title: Gradient-driven motion of multivalent ligand molecules along a surface functionalized with multiple receptors.
abstract: The kinetics of multivalent (multisite) interactions at interfaces is poorly understood, despite its fundamental importance for molecular or biomolecular motion and molecular recognition events at biological interfaces. Here, we use fluorescence microscopy to monitor the spreading of mono-, di- and trivalent ligand molecules on a receptor-functionalized surface, and perform multiscale computer simulations to understand the surface diffusion mechanisms. Analogous to chemotaxis, we found that the spreading is directional (along a developing gradient of vacant receptor sites) and is strongly dependent on ligand valency and concentration of a competing monovalent receptor in solution. We identify multiple surface diffusion mechanisms, which we call walking, hopping and flying. The study shows that the interfacial behaviour of multivalent systems is much more complex than that of monovalent ones.
authors: Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors: András
authors: A
authors: Perl
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Gomez-Casado
authors: Damien
authors: D
authors: Thompson
authors: Henk H
authors: HH
authors: Dam
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Jonkheijm
authors: David N
authors: DN
authors: Reinhoudt
authors: Jurriaan
authors: J
authors: Huskens
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000737:chemistry*; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004058:Diffusion; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009038:Motion; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D012235:Rhodamines; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C022027:lissamine rhodamine B; C031215:betadex; D000218:Adamantane