title: Microscopic hematuria as a marker of blunt abdominal trauma in rats: description of an experimental model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microscopic hematuria is an extremely important sign in blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) patients. Controversies still exist in the literature on whether microscopic hematuria is a sign of intra-abdominal extrarenal organ injury and is an indication for radiographic assessment of BAT patients. In this study, a new BAT rat model was developed, and we tried to determine the relationships between microscopic hematuria and extrarenal intra-abdominal organ injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  After verifying our model, lethal and maximal sublethal intensity of impact energy determined in the rats. Animals allocated into six sublethal impact energy groups. BAT was induced by dropping a standard mass from variable heights. After 2 hours of examining period, macroscopic laparotomy findings, histopathological liver, spleen and renal injury grades, and microscopic hematuria levels were recorded in these six groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our results, while the trauma intensity increase severity of the histopathological injury increases for all organs. Although there was a significant correlation between microscopic hematuria and trauma intensity, we could not show same relationship between microscopic hematuria and histopathological organ injury. On the other hand, microscopic hematuria was correlated with the macroscopic laparotomy findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microscopic hematuria could serve as a predictor of the severity of trauma and intra-abdominal organ injury. This study would support the use of abdominal imaging and attentive assessment for intra-abdominal organ injury in stable BAT patients with hematuria. The laparotomy threshold may be lowered for unstable BAT patients with hematuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. makaramercan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mehmet Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karamercan
authors.forename: Ayse Meltem
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sevgili
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karamercan
authors.forename: Pergin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: Zeynep Dicle
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Balkanci
authors.forename: Gonul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karamercan
authors.forename: Abdulkadir Bulent
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Aytac
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006417:Hematuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers