title: Resveratrol inhibits VEGF expression of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through a NF-kappa B-mediated mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytochemical present in berries, grapes, and wine, has emerged as a promising chemopreventive candidate. The aim of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore its mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  VEGF protein was detected by western blot, whereas VEGF mRNA expression was investigated by RT-PCR. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Xenograft sections were stained for CD34 to study microvessels in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that VEGF protein and mRNA expressions in the cells treated with resveratrol were significantly decreased. The activation of NF-kappa B was also intensely inhibited by resveratrol. Growth of tumours in nude mice was inhibited by resveratrol. Microvessel density was decreased with resveratrol treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inhibitory effect of resveratrol on VEGF activity may occur partly through suppression of the activation of NF-kappa B in HepG2 cells. Resveratrol also significantly inhibited tumour growth and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: De-Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Huan-Zhou
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Cheng-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Si-Hai
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013267:Stilbenes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077185:Resveratrol