title: In vitro screening of traditional South African malaria remedies against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: Three hundred extracts were prepared from plants traditionally used in South Africa to treat malaria and screened in vitro for activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. For the 43 extracts which inhibited the growth of one or more parasites to more than 95 % at 9.7 µg/mL, the IC₅₀ values against all four protozoal parasites and cytotoxic IC₅₀s against rat myoblast L6 cells were determined. Amongst the most notable results are the activities of AGATHOSMA APICULATA (IC₅₀ of 0.3 µg/mL) against Plasmodium falciparum, as well as Salvia repens and Maytenus undata against Leishmania donovani with IC₅₀s of 5.4 µg/mL and 5.6 µg/mL, respectively. This screening is the starting point for a HPLC-based activity profiling project in antiprotozoal lead discovery.
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa.
authors.forename: Tsholofelo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mokoka
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Tasqiah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Julianti
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Nivan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moodley
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koorbanally
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamburger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D029755:Maytenus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D051381:Rats; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D027544:Salvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D013019:South Africa; D016833:Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts