title: Effects of cooling rates and ice-seeding temperatures on the cryopreservation of whole ovaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to detect the effects of different cooling rates and different ice-seeding temperatures on the cryopreservation of whole ovaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cow whole ovaries were slowly frozen using different protocols with different cooling rates and different ice-seeding temperatures. Follicular viability was assessed using the trypan blue test; the percentage of morphologically normal primordial follicles and the follicular densities of grafts were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protocol IIb was most effective protocol. Protocol Ib was more effective than protocol Ia and protocol Ic, and protocol IIIb was more effective than protocol IIIa and protocol IIIc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protocol IIb (the cooling rate was 0.2°C/min, and the ice-seeding temperature was -5°C) was appropriate for slow freezing of cow whole ovaries.
authors: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, China, 250021.
authors: Jian-Min
authors: JM
authors: Zhang
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Sheng
authors: Yong-Zhi
authors: YZ
authors: Cao
authors: Hong-Yan
authors: HY
authors: Wang
authors: Zi-Jiang
authors: ZJ
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents