title: Educational intervention on water intake improves hydration status and enhances exercise performance in athletic youth.
abstract: We aimed to evaluate whether an intervention program emphasizing in increased fluid intake can improve exercise performance in children exercising in the heat. Ninety-two young athletes participated in the study (age: 13.8 ± 0.4 years, weight: 54.9 ± 1.5 kg). Thirty-one (boys: 13, girls: 18) children served as the control group (CON) and 61 (boys: 30, girls: 31) as the intervention (INT). Volunteers had free access to fluids. Hydration was assessed on the basis of first morning urine. A series of field tests were used to evaluate exercise performance. All tests occurred outdoors in the morning (mean ambient temperature=28°C). After baseline testing, INT attended a lecture on hydration, and urine color charts were mounted in all bathrooms. Additionally, water accessibility was facilitated in training, dining and resting areas. Hydration status was improved significantly in the INT [USG: pre=1.031 ± 0.09, post=1.023 ± 0.012, P<0.05; urine osmolality (mOsm/kg water): pre=941 ± 30, post=782 ± 34, P<0.05], while no statistically significant changes were found in the CON [USG: pre=1.033 ± 0.011, post=1.032 ± 0.013, P>0.05; urine osmolality (mOsm/kg water) 970 ± 38 vs 961 ± 38, P>0.05]. Performance in an endurance run was improved significantly only in INT (time for 600 m: pre=189 ± 5 s, post=167 ± 4 s, P<0.05). Improving hydration status by ad libitum consumption of water can enhance performance in young children exercising in the heat.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. skav@hua.gr
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kavouras
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arnaoutis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makrillos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garagouni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chira
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellinikaki
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sidossis
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013046:Specific Gravity; D013178:Sports Medicine; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*