title: Genetic variation within the anticoagulant, procoagulant, fibrinolytic and innate immunity pathways as risk factors for venous thromboembolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is highly heritable (estimated heritability [h(2)]=0.62) and likely to be a result of multigenic action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To systematically test variation within genes encoding for important components of the anticoagulant, procoagulant, fibrinolytic and innate immunity pathways for an independent association with VTE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-Hispanic adults of European ancestry with objectively-diagnosed VTE, and age- and sex- matched controls, were genotyped for 13 031 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 764 genes. Analyses (n=12296 SNPs) were performed with plink using an additive genetic model and adjusted for age, sex, state of residence, and myocardial infarction or stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 2927 individuals, one or more SNPs within ABO, F2, F5, F11, KLKB1, SELP and SCUBE1 were significantly associated with VTE, including factor (F) V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, ABO non-O blood type, and a novel association with ABO rs2519093 (OR=1.68, P-value=8.08×10(-16) ) that was independent of blood type. In stratified analyses, SNPs in the following genes were significantly associated with VTE: F5 and ABO among both genders and LY86 among women; F2, ABO and KLKB1 among FV Leiden non-carriers; F5, F11, KLKB1 and GFRA1 in those with ABO non-O blood type; and ABO, F5, F11, KLKB1, SCUBE1 and SELP among prothrombin G20210A non-carriers. The ABO rs2519093 population-attributable risk (PAR) exceeded that of FV Leiden and prothrombin G20210A, and the joint PAR of FV Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, ABO non-O and ABO rs2519093 was 0.40.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticoagulant, procoagulant, fibrinolytic and innate immunity pathway genetic variation accounts for a large proportion of VTE among non-Hispanic adults of European ancestry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. heit.john@mayo.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Armasu
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DE Andrade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000235:genetics; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology*