title: A simple and novel method for recovering adenovirus 41 in small volumes of source water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new procedure was developed to recover adenovirus 41 in small volumes (1 l) of water samples based on adsorption, elution and evaporation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One litre of source water seeded with adenovirus 41 was adjusted to pH 3·5 and filtered using a large pore size (8·0 μm) negatively charged membrane filter (SCWP, 47 mm diameter, made of mixed-cellulose esters). Then, the filter was eluted using 4 ml of 1·5% beef extract plus 0·75% glycerol (pH 9·0). The eluate was reconcentrated to 0·1 ml or less volumes through evaporation assisted with air flow and heating at 55°C. Recovery of adenovirus 41 reached 55% under tested conditions and reduced filtration time by 85% in contrast to the widely used small pore size filter (0·45 μm pore size, 47 mm diameter). Reconcentration by evaporation achieved approx. 86·8% recovery from source water in approx. 1 h at no cost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The virus concentration method developed in this study is simple and cost-effective and can be used to efficiently recover adenovirus 41 from turbid water samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure developed can be applied to detect adenovirus 41 in source water within hours of sampling. In addition, this is the first application of evaporation to concentrate viruses in water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sobsey
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000327:Adsorption; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D008828:Microbiological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014867:Water