title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α enhances fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) is a key regulator for maintaining whole-body energy balance. However, the physiological functions of PPARα in adipocytes have been unclarified. We examined the functions of PPARα using human multipotent adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a human adipocyte model. Activation of PPARα by GW7647, a potent PPARα agonist, increased the mRNA expression levels of adipocyte differentiation marker genes such as PPARγ, adipocyte-specific fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase and increased both GPDH activity and insulin-dependent glucose uptake level. The findings indicate that PPARα activation stimulates adipocyte differentiation. However, lipid accumulation was not changed, which is usually observed when PPARγ is activated. On the other hand, PPARα activation by GW7647 treatment induced the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes such as CPT-1B and AOX in a PPARα-dependent manner. Moreover, PPARα activation increased the production of CO(2) and acid soluble metabolites, which are products of fatty acid oxidation, and increased oxygen consumption rate in human adipocytes. The data indicate that activation of PPARα stimulates both adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes, suggesting that PPARα agonists could improve insulin resistance without lipid accumulation in adipocytes. The expected effects of PPARα activation are very valuable for managing diabetic conditions accompanied by obesity, because PPARγ agonists, usually used as antidiabetic drugs, induce excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes in addition to improvement of insulin resistance.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
authors: Joo-Young
authors: JY
authors: Lee
authors: Hikari
authors: H
authors: Hashizaki
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Goto
authors: Tomoya
authors: T
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Takahashi
authors: Teruo
authors: T
authors: Kawada
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; C453899:GW 7647; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds