title: Pigmentary complication of the peristomal skin in colorectal cancer patients under systemic chemotherapy using S-1: report of cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes hyperpigmentation at the epidermis around a colostomy during and after systemic chemotherapy with S-1 (a compound of tegaful, gimestat, and potassium oxonate).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one colorectal cancer patients (male 17, female 14) visited the stoma-care clinic, akita university hospital between april 2003 and march 2006. fourteen patients (male 8, female 6) had been observed continuously for more than 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of 5 male patients who received systemic chemotherapy using S-1 were compared to those of 9 male and female patients who did not receive S-1. the shades of epidermal pigmentation at the peristomal area were graded on a 3-point likert scale, where grade 2 indicated very dark pigmentation, grade 1 indicated moderately dark pigmentation, and grade 0 indicated no pigmentation of the peristomal skin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pigmentation scores in patients receiving S-1 were significantly higher than scores in patients who did not receive S-1 systemic chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid and excessive pigmentation of the peristomal skin may occur in patients receiving S-1 systemic chemotherapy because it indicates an adverse event related with systemic chemotherapy and leads to peristomal skin problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Akita University Hospital, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asanuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D003125:Colostomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid