title: Congenital anomalies and rhabdoid tumor associated with 22q11 germline deletion and somatic inactivation of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor.
abstract: The most common microdeletion in humans involves the 22q11 region. Congenital anomalies associated with 22q11 loss include cardiac and facial defects. Less frequent is the co-presentation of malignant rhabdoid tumors that are highly aggressive childhood malignancies typically found in renal or extra-renal soft tissues and central nervous system. A newborn patient presented with multiple congenital anomalies consistent with 22q11 deletion syndrome including cleft lip and palate, ear tags and ventricular septal defects co-presenting with an axillary rhabdoid tumor. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed a 2.8 Mb germline deletion in the 22q11.2 region containing genes required for normal fetal development and the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor gene. Analysis of tumor DNA revealed a somatic deletion of exon 7 in the second allele of SMARCB1. Expression of SMARCB1 was absent, while tumor markers including MYC, GFAP, and CLAUDIN-6 were upregulated. The presence of tandem oriented BCRL modules located within interspersed low copy repeat elements throughout the 22q11 distal region may predispose this area for microdeletions through nonalleleic homologous recombination.
authors.affiliation: Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Claudia B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zraly
authors.forename: Tricia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lapetino
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muraskas
authors.forename: Jiwang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dingwall
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; C513266:SMARCB1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors