title: Strategies to target molecules that control the acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype by carcinoma cells.
abstract: The switch of carcinoma cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal-like phenotype, via a process designated 'epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT),' has been recognized as a relevant step in the metastasis of solid tumors. Additionally, this phenotypic switch of carcinoma cells has been associated with the acquisition of tumor resistance mechanisms that reduce the antitumor effects of radiation, chemotherapy and some small-molecule-targeted therapies. As multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators that play a role in this phenotypic switch are being identified, novel strategies can be designed to specifically target tumor cells with this metastatic and resistant phenotype. In particular, this review focuses on the potential use of cancer vaccine strategies to target tumor cells that exhibit a mesenchymal-like phenotype, with an emphasis on the characterization of a novel tumor antigen, Brachyury, which we have identified as a critical regulator of EMT in human cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palena
authors.forename: Romaine I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Litzinger
authors.forename: Duane H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlom
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors