title: Entrapped victims in motor vehicle collisions: characteristics and prehospital care in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the severity of trauma in entrapped victims and to identify risk factors for mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Triage and rapid assessment of trauma severity is essential to provide the needed resources during prehospital and hospital phases and for outcome prediction. It is expected that entrapped victims will have greater severity of trauma and mortality than non-entrapped subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transverse, case-control, retrospective study of 1203 victims of motor vehicle collisions treated during 1 year by the prehospital service in São Paulo, Brazil was carried out. All patients were drivers, comprising 401 entrapped victims (33.3%) and 802 non-entrapped consecutive controls (66.7%). Sex, age, mortality rates, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), corporal segments, timing of the prehospital care and resource use were compared between the groups. The results were analysed by χ², Zres, analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Entrapped victims were predominantly men (84.8%), aged 32 ± 13.1 years, with immediate mortality of 10.2% and overall mortality of 11.7%. They had a probability of death at the scene 8.2 times greater than that of non-entrapped victims. The main cause of death was hemorrhage for entrapped victims (45.2%) and trauma for non-entrapped victims. Of the entrapped victims who survived, 18.7% had a severe GCS (OR = 10.62), 12% a severe RTS (OR = 9.78) and 23.7% were in shock (OR = 3.38). Entrapped victims were more commonly transported to advanced life support units and to tertiary hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entrapped victims had greater trauma severity, more blood loss and a greater mortality than respective, non-entrapped controls.
authors: Paulista School of Medicine-- Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo.
authors: Adriano Rogério Navarro
authors: AR
authors: Dias
authors: Simone de Campos Vieira
authors: Sde C
authors: Abib
authors: Luiz Francisco
authors: LF
authors: Poli-de-Figueiredo
authors: João Aléssio Juliano
authors: JA
authors: Perfeito
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001336:Automobiles; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult