title: Mediating influences of negative affect and risk perception on the relationship between sensation seeking and adolescent cigarette smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substantial number of adolescents are current and regular cigarette smokers, and there is a need to better understand factors that contribute to smoking behavior during these years. Sensation seeking (SS) is one factor that has consistently been associated with smoking, but less is known about mechanisms that may explain this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study tested the hypothesis that high school students high in SS would report heavier cigarette smoking and that this relationship would be mediated by negative affect and by perceptions about the risks of smoking. Students (n = 1,688) participated in an annual survey of substance use and related attitudes and characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, higher SS was associated with greater levels of past 30-day (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, p = .004) and lifetime (OR = 1.37, p = .004) smoking, particularly for males. Multiple mediation models indicated that effect of SS on both 30-day (combined indirect effect z = 5.38, p < .001) and lifetime (z = 6.14, p < .001) smoking was mediated by both negative affect and risk perception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a need for increasing the sensation value of anti-tobacco messages to increase their efficacy for high SS youth. High SS youth may also benefit from prevention efforts designed to teach healthy ways of coping with negative affect.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. nmdoran@ucsd.edu
authors: Neal
authors: N
authors: Doran
authors: Patricia E
authors: PE
authors: Sanders
authors: Nicole M
authors: NM
authors: Bekman
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Worley
authors: Teresa K
authors: TK
authors: Monreal
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: McGee
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Cummins
authors: Sandra A
authors: SA
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003625:Data Collection; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D009042:Motivation; D010465:Perception; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012932:Social Facilitation