title: Metabolism of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under low temperature stress.
abstract: Low temperature is an environmental stress that affects crop production and quality and regulates the expression of many genes, and the level of a number of proteins and metabolites. Using leaves from pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants exposed to low temperature (8 °C) for different time periods (1 to 3 d), several key components of the metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS, respectively) were analysed. After 24 h of exposure at 8 °C, pepper plants exhibited visible symptoms characterized by flaccidity of stems and leaves. This was accompanied by significant changes in the metabolism of RNS and ROS with an increase of both protein tyrosine nitration (NO(2) -Tyr) and lipid peroxidation, indicating that low temperature induces nitrosative and oxidative stress. During the second and third days at low temperature, pepper plants underwent cold acclimation by adjusting their antioxidant metabolism and reverting the observed nitrosative and oxidative stress. In this process, the levels of the soluble non-enzymatic antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione, and the activity of the main NADPH-generating dehydrogenases were significantly induced. This suggests that ascorbate, glutathione and the NADPH-generating dehydrogenases have a role in the process of cold acclimation through their effect on the redox state of the cell.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 419, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Morad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Airaki
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leterrier
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaki
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Del Río
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Corpas
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002212:Capsicum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000502:physiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid