title: High-altitude retinopathy after climbing Mount Aconcagua in a group of experienced climbers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visual disturbances after high-altitude exposure were first reported in 1969. Manifestations may include retinal hemorrhage, papilledema, and vitreous hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed a group of 6 experienced climbers who ascended Mt Aconcagua to an altitude of 6,962 m in February 2007. Visual acuity study, intraocular pressure study, visual field study, nerve fiber layer analysis, eye Doppler, laboratory studies, fundus photography, and intravenous fluorescein angiography were performed on the climbers before and after their exposures to high altitude.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all six study subjects, retinal vascular engorgement and tortuosity were present in varying degrees in both eyes. One of the climbers had both retinal hemorrhage and pulmonary edema. Of the two subjects who had visual field defects, one had severe nerve fiber layer defects of both eyes. Furthermore, laboratory studies of this climber showed a high level of antiphospholipid antibody. Significant reduction of the left ocular blood flow was also noted on this subject's eye Doppler examination after the Mt Aconcagua expedition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various high-altitude retinopathies were observed in the experienced climbers of this study. As high-altitude pursuits become more popular, attention should be paid to the increasing prevalence of high-altitude retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tsung-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Wei-Fong
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Shui-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Po-Kang
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jin-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jorn-Hon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000209:etiology*; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D001118:Argentina; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009051:Mountaineering; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid