title: Cognitive function in adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal diabetes may affect offspring cognitive function. The objective of the study was to evaluate cognitive function and potential predictors hereof in adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a follow-up study of adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes (n = 158) and a reference group from the background population (n = 118). The main outcome measure was offspring cognitive function measured by global cognitive score, derived from Raven's Progressive Matrices and three verbal subtests from the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes obtained lower global cognitive scores (94.8 vs. 100.0, P = 0.004) than offspring from the background population. When adjusted for confounders, the groups no longer differed significantly (difference 0.4, 95% CI -3.3 to 4.). Positive predictors of cognitive function in offspring of women with diabetes were family social class, parental educational level, maternal diabetes duration, male gender and offspring age, whereas parity ≥ 1 and gestational age < 34 weeks were negative predictors. We found no association with maternal glycaemia during pregnancy or with neonatal hypoglycaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired cognitive function in adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes compared with the background population apparently reflects differences with respect to well-known confounders. However, harmful effects of maternal hyperglycaemia may be mediated through delivery at < 34 weeks.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, The Capital Region of Denmark, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark. tine.dalsgaard.clausen@dadlnet.dk
authors: T D
authors: TD
authors: Clausen
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Mortensen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Schmidt
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Mathiesen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hansen
authors: D M
authors: DM
authors: Jensen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Holm
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Poulsen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: From
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Damm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult