title: Wwp2 is essential for palatogenesis mediated by the interaction between Sox9 and mediator subunit 25.
abstract: Sox9 is a direct transcriptional activator of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix genes and has essential roles in chondrogenesis. Mutations in or around the SOX9 gene cause campomelic dysplasia or Pierre Robin Sequence. However, Sox9-dependent transcriptional control in chondrogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we identify Wwp2 as a direct target of Sox9. Wwp2 interacts physically with Sox9 and is associated with Sox9 transcriptional activity via its nuclear translocation. A yeast two-hybrid screen using a cDNA library reveals that Wwp2 interacts with Med25, a component of the Mediator complex. The positive regulation of Sox9 transcriptional activity by Wwp2 is mediated by the binding between Sox9 and Med25. In zebrafish, morpholino-mediated knockdown of either wwp2 or med25 induces palatal malformation, which is comparable to that in sox9 mutants. These results provide evidence that the regulatory interaction between Sox9, Wwp2 and Med25 defines the Sox9 transcriptional mechanisms of chondrogenesis in the forming palate.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Xinjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Bungo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: Youngwoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murao
authors.forename: Tsunemitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soeda
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsumaki
authors.forename: Jian Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Behringer
authors.forename: Benoit de
authors.initials: Bd
authors.lastname: Crombrugghe
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Postlethwait
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Warman
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055036:Campomelic Dysplasia / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D056892:Mediator Complex / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D010159:Palate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: C483045:MED25 protein, human; D056892:Mediator Complex; D009025:Morpholines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; C487995:Wwp2 protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases