title: Efficiency of pretreatments for optimal enzymatic saccharification of soybean fiber.
abstract: The effectiveness of several pretreatments [high-power ultrasound, sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH(3)OH)] to enhance glucose production from insoluble fractions recovered from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing of extruded full-fat soybean flakes (FFSF) was investigated. Sonication of the insoluble fraction at 144 μm(pp (peak-to-peak)) for 30 and 60s did not improve the saccharification yield. The solid fractions recovered after pretreatment with H(2)SO(4) [1% (w/w), 90°C, 1.5h], NaOH [15% (w/w), 65°C, 17 h], and NH(3)OH [15% (w/w), 65°C, 17 h] showed significant lignin degradation, i.e., 81.9%, 71.2%, and 75.4%, respectively, when compared to the control (7.4%). NH(3)OH pretreatment resulted in the highest saccharification yield (63%) after 48 h of enzymatic saccharification. A treatment combining the extraction and saccharification steps and applied directly to the extruded FFSF, where oil extraction yield and saccharification yield reached 98% and 43%, respectively, was identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1061, USA.
authors.forename: Bishnu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.forename: Devin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D064753:Ammonium Hydroxide; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D013010:Sonication; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004798:Enzymes; D006878:Hydroxides; D010938:Plant Oils; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D064753:Ammonium Hydroxide; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D005947:Glucose; C033158:sulfuric acid