title: Analysis of sequential cytokine release after ACL reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is common and may necessitate surgical reconstruction. Surgical reconstruction aims to restore normal kinematics and biology within the knee. The acute phase response after surgical reconstruction remains poorly defined but may influence graft integration through modulation of host tissue remodelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The very early host production of key cytokines after surgery was studied. A consecutive series of 14 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery were studied per-operatively, 1 and 6 h after surgery, examining the hypothesis that the acute phase response would be non-specific but consistent between individuals, demonstrating increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consistent increased release of monocyte-driven, non-specific, IL-1 and IL-6 release but not T cell-derived IL-2 was found. Perhaps, more interestingly, very early high concentrations of secondary growth factors PDGF and TGF-β suggestive of an anabolic response were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the contention that an anabolic response starts earlier than previously thought within the surgically reconstructed knee.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Hayward
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Deehan
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Aspden
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins