title: Determination method for xylidines in workplace air.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research was to develop a determination method for xylidines (XLDs) in workplace air for risk assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The characteristics of the proposed method, such as recovery, detection limit, reproducibility, and storage stability of the samples were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An air sampler cassette containing two sulfuric acid-treated glass fiber filters was chosen as the sampler. The XLDs were extracted from the sampler filters, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and then analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer. The average recoveries of XLDs from the spiked sampler were 83-101% for personal exposure monitoring. The recovery after 5 days of storage in a refrigerator exceeded 90%. The overall limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.600 g/sample. The relative standard deviation, which represents the overall reproducibility defined as precision, was 0.8-10.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed method enables 4-hour personal exposure monitoring of XLDs at concentrations equaling 0.001-2 times the threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA: 0.5 ppm) adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, and is useful for estimating worker exposure to XLDs.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Occupational Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan. a-takeuchi@jisha.or.jp
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Tsutoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaifuku
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakui
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsumeda
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurotani
authors.forename: Kimiaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumino
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanno
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D020711:Threshold Limit Values
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000814:Aniline Compounds; C009694:2,4-xylidine; C016835:2,5-xylidene; C018691:3,4-xylidine