title: Cyclodextrin-poly(anhydride) nanoparticles as new vehicles for oral drug delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oral administration of drugs belonging to Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) represents a major challenge. These drugs display poor aqueous solubility and specific permeability characteristics. Most of these compounds are substrates of the P-glycoprotein and/or the cytochrome P450. Among other types of drug, various anti-cancer drugs also suffer from these drawbacks (i.e., paclitaxel), which limits the possibilities for developing oral treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review discusses the factors that influence the bioavailability of drugs when administered by the oral route, as well as the capabilities of cyclodextrins when associated with nanoparticles. In particular, evidence is given regarding the synergistic effect between cyclodextrins and bioadhesive nanoparticles, on the oral delivery of pharmaceuticals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article aims to provide an overview of the multiple gains in incorporating cyclodextrins in poly(anhydride) nanoparticles, including improvement of their bioadhesive capability, the loading of lipophilic drugs and the effect on efflux membrane proteins and cytochrome P450. The combination between bioadhesive nanoparticles and P-gp inhibitors without pharmacological activity (i.e., cyclodextrins) may be useful to promote the oral bioavailability of drugs ascribed to Class IV of the BCS.
authors.affiliation: University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agüeros
authors.forename: Socorro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Espuelas
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esparza
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calleja
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peñuelas
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponchel
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Irache
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049388:Polyanhydrides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004337:Drug Carriers; D049388:Polyanhydrides; D017239:Paclitaxel