title: Periodontal status of patients with hypophosphatemic rickets: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was previously reported that dentin matrix protein 1-null mice, which are the hypophosphatemic rickets animal model, postnatally developed severe periodontal defects. However, to the best of our knowledge, it was not documented whether similar periodontal defects were present in human patients with hypophosphatemic rickets. The aim of this study is to evaluate the periodontal status of adult patients with hypophosphatemic rickets.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-series study evaluates the periodontal condition of adults with genetic hypophosphatemic rickets and compared their periodontal status with similar data from several cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Information regarding medical histories, dental histories, intraoral photos, probing depths (PD), calculated clinical attachment loss (AL), the presence of gingival recession, bleeding on probing, and full-mouth radiographic surveys were acquired. Descriptive statistics were used for comparison to NHANES data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 adult patients with hypophosphatemic rickets (two males and eight females) were evaluated. The definition of periodontitis used in this study is as follows: "A periodontitis case was defined as a person who had ≥ 3 sites with clinical AL ≥ 4 mm and ≥ 2 sites with PD ≥ 3 mm." According to this definition, the patients exhibited periodontal bone loss at a much higher prevalence (60%) compared to the reported national periodontitis prevalence (3.6% to 7.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary data from our study suggests that patients with hypophosphatemic rickets are more prone to periodontal bone loss than the general population and may require a more careful examination by dental care providers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. yeling@umkc.edu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ruohong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Uri S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Alon
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cobb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D053098:Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult