title: Pharmacogenetics: from bench to byte--an update of guidelines.
abstract: Currently, there are very few guidelines linking the results of pharmacogenetic tests to specific therapeutic recommendations. Therefore, the Royal Dutch Association for the Advancement of Pharmacy established the Pharmacogenetics Working Group with the objective of developing pharmacogenetics-based therapeutic (dose) recommendations. After systematic review of the literature, recommendations were developed for 53 drugs associated with genes coding for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, thiopurine-S-methyltransferase (TPMT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), HLA-B44, HLA-B*5701, CYP3A5, and factor V Leiden (FVL).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Swen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nijenhuis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grandia
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Maitland-van der Zee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: G A P J M
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rongen
authors.forename: R H N
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: van Schaik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schalekamp
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Touw
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Weide
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilffert
authors.forename: V H M
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Deneer
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Guchelaar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases