title: Ultrasonography in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: a critical review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve has been recommended as a useful additional test in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the literature and systemically reviewed all clinical trials in UNE. We also looked for articles about the normal sonoanatomy and specific causes of UNE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 14 clinical trials in UNE were suitable for further analysis. Ultrasonographic ulnar nerve size measurement appears to be a test with good diagnostic accuracy. The most frequently reported abnormality was an increased cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. However, several studies had methodological flaws. In addition, the ultrasonographic techniques and study designs differed among the studies. There were a few other uncontrolled studies about the underlying causes of UNE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of ultrasonography in UNE seems promising but could not be firmly established. More prospective studies are needed, and we make several recommendations for further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Atrium Medical Centre, PO Box 4446, 6401 CX, Heerlen, The Netherlands. r.beekman@atriummc.nl
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.forename: Leo H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Wim Im
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Verhagen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D020424:Ulnar Neuropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography