title: Wetland conservation and sustainable coastal governance in Japan and England.
abstract: Coastal wetlands present particular challenges for coastal governance and for the implementation of the Ramsar Convention, not least because coastal areas are focal points of human activity and of governance ambiguity. Through the evaluation of Ramsar delivery at both national and local levels in Japan and England, the relationship between Ramsar implementation and coastal governance was examined. In England, Ramsar status is primarily treated as a nature conservation designation which limits the wider opportunities inherent in the designation. In contrast, in Japan, the Ramsar Convention is used as a policy driver at the national level and as a leverage to encourage citizen engagement, economic benefit, and wetland conservation at the local level. It was concluded that through the implementation of the Ramsar Convention in important coastal wetland areas, significant steps can be taken towards delivering integrated approaches to coastal governance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Portland Square, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom. steve.fletcher@plymouth.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rewhorn
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004739:England; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006078:Government Programs; D007564:Japan; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D053833:Wetlands