title: Rehabilitation with mental practice has similar effects on mobility as rehabilitation with relaxation in people with Parkinson's disease: a multicentre randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Is mental practice embedded in standard physiotherapy compared with relaxation embedded in standard physiotherapy more effective at improving mobility tasks in people with Parkinson's disease in the community? Does disease severity influence the treatment effect?
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  People with Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a six-week intervention period, both groups received physiotherapy as usual with the addition of either mental practice (experimental group) or relaxation (control group). Imagery skills were taught using a four-step protocol. Movement imagery (in thought) and the performance of motor activities were combined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were assessed at six weeks and three months with: the patient- and therapist-perceived effect on walking performance (visual analogue scale), the Timed Up and Go test, and the 10 m Walk test. Primary analysis was performed using intention-totreat and was repeated as a per-protocol analysis, and as a sub-group analysis of participants with Hoehn and Yahr stage of less than 3. Generalised estimating equations were used to analyse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  47 participants were assigned to the control (n = 22) and experimental (n = 25) groups. No effect in favour of the mental practice intervention on any outcome measure could be detected at any of the measurement points. In the sub-group analysis of participants with milder disease, the experimental group improved more than the control group but this was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we did not find differences between embedded mental practice and relaxation with current standard of care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nederlands Trial Register: NTR1735.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Autonomy and Participation of People with a Chronic Disease, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands. s.braun@hszuyd.nl
authors.forename: Susy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beurskens
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleynen
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schols
authors.forename: Derick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome