title: Requisite considerations for successful adoptive immunotherapy with engineered T-lymphocytes using tumor antigen-specific T-cell receptor gene transfer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although engineered T-cell-based antitumor immunotherapy using tumor-antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is undoubtedly a promising strategy, a number of studies have revealed that it has several drawbacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review covers selected articles detailing recent progress in this field, not only for solid tumors, but also for leukemias. In terms of achieving uniform therapeutic quality of TCR gene-modified T cells as an 'off-the-shelf' product, the authors abstract and discuss the requisite conditions for successful outcome, including: i) the optimal target choice reflecting the specificity of the introduced TCR, ii) the quality and quantity of expressed TCRs in gene-modified T cells, and additional genetic modification reflecting enhanced antitumor functionality, and iii) 'on-' and 'off-target' adverse events caused by the quality of the introduced TCRs and other adverse events related to genetic modification itself. Readers will be able to readily abstract recent advances in TCR gene-transferred T-cell therapy, centering notably on efforts to obtain uniformity in the therapeutic functionality of engineered T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Harmonizing the functionality and target specificity of TCR will allow the establishment of clinically useful adoptive immunotherapy in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791 0295, Japan. yunarief@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasukawa
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell