title: Effect of an interdisciplinary outpatient pain management program (IOPP) for chronic pain patients with and without migration background: a prospective, observational clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Short- and long-term effects of an interdisciplinary outpatient pain program (IOPP) in terms of quality of life, coping strategies, experiencing of pain and pain intensity as well as the influence of age, gender, or migration background.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single, prospective cohort with assessments at baseline, posttreatment, and at 3, 6, 12 months follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 175 patients with chronic, nonmalignant pain syndromes (32.1% male and 67.9% female; age 43 ± 9.6 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-professional, biopsychosocial-oriented pain program for the duration of 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain intensity, Pain Disability Index (German Version of Pain Disability Index, PDI-G), cognitive and behavioral coping strategies (Verarbeitung chronischer Schmerzen FESV), Marburger questionnaire about habitual subjective well-being, and processing of chronic pain (Veränderungsfragebogen des Erlebens und Verhaltens, VEV). The migration background was considered to determine whether this variable influences the clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the mentioned variables except pain intensity improved significantly after the program (P < 0.05); whereas, after the 1-year follow-up, most of the parameters returned to the baseline values. Solely the subscale "pain-related psychological strain" remained significantly better compared with baseline (P < 0.05). The variable "migration background" influenced the outcomes PDI-G, habitual well-being, and FESV (P < 0.001; variance of 16.7% [95% confidence interval 7.8-25.5]). After 12 months, 49.4% showed an improvement with regard to the VEV outcome measurement, 22.6% showed no changes, and 28% showed worsening of the symptoms. Gender and age did not influence the results at 12 months (P = 0.408; P = 0.964).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the short-term effect of the IOPP in chronic pain patients as well as the long-term effect for the variable "pain-related psychological strain".
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland. luca.scascighini@supsi.ch
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scascighini
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litschi
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walti
authors.forename: Haiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sprott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics