title: Comparison of capillary whole blood versus venous plasma glucose estimations in screening for diabetes mellitus in epidemiological studies in developing countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study compared capillary blood glucose (CBG) measurements with venous plasma glucose (VPG) measurements in screening for diabetes and prediabetes in epidemiological studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred seven subjects ≥ 20 years old (54.1% male) without previously known diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance tests at a tertiary diabetes center in Chennai, India. Simultaneous measurements of CBG (OneTouch(®) Ultra(®) meter, LifeScan, a Johnson & Johnson Company, Milpitas, CA) and VPG (AU2700, Beckman, Fullerton, CA) were performed, both in the fasting state and 2 h after a 75-g glucose load (2-h post-glucose [PG]). Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were defined using American Diabetes Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean fasting CBG and VPG values were 122 ± 39 mg/dL and 115 ± 40 mg/dL, respectively, and the 2-h PG values were 203 ± 84 mg/dL and 176 ± 85 mg/dL, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient for CBG with VPG was 0.681 (P < 0.001) in the fasting state and 0.897 (P < 0.001) for the 2-h PG load, indicating good correlation between the two methods. Based on the ADA fasting criteria, 31.9% versus 21.1% (capillary vs. venous) had diabetes, whereas based on the WHO criteria, 43.2% versus 38.6% (capillary vs. venous) had diabetes. The accuracy of identifying diabetes was 83.3% by the ADA and 90.9% by WHO criteria, for IGT it was 85.3%, and for IFG it was 66.3% by the ADA and 72.2% by the WHO criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBG is a feasible alternative for screening of diabetes and IGT in epidemiological studies in developing countries where obtaining venous samples may be difficult.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, International Diabetes Federation Centre for Education, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Priya
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohan Anjana
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeepa
authors.forename: Ramamurthy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayashri
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deepa
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002196:Capillaries; D003906:Developing Countries; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014680:Veins; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose