title: Results of the percutaneous pinning of proximal humerus fractures with a modified palm tree technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many techniques are available for closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of proximal humeral fractures. The palm tree technique was described by Kapandji in 1989. In that technique three curved wires are inserted through one hole at the V-shaped insertion of the deltoid muscle. It is a good technique but it has some disadvantages. In this study we introduced some modifications for the technique, and we evaluated the clinical results of the modified technique in treatment of 18 cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous fixation with the palm tree technique after minor modifications. The age of the patients ranged from 38 to 75 years with an average of 56 years. Eleven were females and seven were males. The fractures were two-part in 13 cases and three-part fractures in five cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average time of healing was seven weeks. The follow-up period ranged from 14 months to 39 months with an average of 22 months. The Constant score ranged from 45 to 88 with a mean of 73. The results were satisfactory in 77% and unsatisfactory in 23% of the cases. The complications included pin tract infection in two cases, intraarticular wire migration in one case, skin necrosis around the wires in three cases and malunion with varus deformity in one case. No cases were complicated by neurovascular injury, loss of fixation or avascular necrosis of the humeral head.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The palm tree technique is a good method for fixation of proximal humeral fractures. It produces good grip in both of the proximal and distal fragments and allows for early joint movements. Our modifications allow for easy insertion of the wires, increase the stability of fixation and minimize the risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: Al-Razi Orthopaedic Hospital, Safat, Kuwait. barakatelalfy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Barakat Sayed
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: El-Alfy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome