title: Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T37 and its bio-organic fertilizer could control Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease in cucumber seedlings mainly by the mycoparasitism.
abstract: Damping-off disease is caused by Rhizoctonia solani and leads to serious loss in many crops. Biological control is an efficient and environmentally friendly way to prevent damping-off disease. Optical micrographs, scanning electron micrographs, and the determination of hydrolytic enzymes were used to investigate the antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T37 (SQR-T37) against R. solani. Experiments were performed in pots to assess the in vivo disease-control efficiency of SQR-T37 and bio-organic fertilizer. The results indicate that the mycoparasitism was the main mechanism accounting for the antagonistic activity of SQR-T37. In one experiment, the population of R. solani was decreased from 10(6) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) copies per gram soil to 10(4) ITS copies per gram soil by the presence of the antagonist. In this experiment, 45% of the control efficiency was obtained when 8 g of SQR-T37 hyphae per gram soil was applied. In a second experiment, as much as 81.82% of the control efficiency was obtained when bio-organic fertilizer (SQR-T37 fermented organic fertilizer, BIO) was applied compared to only 27.27% of the control efficiency when only 4 g of SQR-T37 hyphae per gram soil was applied. Twenty days after incubation, the population of T. harzianum was 4.12 × 10(7) ITS copies per gram soil in the BIO treatment, which was much higher than that in the previous treatment (8.77 × 10(5) ITS copies per gram soil), where only SQR-T37 was applied. The results indicated that SQR-T37 was a potent antagonist against R. solani in a mycoparasitic way that decreased the population of the pathogen. Applying BIO was more efficient than SQR-T37 application alone because it stabilized the population of the antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xinqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Qirong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xingming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D044822:Biodiversity; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000382:microbiology; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000382:microbiology*; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014242:Trichoderma
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers