title: A limited role for regulatory T cells in post-ischemic neovascularization.
abstract: Recently, it was demonstrated that arteriogenesis is enhanced in mice deficient in regulatory T cells (CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+)  T cell), which can suppress effector T cell responses. The present study investigates the effects of these regulatory T cells on arteriogenesis in more detail by either specific expanding or depleting regulatory T cells. Hind limb ischemia was induced by electro-coagulation of the femoral artery in mice. Regulatory T cells were either expanded by injecting mice with a complex of interleukin (IL)-2 with the IL-2 monoclonal antibody JES6-1, or depleted by anti-CD25 antibody or diphtheria toxin injections in DEREG mice (depletion of regulatory T cells). Blood flow restoration was monitored using laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Collateral arteries were visualized by immunohistochemistry. Regulatory T cell expansion led to a moderate though significant suppression of blood flow restoration after ischemia induction. Surprisingly, depletion of regulatory T cells resulted in minor increase on blood flow recovery. However, collateral and capillary densities in the post-ischemic skeletal muscle were significantly increased in DEREG mice depleted for regulatory T cells. The presence of regulatory T cells after ischemia induction when analysed in non-depleted DEREG mice could be demonstrated by green fluorescent protein staining only in lymph nodes in the ischemic area, and not in the ischemic muscle tissue. The current study demonstrates that, even under conditions of major changes in regulatory T cell content, the contribution of regulatory T cells to the regulation of the arteriogenic response is only moderate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hellingman
authors.forename: L E P M
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: van der Vlugt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lijkwan
authors.forename: A J N M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bastiaansen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sparwasser
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hamming
authors.forename: P H A
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Quax
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit