title: Anxiety and depression severity are related to right but not left onset Parkinson's disease duration.
abstract: Depression and anxiety have both been associated with relative left frontal hypoactivation and the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease typically begin in a lateral or asymmetrical fashion. Hence, PD patients with right hemibody onset may experience heightened depression and anxiety. However, research is mixed regarding whether right or left hemibody onset PD is associated with elevated levels of depression and anxiety. This literature, though, has not considered the potential moderating variable of disease duration. We hypothesized that disease duration would be positively correlated with measures of depression and anxiety in right but not left hemibody onset PD patients. The results indicated that scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the State Trait Anxiety Scale - State correlated positively with disease duration, but only in the right hemibody onset group of PD patients. Thus, right hemibody onset PD is associated with more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, but only when disease duration is considered.
authors.affiliation: Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Psychology, 1500 Greenland Drive, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA. paul.foster@neurology.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Crucian
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Brian V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Shenal
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skoblar
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Heilman
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors