title: Effects of l-carnitine supplement on serum amyloid A and vascular inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effects of l-carnitine supplement on serum amyloid A (SAA), a systemic inflammation marker, and vascular inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in Soodeh Hemodialysis Center in Islamshahr, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 36 hemodialysis patients (15 men and 21 women).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients on hemodialysis were randomly assigned to either a carnitine or a placebo group. Patients in the carnitine group received 1,000 mg/day oral l-carnitine for 12 weeks, whereas patients in the placebo group received a corresponding placebo during the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum free carnitine, SAA, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 2, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1, sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were measured at baseline and at the end of week 12 of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean serum free carnitine concentration increased significantly to 150% of baseline in the carnitine group at the end of week 12 (P < .001), whereas serum SAA showed a significant 32% decrease (P < .001). No significant changes were observed in the serum concentrations of free carnitine and SAA in the placebo group during the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in mean changes in serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 2, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1, sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that l-carnitine supplement reduces serum SAA, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis patients, but has no effect on vascular inflammation markers.
authors: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. hadtabibi@yahoo.com
authors: Hadi
authors: H
authors: Tabibi
authors: Fariba
authors: F
authors: Hakeshzadeh
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Hedayati
authors: Tahereh
authors: T
authors: Malakoutian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D007492:Iran; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000187:drug effects; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D019007:P-Selectin; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002331:Carnitine