title: Technical notes on endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach for clival chondrosarcoma.
abstract: Although there are various operative approaches for clival tumors, a transsphenoidal approach is one of choices when the main tumor extention is in an anterior-posterior direction with a slight lateral extension. However, this approach sometimes provides only narrow and deep operative field. Recently, endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach is quite an effective approach for clival tumors because of the improvement of surgical instruments, image guidance systems, and techniques and materials of wound closure. In this paper, we describe the effectiveness, technical problems, and solution of this approach based on our experiences with two clival chondrosarcomas that was removed by endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Kuge
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Sato
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Sakurada
authors: Sunao
authors: S
authors: Takemura
authors: Zensho
authors: Z
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Saito
authors: Takamasa
authors: T
authors: Kayama