title: Biochemical characterisation of α-amylase inhibitors from Achyranthes aspera and their interactions with digestive amylases of coleopteran and lepidopteran insects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Starchy seeds are an important food and a source of dietary ingredients in many countries. However, they suffer from extensive predation by bruchids (weevils) and other pests. α-Amylase inhibitors are attractive candidates for the control of seed weevils, as these insects are highly dependent on starch as an energy source.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitor from the seeds of Achyranthes aspera was identified, purified and characterised. In electrophoretic analysis, two prominent amylase inhibitor activity bands (AI1 and AI2) were detected. The inhibitor was purified 9.99-fold with 1206.95 total amylase inhibitor units mg⁻¹ protein. The molecular weight of the purified inhibitor was around 6 kDa. The isolated α-amylase inhibitor was found to be resistant to heat and proteolysis. Feeding analysis of Callosobruchus maculatus larvae on a diet containing seed powder of A. aspera revealed that survival of the larvae was severely affected, with the highest mortality rate occurring on the fifth day of feeding. The isolated inhibitor inhibited the majority of amylase isoforms of C. maculatus, Tribolium confusum and Helicoverpa armigera in electrophoretic analysis and solution assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information obtained in the present investigation could be useful for a genetic engineering approach that would make seeds resistant to storage pest infestations.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, Maharashtra, India. vkhbiochem@gmail.com
authors: Vandana K
authors: VK
authors: Hivrale
authors: Nanasaheb P
authors: NP
authors: Chougule
authors: Ashok P
authors: AP
authors: Giri
authors: Pavan J
authors: PJ
authors: Chhabda
authors: Manvendra S
authors: MS
authors: Kachole
mesh_terms: D029044:Achyranthes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000681:Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva; D007915:Lepidoptera; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012639:Seeds; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000681:Amylases; D000516:alpha-Amylases