title: Sleep disorders in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disorders may affect between 20% and 30% of young children, and include problems getting to sleep (dyssomnias), or undesirable phenomena during sleep (parasomnias), such as sleep terrors and sleepwalking. Children with physical or learning disabilities are at increased risk of sleep disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments for dyssomnias in children? What are the effects of treatments for parasomnias in children? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 28 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antihistamines; behavioural therapy plus antihistamines, plus benzodiazepines, or plus chloral and derivatives; benzodiazepines alone; exercise; extinction and graduated extinction; 5-hydroxytryptophan; light therapy; melatonin; safety/protective interventions for parasomnias; scheduled waking (for parasomnias); sleep hygiene; and sleep restriction.
authors.affiliation: Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Oliveiero
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Novelli
mesh_terms: D006916:5-Hydroxytryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000188:drug therapy; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020447:Parasomnias / Q000188:drug therapy; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D006916:5-Hydroxytryptophan; D008550:Melatonin