title: Biomonitoring of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from adults after fixed orthodontic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 healthy adults (10 men and 13 women) undergoing orthodontic therapy were included in this setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results pointed out no significant statistically differences (P >0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells. In the same way, orthodontic therapy was not able to increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis (P >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, these data indicate that orthodontic therapy may not be a factor that induces chromosomal damage, nor it is able to promote cytotoxicity. Since DNA damage and cellular death are important events during carcinogenic processes, especially in early phases, this study represents a correct evaluation with respect to real health risks induced by orthodontic devices.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, São Paulo Methodist University, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda
authors: F
authors: Angelieri
authors: Viviane
authors: V
authors: Carlin
authors: Renato A
authors: RA
authors: Martins
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007620:Karyometry; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000633:toxicity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium