title: High ERCC1 expression predicts cisplatin-based chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in a betel-chewing area.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was to evaluate the effect of excision repair cross-complementation group 1(ERCC1) expression on response to cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in locally advanced unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients with locally advanced unresectable HNSCC who received cisplatin-based IC followed by CCRT from January 1, 2006 through January 1, 2008. Eligibility criteria included presence of biopsy-proven HNSCC without a prior history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess ERCC1 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens from paraffin blocks. Clinical parameters, including smoking, alcohol consumption and betel nuts chewing, were obtained from the medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of fifty-seven patients were 61.1% and 61.0%, respectively. Among these patients, thirty-one patients had low ERCC1 expression and forty-one patients responded to IC followed by CCRT. Univariate analyses showed that patients with low expression of ERCC1 had a significantly higher 12-month PFS rates (73.3% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001) and 2-year OS (74.2 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.023) rates. Multivariate analysis showed that for patients who did not chew betel nuts and had low expression of ERCC1 were independent predictors for prolonged survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggest that a high expression of ERCC1 predict a poor response and survival to cisplatin-based IC followed by CCRT in patients with locally advanced unresectable HNSCC in betel nut chewing area.
authors.affiliation: Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tai-Jan
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Chang-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Shau-Hsuan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hsin-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases; D002945:Cisplatin