title: Polymorphisms in programmed death-1 gene are not associated with chronic HBV infection in Chinese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the programmed death-1(PD-1) polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), PD-1.1 G > A and PD-1.2 G > A, were genotyped in 539 patients with chronic HBV infection and 353 other family members (HbsAg-) from 256 nuclear families using polymerase chain reactiorestriction fragment length polymorphisms assay. The associations between PD-1 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility of chronic HBV infection were analyzed usng the family-based association analysis method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association or linkage was detected among 539 patients. Univariate (single-marker) family-based association tests demonstrated that PD-1 genotypes, alleles and transmitted haplotypes are not associated with chronic HBV infection (all with P value more than 0.05). Transmission/disequilibrium test and sibship disequilibrium test analysis showed no excess of the alleles from heterozygous parents to affected offspring (P = 0.688880, P = 1.000000 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrated that PD-1.1 and PD-1.2 polymorphisms are not associated with chronic HBV infection in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Feng Lv, Yu-Feng Gao, Zhen-Huan Zhang, Ming-Fang Cui, Shu-Ling Xia, Xu Li, Hua-Fa Yin, Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhen-Huan
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tian-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fa-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Ming-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hua-Fa
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yin