title: Morphology and magnetic characterisation of aluminium substituted yttrium-iron garnet nanoparticles prepared using sol gel technique.
abstract: Aluminum substituted yttrium iron garnet nano particles with compositional variation of Y(3.0-x) A1(x)Fe5O12, where x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 were prepared using sol gel technique. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the best garnet phase appeared when the sintering temperature was 800 degrees C. Nano-crystalline particles with high purity and sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm were obtained. It was found that the aluminum substitution had resulted in a sharp fall of the d-spacing when x = 2, which we speculated is due to the preference of the aluminum atoms to the smaller tetrahedron and octahedron sites instead of the much larger dodecahedron site. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and electron diffraction (ED) patterns showed single crystal nanoparticles were obtained from this method. The magnetic measurement gave moderate values of initial permeability; the highest value of 5.3 was shown by sample Y3Fe5O12 at more than 100 MHz which was attributed to the morphology of the microstructure which appeared to be homogeneous. This had resulted in an easy movement of domain walls. The substitution of aluminum for yttrium is speculated to cause a cubic to rhombodedral structural change and had weakened the super-exchange interactions thus a fall of real permeability was observed. This might have created a strain in the sub-lattices and had subsequently caused a shift of resonance frequencies to more than 1.8 GHz when x > 0.5.
authors: Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh Perak, Malaysia.
authors: Noorhana
authors: N
authors: Yahya
authors: Ramadan Masoud
authors: RM
authors: Al Habashi
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Koziol
authors: Rafal Dunin
authors: RD
authors: Borkowski
authors: Majid Niaz
authors: MN
authors: Akhtar
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Kashif
authors: Mansor
authors: M
authors: Hashim
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D008280:Magnetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D044367:Phase Transition; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015019:Yttrium; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron