title: PNE versus 1st stage tined lead procedure: a direct comparison to select the most sensitive test method to identify patients suitable for sacral neuromodulation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the patient's response rate to the Percutaneous Nerve Evaluation test (PNE) and the 1st stage tined-lead placement test (FSTLP) for sacral neuromodulation therapy (SNM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single center study on patients with refractory idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) or non-obstructive urinary retention, screened with both PNE and FSTLP. Patients were followed prospectively and their response rate based on bladder diary after PNE was compared to that after FSTLP. More than 50% improvement in at least two relevant urinary symptoms was considered a positive response. A Wilcoxon paired test was done to compare the rates of the two screening options and logistic regression to determine possible associations. A follow-up was conducted to determine the long-term failure rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients were included (82 female, 69 OAB). The mean age was 55 years (SD 13). The positive response rate on PNE was 47%. FSTLP showed a 69% positive response rate, which was negatively related to age. The 22% gain in positive response was statistically significant (P < 0.001) and positively associated with female gender and younger age. All 69 patients with a positive response to FSTLP received SNM treatment. Failure rate after an average of 2 years was 2.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that FSTLP may be a more sensitive screening method than PNE to identify patients eligible for SNM therapy, warranting randomized trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Randall K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Stefan G G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: De Wachter
authors.forename: F H M
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: Philip E V
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: van Kerrebroeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012677:Sensation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics