title: Muramyl Dipeptide modulates differentiation, maturity of dendritic cells and anti-tumor effect of DC-mediated T cell in acute leukemia children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Targeted therapy is a potentially useful approach for antileukemic therapy, in particular eliminating minimal residual disease(MRD) to prevent tumor relapse. This study was aimed to find out an effective, nontoxic dendritic cell (DC) maturating agent for the immunotherapy of acute leukemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDP-matured DCs(M-DCs) expressed higher level of phenotypic markers and secreted higher cytokine level, while lower than TNF-α-matured DCs (T-DCs) and co-administration of MDP and TNF-α-matured DCs (MT-DCs). MT-DCs promoted significantly allogeneic T-cells reaction. As a result, allogeneic T-cell proliferated significantly and secreted higher amount of IFN-γ. HL60-derived antigens were presented more effectively by MT-DCs to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to induce more beneficial anti-tumor effects in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Purified mononuclear cells (MNCs) from bone marrow of acute leukemia children were differentiated by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) and further matured by either Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or co-administration of MDP and TNF-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate MDP can be used as a candidate clinical agent for antigen specific cancer immunotherapy.
authors: The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University; Shandong, China.
authors: Ling-Zhen
authors: LZ
authors: Wang
authors: Xiao-Ling
authors: XL
authors: Li
authors: Xiu-Ying
authors: XY
authors: Pang
authors: Li-Rong
authors: LR
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine