title: Simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances in cow's milk, goat's milk, and human breast milk by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: This paper reports a systematic approach to the development of a method that combines continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances including antibacterials (chloramphenicol, florfenicol, pyrimethamine, thiamphenicol), nonsteroideal anti-inflammatories (diclofenac, flunixin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, phenylbutazone), antiseptic (triclosan), antiepileptic (carbamazepine), lipid regulator (clofibric acid), β-blockers (metoprolol, propranolol), and hormones (17α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, 17β-estradiol) in milk samples. The sample preparation procedure involves deproteination of the milk, followed by sample enrichment and cleanup by continuous solid-phase extraction. The proposed method provides a linear response over the range of 0.6-5000 ng/kg and features limits of detection from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/kg depending on the particular analyte. The method was successfully applied to the determination of pharmacologically active substance residues in food samples including whole, raw, half-skim, skim, and powdered milk from different sources (cow, goat, and human breast).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, EPS of Linares, University of Jaén, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Abdelmonaim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzouz
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jurado-Sánchez
authors.forename: Badredine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Souhail
authors.forename: Evaristo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations