title: Novel contact-dependent bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
abstract: We previously proposed a model that DALLY, a Drosophila glypican, acts as a trans co-receptor to regulate BMP signaling in the germ line stem cell niche. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of contact-dependent BMP signaling, we developed novel in vitro assay systems to monitor trans signaling using Drosophila S2 cells. Using immunoblot-based as well as single-cell assay systems, we present evidence that Drosophila glypicans indeed enhance BMP signaling in trans in a contact-dependent manner in vitro. Our analysis showed that heparan sulfate modification is required for the trans co-receptor activity of DALLY. Two BMP-like molecules, Decapentaplegic (DPP) and Glass bottom boat, can mediate trans signaling through a heparan sulfate proteoglycan co-receptor in S2 cells. The in vitro systems reflect the molecular characteristics of heparan sulfate proteoglycan functions observed previously in vivo, such as ligand specificity and biphasic activity dependent on the ligand dosage. In addition, experiments using a DALLY-coated surface suggested that DALLY regulates DPP signaling in trans by its effect on the stability of DPP protein on the surface of the contacting cells. Our findings provide the molecular foundation for novel contact-dependent signaling, which defines the physical space of the stem cell niche in vivo.
authors: Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors: Katsufumi
authors: K
authors: Dejima
authors: Makoto I
authors: MI
authors: Kanai
authors: Takuya
authors: T
authors: Akiyama
authors: Daniel C
authors: DC
authors: Levings
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Nakato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; C098128:dally protein, Drosophila; C064196:dpp protein, Drosophila; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006493:Heparin