title: Subacute encephalopathy and seizures in alcoholics (SESA) presenting with non-convulsive status epilepticus.
abstract: Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in chronic alcoholism (SESA) was first described in 1981 by Niedermeyer who reported alcoholic patients presenting with confusion, seizures and focal neurological deficits and is quite distinct from patients presenting with typical alcohol withdrawal seizures. EEG often reveals periodic discharges and spikes, but SESA presenting with non-convulsive status epilepticus has rarely been described. We report a case of SESA with non-convulsive status epilepticus in a patient who was initially suspected of having a typical alcohol withdrawal seizure. A 61 year old woman with a history of chronic alcoholism was admitted at an outside hospital for confusion thought to be secondary to an alcohol withdrawal seizure. She had right hemiparesis and later developed right facial twitching that did not respond to intravenous fosphenytoin and levetiracetam. She was transferred for further management. Upon arrival, lorazepam and fosphenytoin were given and right face clonic movements resolved. However, continuous EEG monitoring revealed ongoing non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). Following treatment with IV valproate and lacosamide, there was resolution of NCSE. SESA is likely an under recognized clinical syndrome that is quite distinct from typical alcohol withdrawal seizures and requires a different diagnostic and management approach. NCSE is likely to account for the encephalopathy and focal neurological deficits seen in patients presenting with the clinical syndrome of SESA. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion is warranted and continuous EEG monitoring is recommended for alcoholic patients with encephalopathy and focal neurological deficits.
authors: Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. slaroch@emory.edu
authors: Suzette M
authors: SM
authors: LaRoche
authors: Rosita
authors: R
authors: Shivdat-Nanhoe
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020270:Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003221:Confusion / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000078334:Lacosamide; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010291:Paresis / Q000150:complications; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000078334:Lacosamide; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; C043114:fosphenytoin; D008140:Lorazepam