title: Copper filtration in pediatric digital X-ray imaging: its impact on image quality and dose.
abstract: The effect of copper (Cu) filtration on image quality and dose in different digital X-ray systems was investigated. Two computed radiography systems and one digital radiography detector were used. Three different polymethylmethacrylate blocks simulated the pediatric body. The effect of Cu filters of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm thickness on the entrance surface dose (ESD) and the corresponding effective doses (EDs) were measured at tube voltages of 60, 66, and 73 kV. Image quality was evaluated in a contrast-detail phantom with an automated analyzer software. Cu filters of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mm thickness decreased the ESD by 25-32%, 32-39%, and 40-44%, respectively, the ranges depending on the respective tube voltages. There was no consistent decline in image quality due to increasing Cu filtration. The estimated ED of anterior-posterior (AP) chest projections was reduced by up to 23%. No relevant reduction in the ED was noted in AP radiographs of the abdomen and pelvis or in posterior-anterior radiographs of the chest. Cu filtration reduces the ESD, but generally does not reduce the effective dose. Cu filters can help protect radiosensitive superficial organs, such as the mammary glands in AP chest projections.
authors: Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Brosi
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Stuessi
authors: Francis R
authors: FR
authors: Verdun
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Vock
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Wolf
mesh_terms: D001322:Autoanalysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate