title: Dairy consumption and the incidence of hyperglycemia and the metabolic syndrome: results from a french prospective study, Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the French Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort, cross-sectional analyses have shown that a higher consumption of dairy products and calcium are associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We assess the influence of dairy products on 9-year incident MetS and on impaired fasting glycemia and/or type 2 diabetes (IFG/T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women who completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 3 years were studied (n = 3,435). Logistic regression models were used to study associations between the average year 0 and year 3 consumption of milk and dairy products, cheese, dietary calcium density, and incident MetS and IFG/T2D after adjusting for 1) sex, age, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, fat intake and 2) additionally for BMI. Associations between dairy products and continuous variables were studied by repeated-measures ANCOVA, using the same covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dairy products other than cheese, and dietary calcium density, were inversely associated with incident MetS and IFG/T2D; cheese was negatively associated with incident MetS. All three parameters were associated with lower diastolic blood pressure, and with a lower BMI gain. Higher cheese intake and calcium density were associated with a lower increase in waist circumference and lower triglyceride levels. Calcium density was also associated with a lower systolic blood pressure and a lower 9-year increase in plasma triglyceride levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher consumption of dairy products and calcium was associated with a lower 9-year incidence of MetS and IFG/T2D in a large cohort drawn from the general population.
authors: 1INSERM U695, Paris, France. frederic.fumeron@inserm.fr
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Fumeron
authors: Amel
authors: A
authors: Lamri
authors: Charbel
authors: C
authors: Abi Khalil
authors: Riphed
authors: R
authors: Jaziri
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Porchay-Baldérelli
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Lantieri
authors: Sylviane
authors: S
authors: Vol
authors: Beverley
authors: B
authors: Balkau
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Marre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D003611:Dairy Products; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary