title: Impact of implementation of free high-quality health care on health facility attendance by sick children in rural western Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether implementation of free high-quality care as part of research programmes resulted in greater health facility attendance by sick children.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants (IPTi), begun in 2004, and population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS), begun in 2005 in Asembo, rural western Kenya, free high-quality care was offered to infants and persons of all ages, respectively, at one Asembo facility, Lwak Hospital. We compared rates of sick-child visits by children <10 years to all seven Asembo clinics before and after implementation of free high-quality care in 10 intervention villages closest to Lwak Hospital and 8 nearby comparison villages not participating in the studies. Incidence rates and rate ratios for sick-child visits were compared between intervention and comparison villages by time period using Poisson regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After IPTi began, the rate of sick-child visits for infants, the study's target group, in intervention villages increased by 191% (95% CI 75-384) more than in comparison villages, but did not increase significantly more in older children. After PBIDS began, the rate of sick-child visits in intervention villages increased by 267% (95% CI 76-661) more than that in comparison villages for all children <10 years. The greatest increases in visit rates in intervention villages occurred 3-6 months after the intervention started. Visits for cough showed greater increases than visits for fever or diarrhoea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of free high-quality care increased healthcare use by sick children. Cost and quality of care are potentially modifiable barriers to improving access to care in rural Africa.
authors: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Clara R
authors: CR
authors: Burgert
authors: Godfrey
authors: G
authors: Bigogo
authors: Kubaje
authors: K
authors: Adazu
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Odhiambo
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Buehler
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Breiman
authors: Kayla
authors: K
authors: Laserson
authors: Mary J
authors: MJ
authors: Hamel
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Feikin
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D046688:Child Mortality / Q000639:trends; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005249:Fees and Charges; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012621:Seasons