title: Analysis of lingual en masse retraction combining a C-lingual retractor and a palatal plate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of employing en masse retraction of the maxillary anterior dentition using palatal temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) as the exclusive source of anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective clinical investigation supported by preliminary case reports was performed comparing pretreatment cephalometric radiographs with those taken after en masse retraction of the six anterior teeth. The sample consisted of 35 nongrowing patients with an average age of 22.9 years. The average retraction period was 10 months (range, 6-15 months). No brackets or bands were placed on the posterior dentition during retraction. A total of 35 C-palatal plates (C-plates) were used as the only source of anchorage for maxillary anterior retraction with the C-lingual retractor (C-retractor), thereby eliminating the need for bonded or banded anchor teeth. The cephalometric radiographs were analyzed for differences between pretreatment and postretraction variables that included skeletal, dental, and soft tissue relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant incisor and canine retraction was achieved in all patients, and the upper posterior teeth did not show significant mesial drifting during the retraction period. According to the length of the lever arm of the C-retractor, tooth movement showed different directions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  En masse retraction of the six anterior teeth with good torque control and effective intrusion is possible using palatal TSADs as the only source of anchorage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Shik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kook
authors.forename: Kyu-Rhim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D002508:Cephalometry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult