title: Adiponectin, AFABP, and leptin in human breast milk during 12 months of lactation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), and leptin have been shown to be present in human breast milk (BM). We determined intraindividual changes of BM levels of these proteins during 12 months of lactation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteins were measured using a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 72 healthy mothers after delivery (day 0, D0) and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of lactation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin levels in BM on D0 were 22.8 ± 0.8 (mean ± standard error of the mean), in 1 month (M1) 22.0 ± 0.6, in 3 months (M3) 20.5 ± 0.6, in 6 months (M6) 21.4 ± 0.8, and in 12 months (M12) 25.7 ± 1.4 ng/mL. AFABP levels were 12.3 ± 2.0, 6.2 ± 1.3, 1.3 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 1.0, and 4.6 ± 1.9 ng/mL, respectively. Leptin levels were 0.3 ± 0.04, 0.2 ± 0.03, 0.1 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.02, and 0.2 ± 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. We found significantly higher levels of adiponectin in M12 in comparison to M3 and M6 (P = 0.0026), higher levels of AFABP in D0 and M1 when compared with M3, M6, and M12 (P < 0.0001), and higher levels of leptin on D0 than in M1, M3, M6, and M12 (P < 0.0001). AFABP levels correlated negatively with infants' body weight in M1, but there was no correlation throughout the lactation period between body weight and other proteins. We found positive correlation between adiponectin, AFABP, and leptin throughout the lactation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All of the hormones were detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation, with decreasing trend until M3 and subsequent increase till M12. We speculate that higher levels in M6 and M12 may be caused by longer intervals between breast-feeding due to the introduction of complementary food.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic. bronsky@email.cz
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bronsky
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitrova
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karpisek
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazoch
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durilova
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisarkova
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stechova
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prusa
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nevoral
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001835:Body Weight; D002657:Child Development; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism; D018153:Czech Republic; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D020738:Leptin