title: Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and body mass index in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering within US adolescent body mass index (BMI) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants (12-18 years, n = 2457) recruited from 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 surveys. Prevalence of risk factor clustering (≥2 risk factors: triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; systolic/diastolic blood pressure; fasting glucose) was determined within Centers for Disease Control-defined BMI groups (normal weight, <85(th) percentile; overweight, 85th to 94th percentile; obese, ≥95th percentile). Logistic regression examined associations of risk factor clustering within BMI groups for sex, race/ethnicity, income, household size, smoking, age, and BMI z-score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 9%, 21%, and 35% of normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents had risk factor clustering. Adolescents with risk factor clustering were less likely to be female (OR 95% CI: overweight, 0.33, 0.16-0.68; obese, 0.38, 0.18-0.78) and non-Hispanic black (normal weight, 0.31, 0.17-0.55; overweight, 0.22, 0.07-0.69; obese, 0.24, 0.12-0.50), but more likely to be a smoker (overweight: 4.32, 1.44-12.96), and have a higher BMI z-score (obese, 3.15, 1.29-7.68). Lower income was associated with risk factor clustering in overweight adolescents (0.28, 0.12-0.63), but a higher income was related to risk factor clustering in obese adolescents (1.90, 1.04-3.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of risk factor clustering increases across adolescent BMI categories; however, associations with sex, race/ethnicity, income, smoking, and BMI vary across groups.
authors.affiliation: Population Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Camhi
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Katzmarzyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D044469:Racial Groups; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose