title: Anabolic steroid associated to physical training induces deleterious cardiac effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac aldosterone might be involved in the deleterious effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on the heart. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of cardiac aldosterone, by the pharmacological block of AT1 or mineralocorticoid receptors, on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were randomized into eight groups (n = 14 per group): Control (C), nandrolone decanoate (ND), trained (T), trained ND (TND), ND + losartan (ND + L), trained ND + losartan (TND + L), ND + spironolactone (ND + S), and trained ND + spironolactone (TND + S). ND (10 mg·kg(-1)·wk(-1)) was administered during 10 wk of swimming training (five times per week). Losartan (20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) and spironolactone (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) were administered in drinking water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac hypertrophy was increased 10% by using ND and 17% by ND plus training (P < 0.05). In both groups, there was an increase in the collagen volumetric fraction (CVF) and cardiac collagen type III expression (P < 0.05). The ND treatment increased left ventricle-angiotensin-converting enzyme I activity, AT1 receptor expression, aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), and 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) gene expression and inflammatory markers, TGFβ and osteopontin. Both losartan and spironolactone inhibited the increase of CVF and collagen type III. In addition, both treatments inhibited the increase in left ventricle-angiotensin-converting enzyme I activity, CYP11B2, 11β-HSD2, TGFβ, and osteopontin induced by the ND treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe this is the first study to show the effects of ND on cardiac aldosterone. Our results suggest that these effects may be associated to TGFβ and osteopontin. Thus, we conclude that the cardiac aldosterone has an important role on the deleterious effects on the heart induced by ND.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everton Crivoi
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Do Carmo
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Nathan Daniel
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: Katt Coelho
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.forename: Kaleizu Teodoro
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barretti
authors.forename: Stéphano Freitas Soares
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Rogério B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wichi
authors.forename: Maria Claudia Costa
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.forename: Edilamar Menezes
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D024061:Collagen Type III; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D013148:Spironolactone; D009277:Nandrolone; D043209:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D019808:Losartan