title: Genomewide linkage scan for diabetic renal failure and albuminuria: the FIND study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The multicenter FIND consortium aims to identify genes for DN and its associated quantitative traits, e.g. the urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR). Herein, the results of whole-genome linkage analysis and a sparse association scan for ACR and a dichotomous DN phenotype are reported in diabetic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A genomewide scan comprising more than 5,500 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers (average spacing of 0.6 cM) was performed on 1,235 nuclear and extended pedigrees (3,972 diabetic participants) ascertained for DN from African-American (AA), American-Indian (AI), European-American (EA) and Mexican-American (MA) populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strong evidence for linkage to DN was detected on chromosome 6p (p = 8.0 × 10(-5), LOD = 3.09) in EA families as well as suggestive evidence for linkage to chromosome 7p in AI families. Regions on chromosomes 3p in AA, 7q in EA, 16q in AA and 22q in MA displayed suggestive evidence of linkage for urine ACR. The linkage peak on chromosome 22q overlaps the MYH9/APOL1 gene region, previously implicated in AA diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strengthen the evidence for previously identified genomic regions and implicate several novel loci potentially involved in the pathogenesis of DN.
authors: Genetic Analysis and Data Coordinating Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: Igo
authors: Sudha K
authors: SK
authors: Iyengar
authors: Susanne B
authors: SB
authors: Nicholas
authors: Katrina A B
authors: KA
authors: Goddard
authors: Carl D
authors: CD
authors: Langefeld
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Hanson
authors: Ravindranath
authors: R
authors: Duggirala
authors: Jasmin
authors: J
authors: Divers
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Abboud
authors: Sharon G
authors: SG
authors: Adler
authors: Nedal H
authors: NH
authors: Arar
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Horvath
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Elston
authors: Donald W
authors: DW
authors: Bowden
authors: Xiuqing
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: Eli
authors: E
authors: Ipp
authors: W H Linda
authors: WH
authors: Kao
authors: Paul L
authors: PL
authors: Kimmel
authors: William C
authors: WC
authors: Knowler
authors: Lucy A
authors: LA
authors: Meoni
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Molineros
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Nelson
authors: Madeline V
authors: MV
authors: Pahl
authors: Rulan S
authors: RS
authors: Parekh
authors: Rebekah S
authors: RS
authors: Rasooly
authors: Jeffrey R
authors: JR
authors: Schelling
authors: Vallabh O
authors: VO
authors: Shah
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Smith
authors: Cheryl A
authors: CA
authors: Winkler
authors: Philip G
authors: PG
authors: Zager
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Sedor
authors: Barry I
authors: BI
authors: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors