title: HMGB1 as an autophagy sensor in oxidative stress.
abstract: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein, actively released following cytokine stimulation as well as passively during cell injury and death. Autophagy is a tightly regulated cellular stress pathway involving the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles or proteins. Organisms respond to oxidative injury by orchestrating stress responses such as autophagy to prevent further damage. Recently, we reported that HMGB1 is an autophagy sensor in the presence of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) and loss of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-mediated oxidative stress promotes cytosolic HMGB1 expression and extracellular release. Inhibition of HMGB1 release or loss of HMGB1 decreases the number of autolysosomes and autophagic flux in human and mouse cell lines under conditions of oxidative stress. These findings provide insight into how HMGB1, a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP), triggers autophagy as defense mechanism under conditions of cellular stress.
authors.affiliation: DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Livesey
authors.forename: Herbert J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zeh
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.forename: Daolin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein