title: Determinants of work disability in patients with systemic sclerosis: a longitudinal study of the GENISOS cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence, correlates, and predictors of work disability (WD) in the Genetics versus ENvironment In Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS). We hypothesized that WD in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a function of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled in the GENISOS cohort were subdivided in 3 groups: work disabled, working, and retired or homemakers. The latter group (n = 29) was excluded from further analysis. We used logistic regression analysis with a forward hierarchical variable selection strategy to investigate the independent correlates of WD at enrollment. Cox regression proportional Hazard's model with a similar variable selection strategy was utilized to determine the predictors of WD in those working at enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 284 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years and disease duration of 2.5 (±1.6) years were enrolled into the GENISOS cohort, consisting of 83.5% female, 46.8% white, 28.9% Hispanic, and 20.4% African American. Patients were longitudinally followed in 1438 study visits. At enrollment, 124 patients (43.7%) were work disabled, whereas 131 (46.1%) were working. Lower level of education (P < 0.001), higher Medsger Lung Severity Index (P = 0.012), higher Fatigue Severity Score (P = 0.008), and less social support (P < 0.001) correlated independently with WD. Of those working at baseline, 35 (26.7%) eventually developed WD. Non-white ethnicity (P = 0.038), lower DLCO % predicted value (P = 0.038), and higher Fatigue Severity Score (P = 0.009) at enrollment independently predicted WD on follow-up visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WD is a major problem among SSc patients and its prevalence is substantially higher than other rheumatic conditions. Demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors correlate with WD cross-sectionally and predict WD longitudinally in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. roozbeh.sharif@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Roozbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharif
authors.forename: Maureen D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: Perry M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nicassio
authors.forename: Emilio B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Draeger
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McNearney
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Estrada-Y-Martin
authors.forename: Deepthi K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reveille
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Shervin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Assassi
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011584:Psychology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation