title: Improving stroke risk stratification using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by continuous arrhythmia burden monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke risk stratification schema do not consider AF parameters. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of combining risk factors with continuous AF burden monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study 568 patients implanted with a DDDR-P pacemaker (AT-500; Medtronic) and a history of AF were continuously monitored for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 14 patients (2.5%) had a thromboembolic event. Patients were divided into 3 groups: AF burden ≤5 minutes per day (AF-free; n=223 [39%]), AF burden >5 minutes but <24 hours per day (AF-5 minutes; n=179 [32%]), and AF burden ≥24 hours (AF-24 hours; n=166 [29%]). Patients were also classified according to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc risk scores. The discrimination ability of each risk score was evaluated performing a logistic regression analysis and calculating the corresponding C-statistic. The addition of AF burden improved C-statistics: for CHADS2 from 0.653 (P=0.051) to 0.713 (P=0.007); for CHA2DS2-VASc, from 0.898 (P<0.0001) to 0.910 (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CHA2DS2-VASc score had a high sensitivity to predict thromboembolism. Implementation of device data on AF presence/duration/burden has the potential to contribute to improved clinical risk stratification and should be tested prospectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy. giuseppe.boriani@unibo.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boriani
authors.forename: Giovanni Luca
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Botto
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padeletti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capucci
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulizia
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biffi
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Santo
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corbucci
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*