title: Factors affecting color strength of printing on film-coated tablets by UV laser irradiation: TiO2 particle size, crystal structure, or concentration in the film, and the irradiated UV laser power.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to study factors affecting color strength of printing on film-coated tablets by ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation: particle size, crystal structure, or concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in film, and irradiated UV laser power.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films containing 4.0% of TiO2, of which BET particle sizes were ranging from 126.1 to 219.8 nm, were irradiated 3.14W of UV laser at a wavelength 355 nm to study effects of TiO2 particle size and crystal structure on the printing. The films containing TiO2 concentration ranging from 1.0 to 7.7% were irradiated 3.14 or 5.39W of the UV laser to study effect of TiO2 concentration on the printing. The film containing 4.0% of TiO2, was irradiated the UV laser up to 6.42W to study effect of the UV laser power on the printing. The color strength of the printed films was estimated by a spectrophotometer as total color difference (dE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Particle size, crystal structure, and concentration of TiO2 in the films did not affect the printing. In the relationship between the irradiated UV laser power and dE, there found an inflection point (1.6W). When the UV laser power was below 1.6W, the films were not printed. When it was beyond the point, total color difference increased linearly in proportion with the irradiated laser power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The color strength of the printing on film was not changed by TiO2 particle size, crystal structure, and concentration, but could be controlled by regulating the irradiated UV laser power beyond the inflection point.
authors.affiliation: Production Technology Department, Eisai Co., Ltd., Takehaya, Kakamigahara, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D004348:Drug Labeling; D007834:Lasers; D010316:Particle Size; D010777:Photochemistry; D011327:Printing / Q000379:methods; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013607:Tablets; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium