title: [Nonenhanced MR angiography techniques].
abstract: Especially in regard to the potential risks for the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) following the administration of Gadolinium-based contrast material, nonenhanced MR angiography (MRA) methods are becoming ever more important. Besides well-established time-of-flight (TOF) and phase-contrast (PC) MRA, alternative imaging techniques based on balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) and turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequences are increasingly used in combination with or without arterial spin labeling (ASL) strategies. This article provides an overview of the principles and clinical values of different nonenhanced MRA techniques. In addition, recent nonenhanced MRA developments are presented.
authors: Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany. rotemshlomo@yahoo.de
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Lanzman
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Schmitt
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kröpil
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Blondin
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D054989:Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / Q000139:chemically induced; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium