title: Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  • To compare the clinical and pathological details of inverted papilloma (IP) of the urinary tract diagnosed in Western Australia with those published. • To determine whether urinary tract IP requires post-treatment cystoscopic follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  • Clinical and pathological details were summarized for 41 cases of IP of the urinary tract diagnosed in Western Australia between 1998 and 2010. • Publications on IP of the urinary tract were reviewed and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  • IP of the urinary tract is a rare benign tumour most commonly diagnosed in older men presenting with haematuria or symptoms of lower urinary tract obstruction. • IP is most frequently identified in the bladder neck or trigone as a polypoid growth with a smooth surface. • The major differential diagnosis is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with an inverted growth pattern, with differentiation based mainly on morphological criteria. • Treatment involves transurethral resection for lower urinary tract lesions whereas upper urinary tract IPs are resected by ureteroscopy, percutaneous endoscopy, partial ureterectomy or nephroureterectomy. • IP is weakly associated with a history of TCC and with increased risk of concomitant or subsequent TCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Based on the association with TCC, post-treatment follow-up for IP of the urinary tract should include cystoscopic follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Tissugen Pty Ltd, Perth, Western Australia.
authors.forename: Alexandra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult