title: Antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities of Ferula foetida regel (Umbelliferae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Ferula genus (Umbelliferae) is a rich source of gum-resin and is much utilized in folklore medicine. This study is designed to examine antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities of Ferula foetida regel flower, stem and leaf extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide and H2O2 scavenging activities, Fe2+ chelating ability, reducing power and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid peroxidation were used to evaluate antioxidant activities. Antihaemolytic activity was evaluated by H2O2 induced hemolysis in rat erythrocyte. Total phenolic compounds were determined as gallic acid equivalents and total flavonoid contents were calculated as quercetin equivalents from a calibration curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The leaf aqueous-ethanol extract showed the highest activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity. All extracts showed weak nitric oxide scavenging activity. The stem extract had better activity in nitric oxide scavenging model than the other extracts (IC50 = 896.9 +/- 21.9 microg ml(-1)), but it was not comparable to quercetin (p < 0.001). The leaf extract exhibited better H2O2 scavenging and Fe2+ chelating activity than the other parts. The extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity in linoleic acid peroxidation test but were not comparable to vitamin C (p < 0.001). Extracts showed weak reducing power activity. The stem extract showed better antihaemolytic activity than the flower and leaf. The flower extract had higher phenolic contents. The extracts exhibited different levels of antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities in all tested models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed remarkable antioxidant and antihemolytic activities in Feruia foetida. Biological effects may be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the extract. It is very promising for further biochemical experiments.
authors: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Nabavi
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Ebrahimzadeh
authors: S F
authors: SF
authors: Nabavi
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Eslami
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Dehpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005309:Ferula / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts