title: Responsive interface switchable by logically processed physiological signals: toward "smart" actuators for signal amplification and drug delivery.
abstract: Biomarkers characteristic of liver injury, alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, were processed by an enzyme-based system functioning as a logic AND gate. The NAD+ output signal produced by the system upon its activation in the presence of both biomarkers was then biocatalytically converted to a decrease in pH. The acidic pH value biocatalytically produced by the system as a response to the biomarkers triggered the restructuring of a polymer-modified electrode interface. This allowed a soluble redox species to approach the electrode surface, thus switching the electrochemical reaction ON. The redox transformations activated by the biochemical signals resulted in an amplification of signals. This system represents the first example of an integrated sensing-actuating chemical device with the implemented AND Boolean logic for processing natural biomarkers at their physiologically relevant concentrations.
authors: Empire State College, SUNY , P.O. Box 908, Fort Drum, New York 13602-0908, USA.
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Privman
authors: Tsz Kin
authors: TK
authors: Tam
authors: Vera
authors: V
authors: Bocharova
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Halámek
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Evgeny
authors: E
authors: Katz
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009243:NAD; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase