title: Concurrent Cryptococcal and Pneumocystis Pneumonia along with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an HIV-Positive Patient: Lessons Learned for Early Management.
abstract: We are presenting a 50-year-old patient of pulmonary tuberculosis, on anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) for last 2 months who presented with fever, cough, breathlessness, anorexia, and weight loss. The case was found to be HIV reactive. His sputum sample showed Candida albicans and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Fluconazole and cotrimoxazole + sulphamethoxazole were added. The index case did not respond to the treatment and his clinical condition started to deteriorate and he developed headache, vomiting, and dysphagia. Repeat sputum sample and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed Cryptococcus neoformans which was found to be sensitive to Amphotericin B. Amphotericin B was added to the treatment and patient clinically responded to treatment. In conclusion, emphasis should be given to correct etiological identification, allowing appropriate treatment and decreasing the morbidity and mortality in these patients as concomitant opportunistic infections may cause diagnostic problems.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
authors: Ravinder
authors: R
authors: Kaur
authors: Hitender
authors: H
authors: Gautam
authors: Megha
authors: M
authors: Maheshwari
authors: Ritu
authors: R
authors: Goyal
authors: Preena
authors: P
authors: Bhalla
authors: Richa
authors: R
authors: Dewan
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000175:diagnosis; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B