title: [The pineal cyst in children with different central nervous system diseases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the group of adult patients being diagnosed from different neurological complaints frequency of pineal cyst occurrence is estimated at 0,1-4,9%. Frequency of its occurrence in pediatric population is unknown, however it is regarded as a common lesion at this age, more frequent in girls and older children. This structural lesion is usually asymptomatic, without sequels and clinical complications. However, neoplastic lesions may also localize in pineal cyst.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Characterization of pineal cysts found in children diagnosed from different neurological diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 children at the age range from 14 months to 17 years were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatric Neurology Chair of Pediatric and Adolescent Neurology in the years 2006-2010. MR examination with contrast (with the use of Siemens device 1,5 T) revealed lesions in pineal gland defined as pineal cysts. Predominance of girls was observed in the group (33/45). Additionally older children between 10 and 15 years of age were dominating (27/ 45). In 24/45 children serum tumor markers AFP and betaHCG were determined. Examined group of patients with clinical symptoms which indicated necessity of MR examination performance was very heterogenic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diameter of pineal cyst was between 3-10 mm in 40/45 children, 13 mm in 2 children and 11 mm in 3 children (most often 4-5 mm in 18 children). Usually this lesion accompanied other congenital or acquired CNS disorders. In 1/3 of children included to the study, headaches were cause of brain MR examination. In 15 children brain MR examination was performed due to epileptic paroxysmal events. No positive values of tumor markers were found in any of examined children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Pineal cysts are common structural lesions in children hospitalized from different neurological symptoms. 2. Pineal cysts were usually found in children diagnosed because of headaches and epilepsy, and these were the most often final diagnosis. 3. In the examined group children over the age of 10 years and female sex predominate. 4. It is suspected that in majority of hospitalized patients pineal cyst was an incidental finding, with no association with clinical symptoms.
authors: Klinika Neurologii Dzieciecej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum, Kraków. neupedkr@cm-uj.krakow.pl
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Zajac
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Skowronek-Bała
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Wesołowska
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Kaciński
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D003560:Cysts / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D033162:Incidental Findings; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010870:Pineal Gland; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins