title: Protective effects of cynaroside against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.
abstract: Flavonoids with potent anti-oxidative effects are the major effective components in traditional herbal medicine used in treating cardiovascular diseases. Cynaroside is a flavonoid compound that exhibits anti-oxidative capabilities. However, little is known about its effect on oxidative injury to cardiac myocytes and the underlying mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of cynaroside against H(2) O(2) -induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. H9c2 cells were pretreated with cynaroside for 4 h before exposure to 150 µM H(2) O(2) for 6  h. H(2) O(2) treatment caused severe injury to the H9c2 cells, which was accompanied by apoptosis, as revealed by analysis of cell nuclear morphology, through Annexin V FITC/PI staining and caspase proteases activation. Cynaroside pretreatment significantly reduced the apoptotic rate by enhancing the endogenous anti-oxidative activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, thereby inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, cynaroside moderated H(2) O(2) -induced disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and thereby inhibited the release of apoptogenic factors (cytochrome c and smac/Diablo) from mitochondria in H9c2 cells. Our data also demonstrated that cynaroside pretreatment showed an inhibitory effect on the H(2) O(2) -induced increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P53 protein expression. These results suggest that cynaroside prevents H(2) O(2) -induced apoptosis in H9c2 cell by reducing the endogenous production of ROS, maintaining mitochondrial function, and modulating the JNK and P53 pathways.
authors: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Gui-Bo
authors: GB
authors: Sun
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xiao
authors: Xiao-Bo
authors: XB
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D005960:Glucosides; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C066408:luteolin-7-glucoside; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020169:Caspases; D047311:Luteolin