title: Can poison control data be used for pharmaceutical poisoning surveillance?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between the frequencies of pharmaceutical exposures reported to a poison control center (PCC) and those seen in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  A statewide population-based retrospective comparison of frequencies of ED pharmaceutical poisonings with frequencies of pharmaceutical exposures reported to a regional PCC. ED poisonings, identified by International Classification of Diseases, Version 9 (ICD-9) codes, were grouped into substance categories. Using a reproducible algorithm facilitated by probabilistic linkage, codes from the PCC classification system were mapped into the same categories. A readily identifiable subset of PCC calls was selected for comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations between frequencies of quarterly exposures by substance categories were calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients and partial correlation coefficients with adjustment for seasonality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCC reported exposures correlated with ED poisonings in nine of 10 categories. Partial correlation coefficients (r(p)) indicated strong associations (r(p)>0.8) for three substance categories that underwent large changes in their incidences (opiates, benzodiazepines, and muscle relaxants). Six substance categories were moderately correlated (r(p)>0.6). One category, salicylates, showed no association. Limitations Imperfect overlap between ICD-9 and PCC codes may have led to miscategorization. Substances without changes in exposure frequency have inadequate variability to detect association using this method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCC data are able to effectively identify trends in poisonings seen in EDs and may be useful as part of a pharmaceutical poisoning surveillance system. The authors developed an algorithm-driven technique for mapping American Association of Poison Control Centers codes to ICD-9 codes and identified a useful subset of poison control exposures for analysis.
authors.affiliation: The Intermountain Injury Control Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. christopher.naun@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Naun
authors.forename: Cody S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Lenora M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Heather T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Keenan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014589:Utah / Q000453:epidemiology