title: Clostridium difficile infection in patients with ulcerative colitis: investigations of risk factors and efficacy of antibiotics for steroid refractory patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased throughout the world and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at a high risk for CDI. Potentially, CDI can exacerbate UC. Therefore, knowledge on the prevalence of CDI should contribute to better management of UC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of toxin A antigen was defined as CDI, and the outcome of the test in patients with active UC during 2006-2009 was reviewed for identifying patients with CDI. Demographic data (disease profile, clinical response to medications and the need for colectomy) in UC patients with CDI were compared with the data from CDI free UC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five of 137 patients (40.1%) were CDI positive. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CDI was not associated with any demographic factor. Intensive antibiotic therapy spared five of 17 (29.4%) steroid refractory patients with CDI from steroids. CDI was not a predictor of colectomy although this could be an outcome of efficient eradication strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDI was not associated with any demographic factor or colectomy rate. However, CDI eradication therapy allowed some refractory patients to withdraw from steroids. Patients with active UC benefit from regular CDI test and eradication treatment for CDI.
authors: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kaneko
authors: Reikei
authors: R
authors: Matsuda
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Taguri
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Inamori
authors: Asami
authors: A
authors: Ogura
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Miyajima
authors: Katsuaki
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Maeda
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Kimura
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Kunisaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003082:Colectomy; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents