title: Treatment of diaphyseal humeral fractures with the minimally invasive percutaneous plate (MIPPO) technique: a cadaveric study and clinical results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical, functional and radiologic results of the minimally invasive percutaneous plate technique in the humerus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated hospital center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six skeletally mature patients with humeral diaphyseal fractures requiring surgical stabilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment with locking compression plates using the minimally invasive percutaneous plate technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric study: distance between the plate and the neurovascular structures. Clinical outcome measurements included fracture healing, radial nerve palsy, infection, and elbow and shoulder discomfort. Radiographic measurements were time to healing, alignment, and nonunion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minimum follow-up in all cases was 12 months, and all fractures except three healed. The main complications found were nonunion (three) and transitory radial nerve palsy (three). The patients recovered almost complete elbow and shoulder range of motion with 98% presenting good results; no patient had implant failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained with this technique are encouraging. The technique was associated with no shoulder pain and an almost complete restitution of strength and articular range of motion. Within 6 months, 96% of the patients returned to their normal activities.
authors.affiliation: The Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Arévalo
authors.forename: Alfonso Queipo
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: de Llano-Temboury
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano-Montilla
authors.forename: Enrique Queipo
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: de Llano-Giménez
authors.forename: Jose María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Medina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D002102:Cadaver; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult