title: Antioxidative effects of N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, taurine, and curcumin in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to cadmium.
abstract: We investigated the muscle tissue of a teleost Cyprinus carpio L. to find out whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), alpha-lipoic acid (LA), taurine (TAU), and curcumin (CUR) were able to counteract oxidative stress induced by acute exposure to cadmium (Cd). The muscle tissue was dissected 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of Cd (5 mg kg(-1)) and of antioxidant substances (50 mg kg(-1)). Using spectrophotometry, we determined the glutathione redox status, lipid peroxidation levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione disulphide reductase (GR). Accumulation of Cd in the muscle was analysed using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).All substances lowered Cd levels in the following order of efficiency; LA=NAC>TAU=CUR. Cadmium increased SOD activity, but CAT activity declined, regardless of antioxidant treatment. Treatment with CUR induced GPx activity. Treatment with TAU lowered Cd due to higher total glutathione (tGSH). The most effective substances on lipid peroxidation were LA and NAC due to a greater Cd-lowering potential. It seems that the protective role of TAU, LA, and NAC is not necessarily associated with antioxidant enzymes, but rather with their own activity.
authors.affiliation: Adiyaman University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Turkey. ysevgiler@posta.adiyaman.edu.tr
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sevgiler
authors.forename: Sahire
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karaytug
authors.forename: Fahri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karayakar
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002347:Carps; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D002104:Cadmium; D013654:Taurine; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003474:Curcumin; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide; D000111:Acetylcysteine