title: The increase in surface CXCR4 expression on lung extravascular neutrophils and its effects on neutrophils during endotoxin-induced lung injury.
abstract: Inflammatory stimuli, such as a microbes or lipopolysaccharides, induce a rapid release of neutrophils from the bone marrow and promote neutrophil migration into inflamed sites to promote host defense. However, an excess accumulation and retention of neutrophils in inflamed tissue can cause severe tissue injuries in the later stages of inflammation. Recent studies have reported that both CXCL12 levels in injured lungs and its receptor, CXCR4, on accumulated neutrophils in injured lungs, increased; furthermore, these studies showed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway participated in neutrophil accumulation in the later stages of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. However, the mechanisms underlying this increase in surface CXCR4 expression in neutrophils remain unclear. In this study, we found that surface CXCR4 expression increased in extravascular, but not intravascular, neutrophils in the lungs of LPS-induced lung injury model mice. Furthermore, ex vivo studies revealed that CXCL12 acted not only as a chemoattractant, but also as a suppressor of cell death for the lung neutrophils expressing CXCR4. Sulfatide, one of the native ligands for L-selectin, induced the increase of surface CXCR4 expression on isolated circulating neutrophils, suggesting that the activation of L-selectin may be involved in the increase in surface CXCR4. Our findings show that surface CXCR4 levels on neutrophils increase after extravasation into injured lungs, possibly through the activation of L-selectin. The CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway plays an important role in the modulation of neutrophil activity during acute lung injury, not only by promoting chemotaxis but also by suppressing cell death.
authors: Department of Regional Cooperation for Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors: Mitsuhiro
authors: M
authors: Yamada
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kubo
authors: Seiichi
authors: S
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Kota
authors: K
authors: Ishizawa
authors: Mei
authors: M
authors: He
authors: Takaya
authors: T
authors: Suzuki
authors: Naoya
authors: N
authors: Fujino
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Kunishima
authors: Masamitsu
authors: M
authors: Hatta
authors: Katsushi
authors: K
authors: Nishimaki
authors: Tetsuji
authors: T
authors: Aoyagi
authors: Kouichi
authors: K
authors: Tokuda
authors: Miho
authors: M
authors: Kitagawa
authors: Hisakazu
authors: H
authors: Yano
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Tamamura
authors: Nobutaka
authors: N
authors: Fujii
authors: Mitsuo
authors: M
authors: Kaku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids; D019041:L-Selectin