title: Potassium deficiency affects water status and photosynthetic rate of the vegetative sink in green house tomato prior to its effects on source activity.
abstract: The potassium requirement of green house tomatoes is very high for vegetative growth and fruit production. Potassium deficiency in plants takes long time for expression of visible symptoms. The objective of this study is to detect the deficiency early during the vegetative growth and define the roles of aquaporin and K-channel transporters in the process of regulation of water status and source-sink relationship. The tomato plants were grown hydroponically inside green house of Hiroshima University, Japan and subjected to different levels of K in the rooting medium. Potassium deficiency stress decreased photosynthesis, expansion and transport of ¹⁴C assimilates of the source leaf, but the effects became evident only after diameter expansion of the growing stem (sink) was down-regulated. The depression of stem diameter expansion is assumed to be associated with the suppression of water supply more than photosynthate supply to the organ. The stem diameter expansion is parameterized by root water uptake and leaf transpiration rates. The application of aquaporin inhibitor (AgNO₃) decreased leaf water potential, stem expansion and root hydraulic conductance within minutes of application. Similar results were obtained for application of the K-channel inhibitors. These observations suggested a close relationship between stem diameter expansion and activities of aquaporins and K-channel transporters in roots. The deficiency of potassium might have reduced aquaporin activity, consequently suppressing root hydraulic conductance and water supply to the growing stem for diameter expansion and leaf for transpiration. We conclude that close coupling between aquaporins and K-channel transporters in water uptake of roots is responsible for regulation of stem diameter dynamics of green house tomato plants.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
authors.forename: Synsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Reda E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Moghaieb
authors.forename: Hany A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Shemy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panigrahi
authors.forename: Pravat K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mohapatra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Nguyen T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saneoka
authors.forename: Kounosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D020346:Aquaporins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D018533:Biomass; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D018527:Hydroponics; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000378:metabolism; D018526:Plant Transpiration / Q000502:physiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D011188:Potassium