title: Glycemic status, lipid profile and proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus characterized by persistent albuminuria, elevated arterial blood pressure, a relentless decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, urinary micro-albumin estimation was done in 177 diabetic patients. This study aims to ascertain association of glycemic status, lipid profile and proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with nephropathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 177 patients, 26 had frank proteinuria, 79 had micro-albuminuria and 72 were without proteinuria. Increased frequency of proteinuria was seen in male than female. Micro-albuminuria and frank proteinuria was seen more in older age group. The multiple comparisons showed the significantly increased levels of urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose in micro-albuminuria and overt proteinuria patients in comparison to without proteinuria. Glycated hemoglobin level was increased with the increasing age group particularly in overt proteinuric patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glycemic control, monitoring of lipid profile and early urinary protein estimation with better management may delay diabetic nephropathy or its further complications in diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. punamjha@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: B K L
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majhi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D014508:Urea