title: Mitotic activity and bone marrow micrometastases have independent prognostic value in node positive breast cancer patients.
abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the prognostic value of the mitotic activity index (MAI) and the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM), in clinically operable breast cancer patients. We compared routinely assessed MAI, classic prognosticators and BM DTCs, detected by a real-time RT-PCR multimarker assay including cytokeratin 19, mammaglobin A and TWIST1 mRNA, in 179 consecutive patients with operable breast cancer. Over a median follow-up of 96 months (range: 1-126 months), 31 (17.3%) patients experienced a systemic relapse and 26 (14.5%) died of breast cancer-related causes. MAI (≥ 10) was strongly associated with breast cancer-related death in lymph node (LN)-negative patients (hazard ratio (HR): 7.0, confidence interval (CI) 1.74-27.9), whereas both BM DTC-status (HR: 3.3, CI 1.25-8.52) and MAI (HR: 3.1, CI 1.08-8.8) were significant in LN-positive patients. With multivariate Cox regression, MAI was the only significant predictor of breast cancer-specific survival (HR 7.0, CI 1.7-27.9) in LN-negative patients. In LN-positive patients, both BM DTC-status and MAI were strong independent predictors of breast cancer-specific survival (HR 3.3, CI 1.25-8.49 and HR 3.1, CI 1.1-8.9), respectively. Where, however, MAI and BM DTC-status as single parameters were replaced by a combination of these, this showed to be the most significant prognostic marker in both LN-negative (HR 7.7, CI 1.2-50) and LN-positive (HR 6.0, CI 1.4 to 26.4) patients with regard to breast cancer-specific survival. A combination of MAI and BM DTC detection identified both LN-negative and LN-positive breast cancer patients with poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørnar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilje
authors.forename: Oddmund
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nordgård
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tjensvoll
authors.forename: Emiel A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Håvard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Søiland
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smaaland
authors.forename: Jan P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Baak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002945:Cisplatin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015251:Epirubicin; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008727:Methotrexate; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D061206:Neoplasm Micrometastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013629:Tamoxifen; D015251:Epirubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate