title: Efficacy and blood sera analysis of a long-acting formulation of moxidectin against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on treated cattle.
abstract: The therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single subcutaneous injection of a long-acting formulation of moxidectin at a concentration of 1 mg/kg body weight was determined against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), along with the concentration-time blood sera profile in treated cattle. The therapeutic efficacy against ticks of all parasitic stages on cattle at the time of treatment was >99.9%, and the mean tick number, index of fecundity, engorgement weight, and egg mass weight of ticks recovered from treated animals were all significantly lower than ticks from untreated animals. The index of fecundity, engorgement weight of females, and egg mass weight of ticks recovered from treated animals infested at weekly (7-d) intervals between 14 and 63 d posttreatment were significantly lower than for ticks on untreated animals, whereas the number of ticks per animal recovered from treated cattle remained lower than that of untreated cattle for up to 49 d posttreatment. The percentage control remained >99% at weekly intervals between 14 and 49 d posttreatment, which is the minimum level of efficacy considered acceptable for use in the United States Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program. The serum concentration of moxidectin in treated cattle increased to 25.6 ppb (parts per billion) within 1 d after treatment, and peaked at 47.3 ppb at 8 d posttreatment. Moxidectin sera levels remained above the estimated 100% threshold level for elimination of feeding ticks (5-8 ppb) for 44-53 d after treatment. The label claim of 50 d of prevention against reinfestation for the long-acting moxidectin formulation used in the study was supported by the efficacy and sera concentration data obtained. Based on these results, cattle could be treated at 63-d intervals with minimal risk of viable ticks detaching from treated animals. This treatment interval would be 4.5-fold longer than the presently required treatment interval of 14 d, thus leading to approximately 75% reduction in gathering and handling costs of cattle incurred by producers.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Moore Air Base, Building 6419, 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA. ronald.davey@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: J Mathews
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pound
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Klavons
authors.forename: Kimberly H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lohmeyer
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Adalberto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Perez de Leon
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D018942:Macrolides / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin