title: A survey: Precepts and practices in drug use indicators at Government Healthcare Facilities: A Hospital-based prospective analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We planned to identify the difficulties in practicing the rational use of medicine in health facilities, using drug-use indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the average consultation time (ACT), average number of drugs per encounter (ANDE), percentage of drugs by generic name (PDPG), percentage of encounters with antibiotics (PAP), percentage of encounters with injection (PIP), percentage of drugs prescribed from the essential drugs list (PEDL), using pretested questionnaires in different hospital types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a higher value of ACT in Teachin hospital (TH,2.31 min) and general hospital (GH,2.17 min) compared to district hospital (DH,0.83 min). ANDE was high in all three categories (3.24, 2.88, and 3.26 in TH, GH, and DH, respectively). There was a significant difference in ANDE in all three categories (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in the PDPG among all categories of Hospitals. PAP was highest in DH (80%) and lowest in GH (46%). PIP was highest in DH (6%), 4% in GH, and lowest in TH (3%) in the Galle district. PEDL in TH, GH, and DH were 97, 100, and 99%, respectively. Prescribers use a short consultation time and practice polypharmacy, and the use of generic and essential drug lists is significantly high. Antibiotic usage is high, but usage of injections is low. We further noted prescriptions with absence of the diagnosis, sex, and prescriber's identity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : We conclude that some areas like polypharmacy, high usage of antibiotics, and poor prescription writing practices are high and they can be addressed by in-service awareness programs for noted prescriber errors.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, Molecular Science and Biomedical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Lanka.
authors: Hettihewa L
authors: HL
authors: Menik
authors: Amrasinghe I
authors: AI
authors: Isuru
authors: Subasinghe
authors: S
authors: Sewwandi