title: [Evaluation of five screening methods for an early detection of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions in Zhejiang province].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate five screening methods of cervical cancer so as to popularize an effective screening strategy for cervical cancer in Zhejiang province.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1005 women aged 25 - 65 years old were selected from Lishui where cervical cancer was highly prevalent. And 859 subjects were ultimately enrolled between June 2009 and December 2009. Each subject was subjected to five screening methods, including Pap smear, liquid-based cytology (LBC), human papillomavirus DNA with a second-generation hybridization assay (HC2), visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI). CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) 2+ on biopsy was used as the reference standard for disease positivity. Negative colposcopy was accepted as a negative outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were 25%, 90%, 26.7% and 98.6% for Pap smear; 81.3%, 97.3%, 35.1% and 99.6% for LBC; 68.9%, 82.8%, 7.1% and 99.3% for VIA; 81.3%, 84.6%, 9.1% and 99.3% for VILI; 87.5%, 77.3% and 6.8% for HPV-DNA test respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LBC is associated with a better profile of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value for five screening methods. It has the potential of optimizing the effectiveness of primary cervical cancer screening. Due to a low cost and an easy operation, VIA screening is an effective method of screening cervical cancer in the underdeveloped areas.
authors.affiliation: Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiao-Duan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Wei-Guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009098:Multiphasic Screening; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral