title: A broad-spectrum sunscreen prevents UVA radiation-induced gene expression in reconstructed skin in vitro and in human skin in vivo.
abstract: The efficacy of sunscreens to protect against ultraviolet (UV) A radiation is usually assessed by measuring erythema formation and pigmentation. The biological relevance of these endpoints for UVA-induced skin damage, however, is not known. We therefore carried out two complementary studies to determine UVA protection provided by a broad-spectrum sunscreen product at a molecular level by studying UVA radiation-induced gene expression. One study was performed on human reconstructed skin in vitro with a semi-global gene expression analysis of 227 genes in fibroblasts and 244 in keratinocytes. The second one was conducted in vivo in human volunteers and focused on genes involved in oxidative stress response and photo-ageing (haeme oxygenase-1, superoxide dismutase-2, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, matrix metalloproteinase-1). In-vitro UVA radiation induced modulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis, oxidative stress, heat shock responses, cell growth, inflammation and epidermal differentiation. Sunscreen pre-application abrogated or significantly reduced these effects, as underlined by unsupervised clustering analysis. The in vivo study confirmed that the sunscreen prevented UVA radiation-induced transcriptional expression of the five studied genes. These findings indicate the high efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen in protecting human skin against UVA-induced gene responses and suggest that this approach is a biologically relevant complement to existing methods.
authors.affiliation: L'Oréal Recherche, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marionnet
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grether-Beck
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seité
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaenicke
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bastien
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rougier
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernerd
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krutmann
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; C522360:MMP1 protein, human