title: Water extracts of cinnamon and clove exhibits potent inhibition of protein glycation and anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic activity in zebrafish.
abstract: Advanced glycation end products contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and atherosclerosis. Aqueous extracts of ground pepper, cinnamon, rosemary, ginger, and clove were analyzed and tested for anti-atherosclerotic activity in vitro and in vivo using hypercholesterolemic zebrafish. Cinnamon and clove extracts (at final 10 μg/mL) had the strongest anti-glycation and antioxidant activity in this study. Cinnamon and clove had the strongest inhibition of activity against copper-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and LDL phagocytosis by macrophages. Cinnamon or clove extracts had potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner. They exhibited hypolipidemic activity in a hypercholesterolemic zebrafish model; the clove extract-treated group had a 68% and 80% decrease in serum cholesterol and TG levels, respectively. The clove extract-fed group had the smallest increase in body weight and height and the strongest antioxidant activity following a 5-week high cholesterol diet. Hydrophilic ingredients of cinnamon and clove showed potent activities to suppress the incidence of atherosclerosis and diabetes via strong antioxidant potential, prevention of apoA-I glycation and LDL-phagocytosis, inhibition of CETP, and hypolipidemic activity. These results suggest the potential to develop a new functional dietary agent to treat chronic metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
authors: School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Seori
authors: S
authors: Jin
authors: Kyung-Hyun
authors: KH
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002935:Cinnamomum zeylanicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D010936:Plant Extracts