title: Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma by downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: Allergic asthma is characterized by hyperresponsiveness and inflammation of the airway with increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has been proved to have antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of GSPE on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. BALB/c mice, sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), were intraperitoneally injected with GSPE. Administration of GSPE remarkably suppressed airway resistance and reduced the total inflammatory cell and eosinophil counts in BALF. Treatment with GSPE significantly enhanced the interferon (IFN)- γ level and decreased interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels in BALF and total IgE levels in serum. GSPE also attenuated allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation and mucus-producing goblet cells in the airway. The elevated iNOS expression observed in the OVA mice was significantly inhibited by GSPE. In conclusion, GSPE decreases the progression of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by downregulating the iNOS expression, promising to have a potential in the treatment of allergic asthma.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
authors: Dan-yang
authors: DY
authors: Zhou
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Du
authors: Ruo-ran
authors: RR
authors: Li
authors: Mao
authors: M
authors: Huang
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Guo-zhen
authors: GZ
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000009:adverse effects; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D018793:Interleukin-13; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II