title: CDY1 and BOULE transcripts assessed in the same biopsy as predictive markers for successful testicular sperm retrieval.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the molecular markers CDY1 and BOULE in the same testicular biopsy for predicting success of sperm retrieval in azoospermic men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Azoospermic men (n = 92) who underwent testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and who were classified as normal spermatogenesis, mixed atrophy, spermatocyte maturation arrest, or Sertoli cell only according to their combined histological and cytological testicular findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of testicular biopsies by histological and qualitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expression methodologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  CDY1 and BOULE expression and the presence of sperm cells in testicular tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both transcripts significantly predicted the presence of sperm cells by qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Although CDY1 had the best sensitivity by qualitative RT-PCR (98.3%), assessing both transcripts simultaneously had an additive efficacy compared with assessing CDY1 alone, improving the specificity from 84.4% to 96.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing the expression of both CDY1 and BOULE by qualitative RT-PCR is a sensitive and feasible test for predicting the presence of sperm cells in testicular tissue and may serve as a predictive tool if repeated TESE is required.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Study of Fertility, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ser@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Sandra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kleiman
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lehavi
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botchan
authors.forename: Gedalia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yavetz
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yogev
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C481351:BOLL protein, human; C118459:CDY1 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins