title: Improvement of auditory hallucinations and reduction of primary auditory area's activation following TMS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the present case study, improvement of auditory hallucinations following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy was investigated with respect to activation changes of the auditory cortices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), activation of the auditory cortices was assessed prior to and after a 4-week TMS series of the left superior temporal gyrus in a schizophrenic patient with medication-resistant auditory hallucinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hallucinations decreased slightly after the third and profoundly after the fourth week of TMS. Activation in the primary auditory area decreased, whereas activation in the operculum and insula remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination of TMS and repetitive fMRI is promising to elucidate the physiological changes induced by TMS.
authors: German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Frederik L
authors: FL
authors: Giesel
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Mehndiratta
authors: Albrecht
authors: A
authors: Hempel
authors: Eckhard
authors: E
authors: Hempel
authors: Kai R
authors: KR
authors: Kress
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Essig
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Schröder
mesh_terms: D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult