title: Long buccal nerve block injection pain in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the pain associated with needle insertion (with or without topical anesthetic) and solution deposition for the long buccal nerve block injection in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Initial pain and any differences by age and gender were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twelve emergency patients with irreversible pulpitis received long buccal nerve block injections using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. The patients recorded pain of needle insertion and solution deposition on a Heft-Parker visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate-to-severe pain occurred from 41% to 46% of the time with the long buccal nerve block. The use of topical anesthetic did not statistically decrease the pain of needle insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, 41% to 46% of patients presenting with irreversible pulpitis have the potential for moderate-to-severe pain with the long buccal nerve block.
authors: Division of Endodontics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. drum.13@osu.edu
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Drum
authors: Al
authors: A
authors: Reader
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Beck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001566:Benzocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002610:Cheek / Q000294:innervation*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000628:therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D001566:Benzocaine; D004837:Epinephrine