title: Gallium (III) triflate-catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles: quinoxalines, 1,5-benzodiazepines and their fluorinated derivatives.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quinoxaline nucleus is a part of several antibiotics, such as echinomycin, levomycin and actinomycin, which are known to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and are active against various transplantable tumors. Benzodiazepines are important classes of heterocycles that draw significant interest from the pharmaceutical industry because of their prominent therapeutic value, such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoaval properties and also as kinase inhibitors. They have also been evaluated as anticancer, anthelmintic, antifungal and insecticidal agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quinoxalines, benzodiazepines and their fluorinated derivatives have been prepared in excellent yields from the corresponding diamines and diketones using gallium (III) triflate as an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst, due to its stability, recyclability and minimal toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-91661, USA. gprakash@usc.edu
authors.forename: G K Surya
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Habiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaghoo
authors.forename: Arthi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venkat
authors.forename: Chiradeep
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panja
authors.forename: Sujith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chacko
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Olah
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D006678:HIV / Q000201:enzymology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D054879:Halogenation; D006801:Humans; D008698:Mesylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008698:Mesylates; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C516572:gallium triflate; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase