title: Criminal conviction, impulsivity, and course of illness in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Criminal behavior in bipolar disorder may be related to substance use disorders, personality disorders, or other comorbidities potentially related to impulsivity. We investigated relationships among impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder symptoms, substance use disorder, course of illness, and history of criminal behavior in bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 112 subjects with bipolar disorder were recruited from the community. Diagnosis was by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I and SCID-II); psychiatric symptom assessment by the Change version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS-C); severity of Axis II symptoms by ASPD and borderline personality disorder SCID-II symptoms; and impulsivity by questionnaire and response inhibition measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 29 subjects self-reported histories of criminal conviction. Compared to other subjects, those with convictions had more ASPD symptoms, less education, more substance use disorder, more suicide attempt history, and a more recurrent course with propensity toward mania. They had increased impulsivity as reflected by impaired response inhibition, but did not differ in questionnaire-measured impulsivity. On logit analysis, impaired response inhibition and ASPD symptoms, but not substance use disorder, were significantly associated with criminal history. Subjects convicted for violent crimes were not more impulsive than those convicted for nonviolent crimes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this community sample, a self-reported history of criminal behavior is related to ASPD symptoms, a recurrent and predominately manic course of illness, and impaired response inhibition in bipolar disorder, independent of current clinical state.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA. alan.c.swann@uth.tmc.edu
authors: Alan C
authors: AC
authors: Swann
authors: Marijn
authors: M
authors: Lijffijt
authors: Scott D
authors: SD
authors: Lane
authors: Kimberly L
authors: KL
authors: Kjome
authors: Joel L
authors: JL
authors: Steinberg
authors: F Gerard
authors: FG
authors: Moeller
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000209:etiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012111:Residence Characteristics
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents