title: A comparison of space closure rates between preactivated nickel-titanium and titanium-molybdenum alloy T-loops: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the rate of space closure and tooth angulation during maxillary canine retraction using preactivated T-loops made from titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA) and nickel-titanium (NiTi). Twelve patients (six males and six females) aged between 13 and 20 years who had upper premolar extractions were included, and each acted as their own control, with a NiTi T-loop allocated to one quadrant and TMA to the other using a split mouth block randomization design. The loops were activated 3 mm at each visit to deliver a load of approximately 150 g to the upper canine teeth. Maxillary dental casts, taken at the first and each subsequent monthly visit, were used to evaluate changes in extraction space and canine angulation. All used T-loops were compared with unused loops in order to assess distortion. Mixed model statistical analysis was used to adjust for confounding variables. The mean rate of canine retraction using preactivated NiTi and TMA T-loops was 0.91 mm/month (±0.46) and 0.87 mm/month (±0.34), respectively. The canine tipping rates were 0.71 degrees/month (±2.34) for NiTi and 1.15 degrees/month (±2.86) for TMA. Both the rate of space closure and the tipping were not significantly different between the two wire types. The average percentage distortion of the TMA T-loop was 10 times greater than that of the NiTi loops when all other variables were matched. There was no difference in the rate of space closure or tooth angulation between preactivated TMA or NiTi T-loops when used to retract upper canines. The NiTi loops possessed a greater ability to retain and return to their original shapes following cyclical activation.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
authors.forename: Feng-Yi
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Keng
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Quick
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herbison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D003765:Models, Dental; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; C525450:titanium molybdenum alloy; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium