaricus bisporus were investigated by using GC and GC-MS. The dominant fatty acids were found to be linoleic (61.82-67.29%) and palmitic (12.67-14.71%) acids among the 13 fatty acids detected in the oils. Total unsaturation for the oils was calculated as 77.50%, 77.44%, and 79.72%, respectively. In vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were also studied. The ethyl acetate extract of Agaricus bitorquis showed the highest activity in β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH(·) and ABTS(·)(+) assays, while the hexane extract of Agaricus bisporus exhibited the best metal chelating activity. The ethyl acetate and hexane extract of Agaricus bitorquis and the hexane extract of Agaricus essettei showed meaningful butyrylcholinesterase activity being close to that of galantamine. The extracts were found to be effective on Gram (+) bacteria, especially against Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. In conclusion, Agaricus bitorquis and Agaricus essettei demonstrated higher iron content, and better antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities than those of Agaricus bisporus commonly consumed mushroom. Hence, Agaricus species, particularly Agaricus bitorquis might be useful as antioxidant agents and moderate anticholinesterase agents, and their extracts will probably be used for development of dietary foods, food products and additives.
authors.affiliation: Muğla University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 48121 Muğla, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Duru
authors.forename: Seyda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kivrak
authors.forename: Nazime
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mercan-Doğan
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Türkoglu
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Özler
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D058085:Iron Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D019207:beta Carotene; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl