title: The role of underlying structural cause for epilepsy classification: clinical features and prognosis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis versus cavernoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recent "Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology" recommends an epilepsy classification that gives more emphasis to the underlying structural or metabolic cause rather than to the localization of the epileptogenic zone. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) caused by hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) or singular mesiotemporal cavernomas (MTLE-C) in order to evaluate the impact of underlying pathology on the course of the disease while controlling for localization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age at onset, age at surgery, seizure frequency and semiology, pharmacoresistance, psychiatric comorbidities, memory deficits, or initial precipitating insults (e.g., febrile seizures, traumatic brain injury, infection of the central nervous system, birth complications) as well as postoperative outcome were compared in eleven patients with MTLE-C and 33 patients with MTLE-HS using nonparametric statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative outcome was significantly better in patients with MTLE-C, even after controlling for preoperative epilepsy duration. Patients with MTLE-HS more frequently were drug resistant (88% vs. 36%) and more often presented with an initial precipitating insult (70% vs. 27%) and with automotor seizures (79% vs. 46%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that patients with MTLE-C show a more favorable postoperative outcome, supporting the commission's suggestion to put more emphasis on the underlying cause in future epilepsy classifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Giessen & Marburg, Interdisciplinary Epilepsy Center, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Menzler
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermsen
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benes
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knake
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012598:Sclerosis; D055815:Young Adult