title: Hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209).
abstract: Antioxidant responses induced by decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in the earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were studied after 7 days of exposure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra indicated that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in earthworms were significantly induced by 0.01-10 mg/kg of BDE-209. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) were stimulated at 0.5-10 mg/kg and 1-10 mg/kg, respectively. The reduced glutathione (GSH) was inhibited at 1-10 mg/kg while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) accumulated at 0.5-10 mg/kg. The GSH/GSSG ratio decreased at 0.5-10 mg/kg, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were induced at 0.1-1 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively and both decreased at 10 mg/kg. Catalase (CAT) activities increased at 1-10 mg/kg. The results showed that severe oxidative stress occurred in E. fetida, and may play an important role in inducing the toxicity of BDE-209 on earthworms.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republuic of China.
authors.forename: Xianchuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yingxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mengying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: You-kuan
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide