title: An algorithm for application of furlow palatoplasty to the treatment of velocardiofacial syndrome-associated velopharyngeal insufficiency.
abstract: Treatment of velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS)-associated velopharyngeal insufficiency is controversial. Palatoplasties have variable success, and pharyngeal flaps (PPF) increase the obstructive sleep apnea risk. Our center uses Furlow palatoplasties to treat overt clefts and kinetic submucous cleft palates. PPFs are employed to treat akinetic palates and recurrent/persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency after palatoplasty. A retrospective review was performed of patients with VCFS treated according to this algorithm. Twenty-seven patients with VCFS were included: 3.7% (n = 1) had overt clefts; 81.4% (n = 22) underwent Furlow palatoplasties for kinetic submucous cleft palates; 14.8% (n = 4) underwent primary PPFs for akinetic palates. The algorithm was successful in 21 patients (77.7%). Furlow palatoplasty achieved ultimate success in 45% of patients. Secondary PPF was successful in all 7 patients, as was primary PPF in all 4 patients. Furlow palatoplasty represents a first step in treating appropriate VCFS patients that avoids the risk of sleep apnea, but the potential for secondary pharyngoplasty must be considered.
authors: Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: S Alex
authors: SA
authors: Rottgers
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Ford
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Cray
authors: Darren
authors: D
authors: Smith
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Kinsella
authors: Lorelei
authors: L
authors: Grunwaldt
authors: Joseph E
authors: JE
authors: Losee
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*