title: Initial and long-term results of endovascular therapy for chronic total occlusion of the subclavian artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the initial and long-term results of angioplasty and primary stenting for the treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the subclavian artery (SA).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1999 to February 2010, 56 patients (25 men with a mean age of 58 ± 8 years) underwent endovascular treatment for CTO of the SA. Duplex scans and arteriograms confirmed occlusion in all cases. Indications for recanalization were subclavian steal syndrome in 33 patients (58.1%), arm claudication in 13 patients (23.2%), and coronary ischemia in 7 patients (12.5%) who had a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting that included left internal thoracic artery graft. Three patients (5.4%) were treated before the scheduled coronary artery bypass surgery, which included left internal thoracic artery graft. After successful recanalization, all arteries were stented, and all of the patients were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and annually thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful recanalization of the SA was achieved in 46 patients (82.1%), and the complication rate was 7.1%. During follow-up (mean 40 ± 26 months; range 2 to 125), the primary patency rates after 1 and 3 years were 97.9% and 82.7%, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 76% of the arteries showed no evidence of restenosis. Univariate analysis failed to identify any variable predictive of long-term patency of successfully recanalized SA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting of the complete total occlusion of the SA is a safe and effective procedure associated with low risks and good long-term results.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Disease Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia. sdrbabic@sezampro.rs
authors: Srdjan
authors: S
authors: Babic
authors: Dragan
authors: D
authors: Sagic
authors: Djordje
authors: D
authors: Radak
authors: Zelimir
authors: Z
authors: Antonic
authors: Petar
authors: P
authors: Otasevic
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Kovacevic
authors: Slobodan
authors: S
authors: Tanaskovic
authors: Dusan
authors: D
authors: Ruzicic
authors: Nikola
authors: N
authors: Aleksic
authors: Goran
authors: G
authors: Vucurevic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome