title: Hyporesponsiveness and its clinical implications after vaccination with polysaccharide or glycoconjugate vaccines.
abstract: Hyporesponsiveness (immune tolerance) follows vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharide and many pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes. Hyporesponsiveness after Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccination has not been directly observed, but may follow exposure during disease in some individuals. Use of currently licensed conjugate vaccines has not been associated with hyporesponsiveness to date, with the possible exception of pneumococcal serotype 3. Introduction of polysaccharide vaccines anywhere into a conjugate vaccination schedule may result in reduced immune responses on subsequent exposure. This review of vaccine-induced hyporesponsiveness and its potential clinical implications considers recent evidence suggesting that hyporesponsiveness may occur for specific components of combined conjugate vaccines, such as pneumococcal serotype 3. These data have implications for the development of new multivalent vaccines.
authors: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium. jan.poolman@gskbio.com
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Poolman
authors: Ray
authors: R
authors: Borrow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate