title: Analysis of five cases with neurogenic stuttering following brain injury in the basal ganglia.
abstract: This study examined stuttering patterns in five patients with basal ganglia injury. None of the patients had a history of developmental stuttering. Four patients were right-handed; one patient was ambidextrous. Stuttering tests administered to patients assessed sentence repetition, reading aloud, explanations of a comic strip, and conversation. Accessory behaviors such as facial grimaces, associated movements of the limbs, and avoidance behaviors were observed. The results of this study differ from those of previous studies of neurogenic stuttering in several respects: (1) blocks were frequently observed. (2) Adaptation was observed. (3) Almost all stuttering occurred at the initiation of words. (4) Across patients, stuttering frequency did not vary in a consistent manner with speaking task. New speech characteristics for neurogenic stuttering without aphasia following injury to the basal ganglia are described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After reading this text, the reader will be able to: (1) provide characteristics of neurogenic stuttering after the basal ganglia in patients without aphasia; (2) discuss the difference of the features and characteristics of stuttering between previously reported patients and present patients.
authors: Department of Rehabilitation, Hidaka Hospital, Gunma University School of Health Science, 886, Nakao-cho, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0001, Japan. tt42712@arion.ocn.ne.jp
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Tani
authors: Yasujiro
authors: Y
authors: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011699:Putamen / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D013342:Stuttering / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed