title: Genotoxicity evaluation of nanomaterials: dna damage, micronuclei, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine induced by magnetic doped CdSe quantum dots in male mice.
abstract: Quantum dots (QDs) are a novel class of inorganic fluorophores which are gaining widespread recognition as a result of their exceptional photophysical properties and their applications as a biomarker and in molecular biomedical imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo genotoxicity in mice exposed to CdSe quantum dots of average size 5.0 ± 0.2 nm and CdSe doped with 1% cobalt ions of similar size. The quantum dots are surface modified using mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) in order to be biocompatible and water-soluble. The MAA-QDs were given to the mice orally at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg by weight of MAA-QDs. Bone marrow and liver samples were collected after two and seven days of treatment. The results indicated that after two days of treatment, the high dose of doped MAA-QDs was significantly able to induce DNA damage, formation of micronuclei (MNs), and generation of DNA adduct (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG). However, increasing DNA damage and the frequency of MNs formation as well as the generation of DNA adducts were observed with both the undoped MAA-QDs (2000 mg/kg) and doped MAA-QDs (1000 and 2000 mg/kg) after seven days of treatment. The results of our study indicate that exposure to high doses of pure MAA-QDs or MAA-QDs doped with cobalt has the potential to cause indirect in vivo genetic damage, which may be attributed to free radical-induced oxidative stress in mice.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. wagdykh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: W K B
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girgis
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Emam
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D018036:Selenium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D018036:Selenium Compounds; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D004247:DNA; C058667:cadmium selenide; D003849:Deoxyguanosine