title: Protective effect of Glycine max and Chrysanthemum indicum extracts against cisplatin-induced renal epithelial cell death.
abstract: Although cisplatin is one of the most efficient chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumors, frequently observed nephrotoxicity has limited its use in several patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protective effect of Glycine max (GM) and Chrysanthemum indicum (CM) extracts on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human proximal tubular HK-2 cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Hoechst 33342, and propidium iodide assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry with 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH(2)-DA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cisplatin-induced renal cell toxicity through the induction of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and hydroxyl radical (OH(•-)). CM extract protected cisplatin-induced apoptosis by its anti-oxidant activity against H(2)O(2) and OH(•-), while GM extract scavenged only H(2)O(2). Furthermore, GM and CM extracts protect renal cells without significant interfering effect on cisplatin toxicity in lung cancer H460 and melanoma G361 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM and CM extracts exhibited a promising protective effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity which could benefit the development for nephroprotective approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanittha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pongjit
authors.forename: Chaunpit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ninsontia
authors.forename: Chatchai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaotham
authors.forename: Pithi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanvorachote
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002945:Cisplatin