title: Comparison of 7.0-T T₂*-magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral bleeds in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer patients with their neuropathological correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In view of the increasing recognition of cerebral microbleeds (MCBs) with MRI, there is a need to validate their detection in post-mortem brains in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 20 post-mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer dementia and with different cerebrovascular lesions, 45 large sections of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum were submitted to a 7.0-T T₂*-weighted MRI, and afterwards compared to the histological detection of haematomas, MCBs and mini-bleeds (MNBs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value of the T₂* imaging to detect MCBs and MNBs were excellent for those in the cortico-subcortical regions. There was a significant overestimation of MNBs in the striatum due to iron deposits unrelated to old haemorrhages. Also in the deep white matter, 42% of MNBs were not detected, while 31% of T₂* hyposignals were not due to MNBs but to vessels filled with post-mortem thrombi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When evaluating the 'bleeding load' with 7.0-T T₂*-weighted MRI in post-mortem brain sections of patients with dementia and vascular risk factors, only quantification of small cerebral bleeds in the cortico-subcortical regions is reliable.
authors.affiliation: Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, EA 1056, Lille, France. dereuck.j@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Reuck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deramecourt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Durieux
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasquier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordet
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maurage
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leys
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D001344:Autopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000473:pathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007501:Iron