title: Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy in 2008: general view of the pathogens' antibacterial susceptibility.
abstract: For the purpose of nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens collected from patients in Japan, the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy conducted a third year of nationwide surveillance during the period from January to April 2008. A total of 1,097 strains were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections. Susceptibility testing was evaluable with 987 strains (189 Staphylococcus aureus, 211 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 6 Streptococcus pyogenes, 187 Haemophilus influenzae, 106 Moraxella catarrhalis, 126 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 162 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A total of 44 antibacterial agents, including 26 β-lactams (four penicillins, three penicillins in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors, four oral cephems, eight parenteral cephems, one monobactam, five carbapenems, and one penem), three aminoglycosides, four macrolides (including a ketolide), one lincosamide, one tetracycline, two glycopeptides, six fluoroquinolones, and one oxazolidinone were used for the study. Analysis was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). The incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was as high as 59.8%, and those of penicillin-intermediate and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP and PRSP) were 35.5 and 11.8%, respectively. Among H. influenzae, 13.9% of them were found to be β-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-intermediately resistant (BLNAI), 26.7% to be β-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-resistant (BLNAR), and 5.3% to be β-lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant (BLPAR) strains. A high frequency (76.5%) of β-lactamase-producing strains was suspected in Moraxella catarrhalis isolates. Four (3.2%) extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae were found among 126 strains. Four isolates (2.5%) of P. aeruginosa were found to be metallo β-lactamase-producing strains, including three (1.9%) suspected multidrug-resistant strains showing resistance to imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. Continual national surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory pathogens is crucial in order to monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and to be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis.
authors.affiliation: Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Nichinai Kaikan B1, 3-28-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. karyo@jc4.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanaki
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Morimasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagisawa
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Rikizo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koashi
authors.forename: Michinori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kozuki
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maruo
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Yoshisaburo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunakawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Katsunao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niitsuma
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanowatari
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Mutsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utagawa
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiya
authors.forename: Sayoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chonabayashi
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichioka
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurai
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saraya
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Atsuro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Hiroshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mikamo
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takesue
authors.forename: Yasunao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Takeyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyara
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsuno
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikasa
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Nobuchika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nose
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiue
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishimaru
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tokuyasu
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masui
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Zenzo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateyama
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Totsuka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000187:drug effects; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents