title: Genotoxicity of corrosion eluates obtained from orthodontic brackets in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether corrosion eluates obtained from commercially available orthodontic brackets are able to induce genetic damage in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotoxicity was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The following orthodontic metallic brackets were used: Morelli (Sorocaba, Brazil); Abzil (São José do Rio Preto, Brazil); Dentaurum (Pforzheim, Germany); and 3M Unitek (Puchheim, Germany). Each dental bracket was submitted to a corrosion process in a solution containing equal amounts of acetic acid and sodium chloride at 0.1 M concentration for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 70 days. CHO cells were exposed to eluates for 30 minutes at 37°C. The negative control was treated with the same solution used for corrosion process for 30 minutes at 37°C. Independent positive control was performed with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo) at 1 ug/mL for 1 hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the eluates was found to exhibit genotoxicity, regardless of the different commercial brands of orthodontic appliance used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our results indicate corrosion eluates obtained from orthodontic brackets do not induce genetic damage as assessed by single cell gel (comet) assay.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, São Paulo Methodist University, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda
authors: F
authors: Angelieri
authors: Joao Paulo C
authors: JP
authors: Marcondes
authors: Danielle Cristina
authors: DC
authors: de Almeida
authors: Daisy M F
authors: DM
authors: Salvadori
authors: Daniel A
authors: DA
authors: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D003343:Corrosion; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004249:DNA Damage; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008422:Materials Testing; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000009:adverse effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D009153:Mutagens; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; D019342:Acetic Acid