title: Resistin is linked to inflammation, and leptin to metabolic syndrome, in women with inflammatory arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate how inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with adipokine levels in patients with inflammatory arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four female patients with arthritis were enrolled in the study. Twenty (37%) of these patients had MetS, which was diagnosed according to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Interleukin (IL)-6 and four adipokines (resistin, leptin, adiponectin, and adipsin) were determined by immunoassay. Healthy women with body mass index (BMI) between 22 and 25 kg/m(2) served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with arthritis had higher levels of resistin than the healthy controls. This difference was clear in patients without MetS (17.4 in patients vs. 10.8 ng/mL in controls, p < 0.001), and even higher resistin levels were found in the patients with MetS (20.7 ng/mL; p < 0.001 vs. healthy controls; and p = 0.095 vs. patients without MetS). In the patients with arthritis and MetS, resistin correlated positively with IL-6 (Pearson's r = 0.5, p = 0.03). Leptin levels were increased in arthritis patients with MetS as compared to healthy controls, but not in patients without MetS. The statistically significant difference between patients with MetS and controls remained when leptin was adjusted with BMI. Accordingly, adiponectin levels were lower in patients with MetS than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Leptin, adiponectin, and adipsin did not correlate with the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 or with C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that high resistin levels are associated with arthritis independently of MetS, whereas leptin is increased only in arthritis patients with MetS.
authors: The Immunopharmacology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kontunen
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Vuolteenaho
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Nieminen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lehtimäki
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kautiainen
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Kesäniemi
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ukkola
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kauppi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hakala
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Moilanen
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001168:Arthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D011416:Complement Factor D / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D011416:Complement Factor D