title: Protective effects of methanol extracts from Cladonia rangiformis and Umbilicaria vellea against known mutagens sodium azide and 9-aminoacridine.
abstract: Lichens and their various extracts have been occasionally used in the treatment of many diseases. Cladonia rangiformis and Umbilicaria vellea are two important species of these lichens and they have several biological activities. In the present study, methanol extracts of these lichens, which are grown in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, were isolated, and their mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were investigated by using AMES-Salmonella and Zea mays Root Tip Mitotic Index mutagenicity and antimutagenicity assay systems. Known mutagens sodium azide (NaN(3)) and 9-Aminoacridine (9-AA) were used to determine antimutagenic properties of methanol extracts. The results showed that all methanol extracts, investigated in the present study, can be considered genotoxically safe because they do not have mutagenic activity at the tested concentrations. Besides, all of them have antimutagenic activity against 9-AA known as a model intercalator agent in the AMES-Salmonella test system. The inhibition rates obtained from the antimutagenicity assays ranged from 37.07% (C. rangiformis-5 µg/plate) to 54.39% (C. rangiformis-5 µg/plate). Furthermore, all the methanol extracts have significant antimutagenic activity against NaN(3) mutagenicity in Z. mays Root Tip Mitotic Index assay system. These activities are valuable towards an extension of the employ of these drugs as new phytotherapeutic or preservative ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Medine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulluce
authors.forename: Guleray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karadayi
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozari
authors.forename: Furkan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orhan
mesh_terms: D000585:Aminacrine / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D014421:Turkey; D003313:Zea mays / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002457:Cell Extracts; D000585:Aminacrine; D019810:Sodium Azide; D000432:Methanol