title: On the detection of objects buried at a shallow depth using seismic wave reflections.
abstract: This paper concerns the detection of shallow (of the order 1 m) buried objects using seismic excitation. Time-extended signals are used to generate a compressional wave using a shaker attached to the ground. The wave propagates through the ground, reflects off a buried object and is captured by an array of geophones on the surface. The envelopes of the cross-correlation functions between the measured ground velocities and the excitation signal are calculated and summed to generate a cross-sectional image of the ground. The wide cross-correlation peaks caused by high ground attenuation are partially compensated for by using the generalized cross-correlation function called the phase transform. Simple simulations are conducted to demonstrate the method, and some field experiments have been carried out aimed at the detection of a buried concrete pipe. In the experiments the pipe could be detected using the method proposed, with experimental and simulated data producing good agreement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom. bp@isvr.soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Papandreou
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rustighi
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation; D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D005844:Geology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009038:Motion; D009622:Noise; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water