title: Anger self-management training for people with traumatic brain injury:  a preliminary investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : To examine the feasibility and gather preliminary data on the efficacy of a fully manualized, 8-session, psychoeducational treatment for irritability and anger after traumatic brain injury (TBI), called anger self-management training (ASMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  : A total of 10 persons with moderate to severe, chronic TBI with significant cognitive impairment and elevated levels of anger and irritability participated in the study; 8 had significant others (SOs) who participated in portions of the treatment and provided pre- and posttreatment measures; 1 SO provided only data.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Two subscales of the State-Trait Anger Expression Scale-Revised and Brief Anger-Aggression Questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Pre- to posttreatment pilot study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : There was significant improvement on all 3 measures of self-reported anger, with large effect sizes (>1.0), and on 1 of 3 SO-reported scales. Qualitative feedback from participants was positive and dropout rate was low (1 of 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : The treatment model represented by the ASMT appears worthy of further study in persons with TBI who have both problematic anger and cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania 19027, USA. thart@einstein.edu
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Monica J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: Roland D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Maiuro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care; D055815:Young Adult