title: Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment and mussels from the Cantabrian Sea (North Spain).
abstract: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as significant global environmental pollutants with persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of PFCs in water (wastewater, submarine emissaries and port-waters), sediment and transplanted mussels in estuarine areas of high urban and industrial impact from Northern Spain. Five PFCs of industrial use were studied: perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, perfluorooctanoate acid and perfluorononanoate acid. After selective extraction, samples were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. ΣPFCs ranged from 0.06 to 10.9 ng/L in water, with higher levels in wastewater treatment plants effluents and port waters than in submarine emissaries. Little accumulation was observed in sediments and mussels with ΣPFCs ranging from 0.01-0.13 ng/g dw and 0.01-0.06 ng/g ww, respectively. Most ubiquitous compounds were PFOS and PFOA. Mass fluxes of PFCs to the Cantabrian Sea are estimated and the impact to the coastal ecosystem is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Echavarri-Erasun
authors.forename: Cinta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porte
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacorte
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D007220:Industrial Waste; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C471071:perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; C018959:hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C108042:perfluorobutane