title: Prehypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in adults enrolled in a primary care programme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increase in cardiovascular (CV) disease has been observed in prehypertensive subjects who frequently carry other cardiovascular risk factors. In Brazil, little is known about prehypertension and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the association between prehypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in a public primary healthcare programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations in this cross-sectional study were estimated on the basis of generalized estimating equations. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) or adjusted odds ratio (OR(a)) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 357 participants were classified as normotensive (64.4%) or prehypertensive (35.6%). In a univariate analysis, prehypertension was statistically associated with male gender, age, table salt use, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), uric acid, and all lipids except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. When analysis was performed adjusting for gender, age, and table salt use, the association of each metabolic parameter with prehypertension, remained significant for BMI (OR(a) = 1.097; 95% CI 1.035-1.162), triglycerides (OR(a) = 1.008; 95% CI 1.003-1.013), and uric acid (OR(a) = 1.269; 95% CI 1.023- .576). To check for their independence of obesity, associations of triglycerides and uric acid with prehypertension were reanalysed after adjustment for BMI. The association of triglycerides remained statistically significant. A trend of association was present for uric acid. The prevalence of prehypertension paralleled the increase of the number of risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prehypertension in Brazil is associated with well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors even in a continuously monitored population such the one under study. Prehypertension can be a valuable clue to alert health professionals to treat underlying perturbations to prevent overt cardiovascular disease.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Aline B
authors: AB
authors: Nery
authors: Evandro T
authors: ET
authors: Mesquita
authors: Jocemir R
authors: JR
authors: Lugon
authors: Hye Chung
authors: HC
authors: Kang
authors: Veronica A
authors: VA
authors: de Miranda
authors: Bernardo G T
authors: BG
authors: de Souza
authors: Juliana A M
authors: JA
authors: Andrade
authors: Maria Luiza G
authors: ML
authors: Rosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D058246:Prehypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011320:Primary Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid