title: Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage I nonseminomatous germ cell testis tumors: the first case series in Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) as an approach for management of low-stage nonseminomatous germ cell testis tumors (NSGCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2002 and December 2008, 19 patients with stage I NSGCT underwent RPLND in our center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operation time was 340 minutes (range, 250 to 360 minutes). Procedure in 2 (10.5%) patients was converted to open. Four (21%) patients had tumors with pure histopathology while other 15 (79%) had mixed histopathology. The mean number of removed lymph nodes was 11 (range, 6 to 14). Pathology revealed lymph node involvement in 8 (42%) patients, including 6 (75%) viable tumors and 2 (25%) teratoma. After on average 47-month follow-up (range, 3 to 70 months), recurrence occurred in 2 (10.5%) patients, who underwent open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy, and surgical pathology revealed teratoma in one and fibrotic tissue in another. No patient developed systematic metastasis during followup period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that compared with open surgery, RPLND has same oncologic outcome, but lower, and can be recommended for management of patients with low stage NSGCT.
authors.affiliation: Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. samziaee@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Seyed Amir Mohsen
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ziaee
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabibi
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sharifiaghdas
authors.forename: Seyyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ghahestani
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zare
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samzadeh
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*