title: Influence of confounding factors on plasma mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin and mid-regional pro-A-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in healthy individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MRproADM and MRproANP can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in heart failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to identify confounding factors for the interpretation of plasma MRproADM and MRproANP concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 518 healthy volunteers with a mean age of 60.84 ± 7.41 years were analyzed. We evaluated the influence of demographic factors, renal function and echocardiographic indices on the candidate peptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis revealed that age (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001) and eGFR (P < 0.001) were independent predictors for MRproADM concentrations in healthy subjects. The independent predictors for MRproANP were age (P < 0.001), female gender (P < 0.001), heart rate (P < 0.001) and eGFR (P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interpretation of both peptides is multifaceted due to confounders. Knowledge of these factors will further our understanding of how these peptides behave in health and in disease.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK. sanjay1bhandari@hotmail.com
authors: Sanjay S
authors: SS
authors: Bhandari
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Davies
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Struck
authors: L L
authors: LL
authors: Ng
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C472955:NPPA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; C094998:adrenomedullin precursor (45-92); D053607:Adrenomedullin; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor