title: [Estimating cardiac output. Utility in the clinical practice. Available invasive and non-invasive monitoring].
abstract: This aim of this review is to provide a detailed review of the physiologic conditions and variables of the cardiac output, as well as review the different techniques available for its measurement. We also want to establish the clinical situations in which the measurement of cardiac output can add valuable information for the management of critically ill patients. The Fick technique, used in the beginning to calculate cardiac output, has been replaced today by thermodilution techniques (transcardiac or transpulmonary), lithium dilution, bioreactance, Doppler technique or echocardiography. Pulse wave analysis allows a continuous minimally invasive cardiac output measurement. Other methods, such bioreactance, Doppler technique or echocardiography currently provide a valid, fast and non-invasive measurement of cardiac output.
authors.affiliation: Área de Críticos, Hospital de Sabadell, Institut Universitari Parc Taulí, CIBERes Enfermedades Respiratorias, Sabadell, Barcelona, España. xgarcia@tauli.cat
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mateu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maynar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercadal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochagavía
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrandiz
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011674:Pulse; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018021:Lithium Chloride; D010100:Oxygen