title: Diabetes management and vaccination rates in the Southeast United States, 2000 through 2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in diabetes management, by race and sex, in the southeast United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Southeast United States (ie, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee).
  
  
  METHODS
  Whites and Blacks surveyed through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 2000 and 2007 in the southeast United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total diabetes management included personal factors (checking blood glucose and feet), healthcare provider factors (visiting a doctor, checking hemoglobin A1c, checking feet) and vaccinations (influenza, pneumonia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccination levels were low throughout the study period, and a racial disparity in vaccination rates developed because trends in prevalence increased more rapidly in Whites relative to Blacks. Personal diabetes management increased significantly in all race/sex groups with greater increases in Black than White men, resulting in White men having lower point estimates of prevalence than Black men. Healthcare provider diabetes management increased significantly in all race/sex groups with the exception of Black men. Considering vaccinations together with personal and provider diabetes management criteria, diabetes management improved significantly in all race/sex groups, but remained low in 2007 (ie, 8.8%, Black women; 14.0%, White women; 11.5%, Black men; 12.8% White men).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emphasis should be placed on improving vaccination levels, diabetes patient self-management and provider-management in the southeast United States. Although diabetes management improved over the study time period, in 2007 the percent of individuals meeting all of the diabetes management criteria examined remained very low ranging from 8.8% in Black women to 14.0% in White women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hardman
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Rickey E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lackland
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012648:Self Care; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data