title: Role of miR-1 and miR-133a in myocardial ischemic postconditioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) has aroused much attention since 2003 when it was firstly reported. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in IPost has rarely been reported. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether miRNAs were involved in the protective effect of IPost against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the probable mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty SD rats weighing 250-300 g were equally randomized to three groups: Control group, where the rats were treated with thoracotomy only; IR group, where the rats were treated with ischemia for 60 min and reperfusion for 180 min; and IPost group, where the rats were treated with 3 cycles of transient IR just before reperfusion. The extent of myocardial infarction, LDH and CK activities were measured immediately after treatment. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The myocardial tissue was collected after IR or IPost stimulation to evaluate the miRNAs expression level by miRNA-microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Real-time PCR was conducted to identify changes in mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-9 (CASP9), and Western blot was used to compare the protein expression level of CASP9 in the three groups. The miRNA mimics and anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) were transferred into the cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and myocardium before they were treated with IR. The effect of miRNAs on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. CASP9, as one of the candidate target of miR-133a, was compared during IR after the miR-133a mimic or AMO-133a was transferred into the myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IPost reduced the IR-induced infarct size of the left ventricle, and decreased CK and LDH levels. TUNEL assay showed that myocardial apoptosis was attenuated by IPost compared with IR. MiRNA-microarray and RT-PCR showed that myocardial-specific miR-1 and miR-133a were down-regulated by IR, and up-regulated by IPost compared with IR. Furthermore, IPost up-regulated the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, down-regulated that of Bax and CASP9. Western blot showed that IPost also down-regulated the CASP9 protein expression compared with IR. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that up-regulation of miR-1 and miR-133a decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. MiR-133a mimic down-regulated CASP9 protein expression and attenuated IR-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MiRNAs are associated with the protective effect of IPost against myocardial IR injury. IPost can up-regulate miR-1 and miR-133a, and decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Myocardial-specific miR-1 and miR-133a may play an important role in IPost protection by regulating apoptosis-related genes. MiR-133a may attenuate apoptosis of myocardiocytes by targeting CASP9.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: An-Jing
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xiao-Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ying-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C542191:MIRN1 microRNA, rat; C549446:MIRN133 microRNA, rat; D035683:MicroRNAs; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D003402:Creatine Kinase