title: Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in colonic distension-induced hyperalgesia in distal colon of neonatal maternal separated male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study is to examine the role of NO synthase (NOS) expression in the distal colon of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) model rats employed in IBS studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male neonates of Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into NMS and normal control (N) groups. Rats of NMS group were subjected to 3 h daily maternal separation on postnatal day 2-21. Rats were administrated non-selective NOS inhibitor l-NAME (100 mg kg(-1) ), selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor 7-NINA (10mgkg(-1) ), selective inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor (10mgkg(-1) ) or Vehicle (Veh; distilled water) intraperitoneally 1h prior to the experiment for the test and control groups, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of NO was significantly higher in the NMS Veh rats compared with unseparated N rats. Western-blotting and real-time quantitative PCR studies showed that protein and mRNA expression of nNOS were higher in the NMS group than that in the N rats; whereas no significant change in iNOS and eNOS was found in either groups. Neonatal maternal separation Veh rats showed low pain threshold and increased electromyogram (EMG) activity in response to colonic distension stimuli. l-NAME and 7-Nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA) increased pain threshold pressure and attenuated EMG activity in the NMS rats. In addition, l-NAME and 7-NINA substantially reduced oxidative marker malondialdehyde level in NMS rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal maternal separation increased the NO generation by nNOS upregulation that interact with reactive oxygen species contributing to the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. jefftjong@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Y-W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Tjong
authors.forename: S-P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H H S
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: J J Y
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Che
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D003106:Colon / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004576:Electromyography; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007191:Indazoles; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C080122:7-nitroindazole; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester