title: Increases in human papillomavirus detection during early HIV infection among women in Zimbabwe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals who acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may experience an immediate disruption of genital tract immunity, altering the ability to mount a local and effective immune response. This study examined the impact of early HIV infection on new detection of human papillomavirus (HPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-five Zimbabwean women with observation periods before and after HIV acquisition and 486 HIV-uninfected women were selected from a cohort study evaluating hormonal contraceptive use and risk of HIV acquisition. Study visits occurred at 3-month intervals. Cervical swab samples available from up to 6 months before, at, and up to 6 months after the visit when HIV was first detected were typed for 37 HPV genotypes or subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed ∼5-fold higher odds of multiple (≥2) new HPV detections only after HIV acquisition, relative to HIV-negative women after adjusting for sexual behavior and concurrent genital tract infections. We also observed ∼2.5-fold higher odds of single new HPV detections at visits before and after HIV acquisition, relative to HIV-uninfected women in multivariable models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that HIV infection has an immediate impact on genital tract immunity, as evidenced by the high risk of multiple new HPV detections immediately after HIV acquisition.
authors: Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors: Rebecca G
authors: RG
authors: Nowak
authors: Patti E
authors: PE
authors: Gravitt
authors: Charles S
authors: CS
authors: Morrison
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Gange
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Kwok
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: Oliver
authors: Roslyn
authors: R
authors: Howard
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Van der Pol
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Salata
authors: Nancy S
authors: NS
authors: Padian
authors: Tsungai
authors: T
authors: Chipato
authors: Marshall
authors: M
authors: Munjoma
authors: David D
authors: DD
authors: Celentano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology