title: Waist circumference is positively correlated with markers of inflammation and negatively with adiponectin in women with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to correlate biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MetS), with markers of inflammation and macronutrient intake in 89 women (25-72 years) with MetS. We hypothesized that waist circumference (WC) would have the stronger correlations with inflammatory parameters and would correlate with carbohydrate intake. Values for WC (108.7 ± 11.1 cm) and plasma triglycerides (202.7 ± 52.1 mg/dL) were elevated, whereas plasma glucose levels varied from 66 to 179 mg/dL, with 42% of women having insulin resistance. Plasma levels of interleukin 6 (0.2-15.9 mg/L), tumor necrosis factor α (1.47-12.3 mg/L), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.06-3.08 mg/dL) varied widely, with most women being above values considered normal. Subjects had high intake of total sugar (92.3 ± 56.4 g/d), high glycemic index (59.8 ± 6.5), and glycemic load (127.2 ± 56.1), whereas dietary fiber (17.1 ± 9.1 g/d) was below recommended intake. Waist circumference was positively correlated with insulin (r = 0.275, P < .01) and with the inflammatory markers interleukin 6 (r = 0.307, P < .01) and tumor necrosis factor α (r = 0.228, P < .05) and negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin (r = -0.309, P < .0001). In addition, WC was positively correlated with total carbohydrate, added sugar, and glycemic load (P < .05) but not with fat or protein. These results are consistent with central obesity being a key marker of the inflammatory state, and they also suggest that carbohydrates, particularly those that are digested rapidly, contribute to increased risk of central obesity and development of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barona
authors.forename: Mariana C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Calle
authors.forename: Jung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Branden
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: LaPia
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalynych
authors.forename: Wadie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Najm
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein