title: Repeated remote ischemic postconditioning protects against adverse left ventricular remodeling and improves survival in a rat model of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote ischemic conditioning induced by repeated episodes of transient limb ischemia is a clinically applicable method for protecting the heart against injury at the time of reperfusion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of chronic, repeated, remote conditioning on infarct size and long-term remodeling after myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats with ischemia/reperfusion injury received different protocols of remote limb conditioning. While a single early episode of remote ischemic conditioning during coronary occlusion (perconditioning) resulted in a decrease in infarct size on both day 4 and day 28, when it was repeated (postconditioning) intermittently (every 3 days) and intensively (every day), it was not associated with a further decrease in infarct size. However, the protection against adverse remodeling offered by a single episode of limb perconditioning was further enhanced by repeated remote postconditioning therapy in a dose-dependent manner. In separate experiments there was a dose-dependent improvement in survival at 84 days by Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas a single early episode of remote perconditioning reduces infarct size, repeated remote postconditioning further reduces adverse LV remodeling and improves survival in a dose-dependent fashion. These data may have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with evolving myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yapeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mingya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Redington
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*