title: Additional autoimmune disease found in 33% of patients at type 1 diabetes onset.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to define the prevalence of nonislet, organ-specific autoantibodies at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and to determine the prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (n = 491) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes were screened for autoimmune thyroid disease (thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies [TPOAb]), celiac disease (tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies [TTGAb]), and Addison disease (21-hydroxylase autoantibodies [21OHAb]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 491 children, 161 had at least one nonislet autoantibody, and of these, 122 (24.8%) were positive for TPOAb, and 15 of the 122 (12.3%) had autoimmune thyroid disease. There were 57 (11.6%) who were positive for TTGAb, of whom 14 (24.6%) had celiac disease. Five (1.0%) were positive for 21OHAb, of whom one had Addison disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many autoantibody-positive subjects present with additional autoimmune disorders. Detection of these autoantibodies at type 1 diabetes onset may prevent complications associated with delayed diagnosis of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, Colorado, USA. taylor.triolo@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Taylor M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Triolo
authors.forename: Taylor K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFann
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.forename: Georgeanna J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eisenbarth
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male