title: Composition of liquid rice hull smoke and anti-inflammatory effects in mice.
abstract: A new liquid rice hull smoke extract with a smoky aroma and sugar-like odor prepared by pyrolysis of rice hulls followed by liquefaction of the resulting smoke contained 161 compounds characterized by GC/MS. Antioxidative, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract were assessed in vitro and in vivo. At pH 5, the extract inhibited 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and β-hexosaminidase releases from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophage leukemia cells and ionophore A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 rat basophilic cells without significant cytotoxicity. 12-O-Tetradecanolylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was applied to the ears of CD-1 mice to induce inflammation (edema), which was accompanied by increases in a series of biomarkers. Topical application of 1% of the extract as well as feeding mice a standard diet with 1% extract for two weeks significantly reduced the expression of biomarkers associated with the TPA-induced inflammation. These include tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), myeloperoxidase (MPO). These in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate the potential value of rice hull smoke extract derived from a major agricultural byproduct to serve as a new biomaterial for the improvement of food quality and safety and the environment.
authors: Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea.
authors: Sung Phil
authors: SP
authors: Kim
authors: Jun Young
authors: JY
authors: Yang
authors: Mi Young
authors: MY
authors: Kang
authors: Jun Cheol
authors: JC
authors: Park
authors: Seok Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Nam
authors: Mendel
authors: M
authors: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D012906:Smoke