title: Estimation of cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant effects of the leaf extracts of Anatolian Ficus carica var. domestica and their total phenol and flavonoid contents.
abstract: Ficus carica var. domestica Tsch. & Rav. (common fig) is widely grown in Turkey and exported for its edible fruits. In this study, the n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, n-butanol, and water extracts of the leaves of F. carica var. domestica were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Cholinesterase inhibition against acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was measured by the spectrophotometric method of Ellman at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 microg/mL., while antioxidant activity was tested using three in vitro methods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Our results revealed that the n-hexane and acetone extracts exerted a notable inhibition against both AChE (62.9 +/- 0.9% and 50.8 +/- 2.1%, respectively) and BChE (76.9 +/- 2.2% and 45.6 +/- 1.3%, respectively). However, they had low activity in the antioxidant tests. The chloroform extract was found to be the richest in total flavonoid content (252.5 +/- 1.1 mg/g quercetin equivalent), while the n-butanol extract had the highest total phenol amount (85.9 +/- 3.2 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. iorhan@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ilkay Erdogan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ustün
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sener
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004593:Electrophorus; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005297:Ferrozine / Q000737:chemistry; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D005297:Ferrozine; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase