title: Association between peripheral γδ T-cell profile and disease progression in individuals infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2 in West Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human gammadelta (γδ) T cells play an important role in protective immunity in HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus infection; their role in HIV-2 infection is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of γδ T cells in control of plasma viral load and CD4 T-cell count in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in West Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty HIV-1 and 25 HIV-2 treatment-naive chronically infected individuals, and 20 HIV-seronegative individuals from Senegal were studied using multiparametric flow cytometry to investigate the frequencies and phenotypes of peripheral γδ T cells. γδ T-cell parameters and correlates of HIV disease progression were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : We observed an expansion of Vδ1 T-cell populations in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. However, unlike HIV-1 infection, no significant contraction of the frequency of total Vδ2 T cells was observed in HIV-2 infection. Significantly lower frequencies of CD4Vδ2 T cells were observed in HIV-2-infected individuals. Furthermore, frequencies of CD28CD45RO and CD27CD28CD45RO Vδ2 T cell were low in HIV-1-infected individuals. Vδ2 T-cell activation levels were elevated in both HIV-1-infected and HIV-2-infected individuals. The frequency of HLA-DRCD38-activated Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells was associated with a decline in CD4 T-cell counts and increased viral load in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although maintaining the normal frequency of total Vδ2 T cells, HIV-2 infection reduces the frequency of CD4Vδ2 T cells and alters the frequencies of subsets of Vδ1 T cells. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection induce γδ T-cell activation, and this activation is associated with the disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: M Juliana
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McElrath
authors.forename: Papa Salif
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sow
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mesher
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Kiviat
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta