title: Adolescent drug use, psychosocial functioning and spinal pain.
abstract: This study tested whether there is an independent relationship between adolescent drug use and neck and shoulder pain (NSP) and back pain (BP) when psychosocial functioning is controlled in a community sample of 1608 14-year-old Australian adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios of alcohol and cigarette use for NSP and BP before and after adjusting for a range of psychosocial variables. Results showed that the use of alcohol, but not cigarettes or marijuana, has a significant independent association with adolescent spinal pain. Future research needs to investigate these variables longitudinally to inform interventions for adolescent spinal pain.
authors.affiliation: Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heaps
authors.forename: Melissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Leon M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Straker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001416:Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology