title: Endocardial and epicardial deformations in cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to analyze epicardial (EPI) and endocardial (ENDO) strain (S) in patients with transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) using echocardiography (TTE) with 2-dimensional feature tracking imaging (FTI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three subjects (11 with HCM, 11 with TTR-CA, and 11 healthy subjects as controls) with a New York Heart Association functional class ≤ II underwent conventional TTE and FTI. TTE was used for the evaluation of left ventricle (LV) wall thickness, mass, systolic and diastolic function. FTI was used for the evaluation of EPI and ENDO longitudinal, and circumferential, and radial S. LV wall thickness and mass were higher in both TTR-CA and HCM in comparison with controls (P < 0.001), but ejection fraction (EF) was similar among patients with TTR-CA, HCM and controls (63 ± 6%, 64 ± 6%, 61 ± 5%, respectively). ENDO and EPI longitudinal and circumferential S and radial S were significantly lower in HCM and TTR-CA when compared with controls (P < 0.01). No differences in EPI and ENDO longitudinal S, ENDO circumferential S and radial S were found between TTR-CA and HCM groups, while EPI circumferential S was significantly lower in the TTRCA group (6 ± 3.3%) than in the HCM group (8.1 ± 4.3%; P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal, circumferential and radial LV deformations are impaired in patients with TTR-CA and HCM with a preserved EF. Impairment of EPI circumferential strain is greater in TTR-CA than in HCM.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy. gianluca.dibella@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Bella
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Minutoli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pingitore
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: Giovanni D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Aquaro
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Leo
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Recupero
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stancanelli
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldari
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.forename: Scipione
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carerj
mesh_terms: D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D004699:Endocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left