title: Vitamins E and C modulate the association between reciprocally regulated cytokines after an anterior cruciate ligament injury and surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of vitamin E and C supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and the association between reciprocally regulated cytokines after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  : A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in men undergoing anterior cruciate ligament surgery who were randomly assigned to one of two groups (n = 10/group): (1) antioxidant (vitamins E and C) or (2) matching placebos starting ∼2 wks before (baseline) and concluding 3 mos after surgery. Plasma inflammatory cytokines were measured in fasting blood draw samples before and after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Plasma interleukin (IL) 1β concentrations were double at 3 mos after surgery compared with baseline. Plasma IL-1β increased to a greater (P < 0.05) extent relative to IL-4 in the placebo group (mean ± SE slope, 18.87 ± 0.68; r = 0.97) than in the antioxidant group (mean ± SE slope, 4.84 ± 0.42; r = 0.89). Similarly, the relative increase in IL-1β to IL-2 was greater (P < 0.05) in the placebo (mean ± SE slope, 2.70 ± 0.21) than in the antioxidant (mean ± SE slope, 1.08 ± 0.23) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Vitamins E and C were ineffective in ameliorating the increases in IL-1β but altered associations between reciprocally regulated cytokines after anterior cruciate ligament surgery.
authors: Sport Science Department, The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, Utah 84107, USA.
authors: Tyler
authors: T
authors: Barker
authors: Thomas B
authors: TB
authors: Martins
authors: Harry R
authors: HR
authors: Hill
authors: Carl R
authors: CR
authors: Kjeldsberg
authors: Roy H
authors: RH
authors: Trawick
authors: Scott W
authors: SW
authors: Leonard
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Walker
authors: Maret G
authors: MG
authors: Traber
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007378:Interleukins; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid