title: Diagnosis of prostate cancer using differentially expressed genes in stroma.
abstract: More than one million prostate biopsies are performed in the United States every year. A failure to find cancer is not definitive in a significant percentage of patients due to the presence of equivocal structures or continuing clinical suspicion. We have identified gene expression changes in stroma that can detect tumor nearby. We compared gene expression profiles of 13 biopsies containing stroma near tumor and 15 biopsies from volunteers without prostate cancer. About 3,800 significant expression changes were found and thereafter filtered using independent expression profiles to eliminate possible age-related genes and genes expressed at detectable levels in tumor cells. A stroma-specific classifier for nearby tumor was constructed on the basis of 114 candidate genes and tested on 364 independent samples including 243 tumor-bearing samples and 121 nontumor samples (normal biopsies, normal autopsies, remote stroma, as well as stroma within a few millimeters of tumor). The classifier predicted the tumor status of patients using tumor-free samples with an average accuracy of 97% (sensitivity = 98% and specificity = 88%) whereas classifiers trained with sets of 100 randomly generated genes had no diagnostic value. These results indicate that the prostate cancer microenvironment exhibits reproducible changes useful for categorizing the presence of tumor in patients when a prostate sample is derived from near the tumor but does not contain any recognizable tumor.
authors: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors: Zhenyu
authors: Z
authors: Jia
authors: Yipeng
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Sawyers
authors: Huazhen
authors: H
authors: Yao
authors: Farahnaz
authors: F
authors: Rahmatpanah
authors: Xiao-Qin
authors: XQ
authors: Xia
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Xu
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Pio
authors: Tolga
authors: T
authors: Turan
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Koziol
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Goodison
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Carpenter
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Wang-Rodriguez
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Simoneau
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Meyskens
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Sutton
authors: Waldemar
authors: W
authors: Lernhardt
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Beach
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Monforte
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: McClelland
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Mercola
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm