title: Two-color nanoscopy of three-dimensional volumes by 4Pi detection of stochastically switched fluorophores.
abstract: We demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution imaging of stochastically switched fluorophores distributed across whole cells. By evaluating the higher moments of the diffraction spot provided by a 4Pi detection scheme, single markers can be simultaneously localized with <10 nm precision in three dimensions in a layer of 650 nm thickness at an arbitrarily selected depth in the sample. By splitting the fluorescence light into orthogonal polarization states, our 4Pi setup also facilitates the 3D nanoscopy of multiple fluorophores. Offering a combination of multicolor recording, nanoscale resolution and extended axial depth, our method substantially advances the noninvasive 3D imaging of cells and of other transparent materials.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schönle
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Claas V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Middendorff
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wurm
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Stefan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hell
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Egner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003116:Color; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D039341:Receptors, Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D039341:Receptors, Fibrinogen; D014404:Tubulin