title: Avenanthramides are bioavailable and accumulate in hepatic, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissue following oral gavage in rats.
abstract: Avenanthramides (AVA), polyphenols found exclusively in oats ( Avena sativa L.), may play a role in the anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic activity of oats. The bioavailability of AVA has been demonstrated previously, but its distribution at the organ and tissue level and the extent of conjugation following ingestion have been unexplored. Synthetic AVA was administered to 24 rats by oral gavage, whereas 6 control rats received saline. AVA concentrations were measured via HPLC in plasma, liver, heart, and gastrocnemius (GAS) obtained over a 12 h period (0, 2, 4, 12 h; n = 6 at each time point). Samples were extracted with and without glucuronidase-sulfatase to assess the level of conjugation. We conclude that AVA are bioavailable to the blood circulation following oral ingestion in the rat and reach peripheral tissues where they can be taken up by various organs differentially. With AVA remaining in the organs for up to 12 h, it seems possible to maintain an increased level of AVA in the rat via repeated feedings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dickman
authors.forename: Mitchell L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Li Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C514463:avenanthramide-2C