title: Smallpox vaccine safety is dependent on T cells and not B cells.
abstract: The licensed smallpox vaccine, ACAM2000, is a cell culture derivative of Dryvax. Both ACAM2000 and Dryvax are administered by skin scarification and can cause progressive vaccinia, with skin lesions that disseminate to distal sites. We have investigated the immunologic basis of the containment of vaccinia in the skin with the goal to identify safer vaccines for smallpox. Macaques were depleted systemically of T or B cells and vaccinated with either Dryvax or an attenuated vaccinia vaccine, LC16m8. B cell depletion did not affect the size of skin lesions induced by either vaccine. However, while depletion of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells had no adverse effects on LC16m8-vaccinated animals, it caused progressive vaccinia in macaques immunized with Dryvax. As both Dryvax and LC16m8 vaccines protect healthy macaques from a lethal monkeypox intravenous challenge, our data identify LC16m8 as a safer and effective alternative to ACAM2000 and Dryvax vaccines for immunocompromised individuals.
authors: Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, 9000 Rockville Pike NCI, 41/D804, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065, USA.
authors: Shari N
authors: SN
authors: Gordon
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Cecchinato
authors: Vibeke
authors: V
authors: Andresen
authors: Jean-Michel
authors: JM
authors: Heraud
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Hryniewicz
authors: Robyn Washington
authors: RW
authors: Parks
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Venzon
authors: Hye-kyung
authors: HK
authors: Chung
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Karpova
authors: James
authors: J
authors: McNally
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Silvera
authors: Keith A
authors: KA
authors: Reimann
authors: Hajime
authors: H
authors: Matsui
authors: Tomomi
authors: T
authors: Kanehara
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Shinmura
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Yokote
authors: Genoveffa
authors: G
authors: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; C034733:oncomodulin