title: Inflammatory cytokines in gastric fluid at birth and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins in gastric fluid of premature infants shortly after birth are associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric fluid retrieved within 1 h of birth of premature infants (gestational age <29 weeks) was analysed for interleukin (IL)-8, growth-related oncogene (Gro)-α, epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA)-78, IL-1β and Clara cell secretory protein with ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 51 enrolled infants, 86% had BPD. Of these, 54% had mild BPD, 30% had moderate BPD and 16% had severe BPD. Clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with high levels of IL-8, Gro-α, Epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78) and IL-1β in gastric fluid. Gastric fluid levels of IL-8, Gro-α, ENA-78 and IL-1β were higher in infants with moderate or severe BPD than in those with no or mild BPD. Ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus was associated with the development of moderate or severe BPD. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The levels of inflammatory mediators in gastric fluid samples retrieved soon after birth from intubated or nonintubated infants can be used to assess the infants' perinatal exposure to inflammatory mediators and its association with neonatal outcome.
authors: Division of Neonatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Stichel
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bäckström
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Hafström
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nilsson
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Lappalainen
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Bry
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008297:Male; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011247:Pregnancy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014598:Uteroglobin
chemical_list: C414735:CENPJ protein, human; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D014598:Uteroglobin