title: T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin: review of toxicity, metabolism, and analytical methods.
abstract: This review focuses on the toxicity and metabolism of T-2 toxin and analytical methods used for the determination of T-2 toxin. Among the naturally occurring trichothecenes in food and feed, T-2 toxin is a cytotoxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by various species of Fusarium. Following ingestion, T-2 toxin causes acute and chronic toxicity and induces apoptosis in the immune system and fetal tissues. T-2 toxin is usually metabolized and eliminated after ingestion, yielding more than 20 metabolites. Consequently, there is a possibility of human consumption of animal products contaminated with T-2 toxin and its metabolites. Several methods for the determination of T-2 toxin based on traditional chromatographic, immunoassay, or mass spectroscopy techniques are described. This review will contribute to a better understanding of T-2 toxin exposure in animals and humans and T-2 toxin metabolism, toxicity, and analytical methods, which may be useful in risk assessment and control of T-2 toxin exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanshen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhanhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ross C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
authors.forename: Suxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D013605:T-2 Toxin