title: Effects of work-related factors and work-family conflict on depression among Japanese working women living with young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a Japanese metropolis, we examined the effects of work-related factors and work-family conflict on depressive symptoms among working women living with young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was derived from women (n=501) who lived with at least one preschool child and worked for 20 hours or more per week. As work-related factors, we chose job pressure, skill underutilization, dissatisfaction with personal income, inflexible work schedule, job insecurity, and relationships in the workplace. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The effects of work-related factors and work-family conflict on depressive symptoms were explored by hierarchical regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Work-related factors except job pressure were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Multiple regression analyses revealed that women who had more frequent work-family conflict and more work-related stressors such as bad relationships in the workplace, job insecurity, and underutilization of skills were likely to have more depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women workers with young children, work-family conflict and various work-related factors such as perceived bad relationships at work, job insecurity, and underutilization of skills had a significant relationship with depressive symptoms. Much more research is needed to explore ways to support working mothers.
authors: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Masako
authors: M
authors: Seto
authors: Kanehisa
authors: K
authors: Morimoto
authors: Soichiro
authors: S
authors: Maruyama