title: Effects of cranberry juice consumption on vascular function in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cranberry juice contains polyphenolic compounds that could improve endothelial function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to examine the effects of cranberry juice on vascular function in subjects with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We completed an acute pilot study with no placebo (n = 15) and a chronic placebo-controlled crossover study (n = 44) that examined the effects of cranberry juice on vascular function in subjects with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the chronic crossover study, subjects with coronary heart disease consumed a research preparation of double-strength cranberry juice (54% juice, 835 mg total polyphenols, and 94 mg anthocyanins) or a matched placebo beverage (480 mL/d) for 4 wk each with a 2-wk rest period between beverages. Beverage order was randomly assigned, and participants refrained from consuming other flavonoid-containing beverages during the study. Vascular function was measured before and after each beverage, with follow-up testing ≥12 h after consumption of the last beverage. Mean (±SD) carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, a measure of central aortic stiffness, decreased after cranberry juice (8.3 ± 2.3 to 7.8 ± 2.2 m/s) in contrast with an increase after placebo (8.0 ± 2.0 to 8.4 ± 2.8 m/s) (P = 0.003). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, digital pulse amplitude tonometry, blood pressure, and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity did not change. In the uncontrolled pilot study, we observed improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (7.7 ± 2.9% to 8.7 ± 3.1%, P = 0.01) and digital pulse amplitude tonometry ratio (0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.23 ± 0.16, P = 0.001) 4 h after consumption of a single 480-mL portion of cranberry juice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic cranberry juice consumption reduced carotid femoral pulse wave velocity-a clinically relevant measure of arterial stiffness. The uncontrolled pilot study suggested an acute benefit; however, no chronic effect on measures of endothelial vasodilator function was found. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00553904.
authors.affiliation: Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Mustali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dohadwala
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: Naomi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hamburg
authors.forename: Sherene M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shenouda
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Titas
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palmisano
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Milbury
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blumberg
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001628:Beverages; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010865:Pilot Projects; D059808:Polyphenols; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D013997:Time Factors; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols