title: Liver x receptors in atherosclerosis and inflammation.
abstract: Liver X receptors (LXRs) are cholesterol-sensing nuclear receptors that are not only key regulators of lipid metabolism and transport but also suppress inflammatory signaling in macrophages through a unique mechanism of transrepression. In this brief review, we focus on the regulatory actions of LXR primarily in macrophages responding to a proatherogenic environment. LXR potentially interferes with atherosclerosis by 2 different agonist-dependent signaling pathways. The first is through promoting reverse cholesterol transportby directly activating genes of cellular cholesterol export. The second is through a general inhibitory action on proinflammatory genes where sumo-modified and agonist-bound LXR recruits negative coregulatory proteins to nuclear factor κB at immune response gene promoters through protein-protein interactions. The antiinflammatory actions of LXR may be a direct response to the proinflammatory actions recently proposed for cholesterol on inflammasome activity in the vessel wall.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Signaling and Disease Program, Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Seung-Soon
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Osborne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors