title: Kinase activity profiling of pneumococcal pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pneumonia represents a major health burden. Previous work demonstrated that although the induction of inflammation is important for adequate host defense against pneumonia, an inability to regulate the host's inflammatory response within the lung later during infection can be detrimental. Intracellular signaling pathways commonly rely on activation of kinases, and kinases play an essential role in the regulation of the inflammatory response of immune cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pneumonia was induced in mice via intranasal instillation of Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. Kinomics peptide arrays, exhibiting 1024 specific consensus sequences for protein kinases, were used to produce a systems biology analysis of cellular kinase activity during the course of pneumonia. Several differences in kinase activity revealed by the arrays were validated in lung homogenates of individual mice using western blot. We identified cascades of activated kinases showing that chemotoxic stress and a T helper 1 response were induced during the course of pneumococcal pneumonia. In addition, our data point to a reduction in WNT activity in lungs of S. pneumoniae infected mice. Moreover, this study demonstrated a reduction in overall CDK activity implying alterations in cell cycle biology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study utilizes systems biology to provide insight into the signaling events occurring during lung infection with the common cause of community acquired pneumonia, and may assist in identifying novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.j.hoogendijk@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Arie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hoogendijk
authors.forename: Sander H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Diks
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
authors.forename: Maikel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Peppelenbosch
authors.forename: Catharina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wieland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000201:enzymology*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D010770:Phosphotransferases