title: TLR3-dependent regulation of cytokines in human mesangial cells: a novel role for IP-10 and TNF-alpha in hepatitis C-associated glomerulonephritis.
abstract: In viral infections, disease manifestations and tissue damage often result primarily from immune cells infiltrating target organs on the basis of an ineffectual viral clearance with persistent antigenemia or an inappropriate immune response. Cell types and mediators defining these inflammatory processes are still inadequately understood. In hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis, analysis of interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP-10) as a chemokine centrally involved in early antiviral response and TNF-α known to balance proinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in inflammation shows a significant upregulation of both IP-10 and TNF-α mediated specifically by the viral receptor Toll-like receptor 3 expressed on mesangial cells. IP-10 induction is further potentiated by TNF-α signaling, preferentially via the TNF-α receptor subtype 2 selectively increased upon stimulation of viral receptors in the proinflammatory milieu.
authors: Medizinische Poliklinik-Klinikum der LMU, Pettenkoferstrasse 8a, 80336 München, Germany.
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Merkle
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Wörnle
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000502:physiology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007370:Interferon Type I; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; C437968:PLAAT4 protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011070:Poly I-C