title: Educating for teamwork--nursing students' coordination in simulated cardiac arrest situations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The overarching aim was to explore and describe the communicative modes students employ to coordinate the team in a simulation-based environment designed for resuscitation team training.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Verbal communication is often considered essential for effective coordination in resuscitation teams and enhancing patient safety. Although simulation is a promising method for improving coordination skills, previous studies have overlooked the necessity of addressing the multifaceted interplay between verbal and non-verbal forms of communication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one nursing students participated in the study. The data were collected in February and March, 2008. Video recordings from 28 simulated cardiac arrest situations in a nursing programme were analysed. Firstly, all communicative actions were coded and quantified according to content analysis. Secondly, interaction analysis was performed to capture the significance of verbal and non-verbal communication, respectively, in the moment-to-moment coordination of the team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three phases of coordination in the resuscitation team were identified: Stating unconsciousness, Preparing for resuscitation, Initiating resuscitation. Coordination of joint assessments and actions in these phases involved a broad range of verbal and non-verbal communication modes that were necessary for achieving mutual understandings of how to continue to the next step in the algorithm. This was accomplished through a complex interplay of taking position, pointing and through verbal statements and directives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simulation-based environments offer a promising solution in nursing education for training the coordination necessary in resuscitation teams as they give the opportunity to practice the complex interplay of verbal and non-verbal communication modes that would otherwise not be possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway. sissel.i.husebo@uis.no
authors.forename: Sissel Eikeland
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Husebø
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rystedt
authors.forename: Febe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Friberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013338:Students, Nursing; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult