title: Anodic TiO₂ nanotube layers electrochemically filled with MoO₃ and their antimicrobial properties.
abstract: In the present work, the authors produce a Ti surface with a TiO₂ nanotube coating and investigate the electrochemical filling of these layers with MoO₃. The authors demonstrate that using a potential cycling technique, a homogenous MoO₃ coating can be generated. Controllable and variable coating thicknesses are achieved by a variation of the number of cycles. Thicknesses from a few nanometers to complete filling of the nanotube layers can be obtained. A thermal treatment is used to convert the as-deposited amorphous MoO(x) phases into MoO₃. These MoO₃ loaded nanotube layers were then investigated regarding their antimicrobial properties using strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The authors found that the combination of crystalline MoO₃ on TiO₂ nanotubes shows excellent antimicrobial properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gutbrod
authors.forename: Josef Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guggenbichler
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmuki
authors.forename: Cordt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zollfrank
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010087:Oxides; C009495:titanium dioxide; C082290:molybdenum trioxide; D008982:Molybdenum; D014025:Titanium