title: Surgical management of vascular lesions of the head and neck: a review of 115 cases.
abstract: Vascular anomalies are amongst the most common congenital abnormalities observed in infants and children. Their occurrence in the head and neck region is a source of functional and aesthetic compromise. This article reviews the surgical management of 115 cases of vascular anomalies involving the head and neck area treated by the authors between 1998 and 2009. It discusses the diagnostic aids, treatment protocol and the results obtained. A new classification based on the anatomical location and depth of the lesion has been proposed. This allows guidelines for surgical ablation of the vascular lesions. The complications encountered are discussed. The use of external carotid artery control as opposed to pre-surgical embolization has proved effective and the technique is described. The location and extent of a vascular malformation should dictate the preoperative investigations, surgical procedure and subsequent outcome.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India. snmaxfax@gmail.com
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003250:Constriction; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006257:Head / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult