title: Factors associated with quality of life in hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm during long-term treatment with botulinum toxin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to assess the impact of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and blepharospasm (BS) on quality of life (QOL) during long-term treatment with botulinum toxin injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with HFS and 32 patients with BS as well as two healthy age- and sex-matched control groups were included in the study. All participants independently completed the disease-specific questionnaire for QOL, the HFS-30, and the Thai Depression Inventory, and also provided a peak improvement score assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disease severity in both patient groups revealed mild functional impairment. The scores of HFS-30 in HFS patients (four of 8 subscales) and BS patients (3 of 8 subscales) were significantly higher than the control groups. In both HFS and BS, depression scores were positively correlated with the HFS-30 scores, while peak improvement and educational level were inversely correlated with the HFS-30 scores. Patients with BS were more affected in Mobility and Activities of Daily Living than HFS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both HFS and BS affect QOL both physically and mentally despite clinical improvement with botulinum toxin. Depression and peak improvement after injection were associated with the level of QOL.
authors: Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. ssuwanna@medicine.psu.ac.th
authors: Suwanna
authors: S
authors: Setthawatcharawanich
authors: Pornchai
authors: P
authors: Sathirapanya
authors: Kitti
authors: K
authors: Limapichat
authors: Kanitpong
authors: K
authors: Phabphal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins