title: Polyfunctional Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific effector memory CD4+ T cells at sites of pleural TB.
abstract: Pleural tuberculosis (TB) is a common presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, and despite spontaneous resolution remains a strong risk factor for reactivation pulmonary TB in a majority of individuals. This study was undertaken to further understand the characteristics of immune cells at sites of pleural TB. A significant shift toward memory CD4+ T cells with an effector phenotype and away from naïve CD4+ T cells in pleural fluid as compared to blood mononuclear cells was found. These data suggest that effector T cells are capable of migrating to sites of active TB infection and/or the differentiation to effector phenotype T cells in situ is highly amplified. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry analysis, a significant portion of MTB-specific CD4+ T cells in the pleural space were polyfunctional demonstrating two, three or four simultaneous functions including IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and or MIP-1 alpha production. A greater proportion of these polyfunctional cells were of effector memory rather than central memory phenotype. The role of these polyfunctional MTB-specific CD4+ T cells at sites of pleural TB requires further study.
authors: Département d'Immunologie-Virologie, Institut national d'Hygiène, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 769, Rabat, Morocco. elfenniril@yahoo.fr
authors: L
authors: L
authors: El Fenniri
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Toossi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Aung
authors: G
authors: G
authors: El Iraki
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bourkkadi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Benamor
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Laskri
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Berrada
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Benjouad
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Mayanja-Kizza
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Betts
authors: R
authors: R
authors: El Aouad
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Canaday
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C515429:CCL3 protein, human; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma