title: Estimation of head tissue-specific exposure from mobile phones based on measurements in the homogeneous SAM head.
abstract: The maximum spatial peak exposure of each commercial mobile phone determined in compliance with the relevant safety and product standards is publicly available. However, this information is not sufficient for epidemiological studies aiming to correlate the use of mobile phones with specific cancers or to behavioral alterations, as the dominant location of the exposure may be anywhere in the head between the chin to above the ear, depending on the phone design. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to determine tissue-specific exposure by expanding the post-processing of the measured surface or volume scans using standardized compliance testing equipment, that is, specific absorption rate (SAR) scanners. The transformation matrix was developed using the results from generic dipoles to evaluate the relation between the SAR in many brain regions of the Virtual Family anatomical phantoms and in virtual brain regions mapped onto the homogeneous SAM head. A set of transformation factors was derived to correlate the SAR induced in the SAM head to the SAR in the anatomical heads. The evaluation included the uncertainty associated with each factor, arising from the anatomical differences between the phantoms (typically less than 6 dB (4×)). The applicability of these factors was validated by performing simulations of four head models exposed to four realistic mobile phone models. The new methodology enables the reliable determination of the maximum and averaged exposure of specific tissues and functional brain regions to mobile phones when combined with mobile phone power control data, and therefore greatly strengthens epidemiological evaluations and improves information for the consumer.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS), Zürich, Switzerland. gosselin@itis.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gosselin
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crespo-Valero
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cherubini
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zefferer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D040421:Cell Phone; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results