title: A cell-based biosensor for real-time detection of cardiotoxicity using lensfree imaging.
abstract: A portable and cost-effective real-time cardiotoxicity biosensor was developed using a CMOS imaging module extracted from a commercially available webcam. The detection system consists of a CMOS imaging module, a white LED and a pinhole. Real-time image processing was conducted by comparing reference and live frame images. To evaluate the engineered system, the effects of two different drugs, isoprenaline and doxorubicin, on the beating rate and beat-to-beat variations of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes were measured. The detection system was used to conclude that the beat-to-beat variability increased under treatment with both isoprenaline and doxorubicin. However, the beating rates increased upon the addition of isoprenaline but decreased for cultures supplemented with doxorubicin. Moreover, the response time for both the beating rates and the beat-to-beat variability of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes under treatment of isoprenaline was shorter than for doxorubicin, although the amount of isoprenaline used in the measurement was three orders of magnitude lower than that of doxorubicin. Given its ability to perform real-time cell monitoring in a simple and inexpensive manner, the proposed system may be useful for a range of cell-based biosensing applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Sang Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hojae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Sang Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Mehmet R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dokmeci
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cropek
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khademhosseini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012666:Semiconductors; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; D007545:Isoproterenol