title: Kuguacin J isolated from Momordica charantia leaves inhibits P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)-mediated multidrug resistance.
abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major factor in the failure of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Resistance to chemotherapy has been correlated to the overexpression of ABC drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that actively efflux chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells. Our previous study showed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf extract (BMLE) was able to reverse the MDR phenotype by increasing the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present study, bioguided fractionation was used to identify the active component(s) of BMLE that is able to modulate the function of P-gp and the MDR phenotype in a human cervical carcinoma cell line (KB-V1). We found that kuguacin J, one of the active components in BMLE, increased sensitivity to vinblastine and paclitaxel in KB-V1 cells. A flow cytometry assay indicated that kuguacin J inhibits the transport function of P-gp and thereby significantly increases the accumulation of rhodamine 123 and calcein AM in the cells. These results were confirmed by [³H]-vinblastine transport assay. Kuguacin J significantly increases intracellular [³H]-vinblastine accumulation and decreased the [³H]-vinblastine efflux in the cells. Kuguacin J also inhibited the incorporation of [¹²⁵I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin into P-gp in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that kuguacin J directly interacts with the drug-substrate-binding site on P-gp. These results indicate that kuguacin J modulates the function of P-gp by directly interacting at the drug-substrate-binding site, and it appears to be an effective inhibitor of P-gp activity in vitro and thus could be developed as an effective chemosensitizer to treat multidrug-resistant cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pornsiri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pitchakarn
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Komsak
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pintha
authors.forename: Wilart
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pompimon
authors.forename: Suresh V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ambudkar
authors.forename: Pornngarm
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limtrakul
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001386:Azides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011224:Prazosin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001386:Azides; D005452:Fluoresceins; D014315:Triterpenes; C572783:kuguacin J; C085925:calcein AM; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D014747:Vinblastine; C041552:azidoprazosin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D011224:Prazosin