title: Spousal associations between functional limitation and depressive symptom trajectories: Longitudinal findings from the study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine spousal associations between functional limitation and depressive symptom trajectories in a national sample of older long-term married couples.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 14.5-year longitudinal data on functional limitations and depressive symptoms from 1,704 couples participating in the Study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Activities of daily living and a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-person difference findings corroborate previous research by showing that levels and changes in functional limitations and depressive symptoms are closely interrelated among wives and husbands. Our results further demonstrate sizable associations in levels and changes in functional limitations and depressive symptoms between spouses. For example, functional limitation levels in one spouse were associated with depressive symptom levels in the other spouse. Spousal associations remained after controlling for individual (age, education, cognition) and spousal covariates (marriage duration, number of children) and did not differ between women and men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the important role of marital relationships in shaping health trajectories in old age because they show that some of the well-documented between-person differences in functional limitations and depressive symptoms are in fact related to spouses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4. choppmann@psych.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Christiane A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hoppmann
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gerstorf
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hibbert
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States