title: Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties.
abstract: The first aim of the present work (study 1) was to analyze ethyl acetate, 70% acetone, and 70% methanol extracts of the peel, pulp, and seed from two avocado (Persea americana Mill.) varieties, namely, 'Hass' and 'Fuerte', for their phenolic composition and their in vitro antioxidant activity using the CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Their antimicrobial potential was also studied. Peels and seeds had higher amounts of phenolics and a more intense in vitro antioxidant potential than the pulp. Peels and seeds were rich in catechins, procyanidins, and hydroxycinnamic acids, whereas the pulp was particularly rich in hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and procyanidins. The total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of avocado phenolics was affected by the extracting solvent and avocado variety. The avocado materials also displayed moderate antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. Taking a step forward (study 2), extracts (70% acetone) from avocado peels and seeds were tested as inhibitors of oxidative reactions in meat patties. Avocado extracts protected meat lipids and proteins against oxidation with the effect on lipids being dependent on the avocado variety.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Tepic, Mexico.
authors.forename: Javier-Germán
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Carpena
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morcuende
authors.forename: María-Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kylli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estévez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D027421:Persea; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts