title: Effect of surgical flap on IL-1β and TGF-β concentrations in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth factors play a major part in wound healing in many tissues including the periodontium. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is one of these factors present in the gingival crevicular fluid. In addition, it is considered as one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine that presents itself in gingival inflammation and the GCF. Such factors might be of value as prognostic markers of wound healing activity and the therapeutic progress following flap surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical flap on the concentration of IL-1β and TGF-β in the GCF of patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The GCF samples were collected, using the Perio-Paper strip at phase 1 (pre-surgery), phase 2 (4th week post surgery) and phase 3 (12th week post surgery) from 20 sites of 10 patients undergoing flap surgery. After the elution, IL-1β and TGF-β concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean TGF-β and IL-1β concentration decreased from phase 1 to phase 3 (p<0.05). There were no significant statistical correlations between IL-1β and TGF-β1 concentrations in the 3 assessment phases. There was a significant statistical correlation between TGF-β1 concentrations and the Plaque Index (PI) in phase 2 (p<0.05). There was a significant statistical correlation (p<0.05) between IL-1β and TGF-β1 concentration and the probing pocket depth (PPD).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flap surgery has a significant effect on decreasing IL-1β concentration. In the case of TGF-β1, probably the decrease in the concentration after treatment might be due to the removal of the inflammatory stimulants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. mandana.sattari@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mandana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sattari
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fathiyeh
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darbandi Tamijani
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghatreh Samani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta