title: Compliance with physical activity guidelines in rural, black South Africans in the Limpopo Province: an energy expenditure approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors used an energy expenditure-based approach to determine the non-compliance and compliance with public health physical activity (PA) guidelines in rural, black South Africans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analysed 7-day objectively measured PA data (NL-2000 pedometer) in 508 females and 267 males. Compliance was defined for the American College of Sports Medicine guideline (ACSM: ≥7.5 to <21 kcal/kg/week and ≥1.5 kcal/kg/day for ≥5 days/week) and the Institute of Medicine guideline (IOM: ≥21 kcal/kg/week and ≥3 kcal/kg/day for 7 days/week).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence for non-compliance, ACSM compliance and IOM compliance in the sample was 7.8%, 55.0% and 37.2%, respectively. Complying with IOM guidelines required substantially more ambulation (14 522 steps/day) than ACSM guidelines (10 837 steps/day) and non-compliance (6420 steps/day) (p<0.0001). Approximately 95% of IOM-compliant subjects and 51% of ACSM-compliant subjects achieved ≥10 000 steps/day on 4-7 days. Compliance with IOM or ACSM guideline was associated with an 87% (p<0.0001) and a 49% (p=0.0647) reduced risk of obesity, respectively. Partial and full IOM compliance was associated with a significantly reduced risk of obesity (OR=0.58 to 0.16, p<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 10 000 steps/day guideline concurs with the ACSM guideline, whereas IOM compliance required higher ambulation levels. Compared with ACSM compliance, IOM compliance was associated with a lower risk of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa. ianc@ul.ac.za
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: Estelle V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012423:Rural Health; D013019:South Africa; D055815:Young Adult