title: The genomic relationship between primary breast carcinomas and their nodal metastases.
abstract: We screened the whole tumor genome to identify DNA copy number gains and losses that discriminate between primary breast carcinomas (MP) and their nodal metastases (ML). Six candidate genes were confirmed by quantitative PCR to have differentially distributed copy number changes. Three of the genes (ERRγ, DDX6, and TIAM1) were more commonly amplified in nodal metastases. Principal component analysis revealed that MP-ML pairs varied markedly in their genomic divergence. The latter was larger in PR-negative tumors. Nodal metastases may form early or late in the development of breast carcinomas and PR-negative tumors may metastasize earlier or are genomically less stable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Desouki
authors.forename: Shaoxi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Norma J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Gaile
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geradts
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis