title: Cardiovascular effects of treadmill exercise in physiological and pathological preclinical settings.
abstract: Exercise adaptations result from a coordinated response of multiple organ systems, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine-metabolic, immunologic, and skeletal muscle. Among these, the cardiovascular system is the most directly affected by exercise, and it is responsible for many of the important acute changes occurring during physical training. In recent years, the development of animal models of pathological or physiological cardiac overload has allowed researchers to precisely analyze the complex cardiovascular responses to stress in genetically altered murine models of human cardiovascular disease. The intensity-controlled treadmill exercise represents a well-characterized model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy because of its ability to mimic the typical responses to exercise in humans. In this review, we describe cardiovascular adaptations to treadmill exercise in mice and the most important parameters that can be used to quantify such modifications. Moreover, we discuss how treadmill exercise can be used to perform physiological testing in mouse models of disease and to enlighten the role of specific signaling pathways on cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Div. of Cardiology, Federico II Univ., Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. espogiov@unina.it
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perrino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pironti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franzone
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scudiero
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Laurentis
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magliulo
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ilardi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carotenuto
authors.forename: Gabriele Giacomo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Schiattarella
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*