title: Hair drug testing of children suspected of exposure to the manufacture of methamphetamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compares hair color and age in children tested for methamphetamine by hair analysis due to suspicion of exposure to the manufacture of methamphetamine by their caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis evaluated differences in hair drug testing results of 107 children less than 12 years of age tested due to clinical suspicion of having been exposed to the manufacture of methamphetamine. Results (confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) were compared for differences in likelihood of testing positive in relation to the subject's age and having light or dark colored hair and reported with crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 107 children, 103 had a sufficient hair specimen for analysis. A third (36%) of the study population was less than 3 years of age. Almost half (45%) of the children tested positive for methamphetamine. 15% of the total study population tested positive for methamphetamine in combination with amphetamine indicating some degree of systemic exposure. No children were positive for amphetamine without also being positive for methamphetamine. Children less than 3 years of age were more likely to test positive. Positive hair drug tests for the combination of methamphetamine and amphetamine occurred in children with both light and dark colored hair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children living in homes where methamphetamine is being manufactured can have drug identified in their hair regardless of hair color. This testing can aid in illuminating the child's presence in an at-risk environment and a family in need of services.
authors.affiliation: Section for Children at Risk, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, 1 Children's Way, Slot 512-24A Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. kfarst@uams.edu
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Farst
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reading Meyer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mac Bird
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000032:analysis; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003415:Crime; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006200:Hair Color; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000032:analysis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine