title: Mortality due to myocardial infarction in the Bavarian population during World Cup Soccer 2006.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we had demonstrated that the World Cup Soccer 2006 provoked levels of emotional stress sufficient to increase the incidence of acute cardiovascular events. We sought to assess whether mortality was also increased as a result.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed daily data on mortality due to myocardial infarction (MI) and total mortality using data from the Bavarian State Office for Statistics. We retrospectively assessed study periods from 2006, 2005 and 2003. Quasi-Poisson regression with a log link to model the number of daily deaths was used. To be able to account for a possible delay, we also fitted a cubic distributed lag quasi-Poisson model for both 1 and 2 weeks post-exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6,699 deaths due to MI were investigated. No increase in death was found on days of World Cup matches either with or without German participation compared to the matched control periods. In addition, none of the analyses showed a significant effect of the (lagged) exposure to the risk period. Likewise, total mortality rates remained unchanged over the entire period of our analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During World Cup Soccer, the number of deaths due to myocardial infarction was not measurably increased compared to a matched control period. Thus, we could not demonstrate a translation of a stress-induced increase of cardiac morbidity into a noticeable increase in mortality. However, our findings are based on a public mortality registry, which may be flawed in many ways, regarding ascertainment of causes of death, in particular.
authors: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr.15, 81377 Munich, Germany. Ute.Wilbert-Lampen@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Wilbert-Lampen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nickel
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Scheipl
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Greven
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Küchenhoff
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kääb
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Steinbeck
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012916:Soccer; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*