title: Effect of nasal deviation on quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal deviation is a common complaint in otorhinolaryngology and plastic surgery. This condition not only causes impairment of nasal function but also affects quality of life, leading to psychological distress. The subjective assessment of quality of life, as an important aspect of outcomes research, has received increasing attention in recent decades. Quality of life is measured using standardized questionnaires that have been tested for reliability, validity, and sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life, self-esteem, and depression in patients with nasal deviation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were selected for the study. Patients with nasal deviation (n = 32) were assigned to the study group, and patients without nasal deviation (n = 28) were assigned to the control group. The diagnosis of nasal deviation was made by digital photogrammetry. Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire; the Rosenberg Self-Esteem/Federal University of São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina Scale; and the 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between groups in the physical functioning and general health subscales of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (p < 0.05). Depression was detected in 11 patients (34.4 percent) in the study group and in two patients in the control group, with a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal deviation is an aspect of rhinoplasty of which the surgeon should be aware so that proper psychological diagnosis can be made and suitable treatment can be planned because psychologically the patients with nasal deviation have significantly worse quality of life and are more prone to depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk, II.(Figure is included in full-text article.).
authors.affiliation: São Paulo and Pouso Alegre, Brazil From Postgraduate Program in Plastic Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, and the Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí.
authors.forename: Sueli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Lima Ramos
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hochman
authors.forename: Heitor Carvalho
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Luiz Eduardo Felipe
authors.initials: LEF
authors.lastname: Abla
authors.forename: Daniela Francescato
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: Gal Moreira
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dini
authors.forename: Lydia Masako
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult