title: Pulmonary function in pubertal synchronized swimmers: 1-year follow-up results and its relation to competitive achievement.
abstract: Pulmonary function (PF) is particularly important in synchronized swimming, considering the characteristics of this sport. However, the sanitizing agents (chlorine) used in pools can have a possible negative influence on the PF parameters. In this study, we observed 24 swimmers (all women, 14 to 16 years of age) and measured their PF and competitive achievement. PF was measured before and after a 1-year period and included standard spirometric variables. Competitive achievement was evidenced during the National Championship. The t-test showed significant increases in body height and weight of the participants and a resulting increase in most of the absolute respiratory flows and pulmonary capacities. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (both in proportion to norm for body height, gender, and age) increased significantly within the study period. FVC significantly predicted the competitive achievement of young swimmers, most probably because artists have to achieve exceptional breath control when upside down underwater. In conclusion, we found no evidence for the eventual negative influence of chlorine and its compounds on the PF of swimmers, and results showed that regular synchronized swim training could improve the PF of young artists.
authors: Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia. goran.gabrilo@kifst.hr
authors: Goran
authors: G
authors: Gabrilo
authors: Mia
authors: M
authors: Peric
authors: Marija
authors: M
authors: Stipic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D017523:Croatia; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013147:Spirometry; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013551:Swimming Pools
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds