title: Gender differences in apolipoprotein D expression during aging and in Alzheimer disease.
abstract: Apolipoprotein D (Apo D) is a lipocalin expressed in a wide variety of mammalian tissues. Different studies have shown that this protein is upregulated in the central nervous system (CNS) in several neuropathological conditions, after traumatic brain injury and in aging. The Apo D promoter shows 3 estrogen response elements and it has been shown that its expression is influenced by estrogens in breast cyst fluid. The aim of this work is to study the possible relationship between gender and Apo D expression in human hippocampus and in the entorhinal and frontal cortices during aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We visualized Apo D immunohistochemically and then performed a quantification of the chromogen signal strength. Our findings show that Apo D expression is influenced by age, Braak stage, and sex. In most of the studied areas, Apo D expression is increased with age in women but not in men, and in AD progression in both genders. Apo D is always expressed by neurons with no signs of degeneration or death.
authors.affiliation: Dpt. Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología y Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ordóñez
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: del Valle
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tolivia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C024328:APOD protein, human; D053399:Apolipoproteins D