title: Fluoroscopically guided epidural blood patch in patients with postdural puncture headache after spinal and epidural anesthesia.
abstract: Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the major complications after spinal and epidural anesthesia. An epidural blood patch (EBP) may be applied when PDPH persists regardless of conservative treatment. We describe the results of management including fluoroscopically guided EBP in a series of patients with moderate to severe PDPH. From January 2007 to December 2009, PDPH developed in 15 of 3,381 patients (0.44%) who received epidural or spinal anesthesia: 5 (0.21%) after general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia, 8 (0.81%) after spinal anesthesia, and 2 (3.14%) after combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. Of 15 patients, PDPH was relieved without the EBP in 9 patients and 6 patients required the EBP. EBP was performed under fluoroscopy in a prone position; a 4:1 mixture of autologous blood and contrast medium was injected to cover the site of dural puncture. The success rate of fluoroscopically guided EBP was 100% with a mean blood volume of 7.2 ml. No complications were associated with EBP except for a mild backache. Fluoroscopically guided EBP may be successfully and safely performed to treat persistent PDPH with a relatively small volume of blood for epidural injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan. drjkawa@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Satoki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001510:Bed Rest; D017217:Blood Patch, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000293:injuries; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D051299:Post-Dural Puncture Headache / Q000628:therapy*; D011187:Posture; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000009:adverse effects; D016683:Supine Position; D016896:Treatment Outcome