title: Efficacy comparison between povidone iodine 2.5% and tetracycline 1% in prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of povidone iodine solution 2.5% and tetracycline ointment 1% in prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum (ON).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-hundred ninety-four full-term neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized comparison between 201 neonates randomly treated with povidone iodine 2.5% solution and 193 treated with tetracycline 1% ointment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of ON.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ON was significantly higher after povidone iodine than tetracycline prophylaxis (15.4% and 5.2% respectively; P = 0.001). Noninfective ON developed in 10 (5%) of the 201 neonates treated with povidone iodine and in none (0%) of the neonates treated with tetracycline (P = .002). Infective ON was detected in 21 (10.4%) of the neonates treated with povidone iodine and in 10 (5.2%) after treatment with tetracycline (P = .052). Ophthalmia neonatorum appeared more commonly in the first 3 days after treatment with povidone iodine (P = .043). The spectrum of the infective isolates was similar in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Povidone iodine was associated with noninfective (sterile) conjunctivitis, probably because of its toxicity to the ocular surface in neonates. Tetracycline was marginally more effective against infective ON. For these reasons, tetracycline, rather than povidone iodine, is recommended for prevention of ON.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Western Galilee-Nahariya Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: David
authors: Shimon
authors: S
authors: Rumelt
authors: Zalman
authors: Z
authors: Weintraub
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments; D009878:Ophthalmia Neonatorum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012996:Solutions; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009824:Ointments; D012996:Solutions; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D013752:Tetracycline