title: Clinical and immunologic assessment of sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical findings and inflammatory mediator production among cats with sepsis, cats with noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and healthy cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cats with sepsis (n = 16) or SIRS (19) and 8 healthy control cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical variables were recorded for each cat, and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β activities and IL-6 and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-8 concentrations were determined at initial evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with sepsis in cats included a high band neutrophil percentage, eosinopenia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. When the sepsis and SIRS groups were compared, the only significant differences in the CBC and plasma biochemical findings were band neutrophil percentage and albumin concentration. Cats with sepsis had significantly greater plasma TNF activity than did healthy cats and were more likely to have detectable concentrations of IL-6 than were cats with SIRS or healthy cats. Plasma IL-1β activity did not differ among groups, and CXCL-8 was not detectable in most (32/43) cats. Mortality rate was not significantly greater for cats with sepsis (7/16) than for cats with SIRS (5/19). Plasma IL-1β activity and IL-6 and chloride concentrations were the only variables correlated with nonsurvival in the sepsis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cats with sepsis may have various clinicopathologic abnormalities but are more likely to have a high band neutrophil percentage and hypoalbuminemia than cats with noninfectious SIRS. Plasma interleukin-1β activity and plasma IL-6 and chloride concentrations may be useful prognostic biomarkers for septic cats.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. decluea@missouri.edu
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: Declue
authors: Cherlene
authors: C
authors: Delgado
authors: Chee-Hoon
authors: CH
authors: Chang
authors: Claire R
authors: CR
authors: Sharp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D002415:Cats; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*