title: Recombination analysis of intermediate human adenovirus type 53 in Japan by complete genome sequence.
abstract: Human adenovirus type 53 (HAdV-53) has commonly been detected in samples from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients in Japan since 1996. HAdV-53 is an intermediate virus, containing hexon-chimeric, penton base and fiber structures similar to HAdV-22 and -37, HAdV-37 and HAdV-8, respectively. HAdV-53-like intermediate strains were first isolated from EKC samples in Japan in the 1980s. Here, the complete genome sequences of three such HAdV-53-like intermediate strains (870006C, 880249C and 890357C) and four HAdV-53 strains were determined, and their relationships were analysed. The seven HAdV strains were classified into three groups, 870006C/880249C, 890357C and the four HAdV-53 strains, on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of the partial and complete genome sequences. HAdV strains within the same group showed the highest nucleotide identities (99.87-100.00 %). Like HAdV-53, the hexon loop 1 and 2 regions of 870006C, 880249C and 890357C showed the highest identity with HAdV-22. However, these strains did not show a hexon-chimeric structure similar to HAdV-22 and -37, or a penton base similar to HAdV-37. The fiber genes of 870006C and 880249C were identical to that of HAdV-37, but not HAdV-8. Thus, the three intermediate HAdVs isolated in the 1980s were similar to each other but not to HAdV-53. The recombination breakpoints were inferred by the Recombination Detection Program (rdp) using whole-genome sequences of these seven HAdV and of 12 HAdV-D strains from GenBank. HAdV-53 may have evolved from intermediate HAdVs circulating in the 1980s, and from HAdV-8, -22 and -37, by recombination of sections cut at the putative breakpoints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisatoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan.|Department of Ocular Inflammation and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitaichi
authors.affiliation: Host Defense Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiko
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuguto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Hiroshima City Institute of Public Health, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Fukui Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Fukui, Japan.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Sciences, Research Groups of Bioinformatics, Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Sciences, Research Groups of Bioinformatics, Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genome Sciences, Research Groups of Bioinformatics, Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzutani
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA