title: Effects of Japan Sea Proper Water on the growth ofLegionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, andStaphylococcus aureus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whetherLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and serogroup 6,Escherichia coli, andStaphylococcus aureus can survive in Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW).
  
  
  METHODS
  The inhibitory effects of JSPW, surface seawater (SSW), phosphate buffer solution with 3.5% NaCl of pH 7.0 (3.5% NaCIPBS), and the 10(2)- and 10(4)-fold dilute solutions with purified water or phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.0, and purified water were investigated. Survival cells were counted immediately after the water and the bacteria were mixed, and at 1,3,5, and 7 days after incubation at 37°C. If the number of surviving cells was decreased more than 2 log units compared with the starting value, we judged the medium to have had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival cells of the bacteria in JSPW had decreased more than 2 log units compared with the starting value at 1 day after incubation. After 1 day of incubation, the cells ofLegionella pneumophila serogroup 6 andStaphylococcus aureus were found to have decreased more than 2 log units in purified water (PW) used as a control. Furthermore,Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in the 10(2)-fold dilute solution of JSPW was only 1.04 log units lower than the starting value at 7 days after incubation. In the 10(2)- and 10(4)-fold dilute solutions of JSPW,Escherichia coli survived for 7 days after incubation. These results were almost similar to the results in SSW and 3.5% NaCIPBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings demonstrate thatLegionella pneumophila serogroup 1 andEscherichia coli cannot survive in undiluted JSPW for over a day at 37°C, suggesting the inhibitory effects may be due to the sodium chloride contained in JSPW.
authors: Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, 951-8510, Niigata, Japan, troof@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.
authors: Yasuo
authors: Y
authors: Tsuchiya
authors: Michihiro
authors: M
authors: Terao
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Fujimoto
authors: Kazutoshi
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: Masaharu
authors: M
authors: Yamamoto