title: The antioxidant and chlorogenic acid profiles of whole coffee fruits are influenced by the extraction procedures.
abstract: Commercial whole coffee fruit extracts and powder samples were analyzed for chlorogenic acids (CGA), caffeine and antioxidant activities. CGA and caffeine were characterized by LC-MS(n) and HPLC accordingly, and quantified by UV absorbance. ORAC, HORAC, NORAC, SORAC and SOAC (antioxidant capacities) were assessed. Three caffeoylquinic acids, three feruloylquinic acids, three dicaffeoylquinic acids, one p-coumaroylquinic acid, two caffeoylferuloylquinic acids and three putative chlorogenic lactones were quantified, along with a methyl ester of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (detected in one sample, the first such report in any coffee material). Multistep whole coffee fruit extracts displayed higher CGA content than single-step extracts, freeze-dried, or air-dried whole raw fruits. Caffeine in multistep extracts was lower than in the single-step extracts and powders. Antioxidant activity in whole coffee fruit extracts was up to 25-fold higher than in powders dependent upon the radical. Total antioxidant activity of samples displayed strong correlation to CGA content.
authors.affiliation: College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stalmach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Combet
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid