title: Use of the smart tongue to monitor mold growth and discriminate between four mold species grown in liquid media.
abstract: A novel voltammetric electronic tongue, smart tongue, was employed to monitor the growth of mold and to differentiate between four types of mold grown in liquid medium. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the relevant information obtained by the smart tongue. Reference growth curves were based on measurements of dry weight and pH. The growth detected by the smart tongue was basically consistent with that observed by the measurement of dry weight and pH. The optimal combinations of electrodes and frequencies for monitoring growth were as follows: for Aspergillus, both the Pt and Au electrodes at 1 Hz, 10 Hz and 100 Hz; for Penicillium, the Pt and W electrodes at 100 Hz; for Mucor, the Pt, Pd and W electrodes at the three frequency segments; for Rhizopus, the Pd, Ti and Ag electrodes at the three frequency segments. The Ag electrode at 10 Hz or 100 Hz frequency could differentiate well between the four types of mold for culturing 6 h in the liquid media. Therefore, the smart tongue has a promising future as a modern rapid analytical technology for the real time detection of the growth of mold and for the classification model of mold.
authors: Food Safety Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Department of Food Quality and Safety, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China. zhaogy-user@163.com
authors: Guangying
authors: G
authors: Zhao
authors: Xiaona
authors: X
authors: Lin
authors: Wenchao
authors: W
authors: Dou
authors: Shiyi
authors: S
authors: Tian
authors: Shaoping
authors: S
authors: Deng
authors: Jinqin
authors: J
authors: Shi
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004581:Electronics; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry; D009089:Mucor / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010407:Penicillium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007854:Lead; D012834:Silver; D010984:Platinum; D006046:Gold; D014414:Tungsten