title: Associations between vitamin D status in infants and blood lipids, body mass index and waist circumference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and blood lipids, insulin, glucose, body mass index and waist circumference in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 255 infants aged 9 months with a blood sample for 25-hydroxyvitamin D were examined. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were analysed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Associations between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, body mass index and waist circumference were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 77.2 ± 22.7 nM. At the time of examination, 97% received vitamin D supplementation. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was negatively associated with HDL (p = 0.003), cholesterol (p = 0.002) and triglycerides (p = 0.010) in multivariate analysis controlled for gender, season, body mass index, length, birth weight and breastfeeding. There were no associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glucose or insulin (all p > 0.05). 25-hydroxyvitamin D was negatively associated with body mass index (p = 0.005) and waist circumference (p = 0.002) controlled for gender, season, breastfeeding, birth weight and length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D status is negatively associated with blood lipids, body mass index and waist circumference in infants where nearly all received vitamin D supplements. Whether this has long-term health effects remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. kaar@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arnberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Østergård
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krarup
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mølgaard
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D