title: Genetic variability of smoking persistence in African Americans.
abstract: To date, most genetic association analyses of smoking behaviors have been conducted in populations of European ancestry and many of these studies focused on the phenotype that measures smoking quantity, that is, cigarettes per day. Additional association studies in diverse populations with different linkage disequilibrium patterns and an alternate phenotype, such as total tobacco exposure which accounts for intermittent periods of smoking cessation within a larger smoking period as measured in large cardiovascular risk studies, can aid the search for variants relevant to smoking behavior. For these reasons, we undertook an association analysis by using a genotyping array that includes 2,100 genes to analyze smoking persistence in unrelated African American participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. A locus located approximately 4 kb downstream from the 3'-UTR of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) significantly influenced smoking persistence. In addition, independent variants rs12915366 and rs12914385 in the cluster of genes encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4) on 15q25.1 were also associated with the phenotype in this sample of African American subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first study to more extensively evaluate the genome in the African American population, as a limited number of previous studies of smoking behavior in this population included evaluations of only single genomic regions.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. a-hamidovic@northwestern.edu
authors: Ajna
authors: A
authors: Hamidovic
authors: John L
authors: JL
authors: Kasberger
authors: Taylor R
authors: TR
authors: Young
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Goodloe
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Redline
authors: Sarah G
authors: SG
authors: Buxbaum
authors: Neal L
authors: NL
authors: Benowitz
authors: Andrew W
authors: AW
authors: Bergen
authors: Kenneth R
authors: KR
authors: Butler
authors: Nora
authors: N
authors: Franceschini
authors: Sina A
authors: SA
authors: Gharib
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Hitsman
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Levy
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Meng
authors: George J
authors: GJ
authors: Papanicolaou
authors: Sarah R
authors: SR
authors: Preis
authors: Bonnie
authors: B
authors: Spring
authors: Mindi A
authors: MA
authors: Styn
authors: Elisa K
authors: EK
authors: Tong
authors: Wendy B
authors: WB
authors: White
authors: Kerri L
authors: KL
authors: Wiggins
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Jorgenson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C447158:CHRNA5 protein, human; C447159:CHRNB4 protein, human