title: Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter persists in raw retail chicken after the fluoroquinolone ban.
abstract: In 2005, the FDA withdrew approval for the use of fluoroquinolones in live poultry production. To assess any changes in countable numbers of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter before and after the fluoroquinolone withdrawal, retail whole raw chicken carcasses (RTCC) purchased in Northwest Arkansas from 2004 to 2006 were sampled for this purpose. Using a previously published direct-plating method developed in our laboratory, we quantified trends of Campylobacter and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter loads by direct plating whole chicken carcass rinses on Campylobacter agar (CA) or Campylobacter agar containing 8.6 mg/ml ciprofloxacin (CCA). Countable populations of Campylobacter were recovered from 74, 96, and 63% of carcasses sampled in 2004, 2005, and 2006 respectively. The percentages of carcasses with minimum detectable levels of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter were 20, 42 and 33%, sampled in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Our 3 year analysis in one geographical area indicated a persistence of Campylobacter and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter on retail raw chicken carcasses despite the cessation of fluoroquinolone use in poultry production.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety, Institute of Food Science & Engineering, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
authors.forename: Ramakrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nannapaneni
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hanning
authors.forename: Keith C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Story
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002645:Chickens; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003132:Commerce; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin