title: Prevalence and the associated trigger factors of urinary incontinence among 5000 black women in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from a community survey.
abstract: METHODS
  Symptom prevalence (prospective cohort).
  
  
  METHODS
  1b.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and describe possible trigger factors of urinary incontinence (UI) among adult women in a Nigerian community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study comprised a household community survey conducted among 5001 women aged≥18 years. Cluster multistage sampling was used to select eligible respondents. Information was obtained by an interviewer who administered a structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, obstetric and gynaecological characteristics, leakage of urine and trigger factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean±SD age of the women was 33.2±14.7 years. The proportion of women currently experiencing leakage was 2.8% (95% CI, 2.6-3.0). The types of incontinence reported by women currently leaking included stress incontinence (2.3%), urge incontinence (1%) and mixed (0.6%). Severe incontinence was reported in 0.5% of women, 0.1% had moderate incontinence, whereas 2.2% had mild incontinence. Women with history of vaginal delivery only were approximately two-fold more likely (95% CI OR, 1.11-3.02), and those who delivered by other modes over four-fold more likely (95% CI OR, 1.96-9.27), than nulliparous women to report currently leaking urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows a prevalence of UI comparable to other settings, and the commonest type is stress is found to be UI. The mode of delivery is a significant correlate of UI amongst Nigerian women.
authors: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, College of Medicine/University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors: Oladosu A
authors: OA
authors: Ojengbede
authors: Imran O
authors: IO
authors: Morhason-Bello
authors: Babatunde O
authors: BO
authors: Adedokun
authors: Ngozi S
authors: NS
authors: Okonkwo
authors: Charles O
authors: CO
authors: Kolade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara / Q000453:epidemiology; D017677:Age Distribution; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016387:Women's Health; D055815:Young Adult