title: Extramedullary spinal ependymoma: a diagnostic challenge and review of the literature.
abstract: Of the 15 cases of intradural extramedullary ependymomas in the literature, only 3 patients were male. The authors report the fourth case to be diagnosed in a male patient and discuss the pathogenesis, presentation, and treatment of this rare form of ependymoma. These cases most commonly show a similar clinical preoperative course to that of a benign meningioma. Although most instances have been reported in females, hormonal influence may not completely explain this neoplasm's pathogenesis. Close follow-up is warranted because of potential recurrence, metastasis, and anaplastic transformation. An ependymoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of intradural extramedullary tumors.
authors: Goodman-Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Kinsman
authors: James D
authors: JD
authors: Callahan
authors: Eyas M
authors: EM
authors: Hattab
authors: Aaron A
authors: AA
authors: Cohen-Gadol
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery