title: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells.
abstract: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the most commonly used metal oxide NPs in various industrial and commercial products. The present study has demonstrated a significant cellular uptake of TiO2 NPs in the human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) using transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The data exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) concentration dependent decrease in cell viability and glutathione with concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species. The increased oxidative stress further leads to apoptosis after 48 h of exposure. Our study demonstrates oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in human keratinocyte cells exposed to TiO2 NPs.
authors.affiliation: Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR), P.O. Box 80, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Ritesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Alok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Shashi S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium