title: Glycemic and insulinemic responses to different preexercise snacks in participants with impaired fasting glucose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare serum glucose and insulin responses to 3 preexercise snacks before, during, and after exercise in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and healthy (H) men. In addition, in an IFG population, the authors sought to determine whether a natural fruit snack (i.e., raisins) yields more desirable glucose and insulin concentrations than an energy bar or a glucose solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IFG (n = 11, age = 54.5 ± 1.3 yr, fasting blood glucose [BG] = 6.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and H groups (n = 9, age = 48.0 ± 3.1 yr, fasting BG = 4.9 ± 0.1 mmol/L) cycled at 50% of VO2peak for 45 min on 4 occasions after consuming water or 50 g of carbohydrate from raisins (R), an energy bar (EB), or a glucose beverage (GLU). Metabolic markers were measured before, during, and after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all nutritional conditions, glucose concentrations of the IFG group were consistently higher than in the H group. Differences between IFG and H groups in insulin concentrations were sporadic and isolated. In the IFG group, preexercise glucose concentration was lower in the R condition than in GLU. Ten and 20 min into exercise, glucose concentrations in the R and EB conditions were lower than in GLU. Insulin concentrations were lower in the R condition than in EB and GLU immediately before exercise and at Minute 10 but at 20 min R remained lower than only GLU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose concentrations were higher in the IFG group regardless of preexercise snack. Compared with the glucose solution, raisins lowered both the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses, whereas the energy bar reduced glycemia but not insulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Kinesiology, Sport Studies, and Physical Education, College at Brockport-SUNY, Brockport, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Yeonsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hertzler
authors.forename: Celia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: Craig O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Mattern
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin