title: Glycerol-3-phosphate is a critical mobile inducer of systemic immunity in plants.
abstract: Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is an important metabolite that contributes to the growth and disease-related physiologies of prokaryotes, plants, animals and humans alike. Here we show that G3P serves as the inducer of an important form of broad-spectrum immunity in plants, termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SAR is induced upon primary infection and protects distal tissues from secondary infections. Genetic mutants defective in G3P biosynthesis cannot induce SAR but can be rescued when G3P is supplied exogenously. Radioactive tracer experiments show that a G3P derivative is translocated to distal tissues, and this requires the lipid transfer protein, DIR1. Conversely, G3P is required for the translocation of DIR1 to distal tissues, which occurs through the symplast. These observations, along with the fact that dir1 plants accumulate reduced levels of G3P in their petiole exudates, suggest that the cooperative interaction of DIR1 and G3P orchestrates the induction of SAR in plants.
authors: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors: Bidisha
authors: B
authors: Chanda
authors: Ye
authors: Y
authors: Xia
authors: Mihir Kumar
authors: MK
authors: Mandal
authors: Keshun
authors: K
authors: Yu
authors: Ken-Taro
authors: KT
authors: Sekine
authors: Qing-ming
authors: QM
authors: Gao
authors: Devarshi
authors: D
authors: Selote
authors: Yanling
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Arnold
authors: A
authors: Stromberg
authors: Duroy
authors: D
authors: Navarre
authors: Aardra
authors: A
authors: Kachroo
authors: Pradeep
authors: P
authors: Kachroo
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018744:DNA, Plant; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D007527:Isoenzymes; C466483:dir1-1 protein, Arabidopsis; C029620:alpha-glycerophosphoric acid; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; C487187:SFD1 protein, Arabidopsis