title: Physical fitness of normal, stunted and overweight children 6-13 years in Oaxaca, Mexico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to compare the growth and physical fitness of normal, stunted and overweight/obese (owt/ob) Oaxaca children 6-13 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a cross-sectional, included 688 school children (grades 1-3, 4-6), aged 6-13 years, from an indigenous rural community (n=361) and colonia popular (n=327) in Oaxaca, southern Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometry-weight, height, sitting height, limb circumferences, skinfolds. Derived-body mass index, sitting height/height ratio, leg and step lengths, limb muscle areas, sum of skinfolds. Physical fitness-sit and reach, sit-ups, distance run, grip strength, standing long jump, 35 yard dash. Physical activity-steps to and from school, household chores, sports participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal-not stunted, not owt/ob; stunted-not owt/ob; and owt/ob-not stunted were compared with multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for age. Two children were stunted and owt/ob, and were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted means for body size, muscularity, adiposity and grip strength showed a gradient, owt/ob>normal>stunted in both sexes and grade levels (P<0.001). Relative position of stunted and owt/ob children was reversed for strength per unit mass. Stunted and normal children ran a greater distance than owt/ob children (P<0.05). Normal, stunted and owt/ob children did not differ consistently in other fitness items and indicators of activity and inactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Size, muscularity, fatness and strength differed significantly, owt/ob>normal>stunted, but owt/ob children had less strength per unit mass and poorer endurance. Normal and stunted children did not differ consistently in fitness. Physical activity and television time did not differ among the three groups.
authors: Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. rmalina@1skyconnect.net
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Malina
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Peña Reyes
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Tan
authors: B B
authors: BB
authors: Little
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009043:Motor Activity; D053580:Muscle Strength; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D010809:Physical Fitness; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health