title: Control of mosquitoes in catch basins in Connecticut with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, [corrected] and spinosad.
abstract: Catch basins are a major source of Culex pipiens pipiens, Cx. restuans, and Aedes japonicus in northeastern USA. VectoBac CG (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis [Bti]), VectoLex CG (Bacillus sphaericus [Bs]), and VectoBac 12AS (Bti), each applied at maximum label rate of 1.8 g, 1.8 g, and 0.193 ml per catch basin, respectively, significantly reduced the numbers of larvae for 1 wk. The dosages on the labels for treatment of mosquito larvae in catch basins, where mosquito breeding is continuous, are not adequate for providing long-term control in the northeastern USA without the need for frequent retreatment. When applied at 3 times the maximum label rate, VectoLex CG, VectoBac 12AS, and VectoBac CG significantly reduced the numbers of larvae for 5, 4, and 2 wk, respectively. A single application of VectoMax WSP (Bti + Bs) (1 pouch containing 10 g) per catch basin significantly reduced the numbers of 3rd and 4th instars and healthy pupae in catch basins in 2008, but numbers of 3rd and 4th instars in treated catch basins at 21 days after treatment had increased to 40% of the numbers in untreated catch basins. A 2nd treatment of 1 pouch per catch basin reduced the numbers of 3rd and 4th instars and healthy pupae to near zero for the next 4 wk, into the middle of September 2008. In 2009, VectoMax applied as 1 pouch per catch basin on July 1 and again on August 18 significantly reduced the numbers of healthy pupae throughout the summer until the end of September. A 2nd application of VectoMax to catch basins is likely needed during summer, when rainfall averages 13.7 in. (approximately 34.25 cm) during June through September, to keep the numbers of Culex and Ae. japonicus significantly reduced to lower risk of human exposure to West Nile virus. The application of 1 Natular XRT tablet, each weighing approximately 40.5 g (6.25% spinosad), to individual catch basins in 2009 significantly reduced the total numbers of larvae for 5 wk.
authors.affiliation: The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, PO Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ferrandino
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dingman
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: Theodore G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Andreadis
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Becnel
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D003237:Connecticut; D003465:Culex; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D011679:Pupa / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D014902:West Nile virus
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; C415329:spinosad