title: Pharmacometrics in dose finding or dose optimization of anti-retroviral and anti-tubercular drugs.
abstract: Drug development continues to be time consuming, expensive and less efficient, while drug therapy is often administered at suboptimal levels. This is particularly true with anti-infectives for HIV and tuberculosis. The application of pharmacometric principles and models to drug development and pharmacotherapy will improve the drug approval process and selection of optimal dosage regimens or therapeutic combinations. In this review we mainly focus on the utilities of pharmacometrics in the dose selections of anti-retroviral and anti-tubercular drugs. We will examine how pharmacometrics have been useful in the area of dose selections, preclinical to clinical scaling, subpopulation selections, combination therapies, adherence assessments, and resistance prevention dosing strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville FL 32610, USA. hartmut@cop.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Sreedharan Nair
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sabarinath
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peloquin
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents