title: Enhancement of medical interns' levels of clinical skills competence and self-confidence levels via video iPods: pilot randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Designing and delivering evidence-based medical practice for students requires careful consideration from medical science educators. Social Web (Web 2.0) applications are a part of today's educational technology milieu; however, empirical research is lacking to support the impact of interactive Web 2.0 mobile applications on medical educational outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to determine whether instructional videos provided by iPod regarding female and male urinary catheter insertion would increase students' confidence levels and enhance skill competencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study with medical trainee intern (TI) participants: 10 control participants (no technological intervention) and 11 intervention participants (video iPods). Before taking part in a skills course, they completed a questionnaire regarding previous exposure to male and female urinary catheterization and their level of confidence in performing the skills. Directly following the questionnaire, medical faculty provided a 40-minute skills demonstration in the Advanced Clinical Skills Centre (ACSC) laboratory at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. All participants practiced the skills following the demonstrations and were immediately evaluated by the same faculty using an assessment rubric. Following the clinical skill evaluation, participants completed a postcourse questionnaire regarding skill confidence levels. At the end of the skills course, the intervention group were provided video iPods and viewed a male and a female urinary catheterization video during the next 3 consecutive months. The control group did not receive educational technology interventions during the 3-month period. At the end of 3 months, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire and a clinical assessment of urinary catheterization skills at the ACSC lab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate a decline in skill competency over time among the control group for both male and female catheterizations, whereas the competency level was stable among the experimental group for both procedures. Interaction results for competency scores indicate a significant level by group and time (P = .03) and procedure and group (P = .02). The experimental group's confidence level for performing the female catheterization procedure differed significantly over time (P < .001). Furthermore, confidence scores in performing female catheterizations increased for both groups over time. However, the confidence levels for both groups in performing the male catheterization decreased over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Video iPods offer a novel pedagogical approach to enhance medical students' medical skill competencies and self-confidence levels. The outcomes illustrate a need for further investigation in order to generalize to the medical school population.
authors: School of Nursing, Adult Health Department, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA. maggie2hansen@gmail.com
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Hansen
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Oosthuizen
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Windsor
authors: Iain
authors: I
authors: Doherty
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Greig
authors: Karina
authors: K
authors: McHardy
authors: Lloyd
authors: L
authors: McCann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D055539:MP3-Player; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014743:Videotape Recording; D055815:Young Adult