title: Astragaloside IV inhibits adenovirus replication and apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Astragaloside IV, purified from the Chinese medical herb Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge and Astragalus caspicus Bieb, is an important natural product with multiple pharmacological actions. This study investigated the anti-ADVs effect of astragaloside IV on HAdV-3 (human adenovirus type 3) in A549 cell.
  
  
  METHODS
  CPE, MTT, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot were apply to detect the cytotoxicity, the inhibition and the mechanisms of astragaloside IV on HAdV-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TC(0 ) of astragaloside IV was 116.8 µm, the virus inhibition rate from 15.98% to 65.68% positively was correlated with the concentration of astragaloside IV from 1.25 µm to 80 µm, IC50 (the medium inhibitory concentration) was 23.85 µm, LC50 (lethal dose 50% concentration) was 865.26 µm and the TI (therapeutic index) was 36.28. qPCR result showed astragaloside IV inhibited the replication of HAdV-3. Flow FCM analysis demonstrated that the anti-HAdV-3 effect was associated with apoptosis. Astragaloside IV was further detected to reduce the protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 and increasing the protein expressions of Bcl-2 using western blotting, which improved the anti-apoptosis mechanism of astragaloside IV on HAdV-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that astragaloside IV possessed anti-HAdV-3 capabilities and the underlying mechanisms might involve inhibiting HAdV-3 replication and HAdV-3-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygienic Microbiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Zhangyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yingchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fenghai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Fuyang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D027885:Astragalus propinquus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C052064:astragaloside A; D053148:Caspase 3