title: Anatomic-pathophysiologic approach to hemodynamics: complementary roles of noninvasive and invasive diagnostic modalities.
abstract: Symptoms and physical signs reflect distinct pathophysiologic derangements of anatomic components and mechanics, a construct that serves as the foundation for clinical evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Evaluation of hemodynamic derangements should be based on interrogation of a cardiac anatomic-physiologic approach to circulatory pathophysiology. This article illustrates a pragmatic problem-solving approach to 3 cardinal hemodynamic symptoms and clinical syndromes: right heart failure, dyspnea, and low-output hypotension. This treatise focuses primarily on the complementary roles of noninvasive and invasive diagnostic studies in clinical hemodynamic assessment.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA. jgoldstein@beaumont.edu
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Goldstein
authors: Amr
authors: A
authors: Abbas
mesh_terms: D001775:Blood Circulation; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction