title: Purified mesenchymal stem cells are an efficient source for iPS cell induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by the forced expression of defined transcription factors. Although most somatic cells are capable of acquiring pluripotency with minimal gene transduction, the poor efficiency of cell reprogramming and the uneven quality of iPS cells are still important problems. In particular, the choice of cell type most suitable for inducing high-quality iPS cells remains unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we generated iPS cells from PDGFRα+ Sca-1+ (PαS) adult mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and PDGFRα⁻ Sca-1⁻ osteo-progenitors (OP cells), and compared the induction efficiency and quality of individual iPS clones. MSCs had a higher reprogramming efficiency compared with OP cells and Tail Tip Fibroblasts (TTFs). The iPS cells induced from MSCs by Oct3/4, Sox2, and Klf4 appeared to be the closest equivalent to ES cells by DNA microarray gene profile and germline-transmission efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that a purified source of undifferentiated cells from adult tissue can produce high-quality iPS cells. In this context, prospectively enriched MSCs are a promising candidate for the efficient generation of high-quality iPS cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunimichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niibe
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Sadafumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimmura
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sunabori
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Taneaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D002678:Chimera; D002999:Clone Cells; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005854:Germ Cells; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D011691:Puromycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011691:Puromycin