title: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 on human colon adenocarcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) were cultured and incubated with various concentrations (0-320 mg/l) of EGb 761 solution for up to 72 h. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, expression of caspase-3, the mRNA levels of p53, and Bcl-2 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EGb 761 inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells in a time-dose-dependent manner. At 80 and 320 mg/L, EGb 761 increased the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase and reduced cells in the G2/M and S phase. EGb 761 treatment also increased the apoptosis ratio of the HT-29 cells. EGb 761 treatment was associated with an increase in caspase-3 activities, reduction in bcl-2 mRNA expression and elevation in p53 mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGb 761 inhibits the progression of human colon cancer cells. Its therapeutic effect may be related to enhanced caspase-3 activities, up-regulation of p53 and down-regulation of bcl-2 genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuan-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Xiao-Ji
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mei-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Yan-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Le-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016193:G1 Phase; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; D016196:S Phase; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D053148:Caspase 3; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract