title: [Infective complications in patients with implantable cardiac devices: catheter extraction].
abstract: Complications related to device implantation, such as infections and malfunction, play a major role when considering the increasing rate of implant procedures. It is widely accepted in the scientific literature that the most effective way to eradicate device-related infections or complications resulting from malfunctioning involves the complete removal of the pacing system. The techniques of transvenous lead extraction include manual traction, mechanical dilation, powered sheaths (excimer laser system) using the femoral, jugular/subclavian or hybrid approach. The possibility of using different approaches, even in combination, has broadened the therapeutic armamentarium, allowing to revise the indications for removal of the system. Further clinical studies relating, specifically, to the different extraction techniques may contribute to develop common protocols by also evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the methods available.
authors.affiliation: Divisione e Cattedra di Cardiologia, Spedali Civili, Università degli Studi, Brescia. antonio.curnis@libero.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curnis
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bontempi
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipari
authors.forename: Najat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashofair
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagnoni
authors.forename: Maria Giulia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mutti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vassanelli
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dei Cas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods; D004452:Echocardiography; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States