title: The impact of hyperemesis gravidarum on maternal mental health and maternal-fetal attachment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to physical health risks, it has been postulated that hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) - severe and persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy - can adversely affect maternal mental health and maternal-fetal attachment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective case-control design was used to compare psychological distress, social functioning and maternal-fetal attachment in 32 women with HG compared to 41 matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results suggested that while HG compromised some aspects of attachment early in pregnancy (7-16 weeks gestation), this negative effect was clinically small and had faded by follow-up (after 26 weeks gestation). Comparisons did, however, show more significant and persisting psychological distress for those who had HG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women with HG appear to be at elevated risk of mental health difficulties during pregnancy, even when the symptoms of HG resolve. The development of a targeted intervention specifically designed to treat mental health difficulties associated with HG is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland. dmccormack04@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scott-Heyes
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: McCusker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D033261:Maternal-Fetal Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D008603:Mental Health; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires