title: Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow niche to the blood compartment.
abstract: The vast majority of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in specialized niches within the bone marrow during steady state, maintaining lifelong blood cell production. A small number of HSCs normally traffic throughout the body; however, exogenous stimuli can enhance their release from the niche and entry into the peripheral circulation. This process, termed mobilization, has become the primary means to acquire a stem cell graft for hematopoietic transplant at most transplant centers. Currently, the preferred method of HSC mobilization for subsequent transplantation is treatment of the donor with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The mobilizing effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is not completely understood, but recent studies suggest that its capacity to mobilize HSCs, at least in part, is a consequence of alterations to the hematopoietic niche. The present article reviews some of the key mechanisms mediating HSC mobilization, highlighting recent advances and controversies in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoggatt
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pelus
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D055153:Stem Cell Niche
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D010100:Oxygen