title: Intake of brown rice lees reduces waist circumference and improves metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Intake of whole grains has been associated with lower risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Brown rice is unrefined whole grain and is produced by removing the outermost layers containing the germ and bran, which are rich in nutrients including dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and other unmeasured dietary constituents. The lees of brown rice (LB) are by-products of its fermentation in the process of manufacturing takju, a Korean turbid rice wine. In this study, we hypothesized that intake of LB would reduce waist circumference, a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was scheduled for 12 weeks. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to receive a supplement prepared from the LB or from a mixed-grain dietary product (MG). Body weight, waist circumference, body composition, lipid profiles, and other laboratory parameters were measured. The LB group showed greater reduction in waist circumference (LB: 87.9 ± 8.8 to 85.1 ± 9.0 cm; MG: 86.9 ± 8.8 to 86.0 ± 9.3 cm; P = .032). In addition, the consumption of LB resulted in a significantly greater decrease in the level of aspartate transaminase (LB: 25.4 ± 8.5 to 21.0 ± 5.1 IU/mL; MG: 22.5 ± 5.3 to 22.4 ± 5.7 IU/mL; P = .044) and alanine transaminase (LB: 28.6 ± 11.3 to 21.9 ± 8.2 IU/mL; MG: 24.4 ± 7.5 to 24.5 ± 9.9 IU/mL; P = .038). Consumption of the LB was associated with a decreased waist circumference in type 2 diabetic patients. Further study is required to evaluate the metabolic effect of the extract of the LB in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kwandong University, College of Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 112-270, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sun Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Tae-Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Jung
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwan-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D002784:Cholesterol