title: Comparison of clinical characteristics and MR angiography appearance in patients with spontaneous intradural vertebral artery dissection with or without subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well known that spontaneous intradural vertebral artery dissection (siVAD) is an important cause of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The factors that influence whether SAH develops, however, remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinical characteristics and imaging findings are different in patients with siVAD with SAH compared to those with siVAD without SAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a retrospective, single-institution study involving patients in whom siVAD developed with or without SAH, between July 2003 and November 2010. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate clinical characteristics and MR angiography findings. The vertebral-union-basilar angle (VUBA) was defined as the most acute angle between line of the basilar artery trunk and line of the vertebral angle (VA) at the vertebral union on 3D MR angiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 58 patients with siVAD, 21 developed SAH. The presence of siVAD and SAH was significantly associated with higher rates of current smoking (OR 13; 95% CI 3.6-38; p < 0.0001), dissection of the dominant VA (OR 9.2; 95% CI 2.5-19; p = 0.0004), and unruptured supratentorial nondissecting saccular aneurysms (OR 11; 95% CI 2.1-19; p = 0.0025), and the VUBA of the dominant VA was significantly larger (p < 0.0001, univariate analysis). Multivariate analysis showed that these differences were still significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A larger VUBA of the dominant VA, the presence of unruptured supratentorial nondissecting saccular aneurysms, and current smoking may be factors that predict which patients with siVAD will develop SAH by dominant VAD.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: Motoharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakata
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D020217:Vertebral Artery Dissection / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging