title: Protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora on kidney during alcohol and polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney is an organ highly vulnerable to damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the composition of renal lipids. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of alcohol-induced tissue injury. This leads to membrane damage by lipid peroxidation, alteration of enzyme function and formation of acetaldehyde protein adducts. Many alcoholics along with alcohol consume fried foods that are normally made up of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The toxic effects of alcohol are further enhanced by the consumption of PUFA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In our study, we analyzed the effect of Sesbania grandiflora (S. grandiflora) on alcohol and PUFA-induced oxidative stress in male albino Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of lipid peroxidative markers (thiobarbutric acid reactive substances [TBARS] and lipid hydroperoxides [HP]), the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C) antioxidants were analyzed in kidney to evaluate the effects of S. grandiflora.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of TBARS and HP were significantly increased in alcohol + ΔPUFA group, which were found to be reduced on treatment with S. grandiflora. The levels of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were decreased in alcohol + ΔPUFA group, which were found to be restored on treatment with S. grandiflora.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From this, we conclude that S. grandiflora protects the kidney against alcohol and PUFA-induced oxidative stress, which can be attributed to the phenolic compounds and anthocyanins present in the plant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumaravel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karthiga
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raviteja
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rukkumani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D049931:Sesbania / Q000737:chemistry*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D000431:Ethanol; D010088:Oxidoreductases