title: Histone methyltransferase EZH2 induces Akt-dependent genomic instability and BRCA1 inhibition in breast cancer.
abstract: Increased levels of EZH2, a critical regulator of cellular memory, signal the presence of metastasis and poor outcome in breast cancer patients. High levels of EZH2 are associated with nuclear pleomorphism, lack of estrogen receptor expression, and decreased nuclear levels of BRCA1 tumor suppressor protein in invasive breast carcinomas. The mechanism by which EZH2 overexpression promotes the growth of poorly differentiated invasive carcinomas remains to be defined. Here, we show that EZH2 controls the intracellular localization of BRCA1 protein. Conditional doxycycline-induced upregulation of EZH2 in benign mammary epithelial cells results in nuclear export of BRCA1 protein, aberrant mitoses with extra centrosomes, and genomic instability. EZH2 inhibition in CAL51 breast cancer cells induces BRCA1 nuclear localization and rescues defects in ploidy and mitosis. Mechanistically, EZH2 overexpression is sufficient for activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway specifically through activation of Akt isoform 1. EZH2-induced BRCA1 nuclear export, aneuploidy, and mitotic defects were prevented by treatment with the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 or wortmannin. Targeted inhibition of Akt-1, Akt-2, and Akt-3 isoforms revealed that the EZH2-induced phenotype requires specific activation of Akt-1. The relevance of our studies to human breast cancer is highlighted by the finding that high EZH2 protein levels are associated with upregulated expression of phospho-Akt-1 (Ser473) and decreased nuclear expression of phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1423) in 39% of invasive breast carcinomas. These results enable us to pinpoint one mechanism by which EZH2 regulates BRCA1 expression and genomic stability mediated by the PI3K/Akt-1 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: DuPrie
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Sofia D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Merajver
authors.forename: Alejandra C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Kathy A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Toy
authors.forename: Celina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kleer
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D042822:Genomic Instability; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D002867:Chromones; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071221:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000077191:Wortmannin; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C498409:EZH2 protein, human