title: Adolescent acceptance of pain: confirmatory factor analysis and further validation of the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire, adolescent version.
abstract: Preliminary reports suggest that acceptance of pain is an important construct when assessing and treating adolescents with chronic pain. Although the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Adolescent version (CPAQ-A) appears to be a promising tool, it has been evaluated in only 1 study. The current results present a confirmatory analysis of the CPAQ-A and validity data collected independently from the developers of the scale. A sample of 109 adolescents with chronic pain completed the CPAQ-A, as well as measures of pain characteristics, functional impairment, depression, anxiety, and pain self-efficacy. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicate the previously reported 2-factor solution provides a good fit to the data, and has acceptable internal consistency. The CPAQ-A correlated strongly with disability, depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy. It correlated only moderately with pain intensity and was not correlated with pain frequency or duration of pain. When entered last into a hierarchical regression model predicting disability, acceptance accounted for more variance than pain intensity, depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy. Results supported the internal consistency and validity of the CPAQ-A as a measure of pain acceptance in this sample of adolescents with chronic pain. Use of the CPAQ-A may provide valuable insight into the manner in which adolescents adapt to chronic pain and can guide acceptance-based treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article strengthens the psychometric support for a measure of chronic pain acceptance in adolescents. Acceptance-based treatment has been shown to reduce disability in preliminary research targeting adolescents with chronic pain; the CPAQ-A may be useful for assessing the degree to which acceptance-based approaches may be indicated for a given patient.
authors.affiliation: Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Developmental and Behavioral Sciences, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA. dpwallace@cmh.edu
authors.forename: Dustin P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harbeck-Weber
authors.forename: Stephen P H
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Whiteside
authors.forename: Tracy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires