title: Oral naproxen versus oral tramadol for analgesia after cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacies of oral naproxen and oral tramadol for pain relief after cesarean delivery, and to evaluate administration at fixed intervals versus on request.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, 120 women were randomized into 4 groups receiving either oral naproxen or oral tramadol at fixed intervals or on request. Pain was assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 48hours after delivery, and adverse effects, mobility, breastfeeding, and the need for additional drugs for breakthrough pain were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in pain scores was observed at 6, 12, 24, or 48hours among the 4 groups, between the 2 drugs, or between the 2 methods of administration. Women randomized to receive oral tramadol requested additional drugs for breakthrough pain more frequently. In addition, adverse effects were twice as common in the tramadol group as in the naproxen group, and more women in the tramadol group abandoned the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although similar in terms of pain scores, oral naproxen might be more effective than oral tramadol for pain relief after cesarean delivery. Naproxen seemed to have a better adverse-effects profile, and therefore might be more suitable for mothers. Administration at fixed intervals might be more efficacious than administration on request.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. rsammour2002@gmail.com
authors: Rami N
authors: RN
authors: Sammour
authors: Gonen
authors: G
authors: Ohel
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Cohen
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Gonen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014147:Tramadol; D009288:Naproxen