title: Effects of race on albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease.
abstract: The literature describing the relationship between urinary protein excretion and risk of cardiovascular disease and renal disease is rapidly proliferating. Several studies have demonstrated racial differences in the relationship between albuminuria and associated disorders. The purpose of this article is to summarize the effects of race on the relationship between albuminuria and renal and cardiovascular disease risk, propose explanatory hypotheses, and suggest directions for future investigation.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1053, USA.
authors: Vardaman M
authors: VM
authors: Buckalew
authors: Barry I
authors: BI
authors: Freedman
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers