title: Interleukin-32 expression induced by hepatitis B virus protein X is mediated through activation of NF-κB.
abstract: HBV replicates noncytopathically in hepatocytes, but HBV or proteins encoded by HBV genome could induce cytokines, chemokines expression by hepatocytes. Moreover, liver damage in patients with HBV infection is immune-mediated and cytokines play important roles in immune-mediated liver damage after HBV infection. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays a critical role in inflammation. However, the role of HBV in IL-32 expression remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that hepatitis B virus protein X (HBx) increases IL-32 expression through the promoter of IL-32 at positions from -746 to +25 and in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increase of NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 in Huh7 cells also augments IL-32 expression, and the NF-κB inhibitor blocks the effect of HBx on IL-32 induction. These results indicate that NF-κB activation is required for HBx-induced IL-32 expression. In conclusion, IL-32 is induced by HBx in Huh7 cells. Our results suggest that IL-32 might play an important role in inflammatory response after HBV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xingfei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jianxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Xiaolv
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Qihuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Huifen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guanxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein