title: Modulation of the assay system for the sensory integration of 2 sensory stimuli that inhibit each other in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform the modulation of an assay system for the sensory integration of 2 sensory stimuli that inhibit each other.
  
  
  METHODS
  The assay system for assessing the integrative response to 2 reciprocally-inhibitory sensory stimuli was modulated by changing the metal ion barrier. Moreover, the hen-1, ttx-3 and casy-1 mutants having known defects in integrative response were used to evaluate the modulated assay systems. Based on the examined assay systems, new genes possibly involved in the sensory integration control were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presence of different metal ion barriers and diacetyl, locomotion behaviors, basic movements, pan-neuronal, cholinergic and GABAergic neuronal GFP expressions, neuronal development, structures of sensory neurons and interneurons, and stress response of nematodes in different regions of examined assay systems were normal, and chemotaxis toward different concentrations of diacetyl and avoidance of different concentrations of metal ions were inhibited. In the first group, most of the nematodes moved to diacetyl by crossing the barrier of Fe(2+), Zn(2+), or Mn(2+). In the second group, almost half of the nematodes moved to diacetyl by crossing the barrier of Ag(+), Cu(2+), Cr(2+), or Cd(2+). In the third group, only a small number of nematodes moved to diacetyl by crossing the barrier of Pb(2+) or Hg(2+). Moreover, when nematodes encountered different metal ion barriers during migration toward diacetyl, the percentage of nematodes moving back and then turning and that of nematodes moving straight to diacetyl were very different. With the aid of examined assay systems, it was found that mutations of fsn-1 that encodes a F-box protein, and its target scd-2 that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, caused severe defects in integrative response, and the sensory integration defects of fsn-1 mutants were obviously inhibited by scd-2 mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the nematode behaviors in examined assay systems, 3 groups of assay systems were obtained. The first group may be helpful in evaluating or identifying the very subtle deficits in sensory integration, and the third group may be useful for the final confirmation of sensory integration defects of mutants identified in the first or the second group of assay systems. Furthermore, the important association of sensory integration regulation with stabilization or destabilization of synaptic differentiation may exist in C. elegans.
authors: Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors: Yin-Xia
authors: YX
authors: Li
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Ya-Ou
authors: YO
authors: Hu
authors: Ji-Xiang
authors: JX
authors: Zhong
authors: Da-Yong
authors: DY
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003931:Diacetyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D017833:Visceral Afferents / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D044783:F-Box Proteins; C530278:FSN-1 protein, C elegans; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C532034:Scd-2 protein, C elegans; D003931:Diacetyl