title: Temporal trends in diabetes prevalence and key diabetes risk factors in Scotland, 2003-2008.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed temporal trends in diabetes prevalence and key diabetes risk factors (obesity, physical activity, smoking) over 5 years in a nationally representative sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were drawn from the Scottish Health Surveys, which recruited two separate, nationally representative samples in 2003 (n = 7229, aged 50.5 ± 17.2 years) and 2008 (n = 6313, aged 51.8 ± 17.6 years). Prevalent diabetes was assessed from a self-reported physician's diagnosis, and high diabetes risk or undiagnosed cases were defined from HbA(1c) ≥ 6.0% (≥ 42 mmol/mol) to < 6.5% (< 47.5 mmol/mol) and ≥ 6.5% (≥ 47.5 mmol/mol), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 5 years there was an increased prevalence of diabetes (5.2 vs. 9.4% in 2003 and 2008, respectively) and in the prevalence of high diabetes risk (2.9 vs. 12.4%). These differences were accentuated in participants aged 65 years and above; for diabetes, there was a prevalence of 12 and 17.3% in 2003 and 2008, respectively, and, for high risk, the prevalence was 7.8 and 24.7%, respectively. There was also an increase in diabetes risk factors, including obesity and lack of physical activity, although these factors did not explain the diabetes trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest nearly a doubling in the prevalence of diabetes over 5 years in Scotland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. m.hamer@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kengne
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stamatakis
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology