title: The use of oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion to evaluate the toxicity of cadmium on Farfantepenaeus paulensis with respect to salinity.
abstract: The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in F. paulensis and to investigate its effect on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion different salinities. First, we examined the acute toxicity of Cd in F. paulensis at 24, 48, 72, and 96-h lethal concentration (LC50). Cd was significantly more toxic at 5 salinity than at 20 and 36. The oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion were estimated through experiments performed on each of the twelve possible combinations of three salinities (36, 20 and 5), at temperature 20°C. Cd showed a reduction in oxygen consumption at 5 salinity, the results show that the oxygen consumption decreases with respect to the Cd concentration. At the highest Cd concentration employed (2 mg L(-1)), the salinity 5 and the temperature at 20°C, oxygen consumption decreases 53.7% in relation to the control. In addition, after separate exposure to Cd, elevation in ammonium excretion was obtained, wish were 72%, 65% and 95% higher than the control, respectively. The results show that Cd is more toxic to F. paulensis at lower salinities.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesca - APTA - SAA/SP, Caixa Postal 61, Cananéia 11990-000, São Paulo, Brazil. edisonbarbieri@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Eduardo Tavares
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Paes
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D054712:Salinity; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D000641:Ammonia