title: Subchronic systemic toxicity and bioaccumulation of Fe3O4 nano- and microparticles following repeated intraperitoneal administration to rats.
abstract: Aqueous suspensions of 10 nm, 50 nm, or 1 μm Fe(3)O(4) particles were injected intraperitoneally (ip) to rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg in 4 mL of sterile deionized water 3 times a week for 5 weeks. Following exposure, functional and biochemical indices and histopathological examinations of spleen and liver tissues of exposed rats were evaluated for signs of toxicity. The iron content of the blood was measured photometrically, and that of the liver and the spleen by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods. It was found that, given equal mass doses, Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles possess considerably higher systemic toxicity than microparticles, but within the nanometric range the relationship between particle size and resorptive toxicity is intricate and nonunique. The latter fact may be attributed to differences in different nanoparticles' toxicokinetics, which are controlled by both more or less substantial direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and their unequal solubility.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia. bkaznelson@etel.ru
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Katsnelson
authors.forename: Tamara D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Degtyareva
authors.forename: Ilzira I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Minigalieva
authors.forename: Larisa I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Privalova
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kuzmin
authors.forename: Olga S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Yeremenko
authors.forename: Ekaterina P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Kireyeva
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sutunkova
authors.forename: Irene I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Valamina
authors.forename: Mark Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Khodos
authors.forename: Alisa N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kozitsina
authors.forename: Vladimir Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Shur
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vazhenin
authors.forename: Aleksandr P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Potapov
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Morozova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013154:Spleen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide