title: Digitized microscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer: analysis of >3000 cases during a 7-month period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of urine samples has proven to be a valuable adjunctive test to urine cytology for both diagnosis and monitoring recurrence of urothelial carcinoma. Automated FISH analysis has the potential to improve laboratory efficiency and to reduce interobserver and intraobserver variability, resulting in more accurate, reproducible, assay performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3200 slides containing urine specimens, hybridized with the UroVysion Bladder Cancer Kit (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, Illinois), a 4-probe set for chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21, was evaluated at Acupath Laboratories. The slides were analyzed over a 7-month period, using the Ikoniscope - oncoFISH bladder Test System (Ikonisys, New Haven, Connecticut).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis included the incorporation of a "flagging" system developed by Acupath Laboratories to identify cases, based on specific criteria, likely to benefit from further manual review. By using US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared scoring criteria, 96.3% of the slides could be reported directly from the automated scan, requiring no manual review of the slide. For the remaining 3.7% of the samples (all of which were very hypocellular), a manual review of each slide subsequently allowed diagnoses to be successfully reported. The average scan time was 31.7 minutes, and the average slide scan review time was 8.3 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the value of an automated approach to the analysis of FISH slides, affording the benefit of high-throughput while providing the user with the necessary images and tools to quickly and accurately report a case.
authors.affiliation: Ikonisys Inc, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Marganski
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: El-Sirgany Costa
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: Triantafyllos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tafas
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008853:Microscopy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*