title: Under- and over-reporting of energy intake in slovenian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine under- and over-reporting of energy intake (EI) among adolescents and to compare relative food and nutrient intakes of under-reporters (UR), over-reporters (OR), and the whole population to acceptable reporters (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  All adolescents completed food frequency questionnaires at regional health centers, and a subgroup also completed a 3-day weighed dietary protocol at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a part of the first national representative study on dietary habits of Slovenian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 2,813 adolescents entering high school (10% of the population); participation rate was 95%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absolute EI and relative intakes of food and nutrients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prodi (version 5.2 expert plus, Nutri-Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2004) software was used to evaluate dietary intakes; t test, analysis of variance, and Mann-Whitney testing were used for differences between means, and chi-square was used for differences between proportions. Level of significance was set at P = .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of UR and OR was 34% and 10% among boys, and 27% and 11% among girls. Under-reporters reported lower energy percentage from carbohydrates, higher energy percentage from fats and proteins, and higher micronutrient densities than AR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under-reporting and over-reporting are widespread among Slovenian adolescents. Exclusion of UR and OR does not influence mean value of EI when assessing the diet of a group as a whole.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobe
authors.forename: Ciril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kržišnik
authors.forename: Nataša Fidler
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Mis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015930:Diet Records; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D012650:Self Disclosure; D017678:Sex Distribution; D017524:Slovenia; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires