title: Update on treatment advances in combined-modality therapy for anal and rectal carcinomas.
abstract: Concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy is the primary treatment for patients with squamous cell tumors of the anal canal, and is also employed in the neoadjuvant setting for patients with stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum. There is constant clinical study involving modifications of chemoradiotherapy regimens in an effort to maximize tumor responses while reducing normal tissue toxicity. This review will discuss established regimens as well as newer and novel treatment approaches to treatment of anal and rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 5801 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390-9183, USA. Jeffrey.Meyer@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balch
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czito
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D016685:Mitomycin; D002945:Cisplatin