title: TH1 and TH2 response to Campylobacter jejuni antigen in Guillain-Barre syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lymphocytes from the progressive and recovery phases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after stimulation with Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five patients with GBS, 60 age- and sex-matched disease control individuals, and 68 healthy control individuals were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocytes from patients with GBS were stimulated with C jejuni outer membrane proteins, and the levels of different proinflammatory (T(H)1 [helper T cell, subtype 1]) and anti-inflammatory (T(H)2) cytokines were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the progressive phase of the disease, the expressions of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-6, IL-10, and the IFN-γ:IL-4 ratio were significantly upregulated, but expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and IL-4 were lower in patients compared with disease and healthy controls. In contrast, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, IL-10, and the IFN-γ:IL-4 ratio were significantly lower, but TGF-β1 and IL-4 were upregulated in the recovery phase of GBS patients compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of T(H)1 cytokines in the early disease course may be associated with immune-mediated disease progression due to neuronal inflammation, but upregulation of T(H)2 immune response during the later phase aids recovery from the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Kishan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nyati
authors.forename: Kashi N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Arshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.forename: Avantika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Vimal K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Paliwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators