title: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, Siriraj resident experiences: the first resident series in Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) performed by urological residents trained from Siriraj Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four laparoscopic radical prostatectomies were performed by 12 urological residents between April 2007 and October 2009 (23 intraperitoneal approaches and one extraperitoneal approach). We used five to six ports. Vesico-urethral anastomosis was sutured by interrupted stitches in two cases and continuous technique in 22 cases. Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed in all cases. Demographic data, operative outcome, and pathological outcomes were analyzed. Pathological reports were used with TNM stage following AJCC 2002. The peri-operative parameters and follow-up data were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 71.3 years and mean serum PSA level was 18.34 ng/ml. Eighty seven percent was clinical localized disease. Most Gleason score was 7. Mean operative time was 208.9 minutes and mean blood loss was 295.8 ml. Blood transfusion rate was 16.7%. Mean hospital stay was 6.1 days and surgical drain was removed at mean time of 3.9 days. Mean catheter time was 12.5 days. Pathological report shows pT1, pT2, and pT3 at 4.2%, 20.8% and 75.0%, respectively No patients had lymph node metastasis. Positive surgical margin rate was 20.0% and 88.9% in pT2 and pT3, respectively Ten cases received adjuvant hormonal therapy because ofp T3. Twenty-three cases were followed at the mean time of 14.8 months and mean serum PSA level was 0.03 ng/ml. At the mean time of follow-up, patients had urinary incontinence in 10 cases. This group had only two cases that used pads, which were more than two pads per day. Two cases had anastomotic stricture that was treated by urethral dilatation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a difficult operation. Training from an experience surgeon is an important step to shorten the learning curve.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department ofSurgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Patkawat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramart
authors.forename: Sunai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leewansangtong
authors.forename: Teerapon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amornvesukit
authors.forename: Tawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taweemongkongsap
authors.forename: Chaiyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nualyong
authors.forename: Pichai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sujijantararat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001344:Autopsy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D059032:Learning Curve; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education*; D013785:Thailand; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen