title: Analysis of bacterial flora in dohyo soil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sumo wrestling is one of the most popular sports in Japan. Injuries are not uncommon as this is a vigorous contact sport. Sumo wrestlers have little in the way of protective clothing; their main garb is the mawashi, making them prone to exposure to any microorganisms in the dohyo. The bacterial flora of the dohyo has received little attention. If the constituent flora is identified, then appropriate treatment or prevention of any bacterial lesions or infections incurred by the wrestlers is possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Vitek AMS system used in this study was developed by McDonnell Douglas Corporation. In this system, the physiological and biochemical properties of Gram-positive and negative bacilli, Gram-positive and-negative cocci, and fungi isolated from clinical materials and environments are examined using test cards specifically for each microorganism group, and the results are automatically read by a computer and encoded. Obtained codes are compared with a built-in database, and bacterial species of test strains are identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, using the automatic identification kit VITEK or ATB, we describe the aerobic bacterial flora found in the dohyo over the four seasons of the year. We also investigated the effect of salt on the bacterial flora as sumo wrestlers toss salt on the dohyo before each match. We show the relationship between salinity changes and variations in the flora observed upon the addition of salt. Without salt, at the beginning of a match, Gram-negative bacteria predominate. When salt is added, there is a transient decrease in the incidence of flora followed by an increase in the incidence Grampositive cocci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sixteen bacterial genera were identified using the bacterial identification systems in dohyo soil samples during the year. The number of identified bacterial species was 32. Even in the presence of salt, there is a measurable amount of bacterial flora in dohyo soil; salt does not act as an antibacterial agent.
authors: Department of Life Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 1221 Kamosida, 227-0033, Yokohama, Japan, osafunct@nittai.ac.jp.
authors: Tetsuaki
authors: T
authors: Osafune
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Mitsuboshi
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Ito
authors: Shigeji
authors: S
authors: Aoki
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Ehara
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Hashiguchi
authors: Kazufumi
authors: K
authors: Minami