title: Blood lead levels during different trimesters of pregnancy and the possible influencing factors in Chengdu, China.
abstract: Lead is a toxic element. It can damage multiple human organs and systems. In present study, we detected the blood lead levels (BLLs) during the whole pregnancy period and 6-12th weeks after delivery and analyzed their influencing factors by healthy pregnant women. We recruited 128 healthy pregnant women absent of pregnancy or obstetric complications or abnormal pregnancy outcomes as the gravida group. The control group consisted of 120 healthy non-pregnant women. The lead concentrations of all the three pregnancy trimesters and postpartum were: 5.95 ± 2.27, 5.51 ± 1.93, 5.57 ± 1.85, and 6.88 ± 1.90 μg/dl; and the mean lead concentration of control group was 6.87 ± 2.29 μg/dl. We found that the BLLs of the gravida group were lower than that of control group during all three trimesters and occupations, supplement nutrition elements, and time of house painted could affect blood lead levels of pregnant women. Lead-related occupations, using cosmetics, and living in a house painted <1 year are risk factors of high BLLs among pregnant women, while calcium, iron, zinc, and milk supplements are protective factors. These may help people especially pregnant women to reduce lead exposure via supplement of calcium, iron, zinc, and milk or avoiding contacting above risk factors.
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yongmei
authors: Y
authors: Jiang
authors: Haijuan
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Ge
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Dai
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhou
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003358:Cosmetics; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010150:Paint; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D007854:Lead