title: 3D evaluation of postoperative swelling using two different cooling methods following orthognathic surgery: a randomised observer blind prospective pilot study.
abstract: Orthognathic surgery is associated with side effects including severe postoperative swelling, pain, neurological dysfunction and trismus. The beneficial effects of localised cold treatment on postoperative swelling have been described. Topographical considerations make it difficult to quantify facial swelling. A new and promising method to measure facial swelling seems to be optical face scanning. This study aimed to evaluate the 3D optical scanner to measure soft tissue swelling following orthognathic surgery. Postoperative swelling was treated either with conventional cooling by cold packs or with the water-circulating cooling device Hilotherm Clinic. Secondary endpoints in each group included postoperative pain, neurological complaints, duration of hospital stay, trismus and patient satisfaction. The use of the cooling device by Hilotherm significantly reduced postoperative swelling, pain and hospital duration compared with conventional cooling. Postoperative trismus and satisfaction with the cooling method was significantly higher in the Hilotherm group compared with conventional cooling. No differences were observed concerning neurological score and outcome. In conclusion, 3D optical scanning is a simple and precise method of quantifying face swelling after orthognathic surgery. Hilotherm significantly reduces swelling and duration of hospital stay compared with conventional cooling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Joos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piffkó
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kater
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002680:Chin / Q000294:innervation; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D055096:Optical Devices; D009915:Orbit / Q000294:innervation; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000601:surgery; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014313:Trismus / Q000517:prevention & control