title: Does scapular elevation occur with glenohumeral flexion and abduction? A study through open magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to reveal whether there is an elevation in scapula during flexion and abduction of the glenohumeral joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first stage of our study 32 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The mobility of the scapular notch was examined using open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assay when the glenohumeral joint was in flexion in the first group (5 males, 10 females; mean age 21.1 years; range 18 to 24 years) and in abduction in the second group (8 males, 9 females; mean age 22.1 years; range 18 to 27 years) and the motion range was found to be between 0 and 150 degrees. In the second stage of our study, the mobilities of the scapular notch was examined on autopsy during passive humeral mobility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the open MRI results, there was no elevation or depression during the passive flexion and abduction of the glenohumeral joint. While the scapular notch migrated slightly to the medial side during abduction of the glenohumeral joint, it did not move during flexion. Also in an autopsy study, we observed that scapula did not move in vertical direction during the glenohumeral abduction and flexion mobilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no vertical mobility in the scapula during glenohumeral flexion and abduction. Also, there is no medial mobility during flexion except during abduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medicine Faculty of Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cetin Lütfi
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hallaçeli
authors.forename: Metin Lütfi
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Baydar
authors.forename: Izge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Günal
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uzün
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oyar
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cavlak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012540:Scapula / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult