title: Intrinsic restriction activity by apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme APOBEC1 against the mobility of autonomous retrotransposons.
abstract: The ability of mammalian cytidine deaminases encoded by the APOBEC3 (A3) genes to restrict a broad number of endogenous retroelements and exogenous retroviruses, including murine leukemia virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, is now well established. The RNA editing family member apolipoprotein B (apo B)-editing catalytic subunit 1 (APOBEC1; A1) from a variety of mammalian species, a protein involved in lipid transport and which mediates C-U deamination of mRNA for apo B, has also been shown to modify a range of exogenous retroviruses, but its activity against endogenous retroelements remains unclear. Here, we show in cell culture-based retrotransposition assays that A1 family proteins from multiple mammalian species can also reduce the mobility and infectivity potential of LINE-1 (long interspersed nucleotide sequence-1, L1) and long-terminal repeats (LTRs) retrotransposons (or endogenous retroviruses), such as murine intracisternal A-particle (IAP) and MusD sequences. The anti-L1 activity of A1 was mainly mediated by a deamination-independent mechanism, and was not affected by subcellular localization of the proteins. In contrast, the inhibition of LTR-retrotransposons appeared to require the deaminase activity of A1 proteins. Thus, the AID/APOBEC family proteins including A1s employ multiple mechanisms to regulate the mobility of autonomous retrotransposons in several mammalian species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Retrovirology and Self-Defense, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Terumasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Khaled Hussein
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Abd El Galil
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Tetsutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heidmann
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koito
mesh_terms: D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007426:Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle; D006801:Humans; D020084:Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D018626:Retroelements; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D018626:Retroelements; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; C000605090:Apobec1 protein, mouse; C000605091:Apobec1 protein, rat; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase