title: Hurt people who hurt people: violence amongst individuals with comorbid substance use disorder and post traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between substance use disorder (SUD) and the perpetration of violence has been well documented. There is some evidence to suggest that the co-occurrence of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may increase the risk for violence. This study aims to determine the prevalence of violence perpetration and examine factors related to violence amongst individuals with comorbid SUD and PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected via interview from 102 participants recruited to a randomised controlled trial of an integrated treatment for comorbid SUD and PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The interview addressed demographics, perpetration of violent crime, mental health including aggression, substance use, PTSD, depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over half of participants reported committing violence in their lifetime and 16% had committed violence in the past month. Bivariate associations were found between violence perpetration and trait aggression, higher levels of alcohol and cannabis use, lower levels of other opiate use, and experiencing more severe PTSD symptoms, particularly in relation to hyperarousal. When entered into a backward stepwise logistic regression however, only higher levels of physical aggression and more severe PTSD hyperarousal symptoms remained as independent predictors of violence perpetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings highlight the importance of assessing for PTSD amongst those with SUD particularly in forensic settings. They also indicate that it is the hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD specifically that need to be targeted by interventions aimed at reducing violence amongst individuals with SUD and PTSD.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. e.barrett@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Maree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teesson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D015897:Comorbidity; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*