title: Sex, temperament, and family context: how the interaction of early factors differentially predict adolescent alcohol use and are mediated by proximal adolescent factors.
abstract: Adolescent alcohol use is common and has serious immediate and long-term ramifications. While concurrent individual and context factors are robustly associated with adolescent alcohol use, the influence of early childhood factors, particularly in interaction with child sex, are less clear. Using a prospective community sample of 362 (190 girls), this study investigated sex differences in the joint influence of distal childhood and proximal adolescent factors on Grade 10 alcohol use. All risk factors and two-way early individual-by-context interactions, and interactions of each of these with child sex, were entered into the initial regression. Significant sex interactions prompted the use of separate models for girls and boys. In addition to the identification of early (family socioeconomic status, authoritative parenting style) and proximal adolescent (mental health symptoms, deviant friends) risk factors for both girls and boys, results highlighted important sex differences. In particular, girls with higher alcohol consumption at Grade 10 were distinguished by the interaction of early temperamental disinhibition and exposure to parental stress; boys with higher alcohol consumption at Grade 10 were distinguished primarily by early temperamental negative affect. Results have implications for the timing and type of interventions offered to adolescents.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.
authors: Linnea R
authors: LR
authors: Burk
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.
authors: Jeffrey M
authors: JM
authors: Armstrong
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.
authors: H Hill
authors: HH
authors: Goldsmith
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.
authors: Marjorie H
authors: MH
authors: Klein
authors: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University.
authors: Timothy J
authors: TJ
authors: Strauman
authors: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University.
authors: Phillip
authors: P
authors: Costanzo
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.
authors: Marilyn J
authors: MJ
authors: Essex
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament