title: Inhibition of hyaluronan synthase-3 decreases subcutaneous colon cancer growth by increasing apoptosis.
abstract: Hyaluronan (HA) and hyaluronan synthases (HAS) have been implicated in cancer growth and progression. We previously have shown that HAS3 and HA mediate tumor growth in SW620 colon cancer cells, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. In addition, the effect of HAS3 inhibition on tumor growth with other cells lines has not been explored. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of HAS3 in highly tumorigenic HCT116 colon cancer cells would decrease tumor growth and that the underlying mechanism would involve altering proliferation and/or apoptosis. HAS3 expression was inhibited by transfection with siRNA; a scrambled sequence served as a control. Stable transfectants were injected into the flanks of nude mice and tumor growth followed for 30 days. Proliferation and apoptosis were then assessed in the harvested tumors. Results were compared using the Students' t-test and ANOVA where appropriate. siRNA transfection decreased HAS3 expression, protein production, and pericellular HA retention, and decreased in vivo tumor growth. Proliferation was unaffected in the HCT116 tumors, but increased slightly in the SW620 tumors. In contrast, HAS3 inhibition significantly increased apoptosis in all tumors. HAS3 inhibition decreases subcutaneous tumor growth by colon cancer cells and significantly increases apoptosis with less effect on proliferation. These data show that HAS3 and HA mediate colon cancer growth by inhibiting apoptosis.
authors: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. melissa.heffler@roswellpark.org
authors: Brian P
authors: BP
authors: Teng
authors: Melissa D
authors: MD
authors: Heffler
authors: Eric C
authors: EC
authors: Lai
authors: Ya-Li
authors: YL
authors: Zhao
authors: Charles M
authors: CM
authors: LeVea
authors: Vita M
authors: VM
authors: Golubovskaya
authors: Kelli M
authors: KM
authors: Bullarddunn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D047368:Tumor Burden; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; C105458:HAS3 protein, human; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D053148:Caspase 3