title: Oromandibular dystonia in encephalitis.
abstract: We report clinical and MRI findings of 17 patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD) due to Japanese encephalitis (14) and nonspecific encephalitis (3). Their median age was 14(2-53) years and 9 were females. 8 patients had jaw open and 9 jaw close OMD. The severity ranged between 2 and 4 on a 0-4 scale, 11 patients were anarthric and needed tube feeding. Cranial MRI was abnormal in 13 patients; the abnormalities were in thalamus in 9, substantia nigra in 10, caudate in 3, globus pallidus and putamen in 2 each and pons in 1 patient. SPECT revealed hypoperfusion in thalamus in 4, basal ganglia in 1, frontal in 6, parietal in 3 and temporal in 1 patient. By 6 months, OMD regressed completely in 6, by 1 grade in 2 and remained unchanged in 7 patients. OMD in encephalitis is mainly due to JE and half of these patients improve.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. jayanteek@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalita
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pradhan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult