title: Systematic review of guidelines on imaging of asymptomatic coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to critically appraise guidelines on imaging of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Various imaging tests exist to detect CAD in asymptomatic persons. Because randomized controlled trials are lacking, guidelines that address the use of CAD imaging tests may disagree.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guidelines in English published between January 1, 2003, and February 26, 2010, were retrieved using MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the National Library for Health, the Canadian Medication Association Infobase, and the Guidelines International Network International Guideline Library. Guidelines developed by national and international medical societies from Western countries, containing recommendations on imaging of asymptomatic CAD were included. Rigor of development was scored by 2 independent reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument. One reviewer performed full extraction of recommendations, which was checked by a second reviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,415 titles identified, 14 guidelines met our inclusion criteria. Eleven of 14 guidelines reported relationship with industry. The AGREE scores varied across guidelines from 21% to 93%. Two guidelines considered cost effectiveness. Eight guidelines recommended against or found insufficient evidence for testing of asymptomatic CAD. The other 6 guidelines recommended imaging patients at intermediate or high CAD risk based on the Framingham risk score, and 5 considered computed tomography calcium scoring useful for this purpose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guidelines on risk assessment by imaging of asymptomatic CAD contain conflicting recommendations. More research, including randomized controlled trials, evaluating the impact of imaging on clinical outcomes and costs is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ferket
authors.forename: Tessa S S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Genders
authors.forename: Ersen B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Colkesen
authors.forename: Jacob J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spronk
authors.forename: Ewout W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Steyerberg
authors.forename: M G Myriam
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hunink
mesh_terms: D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed