title: A randomized treatment trial: single versus 7-day dose of metronidazole for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis among HIV-infected women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the metronidazole (MTZ) 2-gm single dose (recommended) is as effective as the 7-day 500 mg twice a day dose (alternative) for treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among HIV+ women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase IV randomized clinical trial; HIV+ women with culture confirmed TV were randomized to treatment arm: MTZ 2-gm single dose or MTZ 500 mg twice a day 7-day dose. All women were given 2-gm MTZ doses to deliver to their sex partners. Women were recultured for TV at a test-of-cure (TOC) visit occurring 6-12 days after treatment completion. TV-negative women at TOC were again recultured at a 3-month visit. Repeat TV infection rates were compared between arms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventy HIV+/TV+ women were enrolled (mean age = 40 years, ±9.4; 92.2% African American). Treatment arms were similar with respect to age, race, CD4 count, viral load, antiretroviral therapy status, site, and loss-to-follow up. Women in the 7-day arm had lower repeat TV infection rates at TOC [8.5% (11 of 130) versus 16.8% (21 of 125) (relative risk: 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.25, 1.00; P < 0.05)] and at 3 months [11.0% (8 of 73) versus 24.1% (19 of 79) (relative risk: 0.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.21, 0.98; P = 0.03)] compared with the single-dose arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 7-day MTZ dose was more effective than the single dose for the treatment of TV among HIV+ women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. kissing@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kissinger
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levison
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatski
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Norine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Leann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000994:Antitrichomonal Agents; D008795:Metronidazole