title: Sildenafil and FDP-Sr attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing abnormal expression of myocardial CASQ2, FKBP12.6, and SERCA2a in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether calcium-modulating proteins CASQ2, FKBP12.6 and SERCA2a participate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, and whether the beneficial actions of testosterone, sildenafil or fructose diphosphate Sr (FDP-Sr) in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy result from suppressing these molecules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups. Except for the normal group (non-diabetic), the other four groups were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes. Four weeks after STZ injection, the four groups received sildenafil (12 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig, for 4 week), FDP-Sr (200 mg/kg, ig, for 4 week), testosterone propionate (4 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), sc, for 4 week), or no treatment, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the diabetic rats, blood glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly reduced, as compared to the non-diabetic rats. Cardiac dysfunction and myocardial hypertrophy of the diabetic rats were associated with increased mRNA and protein expression of iNOS, OBRb, and PKCɛ, while expression of CASQ2, SERCA2a, and FKBP12.6 was significantly down-regulated. Sildenafil and FDP-Sr, but not testosterone, significantly attenuated the biomarker abnormalities, without changing the metabolic abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CASQ2, FKBP12.6 and SERCA2a were down-regulated in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sildenafil and FDP-Sr, but not testosterone, attenuated the cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy, without changing the metabolic abnormalities, which may results from inhibiting oxidative and inflammatory cytokines and improving calcium homeostasis.
authors: The Faculty of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Yu-si
authors: YS
authors: Cheng
authors: De-zai
authors: DZ
authors: Dai
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Ji
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Yin
authors: Y
authors: Dai
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics*; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; C503872:caisequestrin 2, rat; D005632:Fructose; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; C403484:tacrolimus binding protein 1B