title: In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried and fermented processed virgin coconut oil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of virgin coconut oil (VCO) produced by the Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) using various in vivo models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two types of VCOs, produced via standard drying (VCOA) and fermentation (VCOB) processes were used in this study. Both VCOA and VCOB were serially diluted using 1% Tween 80 to concentrations (v/v) of 10, 50 and 100%. Antinociceptive and anti- inflammatory activities of both VCOs were examined using various in vivo model systems. The antinociceptive activity of the VCOs were compared to those of 1% Tween 80 (used as a negative control), morphine (5 mg/kg) and/or acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both VCOA and VCOB exhibited significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Both VCOs also exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in both phases of the formalin and hot-plate tests. Interestingly, the VCOs exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in an acute (carrageenan-induced paw edema test), but not in a chronic (cotton-pellet-induced granuloma test) model of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MARDI-produced VCOs possessed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations.
authors: Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. dr_zaz@yahoo.com
authors: Z A
authors: ZA
authors: Zakaria
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Somchit
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Mat Jais
authors: L K
authors: LK
authors: Teh
authors: M Z
authors: MZ
authors: Salleh
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Long
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000074263:Coconut Oil; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006099:Granuloma / Q000517:prevention & control; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074263:Coconut Oil