title: A dietary mixture containing fish oil, resveratrol, lycopene, catechins, and vitamins E and C reduces atherosclerosis in transgenic mice.
abstract: Chronic inflammation and proatherogenic lipids are important risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Specific dietary constituents such as polyphenols and fish oils may improve cardiovascular risk factors and may have a beneficial effect on disease outcomes. We hypothesized that the intake of an antiinflammatory dietary mixture (AIDM) containing resveratrol, lycopene, catechin, vitamins E and C, and fish oil would reduce inflammatory risk factors, proatherogenic lipids, and endpoint atherosclerosis. AIDM was evaluated in an inflammation model, male human C-reactive protein (CRP) transgenic mice, and an atherosclerosis model, female ApoE*3Leiden transgenic mice. Two groups of male human-CRP transgenic mice were fed AIDM [0.567% (wt:wt) powder and 0.933% (wt:wt oil)] or placebo for 6 wk. The effects of AIDM on basal and IL-1β-stimulated CRP expression were investigated. AIDM reduced cytokine-induced human CRP and fibrinogen expression in human-CRP transgenic mice. In the atherosclerosis study, 2 groups of female ApoE*3Leiden transgenic mice were fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with AIDM [0.567% (wt:wt) powder and 0.933% (wt:wt oil)] or placebo for 16 wk. AIDM strongly reduced plasma cholesterol, TG, and serum amyloid A concentrations compared with placebo. Importantly, long-term treatment of ApoE*3Leiden mice with AIDM markedly reduced the development of atherosclerosis by 96% compared with placebo. The effect on atherosclerosis was paralleled by a reduced expression of the vascular inflammation markers and adhesion molecules inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Dietary supplementation of AIDM improves lipid and inflammatory risk factors of CVD and strongly reduces atherosclerotic lesion development in female transgenic mice.
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Biosciences, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands. Lars.Verschuren@tno.nl
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verschuren
authors.forename: Peter Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wielinga
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Duyvenvoorde
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tijani
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toet
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Ommen
authors.forename: Teake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kleemann
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000235:genetics; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012307:Risk Factors; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000975:Antioxidants; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D015415:Biomarkers; D005395:Fish Oils; D013267:Stilbenes; C052720:apolipoprotein E3 (Leidein); D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids; D002392:Catechin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000077185:Resveratrol; D000077276:Lycopene