title: Neuronal intrinsic mechanisms of axon regeneration.
abstract: Failure of axon regeneration after central nervous system (CNS) injuries results in permanent functional deficits. Numerous studies in the past suggested that blocking extracellular inhibitory influences alone is insufficient to allow the majority of injured axons to regenerate, pointing to the importance of revisiting the hypothesis that diminished intrinsic regenerative ability critically underlies regeneration failure. Recent studies in different species and using different injury models have started to reveal important cellular and molecular mechanisms within neurons that govern axon regeneration. This review summarizes these observations and discusses possible strategies for stimulating axon regeneration and perhaps functional recovery after CNS injury.
authors: FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Liu
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Tedeschi
authors: Kevin Kyungsuk
authors: KK
authors: Park
authors: Zhigang
authors: Z
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP