title: Decreased interleukin-10 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five children with IBS (17 diarrhea-predominant, 7 constipation-predominant, and 11 mixed type) and 25 healthy children as healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. All of the participants completed a questionnaire recording the duration, severity, and associated academic and social influences. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured for 24 hours with and without 1 or 5 ng/mL Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine production including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with IBS revealed lower baseline and significantly lower IL-10 levels after LPS stimulation compared with HCs (P = 0.001). Although not to a significant level, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were higher in children with IBS compared with HCs. The IL-10 levels in patients with IBS with strong pain intensity were lower both in baseline and under 1 ng/mL LPS stimulation. The levels became significantly lower under 5 ng/mL LPS stimulation compared with those experiencing mild and moderate pain intensity (P = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that children with IBS tend to produce lower amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 at baseline and after LPS stimulation, implying that defects in immune modulation may contribute to IBS in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Man-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Ming-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Tsung-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jing-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shu-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10