title: Enhanced bone regeneration around dental implant with bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene and vascular endothelial growth factor protein delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the synergistic effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the repair of bone defects around dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups of scaffold were fabricated by a freeze-drying method, including pure chitosan/collagen scaffold; scaffold loaded with adenoviruses expressing BMP-2, adenoviruses expressing VEGF, both adenoviruses expressing BMP-2 and VEGF, VEGF protein and adenovirus expressing BMP-2. In vitro studies examined whether bone marrow stromal cells were responsive to these scaffolds over time. Bone formation capacity, bone-to-implant contact, as well as removal torque values were investigated in vivo. Differences between the various groups were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro study revealed a burst and rapid release of VEGF with a sustained high-level expression of BMP-2 in scaffold combined with VEGF protein and adenoviruses expressing BMP-2. Histomorphometry demonstrated that scaffolds expressing BMP-2 enhanced more bone formation compared with other groups; VEGF alone is insufficient to promote bone formation. New bone formation in the bone defects around dental implants, bone-to-implant contact and mean peak removal torque showed statistically significant difference for the adenoviral vector encoding human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Ad-BMP-2) and VEGF protein and adenovirus expressing BMP-2 groups. Furthermore, scaffold combined with VEGF protein and Ad-BMP-2 represented the best outcomes in this model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of BMP-2 gene and VEGF protein could have a synergistic effect in promoting bone healing.
authors: Ministry Education Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Luo
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Shi
authors: Xiangrong
authors: X
authors: Cheng
authors: Yufeng
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D019415:Torque; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D015921:Dental Implants; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase