title: Negative results ofumu genotoxicity test of fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorinated alkyl acids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) has been ubiquitously detected in the environment as well as in human serum. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), a precursor of PFOA, undergo biodegradation via several metabolic routes which leads to formation of various biodegradation products. The degradation of FTOHs produces an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde that seems possibly to be electrophilic and may react with cellular macromolecules including DNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the genotoxicity of three FTOHs (6∶2 FTOH, 8∶2 FTOH and 10∶2 FTOH), PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) using theumu test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FTOHs, PFOA and PFOS showed no significant increases in β-galactosidase activity at 0-1000 μM in the absence of S9 mix. The results were unchanged by the metabolic activation with S9 mix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genotoxicities of FTOHs, PFOA or PFOS are not detectable using the present method, suggesting that they are unlikely mutagens.
authors: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yoshimitsu
authors: Y
authors: Oda
authors: Shoji
authors: S
authors: Nakayama
authors: Kouji H
authors: KH
authors: Harada
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Koizumi