title: Single-port compared with conventional laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the immediate results of patients undergoing either two-channel single-port laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy or conventional multiport laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy using the single-port (n=50) or conventional (n=50) approach. The outcome measures included blood loss, operative time, intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications, time to flatus passage after operation, and postoperative pain (assessed by the visual analog scale score and postoperative analgesics use).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The general characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences in operative time, estimated blood loss, time to first flatus, intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications, shoulder tip pain, or length of hospital stay between the two groups. However, postoperative pain was significantly less in the single-port group compared with the conventional group, as evidenced by lower mean scores on the visual analog scale (3.64±2.75 compared with 5.08±2.76 at 24 hours, P=.011 and 1.94±2.31 compared with 2.84±2.07 at 48 hours, P=.043) and less mean accumulated dose of postoperative analgesics (74.40±24.25 mg compared with 104.80±57.08 mg of meperidine, P=.001; 16±13.40 mg compared with 33.6±28.7 mg of tenoxicam, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transumbilical two-channel single-port laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy significantly decreases postoperative pain and analgesic use.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical Trials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01048931.
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.
authors.forename: Yi-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng-Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Elizabeth Joan
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.forename: Nae-Fang
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Twu
authors.forename: Ming-Shyen
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Kuan-Chong
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020702:Hysteroscopes; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome