title: The impact of out-migration on the nursing workforce in Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of out-migration on Kenya's nursing workforce.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed deidentified nursing data from the Kenya Health Workforce Informatics System, collected by the Nursing Council of Kenya and the Department of Nursing in the Ministry of Medical Services.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed trends in Kenya's nursing workforce from 1999 to 2007, including supply, deployment, and intent to out-migrate, measured by requests for verification of credentials from destination countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1999 to 2007, 6 percent of Kenya's nursing workforce of 41,367 nurses applied to out-migrate. Eighty-five percent of applicants were registered or B.Sc.N. prepared nurses, 49 percent applied within 10 years of their initial registration as a nurse, and 82 percent of first-time applications were for the United States or United Kingdom. For every 4.5 nurses that Kenya adds to its nursing workforce through training, 1 nurse from the workforce applies to out-migrate, potentially reducing by 22 percent Kenya's ability to increase its nursing workforce through training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse out-migration depletes Kenya's nursing workforce of its most highly educated nurses, reduces the percentage of younger nurses in an aging nursing stock, decreases Kenya's ability to increase its nursing workforce through training, and represents a substantial economic loss to the country.
authors.affiliation: Emory University Nurses Council of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. jessicamadigangross@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Martha F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Teplinskiy
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oywer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wambua
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamenju
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arudo
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rakuom
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiriinya
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waudo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009729:Nursing; D057766:Policy; D011057:Politics; D000078329:Workforce; D055815:Young Adult