title: Initial series of robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer.
abstract: Robotic technology has enabled urologists to perform a variety of laparoscopic surgeries. Robotic surgery offers enhanced optical magnification and visualization with precise surgical movements. We report the first case series of robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer in three consecutive patients. All procedures were performed using a modified template nerve-sparing approach. The mean patient age was 31 yr. Estimated blood loss was 150-200 ml; operative time was 150-240 min. Length of stay was 2 d, and there were no perioperative complications. This early series in carefully selected and well-informed patients represented a limited experience. These results may not be applicable to all surgeons. Further long-term follow-up with a larger number of patients are warranted to validate these preliminary findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Clayton S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Josephson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007902:Length of Stay; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult