title: Seminal vesicle metastasis after partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastasis to the seminal vesicle is extremely rare for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To our knowledge, it has been not reported in literature. The purpose of the present paper was to report a case of metastasis to the seminal vesicle after HCC resection, along with its histological features and immunohistochemical characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 46-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal distension. He had a history of HCC related to hepatitis B virus infection. Moreover, left partial hepatectomy was performed in another hospital 28 months ago, and right partial hepatectomy for HCC recurrence in our hospital 4 months ago. After resection, radiofrequency ablation therapy had been performed. About 27 months after the initial operation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the pelvic cavity revealed a mass with homogeneous enhancement in the seminal vesicle. Transrectal needle biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Therefore, seminal vesiculectomy was resected. The histological diagnosis of the removed tumor was compatible with the original HCC. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for glypican-3 (GPC3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), hepatocyte paraffin-1 (Hep Par 1), cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), and hepatocyte antigen, which confirmed that the seminal vesicle tumor was a metastatic tumor of HCC. However, CT subsequently revealed multiple metastatic foci in the abdominal and pelvic cavities in May 2009 and August 2009, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The seminal vesicle is an extremely rare metastatic site for HCC, and the prognosis is very poor. A combination of clinical and pathological features is necessary for a correct diagnosis, and primary tumor should be excluded before diagnosing metastatic foci.
authors: The Helmholtz Sino-German Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Gong
authors: Minwen
authors: M
authors: Zheng
authors: Yanhong
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Wendong
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Wangjun
authors: W
authors: Bu
authors: Lifang
authors: L
authors: Shi
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Yan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor