title: Diagnostic reproducibility of the elongated styloid process.
abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the reproducibility related to the presence and to the measurements of elongated styloid process (ESP), based on panoramic radiographs and the prevalence of ESP.
  
  
  METHODS
  one hundred sixty six panoramic radiographs were used, from edentulous patients from the Radiology Clinic files, at Araraquara Dental School, Unesp, during a four-year period. One hundred and twenty one were female and 45 were male. Two calibrated observers evaluated the radiographs. A caliper was used to measure, in mm, the ESP from the base of the temporal bone to the tip of the structure. The ESP was considered present when the measurements were 30mm or more. Kappa statistics (k ) and intra-class correlation coefficient (r ), were applied to estimate the reproducibility. The results showed that related to the presence of ESP, the interobserver agreement was k =0.85. Related to the measurements of ESP, the interobserver agreement was r =0.52. The prevalence of ESP was estimated in 12.6%. ESP distribution in females was similar to that for males. In conclusion, we found a greater level of agreement when observers evaluated the presence of ESP than when they did the measurement of ESP. The prevalence of ESP was 12.6%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, State of São Paulo University.
authors.forename: Gulnara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scaf
authors.forename: Deborah Queiroz de
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Leonor de Castro Monteiro
authors.initials: Lde C
authors.lastname: Loffredo