title: Characterizing pre-dialysis care in the era of eGFR reporting: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Primary care physicians (PCPs) care for the majority of pre-dialysis CKD patients; however, PCPs often do not recognize the presence of CKD based on serum creatinine levels. Prior studies suggest that PCPs and nephrologists deliver suboptimal CKD care. One strategy to improve disease awareness and treatment is estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reporting. We examined PCP and nephrologist CKD practices before and after routine eGFR reporting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with CKD 3b-4 (eGFR < 45) seen at a university-based, outpatient primary care clinic. Using a chi-square or Fisher's exact test, we compared co-management rates, renal protective strategies, CKD documentation, and laboratory processes of care in 274 patients and 266 patients seen in a 6-month period prior to and following eGFR implementation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CKD co-management increased from 22.6% pre-eGFR to 48.5% post-eGFR (P < 0.0001). eGFR reporting did not improve angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use or quantitative urinary testing. However, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug avoidance (pre-eGFR 81.8% vs. post- eGFR 90.6%, P = 0.003) and phosphorus and parathyroid hormone testing improved (pre-eGFR vs. post-eGFR: 32.5% vs. 51.5%, P < 0.0001; 12.4% vs. 36.1%, P < 0.0001 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A marked increase in CKD co-management was observed following eGFR implementation. Although some improvements in processes of care were noted, this did not include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use. Overall care remained suboptimal despite eGFR reporting; further strategies are needed to improve PCP and nephrologist CKD care.
authors.affiliation: Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. abdelkaderk@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdel-Kader
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Charity G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Unruh
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009398:Nephrology; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D010820:Physicians; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies