title: Implant therapy in the esthetic zone: smile line assessment.
abstract: Assessment of the smile or lip line is imperative when implant therapy is carried out in the esthetic zone. The smile is generally defined as high, average, or low. Females are reported to have higher lip lines than males, which means that they are at greater risk when placing and restoring implants in the esthetic zone. Maximum upper lip elevation, usually observed during a strained posed smile, should be assessed. This paper discusses some clinical observations and concepts in relation to smile line assessment for implant therapy in the esthetic zone. (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2011;31:195-201.).
authors.affiliation: Conservation Department, Restorative Division, Eastern Dental Hospital and Institute, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. stella.k@hotmail.co.uk
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kourkouta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003442:Crowns; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D023861:Photography, Dental; D012737:Sex Factors; D012904:Smiling / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants