title: Super-micro-bland particle embolization combined with RF-ablation: angiographic, macroscopic and microscopic features in porcine kidneys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe angiographic, macroscopic and microscopic features of super-micro-bland particle embolization in combination with RF-ablation in kidneys. Thereby, a special focus was given on the impact of the sequence of the different procedural steps.
  
  
  METHODS
  In ten pigs, super-micro-bland particle embolization combined with RF-ablation was carried out. Super-micro-bland embolization was performed with spherical particles of very small size and tight calibration (40 ± 10 μm). In the left kidneys, RF-ablations were performed before embolization (I). In the right kidneys, RF-ablations were performed after embolization (II). The animals were killed three hours after the procedures. Angiographic (e.g. vessel architecture), macroscopic (e.g. long and short axes of the RF-ablations) and microscopic (e.g. particle distribution) study goals were defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiography detected almost no vessels in the center of the RF-ablations in I. In II, angiography could not define the RF-ablations. Macroscopy detected significantly larger long and short axes of the RF-ablations in II compared to I (52.2 ± 3.2 mm vs. 45.3 ± 6.9 mm [P<0.05] and 25.1 ± 3.5mm vs. 20.0 ± 1.9 mm [P<0.01], respectively). Microscopy detected irregular particle distribution at the rim of the RF-ablations in I. In II, microscopy detected homogeneous particle distribution at the rim of the RF-ablations. Microscopy detected no particles in the center of the RF-ablations in I and II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sequence of the different procedural steps of super-micro-bland particle embolization combined with RF-ablation impacts angiographic, macroscopic and microscopic features in kidneys in the acute setting.
authors: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. christof.sommer@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Sommer
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kortes
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Mogler
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Bellemann
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Holzschuh
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Arnegger
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nickel
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Gehrig
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zelzer
authors: H P
authors: HP
authors: Meinzer
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Longerich
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Stampfl
authors: H U
authors: HU
authors: Kauczor
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Radeleff
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010316:Particle Size; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine