title: The effects of Mg-ion implantation and sandblasting on Porphyromonas gingivalis attachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium surface treatment on Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial attachment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium disks of 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness (n=40) were subjected to mechanical grinding, or sandblasting. Magnesium (Mg) ions were implanted onto the titanium surface using a plasma source ion implantation method. The structure, chemistry, and surface morphologies of the titanium surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Surface roughness was measured using a laser profilometer. Half of the titanium disks in each group were dipped in saliva for 24 h. All of the titanium specimens were rinsed with distilled water. A P. gingivalis strain was cultured in anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 72 h, and all titanium specimens were dipped in the bacterial suspension at 37°C for 24 h. Specimens were examined at × 3000 magnification using a SEM. The number of bacteria in each of 10 separate fields was determined by directly counting the number of bacterial colonies that adhered to each specimen. The mean values were calculated afterward. The resulting data were analyzed to assess the significance of observed differences based on the method of the surface treatment, ion implantation, and saliva dipping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of P. gingivalis attached to the sandblasted specimens was greater than that on the ground specimens (P<0.001). Moreover, surfaces with Mg-ion implantation had more attachments than nonimplanted surfaces (P<0.001). Saliva dipping acted synergistically with surface roughness and chemical composition of the specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemically modified surface increase the attachment of a major periodontopathic bacterium, P. gingivalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaMaterials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Lee
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaMaterials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaMaterials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaMaterials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: EungSun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Byon
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaMaterials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: YongSoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, South KoreaMaterials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, South KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea.
authors.forename: Lee-Ra
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000254:growth & development*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium; D008274:Magnesium