title: Intake of Japanese and Chinese teas reduces risk of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Studies that have addressed the association between the intake of coffee or caffeine and Parkinson's disease (PD) were conducted mainly in Western countries. Little is known about this relationship in an Asian population. Therefore, we performed an assessment of the association of the intake of coffee, other caffeine-containing beverages, and caffeine with the risk of PD in Japan. The study involved 249 PD cases and 368 control subjects. Information on dietary factors was obtained through a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Adjustment was made for sex, age, region of residence, educational level, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, the dietary glycemic index, and intake of cholesterol, vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin B(6,) alcohol, and iron. Intake of coffee, black tea, and Japanese and Chinese teas was significantly inversely associated with the risk of PD: the adjusted odds ratios in comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile were 0.52, 0.58, and 0.59, respectively (95% confidence intervals = 0.30-0.90, 0.35-0.97, and 0.35-0.995, respectively). A clear inverse dose-response relationship between total caffeine intake and PD risk was observed. We confirmed that the intake of coffee and caffeine reduced the risk of PD. Furthermore, this is the first study to show a significant inverse relationship between the intake of Japanese and Chinese teas and the risk of PD.
authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. k-tanaka@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Miyake
authors: Wakaba
authors: W
authors: Fukushima
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Sasaki
authors: Chikako
authors: C
authors: Kiyohara
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Tsuboi
authors: Tatsuo
authors: T
authors: Yamada
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Oeda
authors: Takami
authors: T
authors: Miki
authors: Nobutoshi
authors: N
authors: Kawamura
authors: Nobutaka
authors: N
authors: Sakae
authors: Hidenao
authors: H
authors: Fukuyama
authors: Yoshio
authors: Y
authors: Hirota
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003069:Coffee; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine