title: Anesthetic efficacy of 4% Articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine versus 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine as a primary buccal infiltration in the mandibular first molar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No study has compared 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine with 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in a mandibular buccal infiltration of the first molar. The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing the degree of pulpal anesthesia obtained with 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine as a primary infiltration in the mandibular first molar.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six asymptomatic adult subjects randomly received a primary mandibular buccal first molar infiltration of a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and a cartridge of 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in 2 separate appointments. The authors used an electric pulp tester to test the first molar for anesthesia in 3-minute cycles for 60 minutes after the injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two 4% articaine formulations showed no statistically significant difference when comparing anesthetic success, onset of anesthesia, or incidence of pulpal anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine is comparable to 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in a primary mandibular buccal infiltration of the first molar.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mayes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McEntire
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nusstein
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drum
authors.forename: Al
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reader
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects; D008963:Molar / Q000187:drug effects*; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D002355:Carticaine; D004837:Epinephrine