title: Novel prophylactic vaccine using a prime-boost method and hemagglutinating virus of Japan-envelope against tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a major global threat to human health. The only tuberculosis (TB) vaccine currently available is bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), although it has no efficacy in adults. Therefore, the development of a novel vaccine against TB for adults is desired.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel TB vaccine expressing mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (HSP65) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) delivered by the hemagglutinating virus of Japan- (HVJ)- envelope was evaluated against TB infection in mice. Bacterial load reductions and histopathological assessments were used to determine efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination by BCG prime with IgHSP65+murine IL-12/HVJ-envelope boost resulted in significant protective efficacy (>10, 000-fold versus BCG alone) against TB infection in the lungs of mice. In addition to bacterial loads, significant protective efficacy was demonstrated by histopathological analysis of the lungs. Furthermore, the vaccine increased the number of T cells secreting IFN-γ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This vaccine showed extremely significant protection against TB in a mouse model, consistent with results from a similar paper on cynomolgus monkeys. The results suggest that further development of the vaccine for eventual testing in clinical trials may be warranted.
authors: Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Kitaku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. okm@kch.hosp.go.jp
authors: Masaji
authors: M
authors: Okada
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Kita
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Nakajima
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Kanamaru
authors: Satomi
authors: S
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Tetsuji
authors: T
authors: Nagasawa
authors: Yasufumi
authors: Y
authors: Kaneda
authors: Shigeto
authors: S
authors: Yoshida
authors: Yasuko
authors: Y
authors: Nishida
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Nakatani
authors: Kyoko
authors: K
authors: Takao
authors: Chie
authors: C
authors: Kishigami
authors: Shiho
authors: S
authors: Nishimatsu
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Sekine
authors: Yoshikazu
authors: Y
authors: Inoue
authors: David N
authors: DN
authors: McMurray
authors: Mitsunori
authors: M
authors: Sakatani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; C074119:heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma