title: Post-implantation erythema in 3 patients and a review of reticular telangiectatic erythema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The appearance of erythematous, blanchable patches or plaques overlying an implant suggests possible reticular telangiectatic erythema (RTE). RTE is a benign reactive cutaneous manifestation that can present following the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator or intrathecal infusion pump in an otherwise asymptomatic, non-infectious patient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the variety in clinical presentation of patients presenting with RTE or similar patch test-negative post-implantation erythema.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional board approval had been obtained, patient information was obtained from electronic medical record files, which included surgical reports, pathology reports, and notes from outpatient encounters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report post-implantation erythema following insertion of an elbow prosthesis, a knee prosthesis, and a spinal cord stimulator, which have not previously been cited as aetiologies of RTE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Owing to the delayed onset and variable recovery, RTE remains a diagnostic challenge. RTE should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with erythema over the site of a previously implanted device.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Savina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aneja
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Billings
authors.forename: Golara
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Honari
authors.forename: Apra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D058569:Elbow Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000601:surgery; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology