title: Microdialysis in the femoral head of the minipig and in a blood cloth of human blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microdialysis can detect ischemia in soft tissue. In a previous study, we have shown the development of ischemia in the femoral head removed from patients undergoing total hip replacement. That study also raised some methodological questions that this study tries to answer: what is happening in the dead space around the catheter in the drill canal, and is there an equilibrium period after the insertion of the catheter?
  
  
  METHODS
  In an ex-vivo study using 5 syringes with 5 mL human blood, a microdialysis catheter was inserted and microdialysis was performed over 3 h. In an in-vivo study, a drill hole was made in the proximal part of the femur in 6 mature Göttingen minipigs and microdialysis was performed over 3 h. The pigs were kept normoventilated during the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ex-vivo microdialysis results showed that lactate kept a steady level and glucose and glycerol both fell; pyruvate fell but leveled out. The mean lactate/pyruvate ratio increased from 13 (SD 4) to 32 (SD 6) (p < 0.001). In vivo, relative recovery was 57% (SD 11). Lactate increased, pyruvate stayed constant, and glucose and glycerol levels fell. The lactate/pyruvate ratio increased from 30 (8) initially to 37 (8) after 1 h (p = 0.007) but no statistically significant change from 1 to 2 h was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ex-vivo study showed a clear washout pattern, and was different from what we see in bone. The in-vivo study indicated that an equilibrium period is necessary or that a reference measurement in healthy bone must be used when performing short measurements in bone.
authors.affiliation: Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. morten@fogedbogehoj.dk
authors.forename: Morten Foged
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bøgehøj
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emmeluth
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Overgaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D011773:Pyruvates; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol