title: Outcome of surgery in long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of the surgical correction in long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts of a group of patients with esotropia who had cross fixation and underwent surgery for strabismus between January 1991 and December 2004 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. Binocularity was measured by the Worth 4-dot test and Titmus stereo test. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery for strabismus. Twenty-one patients aged 8 to 26 years with a minimum 3-year postoperative follow-up were included. Five patients were excluded because they were lost to follow-up after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bimedial recession and resection of one lateral rectus muscle were performed in all patients. Recession of the inferior oblique muscle with anteriorization was performed in patients who had inferior oblique overaction. Orthotropia was attained in 14 patients, whereas residual esotropia was diagnosed in 5 patients. Two patients were diagnosed as having exotropia. Two patients required a second surgery for dissociated vertical deviation. Overall, 9 of the 21 patients had indications of binocular function and 12 remained the same in their stereoacuity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical correction of long-standing infantile esotropia with cross fixation in young adults may improve binocular function and allow long-term alignment stability.
authors.affiliation: Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tekirdag, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadircan H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Keskinbora
authors.forename: Tansu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horozoglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult