title: The pro-angiogenic properties of multi-functional bioactive glass composite scaffolds.
abstract: The angiogenic properties of micron-sized (m-BG) and nano-sized (n-BG) bioactive glass (BG) filled poly(D,L lactide) (PDLLA) composites were investigated. On the basis of cell culture work investigating the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by human fibroblasts in contact with composite films (0, 5, 10, 20 wt %), porous 3D composite scaffolds, optimised with respect to the BG filler content capable of inducing angiogenic response, were produced. The in vivo vascularisation of the scaffolds was studied in a rat animal model and quantified using stereological analyses. The prepared scaffolds had high porosities (81-93%), permeability (k = 5.4-8.6 x 10⁻⁹ m²) and compressive strength values (0.4-1.6 MPa) all in the range of trabecular bone. On composite films containing 20 wt % m-BG or n-BG, human fibroblasts produced 5 times higher VEGF than on pure PDLLA films. After 8 weeks of implantation, m-BG and n-BG containing scaffolds were well-infiltrated with newly formed tissue and demonstrated higher vascularisation and percentage blood vessel to tissue (11.6-15.1%) than PDLLA scaffolds (8.5%). This work thus shows potential for the regeneration of hard-soft tissue defects and increased bone formation arising from enhanced vascularisation of the construct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW72BP, UK.
authors.forename: Lutz-Christian
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: Kate L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Widdows
authors.forename: Melek M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Burch
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sanz-Herrera
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stämpfli
authors.forename: Iman S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Roqan
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabe
authors.forename: Tahera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Aldo R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Boccaccini
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D011091:Polyesters; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C425330:bioactive glass 45S5; C033616:poly(lactide)