title: Isokinetic muscle assessment after treatment of pectoralis major muscle rupture using surgical or non-surgical procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle appears to be increasing in athletes. However, the optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the isokinetic shoulder performance after surgical treatment to that after non-surgical treatment for pectoralis major muscle rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 33 pectoralis major muscle ruptures (18 treated non-surgically and 15 treated surgically). Horizontal abduction and adduction as well as external and internal rotation at 60 and 120 degrees/s were tested in both upper limbs. Peak torque, total work, contralateral deficiency, and the peak torque agonist-to-antagonist ratio were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contralateral muscular deficiency did not differ between the surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities. However, the surgical group presented twice the number of athletes with clinically acceptable contralateral deficiency (<20%) for internal rotators compared to the non-surgical group. The peak torque ratio between the external and internal rotator muscles revealed a similar deficit of the external rotation in both groups and on both sides (surgical, 61.60% and 57.80% and non-surgical, 62.06% and 54.06%, for the dominant and non-dominant sides, respectively). The peak torque ratio revealed that the horizontal adduction muscles on the injured side showed similar weakness in both groups (surgical, 86.27%; non-surgical, 98.61%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study included the largest single series of athletes reported to date for this type of injury. A comparative analysis of muscular strength and balance showed no differences between the treatment modalities for pectoralis major muscle rupture. However, the number of significant clinical deficiencies was lower in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group, and both treatment modalities require greater attention to the rehabilitation process, especially for the recovery of muscle strength and balance.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos da
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Castro Pochini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pochini
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ejnisman
authors.forename: Claudio Andre Barbosa de
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: Marilia Dos Santos
authors.initials: Mdos S
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012421:Rupture / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque