title: The use of cone-beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiographs to diagnose root perforations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital periapical radiographs (PR) in detecting strip and root perforations after root canal treatment in mandibular molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five curved mesial roots were endodontically prepared. Fifteen roots were perforated in the mesiolingual canal by inserting a rotary file through the canal curvature penetrating the root surface ("root perforation"), and 15 roots were perforated with a drill in the axial aspect of the canal ("strip perforation"). Fifteen roots were not perforated. All mesial roots were filled with gutta-percha and AH26. Teeth were then placed in human mandibles. PRs from two angulations and CBCT scans were evaluated by two observers. The sensitivity and specificity of both methods to diagnose perforations were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity and specificity of CBCT scans in the detection of strip perforations were 0.50 and 0.97, respectively, and with two-angled PRs they were 0.13 and 0.97. For the detection of root perforations, the sensitivity and specificity of CBCT scans were 0.86 and 0.70, respectively, and for PRs they were 0.66 and 0.90. The difference between PRs and CBCT scans in detecting strip perforations was significant (chi-square test, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk to misdiagnose strip perforations was high with both methods, but CBCT scans showed a significant higher sensitivity than PR. There was no significant difference between the methods for the detection of root perforations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. hshemesh@acta.nl
authors.forename: Hagay
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shemesh
authors.forename: Roberto C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cristescu
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wesselink
authors.forename: Min-Kai
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012834:Silver / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium; D001729:Bismuth