title: How filamentous pathogens co-opt plants: the ins and outs of fungal effectors.
abstract: Research on effectors secreted by pathogens during host attack has dominated the field of molecular plant-microbe interactions over recent years. Functional analysis of type III secreted effectors injected by pathogenic bacteria into host cells has significantly advanced the field and demonstrated that many function to suppress host defense. Fungal and oomycete effectors are delivered outside the host plasma membrane, and although research has lagged behind on bacterial effectors, we are gradually learning more and more about the functions of these effectors. While some function outside the host cell to disarm defense, others exploit host cellular uptake mechanisms to suppress defense or liberate nutrients intracellularly. Comparative genomics suggests that the organization of effector genes drives effector evolution in many pathogen genomes.
authors: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Ronnie
authors: R
authors: de Jonge
authors: Melvin D
authors: MD
authors: Bolton
authors: Bart P H J
authors: BP
authors: Thomma
mesh_terms: D060467:Disease Resistance; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008967:Molecular Biology; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins