title: The association between pain and measures of well-being among nursing home residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which pain is associated with well-being indices among nursing home residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 185 for-profit nursing homes from 19 states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 9952 long-stay residents without cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimum Data Set assessments on pain; analgesics; and cognitive, functional, and emotional status. Logistic regression models provided estimates of the association between persistent/intensified pain and intermittent pain on increases in depressed or anxious mood, reduced time involved in activities, resisting care, as well as verbal and physical aggression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five percent had pain documented on 2 consecutive assessments; these residents were more likely to have arthritis, an anxiety disorder, depression, or insomnia and less likely to have cognitive impairment than patients without pain. Residents with persistent pain were 79% as likely to experience mood impairments (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-1.99) and 90% as likely to have less than one-third of time involved with activities (AOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.32-2.75) relative to those without pain. Residents with intermittent pain were 30% as likely to experience mood impairments (AOR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.18-1.45) and 55% as likely to have less than one-third of time involved with activities (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.08-2.23) relative to those without pain. No association was observed with resisting care or verbal or physical aggression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nursing home residents, pain is highly prevalent and affects measures of well-being. Initiatives to recognize and appropriately treat pain may lead to increased measures of well-being.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. kllapane@vcu.edu
authors: Kate L
authors: KL
authors: Lapane
authors: Brian J
authors: BJ
authors: Quilliam
authors: Wing
authors: W
authors: Chow
authors: Myoung
authors: M
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics