title: Three-year radiologic follow-up of marginal bone loss around titanium dioxide grit-blasted dental implants with and without fluoride treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of fluoride-treated, titanium dioxide grit-blasted implant surfaces on marginal bone levels through radiography at 3 years after functional loading and to determine whether a correlation exists between primary stability and marginal bone levels of implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Edentulous patients who sought two-implant-retained mandibular overdentures and were available for follow-up were included. Each patient received two implants in the mandible; one implant received fluoride treatment and the other did not. To determine primary stability of the dental implants, resonance frequency analysis was performed at the time of implant placement. Panoramic radiographs were obtained preoperatively, at the time of overdenture connection, and at 6-month and 1- , 2-, and 3-year follow-up examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two edentulous patients with a mean age of 58 years (range, 40 to 70 years) were enrolled. All implants survived the observation period. No statistically significant differences were observed in the marginal bone levels of implants with and without fluoride treatment at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years (P > .05). No significant relationship was found between marginal bone levels and the recorded resonance frequency analysis values of the implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoride treatment of titanium dioxide grit-blasted implants was not effective in preventing marginal bone loss, and primary stability did not affect marginal bone loss around implants placed in anterior mandibles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Turkey. geckili@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geckili
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bilhan
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mumcu
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bilgin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D000044:Dental Abutments; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003826:Denture, Complete, Lower; D003828:Denture, Overlay; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides