title: Antifouling activity of commercial biocides vs. natural and natural-derived products assessed by marine bacteria adhesion bioassay.
abstract: Biofilm formation is a key step during marine biofouling, the natural colonization of immersed substrata, leading to major economic and ecological consequences. Consequently, bacteria have been used for the screening of new non-toxic antifoulants: the adhesion of five strains isolated on three French locations was monitored using a fluorescence-based assay and toxicity was also evaluated. Nine biocides including commercial, natural and natural-derived products were tested. The commercial antifoulants, TBTO and Sea Nine showed low EC(50) but high toxicity. The non-commercial products TFA-Z showed significant anti-adhesion activities and appeared to be non-toxic, suggesting a specific anti-adhesion mechanism. In addition, the strains could be classified depending on their sensitivity to the molecules used even if strain sensitivity also depended on the molecules tested. In conclusion, TFA-Z would be a promising candidate as non-toxic antifoulant and our results strengthen the need to perform antifouling bioassays with a panel of strains showing different response profiles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA 4323, Biofouling et Substances Naturelles Marines, Université du Sud Toulon-Var, 83162 La Valette-du-Var, France.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guentas-Dombrowsky
authors.forename: Gérald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Culioli
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazire
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Blache
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D001688:Biological Products / Q000633:toxicity*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D004202:Disinfectants; D006131:Growth Inhibitors