title: [Pain in Parkinson's disease: prevalence, characteristics, associated factors, and relation with other non motor symptoms, quality of life, autonomy, and caregiver burden].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is one of the most common non motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is underrecognized. We examine the prevalence of pain, characteristics, associated factors, and relation with quality of life and autonomy in a consecutive series of PD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain was identified according to International Association for the Study of Pain. Brief Pain Inventory and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 159 patients (72.31 ± 8.83 years; 51.3% female), 115 (72.3%) presented pain. Of these, 51.3% reported pain onset before PD-diagnosis, 27.8% two or more pain types, and 53% PD-related pain. Musculoskeletal (74.8%) and radicular-neuropathic (24.3%) were the types of pain most frequent. The 37.4% of the patients with pain did not received analgesic treatment. Depression was an independent predictor of pain (OR = 7.82; 95% CI = 1.151-53.183; p = 0.035). Pain was an independent predictor of worst quality of life (PDQ-39; regression coefficient: 25.53; standard error: 11.852; 95% CI = 1.48-49.57; p = 0.03) and lower autonomy (Schwab and England; regression coefficient: -13.85; standard error: 6.327; 95% CI = -26.58 to -1.2; p = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain is very frequent in PD patients. It is associated with depression, and predicts a worst quality of life and lower autonomy for the patient.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, A Coruña, España. diegosangar@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santos-García
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abella-Corral
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Aneiros-Díaz
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santos-Canelles
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Llaneza-González
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macías-Arribi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires