title: Effect of municipal waste water effluent upon the expression of Glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes of brine shrimp Artemia.
abstract: Multiple isoenzymes of the detoxification enzyme family Glutathione S-transferase are expressed in the brine shrimp Artemia. The number of the major ones detected in crude extract by means of chromatofocusing varied between three and four, depending on the age. Two isoenzymes, one alkaline and one neutral (with corresponding isoelectric points of 8.5 and 7.2) appear to be dominant in all three developmental stages studied, (24, 48, and 72 h after hatching). Culturing Artemia for 48 h after hatching, in artificial sea water prepared by municipal wastewater effluent resulted to significant alterations of the isoenzyme profile. In comparison to organisms cultured for the same period of time in artificial sea water prepared by filtered tap water, the expression of the alkaline isoenzyme decreased by 62% while that of the neutral isoenzyme increased by 58%. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of the major isoenzyme of the acidic area increased by more than two folds. It is worth mentioning that although the specific activity of the total enzyme in the whole body homogenate was elevated, no statistically significant alteration of the Km value was observed. These findings suggest that study of the isoenzyme profile of Glutathione S-transferase may offer high sensitivity in detecting environmental pollution and needs to be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Dept. of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grammou
authors.forename: Chrisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samaras
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vasara
authors.forename: Athanasios I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002947:Cities; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005982:Glutathione Transferase