title: Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H2S-rich spark discharge experiment.
abstract: Archived samples from a previously unreported 1958 Stanley Miller electric discharge experiment containing hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) were recently discovered and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We report here the detection and quantification of primary amine-containing compounds in the original sample residues, which were produced via spark discharge using a gaseous mixture of H(2)S, CH(4), NH(3), and CO(2). A total of 23 amino acids and 4 amines, including 7 organosulfur compounds, were detected in these samples. The major amino acids with chiral centers are racemic within the accuracy of the measurements, indicating that they are not contaminants introduced during sample storage. This experiment marks the first synthesis of sulfur amino acids from spark discharge experiments designed to imitate primordial environments. The relative yield of some amino acids, in particular the isomers of aminobutyric acid, are the highest ever found in a spark discharge experiment. The simulated primordial conditions used by Miller may serve as a model for early volcanic plume chemistry and provide insight to the possible roles such plumes may have played in abiotic organic synthesis. Additionally, the overall abundances of the synthesized amino acids in the presence of H(2)S are very similar to the abundances found in some carbonaceous meteorites, suggesting that H(2)S may have played an important role in prebiotic reactions in early solar system environments.
authors.affiliation: Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 8615 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Henderson J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cleaves
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dworkin
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Glavin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aubrey
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazcano
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bada
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000641:Ammonia; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019418:Evolution, Chemical; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008697:Methane; D000069497:Origin of Life
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000596:Amino Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D008697:Methane; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide