title: The structure and validity of self-reported affect in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study determined the reliability, validity, and factor structure of self-report emotions in persons with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relative to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (mild AD, n = 73; MCI, n = 159; controls, n = 96) rated current emotions with the Visual Analogue Mood Scales (Stern, 1997).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency reliabilities were comparable across groups, as were the factor structures of emotion. Persons with AD reported more negative affect (NA) than persons with MCI and controls. The emotion that most differentiated groups was confusion. NA and PA may be more bipolar in persons with AD than for persons with MCI and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The underlying structure of affect was similar in persons with mild AD, MCI, and controls. Further, persons with MCI appeared to be "transitional" between cognitive health and dementia with regard to mood and affect. That is, participants with MCI tended to have affect scores that were intermediate between those with AD and controls. Implications for interventions to improve emotional well-being in AD and MCI are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ready
authors.forename: Janessa O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Brandon E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Gavett
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000523:psychology*; D003221:Confusion / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D064232:Visual Analog Scale