title: Comparing clean intermittent catheterisation and transurethral indwelling catheterisation for incomplete voiding after vaginal prolapse surgery: a multicentre randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare clean intermittent catheterisation with transurethral indwelling catheterisation for the treatment of abnormal post-void residual bladder volume (PVR) following vaginal prolapse surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicentre randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five teaching hospitals and one non-teaching hospital in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients older than 18 years experiencing abnormal PVR following vaginal prolapse surgery, with or without the use of mesh. Exclusion criteria were: any neurological or anxiety disorder, or the need for combined anti-incontinence surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were given an indwelling catheter directly after surgery, which was removed on the first postoperative day. Patients with a PVR of more than 150 ml after their first void were randomised for clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC), performed by nursing staff, or for transurethral indwelling catheterisation (TIC) for 3 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacteriuria rate at end of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 87 patients were included in the study. Compared with the TIC group (n = 42), there was a lower risk of developing bacteriuria (14 versus 38%; P = 0.02) or urinary tract infection (UTI; 12 versus 33%; P = 0.03) in the CIC group (n = 45); moreover, a shorter period of catheterisation was required (18 hours CIC versus 72 hours TIC; P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was similar in the two groups, and no adverse events occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clean intermittent catheterisation is preferable over indwelling catheterisation for 3 days in the treatment of abnormal PVR following vaginal prolapse surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands. rhakvoort@spaarneziekenhuis.nl
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hakvoort
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Bouwmeester
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Broekman
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ruhe
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vernooij
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Emanuel
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Roovers
mesh_terms: D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*