title: A 12-year anthropometric evaluation of the nose in bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate patients following nasoalveolar molding and cutting bilateral cleft lip and nose reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate have nasal deformities including reduced nasal tip projection, widened ala base, and a deficient or absent columella. The authors compare the nasal morphology of patients treated with presurgical nasoalveolar molding followed by primary lip/nasal reconstruction with age-matched noncleft controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal, retrospective review of 77 nonsyndromic patients with bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate was performed. Nasal tip protrusion, alar base width, alar width, columella length, and columella width were measured at five time points spanning 12.5 years. A one-sample t test was used for statistical comparison to an age-matched noncleft population published by Farkas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five measurements demonstrated parallel, proportional growth in the treatment group relative to the noncleft group. The nasal tip protrusion, alar base width, alar width, columella length, and columella width were not statistically different from those of the noncleft, age-matched control group at age 12.5 years. The nasal tip protrusion also showed no difference in length at 7 and 12.5 years. The alar width and alar base width were significantly wider at the first four time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to describe nasal morphology following nasoalveolar molding and primary surgical repair in patients with bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate through the age of 12.5 years. In this investigation, the authors have shown that patients with bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate treated at their institution with nasoalveolar molding and primary nasal reconstruction, performed at the time of their lip repair, attained nearly normal nasal morphology through 12.5 years of age.
authors: Portland, Ore.; Madison, Wis.; and New York, N.Y. From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Department of Orthodontics, Oregon Health and Science University; the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; and the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Medical Center.
authors: Judah S
authors: JS
authors: Garfinkle
authors: Timothy W
authors: TW
authors: King
authors: Barry H
authors: BH
authors: Grayson
authors: Lawrence E
authors: LE
authors: Brecht
authors: Court B
authors: CB
authors: Cutting
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010158:Palatal Obturators; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D015607:Stents