title: Prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension in young and old women with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertension (HT) is more prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than among the general population and it has been associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in these patients. We examined the proportion of HT and factors associated with it in young and old women with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (112 women with SLE and 223 healthy age-matched women) were categorized as young (age ≤ 40 years) or old (age > 40 years). We compared cardiovascular and specific SLE-related variables and inflammatory markers in hypertensive and normotensive women with SLE for each age range. We also assessed the factors independently associated with HT in the entire cohort and in each age range by means of a multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HT was higher in women with SLE than in controls (56% vs 29%; p < 0.001), and was proportionally higher in younger women with SLE (40% vs 11%; p < 0.001) than in older women with SLE (74% vs 47%; p = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, HT was associated with renal involvement and higher nonobesity-related insulin levels in younger women with SLE. In older patients, HT was associated with age, renal involvement, and obesity. Finally, in the entire cohort, HT was associated with age, insulin, renal involvement, and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An association between HT and insulin has been identified in women with SLE, particularly younger ones. Factors associated with HT in women with SLE differed depending on their age. HT was more prevalent in women with SLE than in control subjects, being proportionally higher in young women with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, 9a planta, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas No. 2, 18012 Granada, Spain. jmasabio@gmail.com
authors.forename: José Mario
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sabio
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vargas-Hitos
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navarrete-Navarrete
authors.forename: Juan Diego
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mediavilla
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Jáimez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Chamorro
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Alonso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index