title: Adherence of acanthamoeba to lens cases and effects of drying on survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of drying the lens case with tissue on the presence of Acanthamoeba with cases left wet and to determine adherence to the lens case of varying concentrations of Acanthamoeba suspensions. The effect of drying on viability of Acanthamoeba in new, used, and soiled lens cases was compared over a 24 h period.
  
  
  METHODS
  New (16) and scratched (16) lens cases were rinsed with a range of Acanthamoeba suspensions. Eight of each group were dried with tissue and the presence of Acanthamoeba was determined in all cases using polymerase chain reaction. To examine effects of drying, forty-two lens case wells were scratched to simulate use and 21 of these were artificially soiled with serum Bovine albumin. These cases and a further 21 unused wells were contaminated with Acanthamoeba (×10/ml) and then left to dry in a cool, dry environment. Three wells of each group were sampled at time 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h, and the number of viable Acanthamoeba were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acanthamoeba were more likely to adhere to used than unused lens cases (p < 0.05). Detection of Acanthamoeba in wiped lens cases was at 2-log dilutions less than in cases left wet for both new and used lens cases. Adherence were significantly different between rinse and rinse/dried cases (p = 0.015). Air drying significantly reduced the numbers of viable amoebic cysts and trophozoites and the effect was time dependent. Survival was significantly higher in used and soiled wells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drying with tissue after rinsing significantly reduces numbers of adhering Acanthamoeba. Acanthamoeba were found to be able to adhere even to new unused cases, so the importance of proper cleaning and disinfection of lens cases cannot be underestimated. Air drying reduces viability but some viable cells were present at 24 h in soiled cases, confirming the role of biofilm in protecting organisms from desiccation.
authors: Department of Health Technology & Informatics (MB), and School of Optometry (GSS, PC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. htmboost@polyu.edu.hk
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Boost
authors: Guang-Sen
authors: GS
authors: Shi
authors: Pauline
authors: P
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003261:Contact Lenses; D003890:Desiccation; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D006801:Humans; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine