title: BMP-9 induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential.
abstract: Promoting osteogenic differentiation and efficacious bone regeneration have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of orthopaedic and musculoskeletal disorders. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are bone marrow progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate along osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Differentiation along these lineages is a tightly controlled process that is in part regulated by the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). BMPs 2 and 7 have been approved for clinical use because their osteoinductive properties act as an adjunctive treatment to surgeries where bone healing is compromised. BMP-9 is one of the least studied BMPs, and recent in vitro and in vivo studies have identified BMP-9 as a potent inducer of osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. BMP-9 exhibits significant molecular cross-talk with the Wnt/ β-catenin and other signaling pathways, and adenoviral expression of BMP-9 in MSCs increases the expression of osteogenic markers and induces trabecular bone and osteiod matrix formation. Furthermore, BMP-9 has been shown to act synergistically in bone formation with other signaling pathways, including Wnt/ β-catenin, IGF, and retinoid signaling pathways. These results suggest that BMP-9 should be explored as an effective bone regeneration agent, especially in combination with adjuvant therapies, for clinical applications such as large segmental bony defects, non-union fractures, and/or spinal fusions.
authors: Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, IL 60637, USA.
authors: Gaurav
authors: G
authors: Luther
authors: Eric R
authors: ER
authors: Wagner
authors: Gaohui
authors: G
authors: Zhu
authors: Quan
authors: Q
authors: Kang
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Luo
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Lamplot
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Bi
authors: Xiaoji
authors: X
authors: Luo
authors: Jinyong
authors: J
authors: Luo
authors: Chad
authors: C
authors: Teven
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Shi
authors: Stephanie H
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Jian-Li
authors: JL
authors: Gao
authors: Enyi
authors: E
authors: Huang
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Yang
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Rames
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Mi
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Hu
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Yuxi
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Bai-Cheng
authors: BC
authors: He
authors: Guo-Wei
authors: GW
authors: Zuo
authors: Zhong-Liang
authors: ZL
authors: Deng
authors: Russell R
authors: RR
authors: Reid
authors: Hue H
authors: HH
authors: Luu
authors: Rex C
authors: RC
authors: Haydon
authors: Tong-Chuan
authors: TC
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D055427:Growth Differentiation Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055427:Growth Differentiation Factor 2; D051176:beta Catenin