title: Associations between variants in the cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme gene (PTGS2) and development of benign prostate enlargement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if polymorphisms in the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme gene (prostaglandin synthase 2; PTGS2) were associated with development of benign prostate enlargement (BPE), and whether associations were modified by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were men residing in Olmsted County, MN, who were between 40 and 79 years of age in 1990 (N= 356). Prostate volume was measured by transrectal ultrasound and men reported all the medications that they were taking at the time of the examination. Men were followed biennially for 16 years. Ten tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PTGS2 gene were typed using the Illumina GoldenGate(TM) Assay. Associations between SNPs and development of BPE (volume >30 mL) were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. Models were also stratified by NSAID use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant associations between four polymorphisms in the PTGS2 gene and development of BPE (all P < 0.05). These associations were not observed among men who used NSAIDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variants in the PTGS2 gene may increase the risk of prostate enlargement, but the increased risk may be minimized by use of NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. stsauver.jennifer@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: St Sauver
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lieber
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Slager
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Michaela E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McGree
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human