title: Genomic characterization of ten novel cutaneous human papillomaviruses from keratotic lesions of immunosuppressed patients.
abstract: Viral warts from immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients (OTR) persist over years and may progress into non-melanoma skin cancer. The types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in such lesions are different from that seen in the general population. A subset of these lesions is not infected with the classical wart-associated HPV types. In order to gain a better understanding of the HPV types in those lesions, we isolated ten novel HPVs from persisting keratotic lesions of immunosuppressed OTRs by rolling circle amplification and subsequent long-template PCR. Additionally, we sequenced and characterized the whole genome of the ten novel HPV types. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that nine HPV types belonged to the genus Gammapapillomavirus (γ-PV) and one to the genus Betapapillomavirus. In a phylogenetic analysis using L1 fragments of human and non-human PV types, primate papillomaviruses and our novel HPV types nested within the genus γ-PV in a highly polyphyletic pattern. This study significantly broadens the knowledge concerning the diversity and evolution of the poorly known γ-PV types.
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Systematic Botany and Mycology, Geo Bio-Center Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottschling
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kizzie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Mandy D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krüger-Corcoran
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Eggert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stockfleth
authors.affiliation: Charité, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nindl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*