title: Attenuation of hematoma size and neurological injury with curcumin following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Acute hematoma enlargement is an important predictor of neurological injury and poor clinical prognosis; but neurosurgical clot evacuation may not be feasible in all patients and treatment options remain largely supportive. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches to promote hematoma resolution are needed. In the present study, the authors investigated whether the curry spice curcumin limited neurovascular injury following ICH in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced in adult male CD-1 mice by intracerebral administration of collagenase or autologous blood. Clinically relevant doses of curcumin (75-300 mg/kg) were administered up to 6 hours after ICH, and hematoma volume, inflammatory gene expression, blood-brain barrier permeability, and brain edema were assessed over the first 72 hours. Neurological assessments were performed to correlate neurovascular protection with functional outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin increased hematoma resolution at 72 hours post-ICH. This effect was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of the proinflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Curcumin also reduced disruption of the blood-brain barrier and attenuated the formation of vasogenic edema following ICH. Consistent with the reduction in neuroinflammation and neurovascular injury, curcumin significantly improved neurological outcome scores after ICH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curcumin promoted hematoma resolution and limited neurological injury following ICH. These data may indicate clinical utility for curcumin as an adjunct therapy to reduce brain injury and improve patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia 30809, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: D Jay
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.forename: F Marlene
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Steffen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Meiler
authors.forename: Cargill H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Alleyne
authors.forename: Krishnan M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dhandapani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003474:Curcumin