title: Enhanced Contaminated Human Remains Pouch: initial development and preliminary performance assessments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To produce a proof of concept prototype Enhanced Contaminated Human Remains Pouch (ECHRP) with self-decontamination capability to provide increased protection to emergency response personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  The key objective was to decrease the concentration of toxic chemicals through the use of an absorbent and reactive nanocellulose liner. Additionally, nanomaterials with biocidal properties were developed and tested as a "stand-alone" treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private company research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Production of a functional prototype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A functional prototype capable of mitigating the threats due to sulfur mustard, Soman, and a large variety of liquid and vapor toxic industrial chemicals was produced. Stand-alone biocidal treatment efficacy was validated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ECHRP provides superior protection from both chemical and biological hazards to various emergency response personnel and human remains handlers.
authors.affiliation: NanoScale Corporation, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Iseli
authors.forename: Hai-Doo
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kwen
authors.forename: Mayeen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ul-Alam
authors.forename: Mahalingam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Shyamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
mesh_terms: D054045:Biological Warfare Agents; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D003666:Decontamination / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures; D012999:Soman
chemical_list: D054045:Biological Warfare Agents; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D012999:Soman