title: Migration of plasticizers phthalates, bisphenol A and alkylphenols from plastic containers and evaluation of risk.
abstract: This study investigates the potential migration of plasticisers, plastic components and additives from several plastic water bottles. Compounds studied were phthalates (dimethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A. Polycarbonate (PC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (PS) plastics used in the water bottling sector were tested using three kinds of total or specific migration tests: (1) standard method UNE-EN ISO 177; (2) ultrasonic forced extraction; and (3) standard method UNE-EN 13130-1. In addition, bottled waters contained in different plastic materials were analysed to determine the potential migration of target compounds in real conditions. In all cases, samples were solid-phase extracted using Oasis HLB 200 mg cartridges and analysed using GC-MS in scan-acquisition mode. Bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol were detected in incubated samples, indicating that migration from food plastics can occur at the experimental conditions tested. The total daily intake was calculated according to the levels detected in bottled water and the assessment of the consumers' risk was evaluated taking into consideration toxicological and legislative values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Jordi Girona 18–26, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guart
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bono-Blay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacorte
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003297:Cooking and Eating Utensils; D004058:Diffusion; D004326:Drinking; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018857:Food Packaging; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012995:Solubility; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; C041594:4-nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds