title: Critical incident stress management (CISM) in support of special agents and other first responders responding to the Fort Hood shooting: summary and recommendations.
abstract: On November 5, 2009, an individual entered the Fort Hood Soldier Readiness Processing (SRP) site and opened fire with a handgun. The result of the shooting was a total of 13 people killed and 31 wounded. A two-person critical incident peer support (CIPS) team from the United States Army Military Police School (USAMPS) provided critical incident stress management (CISM) in the forms of critical incident stress debriefings (CISD) and one-on-one crisis intervention for investigators and their spouses. This article provides a summary and discussion of the results of the interventions that were conducted. Key results for successful CISM were accessibility of CIPS team, the credibility of trained peers and the development of supportive relationships, the reduction of stigma by requiring attendance at interventions, and the commitment of the CIPS team to the principles of CISM (e.g., homogenous groups, utilizing a multicomponent approach, and facilitating the normalization of emotional reactions to the crisis). Recommendations include mandating critical incident peer support cells for Criminal Investigation Division (CID) units, Director of Emergency Services (DES) on military installations, and Military Police units; providing a pool of trained peers in the above-mentioned organizations; providing permanent funding for USAMPS' CIPS Course; and recognition of CIPS/CISMas an essential element of Comprehensive Soldier Fitness and Army Human Capital in promoting Soldier Family, and Civilian well-being and resiliency. This article would benefit leaders, chaplains, mental health professionals, and emergency services personnel in investigative, operational, and U.S. Army Garrison units.
authors.affiliation: Family Advocacy Law Enforcement Training (FALET) Division, United States Army Military Police School, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Felices
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D058749:Military Facilities; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D010379:Peer Group; D011050:Policy Making; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D013781:Texas; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*