title: Fluoroscopically guided hip capsulotomy: effective or not? A cadaveric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a fluoroscopically guided hip capsulotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten fresh-frozen paired cadaveric hips were injected under fluoroscopic guidance with saline sufficient to generate an intra-articular pressure greater than 58 mmHg. The pressure was monitored continuously using a percutaneous transducer. A limited lateral approach to the proximal femur was performed by one of two senior orthopaedic trauma surgeons. Using a scalpel under fluoroscopic guidance, each surgeon made one attempt at an anterior capsulotomy. Changes in intra-articular pressure were recorded throughout the procedure. The specimens were then dissected to measure the extent of each capsulotomy as well as the distance from the capsulotomy to nearby neurovascular structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A rapid and substantial decrease in intra-articular pressure was seen in all hips. The mean intra-articular pressure postcapsulotomy was 8.4 mmHg. The capsulotomies averaged 15.1 mm in length. None of the attempts at capsulotomy lasted longer than 90 seconds. The average distance between capsulotomy and the lateral-most branch of the femoral nerve was 19.5 mm. The femoral artery was on average 40.3 mm from the capsulotomy. There was no correlation between the side on which capsulotomy was performed and its extent or proximity to neurovascular structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroscopically guided hip capsulotomy through a small lateral incision appears to be a safe, effective, and expedient method, which may substantially reduce intra-articular pressure after minimally displaced femoral neck fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. aric@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Aric A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Christal
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Taitsman
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dunbar
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Sean E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nork
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*