title: [Cardiovascular risk in Spanish smokers compared to non-smokers: RETRATOS study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the level of cardiovascular risk in smokers seenin Primary Care clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiologic, cross-sectional and multicentre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary Care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every investigator included 4 consecutive patients (3 smokers, 1 non-smoker) aged 35-50 years, who came to the clinic for any reason. A total of 2,184 patients were included; 2,124 (1,597 smokers; 527 non-smokers) were evaluated and 60 patients were excluded because they did not meet with selection criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 10-year risk of suffering from a fatal cardiovascular disease (CVDR) was calculated according to the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) model. The 10-year lethal CVR according SCORE model, was classified as: very high (> 15%), high (10-14%), slightly high (5-9%), average (3-4%), low (2%), very low (1%) and negligible (< 1%). A logistical regression model was used to estimate the relationship between smoking and prior cardiovascular events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10-year fatal CVDR according to the SCORE model was significantly higher in smokers (40±5.3) vs. non-smokers (1.9±2.5) (P<.0001).
  
  
  METHODS
  low (< 3%) [78.0% non-smokers vs. 60.7% smokers (P<.0001)]; intermediate (3-5%) [11.1% non-smokers vs. 12.6% smokers (P<.001)]; high (> 5%) [10.9% non-smokers vs. 26.7% smokers (P<.001)]. The logistical regression model showed that non-smokers vs. smokers had less probability of suffering myocardial infarction (OR 0.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.1-0.8; P<.0001), peripheral vascular disease (OR 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-1.0; P=.0180) and chronic obstructive lung disease (OR 0.18; 95% CI: 0.1-0.2; P=.0507).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking is related to a high risk of fatal cardiovascular disease. Active promotion in Primary Care clinics of measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of the smoking habit would lead to a lowering of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández de Bobadilla
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sanz de Burgoa
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garrido Morales
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: López de Sá
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013030:Spain