title: Prevalence of antenatal depression: comparison between Pakistani and Canadian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence and correlates of depression in pregnant women of different cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a score of 13 or greater on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to indicate depression status and logistic regression to determine its correlates in pregnant women from Northern Pakistan (n=128), Caucasian (n=128) and Aboriginal (n=128) women from Saskatchewan, Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher proportion of Pakistani women (48.4%) had depression compared to their Aboriginal (31.2%) and Caucasian (8.6%) counterparts. Depression was associated with poor physical health in all women; however, there were unique correlates of antenatal depression in each group: physical abuse in Pakistani women (AOR=4.40:95% CI, 1.15-16.85), sexual abuse in Aboriginal women (AOR=3.02:95% CI, 1.09-8.40), and low income in Caucasian women (AOR=5.74:95% CI, 1.04-31.78).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is a substantial public health problem among pregnant women, with women in Pakistan having a much higher burden of antenatal depression than their Canadian counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
authors.forename: Syed Mahboob Ali
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowshad
authors.forename: Nazeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhajarine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult