title: Metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and severe myalgias: an attempt to mask urine drug screen results.
abstract: Adolescent use of illicit substances remains a significant problem. In attempts to hide their use of these substances, some are using Internet-recommended methods of masking these drugs on drug screens, potentially exposing the adolescent to severe and possibly dangerous adverse effects. We report a 16-year-old patient who ingested approximately 13 g (twenty-six 500-mg tablets) of niacin during a 48-hour period in an attempt to mask his use of tetrahydrocannabinol on an upcoming drug screen. He subsequently developed severe chest and abdominal pain as well as extreme diffuse myalgias (previously unreported in association with niacin use). In addition, he developed severe hypoglycemia, acidosis, transaminitis, and coagulopathy. He required significant fluid resuscitation and bicarbonate infusion. Over approximately 5 days his symptoms resolved and he ultimately did well. Given increasingly available home drug screens and the abundance of false information readily available to adolescents via the Internet regarding "masking" of drug use, it is likely that cases such as ours will become more prevalent. Pediatric emergency physicians and pediatricians should maintain a high suspicion for use of niacin or other substances to obscure detection of illicit substances when patients present with symptoms similar to those of our patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, USA. lowe@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arcinegas-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Mary Glas
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gaspers
authors.forename: Merlin Channing
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009525:Niacin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection
chemical_list: D009525:Niacin