title: Effect of Si addition on Ca- and P-impregnated implant surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness: an experimental study in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Si addition on a nanometer-scale roughness Ca and P implant surfaces in a canine tibia model by biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The implant surfaces comprised a resorbable media CaP microblasted (control) and a CaP resorbable media+silica-boost microblasted (experimental) surfaces. Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical interferometry (IFM) down to the nanometric level. The animal model involved the bilateral placement of control (n=24) and experimental surface (n=24) implants along the proximal tibiae of six dogs, remaining in vivo for 2 or 4 weeks. After euthanization, half of the specimens were torqued-to-interface failure, and the other half was subjected to histomorphologic and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) evaluation. Torque and BIC statistical evaluation was performed by the Friedman test at 95% level of significance, and comparisons between groups was performed by the Dunn test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFM and SEM observations depicted comparable roughness parameters for both implant surfaces on the micrometer and nanometer scales. XPS analysis revealed similar chemical composition, except for the addition of Si on the experimental group. Torque-to-interface failure and BIC mean values showed no significant differences (P=0.25 and 0.51, respectively) at both 2- and 4-week evaluation points for experimental and control groups. Early bone healing histomorphologic events were similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental surface resulted in not significantly different biomechanical fixation and BIC relative to control. Both surfaces were biocompatible and osseoconductive.
authors: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Paulo G
authors: PG
authors: Coelho
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Granato
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Marin
authors: Ryo
authors: R
authors: Jimbo
authors: Siyan
authors: S
authors: Lin
authors: Lukasz
authors: L
authors: Witek
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Suzuki
authors: Estevam A
authors: EA
authors: Bonfante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004285:Dogs; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D012828:Silicones; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium