title: Usefulness of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography using time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics applied to description of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography using time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS-MRA) to demonstrate extracranial arteriovenous malformations (E-AVMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  TRICKS-MRA was performed in 33 patients (adults; n = 30, children; n = 3) with E-AVMs. Four different scan protocols were arranged based on the size of E-AVM, and serial images were acquired from the start of contrast injection with a time frame ranging from 1.2 to 7.1s. Demonstration of feeding arteries and drainage veins, and the extent of nidus was qualitatively graded using a three-point scale. In sixteen patients who underwent DSA 3 days to 15 months after TRICKS-MRA, the comparability of TRICKS-MRA to DSA was evaluated using a three-point scale. In each category, score of 3 or excellent was defined as the positive result.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demonstration of the feeding arteries, the drainage veins, and the extent of nidus were graded as excellent in 68%, 65%, and 58% of the patients, respectively. Comparability of TRICKS-MRA to DSA was excellent in 75%, 88%, and 88% of the sixteen patients who underwent DSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRICKS-MRA is a feasible and useful vascular imaging technique to provide time-resolved analysis of angioarchitecture of E-AVMs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. h-higashihara@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashihara
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osuga
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueguchi
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA