title: An adaptive P300-based control system.
abstract: An adaptive P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) using a 12 × 7 matrix explored new paradigms to improve bit rate and accuracy. During online use, the system adaptively selects the number of flashes to average. Five different flash patterns were tested. The 19-flash paradigm represents the typical row/column presentation (i.e. 12 columns and 7 rows). The 9- and 14-flash A and B paradigms present all items of the 12 × 7 matrix three times using either 9 or 14 flashes (instead of 19), decreasing the amount of time to present stimuli. Compared to 9-flash A, 9-flash B decreased the likelihood that neighboring items would flash when the target was not flashing, thereby reducing the interference from items adjacent to targets. 14-flash A also reduced the adjacent item interference and 14-flash B additionally eliminated successive (double) flashes of the same item. Results showed that the accuracy and bit rate of the adaptive system were higher than those of the non-adaptive system. In addition, 9- and 14-flash B produced significantly higher performance than their respective A conditions. The results also show the trend that the 14-flash B paradigm was better than the 19-flash pattern for naive users.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China. jinjingat@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Brendan Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Petar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horki
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neuper
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D018913:Event-Related Potentials, P300 / Q000502:physiology*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult