title: GammadeltaT cells in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: higher percentages of synovial Vdelta1+ and Vgamma9+ T cell subsets are associated with milder disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze γδT cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to correlate γδT cell subsets with clinical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  γδT cell subsets as percentages of CD3+ T cells in samples of PB (n = 25) and SF (n = 93) were analyzed by flow cytometry in 93 JIA patients. The percentage of Vγ9+ γδT cells after 10 days of in vitro expansion with either interleukin 2 (IL-2) or isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) plus IL-2 was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Vδ1+ and Vγ9+ γδT cell subsets were detected in SF of all patients, but only the percentage of Vδ1+ cells was higher in SF compared to PB (p < 0.01). The distribution of γδT cell subsets was similar in different JIA subgroups, whereas antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive patients had a higher percentage of SF Vδ1+ T cells than ANA-negative patients (p < 0.01). The percentage of SF Vδ1+ T cells was inversely associated with age at onset, recurrence of synovitis, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and that of SF Vγ9+ T cells was inversely correlated with age at onset and was higher in patients who recovered from disease (n = 15). IPP-induced expansion of SF Vγ9+ T cells correlated with disease remission, whereas the expansion of SF Vγ9+ T cells in media with IL-2 alone was significantly greater in patients with uveitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percentage of Vδ1+ and Vγ9+ γδT cells among the SF T cells and their ability to respond to IPP or IL-2 correlated with specific outcomes of JIA, suggesting their role in the immunopathogenesis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621 Israel. berkun@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Yackov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berkun
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bendersky
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerstein
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Padeh
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bank
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D045782:Hemiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D011379:Prognosis; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D045782:Hemiterpenes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; C004809:isopentenyl pyrophosphate; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor