title: Fetal hemoglobin and α1-microglobulin as first- and early second-trimester predictive biomarkers for preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and α(1)-microglobulin (A1M) in maternal serum as first-trimester biomarkers for preeclampsia (PE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a case-control study. We included 96 patients in the first trimester of pregnancy (60 with PE and 36 controls). Venous serum samples were analyzed for HbF and total hemoglobin (Hb) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for A1M by radioimmunoassay. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HbF/Hb ratio and A1M concentration were significantly elevated in serum from women with subsequent development of PE (P < .0001). The optimal sensitivity and specificity was obtained using the biomarkers in combination; 69% sensitivity for a 5% screen positive rate and 90% sensitivity for a 23% screen positive rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that HbF/Hb ratio in combination with A1M is predictive biomarkers for PE.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden. ulrik.dolberg_anderson@med.lu.se
authors: Ulrik Dolberg
authors: UD
authors: Anderson
authors: Magnus G
authors: MG
authors: Olsson
authors: Sigurbjörg
authors: S
authors: Rutardóttir
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Centlow
authors: Karl Heby
authors: KH
authors: Kristensen
authors: Per Erik
authors: PE
authors: Isberg
authors: Baskaran
authors: B
authors: Thilaganathan
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Akerström
authors: Stefan R
authors: SR
authors: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D015415:Biomarkers; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin