title: Repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak via petrous bone using multilayer technique with hydroxyapatite paste.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repairing bone defects after drilling in skull base surgery is difficult in deeper locations, the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal, and the petrous apex. These defects traditionally have been repaired by soft tissue, such as fascia, muscle, or adipose tissue, coupled with lumbar drainage for several days postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  To repair cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage through air cells in the petrous bone, we applied a multilayer technique using hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) in three patients with postoperative CSF leakage. The opening of air cells was drilled widely to visualize the whole site of the opening and then packed with HAC covered with dura mater, fat, and fibrin glue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, CSF leak did not recur after repair with HAC, and there was no postoperative would infection, local inflammation, or cranial nerve damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAC is an effective biomaterial for the repair of refractory CSF leakage due to the opening of air cells in deeper surgical fields such as the petrous bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Kyousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamada
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000601:surgery; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000601:surgery*; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C475044:hydroxyapatite cement