title: Managing late periprosthetic fluid collections (seroma) in patients with breast implants: a consensus panel recommendation and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this consensus is to establish an algorithm for the management of patients who develop a late or delayed periprosthetic fluid collection. A work group of practicing plastic surgeons and device industry physicians met periodically by teleconference and discussed issues pertinent to the diagnosis and management of late periprosthetic fluid collections in patients with breast implants. Based on these meetings, treatment recommendations and a treatment algorithm were prepared in association with an editorial assistant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The work group participants discussed optimal care approaches developed in their private practices and from evidence in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consensus algorithm and treatment and management recommendations represent the consensus of the group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The group concluded that late periprosthetic fluid collection (arbitrarily defined as occurring ≥ 1 year after implant) is an infrequently reported occurrence (0.1 percent) after breast implant surgery and that, at a minimum, management should include clinically indicated ultrasound-guided aspiration of fluid, with appropriate cultures and cytologic testing. Further evaluation and additional treatment is recommended for recurrence of periprosthetic fluid collection after aspiration, or clinical suspicion of infection or neoplasia.
authors: Grand Rapids, Mich.; Los Angeles, Goleta, and Irvine, Calif.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sea Girt, N.J.; South Nashville, Tenn.; Houston, Texas; Washington, D.C., and Eugene, Ore. From the Bengtson Center for Aesthetics and Plastic Surgery; the Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; private practice; the Center for Breast and Body Contouring; Allergan Medical; Maxwell Aesthetics; Allergan, Inc.; Baylor College of Medicine; Georgetown University Hospital; and Jewell Plastic Surgery Center.
authors: Bradley
authors: B
authors: Bengtson
authors: Garry S
authors: GS
authors: Brody
authors: Mitchell H
authors: MH
authors: Brown
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Glicksman
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Hammond
authors: Hilton
authors: H
authors: Kaplan
authors: G Patrick
authors: GP
authors: Maxwell
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Oefelein
authors: Neal R
authors: NR
authors: Reisman
authors: Scott L
authors: SL
authors: Spear
authors: Mark L
authors: ML
authors: Jewell
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049291:Seroma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors