title: Music in the operating theatre: opinions of staff and patients of a Nigerian teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of music during surgery has been studied, including its effect on theatre staff, users and patients. However, little attention has been paid to its application especially in our environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a prospective study, involving theatre staff, users, and patients. Their opinions on acceptability and the role of music in operating theatre were determined. Information was obtained by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 162 respondents; age range 25 to 76 years (median age 39). There were 109 (67.2%) males and 53 (32.7%) female. One hundred and forty five (89.5%) respondents agree that music should be played in the operating theatre. One fifty eight, (97.5%) considered low tone of music to be most appropriate in the theatre while 3(1.9%), and 1(0.6%) considered moderate and high tone respectively to be most appropriate. One hundred and sixteen, (71.6%) preferred jazz music while 19(11.7%) reggae, 11(6.8%) African music, 13 (8.0%) others (not specify), 2 (1.2%) classical, and 1(0.6%) Irish folk. The majority of the respondents were aware of the role of music in terms of its anxiolytic effect, reduction of stress and enhancement of performance when familiar music is played.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music in the operating theatre has immeasurable effects. It can prevent distraction, minimize annoyance, reduce stress and diminish the anxiety of patients, staff and users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching hospital, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria. jerlizabeth@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Makama
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ameh
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Eguma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009147:Music Therapy; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires