title: Two-year clinical outcome after carvedilol-loaded stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carvedilol is an antioxidant that inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of carvedilol-loaded stents on 2-year clinical outcomes after stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective trial with male subjects to compare the safety and effects of carvedilol-loaded BiodivYsio® stents implanted into 20 patients with those of bare-metal BiodivYsio® stents implanted into 21 patients for de novo coronary lesions. The primary end point was the degree of neointimal hyperplasia, which was measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) 6 months after the procedure; the secondary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 2 years after implantation. All carvedilol and control stents were deployed successfully.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2-year follow-up was completed for 19 patients (95%) in the carvedilol stent group and 20 patients (95%) in the control stent group. IVUS showed a trend toward a larger luminal area (6.86 ± 2.59 vs. 5.47 ± 1.52 mm², p = 0.267), smaller neointimal area (1.34 ± 0.70 vs. 2.40 ± 1.73 mm², p = 0.18), and reduced net decrease in luminal area (-0.78 ± 0.97 vs. -1.89 ± 1.78 mm², p = 0.106) in the carvedilol stent group compared with the control stent group, respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of MACE (10.5 vs. 30.0%, respectively, p = 0.132) between the groups at 2 years after stent implantation. Stent thrombosis did not occur in either group after 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The carvedilol-loaded stents tended to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia without the occurrence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis at 2-year follow-up.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Hyun Kuk
authors: HK
authors: Kim
authors: Young Joon
authors: YJ
authors: Hong
authors: Myung Ho
authors: MH
authors: Jeong
authors: Weon
authors: W
authors: Kim
authors: Sung Soo
authors: SS
authors: Kim
authors: Jum Suk
authors: JS
authors: Ko
authors: Min Goo
authors: MG
authors: Lee
authors: Doo Sun
authors: DS
authors: Sim
authors: Keun Ho
authors: KH
authors: Park
authors: Nam Sik
authors: NS
authors: Yoon
authors: Hyun Ju
authors: HJ
authors: Yoon
authors: Kye Hun
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Hyung Wook
authors: HW
authors: Park
authors: Ju Han
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Youngkeun
authors: Y
authors: Ahn
authors: Jeong Gwan
authors: JG
authors: Cho
authors: Jong Chun
authors: JC
authors: Park
authors: Jung Chaee
authors: JC
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol