title: The Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Family Impact Module: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A pediatric chronic health condition not only influences a child's life, but also has impacts on parent health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and family functioning. To provide care and social support to these families, a psychometrically well-developed instrument for measuring these impacts is of great importance. The present study is aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-cultural adaptation of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module was performed following the PedsQL™ Measurement Model Translation Methodology. The Chinese version of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module was administered to 136 parents of children with asthma and 264 parents of children with heart disease from four Triple A hospitals. The psychometric properties such as feasibility, internal consistency reliability, item-subscale correlations and construct validity were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of missing item responses was less than 0.1% for both asthma and heart disease sample groups. The Chinese version of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module showed ceiling effects but had acceptable reliability (Cronbach's Alpha Coefficients were higher than 0.7 in all the subscales except "Daily Activities" in the asthma sample group). There were higher correlation coefficients between items and their hypothesized subscales than those with other subscales. The asthma sample group reported higher parent HRQOL and family functioning than the heart disease sample group. In the heart disease sample group, parents of outpatients reported higher parent HRQOL and family functioning than parents of inpatients. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the instrument had marginally acceptable construct validity with some Goodness-of-Fit indices not reaching the standard indicating acceptable model fit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Chinese version of the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module has adequate psychometric properties and could be used to assess the impacts of pediatric asthma or pediatric heart disease on parent HRQOL and family functioning in China. This instrument should be field tested on parents of children with other chronic medical conditions in other areas. Construct validity tested by confirmatory factor analysis and test-retest reliability should be further assessed.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Ruoqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuantao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Lifen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yingfen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhuoyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology