title: Extraction of fractured cheek teeth under oral endoscopic guidance in standing horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a technique for oral extraction of fractured cheek teeth (CT) under oral endoscopic guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses (n = 30) with fractured CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records (April 2007-August 2010) of horses that had standing oral extraction of fractured CT under endoscopic guidance were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty horses (median age, 11.5 years; range, 5-23 years) had 31 fractured CT (21 maxillary, 10 mandibular) removed. Midline sagittal fractures of maxillary teeth (n = 13; 42%) were the most common type, followed by buccal or palatal (10; 32%), and transverse or multiple (5; 16%) fractures. Extraction under endoscopic guidance was successful for 27 (87%) teeth. Median age of the surgical failure group was 7 years (range, 5-8 years), significantly lower than that of the surgical success group (P = .0135, Mann-Whitney U-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic viewing facilitates instrument use and removal of fractured CT in standing horses.
authors.affiliation: Rossdales Equine Hospital, Exning, UK. pete.ramzan@rossdales.com
authors.forename: Peter H L
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ramzan
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dallas
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*