title: Relaxivity of gadolinium complexes detected by atomic magnetometry.
abstract: Laser atomic magnetometry is a portable and low-cost yet highly sensitive method for low magnetic field detection. In this work, the atomic magnetometer was used in a remote-detection geometry to measure the relaxivity of aqueous gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid Gd(DTPA) at the Earth's magnetic field (40 μT). The measured relaxivity of 9.7±2.0 s(-1) mM(-1) is consistent with field-cycling experiments measured at slightly higher magnetic fields, but no cryogens or strong and homogeneous magnetic field were required for this experiment. The field-independent sensitivity of 80 fT Hz(-1/2) allowed an in vitro detection limit of ∼10 μM Gd(DTPA) to be measured in aqueous buffer solution. The low detection limit and enhanced relaxivity of Gd-containing complexes at Earth's field motivate continued development of atomic magnetometry toward medical applications.
authors: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Michalak
authors: Shoujun
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Lowery
authors: C W
authors: CW
authors: Crawford
authors: Micah
authors: M
authors: Ledbetter
authors: Louis-S
authors: LS
authors: Bouchard
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Wemmer
authors: Dmitry
authors: D
authors: Budker
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Pines
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D060306:Magnetometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium