title: Clinical and radiological study of three cases of aggressive course testicular lymphomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical and radiological features, and the role of imaging in diagnosis and extension study of testicular lymphoma (TL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular and inguinal color Doppler ultrasound, extension-study Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT), and Doppler ultrasound and MDCT in an upper extermity metastasis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case 1: A 65-year-old man with TL 11 years ago, recurrence in the contralateral testis 5 years later, orbital involvement at 8 years and currently recurrence in the arm with ulnar nerve infiltration. Case 2: A 44-year-old man with TL and metastatic inguinal lymphadenopathy. Case 3: An 85 year-old man with TL, retroperitoneal lymph nodes and obstructive uropathy. Histological subtype: B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TL typically presents as an aggressive disease with contralateral testicular involvement and spreading to regional lymph nodes and non-contiguous extranodal sites. The main radiological techniques are Doppler ultrasound for the study of the primary disease and MDCT in the evaluation of disease extension. Diagnosis is usually obtained after orchiectomy by histological study, and despite the aggressive treatment modalities (surgery associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy) prognosis remains poor.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Clínico de Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Verónica Illescas
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Megías
authors.forename: Antonio Javier Márquez
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Elena Gallego
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: Luis Vicioso
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Recio
authors.forename: Felipe Sáez
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Barranquero
authors.forename: Alfredo Blanes
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Berenguel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography