title: Coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively assess the relationship between coffee consumption and incidence of pancreatic cancer in a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded and bibliographies of retrieved articles. Studies were included if they reported relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% CIs of pancreatic cancer with respect to frequency of coffee intake. We performed random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions of study-specific incremental estimates to determine the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with a 1 cup/d increment in coffee consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, which included 671,080 individuals (1496 cancer events) with an average follow-up of 14.9 years. Compared with individuals who did not drink or seldom drank coffee per day, the pooled RR of pancreatic cancer was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69-0.95) for regular coffee drinkers, 0.86 (0.76-0.96) for low to moderate coffee drinkers, and 0.68 (0.51-0.84) for high drinkers. In subgroup analyses, we noted that, coffee drinking was associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in men, while this association was not seen in women. These associations were also similar in studies from North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that there is an inverse relationship between coffee drinking and risk of pancreatic cancer.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Dong
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Zou
authors: Xiao-Feng
authors: XF
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003069:Coffee; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee