title: Proteosome-adjuvanted intranasal influenza vaccines: advantages, progress and future considerations.
abstract: The development of a safe and effective non-live intranasal influenza vaccine has been an elusive target in vaccinology for many decades. It is perceived that intranasal immunization, by offering a more convenient and less invasive vaccination modality, will boost vaccination rates against influenza, a disease that continues to inflict a significant annual health and economic burden worldwide. Intranasal immunization may also confer additional immunoprotective benefits by eliciting mucosal secretory antibodies at the site of entry of the virus, which are typically more broadly cross-reactive and cross-protective compared with those induced by systemic routes of vaccination. This property is highly desirable for confering improved protection against variant strains of influenza virus. Here we review the current status of intranasal proteosome-based influenza vaccines that comprise commercial detergent-split influenza antigens and proteosome adjuvants derived from purified bacterial outer membrane proteins. We demonstrate that these vaccines exhibit the desired advantages expected from immunization via the intranasal route. Furthermore, in clinical trials proteosome-based influenza vaccines were shown to be safe and protective in humans. The future possibilities for commercializing intranasal proteosome-influenza vaccines are also discussed.
authors: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals of North America, Research and Development, 525 Cartier boulevard. West Laval, Quebec, Canada.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Burt
authors: Corey
authors: C
authors: Mallett
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Plante
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Zimmermann
authors: Krikor
authors: K
authors: Torossian
authors: Louis
authors: L
authors: Fries
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex