title: Delays in presentation with acute coronary syndrome in people with coronary artery disease in Australia and New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report time from the onset of symptoms to hospital presentation in Australian and New Zealand patients with subsequently confirmed acute coronary syndrome, and to identify factors associated with prehospital delay time in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with coronary artery disease enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing an intervention to reduce delay in responding to acute coronary syndrome symptoms had been followed for 24 months. In cases of admission to the ED for possible acute coronary syndrome, medical records were reviewed to determine the diagnosis, prehospital delay time, mode of transport to the hospital and aspirin use before admission. Clinical and demographic data were taken from the trial database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n= 140) had an average (SD) age of 67.3 (11.5) years; 36% were female. Two-thirds of patients went to hospital by ambulance and 89.3% had a final diagnosis of unstable angina. The median time from onset of symptoms to arrival at the ED was 2 h and 25 min (interquartile range 1:25-4:59); 12.1% arrived ≤ 1 h and 66% within 4 h. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that use of ambulance (Beta = 0.247, P= 0.012) and younger age (Beta = 0.198, P= 0.043) were independent predictors of shorter delay times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time from the onset of symptoms to hospital presentation was too long for maximal benefit from treatment in most patients. Further efforts are needed to reduce treatment-seeking delay in response to symptoms of acute coronary syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Northern Sydney Central Coast Health, Critical Care Nursing Professorial Unit, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. sharon.mckinley@uts.edu.au
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dracup
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors