title: Immunomodulatory effects of aerobic training in obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical inactivity and obesity are independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. We analyzed the immunomodulatory capacity of 10-week intensified exercise training (ET) in obese and lean athletes. Markers of the innate immune response were investigated in obese (ONE: ET≤40 km/week) and lean athletes (LNE: ET≤40 km/week and LE: ET≥55 km/week).
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulating dendritic cells (DC) were analyzed by flow-cytometry for BDCA-1/-2-expression. TLR-2/-4/-7 and MyD88 were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Circulating oxLDL levels were analyzed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BDCA-1 expression at baseline was lower in ONE compared to both other groups (ONE 0.15%; LNE 0.27%; LE 0.33%; P < .05), but significantly increased in ONE after training (+50%; P < .05). In contrast, BDCA-2 expression at baseline was higher in ONE (ONE 0.25%; LNE 0.11%; LE 0.09%; P < .05) and decreased in ONE after the 10-week training period (-27%; P < .05). Gene activations of TLR-4 and TLR-7 with corresponding protein increase were found for all three groups (P < .01/P < .05) compared to pre training. A reduction of oxLDL levels was seen in ONE (-61%; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensified exercise induces an increase of BDCA-1+ DCs and TLR-4/-7 in obese athletes. We hereby describe new immune modulatory effects, which-through regular aerobic exercise-modulate innate immunity and pro-inflammatory cytokines in obesity.
authors: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. tsnickel@web.de
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Nickel
authors: Henner
authors: H
authors: Hanssen
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Emslander
authors: Verena
authors: V
authors: Drexel
authors: Gernot
authors: G
authors: Hertel
authors: Arno
authors: A
authors: Schmidt-Trucksäss
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Summo
authors: Zeljka
authors: Z
authors: Sisic
authors: Marius
authors: M
authors: Lambert
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Hoster
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Halle
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Weis
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D000954:Antigens, Surface; C437944:CD1C protein, human; C443299:CLEC4C protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C507779:MYD88 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein