title: Regulation of REGγ cellular distribution and function by SUMO modification.
abstract: Discovery of emerging REGγ-regulated proteins has accentuated the REGγ-proteasome as an important pathway in multiple biological processes, including cell growth, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. However, little is known about the regulation of the REGγ-proteasome pathway. Here we demonstrate that REGγ can be SUMOylated in vitro and in vivo by SUMO-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3. The SUMO-E3 protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS)1 physically associates with REGγ and promotes SUMOylation of REGγ. SUMOylation of REGγ was found to occur at multiple sites, including K6, K14, and K12. Mutation analysis indicated that these SUMO sites simultaneously contributed to the SUMOylation status of REGγ in cells. Posttranslational modification of REGγ by SUMO conjugation was revealed to mediate cytosolic translocation of REGγ and to cause increased stability of this proteasome activator. SUMOylation-deficient REGγ displayed attenuated ability to degrade p21(Waf//Cip1) due to reduced affinity of the REGγ SUMOylation-defective mutant for p21. Taken together, we report a previously unrecognized mechanism regulating the activity of the proteasome activator REGγ. This regulatory mechanism may enable REGγ to function as a more potent factor in protein degradation with a broader substrate spectrum.
authors: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Wu
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Zhou
authors: Guangqiang
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zeng
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Bianhong
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Honglin
authors: H
authors: Luo
authors: Xiaotao
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D050828:Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT / Q000378:metabolism; D055550:Protein Stability; D021381:Protein Transport; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058207:Sumoylation
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001324:Autoantigens; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C099558:Ki antigen; D050505:Mutant Proteins; C106529:PIAS1 protein, human; D050828:Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex