title: [Daily functioning in dementia: pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions demonstrate small effects on heterogeneous scales].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on activities of daily living in dementia and the heterogeneity of the applied measurement instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four Health Technology Assessments (HTA) on dementia are summarized regarding to effects on activities of daily living. These HTA assessed RCTs on ACE-inhibitors, Memantin, Ginkgo and non-pharmacological interventions according to Cochrane standards. An overview over the domains of activities of daily living covered by the applied assessment instruments is provided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of 40 RCTs revealed indications of a beneficial effect of Donepezil, small positive effects of Galantamin, Rivastigmin and Memantin, positive effects of caregiver training in only one of five RCTs and no beneficial effects in seven RCTs on validation and reminiscence therapy, cognitive training procedures or activity-based interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The studies demonstrated a very heterogeneous methodological quality with regard to assessment instruments, measurement time points and report of study design and results. Harmonisation in research methods is imperative and further elaborated RCTs must be conducted.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Geriatrie und Gerontologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg. sebastian.voigt@uniklinikfreiburg.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voigt-Radloff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hüll
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education; D000077265:Donepezil; D005702:Galantamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007326:Institutionalization; D008559:Memantine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000068836:Rivastigmine
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010880:Piperidines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005702:Galantamine; D000077265:Donepezil; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D008559:Memantine