title: Nanoemulsified green tea extract shows improved hypocholesterolemic effects in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Nanoemulsification of nutrients could improve bioavailability by enhancing intestinal uptake. We investigated the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of nanoemulsified green tea extract (NGTE). Antioxidant effect was measured by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. C57BL/6 mice were fed a control high-fat diet, green tea extract (GTE), or NGTE diet for 4 weeks. In composition analysis, GTE and NGTE contained similar total catechin concentrations. The antioxidative effect of GTE was comparable with that of NGTE. In the ABTS assay, GTE had a marked effect, although NGTE was more effective than GTE in the DCFH-DA assay. In the mouse feeding experiment, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced after NGTE treatment in comparison with GTE treatment in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice over the course of 4 weeks. The hypocholesterolemic effects were greater in the NGTE group compared with the GTE group (24% vs. 15.4% LDL cholesterol reduction compared with the control). Expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was significantly down-regulated. Protein expression of LDL receptor was significantly increased in the livers of both the GTE- and NGTE-treated groups (+234.1%, P<.01 and +274.7%, P<.001), with a greater effect in the NGTE than in the GTE group. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene expression was similarly increased in both the GTE and NGTE groups. These results suggest that nanoemulsification significantly increased hypocholesterolemic effects of GTE in vivo due to increased bioavailability.
authors: Department of Food & Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea.
authors: Young Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Kim
authors: Soung-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Houng
authors: Jae Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Young-Rok
authors: YR
authors: Kim
authors: Hong Geun
authors: HG
authors: Ji
authors: Sung-Joon
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004655:Emulsions; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase