title: Selective cerebellar and basal ganglia injury in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High core body temperatures have been shown to selectively damage the cerebellum and basal ganglia in malignant hyperthermia, but involvement of both areas in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has not been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we report a case of acute cerebellar and basal ganglia injury by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the setting of NMS. We discuss the pathophysiology, both of NMS and hyperthermic brain injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI showed new restricted diffusion in cerebellar hemispheres bilaterally and right basal ganglia when compared with brain MRI obtained 1 month prior. T2 FLAIR hyperintensities corresponding to diffusion restriction were also seen in the cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the basal ganglia and cerebellum can be injured selectively in NMS.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jlyons5@partners.org
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents