title: [Meta-analysis: cardiovascular effects in workers occupationally exposed to urban pollution].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies showed a connection between exposition to high levels of urban pollution (especially to particulate and traffic noise) and the onset of even deadly cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of case-control design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to estimate the association between cardiovascular effects and occupational exposition to atmospheric pollution in urban environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomedcentral, MEDLINE/ PubMed, MEDLINE/ National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE Plus, Nioshtic-2, Scopus, TOXNET/Toxline, unpublished studies known by the authors and acts of national and international conferences between 1988 and May 2010 included. There has not been any kind of language or typological restriction. CRITERIA OF ELEGIBILITY: The research on cardiovascular effects includes control cases of workers exposed to urban pollution, compared with non-exposed subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The selected studies present outdoor workers exposed to urban pollution (drivers and petrol pump attendants) and a control group of indoor workers (managers, university students and other selected subjects).
  
  
  METHODS
  The evidences (independently token from two different authors) have been grouped in two classes, the first one formed by continuous variables (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and the second one by discontinuous variables (electrocardiographic abnormalities prevalence, hypertension prevalence, hypercholesterolemia prevalence). The studies related to both classes and presenting more than one variable for each class have been included and used, in order to elaborate the results. We calculated heterogeneity in each variable (ES calculation for continuous variables and OR calculation for discontinuous variables).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On 378 publications, we have selected and included 16 articles. The variables show statistically irrelevant differences between exposed group and control group, except regarding the triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The controlled studies are limited and characterized by a non-homogeneous evaluation of both expositional times of workers to urban pollution and of professional expositional values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the heterogeneity and the lack of studies, it is impossible at the moment to document effects on the cardiovascular system in workers exposed to urban pollution. The results of this meta-analysis only suggest the association of urban pollution with alteration of triglycerides blood levels (referring to just three studies). As reported in scientific literature on this subject, it is necessary to conduct a future professional investigation on this subject with more qualified and homogeneous studies.
authors: Sapienza Università di Roma, Unità Operativa di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, Istologiche, Medico-Legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore, Roma, Italy.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sancini
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Caciari
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Di Famiani
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Vitarelli
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Rosati
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Samperi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Panfili
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Cialone
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tomei
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Tomei
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014505:Urban Population