title: Detection of CHK1 and CCND1 gene copy number changes in breast cancer with dual-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlation between CCND1 amplification and CHK1 deletion in breast cancer, and to explore their role in tumorigenesis and progression, a comparative study of the gene copy number changes of CCND1 and CHK1 was performed with dual-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas with foci of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) components were selected for dual-colour FISH. A strong correlation was found between CCND1 amplification and CHK1 deletion (P<0.0001). Fourteen cases were detected that demonstrated both CCND1 amplification and CHK1 deletion. Interestingly, when comparing the infiltrating and non-invasive areas for the same tumour, we found three cases with CCND1 amplification in the infiltrating areas but not in the DCIS areas. We did not find a CHK1 gene profile difference between infiltrating and DCIS areas in the same lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that CCND1 amplification and CHK1 deletion are common events in breast cancer, and that the two genetic alterations often coexist. Our data also suggest that CHK1 deletion is an early genetic event in the development of breast cancer and can be detected at the DCIS stage, whereas CCND1 amplification is more likely to be associated with tumour progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qingrui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tingguo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Zhiyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gengyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019938:Cyclin D1; D011494:Protein Kinases; C000605867:CHEK1 protein, human; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1