title: Development of handwriting skill in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the development of handwriting, fine motor skills and school marks in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and relate the performance in handwriting skill to age and IQ at a 16-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 16 children (5 females, 11 males; mean age 11 years 4 months, SD 1 year 6 months, range 8-13 years) with left-sided hemiplegia were collected. The Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA) for handwriting skill, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) for fine motor skills, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC-R) for IQ, the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and school marks of children were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Handwriting quality, handwriting speed and fine motor skills improved over 16 months but the children with unilateral CP still performed below their peers. School marks did not change. The regression model (Adj. R(2) = 0.76) revealed that age and IQ were negatively correlated and good predictors for the improvement in handwriting quality. No relationship was found between handwriting speed and age or IQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with unilateral CP continued to develop handwriting skill over a longer time period than expected. Age and IQ predicted the rate of development in handwriting quality. Children kept up school marks despite the increasing demands of the succeeding grade.
authors: Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. sermin.tukel-kavak@ki.se
authors: Şermin
authors: Ş
authors: Tükel Kavak
authors: Ann-Christin
authors: AC
authors: Eliasson
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014888:Wechsler Scales