title: Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on serum pentosidine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with age- and diabetes-related disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of metformin or pioglitazone on serum pentosidine levels, a well-defined AGE, in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  66 Japanese patients were enrolled in this 6 months open-label study. In the metformin (n=22), the pioglitazone (n=22), and the control (optimal diet therapy, sulfonylurea and/or insulin) groups (n=22), serum levels of HbA (1c) and pentosidine were measured at baseline and 6 months after each treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA (1c) and pentosidine levels were not different at baseline among 3 groups, and HbA(1c) was significantly decreased at 6 months in each group. In the metformin and the pioglitazone groups, serum pentosidine levels were significantly decreased at 6 months after treatments (p=0.039 and p=0.031, respectively). Percent changes in pentosidine levels in the metformin and the pioglitazone groups were significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.012 and p=0.019, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  6 months treatments with metformin or pioglitazone in clinical doses decreased serum pentosidine levels which resulted in greater %change of serum pentosidine levels than the control group, suggesting that these agents may prevent the diabetic complications associated with AGEs accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan. ippei.k@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008239:Lysine; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C062187:pentosidine