title: Associations of common genetic variants with age-related changes in fasting and postload glucose: evidence from 18 years of follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the general, nondiabetic population, fasting glucose increases only slightly over time, whereas 2-h postload glucose shows a much steeper age-related rise. The reasons underlying these different age trajectories are unknown. We investigated whether common genetic variants associated with fasting and 2-h glucose contribute to age-related changes of these traits.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 5,196 nondiabetic participants of the Whitehall II cohort (aged 40-78 years) attending up to four 5-yearly oral glucose tolerance tests. A genetic score was calculated separately for fasting and 2-h glucose, including 16 and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Longitudinal modeling with age centered at 55 years was used to study the effects of each genotype and genetic score on fasting and 2-h glucose and their interactions with age, adjusting for sex and time-varying BMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fasting glucose genetic score was significantly associated with fasting glucose with a 0.029 mmol/L (95% CI 0.023-0.034) difference (P = 2.76 × 10(-21)) per genetic score point, an association that remained constant over time (age interaction P = 0.17). Two-hour glucose levels differed by 0.076 mmol/L (0.047-0.105) per genetic score point (P = 3.1 × 10(-7)); notably, this effect became stronger with increasing age by 0.006 mmol/L (0.003-0.009) per genetic score point per year (age interaction P = 3.0 × 10(-5)), resulting in diverging age trajectories by genetic score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common genetic variants contribute to the age-related rise of 2-h glucose levels, whereas associations of variants for fasting glucose are constant over time, in line with stable age trajectories of fasting glucose.
authors: Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors: Anders C
authors: AC
authors: Jensen
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Barker
authors: Meena
authors: M
authors: Kumari
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Brunner
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kivimäki
authors: Aroon D
authors: AD
authors: Hingorani
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Wareham
authors: Adam G
authors: AG
authors: Tabák
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Witte
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Langenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose