title: Efficacy of oral bisphosphonates for preventing hip fracture in disabled patients with neurological diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials among the Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, and Parkinson's disease cause disability and immobilization that increases the risk of hip fracture. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of oral bisphosphonates for preventing hip fracture in disabled patients with such neurological diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search (PubMed) was done from 1995 to the present for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and a meta-analysis was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven RCTs met the criteria, including two of etidronate (ALS and stroke), two of alendronate (stroke and Parkinson's disease), and three of risedronate (stroke and Parkinson's disease). All of the RCTs were performed on Japanese patients. According to the results of pooled data analysis, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of hip fracture in patients receiving etidronate, alendronate, and risedronate treatment compared with placebo or active control treatment was 0.16 (0.03-0.87), 0.29 (0.10-0.80), and 0.24 (0.10-0.58), respectively, suggesting a reduction of risk by more than 70% with oral bisphosphonates. There was no statistical evidence of heterogeneity among RCTs, and publication bias was not identified by the funnel plot and Begg's rank correlation test. No severe adverse events due to oral bisphosphonate treatment were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It remains uncertain whether the findings are relevant for Western patients with an increased risk of hip fracture due to neurological diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A meta-analysis of RCTs suggested that oral bisphosphonate treatment prevents hip fracture in disabled Japanese patients with neurological diseases, including ALS, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. Oral bisphosphonate treatment was well tolerated by such patients.
authors: Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. jiwamoto@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Iwamoto
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Takeda
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates