title: Crystallization of toxic glycol solvates of rifampin from glycerin and propylene glycol contaminated with ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol.
abstract: This study was initiated when it was suspected that syringe blockage experienced upon administration of a compounded rifampin suspension was caused by the recrystallization of toxic glycol solvates of the drug. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and gas chromatography were used to identify the ethylene glycol in the solvate crystals recovered from the suspension. Controlled crystallization and solubility studies were used to determine the ease with which toxic glycol solvates crystallized from glycerin and propylene glycol contaminated with either ethylene or diethylene glycol. The single crystal structures of two distinct ethylene glycol solvates of rifampin were solved while thermal analysis, GC analysis and solubility studies confirmed that diethylene glycol solvates of the drug also crystallized. Controlled crystallization studies showed that crystallization of the rifampin solvates from glycerin and propylene glycol depended on the level of contamination and changes in the solubility of the drug in the contaminated solvents. Although the exact source of the ethylene glycol found in the compounded rifampin suspension is not known, the results of this study show how important it is to ensure that the drug and excipients comply with pharmacopeial or FDA standards.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA. mmdevilliers@pharmacy.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Melgardt M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Villiers
authors.forename: Mino R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Caira
authors.forename: Jinjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Schalk J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Strydom
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: Wilna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liebenberg
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006018:Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D006018:Glycols; D012997:Solvents; C013484:diethylene glycol; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol; D012293:Rifampin