title: Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic ecosystems.
abstract: A probability risk assessment of anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene was carried out to examine the ecological risk of these six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystems in China. The literature on PAH concentrations in surface water in China was collected to evaluate the environmental exposure concentrations (EEC). The 10th percentile of predicted no observed effect concentration (PNEC(10%)) of PAHs, calculated according to the data from the USEPA AQUIRE database and regulatory reviews, was applied as the toxicity assessment endpoint. The ratio of EEC and PNEC(10%), expressed as a risk quotient (RQ), was used to characterize the risk value. Bootstrapping method and Monte Carlo simulation were utilized to calculate the distribution of EEC, PNEC(10%), RQ and associated uncertainties. Risk assessment showed that reliable maximum RQs of anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, fluorene and phenanthrene were in the range of 0.064-0.755, lower than the acceptable value of 1. However, the reliable maximum RQ of pyrene was 1.39, indicating its potential ecological risk. Notwithstanding the uncertainty, these results suggest that the aquatic ecosystems with high PAH concentrations might pose potential ecological risks, and concerted efforts are required to ensure that surface water is protected.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pollutant Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Wu
authors: Rui
authors: R
authors: Zhang
authors: Shu-Pei
authors: SP
authors: Cheng
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Ford
authors: Ai-Min
authors: AM
authors: Li
authors: Xu-Xiang
authors: XX
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000032:analysis; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D005449:Fluorenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; C031181:phenanthrene; C034020:anthracene