title: Homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease. The SMART-MR study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High homocysteine level is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and has been associated with lacunar infarcts (LIs), white matter lesions (WML) and cognitive dysfunction. It is unclear whether homocysteine is associated with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) on top of pre-existent atherosclerosis. We evaluated the association between homocysteine and cSVD in a large cohort of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the SMART-MR study, a prospective cohort study of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, we estimated cross-sectional associations of total plasma homocysteine (THCY) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) with WML volume and presence of LI, using automated brain segmentation in MRIs of 1232 patients and cognitive function in 763 patients. WML were expressed as a logarithmic transformed percentage of total brain volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, vascular risk factors and extent of atherosclerosis showed that THCY and HHCY were significantly associated with larger WML volumes (B=0.01%: 95% CI 0.002-0.02%, and B=0.21%: 95% CI 0.04-0.39%). Increasing THCY was significantly associated with an increased risk of LIs (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, per 1 μmol). Moreover, HHCY was associated with worse cognitive function (B=-0.12: 95% CI -0.22 to -0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, higher homocysteine levels are associated with higher WML volume, presence of LI and slightly worse cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Raoul P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kloppenborg
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nederkoorn
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: Mirjam I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Geerlings
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine