title: Cancer risk in patients with Noonan syndrome carrying a PTPN11 mutation.
abstract: Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphisms and congenital heart defects. PTPN11 mutations are the most common cause of NS. Patients with NS have a predisposition for leukemia and certain solid tumors. Data on the incidence of malignancies in NS are lacking. Our objective was to estimate the cancer risk and spectrum in patients with NS carrying a PTPN11 mutation. In addition, we have investigated whether specific PTPN11 mutations result in an increased malignancy risk. We have performed a cohort study among 297 Dutch NS patients with a PTPN11 mutation (mean age 18 years). The cancer histories were collected from the referral forms for DNA diagnostics, and by consulting the Dutch national registry of pathology and the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The reported frequencies of cancer among NS patients were compared with the expected frequencies using population-based incidence rates. In total, 12 patients with NS developed a malignancy, providing a cumulative risk for developing cancer of 23% (95% confidence interval (CI), 8-38%) up to age 55 years, which represents a 3.5-fold (95% CI, 2.0-5.9) increased risk compared with that in the general population. Hematological malignancies occurred most frequently. Two malignancies, not previously observed in NS, were found: a malignant mastocytosis and malignant epithelioid angiosarcoma. No correlation was found between specific PTPN11 mutations and cancer occurrence. In conclusion, this study provides first evidence of an increased risk of cancer in patients with NS and a PTPN11 mutation, compared with that in the general population. Our data do not warrant specific cancer surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.jongmans@antrg.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Marjolijn C J
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jongmans
authors.forename: Ineke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Burgt
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hoogerbrugge
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noordam
authors.forename: Helger G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Yntema
authors.forename: Willy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nillesen
authors.forename: Roland P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: Marjolijn J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ligtenberg
authors.forename: Ad Geurts
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van Kessel
authors.forename: J Han J M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Krieken
authors.forename: Lambertus A L M
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kiemeney
authors.forename: Nicoline
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hoogerbrugge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009634:Noonan Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11