title: Differential effects of vitamin d receptor agonists on gene expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation is associated with cardiovascular benefits in chronic kidney disease patients, but whether VDR's hormone and prehormone exhibit similar effects requires more studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with VDR agonists (calcitriol and/or paricalcitol) and the prehormone calcidiol in the presence of aldo (1 μM). The expression of VDR target genes were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The expression and activity of CYP27B1 (the enzyme responsible for converting calcidiol to calcitriol) was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treating cells with aldo (1 μM) for 24 h significantly reduced the VDR mRNA (29%) and protein levels (>90%). Calcitriol and calcidiol induced VDR expression in the presence of aldo with EC(50) at 0.3 and 7,952 nM, respectively. Calcitriol, paricalcitol and calcidiol stimulated CYP24A1 (EC(50) at 6.4, 4.5 and 992 nM, respectively) and suppressed NPPB expression (IC(50) at 1.9, 0.1 and 210 nM, respectively) in the presence of 1 μM aldo. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes expressed CYP27B1 and converted calcidiol to calcitriol at a low rate (~10% in 24 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VDR hormone calcitriol and its analog paricalcitol exhibit more potent effects than the prehormone calcidiol in cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. jrwuwong@uic.edu
authors.forename: J Ruth
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wu-Wong
authors.forename: Yung-Wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: Myles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000819:agonists*; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D000450:Aldosterone; C084656:paricalcitol; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C585549:CYP24A1 protein, human; C585551:Cyp24a1 protein, rat; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase; D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002117:Calcitriol; D002112:Calcifediol