title: [An experimental study on chemically induced animal model of goat cleft palate in uterus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the method to prepare the animal model of goat cleft palate by injection of anabasine and the effect of the malformation on the development of the facial mid-part.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 female boer hybrid goats were selected, aging 8-12 months and weighing 35-55 kg. The mating day was 0 day, and at 30 days the goats assured pregnant by B type ultrasonic test were divided into 4 groups (n=10) according to intramuscular injection of 10 (experimental group 1), 15 (experimental group 2), 20 (experimental group 3) mg/d, and no injection (control group), respectively, from the 31st to 42nd day. At pregnant 120 days and 1 month after birth, 5 fetal goats of each group were used for three dimensional reconstruction of skull with CT scan. The maxillary bone width named as PPMM and the maxillary bone length named as APMM were measured, then the hard palate general observation was performed and dry skull of goats was harvested to observe the development of maxillary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After injection, all pregnant lambs aborted in experimental group 3; 2 pregnant lambs aborted and 8 lambs maintained pregnancy in experimental group 2. At 120 days of pregnant, no cleft palate was observed in 5 fetal lambs of experimental group 1 and control group, respectively; cleft palate and maxillary dysplasia occurred in 3 fetal lambs of experimental group 2. Among 11 newborn lambs of experimental group 1 and 8 newborn lambs of control group, no cleft palate was observed; among 7 newborn lambs of experimental group 2, cleft palate occurred in 5 with obvious maxillary dysplasia and eating difficulty. General observation of hard palate and dry skull showed obvious hypoplasia of maxillary in experimental group 2. There were significant differences in PPMM and APMM between the experimental group 2 and the control group at pregnant 120 days and 1 month after birth (P < 0.05). Five lambs with cleft palates of experimental group 2 survived for 1-2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The animal models of goat cleft palate can established by intramuscular injection of anabasine at a dose of 15 mg/d from the 31st to 42nd day of pregnant. The facial character of the induced cleft palate goat is similar to that of human cleft palate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100035, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guoping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000691:Anabasine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000691:Anabasine