title: The procoagulant effects of fine particulate matter in vivo.
abstract: Inhalation of fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm; fine PM) has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular events. In this letter, we reappraise the role of tissue factor (TF) antigen and we also summarize changes in measured coagulation proteins in humans and rodents by other studies with fine PM. By considering all studies including ours, we conclude that monitoring the overall coagulation state by measuring capacity assays such as thrombin generation, and quantification of TF activity would be more suitable than determining single coagulation proteins (such as TF antigen) in order to better assess the systemic prothrombotic effects of fine PM.
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kilinç
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Gerhardus Jajm
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: Henri Mh
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Spronk
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
authors.forename: Swapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Koustav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoeger
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semmler-Bhenke
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Wolfgang G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Kreyling
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reitmeir
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eickelberg
authors.forename: H Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013925:Thromboplastin; D013917:Thrombin