title: Histone deacetylase-1 and -2 expression in mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters and patients survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been associated with tumor development and progression in several types of human malignancy and HDAC inhibitors are currently being explored as anti-cancer agents in clinical trials. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of HDAC-1 and -2 protein expression in mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  HDAC-1 and -2 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on 49 mobile tongue SCC tissue samples and was analyzed in relation with clinicopathological characteristics, overall and disease-free patients' survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HDAC-1 overexpression was significantly associated with younger patients' age (P = 0.0381) and male gender (P = 0.0345), poor histopathological grade of differentiation (P = 0.0236) and the presence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.0104). Intense HDAC-1 staining intensity was significantly associated with male gender (P = 0.0127), increased stromal infiltration reaction (P = 0.0125) and well-defined shape of tumor invasion (P = 0.0396). HDAC-2 overexpression did not show significant correlations with any clinicopathological parameters, whereas intense HDAC-2 staining intensity was significantly associated with the presence of muscular invasion (P = 0.0466) and advanced depth of invasion (P = 0.0251). Mobile tongue SCC patients with HDAC-1 overexpression presented shorter overall and disease-free survival compared to those with no evidence of HDAC-1 overexpression (log-rank test, P = 0.0651 and 0.0247, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study supported evidence that HDACs may participate in the formation and progression of mobile tongue SCC, reinforcing their possible use as biomarkers as also the therapeutic utility of HDAC inhibitors in mobile tongue SCC chemoprevention and treatment.
authors: Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France. theocharis@ath.forthnet.gr
authors: Stamatios
authors: S
authors: Theocharis
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Klijanienko
authors: Constantinos
authors: C
authors: Giaginis
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Jouffroy
authors: Angelique
authors: A
authors: Girod
authors: Paraskevi
authors: P
authors: Alexandrou
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Sastre-Garau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C110550:HDAC1 protein, human; C533423:HDAC2 protein, human; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2