title: Effects of CPP-ACP with sodium fluoride on inhibition of bovine enamel demineralization: a quantitative assessment using micro-computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CPP-ACP with 900 ppm fluoride (CPP-ACPF) pastes on inhibition of enamel demineralization over time, using polychromatic micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Enamel blocks were prepared from bovine teeth. The specimens were each treated by one of the following agents, 30 min daily for 7 days: deionized water (negative control); CPP-ACP paste; CPP-ACPF paste; and NaF solutions (positive controls) (90, 900, and 9000 ppm F). After treatment, the specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution (pH 4.5) for 24, 72, and 120 h. Mean mineral loss (ML) and lesion depth (LD) after each period were determined from mineral density profiles obtained using micro-CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ML values in all the treatment groups were significantly smaller than those in the control group after 72 and 120 h of demineralization (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA and t-test with Bonferroni correction). ML values in CPP-ACPF and NaF solution groups were significantly smaller compared to CPP-ACP group after 72 h (p < 0.05). LD values in the CPP-ACPF and all the NaF solutions groups were significantly smaller compared to the control group after 120 h (p < 0.05). The 9000 ppm F group showed the lowest nominal ML and LD values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of CPP-ACP or CPP-ACPF pastes to sound enamel surfaces resulted in inhibition of enamel demineralization, and a better effect was noted for the latter paste. Quantitative assessment using polychromatic micro-CT demonstrated to be useful for detecting mineral density changes.
authors: Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hamba
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nikaido
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Inoue
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sadr
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012996:Solutions; D013535:Suspensions; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D008903:Minerals; D012996:Solutions; D013535:Suspensions; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D012969:Sodium Fluoride