title: Origins and evolutionary genomics of the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans--past and present perspectives.
abstract: Swine influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics claiming the lives of millions from the early history up to the present days. This virus has drawn on a bag of evolutionary tricks to survive in one or another form in both humans and pigs with novel gene constellations through the periodic importation or exportation of viral genes. A prime example is emergence of pandemic novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) in 2009 that have transmitted to and spread among humans, resulting in outbreaks internationally. The phylogenetic analysis of sequences of all genes of the S-OIV, showed that its genome contained six gene segments that were similar to ones previously found in triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses circulating in pigs in North America. The genes encoding neuraminidase and M protein were most closely related to those in influenza A viruses circulating in swine populations in Eurasia. This unique genetic combination of influenza virus gene segments leading to the emergence of novel S-OIV that had not been seen before in the world. Here, it has been used evolutionary analysis to estimate the timescale of the origins and the early development of the S-OIV epidemic. This paper shows that it was derived from several viruses circulating in swine and makes a briefly review over the origins and evolutionary genomics of current S-OIV in humans with historical perspectives with a view to exhibition of evolutionary relationship between past and present origins of swine influenza viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: M M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mamun
authors.forename: A K M N
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Huda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics*; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase