title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage patients' fears of recurrence are related to the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients illustrate a chronic fear of recurrence. A third of patients develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after SAH, and PTSD after other conditions is associated with a more negative outlook on life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether recurrence fears are related to PTSD and whether this is associated with the patients making more negative health appraisals. We also examined the helpfulness of current treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two SAH samples were generated. Sample 1 (n = 82) was assessed 13 months after ictus for PTSD, cognition, fear of recurrence, and beliefs concerning future health. Sample 2 (n = 60) was assessed 18 months after ictus for PTSD and to determine how much current treatments increased their confidence about not having another SAH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four percent of sample 1 had PTSD. Although clinically and cognitively comparable, PTSD patients feared recurrence more and were comparatively more pessimistic about their chances of further SAH. Thirty-six percent of sample 2 had PTSD. These most fearful patients reported finding current treatments the least helpful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fear of recurrence after SAH is related to PTSD. Participants with PTSD were more pessimistic about their future health. Treatment for PTSD could alleviate fears of SAH recurrence and promote better outcome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. adam.noble@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baisch
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukerji
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schenk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*