title: Analysis of >1000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in geographically matched samples of landrace and wild barley indicates secondary contact and chromosome-level differences in diversity around domestication genes.
abstract: Barley is a model species for the investigation of the evolution, adaptation and spread of the world's important crops. In this article, we describe the first application of an oligonucleotide pool assay single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) platform to assess the evolution of barley in a portion of the Fertile Crescent, a key region in the development of farming. A large collection of >1000 genetically mapped, genome-wide SNPs was assayed in geographically matched landrace and wild barley accessions (N=448) from Jordan and Syria. Landrace and wild barley categories were clearly genetically differentiated, but a limited degree of secondary contact was evident. Significant chromosome-level differences in diversity between barley types were observed around genes known to be involved in the evolution of cultivars. The region of Jordan and southern Syria, compared with the north of Syria, was supported by SNP data as a more likely domestication origin. Our data provide evidence for hybridization as a possible mechanism for the continued adaptation of landrace barley under cultivation, indicate regions of the genome that may be subject to selection processes and suggest limited origins for the development of the cultivated crop.
authors: Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
authors: Joanne
authors: J
authors: Russell
authors: Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
authors: Ian K
authors: IK
authors: Dawson
authors: University of Dundee at SCRI, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Flavell
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Steffenson
authors: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Mali Regional Office, B.P. 320, Bamako, Mali.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Weltzien
authors: Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Booth
authors: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Ceccarelli
authors: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria.
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Grando
authors: Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
authors: Robbie
authors: R
authors: Waugh
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D007597:Jordan; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013593:Syria
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant