title: A dried tofu-supplemented diet affects mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in human blood.
abstract: In order to develop a new model of diet research, blood was drawn from 12 adult volunteers for 3 wk on regular diets as controls, and for a subsequent 3 wk supplemented with 18.5 g of freeze-dried tofu (Koya tofu) every day. Triplicate aliquots of 0.06 mL each of whole blood were stimulated ex vivo with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-P, heat aggregated human IgG (HAG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan A, and anti-T cell receptor (TCR) monoclonal antibody to activate specific subsets of leukocytes, then the levels of various inflammatory cytokine mRNA were quantified by real time PCR. Koya tofu significantly (p<0.05) augmented the fold increase of PHA-induced tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) 15, IL6, and IL8, HAG-induced TNFSF15 and IL8, LPS-induced IL6 and IL8, zymosan-induced TNFSF15, IL6 and IL8, and TCR-induced TNFSF2 in comparison to the regular diet. Such increase was due to the reduction of baseline mRNA expression, not the enhancement of mRNA induction after specific stimulations. Six (TNFSF15), 4 (IL6), and 3 (IL10) subjects showed significant reduction of baseline mRNA during the Koya tofu diet compared to that of the control diet. Despite large individual-to-individual and day-to-day variation of mRNA, the method employed in this study was sensitive enough to identify statistically significant results as a group as well as on an individual basis, which will be a foundation for tailored diet in the future. The results also indicated that Koya tofu had a power to alter mRNA expression in leukocytes, and TNFSF15, IL6, and IL10 would be biomarkers for soy.
authors.affiliation: Hitachi Chemical Research Center, Inc., Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kainuma
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yohda
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D045730:Soy Foods; D013025:Glycine max; D055815:Young Adult; D015054:Zymosan
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C028784:phytohemagglutinin-P; D015054:Zymosan