title: Comparison of pre-emptive ibuprofen, paracetamol, and placebo administration in reducing post-operative pain in primary tooth extraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates preliminary investigations that a pre-emptive analgesia administration may reduce post-extraction pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial was planned to compare the efficacy of the pre-emptive administration of ibuprofen, paracetamol, and placebo in reducing post-extraction pain in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five children, ages 6-12, who needed primary mandibular molar tooth extraction were treated in paediatric dental clinics, with treatment preceded by local anaesthesia and analgesic drugs during the preoperative period. A five-face scale was used to evaluate pain reaction during the injection, extraction, and post-operative period. Self-report scores were recorded when the local anaesthesia had been administered in soft tissues and both before and after the extraction was completed. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (with Bonferroni correction paired t-test as the post hoc test) were used at a confidence level of 95%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of pre-emptive analgesics showed lower scores compared to the placebo, irrespective of the age, weight, gender of the child, and the number of teeth extracted during the study period. Additionally, ibuprofen exhibited lower pain scores (P < 0.05) compared to paracetamol at the 15-min (P < 0.001) and 4-h (P < 0.009) periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative use of ibuprofen and paracetamol may provide a pre-emptive analgesic effect in paediatric patients who receive adequate analgesia during mandibular primary tooth extraction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. dtozgul@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ozgul
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baygin
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuzuner
authors.forename: Berrin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kusgoz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanriver
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010919:Placebos; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007052:Ibuprofen