title: Altered cell motility and attachment with titanium surface modifications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Titanium implants are widely used in dentistry to replace lost teeth. Various surface modifications have been used to improve implant retention and osseointegration. This study is designed to compare the ability of three titanium surfaces to promote cell attachment and cell motility of cells relevant to periodontal tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three clinically relevant surfaces were tested: 1) machined titanium; 2) a titanium surface roughened through acid etching (dual thermal-etched titanium [DTET]); and 3) a titanium surface roughened with nanometer-scale calcium phosphate deposition (nanoscale calcium phosphate-impregnated titanium [NCPIT]). Cell attachment and migration were examined for four cell types: rat osteosarcoma cells, human osteoblasts, and gingival and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four cell types attached to each of the three titanium surfaces equally by 2 hours, and the PDL and gingival fibroblasts generally displayed less attachment than the osteosarcoma cells and osteoblasts. The cells displayed differential motility and long-term attachment to each of the titanium surfaces. Osteosarcoma cells displayed preferential motility on NCPIT, whereas PDL fibroblasts were more motile on machined titanium, and gingival fibroblasts moved more rapidly on both DTET and NCPIT. Osteoblasts displayed little motility on any of the titanium surfaces and lost viability on NCPIT after 24 hours. Gingival fibroblasts lost attachment to machined titanium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal cells displayed differential motility and long-term attachment to titanium surfaces. Selective modification of titanium surface properties in various regions of an implant may be useful in guiding specific cell populations to specific locations where they might best aid in osseointegration and soft tissue remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA. apalai@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Archontia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palaiologou
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stoute
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lallier
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D045662:Dental Etching; D015921:Dental Implants; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium