title: Individuality in male songs of wild black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor).
abstract: This is the first study of vocal individuality in male songs of black crested gibbons. The sound recordings were carried out at two field sites, Pinghe, Ailao Mountains, and Dazhaizi, Wuliang Mountains, both located in Yunnan province, China. A total of 127 coda phrases of 38 male songs bouts of eight individual male gibbons were analyzed. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to examine the acoustic individuality of the males. We found that individuality among neighbors was very pronounced. Moreover, individuality within a site (i.e. among neighbors) is higher than among individuals between sites. Our finding suggests that black crested gibbons may actively increase their degree of vocal individuality against that of their immediate neighbors by vocal adjustment.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China.
authors: Guo-Zheng
authors: GZ
authors: Sun
authors: Bei
authors: B
authors: Huang
authors: Zhen-Hua
authors: ZH
authors: Guan
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Geissmann
authors: Xue-Long
authors: XL
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004777:Environment; D016674:Hylobatidae / Q000523:psychology*; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000662:veterinary; D014828:Vocalization, Animal