title: 3-Dimensional cone-beam computed tomography analysis of transverse changes with Schwarz appliances on both jaws.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate transverse changes from Schwarz appliances on both jaws in young, growing patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects had Angle Class I molar relationships and crowding. They were randomly divided into two groups; 30 expanded and 30 control subjects. Three-dimensional CBCT software was used to evaluate and compare treatment effects between the groups. To test for any significant differences between groups at T0 and T1, an independent t-test and paired t-tests were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interbuccal dentoalveolar width (BDAW), interpalatal dentoalveolar width (PDAW), and interlingual dentoalveolar width (LDAW) values showed significant changes when measured from a point 3 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to 8 mm apical to the CEJ. When compared with mandibular interdentoalveolar width differences (BDAW-LDAW), significant differences (P < .05) were observed. The soft tissue width of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and alveolar bone showed no significant changes (P > .05), even with dentoalveolar arch expansion in both jaws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that Schwarz appliances primarily affect the dentoalveolar complex and have varying effects on mandibular and maxillary alveolar bone width. Also, soft tissue is not affected in the area of expansion in this research.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Orthodontic Program, Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ 85206, USA.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Je-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009972:Orthodontics, Interceptive / Q000295:instrumentation; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods; D011873:Radiology Information Systems; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D016896:Treatment Outcome