title: Ambulatory esophageal pHmetry in healthy dogs with and without the influence of general anesthesia.
abstract: This research aimed to determine the value of esophageal pH in awake and anesthetized dogs, to evaluate the esophageal pH value in awake dogs, in different body positions, as well as to study the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in these positions. Thus, 40 healthy male and female adult dogs with mean body weight of 15.5 ± 4.6 kg were used. Esophageal pHmetry was conducted by inserting a catheter through the oropharynx in 30 dogs (stage 1) anesthetized with acepromazine, propofol and isoflurane, submitted to elective ovariosalpingohysterectomy. In addition, 8-h esophageal pHmetry was carried out transnasally in 10 awake dogs (stage 2), allowed to move and change body positions (lateral and sternal decubitus, and standing position), which were recorded. The mean esophageal pH value was lower (p < 0.01) in the anesthetized dogs (7.3 ± 0.82) than in the awake dogs (8.2 ± 0.3). Only four anesthetized dogs (13.33%) suffered reflux episodes. Reflux was not observed in the awake dogs and no esophageal pH differences were found between the body positions studied. Compared to the alert state, general anesthesia in dogs submitted to the previously mentioned anesthesia protocol causes esophageal pH reduction and predisposes to the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux episodes. Transnasal pHmetry of 8 h in healthy awake dogs reveals that the esophageal pH value is alkaline and does not vary according to body position. In these animals, decubitus position is not a determining factor for reflux episodes to occur.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: Evandro Silva
authors: ES
authors: Favarato
authors: Maria Verônica
authors: MV
authors: de Souza
authors: Paulo Renato dos Santos
authors: PR
authors: Costa
authors: Luiz Gonzaga
authors: LG
authors: Pompermayer
authors: Lukiya Silva Campos
authors: LS
authors: Favarato
authors: José Ivo
authors: JI
authors: Ribeiro Júnior
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000009:adverse effects; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D057785:Catheters / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D015742:Propofol / Q000009:adverse effects; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000075:Acepromazine; D007530:Isoflurane; D015742:Propofol