title: Impact of essential surgical skills with an emphasis on emergency maternal, neonatal and child health training on the practice of doctors: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Majority of studies on evaluation of emergency management courses have focused on outcomes such as knowledge and skills demonstrated in non-clinical or traditional testing manner. Such surrogate outcomes may not necessarily reflect vital changes in practice. The aim of this study was to determine if and to what extent, specific training in the management of life threatening emergencies resulted in an increased in compliance with established care guidelines of doctors working in the emergency departments of public sector hospitals in Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in three districts hospitals in three cities (Khairpur, Vehari and Peshawar) of Pakistan. Thirty-six doctors, 18 in intervention (trained in ESS-EMNCH training) and 18 in control (untrained), were enrolled and 248 life threatening emergency events, 124 in each group, were observed for the correct use of the Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC) structured approach. The outcome measure was structured approach defined a priori. Data was analysed by using STATA software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At individual level, 79 (63.7%) life threatening episodes were managed according to the structured approach in the intervention group and 46 (37.1%) were managed according to the structured approach in controls (OR 2.98, 95%CI 1.78-4.99, p-value=0.0001). At cluster level, the mean percentage (95% CI) of the structured approach used by doctors in the intervention group [62.9% (50.4-75.3%)], was significantly higher than those in the control group, [36.3% (26.3-46.4)] (p-value=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-day training of ESS-EMNCH significantly increased the compliance with established care guidelines of doctors during their management of life threatening emergency episodes in the public sector hospitals in Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Population Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. drbin01@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yasir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bin Nisar
authors.forename: Assad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafeez
authors.forename: Shamsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Southall
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D010154:Pakistan; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy