title: Association of interleukin 4 -589T/C polymorphism with T(H)1 and T(H)2 bias and sepsis in Chinese major trauma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine, severed as an important component of the adaptive immune system, and implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Data from other studies show that the -589T/C polymorphism in IL-4 promoter may alter IL-4 expression and susceptibility of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Whether this genetic variation is associated with sepsis susceptibility is unknown. The aim of this study was to search for the association of IL-4 -589T/C with the susceptibility to sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polymorphism was genotyped among 308 severe trauma patients using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. The IL-4 and interferon-γ levels in the supernatants were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-4/-589C allele was shown to be significantly associated with higher plasma IL-4 and lower interferon-γ production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, indicating its effect on regulating T helper T(H)1/T(H)2 balance. Moreover, homozygosity and heterozygosity for the -589C were associated with an increased susceptibility of sepsis (p = 0.009; OR, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.51). There was no relationship between the IL-4 -589T/C and multiple organ dysfunction scores in severe trauma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the IL-4 -589T/C polymorphism might affect T(H)1/T(H)2 balance and predispose trauma patients to susceptibility sepsis.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Gu
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Zeng
authors: Lian-Yang
authors: LY
authors: Zhang
authors: Dong-Po
authors: DP
authors: Jiang
authors: Ding-Yuan
authors: DY
authors: Du
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Hu
authors: Hai-Yan
authors: HY
authors: Wang
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Shu-Na
authors: SN
authors: Huang
authors: Jian-Xin
authors: JX
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015847:Interleukin-4