title: Nasal valve surgery.
abstract: Nasal obstruction can be due to internal and external valve problems that can be seen before and after rhinoplasty. The main scope of this article is to concentrate on surgical solutions to these problems. To overcome nasal obstruction at the internal valve, spreader grafts, spreader flaps, upper lateral splay graft, butterfly graft, flaring suture, M-plasty, Z-plasty, and suspension sutures have been described. The management of the external valve problems is possible by using lateral crural dissection and repositioning, lateral crural strut grafts, alar battens, lateral crural turn-in flap, alar rim grafts, and various other methods. It is not easy to decide which techniques would work best in every case. After a thorough examination and analysis, the underlying cause of the nasal obstruction can be understood, and one or multiple procedures can be chosen according to each individual problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. fazil.apayadin@ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Fazil
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Apaydin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*