title: Reliability and validity of the 3DNX accelerometer during mechanical and human treadmill exercise testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the 3DNX triaxial accelerometer in a laboratory and mechanical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment 1: A total of 10 units were fixed to a Multi-axis shaker table. A schedule comprising a range of accelerations was repeated on two occasions along each of the three measurement axes. Experiment 2: A total of 11 recreationally active individuals completed a treadmill protocol (4-20 km hr(-1)) on two occasions. Two 3DNX accelerometers were secured to the lower back, logging data every 5 s. Oxygen uptake was measured using the Douglas Bag technique. Reliability inter- and intra-units were assessed using a combination of limits of agreement (LoA), coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was assessed using simple linear regression. All data are expressed in counts per 5 s (counts 5 s(-1)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiment 1: CV(intra) ranged from 0.0 to 8.9% in all axes. The absolute bias±95% LoA values were all below four counts 5 s(-1). CV(inter) did not rise above 4.5%. ICCs were 1.0 for all stages in all axes. The relationship between 3DNX counts and acceleration yielded an R(2) value of 0.99 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of six counts 5 s(-1). Experiment 2: CV(inter) ranged from 7.7 to 16.0% for trial 1 and from 7.7 to 16.2% for trial 2. ICCs between units ranged from 0.95 to 1.00 for trial 1 and from 0.90 to 0.99 for trial 2. Mean ratio bias±95% LoA values for intra-unit and inter-unit reliability were -0.7% (P>0.05)±12.4% and 0.4% (P>0.05)±5.6%, respectively. The relationship between VO(2) and 3DNX counts for walking and running was linear (R(2)=0.65, SEE=1.42 ml kg(-1) min(-1); R(2)=0.62, SEE=3.63 ml kg(-1) min(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3DNX accelerometer is a reliable and valid device for measuring acceleration in a mechanical setting and during human treadmill exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department for Health, Sport Health and Exercise Science, University of Bath, UK. sp3feh@bath.ac.uk
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rayson
authors.forename: J L J
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bilzon
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen