title: Serum and dietary vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk in elderly men: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent research suggests that low vitamin D may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively evaluated the association of dietary plus supplemental vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH) vitamin D with CVD incidence in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Vitamin D intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire and self-reported supplemental intake in 3094 men (mean age 76.4 years). From a subset of this population, we measured 25(OH) vitamin D in 813 men. Median 25(OH) vitamin D was 25.3 ng/mL. During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, there were 472 CVD cases, including 371 from coronary heart disease (CHD) and 101 from cerebrovascular attack (CVA). In the 25(OH) vitamin D sub-cohort, there were 140 cases of CVD including 115 from CHD and 25 from CVA. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for CVD by vitamin D quartile. After adjusting for age, season, and standard CVD risk factors, the lowest quartile of 25(OH) vitamin D (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.69-2.03) and vitamin D intake (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56-1.04) were not significantly associated with CVD incidence, compared to the highest vitamin D quartiles. When 25(OH) vitamin D was further analyzed by sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL), insufficiency (≥15-29.9 ng/mL), and deficiency (<15 ng/mL), vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with CVD incidence compared to sufficiency (HR 1.34; 95% CI 0.65-2.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH) vitamin D were not associated with CVD risk.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Occupational & Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR L606, USA. messenge@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Messenger
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nielson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shannon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D