title: A prospective case control study of psychiatric disorders in adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No study to date has prospectively investigated the impact of epilepsy on psychiatric disorders among adults with an intellectual disability (ID). This study aimed to determine prospectively the influence of epilepsy on the development of psychiatric disorders in adults with ID.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychiatric symptoms were measured prospectively over a 1-year period among 45 adults with ID and active epilepsy and 45 adults with ID without epilepsy, matched on level of ID. The 1-year incidence rate (IR) of commonly occurring Axis 1 psychiatric disorders was compared with and without controlling for possible confounding factors. Total psychiatric symptom scores over the period were compared between the two groups using repeated-measures analysis of covariance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults with epilepsy and ID had a more than seven times increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and unspecified disorders of presumed organic origin, including dementia, over a 1-year period compared to those with ID only. Comparison of the psychiatric scores showed the epilepsy group to have significantly higher unspecified disorder and depression symptom scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings point to an increased risk of depression and unspecified disorders, including dementia, among adults with ID and epilepsy. Further exploration of the nature and treatment of these unspecified disorders may help the care of people with epilepsy and ID.
authors: Al-Amal Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. amnamoosa@hotmail.com
authors: Amna
authors: A
authors: Turky
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Felce
authors: Glyn
authors: G
authors: Jones
authors: Mike
authors: M
authors: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors