title: Consumption of tobacco, alcohol and recreational drugs in university students in Belgium and the Netherlands: the role of living situation.
abstract: Studying at university/college is associated with consumption of tobacco, alcohol and recreational drugs. This lifestyle may be associated with moving outside parental control. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between students living with their parents and students living alone or with peers regarding substance use in Belgium (Antwerp) and The Netherlands (Amsterdam).
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of two separate surveys, one in Amsterdam (8,258 students) and one in Antwerp (27,210 students) were compared. Both questionnaires contained items about consumption of tobacco, alcohol and recreational drugs, and whether students considered their consumption as a problem and relevant confounders. Students living with their parents were compared with students living alone or with peers, using multivariate logistic regression analyses, separate for Antwerp and Amsterdam.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consumption of tobacco was associated with living with peers. Similar patterns were shown for consumption of alcohol and recreational drugs. Living with peers rather than living with family or alone was a determinant of problematic substance use as well. Patterns were similar for both universities in two different countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students living alone or with peers in Amsterdam and Antwerp may be at risk for problems concerning their consumption of recreational drugs. These findings may have implications for targeted prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Student Health Services, Department of Research, Development and Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. CRL.Boot@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Cécile R L
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Boot
authors.forename: Johan F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosiers
authors.forename: Frans J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meijman
authors.forename: Guido F G
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Van Hal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D010379:Peer Group; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control