title: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry into human primary macrophages.
abstract: Epidemiological and clinical data indicate that genital ulcer disease (GUD) pathogens are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition and/or transmission. Among them, genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seems to play a relevant role. Indeed, the ability of HSV-2 to induce massive infiltration at the genital level of cells which are potential targets for HIV-1 infection may represent one of the mechanisms involved in this process. Here we show that infection of human primary macrophages (MDMs) by HSV-2 results in an increase of CCR5 expression levels on cell surface and allows higher efficiency of MDMs to support entry of R5 HIV-1 strains. This finding could strengthen, at the molecular level, the evidence linking HSV-2 infection to an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova,Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calistri
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salata
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Vecchio
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palù
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parolin
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5