title: Which growth criteria better predict fetal programming?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether customised (ct) growth criteria are more reliable than standard (st) ones to predict intrauterine insult.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 mothers and their singleton term neonates selected as small for gestational age (st-SGA=8) or appropriate for gestational age (st-AGA=24).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nitric oxide, high-sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP), uric acid, blood lipids and protein levels were analysed in maternal and cord blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Applying customised criteria yielded 16 ct-AGA, 13 ct-SGA and 3 ct-LGA (large for gestational age) babies. Both st-SGA and ct-SGA babies had higher nitric oxide and hs-CRP levels. Their mothers had lower albumin fractions. st-SGA babies also had higher triglyceride and cholesterol levels. ct-LGA babies and mothers had higher uric acid levels, and the mothers had higher triglyceride levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Customised growth criteria better identify babies submitted to unfavourable intrauterine environments. The authors suggest that combined with maternal biochemistry, these growth criteria can be used to screen for adverse fetal programming.
authors: Maternal-Fetal Cardiac Unit, Royal Portuguese Hospital, Av Portugal 163, Recife, PE 50090-900, Brazil. ssmattos@cardiol.br
authors: Sandra S
authors: SS
authors: Mattos
authors: Maria Elizabeth C
authors: ME
authors: Chaves
authors: Suzana Maria Ramos
authors: SM
authors: Costa
authors: Ana Catarina Matos
authors: AC
authors: Ishigami
authors: Sarah Bezerra
authors: SB
authors: Rêgo
authors: Vinicius
authors: V
authors: Souto Maior
authors: Rossana
authors: R
authors: Severi
authors: José Luiz
authors: JL
authors: de Lima Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide