title: Carotid shunt provides cerebral protection during emergency coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with bilateral high grade carotid stenosis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of patients with co-existent coronary and carotid disease is a controversial and challenging issue. The risk for stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis is up to 30%. In these patients a common practice is to proceed first with the restoration of cerebral perfusion and then perform the coronary revascularization. The rationale is that this strategy will reduce perioperative neurological morbidity and mortality. However, what happens when the carotid procedure is acutely complicated by cardiac instability which necessitates the interruption of the carotid procedure?
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of a patient with unstable angina and high grade asymptomatic bilateral carotid stenosis who underwent emergency combined CABG and carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Due to hemodynamic instability, ST-T changes, hypotension and bradycardia, upon completion of endarterectomy we placed a carotid shunt and the patient was put on cardiopulmonary bypass through median sternotomy. After triple CABG (duration of 90 minutes) we concluded the interrupted CEA procedure with primary closure of the carotid arteriotomy with the shunt in place. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged after a week. In extreme cases with bilateral severe carotid stenosis and coronary artery disease where the carotid procedure should be interrupted, we suggest the use of carotid shunt which can provide adequate cerebral perfusion giving time to cardiac surgeon to perform the life saving cardiac procedure first.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Athens Medical Center, Marousi Athens, Greece. bellosvasc@gmail.com
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bellos
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kogerakis
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiriazis
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gougoulakis
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Panagiotou
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex