title: Late-onset anaphylaxis due to poly (γ-glutamic acid) in the soup of commercial cold Chinese noodles in a patient with allergy to fermented soybeans (natto).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fermented soybeans (natto) have been reported to induce IgE-mediated, late-onset anaphylaxis without early-phase responses. However, the relevant allergens of natto allergy have never been identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 38-year-old man developed an anaphylactic reaction accompanied by flashing, generalized urticaria, conjunctival redness, and dyspnea 3 hours after ingestion of commercial cold Chinese noodles. He had avoided natto for the past year due to developing several anaphylactic reactions half a day after natto ingestion. The results of skin prick tests (SPTs) were strongly positive for natto and the soup of cold Chinese noodles. Furthermore, SPTs showed positive for poly (γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), which is a major constituent of natto mucilage, alone among all the ingredients of the cold Chinese noodle soup. Therefore, he was diagnosed with late-onset anaphylaxis to PGA contained in natto and the cold Chinese noodle soup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that in the present case, the relevant allergen of late-onset anaphylaxis may have been PGA in all episodes and that the patient had been sensitized by PGA through natto ingestion. PGA is produced by Bacillus subtilis during fermentation and is a high-molecular, biodegradable polymer. The late onset is therefore, hypothesized to be due to a delayed absorption of PGA, as PGA biodegrades to peptides sufficiently small to be absorbed in the bowel. PGA has recently been applied to a wide range of fields such as foods, cosmetics, and medicine. Therefore, patients with late-onset anaphylaxis to PGA of natto should avoid not only natto but also other materials containing PGA.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. ninomata@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Inomata
authors: Keishi
authors: K
authors: Chin
authors: Mayumi
authors: M
authors: Nagashima
authors: Zenro
authors: Z
authors: Ikezawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D012882:Skin Tests; D045730:Soy Foods
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D018698:Glutamic Acid