title: Overexpression of Forkhead box M1 protein associates with aggressive tumor features and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The aim of this study was to detect the expression of the Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to associate FOXM1 expression with clinicopathological features of the patients, and predict the prognosis of patients with FOXM1 expression. Surgical tissue specimens from 151 HCC patients were subjected to a tissue microarray construction and immunohistochemistry analysis of FOXM1 and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The data showed that the FOXM1 protein was expressed in 59.3% of the HCC tissues, which was significantly higher compared to that of the surrounding non-tumorous tissues (23.8%; P<0.001). Moreover, FOXM1 expression was positively correlated with the labeling index of PCNA (P<0.001) in HCC and with aggressive tumor phenotypes, such as larger tumor size, multiple tumors, bilobar involvement, poor tumor cell differentiation, advanced stage and macrovascular invasion (P<0.05). In addition, HCC patients with FOXM1-positive tumors had a poorer recurrence-free and overall survival after hepatectomy than those with FOXM1-negative tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that FOXM1 expression was an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome (P<0.05). The data from the current study suggest that FOXM1 may play an important role in HCC progression and could be further evaluated as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
authors: Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
authors: Hong-Cheng
authors: HC
authors: Sun
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Ji-Lin
authors: JL
authors: Lu
authors: Dong-Wang
authors: DW
authors: Yan
authors: Chong-Zhi
authors: CZ
authors: Zhou
authors: Jun-Wei
authors: JW
authors: Fan
authors: Xue-Bin
authors: XB
authors: Qin
authors: Hua-Mei
authors: HM
authors: Tang
authors: Zhi-Hai
authors: ZH
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors