title: [Biological characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into chondrogenic and osteogenic cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCS) from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly and their biological identities, and explore the possibility of inducing human umbilical cord-derived MSCS to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hUCMSCs were isolated form human umbilical cord by tissue adherence and digested with collagenase NB4, dispase II and hyaluronidase. The morphology, proliferation and immunophenotype of the 3rd passage cells were analyzed, and then the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was tested and evaluated by specific staining methods.cells were induced to chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isolation of hUCMSCs by digestion with collagenase NB4, dispase II and hyaluronidase was efficient. After seeded for 24 hours, the adherent cells showed spindle shape and fibroblast cell-like shape and the size of hUCMSCs was homogeneous. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the hUCMSCs were positive for CD44, CD105, CD90, CD73, but were negative for CD45, CD34, CD14, CD19 and HLA-DR. These cells could be induced to differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic cells under proper inducing conditions. The hUCMSCs retained the appearance and phenotype even after being expanded more than 40 passages in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The human MSCs could be isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly, and it was easy to propagate these MSCs. An in vitro method for isolation and purification of hUCMSCs from human umbilical cord has been established. The cultured cells were composed of only undifferentiated cells and their biological properties were stable. The hUCMSCs are expected to be a new type of stem cells of tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jia-Xue
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuang-Hai
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ji-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000166:cytology