title: Characterization of HIV type 1 subtype C protease gene: selection of L63P mutation in protease inhibitor-naive Indian patients.
abstract: Significant subtype-specific differences were observed in the protease (PR) region of the HIV-1 pol gene. Most of the previous studies were restricted to subtype B, although subtype C accounts for more than 50% of HIV infections worldwide. In this study we characterized PR sequences from primary clinical isolates from protease inhibitor (PI)-naive patients in South India (n=39) as well as database-derived HIV-1 subtype C sequences from India (n=542) and globally (n=2970). All the study sequences were identified as subtype C, which is predominant in India. Drug resistance genotyping analysis identified 2.6% (1/39) prevalence of major PI resistance (I54T) and 7.7% (3/39) of minor PI resistance (L10I, T74S, and A71T). Selection of T12S, I15V, L19I, M36I, R41K, H69K, L89M, and I93L was observed both in global and Indian subtype C while the L63P mutation was selected in Indian PR sequences. Three different codon-based maximum likelihood methods agreed on four sites (12, 19, 36, and 82) under positive selection in Indian sequences.
authors: St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. ujjwalneogi@gmail.com
authors: Ujjwal
authors: U
authors: Neogi
authors: Pravat Nalini
authors: PN
authors: Sahoo
authors: Ravi
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Ayesha
authors: A
authors: De Costa
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Shet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002648:Child; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015751:Genes, pol / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016333:HIV Protease