title: Molecular epidemiology and clinical presentation of human adenovirus infections in Kansas City children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A significant increase in adenovirus detection among patients at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City was observed between June 2007 and January 2008.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To molecularly characterize the human adenoviruses and describe their association with clinical illness in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred adenovirus-positive specimens from 79 children were typed by hexon gene sequence typing method. Restriction enzyme analysis (REA) was performed on isolates of HAdV-3, -7 and -14 to identify genomic variants. Medical records were reviewed to understand the clinical illnesses associated with adenovirus serotypes and genome types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prevalent HAdV serotypes were HAdV-3 (37%), HAdV-7 (25%), HAdV-1 (16%), HAdV-2 (8%). HAdV infection was common in children ≤3 years of age (71%) versus children >3 years (29%). Majority of the HAdV-infected children were hospitalized (78%); 22/79 (28%) stayed >3 days and 8/79 (10%) required intensive care unit stay. Hospitalization rates for HAdV-3 (36%) and HAdV-7 (25%) were comparable. REA data indicated that HAdV-3a2 was the predominant HAdV-3 genome type. Two novel genomic variants of HAdV-3 exhibiting unique BglII or BstEII profiles were identified in isolates from patients with bronchiolitis. All HAdV-7 and -14 isolates were identified as corresponding to genome types 7d2 and 14p1, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Kansas City, we noticed an increase in the incidence of HAdV-7 (25%; n=24/98) infections compared to the previous two years (6%; n=6/107). Two new genomic variants of HAdV-3 appear to have emerged in our area and seem to be associated with lower respiratory tract infections in children.
authors: Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri Kansas City-School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors: Suresh B
authors: SB
authors: Selvaraju
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Kovac
authors: Laura M
authors: LM
authors: Dickson
authors: Adriana E
authors: AE
authors: Kajon
authors: Rangaraj
authors: R
authors: Selvarangan
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007615:Kansas / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D000091402:Prohibitins; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; C000717331:PHB2 protein, human; D000091402:Prohibitins