title: Genotoxicity in cell lines induced by chronic exposure to water-soluble fullerenes using micronucleus test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nanomaterials have numerous potential benefits for society, but the effects of nanomaterials on human health are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to determine the genotoxic effects of chronic exposure to nanomaterials in various cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, human epidermoid-like carcinoma (Hela) cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were treated with the water-soluble fullerence C(60)(OH)(24) for 33-80 days. Cell proliferation, cytotoxic analysis and micronucleus tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When treated with C(60)(OH)(24) (0, 10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml) for 33 days, both the HEK293 and Hela cells showed increased cell proliferation, but cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not affected. After long-term exposure (80 days) to C(60)(OH)(24) (0, 10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml), the CHO, Hela and HEK293 cells showed increased genotoxicity on the micronucleus test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that nanomaterials, such as C(60)(OH)(24), have genotoxic effects.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute, National Cardiovascular Center, 565-8565, Suita, Osaka, Japan, yniw@ri.neve.go.jp.
authors: Yasuharu
authors: Y
authors: Niwa
authors: Naoharu
authors: N
authors: Iwai