title: Differential contributions of adenosine to hypoxia-evoked depressions of three neuronal pathways in isolated spinal cord of neonatal rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoxic effects on neuronal functions vary significantly with experimental conditions, but the mechanism for this is unclear. Adenosine has been reported to play a key role in depression of neuronal activities in the CNS during acute hypoxia. Hence, we examined the effect of acute hypoxia on different spinal reflex potentials and the contribution of adenosine to them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spinal reflex potentials, monosynaptic reflex potential (MSR), slow ventral root potential (sVRP) and dorsal root potential (DRP), were measured in the isolated spinal cord of the neonatal rat. Adenosine release was measured by using enzymatic biosensors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the spinal cord preparation isolated from postnatal day 5-8 rats at 27°C, acute hypoxia induced adenosine release and depressed three reflex potentials. However, in postnatal day 0-3 rats at 27°C, the hypoxic-induced adenosine release and depression of MSR were negligible, while the depression of sVRP and DRP were perceptible responses. In postnatal day 0-3 rats at 33°C, hypoxia evoked adenosine release and depression of MSR. An adenosine A(1) receptor selective antagonist and a high [Ca(2+)](o), which suppressed adenosine release, abolished the hypoxic-induced depression of MSR but not those of sVRP and DRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoxic-induced depression of MSR depends on adenosine release, which is highly susceptible to age, temperature and [Ca(2+)](o). However, a large part of the depressions of DRP and sVRP are mediated via adenosine-independent mechanisms. This differential contribution of adenosine to depression is suggested to be an important factor for the variable effects of hypoxia on neuronal functions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. otsuguro@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuguro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012023:Reflex, Monosynaptic / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D011687:Purines; D000241:Adenosine; D002118:Calcium