title: Saliva/pathogen biomarker signatures and periodontal disease progression.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of saliva-derived biomarkers and periodontal pathogens during periodontal disease progression (PDP). One hundred human participants were recruited into a 12-month investigation. They were seen bi-monthly for saliva and clinical measures and bi-annually for subtraction radiography, serum and plaque biofilm assessments. Saliva and serum were analyzed with protein arrays for 14 pro-inflammatory and bone turnover markers, while qPCR was used for detection of biofilm. A hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to group study participants based on clinical, microbiological, salivary/serum biomarkers, and PDP. Eighty-three individuals completed the six-month monitoring phase, with 39 [corrected] exhibiting PDP, while 44 [corrected] demonstrated stability. Participants assembled into three clusters based on periodontal pathogens, serum and salivary biomarkers. Cluster 1 members displayed high salivary biomarkers and biofilm; 71% [corrected] of these individuals were undergoing PDP. Cluster 2 members displayed low biofilm and biomarker levels; 76% [corrected] of these individuals were stable. Cluster 3 members were not discriminated by PDP status; however, cluster stratification followed groups 1 and 2 based on thresholds of salivary biomarkers and biofilm pathogens. The association of cluster membership to PDP was highly significant (p < 0.0007). [corrected] The use of salivary and biofilm biomarkers offers potential for the identification of PDP or stability (ClinicalTrials.gov number, CT00277745).
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Dr., Lobby M, Box 422, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ramseier
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sugai
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Shelburne
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rayburn
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Giannobile
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D018441:Biofilms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial