title: Ventilation plays an important role in hens' egg production at high ambient temperature.
abstract: Birds dissipate considerable heat through respiratory-evaporative and cutaneous-evaporative mechanisms and sensible heat loss (SHL) via radiation, convection, and conduction. The significance of SHL in laying hens is still to be confirmed. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of ventilation on egg production and quality during exposure to high ambient temperature. Lohman laying hens were raised outdoors up to age 35 wk, and 300 hens with similar egg production were divided among 5 treatments each comprising 4 replicates of 15 hens. Birds in 4 treatments were kept in computerized controlled-environment rooms acclimated to 35°C and 50% RH, with ventilation flow rates of 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 m/s, respectively, and those in the control were kept outdoors. Hens were acclimated to the controlled environment rooms for 1 wk and to the targeted environmental conditions for another week, and then were subjected to measurements for 2 wk. Egg production, mass, and shell density, and feed and water consumption were monitored. Body temperature, SHL, and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were measured at the end of the experiment. The high environmental temperature impaired egg production and quality: whereas exposure of hens to ventilation flows of 2.0 and 3.0 m/s elicited significant recovery of these parameters with time, exposure to a rate of 0.5 m/s negatively affected these parameters throughout the experimental period. The highest feed intake and water consumption were observed in hens exposed to 2.0 and 3.0 m/s, respectively, and the highest SHL was observed in those exposed to 3.0 m/s. It can be concluded that ventilation rate significantly affected hens exposed to high ambient temperature: high ventilation (3.0 m/s) improved egg production whereas low ventilation (0.5 m/s) negatively affected production and quality.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Sciences, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruzal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shinder
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yahav
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004528:Egg Shell; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006799:Housing, Animal; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D014691:Ventilation / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine