title: French validation of the NOSE and RhinoQOL questionnaires in the management of nasal obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Until now, there has been no validated and specific questionnaire in French allowing the assessment of nasal obstruction and its consequences on quality of life. The aim of this study was to validate the French translation and sociocultural adaptation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life Survey (RhinoQOL) self-questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective instrument validation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  French tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaires were translated into French and then translated back into English. The final version was administered twice to an asymptomatic control population (n = 50) and once to a population with symptomatic septal deviation (n = 50). The psychometric properties (reliability, reproducibility, validity, responsiveness) were assessed by test-retest procedure, internal consistency, correlation intra- and interscores, and response sensitivity between both populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference in both responses obtained from the control population after the test-retest procedure. Internal consistency was 0.86 for the NOSE and 0.57, 0.67, and 0.83 for the scores of the RhinoQOL (frequency, bothersomeness, and impact, respectively). There was always a strong correlation between all NOSE variables and RhinoQOL scores (r > 0.40; P < 10(-3)). Effect size showed a high sensitivity to change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The French versions of both questionnaires appear to be as reliable, valid, and sensitive to change as the English versions. Their association was strong, allowing assessment of nasal obstruction in all its dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marro
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mondina
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Gabory
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*