title: Immunostaining for nucleophosmin in bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens in acute myeloid leukemias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the technicalfeasibility of nucleophosmin (NPM) staining and the problems of interpretations by pathologists in an academic regional hospital in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of hematopoietic progenitor cells that presents genetic abnormalities in several genes, including NPM. Mutations of the NPM gene occur in 35% of patients with AML with normal karyotype, causing cytoplasmic rather than nuclear localization of the protein. Because the NPM antibody recently became commercially available, we immunostained a series of diagnosed AML samples. We performed NPM immunostaining in 48 AML cases. NPM immunostaining was correlated with phenotypic and cytogenetic data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reactivity for NPM was exclusively nuclear in 31 cases (64.6%) and nuclear and cytoplasmic in 17 cases (35.4%). The distribution of NPM cytoplasmic staining was more frequently observed in cases with monocytic differentiation and with normal karyotype or with minor cytogenetic abnormalities (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NPM immunostaining is a feasible test, without problems of interpretation for pathologists, when the sections are optimally prepared and can be considered predictive of peculiar phenotypic and karyotype subtypes of AML, in addition to the well-known prognostic role.
authors: Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona Hospital,Italy. g.goteri@univpm.it
authors: Gaia
authors: G
authors: Goteri
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Zizzi
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Sabato
authors: Antonello
authors: A
authors: Costagliola
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Stramazzotti
authors: Corrado
authors: C
authors: Rubini
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Discepoli
authors: Debora
authors: D
authors: Capelli
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Leoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D014207:Trephining
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000090243:Nucleophosmin