title: Higher clearance of micafungin in neonates compared with adults: role of age-dependent micafungin serum binding.
abstract: Micafungin, a new echinocandin antifungal agent, has been used widely for the treatment of various fungal infections in human populations. Micafungin is predominantly cleared by biliary excretion and it binds extensively to plasma proteins. Micafungin body weight-adjusted clearance is higher in neonates than in adults, but the mechanisms underlying this difference are not understood. Previous work had revealed the roles of sinusoidal uptake (Na(+) -taurocholate co-transporting peptide, NTCP; organic anion transporting polypeptide, OATP) as well as canalicular efflux (bile salt export pump, BSEP; breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP) transporters in micafungin hepatobiliary elimination. In the present study, the relative protein expression of hepatic transporters was compared between liver homogenates from neonates and adults. Also, the extent of micafungin binding to serum from neonates and adults was measured in vitro. The results indicate that relative expression levels of NTCP, OATP1B1/3, BSEP, BCRP and MRP3 were similar in neonates and in adults. However, the micafungin fraction unbound (f(u) ) in neonatal serum was about 8-fold higher than in the adult serum (0.033±0.012 versus 0.004±0.001, respectively). While there was no evidence for different intrinsic hepatobiliary clearance of micafungin between neonates and adults, our data suggest that age-dependent serum protein binding of micafungin is responsible for its higher clearance in neonates compared with adults.
authors: UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors: Souzan B
authors: SB
authors: Yanni
authors: P Brian
authors: PB
authors: Smith
authors: Daniel K
authors: DK
authors: Benjamin
authors: Patrick F
authors: PF
authors: Augustijns
authors: Dhiren R
authors: DR
authors: Thakker
authors: Pieter P
authors: PP
authors: Annaert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000502:physiology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D000077551:Micafungin; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D027981:Symporters / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D027981:Symporters; D000077551:Micafungin