title: 2A to the fore - research, technology and applications.
abstract: The 2A region of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) encodes a short sequence that mediates self-processing by a novel translational effect. Translation elongation arrest leads to release of the nascent polypeptide and re-initiation at the next in-frame codon. In this way discrete translation products are derived from a single open reading frame. Active 2A-like sequences have been found in (many) other viruses and trypanosome non-LTR retrotransposons. Exponential growth of 2A technology within the last decade has lead to many biotechnological/biomedical applications including the generation of transgenic plants/animals and genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK.
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Escuin
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Felipe
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D046549:Plantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D046549:Plantibodies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C057421:virus protein 2A