title: Functional anatomy of the nose.
abstract: The human nose is a very complex entity with a great amount of variation among and within different human populations. Even though the morphology of the nasal pyramid and its soft tissue coverage is principally known, a standardized nomenclature does not yet exist. The past two decades have witnessed a considerable increase of new studies on the functional morphology of the external nasal anatomy. Detailed anatomic and clinical knowledge about the external nose is a prerequisite for successful rhinosurgery, thus this report deals with the basic structures necessary for functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. thokoppe@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koppe
authors.forename: Evangelos I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Giotakis
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heppt
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001504:Beauty; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D012015:Reference Standards; D012119:Respiration; D025363:Rhinomanometry / Q000592:standards; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods