title: Fasting times and gastric contents volume in children undergoing deep propofol sedation--an assessment using magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of fasting times for clear fluids and solids/non-clear fluids on gastric content volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric patients undergoing diagnostic MRI under deep propofol sedation, with the stomach located within the area of diagnostic study, were included in this clinical observational study. According to standard institutional guidelines, children were allowed to eat/drink until 4 h and to drink clear fluids until 2 h before scheduled induction time of anesthesia. Gastric content volume per kg body weight (GCV(w)) was determined using MRI and compared with actual fasting times prior to induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 68 patients aged from 0.3 to 19.6 (2.8) years were investigated. Fasting time for clear fluids ranged from 1.1 to 15.5 (5.5) h, for non-clear fluids/solids from 4.0 to 20.2 (6.7) h. GCV(w) ranged from 0.2 to 6.3 (0.75) ml·kg(-1) and showed no significant negative correlation to fasting times for clear fluids (r = -0.07, P = 0.60) and non-clear fluids/solids (r = -0.08, P = 0.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this preliminary data, GCV(w) showed considerable variation but did not correlate with fasting times in children and adolescent patients. Recommended fasting times were often exceeded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. achim.schmitz@kispi.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kellenberger
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schroeter
authors.forename: Dubravka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deanovic
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prüfer
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Studhalter
authors.forename: Lieselore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Völlmer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D054810:Deep Sedation; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015742:Propofol; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D015742:Propofol