title: Saliva electrophoretic protein profiles in infants: changes with age and impact of teeth eruption and diet transition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe the changes in salivary protein profiles in infants between the ages of 3 and 6 months, and to evaluate the impact of teeth eruption and introduction of solid foods on such profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  73 infants were followed longitudinally at 3 and 6 months of age. Their whole saliva proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and semi-quantified by image analysis. Amylase activity was also measured on a sub-sample of the population (n=42 infants). Bands which abundance was significantly different between the two ages according to paired comparisons were identified by mass spectrometry techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 21 bands, 13 were significantly different between 3 and 6 months of age. Two short variants of amylase increased in abundance with age, as did amylase activity. Other changes possibly translated developmental physiological events, for example maturation of the adaptive immune system. The balance between S-type cystatins and cystatins A and B was modified, in favour of S-type cystatins at 6 months of age. Teeth eruption resulted in an increase in albumin abundance, whilst introduction of solid foods was associated with higher levels of β-2 microglobulin and S-type cystatins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salivary profiles were modified substantially between the ages of 3 and 6 months. Both teeth eruption and diet had an impact on abundance changes for some proteins, revealing dynamic interactions between saliva proteome, oral physiology and diet.
authors.affiliation: Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (UMR1324 INRA, UMR6265 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne), F-21000 Dijon, France. Martine.Morzel@dijon.inra.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morzel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Palicki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chabanet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducoroy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chambon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicklaus
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D055312:Cystatin A / Q000032:analysis; D055313:Cystatin B / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D041943:Infant Formula; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D055333:Salivary Cystatins / Q000032:analysis; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D012635:Secretory Component / Q000032:analysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014078:Tooth Eruption / Q000502:physiology*; D014886:Weaning; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C524994:CSTB protein, human; D055312:Cystatin A; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D055333:Salivary Cystatins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D012635:Secretory Component; D012709:Serum Albumin; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; C026407:CSTA protein, human; D055313:Cystatin B; D000681:Amylases