title: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory property of the methanol extract from Ligustrum morrisonense leaves in rodents.
abstract: Ligustrum morrisonense Kaneh and Sasaki (abbreviated as LM), an endemic Ligustrum plant in Taiwan, is similar to Ligustrum lucidum, which is usually used for curing hepatic and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of LM by chemical-induced algesia and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rodents. Its triterpenoid contents were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. LM leaf extracts effectively inhibited writhing responses induced by 1% acetic acid and biphasic-licking responses caused by 1% formalin. LM leaf extract also reduced the edema induced by 1% carrageenan. Furthermore, LM leaf extract reduced the abdominal Evan's blue extravasations caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serotonin, histamine and bradykinin. LM leaf extract has higher contents of amyrin and lupeol among six assayed triterpenoid compounds. In conclusion, LM is a potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory Ligustrum plant, and its anti-inflammatory effects are partially related to decreasing microvascular permeability via inflammatory mediators and inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Rei
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Hsin
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yung-Ta
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi-Luan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000098:blood supply; D000700:Analgesics / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000188:drug therapy; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D031659:Ligustrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000094042:Lupanes
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002351:Carrageenan; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; C036380:beta-amyrin; C010480:lupeol; D000094042:Lupanes