title: The effect of calcium ion concentration on the bone response to oxidized titanium implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of calcium concentration on the bone tissue response to Ca-incorporated titanium implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two titanium surfaces containing 4.2% and 6.6% calcium were prepared using the micro-arc oxidation process. The implants were inserted in the tibia of nine New Zealand White rabbits. After 6 weeks of healing, the bone response to the implants was quantitatively compared by biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ca 4.2% and Ca 6.6% containing implants revealed no distinctive differences in their qualitative surface chemistry; chemical bonding state of Ca in titanium oxide was mainly calcium titanates. No significant differences were observed between two implants in peak removal torque and shear strength comparisons (P>0.05). Histomorphometrical analyses presented no significant differences in bone-metal contact, bone area and newly formed bone measurements between two implants (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements, the two calcium concentrations in this study did not differ significantly with respect to their influence on the bone tissue response. This similar bone response in rabbit tibiae may be explained by the similarity of the qualitative Ca chemistry in titanium surfaces.
authors: Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Byung-Soo
authors: BS
authors: Kang
authors: Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Young-Taeg
authors: YT
authors: Sul
authors: Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Carina B
authors: CB
authors: Johansson
authors: Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Se-Jung
authors: SJ
authors: Oh
authors: Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Hyun-Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Albrektsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium