title: Comparison of standard methods for assessing dietary intake of benzo[a]pyrene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inconsistent presence and strength of associations between dietary benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and cancers may be due to differences in exposure assessment methods. Thus, we determined correlations of usual meat and BaP intake among three methods: food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), diet diaries, and a biomarker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six nonsmokers were recruited in Baltimore, MD during 2004-2005. Meat and BaP intake estimated from baseline and follow-up FFQs combined with a BaP residue database (FFQ-RD), mean meat and BaP intake estimated from three diet diaries coupled with the residue database (Diary-RD), and mean of three urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG) measurements were compared using Spearman correlations. Collections spanned approximately nine months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BaP intakes from meat from the baseline [median = 6.4, interquartile range (IQR) = 13.9 ng/d] and follow-up FFQ-RD (median = 7.3, IQR = 35.7 ng/d) were higher than the Diary-RD (median = 1.1, IQR = 7.4 ng/d). Mean 1-OHPG concentration was weakly correlated with mean meat intake (r = 0.33, P = 0.05) and BaP intake from meat (r = 0.27, P = 0.11) from the Diary-RD. Mean BaP intake estimated from the Diary-RD was positively correlated with the follow-up (r = 0.35, P = 0.04) but not baseline (r = 0.20, P = 0.24) FFQ; the converse was true for meat intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diary-RD estimates were supported by biomarker measurements, but considerable unexplained variability remained. Limited correlation among the dietary BaP exposure assessment methods could be due to differences in timeframes covered by the assessments, interpersonal variability in metabolism, deficiencies in the residue database, or nondietary exposures to BaP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited correlation in estimated BaP intake among standard methods may contribute to inconsistent epidemiology of BaP and cancer.
authors: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. dezielnc@mail.nih.gov
authors: Nicole C
authors: NC
authors: Deziel
authors: Paul T
authors: PT
authors: Strickland
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Platz
authors: Salahaddin
authors: S
authors: Abubaker
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene