title: An anatomical study of the saphenous nerve, artery, and artery perforators within the thigh using cadaveric dissection.
abstract: Although the saphenous flap has been used in reconstruction as a free flap, there has not yet been an anatomic study about the perforators of the saphenous artery. The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomy of the saphenous artery and the number and locations of its perforators. We dissected parts of 10 legs from 5 cadavers. Measurements of the positions of the dissected saphenous arteries and their perforators were taken from the medial epicondyle of the femur. We observed the origin, end point, and the diameter of each of the arteries, and we investigated the numbers and locations of both septocutaneous and musculocutaneous perforators. The average length of saphenous artery was 14.8 cm, and it was located 12.0 cm above the medial epicondyle of the femur. The average diameter was 1.63 mm. A median average of 4 perforators branched out from a single saphenous artery. There was a median average of 2 septocutaneous perforators and 2 musculocutaneous perforators from the saphenous artery. The perforators were mainly located at 7 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle of the femur. The saphenous artery has many perforators and is therefore useful as the pedicle of the perforator flap. The saphenous artery perforator flap can be designed within 7 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle of the femur. Our results may be helpful in the applications of the neurocutaneous flap using the saphenous artery or the perforator flap based on septocutaneous perforators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Dermatological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: San Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Suk Wha
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Lianji
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chul-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Ki Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dae Gu
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Jun Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rhie
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation*