title: Microbiologic results after non-surgical erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser or air-abrasive treatment of peri-implantitis: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to assess clinical and microbiologic effects of the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions using either an erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser or an air-abrasive subgingival polishing method.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 6-month clinical trial, 42 patients with peri-implantitis were treated at one time with an Er:YAG laser or an air-abrasive device. Routine clinical methods were used to monitor clinical conditions. Baseline and 6-month intraoral radiographs were assessed with a software program. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method was used to assess 74 bacterial species from the site with the deepest probing depth (PD) at the implant. Non-parametric tests were applied to microbiology data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD reductions (mean ± SD) were 0.9 ± 0.8 mm and 0.8 ± 0.5 mm in the laser and air-abrasive groups, respectively (not significant). No baseline differences in bacterial counts between groups were found. In the air-abrasive group, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus anaerobius were found at lower counts at 1 month after therapy (P <0.001) and with lower counts in the laser group for Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme (P = 0.002), and Fusobacterium nucleatum nucleatum (P = 0.002). Both treatments failed to reduce bacterial counts at 6 months. Porphyromonas gingivalis counts were higher in cases with progressive peri-implantitis (P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 1 month, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. anaerobius were reduced in the air-abrasive group, and Fusobacterium spp. were reduced in the laser group. Six-month data demonstrated that both methods failed to reduce bacterial counts. Clinical improvements were limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: G Rutger
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roos-Jansåker
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renvert
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000382:microbiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000145:classification; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome