title: Adequacy of reporting monitoring regimens of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in clinical guidelines: systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reporting of monitoring recommendations in guidelines on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Trip database, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and databases containing guidelines published from January 2002 to February 2010. Data selection Three major risk factors for cardiovascular disease: cholesterol level, smoking, and hypertension. The primary outcome was the frequency with which the guidelines dealt with monitoring of risk factors. Secondary outcomes were completeness of monitoring recommendations, defined by the presence of what to monitor, when to monitor, what to do if the targets or variables were not met, and the reported level or strength of the evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  117 guidelines were identified, 84 (72%) of which contained a section on lipids. Of those guidelines with a section on lipids, 53% (n = 44) provided no information or specific recommendations on what to monitor, 51% (n = 43) provided no information on when to monitor, and 64% (n = 54) provided no guidance on what to do if the target was out of range. Guidelines for hypertension (n = 79) and smoking (n = 65) were little better, with 63% (n = 50) and 54% (n = 35), respectively, providing no recommendation for what to monitor. The number of guidelines that explicitly referenced the level of evidence for monitoring was low, with most of the recommendations based on weak levels of evidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many guidelines for cardiovascular disease do not report clearly what to monitor and what to do if a change is detected. If no evidence is available to support a specific monitoring schedule, this should be explicit in the guideline, with a description of the new research that would fill the gap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moschetti
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heneghan
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D000074606:Smoking Prevention
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids