title: Redox-based protein modifications: the missing link in plant immune signalling.
abstract: Activation of plant immunity is associated with dramatic changes in the cellular redox status. Both oxidative and reductive bursts have been described that trigger a set of down stream responses resulting in reprogramming of the transcriptome and establishment of disease resistance. Nonetheless, how these redox changes are sensed and signal to downstream regulators remained a missing link in studies of plant immunity. Emerging evidence now indicates that pathogen-induced changes in the cellular redox environment are sensed by reactive cysteine residues of key regulatory proteins. Varying degrees of reversible, oxidative cysteine modifications control the activity, localization, protein-interaction and stability of regulatory proteins. These diverse effects on protein function make post-translational redox-based modifications potent modulators of plant immunity.
authors: University of Edinburgh, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, King's Buildings, Daniel Rutherford Building, Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, United Kingdom. sspoel@staffmail.ed.ac.uk
authors: Steven H
authors: SH
authors: Spoel
authors: Gary J
authors: GJ
authors: Loake
mesh_terms: D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000378:metabolism; D017510:Protein Folding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine