title: Lipid-lowering treatment in hypercholesterolaemic patients: the CEPHEUS Pan-Asian survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia in Asia is rarely evaluated on a large scale, and data on treatment outcome are scarce. The Pan-Asian CEPHEUS study aimed to assess low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment among patients on lipid-lowering therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This survey was conducted in eight Asian countries. Hypercholesterolaemic patients aged ≥18 years who had been on lipid-lowering treatment for ≥3 months (stable medication for ≥6 weeks) were recruited, and lipid concentrations were measured. Demographic and other clinically relevant information were collected, and the cardiovascular risk of each patient was determined. Definitions and criteria set by the updated 2004 National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this survey, 501 physicians enrolled 8064 patients, of whom 7281 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 61.0 years, 44.4% were female, and 85.1% were on statin monotherapy. LDL-C goal attainment was reported in 49.1% of patients overall, including 51.2% of primary and 48.7% of secondary prevention patients, and 36.6% of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. The LDL-C goal was attained in 75.4% of moderate risk, 55.4% of high risk, and only 34.9% of very high-risk patients. Goal attainment was directly related to age and inversely related to cardiovascular risk and baseline LDL-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of Asian hypercholesterolaemic patients on lipid-lowering drugs are not at recommended LDL-C levels and remain at risk for cardiovascular disease. Given the proven efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs in the reduction of LDL-C, there is room for further optimization of treatments to maximize benefits and improve outcomes.
authors: Cardiology, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangnam Ku, Seoul, Korea. jepark39@gmail.com
authors: Jeong Euy
authors: JE
authors: Park
authors: Chern-En
authors: CE
authors: Chiang
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Munawar
authors: Gia Khai
authors: GK
authors: Pham
authors: Apichard
authors: A
authors: Sukonthasarn
authors: Anastacio R
authors: AR
authors: Aquino
authors: Kah Lin
authors: KL
authors: Khoo
authors: Hon Wah Raymond
authors: HW
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents