title: A short history of bladder exstrophy.
abstract: The first description of bladder exstrophy was noted on Assyrian tablets nearly 4000 years ago. Since then various papers has been published with an increasing rate. According to the available historical data, almost all operative techniques had been described during the last two centuries. We believe, the pioneers put a lot of work in this field and passed on their theoretic knowledge and surgical experience to the current era. Our duty is keep this treasure and add the benefits of recent new technological developments for the future care of our bladder exstrophy patients.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cerahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. cbuyukunal@tnn.net
authors: Cenk S N
authors: CS
authors: Buyukunal
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000266:history* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014572:Urology / Q000266:history*