title: Evaluation of in vitro growth factor treatments on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from osteoarthritic and nonosteoarthritic joints of dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the in vitro effects of selected growth factors on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from nonosteoarthritic (normal) and osteoarthritic joints of dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 dogs with secondary osteoarthritis of shoulder or stifle joints and 6 dogs with normal joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial membrane cells were harvested from normal and osteoarthritic joints and cultured in monolayer with or without (control) basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. In the cultured cells, fibrochondrogenesis was measured by use of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay to determine relative expressions of collagen I, collagen II, and aggrecan genes and of 3 genes involved in embryonic chondrogenesis: Sry-type homeobox protein-9 (SOX-9), frizzled-motif associated with bone development (Frzb), and regulator of G-protein signaling-10 (RGS-10). Tissue collagen content was measured via a hydroxyproline assay, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content was measured via a 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay. Cellularity was determined via a double-stranded DNA assay. Immunohistochemical analysis for collagens I and II was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro collagen synthesis was enhanced by growth factor stimulation. Although osteoarthritic-joint synoviocytes could undergo a fibrocartilage-like phenotypic shift, their production of collagenous extracellular matrix was less than that of normal-joint synoviocytes. Gene expressions of SOX-9 and RGS-10 were highest in the osteoarthritic-joint cells; Frzb expression was highest in growth factor treated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autogenous synovium may be a viable cell source for meniscal tissue engineering. Gene expressions of SOX-9 and RGS-10 may be potential future targets for in vitro enhancement of chondrogenesis.
authors: Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. jennifer.warnock@oregon-state.edu
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Warnock
authors: Derek B
authors: DB
authors: Fox
authors: Aaron M
authors: AM
authors: Stoker
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Cook
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D013264:Stifle / Q000502:physiology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024043:Collagen Type II; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020710:RGS Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins; C101113:RGS10 protein, human; C527932:SOX9 protein, human