title: Anatomy, function, injuries, and treatment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon.
abstract: Lesions of the long head biceps tendon (LHB) are frequent causes of shoulder pain and disability. Biceps tenotomy and tenodesis have gained widespread acceptance as effective procedures to manage both isolated LHB pathology and combined lesions of the rotator cuff and biceps-labral complex. The function of the LHB tendon and its role in glenohumeral kinematics presently remain only partially understood because of the difficulty of cadaveric and in vivo biomechanical studies. The purpose of this article is to offer an up-to-date review of the anatomy and biomechanical properties of the LHB and to provide an evidence-based approach to current treatment strategies for LHB disorders.
authors: Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado 81657, USA.
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Elser
authors: Sepp
authors: S
authors: Braun
authors: Christopher B
authors: CB
authors: Dewing
authors: J Erik
authors: JE
authors: Giphart
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Millett
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012421:Rupture / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019534:Shoulder Impingement Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing