title: Feedback to the field: an assessment of sternal intraosseous (IO) infusion.
abstract: Intraosseous vascular infusion (IO) is a recognized alternative to peripheral intravenous infusion when access is inadequate. The sternum and proximal tibia are the preferred sites. A review of 98 cases at autopsy revealed successful sternal IO placement in 78 cases (80%). Assuming a worst case scenario for placement (pin mark and no tip in bone [17 cases] and tip present and not in the sternum [3 cases]), attempts were unsuccessful in 20 cases (20%). We draw no specific conclusions regarding sternal IO use, but hope that personnel placing these devices and those providing medical training can use the information.
authors: Howard T
authors: HT
authors: Harcke
authors: Geoffrey
authors: G
authors: Crawley
authors: Brandi A
authors: BA
authors: Ritter
authors: Edward L
authors: EL
authors: Mazuchowski
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008889:Military Personnel; D013249:Sternum