title: Disruption of emotion and conflict processing in HIV infection with and without alcoholism comorbidity.
abstract: Alcoholism and HIV-1 infection each affect components of selective attention and cognitive control that may contribute to deficits in emotion processing based on closely interacting fronto-parietal attention and frontal-subcortical emotion systems. Here, we investigated whether patients with alcoholism, HIV-1 infection, or both diseases have greater difficulty than healthy controls in resolving conflict from emotional words with different valences. Accordingly, patients with alcoholism (ALC, n = 20), HIV-1 infection (HIV, n = 20), ALC + HIV comorbidity (n = 22), and controls (CTL, n = 16) performed an emotional Stroop Match-to-Sample task, which assessed the contribution of emotion (happy, angry) to cognitive control (Stroop conflict processing). ALC + HIV showed greater Stroop effects than HIV, ALC, or CTL for negative (ANGRY) but not for positive (HAPPY) words, and also when the cue color did not match the Stroop stimulus color; the comorbid group performed similarly to the others when cue and word colors matched. Furthermore, emotionally salient face cues prolonged color-matching responses in all groups. HIV alone, compared with the other three groups, showed disproportionately slowed color-matching time when trials featured angry faces. The enhanced Stroop effects prominent in ALC + HIV suggest difficulty in exercising attentional top-down control on processes that consume attentional capacity, especially when cognitive effort is required to ignore negative emotions.
authors.affiliation: 1SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, California.
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.affiliation: 1SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, California.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Müller-Oehring
authors.affiliation: 1SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, California.
authors.forename: Edith V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: 1SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, California.
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfefferbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003463:Cues; D005145:Face; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic