title: Clinically relevant genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes.
abstract: In the field of pharmacogenetics, we currently have a few markers to guide physicians as to the best course of therapy for patients. For the most part, these genetic variants are within a drug metabolizing enzyme that has a large effect on the degree or rate at which a drug is converted to its metabolites. For many drugs, response and toxicity are multi-genic traits and understanding relationships between a patient's genetic variation in drug metabolizing enzymes and the efficacy and/or toxicity of a medication offers the potential to optimize therapies. This review will focus on variants in drug metabolizing enzymes with predictable and relatively large impacts on drug efficacy and/or toxicity; some of these drug/gene variant pairs have impacted drug labels by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The challenges in identifying genetic markers and implementing clinical changes based on known markers will be discussed. In addition, the impact of next generation sequencing in identifying rare variants will be addressed.
authors: Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA. npinto1@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors: Navin
authors: N
authors: Pinto
authors: M Eileen
authors: ME
authors: Dolan
mesh_terms: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations