title: In vivo regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in Rhizopus oryzae to improve L-lactic acid fermentation.
abstract: Rhizopus oryzae is becoming more important due to its ability to produce an optically pure L: -lactic acid. However, fermentation by Rhizopus usually suffers from low yield because of production of ethanol as a byproduct. Limiting ethanol production in living immobilized R. oryzae by inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was observed in shake flask fermentation. The effects of ADH inhibitors added into the medium on the regulation of ADH and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as the production of cell biomass, lactic acid, and ethanol were elucidated. 1,2-diazole and 2,2,2-trifluroethanol were found to be the effective inhibitors used in this study. The highest lactic acid yield of 0.47 g/g glucose was obtained when 0.01 mM 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol was present during the production phase of the pregrown R. oryzae. This represents about 38% increase in yield as compared with that from the simple glucose fermentation. Fungal metabolism was suppressed when iodoacetic acid, N-ethylmaleimide, 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, or 4-hydroxymercury benzoic acid were present. Dramatic increase in ADH and LDH activities but slight change in product yields might be explained by the inhibitors controlling enzyme activities at the pyruvate branch point. This showed that in living R. oryzae, the inhibitors regulated the flux through the related pathways.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sitanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thitiprasert
authors.forename: Sarintip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sooksai
authors.forename: Nuttha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thongchul
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004220:Disulfides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014270:Trifluoroethanol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004220:Disulfides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C007542:4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D014270:Trifluoroethanol; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose; D005033:Ethylmaleimide