title: Neuromagnetic measures of word processing in bilinguals and monolinguals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the question of whether Mandarin-English bilingual speakers recruit the same cortical areas or develop distinct language-specific networks without overlaps for word processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy Mandarin-English bilingual adults and eight healthy English monolingual adults were scanned while single-word paradigms were audio-visually presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed significantly stronger beta-band power suppression in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL) covering the supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) and angular gyrus (BA 39) for bilinguals when processing Mandarin versus English. Moreover, there were no significant differences between bilinguals and monolinguals in the left inferior frontal cortex (LIFC, BA 44/45) when both were processing their first language.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the view that Mandarin-English bilinguals have a shared neural system for word processing in both the first and second language, which is highly similar to monolinguals', but with stronger right hemisphere involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first MEG study to investigate the spatio-temporal and frequency characteristics between bilinguals and monolinguals, which provides us a new angle to better understand the language system in bilinguals' and monolingual's brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vannest
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holroyd
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Narmoneva
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Yinhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: deGrauw
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult