title: Chemopreventive effect of dietary polyphenols in colorectal cancer cell lines.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most fatal and the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Despite having multifactorial causes, most CRC cases are mainly determined by dietary factors. In recent years, a large number of studies have attributed a protective effect to polyphenols and foods containing these compounds (fruits and vegetables) against CRC. Indeed, polyphenols have been reported to interfere with cancer initiation, promotion, and progression, acting as chemopreventive agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the main chemopreventive properties of some polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, chrysin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, catechin, resveratrol, and xanthohumol) against CRC, observed in cell culture models. From the data reviewed in this article, it can be concluded that these compounds inhibit cell growth, by inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis; inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis, and/or metastasis; and exhibit anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant effects. In turn, these effects involve multiple molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action, which are still not completely characterized. Thus, caution is mandatory when attempting to extrapolate the observations obtained in CRC cell line studies to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: João R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004032:Diet; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011427:Propiophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D011427:Propiophenones; D013267:Stilbenes; C043561:chrysin; D012431:Rutin; C040015:myricetin; D002392:Catechin; D011794:Quercetin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D000077185:Resveratrol; C104536:xanthohumol