title: Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic potential of hydroalcoholic extracts from Citrus medica L. cv Diamante flowers, leaves and fruits at two maturity stages.
abstract: Since the past decade consumption of certain foods has been reported to have a positive effect on health. The object of the study was to determine for the first time the chemical composition and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic potential of Citrus medica L. cv Diamante flowers, leaves and fruits (endocarp and mesocarp) at two maturity stages. Flowers and leaves were characterized by the highest total phenols and flavonoids content. A declining trend was observed during maturity of fruits for both phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test showed a strong activity for flowers and endocarp of mature fruits with IC50 values of 2.8 μg/mL and 3.5 μg/mL, respectively, after 30 min of incubation. Interestingly, the mature fruits endocarp (IC50 value of 426.0 μg/mL) could inhibit α-amylase with an IC50 value 2-fold higher than immature fruits. None of the tested extracts affected the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts 142BR. The obtained results suggest a potential use of C. medica L. cv Diamante as new valuable Citrus species with functional properties for food or nutraceutical product on the basis of high content of phytochemicals.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Menichini
authors: Monica R
authors: MR
authors: Loizzo
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Bonesi
authors: Filomena
authors: F
authors: Conforti
authors: Damiano
authors: D
authors: De Luca
authors: Giancarlo A
authors: GA
authors: Statti
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: de Cindio
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Menichini
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Tundis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000032:analysis; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019207:beta Carotene; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases