title: Matrix metalloproteinase activity causes VEGFR-2 cleavage and microvascular rarefaction in rat mesentery.
abstract: A complication of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is microvascular rarefaction, defined by the loss of microvessels. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain incompletely identified. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a role by cleavage of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). In order to further delineate the role for MMPs in microvascular rarefaction, the objective of the current study was to examine the relationship in the same tissue between MMP activity, VEGFR-2 cleavage and rarefaction. Using an in vivo microzymographic technique, we show significantly enhanced levels of MMP-1, -1/-9, -7, and -8 activities, but not MMP-2 and -3 activities, along mesenteric microvessels of the SHR compared to its normotensive control, Wistar Kyoto rat. Based on immunohistochemical methods, the SHR exhibited a decreased labeling of the extracellular, but not the intracellular, domain of VEGFR-2 along mesenteric microvessels. Chronic MMP inhibition served to attenuate VEGFR-2 cleavage and microvascular network rarefaction in the SHR mesentery. These results spatially link MMP-induced VEGFR-2 cleavage and rarefaction in the mesentery of the SHR and thus support the hypothesis that MMPs serve as regulators of microvascular dysfunction in hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, The Whitaker Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Delano
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Murfee
authors.forename: Geert W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Schmid-Schönbein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006868:Hydrolysis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases