title: A longitudinal study of allergy and intestinal helminth infections in semi urban and rural areas of Flores, Indonesia (ImmunoSPIN Study).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infections play a role in allergic diseases can best be addressed by intervention studies. None of the studies so far have been based on a large scale placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed to assess how intestinal helminth infections can influence the immune response and atopic and allergic disorders in children in Indonesia. The relations between allergic outcomes and infection and lifestyle factors will be addressed. This study was set up among school-age children in semi urban and rural areas, located in Ende District of Flores Island, Indonesia. A randomized placebo-controlled anthelmintic treatment trial to elucidate the impact of helminth infections on the prevalence of skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and symptoms of allergic diseases will be performed. The children living in these semi-urban and rural areas will be assessed for SPT to allergens before and after 1 and 2 years of treatment as the primary outcome of the study; the secondary outcome is symptoms (asthma and atopic dermatitis); while the tertiary outcome is immune responses (both antibody levels to allergens and cellular immune responses).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study will provide information on the influence of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on immune response, atopy and allergic disorders.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN: ISRCTN83830814.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
authors: Firdaus
authors: F
authors: Hamid
authors: Aprilianto E
authors: AE
authors: Wiria
authors: Linda J
authors: LJ
authors: Wammes
authors: Maria Mm
authors: MM
authors: Kaisar
authors: Bertrand
authors: B
authors: Lell
authors: Iwan
authors: I
authors: Ariawan
authors: Hae Won
authors: HW
authors: Uh
authors: Heri
authors: H
authors: Wibowo
authors: Yenny
authors: Y
authors: Djuardi
authors: Sitti
authors: S
authors: Wahyuni
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Schot
authors: Jaco J
authors: JJ
authors: Verweij
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: van Ree
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: May
authors: Erliyani
authors: E
authors: Sartono
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Yazdanbakhsh
authors: Taniawati
authors: T
authors: Supali
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D006376:Helminths / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population; D012882:Skin Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000871:Anthelmintics; D015766:Albendazole