title: The possible mechanism of preterm birth associated with periodontopathic Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that Porphyromonas gingivalis is found in the amniotic fluid and placentae of pregnant women with some obstetric diseases. However, the biological effects of P. gingivalis on intrauterine tissues remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis in chorionic tissues from hospitalized high-risk pregnant women, and the effects of P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the production of proinflammatory molecules in human chorion-derived cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three subjects were selected from Japanese hospitalized high-risk pregnant women. The presence of P. gingivalis in chorionic tissues was analyzed by PCR. Cultured chorion-derived cells or Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) gene-silenced chorion-derived cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate TLR-2 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) mRNA expression in the cells. Levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in culture supernatants of the chorion-derived cells were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P. gingivalis DNA was detected in chorionic tissues from two women with threatened preterm labor, two with multiple pregnancy and two with placenta previa. Stimulation of chorion-derived cells with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide significantly increased TLR-2 mRNA expression, whereas TLR-4 mRNA expression was not changed. P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production in chorion-derived cells, but the P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production was reduced in TLR-2 gene-silenced chorion-derived cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that P. gingivalis can be detected in chorionic tissues of hospitalized high-risk pregnant women, and that P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production via TLR-2 in chorion-derived cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. hasegawa@dent.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa-Nakamura
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Douchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatae
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002823:Chorion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000145:classification; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification; D010923:Placenta Previa / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000382:microbiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4