title: Food patterns, inflammation markers and incidence of cardiovascular disease: the Malmö Diet and Cancer study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between food patterns constructed using cluster analysis and markers of systemic and vascular inflammation, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) after 13 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster analysis identified six food patterns from 43 food group variables among 4999 subjects, aged 45-68 years, who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cardiovascular programme between 1991 and 1994. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2) ), C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell (WBC) count were measured using blood samples at baseline. Incidence of CVD (coronary events and ischaemic stroke) was monitored over 13 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fibre-rich bread pattern was associated with favourable effects on WBC count in women, and the low-fat and high-fibre pattern with favourable effects on Lp-PLA(2) mass in women, and on Lp-PLA(2) activity in men. However, the milk fat and sweets and cakes patterns were both associated with adverse effects; the former on WBC count in women and on Lp-PLA(2) mass in men, and the latter on WBC count and Lp-PLA(2) mass in women. The milk fat and sweets and cakes patterns were associated with increased CVD risk in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support the present Nordic dietary recommendations indicating that diets rich in high-fibre, low-fat and low-sugar foods are favourably associated with markers of inflammation and, potentially, with CVD risk.
authors: Center for Emergency and Clinical Science, Department of Cardiology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. joanna.hlebowicz@med.lu.se
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hlebowicz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Persson
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Gullberg
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sonestedt
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Wallström
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Drake
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Nilsson
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Hedblad
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Wirfält
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008074:Lipoproteins