title: Meta-analysis showing the beneficial effect of α-blockers on ureteric stent discomfort.
abstract: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Ureteric stents cause significant discomfort and this is probably related to ureteric smooth muscle spasm and trigonal irritation. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists reduce smooth muscle activity and are already widely used in medical expulsive therapy to aid passage of ureteric calculi. This meta-analysis incorporating five randomized controlled trials provides evidence that alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists reduce stent-related pain and storage symptoms as assessed by the Ureteric Stent Symptoms Questionnaire (USSQ).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  • To evaluate the efficacy of α-blockers with respect to improving stent-related symptoms. • Ureteric stents remain a source of marked discomfort and their placement is often required after certain ureteroscopic procedures or in the acute setting. This analysis identifies and reviews the several studies that have investigated the role of α-blockers after stent placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  • Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were scrutinized using standard MeSH headings. • Randomized or controlled trials comparing α-blockers with control or standard therapy were included. • In all studies, patients completed the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ). • The study data were independently reviewed by two assessors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  • In total, five studies of varying quality were identified, including 461 patients receiving either tamsulosin or alfuzosin, or control. • On meta-analysis, all five studies showed a reduction in USSQ urinary symptom score and body pain scores. There was mean reduction of 8.4 (95% CI, 5.6-11.1) in the urinary symptom score and 7.2 (95% CI, 2.5-11.8) in the body pain score. • In three studies, the numbers of patients experiencing stent related pain were stated: 45% (51/114) of patients receiving an α-blocker experienced painful episodes within the follow-up period defined for that study compared to 76% (88/116) in the control groups, which is equivalent to a relative risk of pain of 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.71). • There were also reductions in other aspects of the USSQ, such as the general health score and sexual matters score, although these were not statistically significant or uniformly reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • There is evidence that α-blockers provide an improvement in discomfort after placement of a ureteric stent.
authors: Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. alastair.lamb@cancer.org.uk
authors: Alastair D
authors: AD
authors: Lamb
authors: Sarah L
authors: SL
authors: Vowler
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Johnston
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Dunn
authors: Oliver J
authors: OJ
authors: Wiseman
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists