title: [Microbiological evaluation of ready-to-eat foods manufactured by small Costa Rican industries].
abstract: Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are processed foodstuffs which have gained popularity in recent times because they can be ingested without further thermic treatments. In this work, the microbiological quality and safety of 90 samples of RTE foods manufactured by small Costa Rican industries was determined to evaluate whether they represent a Public Health risk. Twenty-six samples of pickled vegetables, 18 dips, 18 salads, and 12 sweet treats were studied. Each sample was analyzed with regard to its pH, the presence of culturable microbiological quality indicators and recognized foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes. Clostridium perfringens, C. botulinum, and Bacillus cereus) Selected genes encoding toxins of C. botulinum and C. perfringens were screened by PCR. Thirty-seven percent of the samples had a level of acidity that could allow the growth and proliferation of bacterial pathogens (pH > or = 4.5). The shelf-life indicators were acceptable but only if the RTE foods are kept at adequate conditions of temperature and humidity. Sixty-four percent of the RTE foods had total coliforms values that evidence inadequate hygiene practices during its elaboration (MPN/g >1000). This result was confirmed by the finding of fecal coliforms in 56% of the samples, which, by the way, are inacceptable for human consumption. All cultures for pathogens were negative, except for 4 samples that contained B. cereus. Toxins of C. botulinum were not detected and one single sample was positive for the PCR for C. perfringens. The elevated degree of fecal contamination detected in the RTE could be prevented by means of good manufacturing practices, better hygiene measures and a deeper attention to critical control points.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Anaerobia, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cavallini
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: María del Mar
authors.initials: Mdel M
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.forename: María Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003132:Commerce; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000592:standards*; D003364:Costa Rica; D005511:Food Handling / Q000592:standards*; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011786:Quality Control