title: Surgical treatment of posterior nutcracker syndrome.
abstract: Posterior nutcracker syndrome (PNS) is a rare condition due to left renal vein (LRV) hypertension, caused by compression of the LRV between the vertebral column and the abdominal aorta. Diagnosis of PNS is challenging, as symptoms are variable and not specific. Therapeutic options are debated, and either conservative, open, or endovascular approaches have been advocated as both safe and effective. We report our experience with a case of PNS in a 17-year-old woman, who presented with a 2 year history of recurrent hematuria associated to severe left flank and back pain, successfully treated with anterior transposition of the LRV.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy.
authors: Enrico M
authors: EM
authors: Marone
authors: Daniele
authors: D
authors: Psacharopulo
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Kahlberg
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Coppi
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Chiesa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D021501:Flank Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery; D014690:Venous Pressure