title: Investigation of non-linear acoustic losses at the open end of a tube.
abstract: At high acoustic level, non-linear losses at the end of a tube are usually interpreted as the consequence of a jet formation at the tube end resulting in annular vortices dissipating part of the acoustic energy. Previous work has shown that two different regimes may occur. The present work, using particle image velocimetry visualization, lattice Boltzmann method simulation in 2D, and an analytical model, shows that the two different regimes correspond to situations for which the annular vortices remain attached to the tube (low acoustic particle velocity) or detached (high acoustic particle velocity).
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth P01 3DJ, United Kingdom. james.buick@port.ac.uk
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atig
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Skulina
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dalmont
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D009038:Motion; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D012212:Rheology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013997:Time Factors; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D014732:Vibration