title: Corynebacterium glutamicum tailored for efficient isobutanol production.
abstract: We recently engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for aerobic production of 2-ketoisovalerate by inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate:quinone oxidoreductase, transaminase B, and additional overexpression of the ilvBNCD genes, encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase, and dihydroxyacid dehydratase. Based on this strain, we engineered C. glutamicum for the production of isobutanol from glucose under oxygen deprivation conditions by inactivation of l-lactate and malate dehydrogenases, implementation of ketoacid decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis, alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and expression of the pntAB transhydrogenase genes from Escherichia coli. The resulting strain produced isobutanol with a substrate-specific yield (Y(P/S)) of 0.60 ± 0.02 mol per mol of glucose. Interestingly, a chromosomally encoded alcohol dehydrogenase rather than the plasmid-encoded ADH2 from S. cerevisiae was involved in isobutanol formation with C. glutamicum, and overexpression of the corresponding adhA gene increased the Y(P/S) to 0.77 ± 0.01 mol of isobutanol per mol of glucose. Inactivation of the malic enzyme significantly reduced the Y(P/S), indicating that the metabolic cycle consisting of pyruvate and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme is responsible for the conversion of NADH + H+ to NADPH + H+. In fed-batch fermentations with an aerobic growth phase and an oxygen-depleted production phase, the most promising strain, C. glutamicum ΔaceE Δpqo ΔilvE ΔldhA Δmdh(pJC4ilvBNCD-pntAB)(pBB1kivd-adhA), produced about 175 mM isobutanol, with a volumetric productivity of 4.4 mM h⁻¹, and showed an overall Y(P/S) of about 0.48 mol per mol of glucose in the production phase.
authors: Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany. bastian.blombach@uni-ulm.de
authors: Bastian
authors: B
authors: Blombach
authors: Tanja
authors: T
authors: Riester
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Wieschalka
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Ziert
authors: Jung-Won
authors: JW
authors: Youn
authors: Volker F
authors: VF
authors: Wendisch
authors: Bernhard J
authors: BJ
authors: Eikmanns
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000440:Butanols / Q000378:metabolism*; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D000440:Butanols; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C040507:isobutyl alcohol; D005947:Glucose