title: A novel function for programmed death ligand-1 regulation of angiogenesis.
abstract: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) plays a critical role in T-cell regulatory function. Here, we report a newly discovered effect of PD-L1 on angiogenesis. We demonstrate that PD-L1 and its receptor CD80, but not PD-1, are expressed by primary murine lung and heart vascular endothelial cells and the miscrovascular endothelial cell line (MS1) at both the mRNA and protein levels in vitro. The inhibition of PD-L1 or CD80 expression in MS1 cells, by small-interfering RNA transfection, led to a significant up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression and cell proliferation levels in MS1 cells. Furthermore, MS1 cells were found to have a significantly lower proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression levels when they were co-cultured with PD-L1-expressing normal corneal epithelial cells, as compared to MS1 cells co-cultured with PD-L1(-/-) corneal epithelial cells. In a suture-induced corneal angiogenesis model, we observed a significantly higher level of angiogenic response in PD-L1(-/-) knockout mice as compared to wild-type mice, although there was no significant difference in the expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, or tumor necrosis factor-α) or the infiltration of innate immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) between the two groups. We conclude that the expression of PD-L1 in both vascular endothelial cells and corneal epithelial cells regulates corneal angiogenesis.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Yiping
authors: Y
authors: Jin
authors: Sunil K
authors: SK
authors: Chauhan
authors: Jaafar
authors: J
authors: El Annan
authors: Jaafar E I
authors: JE
authors: Annan
authors: Peter T
authors: PT
authors: Sage
authors: Arlene H
authors: AH
authors: Sharpe
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Dana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008833:Microcirculation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C498919:Cd274 protein, mouse; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010455:Peptides