title: Possible impact of global warming on the evolution of hemagglutinins from influenza a viruses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if global warming has an impact on the evolution of hemagglutinins from influenza A viruses, because both global warming and influenza pandemics/epidemics threaten the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 706 hemagglutinins from influenza A viruses sampled from 1956 to 2009 were converted to a time-series to show their evolutionary process and compared with the global, northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere temperatures, to determine if their trends run in similar or opposite directions. Point-to-point comparisons between temperature and quantified hemagglutinins were performed for all species and for the major prevailing species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparisons show that the trends for both hemagglutinin evolution and temperature change run in a similar direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Global warming has a consistent and progressive impact on the hemagglutinin evolution of influenza A viruses.
authors: National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China.
authors: Shaomin
authors: S
authors: Yan
authors: Guang
authors: G
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D057232:Global Warming; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus