title: Multivariate analysis of factors associated with early-onset segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo: a prospective observational study of 213 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although mixed forms have been described recently, segmental (SV) and nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) are considered as clinically distinct. However, limited epidemiological data are available to help distinguish associated factors, and recent genome-wide association studies have been restricted to NSV. The higher prevalence of SV in children is helpful when comparing the two major presentations of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare factors associated with SV and NSV, especially for markers of autoimmunity or autoinflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a single-centre prospective observational study in patients aged 17 years or under with a confirmed diagnosis of SV or NSV at the vitiligo clinic between 1 January 2006 and 1 July 2010. The Vitiligo European Task Force questionnaire was completed for each patient, and thyroid function and antithyroid antibodies were screened if not obtained in the previous year. Other forms of vitiligo (focal, mucosal, not classifiable) were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 213 children were included, 142 with NSV, 59 with SV and 12 with mixed vitiligo. There was no significant statistical difference for sex or age at onset between patients with SV and NSV. Halo naevi were significantly more frequent in NSV than in SV [odds ratio (OR) 7·58, P < 0·01). Patients with NSV more frequently had a positive family history of vitiligo (OR 2·25, P=0·02) and a marked familial autoimmunity background (OR 2·22, P = 0·01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study clearly shows that features of inflammation (pruritus)/autoimmunity (halo naevi, thyroid antibodies) are strongly linked to NSV, together with a familial background of vitiligo and autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and National Centre for Rare Skin Disorders, Bordeaux, France. khaled.ezzedine@chu-bordeaux.fr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ezzedine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Léauté-Labrèze
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mossalayi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouchtnei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cario-André
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seneschal
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boralevi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jouary
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taieb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*