title: Identification of autoantibody biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome using protein microarrays.
abstract: Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease primarily affecting women. Diagnosis of SS requires an invasive salivary gland tissue biopsy and a long delay from the start of the symptoms to final diagnosis has been frequently observed. In this study,we aim to identify salivary autoantibody biomarkers for primary SS (pSS) using a protein microarray approach. Immune-response protoarrays were used to profile saliva autoantibodies from patients with pSS (n = 514), patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE, n = 513), and healthy control subjects (n = 513). We identified 24 potential autoantibody biomarkers that can discriminate patients with pSS from both patients with SLE and healthy individuals. Four saliva autoantibody biomarkers, anti-transglutaminase, anti-histone, anti-SSA, and anti-SSB, were further tested in independent pSS (n = 534), SLE (n = 534), and healthy control (n = 534) subjects and all were successfully validated with ELISA. This study has demonstrated the potential of a high-throughput protein microarray approach for the discovery of autoantibody biomarkers. The identified saliva autoantibody biomarkers may lead to a clinical tool for simple, noninvasive detection of pSS at low cost.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shenhu@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vissink
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roozendaal
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Cees G M
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kallenberg
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006657:Histones / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D016111:Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D006657:Histones; C035356:SS-A antibodies; C035357:SS-B antibodies; D011503:Transglutaminases