title: Novel insights into the physiology of renalase and its role in hypertension and heart disease.
abstract: Renalase is an amine oxidase expressed in kidney, heart, liver, and brain that metabolizes catecholamines. Tissue and plasma levels are decreased in models of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Its expression is modulated by salt intake, and urinary renalase may regulate catecholamines levels and effect renal sodium and phosphate transport. The renalase knockout mouse is hypertensive in the absence of significant changes in renal function. Sympathetic tone is increased as evidenced by elevated plasma and urine catecholamines. Studies in humans with resistant hypertension indicate that plasma renalase levels are inversely associated with systolic blood pressure. Additionally, a functional mutation in renalase (Glu37Asp), known to be associated with essential hypertension, also predicts more severe cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Lastly, a single dose of recombinant renalase administered subcutaneously to rats with chronic kidney disease or to Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone rats significantly decreases blood pressure for more than 24 h. Available data suggest that renalase deficiency is associated with increased sympathetic tone and resistant hypertension, and recombinant renalase is a potent antihypertensive agent that may provide a valuable option for treating hypertension in chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208029, New Haven, CT 06520-8029, USA. gary.desir@yale.edu
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; C521557:renalase; D004298:Dopamine