title: Simultaneous occurrence of a single coronary artery and persistent left superior vena cava.
abstract: We present a case of simultaneous occurrence of 2 rare congenital anomalies. A 57-year-old woman undergoing evaluation of dyspnea was found to have a single coronary artery and persistent left superior vena cava. The incidence of single coronary artery is 0.024% to 0.066% in the general population. Persistent left superior vena cava occurs in 0.3% of those without other congenital anomalies and in up to 5% when other anomalies are present. The likelihood of both anomalies occurring as a random event in 1 patient is approximately 1 in 10 million. Patient characteristics and data are presented, with a discussion on the epidemiology, incidence, diagnosis and pathologic implications of each anomaly.
authors: Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Hass
authors: Ammar
authors: A
authors: Shreef
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Bumgarner
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Gillespie
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: Stouffer
mesh_terms: D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology*