title: Combined liver-kidney transplantation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been a major global health problem for almost 3 decades, with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996 and effective prophylaxis and management of opportunistic infections, mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has decreased markedly. In developed countries, this condition is now being treated as a chronic condition. As a result, rates of morbidity and mortality from other medical conditions leading to end-stage liver, kidney, and heart disease are steadily increasing in individuals with HIV. Because the definitive treatment for end-stage organ failure is transplantation, the demand for it has increased among HIV-infected patients. For these reasons, many transplant centers have eliminated HIV infection as a contraindication to transplantation, as a result of better patient management and demand.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. f.diben@virgilio.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Benedetto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Ruvo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cocchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montalti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cautero
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ballarin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tarantino
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baisi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Codeluppi
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gerunda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents