title: The influence of habitual exercise training and meal form on diet-induced thermogenesis in college-age men.
abstract: This study compared type of habitual exercise and meal form on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in 29 men age 19-28 yr. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and DIT response to solid-meal (bar) vs. liquid-meal (shake) ingestion were measured via indirect calorimetry; classifications were sedentary (n = 9), endurance trained (n = 11), or resistance trained (n = 9). Height, weight, and body composition (using bioelectrical impedance) were measured for each subject. Energy expenditure was determined before and every 30 min after meal consumption for 210 min. RMR was significantly (p = .045) higher in the endurance- and resistance-trained groups. However, when expressed per kilogram fat-free mass (FFM; relative RMR), differences were not significant. Both DIT (kcal/min) and relative DIT (kcal · min-1 · kg FFM-1) significantly increased with time (p < .0001) from RMR for each meal form. There was no significant exercise-group effect on DIT or relative DIT. There was a significant (p = .012) effect of meal form on DIT; shakes elicited a higher DIT. This significant difference was not found for relative DIT. There was a significant interaction between group and meal form for DIT (p = .008) and relative DIT (p < .0001). Shakes elicited a significantly greater DIT (p = .0002) and relative DIT (p = .0001) in the resistance-trained group. In the sedentary group, relative DIT from shakes was significantly lower than from bars (p = .019). In conclusion, habitual exercise appears to increase RMR, and meal form may impart changes in relative DIT depending on exercise status.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ratcliff
authors.forename: Sareen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gropper
authors.forename: B Douglas
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Huggins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000407:Alabama; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001628:Beverages; D002151:Calorimetry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005502:Food; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates