title: Diffusion of dimethyl sulfoxide in tissue engineered collagen scaffolds visualized by computer tomography.
abstract: Cryopreservation is a convenient method for long-term preservation of natural and engineered tissues in regenerative medicine. Homogeneous loading of tissues with CPAs, however, forms one of the major hurdles in tissue cryopreservation. In this study, computer tomography (CT) as a non-invasive imaging method was used to determine the effective diffusion of Me2SO in tissue-engineered collagen scaffolds. The dimensions of the scaffolds were 30 x 30 x 10 mm3 with a homogeneous pore size of 100 microm and a porosity of 98%. CT images were acquired after equilibrating the scaffolds in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and transferring them directly in 10% (v/v)Me2SO. The Me2SO loading process of the scaffold could thus be measured and visualized in real time. The experimental data were fitted using a diffusion equation. The calculated effective diffusion constant for Me2SO in the PBS loaded scaffold was determined from experimental diffusion studies to be 2.4 x 10(-6) cm2/s at 20 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Germany. bernemann@imp.uni-hannover.de
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bernemann
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manuchehrabadi
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.forename: Jeunghwan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Wim F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wolkers
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glasmacher
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003094:Collagen; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008954:Models, Biological; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D003094:Collagen; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide