title: Salivary immunity in elderly individuals presented with Candida-related denture stomatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elderly individuals with Candida-related denture stomatitis (DS) present with a reduced defence against Candida albicans. This study evaluated levels of antimicrobial mediators in the elderly DS saliva and salivary neutrophils' activation characteristics compared with elderly and young without DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary peroxidases (SPO) and elastase activities (ELA), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), IL-6 and CCL3 production were determined in saliva from elderly with or without DS, and young control individuals. TLR4, CXCR1, CD11b, CD16 and CD32 expression on salivary neutrophils were evaluated. Correlations between number and apoptosis rate of salivary neutrophils, enzymatic activities and cytokine levels were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elderly DS individuals exhibited the lowest SPO and ELA activities. Also, the activity of both enzymes was low in elderly without DS. Although both elderly groups showed higher salivary NO and TGF-β levels compared to young control groups, elderly DS presented the highest salivary NO, TGF-β, IL-6 and CCL3 levels. Decreased percentages of salivary TLR4(+) and CD16(+) neutrophils were detected in both elderly groups. Although these damages could influence the establishment and persistence of DS, the highest levels of salivary IL-6 and CCL3 in elderly DS could be preventing more serious complications.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. thaisgasparoto@usp.br
authors: Thaís H
authors: TH
authors: Gasparoto
authors: Carla R
authors: CR
authors: Sipert
authors: Carine E
authors: CE
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Vinicius C
authors: VC
authors: Porto
authors: Carlos F
authors: CF
authors: Santos
authors: Ana P
authors: AP
authors: Campanelli
authors: Vanessa S
authors: VS
authors: Lara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000276:immunology*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000032:analysis; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000032:analysis; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000032:analysis; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C509295:ITGAM protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010544:Peroxidases; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase