title: A reproducible in-vivo model of lymphatic malformation in rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible rat model of lymphatic malformation. Different types of adjuvant, with and without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, was injected into the neck and floor of the mouth of rats. The rats were killed 2 months after the injection. Injected rats developed cystic lesions in the neck and floor of the mouth. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the cysts were lined by endothelium, which expressed the lymphatic endothelial markers LYVE-1 and VEGF receptor-3. Raman spectra of the liquid contents of the cysts were similar in all injected rats. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the endothelial cells had no basement membrane or surrounding pericytes. The cystic lesions were consistent with human lymphatic malformation. This animal model could be used to investigate pathogenesis of lymphatic malformation and its responses to candidate therapies.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity; D007267:Injections; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities; D008210:Lymphocele / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009055:Mouth; D009333:Neck; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000633:toxicity; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013185:Squalene / Q000633:toxicity; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000633:toxicity; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C533408:Lyve1 protein, rat; C089950:MF59 oil emulsion; D011136:Polysorbates; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D013185:Squalene; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3