title: Protamine 2 precursors and processing.
abstract: Protamine 2 (P2) is synthesised as a precursor protein (pre-P2) which by proteolysis is processed to generate the mature components of the protamine 2 family of proteins (HP2, HP3 and HP4). In infertile patients, abnormal processing of the protamine 2 precursors has been suggested by the detection of an increased presence of precursor forms. However, the presence of small detectable amounts of precursor proteins has been demonstrated also in normal sperm samples, although the variation of pre-P2 in individual human sperm cells had not yet been explored. In the present manuscript we perform a mini-review describing what is known about protamine 2 precursors and P2 processing. In addition, we by immunofluorescence demonstrate the existence of a marked variation in the presence and abundance of pre-P2 in individual sperm cells.
authors: Human Genetics Research Group, IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: de Mateo
authors: Liliana
authors: L
authors: Ramos
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: de Boer
authors: Marvin
authors: M
authors: Meistrich
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Oliva
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011479:Protamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D011479:Protamines; D011498:Protein Precursors; C068621:protamine 2