title: Antibacterial activity of triclosan incorporated glass ionomer cements--an in vitro pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of glass ionomer cement impregnated with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.25% and 2.5%) of a non releasing bactericide--Triclosan (TC) against two common cariogenic bacteria - Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans; and to compare Triclosan incorporated GIC with chlorhexidine (CHX) incorporated GIC (2.5%) in terms of Antibacterial activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chlorhexidine or Triclosan were added to glass ionomer cement powder to achieve 2.5% CHX--GIC (positive control--Group II), 0.5%, 1.25% and 2.5% TC-GIC (experimental groups III, IV and V respectively) formulations. Restorative glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX GC--Group I) served as negative control. The powder and liquid were mixed and inserted into the wells punched in agar plates (10 mm x 4 mm). The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the cements after 1, 7 and 30 days. Mean values were compared between different study groups using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD procedure at a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triclosan incorporated GIC was more effective against L. acidophilus and S. mutans than Chlorhexidine incorporated GIC. Triclosan at a concentration of 2.5% was more effective than at lower concentrations. At all time periods studied, the maximum zone of inhibition against L. acidophilus was produced by Group V. Against S. mutans, on days 1, 7 and 30, there was no significant difference between Groups II and IV (p > 0.05), while the other groups showed significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of triclosan as an antibacterial additive in GIC holds promise and further clinical research is needed in this direction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Sajad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sainulabdeen
authors.forename: Prasanna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neelakantan
authors.forename: Sindhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Subbarao
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014260:Triclosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C110713:fuji IX; D014260:Triclosan; D002710:Chlorhexidine