title: Growth hormone reduces tissue damage in rat ovaries subjected to torsion and detorsion: biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) as an antioxidant and tissue-protective agent and analyse the biochemical and histopathological changes in rat ovaries due to experimental ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight adult female rats were randomly divided into eight groups. In Group 1, a period of bilateral ovarian ischemia was applied. In Groups 2 and 3, 1 and 2 mg/kg of GH was administered, and 30 min later, bilateral ovarian ischemia was applied (after a 3-h period of ischemia, both ovaries were surgically removed). Group 4 received a 3-h period of ischemia followed by 3h of reperfusion. Groups 5 and 6 received 1 and 2 mg/kg of GH, respectively, 2.5 h after the induction of ischemia. At the end of a 3-h period of ischemia, bilateral vascular clips were removed, and 3h of reperfusion continued. Group 7 received a sham operation plus 2mg/kg of GH. Group 8 received a sham operation only. After the experiments, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase activity and levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation were determined, and histopathological changes were examined in all rat ovarian tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion decreased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in ovarian tissue, but increased lipid peroxidation levels and myeloperoxidase activity significantly in comparison to the sham group. The 1 and 2 mg/kg doses of GH before ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion decreased lipid peroxidation levels and myeloperoxidase activity in the experimental groups. The administration of GH before ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion treatments also increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels. The histopathological findings also suggested a protective role of GH in ischemia/reperfusion injury. That is, ovarian tissues in the ischemia groups showed histopathological changes, such as haemorrhage, cell degeneration, and necrotic and apoptotic cells, but these changes in the GH groups were lesser. Moreover, in the ischemia/reperfusion groups, acute inflammatory processes--such as neutrophil adhesion and migration, apoptotic and degenerative cells, stromal oedema and haemorrhage--were present. However, the ovarian tissues of the IR+GH (1 mg) group had minimal apoptotic cells, and the IR+GH (2 mg) group had no apoptotic cells. In addition, the general ovarian histological structures of these groups were similar to those of the healthy control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of GH is protective against ischemia and/or ischemia/reperfusion-induced ovarian damage. This protective effect can be attributed to the antioxidant properties of GH.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey. dr.yigiter@hotmail.com
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Yigiter
authors: Zekai
authors: Z
authors: Halici
authors: Fehmi
authors: F
authors: Odabasoglu
authors: Osman Nuri
authors: ON
authors: Keles
authors: Fadime
authors: F
authors: Atalay
authors: Bunyami
authors: B
authors: Unal
authors: Ahmet Bedii
authors: AB
authors: Salman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D054159:Torsion, Mechanical
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione