title: Repulsion of maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth in standing horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the technique and results of cheek teeth repulsion in standing, sedated horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses (n = 12), ponies (6).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records (2006-2009) of horses that had cheek tooth repulsion while standing were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included: maxillary or mandibular cheek tooth disease diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination where attempted oral extraction failed necessitating repulsion. Horses were sedated and a local nerve block performed. Intraoperative radiographs facilitated instrument positioning and ensured repulsion of all dental remnants. Alveolar cavities were packed postoperatively and secondary dental sinusitis treated with lavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median horse age was 7 years (range, 1-30 years). Maxillary (n = 15) and mandibular (5) cheek teeth were removed successfully. One horse was euthanatized 1 week after tooth removal because of concurrent liver disease and 10 horses (59%) had resolution of discharge after the 1st treatment; 41% of extractions required follow-up medical or surgical treatment to resolve signs [6/12 maxillary sinusitis and 1/5 persistent mandibular drainage].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standing repulsion of diseased and fractured cheek teeth is an effective means of resolving clinical signs of dental disease when oral extraction fails. Chronic sinus involvement increased the risk of postextraction surgical treatment for sinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Cotts Equine Hospital, Pembrokeshire, UK. richcoomer@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Richard P C
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Coomer
authors.forename: Graham S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Fowke
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome