title: PC3 is a cell line characteristic of prostatic small cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of the prostatic cancers are adenocarcinomas characterized by glandular formation and the expression of luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Most adenocarcinomas are indolent and androgen-dependent. Hormonal therapy that inhibits AR signaling produces symptomatic relief in patients with advanced and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) is a variant form of prostate cancer (PC). In contrast to adenocarcinoma, the tumor cells of SCNC do not form glands and are negative for AR and PSA. SCNC is extremely aggressive and does not respond to hormonal therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the important and relevant features of two most commonly used PC cell lines, LNCaP and PC3, with prostatic adenocarcinoma and SCNC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Xenograft tumors of LNCaP and PC3 were prepared and compared with human prostatic adenocarcinoma and SCNC for the expression of key signaling molecules by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LNCaP cells express AR and PSA and their growth is inhibited by androgen withdrawal, similar to human prostatic adenocarcinoma. PC3 cells do not express AR and PSA and their proliferation is independent of androgen, similar to SCNC. Adenocarcinoma cells and LNCaP cells are negative for neuroendocrine markers and stem cell-associated marker CD44 while SCNC and PC3 cells are positive. LNCaP cells have identical cytokeratin profiles to adenocarcinoma while PC3 cells have cytokeratin profiles similar to SCNC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNCaP cells share common features with adenocarcinoma while PC3 cells are characteristic of SCNC.
authors: Department of Pathology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1732, USA.
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Tai
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Jill M
authors: JM
authors: Squires
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: William K
authors: WK
authors: Oh
authors: Chao-Zhao
authors: CZ
authors: Liang
authors: Jiaoti
authors: J
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen