title: Capsular lesions with glenohumeral ligament injuries in patients with primary shoulder dislocation: magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance arthrography evaluation.
abstract: The glenohumeral ligaments are important structures for the stability of the shoulder. They are integrated parts of the capsule and are at risk to be injured in a traumatic shoulder dislocation. The aim was to examine the prevalence of capsular ligament lesions in the acute phase and at minimum 3 weeks' follow-up after first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation. Forty-two patients aged 16-40 years were included. All patients underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans shortly after the injury and MR-arthrography (MRA) at follow-up. The median time from dislocation to MRI was 7 (range 2-14) days and to MRA 30 (range 21-54) days. We found capsular ligament lesions in 22 patients (52.4%) in the acute stage and in five patients (11.9%) at follow up. Nine patients (21.4%) had a humeral avulsion of the anterior glenohumeral ligament (HAGL lesion) on MRI. Three patients (7.1%) had this lesion at follow-up. The rate of HAGL lesions in the acute stage was higher than reported previously, but the prevalence at follow-up was in keeping with earlier published studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway. sigurd.liavaag@sshf.no
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liavaag
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stiris
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svenningsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pripp
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Brox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001175:Arthrography; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000293:injuries*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009664:Norway; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult