title: Assessment of receptor occupancy-over-time of two dopamine transporter inhibitors by [(11)C]CIT and target controlled infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupancy-over-time was determined for two dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors through modeling of their ability to displace the PET ligand [(11)C]CIT. The tracer was held at a pseudo steady state in a reference tissue by target controlled infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rhesus monkeys (n = 5) were given [(11)C]CIT and studied with a PET scanner. Tracer uptake in the reference tissue cerebellum was held at a pseudo steady state by use of target controlled infusion. The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics(PK/PD) of [(11)C]CIT was assessed through the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM). Bupropion (n = 2) and GBR-12909 (n = 2) receptor occupancies were estimated through modeling of their effects on [(11)C]CIT displacement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a high uptake of [(11)C]CIT in striatum, which contains a high DAT density. The reference tissue cerebellum had a comparatively low uptake. The modeling of [(11)C]CIT PK/PD properties in striatum showed high binding potential (BP = 5.34 ± 0.78). Both DAT inhibitors caused immediate displacement of [(11)C]CIT after administration. The occupancy-over-time was modeled as a mono-exponential function, describing initial maximal occupancy (Occ(0)) and rate of ligand-receptor dissociation (k(off)). GBR-12909 showed irreversible binding (k(off) = 0) after an initial occupancy of 76.1%. Bupropion had a higher initial occupancy (84.5%) followed by a release half-life of 33 minutes (k(off) = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed model can be used for assessment of in-vivo occupancy-over-time of DAT ligands by use of target controlled infusion of [(11)C]CIT. The concept of assessing drug-receptor interactions by studying perturbations of a PET tracer from a pseudo steady state can be transferred to other CNS systems.
authors: Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Division of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. olof.eriksson@radiol.uu.se
authors: Olof
authors: O
authors: Eriksson
authors: Bengt
authors: B
authors: Långström
authors: Ray
authors: R
authors: Josephsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016642:Bupropion / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010879:Piperazines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D016642:Bupropion; C043425:vanoxerine