title: Executive functioning in familial bipolar I disorder patients and their unaffected relatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the executive function of patients with familial bipolar I disorder (BP-I) with a history of psychotic symptoms to their first-degree relatives and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three domains of executive function: response inhibition, working memory, and cognitive set shifting were assessed in 44 familial patients with a lifetime diagnosis of BP-I who had experienced psychotic symptoms, 42 of their unaffected first-degree relatives, and 47 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar disorder patients and their unaffected relatives had significantly worse scores for response inhibition compared to healthy controls. The groups did not differ in working memory or cognitive set shifting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impairments in response inhibition are associated with both psychotic bipolar disorder and genetic liability for this illness. Our results indicate that deficits in this specific domain of executive functioning are a promising candidate endophenotype for psychotic bipolar disorder.
authors: King's Health Partners, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies and Department of Psychology, King's College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
authors: Katja K
authors: KK
authors: Schulze
authors: Muriel
authors: M
authors: Walshe
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Stahl
authors: Mei Hua
authors: MH
authors: Hall
authors: Eugenia
authors: E
authors: Kravariti
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Morris
authors: Nicolette
authors: N
authors: Marshall
authors: Colm
authors: C
authors: McDonald
authors: Robin M
authors: RM
authors: Murray
authors: Elvira
authors: E
authors: Bramon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs