title: Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of an enzymatic protein hydrolysate from yellow field pea seeds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enzymatic protein hydrolysates of yellow pea seed have been shown to possess high anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activities. The aim of this work was to confirm the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities of an enzymatic protein hydrolysate of yellow field pea seeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of peptides from yellow field pea proteins (Pisum sativum L.) were investigated in LPS/IFN-γ-activated RAW 264.7 NO⁻ macrophages. The immunomodulating potential of pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) was then studied in a murine model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pea protein hydrolysate, after a 12 h pre-treatment, showed significant inhibition of NO production by activated macrophages up to 20%. Moreover, PPH significantly inhibited their secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α- and IL-6, up to 35 and 80%, respectively. Oral administration of PPH in mice enhanced the phagocytic activity of their peritoneal macrophages and stimulated the gut mucosa immune response. The number of IgA+ cells was elevated in the small intestine lamina propria, accompanied by an increase in the number of IL-4+, IL-10+ and IFN-γ+ cells. This was correlated to up-regulation of IL-6 secretion by small intestine epithelial cells (IEC), probably responsible for B-cell terminal differentiation to IgA-secreting cells. Moreover, PPH might have increased IL-6 production in IECs via the stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, especially TLR2 and TLR4 since either anti-TLR2 or anti-TLR4 was able to completely abolish PPH-induced IL-6 secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enzymatic protein degradation confers anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating potentials to pea proteins, and the resulted peptides could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of inflammatory-related diseases.
authors: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, R2057 Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
authors: Fatou
authors: F
authors: Ndiaye
authors: Tri
authors: T
authors: Vuong
authors: Jairo
authors: J
authors: Duarte
authors: Rotimi E
authors: RE
authors: Aluko
authors: Chantal
authors: C
authors: Matar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors