title: Transplantation of ex vivo expanded bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells enhances chronic venous thrombus resolution and recanalization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preclinical and clinical studies indicated that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) enhanced blood vessel formation in many clinical situations. However, whether transplantation of EPCs would enhance chronic venous thrombus recanalization and resolution is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow of immature rats by density gradient centrifugation, cultured, and then transplanted into inferior vena cava of rats with experimentally induced thrombi. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression levels were measured through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting of thrombi and adjacent caval walls 14 days following transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplantation of bone marrow-derived EPCs led to an increase in VEGF, bFGF, mRNA, and protein expression. In addition, transplantation of bone marrow-derived EPCs also resulted in reduced thrombus size and increased neovascularization in the specimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplanted bone marrow-derived EPCs may be a therapeutic option for treating deep venous thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qingyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Fengrui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chuanyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A