title: Negatively charged low-density lipoprotein is associated with atherogenic risk in hypertensive patients.
abstract: Negatively charged low-density lipoprotein (LDL), generated via multiple processes such as oxidation, acetylation, or glycosylation, plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and related diseases. Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AE-HPLC) can subfractionate LDL into LDL-1, LDL-2, and LDL-3 based on LDL particle charge, but the clinical significance of LDL subfractions has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of these fractions with particular regard to atherogenic risk in hypertensive patients. Ninety-eight patients with essential hypertension (age 67.0 ± 10.7 years; 54 males) were enrolled in the present study. The relationships between LDL subfractions and atherogenic risk factors, including lipid profiles, blood pressure and plasma 8-isoprostane as a marker of oxidative stress, were examined. LDL-1 levels were significantly and negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.384, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.457, p < 0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (r = -0.457, p < 0.001) and 8-isoprostane levels (r = -0.415, p < 0.001). LDL-3, which is the most negatively charged fraction of total LDL, was significantly and positively correlated with these parameters (r = 0.267, 0.481, 0.357, and 0.337, respectively). LDL-1 levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001), and LDL-2 and LDL-3 levels were significantly higher (each p < 0.001) in patients with poorly controlled hypertension than in patients with well-controlled hypertension. In addition, an increase in the total number of traditional risk factors at time of study participation, but not previous diagnosis, was associated with a decrease in LDL-1 levels and increases in LDL-2 and LDL-3 levels. These data suggest that LDL subfractions are associated with multiple atherogenic risk factors and that treatment to modify these risk factors could result in changes in LDL subfraction levels. In conclusion, LDL subfractions isolated by AE-HPLC may represent a marker of atherogenic risk in patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jungo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Urata
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashizawa
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maemura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007564:Japan; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost