title: Factors associated with adverse outcomes during parenteral nutrition administration in dogs and cats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenteral nutrition (PN) is increasingly used to support hospitalized dogs and cats. Published assessments of outcome are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate type and prevalence of complications and risk factors for death and complications in dogs and cats receiving PN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and nineteen dogs and 112 cats that received PN at a teaching hospital between 2000 and 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review. Diagnosis, duration of PN administration, concurrent enteral feeding, death, and mechanical, septic, and metabolic complications were abstracted from medical records. Association of each parameter with complications and death was analyzed by binary logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pancreatitis was the most common diagnosis (109/319 dogs, 34/112 cats), and 137/319 dogs and 51/112 cats died. Dogs and cats received 113 ± 40% and 103 ± 32% of resting energy requirement, respectively. Mechanical (81/319 dogs, 16/112 cats) and septic (20/319 dogs, 6/112 cats) complications were not associated with death (P > .05). Hyperglycemia was the most common metabolic complication (96/158 dogs, 31/37 cats). Hypercreatininemia in dogs (8/79) was the only complication associated with death (P < .01). Chronic kidney disease in dogs, hepatic lipidosis in cats, and longer duration of inadequate caloric intake before PN in both species were negatively associated with survival (P < .05). Factors positively associated with survival included longer duration of PN administration in both species, enteral feeding in cats with any disease, and enteral feeding in dogs with respiratory disease (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PN can be effectively used to provide the energy requirements of most critically ill dogs and cats. Most complications accompanying PN administration do not affect survival.
authors: William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Queau
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Larsen
authors: P H
authors: PH
authors: Kass
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Glucksman
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Fascetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary; D002415:Cats; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome