title: Calcium and cell death mechanisms: a perspective from the cell death community.
abstract: Research during the past several decades has provided convincing evidence for a crucial role of the Ca(2+) ion in cell signaling. Hence, intracellular Ca(2+) transients have been implicated in most aspects of cell physiology, including gene transcription, cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. Further, the Ca(2+) ion has been found to also play an important role in cell death regulation. Thus, necrotic cell death was early associated with intracellular Ca(2+) overload, and multiple functions in the apoptotic process have subsequently been found to be governed by Ca(2+) signaling. More recently, other modes of cell death, notably anoikis and autophagic cell death, have been demonstrated to also be modulated by Ca(2+) transients. Characteristics, interrelationship and mechanisms involved in Ca(2+) regulation of these cell death modalities are discussed in this review.
authors: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Boris.Zhivotovsky@ki.se
authors: Boris
authors: B
authors: Zhivotovsky
authors: Sten
authors: S
authors: Orrenius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023102:Anoikis / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D002118:Calcium