title: Axon regeneration can facilitate or suppress hindlimb function after olfactory ensheathing glia transplantation.
abstract: Reports based primarily on anatomical evidence suggest that olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) transplantation promotes axon regeneration across a complete spinal cord transection in adult rats. Based on functional, electrophysiological, and anatomical assessments, we found that OEG promoted axon regeneration across a complete spinal cord transection and that this regeneration altered motor responses over time. At 7 months after transection, 70% of OEG-treated rats showed motor-evoked potentials in hindlimb muscles after transcranial electric stimulation. Furthermore, a complete spinal cord retransection performed 8 months after injury demonstrated that this axon regeneration suppressed locomotor performance and decreased the hypersensitive hindlimb withdrawal response to mechanical stimulation. OEG transplantation alone promoted reorganization of lumbosacral locomotor networks and, when combined with long-term training, enhanced some stepping measures. These novel findings demonstrate that OEG promote regeneration of mature axons across a complete transection and reorganization of spinal circuitry, both of which contribute to sensorimotor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeoka
authors.forename: Devin L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jindrich
authors.forename: Cintia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Quiles
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Rubia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van den Brand
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Matthias D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramón-Cueto
authors.forename: Roland R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: V Reggie
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Edgerton
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058630:Spinal Cord Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric