title: Treatment options for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.
abstract: Treatment options for patients with relapsed myeloma have benefited from the development of new targeted agents. The use of bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide have dramatically changed outcomes for patients with relapsed myeloma. New agents are also in development, on the basis of preclinical rationale, as well as combinations of conventional and novel agents. Together each of these treatment approaches are being tested in phase I, II, and III clinical trials, with the goal of prolonged duration of remission and, ultimately, improved overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. sloni01@emory.edu
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lonial
authors.forename: Constantine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000077269:Lenalidomide