title: Determination of lead in croatian wines by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: A method has been developed for direct determination of lead in wine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) with Zeeman-effect background correction. The thermal behaviour of Pb during pyrolysis and atomisation stages was investigated without matrix modifier and in the presence of Pd(NO(3))(2), Pd(NO(3))(2) + Mg(NO(3))(2) × 6H(2)O, and NH(4)H(2)PO(4) + Mg(NO(3))(2) × 6H(2)O as matrix modifiers. A simple 1:1 dilution of wine samples with Pd(NO3)2 as a matrix modifier proved optimal for accurate determination of Pb in wine. Mean recoveries were 106 % for red and 114 % for white wine, and the detection limit was 3 μg L(-1). Within-run precision of measurements for red and white wine was 2.1 % and 1.8 %, respectively. The proposed method was applied for analysis of 23 Croatian wines. Median Pb concentrations were 33 μg L(-1), range (16 to 49) μg L(-1) in commercially available wines and 46 μg L(-1), range (14 to 559) μg L(-1) in home-made wines. There were no statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in Pb concentration between commercial and home-made wines or between red and white wines.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia. btariba@imi.hr
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tariba
authors.forename: Alica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizent
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kljaković-Gašpić
mesh_terms: D017523:Croatia; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead