title: Molluscicidal metabolites from an assemblage of Palmyra Atoll cyanobacteria.
abstract: Molluscicides can play an important role in the control of schistosomiasis because snails of the genus Biomphalaria act as intermediate hosts for the parasite. Schistosomiasis is one of 13 neglected tropical diseases with high morbidity and mortality that collectively affect one billion of the world's poorest population, mainly in developing countries. Thiopalmyrone (1) and palmyrrolinone (2), metabolites isolated from extracts of a Palmyra Atoll environmental assemblage of two cyanobacteria, cf. Oscillatoria and Hormoscilla spp., represent new and potent molluscicidal chemotypes against Biomphalaria glabrata (LC50=8.3 and 6.0 μM, respectively). A slight enhancement in molluscicidal effect (LC50=5.0 μM) was observed when these two natural products were utilized as an equimolar binary mixture.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.
authors.forename: Alban R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Etzbach
authors.forename: Niclas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Engene
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Gerwick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000187:drug effects; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry*; D003906:Developing Countries; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058069:Neglected Diseases; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D008975:Molluscacides; D011758:Pyrroles; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; C560163:palmyrrolinone; C560162:thiopalmyrone