title: Distribution of chronotypes in a large sample of young adult Saudis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are no published data on the chronotypes of young Saudi adults. This study assessed the distribution of chronotypes in college-aged Saudis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validated abridged version of the original Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQr) was used to assess the chronotype of 759 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 540 (71.1%) males and 219 (28.9%) females participated in this study ( age range, 18-32 years), 138 (18.2%) were "morning-types," 417 (54.9%) were "neither-types" and 204 (26.9%) were "evening-types." There was no significant gender difference in MEQr typology. In Saudis, particularly males, the frequency of morning typology was somewhat higher than that reported for individuals in similar age groups in some Western countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most Saudi college students had no preference for morningness or eveningness and were classified as "intermediate-types." Morningness appears to be slightly more common in Saudis, especially males, than in individuals of some Western societies.
authors.affiliation: University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ashammam2@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: BaHammam
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Almistehi
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Almestehi
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albatli
authors.forename: Shaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: AlShaya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult