title: Effects of depression and antidepressant use on goal setting and barrier identification among patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of depression and antidepressant use on goal setting and barrier identification in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  In a large diabetes education network, 778 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) Outcomes System as part of their routine diabetes education between 2005 and 2008. Self-reported depression, 7 self-identified behavior change goals, and 13 barriers to diabetes self-care were collected from the Diabetes Self-Management Assessment Report Tool (D-SMART(®)); antidepressant use was documented from the Diabetes Educator Tool (D-ET(®)). Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the effects of depression or antidepressant use on the number of goals or the number of barriers while controlling for relevant covariates.
  
  
  
  Among 778 patients (507 nondepressed, 181 depressed with antidepressant use, 90 depressed without antidepressant use), median age was 58, 60.9% were female, and 85.9% were Caucasian. Patients with and without depression had a similar number of self-identified behavior change goals, whereas patients with depression had 1 additional barrier to diabetes self-care compared with those without depression. In the depressed subgroup, antidepressant use had no association with the number of goals that the subjects set or the number of barriers they identified.
  
  
  
  Among patients with type 2 diabetes, depression was associated with a slightly greater number of barriers, which may support the importance of depression screening and depression treatment in patients with diabetes.
authors: The Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms Chen, Dr Ruppert, Mr Noullet, Dr Zgibor)
authors: Hsiang-Yu
authors: HY
authors: Chen
authors: The Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms Chen, Dr Ruppert, Mr Noullet, Dr Zgibor)
authors: Kristine
authors: K
authors: Ruppert
authors: The School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Charron-Prochownik)
authors: Denise
authors: D
authors: Charron-Prochownik
authors: The Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms Chen, Dr Ruppert, Mr Noullet, Dr Zgibor)
authors: William V
authors: WV
authors: Noullet
authors: The Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Ms Chen, Dr Ruppert, Mr Noullet, Dr Zgibor)
authors: Janice C
authors: JC
authors: Zgibor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents