title: Guideline for minimizing radiation exposure during acquisition of coronary artery calcium scans with the use of multidetector computed tomography: a report by the Society for Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention Tomographic Imaging and Prevention Councils in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography.
abstract: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scanning is an important tool for risk stratification in intermediate-risk, asymptomatic subjects without previous coronary disease. However, the clinical benefit of improved risk prediction needs to be balanced against the risk of the use of ionizing radiation. Although there is increasing emphasis on the need to obtain CAC scans at low-radiation exposure to the patient, very few practical documents exist to aid laboratories and health care professionals on how to obtain such low-radiation scans. The Tomographic Imaging Council of the Society for Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, in collaboration with the Prevention Council and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, created a task force and writing group to generate a practical document to address parameters that can be influenced by careful attention to image acquisition. Patient selection for CAC scanning should be based on national guidelines. It is recommended that laboratories performing CAC examinations monitor radiation exposure (dose-length-product [DLP]) and effective radiation dose (E) in all patients. DLP should be <200 mGy × cm; E should average 1.0-1.5 mSv and should be <3.0 mSv. On most scanner platforms, CAC imaging should be performed in an axial mode with prospective electrocardiographic triggering, using tube voltage of 120 kVp. Tube current should be carefully selected on the basis of patient size, potentially using chest lateral width measured on the topogram. Scan length should be limited for the coverage of the heart only. When patients and imaging parameters are selected appropriately, CAC scanning can be performed with low levels of radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Piedmont Heart Institute, Piedmont Hospital, 1968 Peachtree Rd NW, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. szilard.voros@piemont.org
authors.forename: Szilard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voros
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blankstein
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.forename: Ricardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: Milind Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Damini
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Halliburton
authors.forename: Harvey S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Raul D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Uma S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Valeti
authors.forename: Phillip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Gaby
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weissman
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed