title: Orofacial dysfunction in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome assessed with NOT-S.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate orofacial dysfunction in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and compare it with a healthy reference group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) protocol was used for evaluation of orofacial function in 45 (23 Male, 22 Female) individuals with PWS, aged 19.8 ± 9.5 years, and a reference group of 40 (18 M, 22 F) healthy individuals, aged 24.0 ± 16.3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NOT-S score was markedly higher for the individuals with PWS than for the healthy reference group (3.9 ± 2.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). The most common domains of dysfunction in individuals with PWS were Oral motor function (60.0%), Habits (55.6%), Face at rest (53.3%), Speech (44.4%), Drooling (44.4%) and Breathing (42.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eighty-seven per cent of the participants with PWS demonstrated dysfunction in two or more domains, particularly in the domains Oral motor function, Habits and Face at rest.
authors.affiliation: TAKO-Centre, National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ronnaug
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saeves
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asten
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Storhaug
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bågesund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005386:Fingersucking; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D012119:Respiration; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult