title: Donor-site morbidity and patient satisfaction using a composite nipple graft for unilateral nipple reconstruction in the radiated and nonradiated breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The number of techniques available for nipple reconstruction underscores the notion that achieving an acceptable result remains a challenge. To better assess the value of a composite nipple graft in unilateral breast reconstruction, a study was performed to evaluate donor-site morbidity and patient satisfaction using a composite nipple graft for unilateral nipple reconstruction following mastectomy and reconstruction in radiated and nonradiated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent composite nipple reconstruction between October of 1993 and February of 2010 was performed. Medical records were reviewed for outcomes and complications. Each patient was asked to complete a previously validated survey to rate color and projection of both nipples, sensation, and contractility of the donor nipple, and whether she would, in retrospect, have the procedure again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients were identified who underwent nipple reconstruction using a composite nipple graft. Thirty-four patients (57.6 percent) responded to the survey. Four surveys were returned due to an invalid address. Average time to breast mound completion was 6 months. Average time to complete nipple reconstruction was 3.6 months after breast mound completion. Ninety-seven percent of the reconstructions were successful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Composite nipple reconstruction is a useful technique that should be considered in unilateral nipple reconstruction and should be especially considered in patients whose breast has been irradiated, for which flap reconstruction for the nipple can be riskier. Although it is not possible to use in all patients, no other technique provides a nipple reconstruction that can so closely match the contralateral side in color, texture, and overall appearance.
authors: Washington, D.C. From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital.
authors: Scott L
authors: SL
authors: Spear
authors: Adam D
authors: AD
authors: Schaffner
authors: M Renée
authors: MR
authors: Jespersen
authors: Jesse A
authors: JA
authors: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000009:adverse effects*