title: Atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy: physiological principles and overview of available methods.
abstract: In this review, the physiological rationale for atrioventricular and interventricular delay optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy is discussed including the influence of exercise and long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy. The broad spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive optimization methods is reviewed with critical appraisal of the literature. Although the spectrum of both invasive and non-invasive optimization methods is broad, no single method can be recommend for standard practice as large-scale studies using hard endpoints are lacking. Current efforts mainly investigate optimization during resting conditions; however, there is a need to develop automated algorithms to implement dynamic optimization in order to adapt to physiological alterations during exercise and after anatomical remodeling.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, P.O. Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands. cardiology@houthuizen.be
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Houthuizen
authors: Frank A L E
authors: FA
authors: Bracke
authors: Berry M
authors: BM
authors: van Gelder
mesh_terms: D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D004562:Electrocardiography; D015444:Exercise; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016276:Ventricular Function