title: [Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria in 2006].
abstract: The activity of antibacterial agents against aerobic Gram-positive cocci (26 species, 1022 strains) and anaerobic bacteria (23 species, 184 strains) isolated from clinical specimens in 2006 at 16 clinical facilities in Japan were studied using either broth microdilution or agar dilution method. The ratio of methicillin-resistant strains among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 53.0% and 65.8%, suggesting that resistant strains were isolated at high frequency. Vancomycin (VCM) and quinupristin/dalfopristin (QPR/DPR) had good antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, with MIC90s of < or = 2 micrcog/mL. The ratio of penicillin (PC) intermediate and resistant strains classified by mutations of PC-binding proteins among Streptococcus pneumoniae was 87.6%. Ceftriaxone, cefpirome, cefepime, carbapenem antibiotics, VCM, teicoplanin, linezolid(LZD) and QPR/DPR had MIC90s of < or = 1 microg/mL against PC-intermediate and resistant S. pneumoniae strains. Against all strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, the MICs of VCM and TEIC were under 2 microg/mL, and no resistant strain was detected, suggesting that these agents had excellent activities against these species. 10.9% of E. faecalis strains or 3.5% of E. faecium strains showed intermediate or resistant to LZD. 24.4% of E. faecium strains showed intermediate or resistant to QPR/DPR. Against all strains of Clostridium difficile, the MIC of VCM were under 1 microg/mL, suggesting that VCM had excellent activity against C. difficile. Carbapenems showed good activity against Peptococcaceae, Bacteroides spp., and Prevotella spp. However since several strains of Bacteroides fragilis showed resistant to carbapenems and the susceptibility of this species should be well-focused in the future.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Mineji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Choichiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiotani
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kino
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asari
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyokawa
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Nobuchika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nose
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Tetsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakasone
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamano
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010460:Peptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents