title: From tailor-made to ready-to-wear meningococcal B vaccines: longitudinal study of a clonal meningococcal B outbreak.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outer-membrane-vesicle vaccines for meningococcal B outbreaks are complex and time consuming to develop. We studied the use of already available vaccine to control an outbreak caused by a genetically close strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2006 to 2009, all individuals younger than 20 years living in the region of Normandy, France, in which an outbreak caused by a B:14:P1.7,16 strain occurred, were eligible to receive MenBvac, a Norwegian vaccine designed 20 years earlier against a strain sharing the same serosubtype (B:15:P1.7,16). The immunogenicity (in a randomly selected cohort of 400 children aged 1-5 years), safety, and epidemiological effect of the vaccination were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  26,014 individuals were eligible to receive the vaccine. Shortage of vaccine production prompted start of the campaign in the highest incidence groups (1-5 years). 16,709 (64%) received a complete vaccination schedule of whom 13,589 (81%) received a 2+1 dose schedule (week 0, week 6, and month 8). At 6 weeks after the third dose, of 235 vaccinees for whom samples were available, 206 (88%) had a seroresponse, and 108 (56 %) of 193 had a seroresponse at 15 months. These results were similar to those described for tailor-made vaccines and their homologous strain. Only previously described adverse effects occurred. The incidence of B:14:P1.7,16 cases decreased significantly in the vaccine targeted population after the primary vaccination period (from 31·6 per 100,000 to 5·9 per 100,000; p=0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ready-to-wear approach is reliable if epidemic and vaccine strains are genetically close. Other meningococcal B clonal outbreaks might benefit from this strategy; and previously described outer-membrane-vesicle vaccines can be effective against various strains.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  French Ministry of Health.
authors.affiliation: Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Université de Rouen (EA2656, INSERM U657), Rouen, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: Isabelle Parent
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: du Châtelet
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruckly
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bohic
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Massy
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Floret
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Delbos
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Révillion
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berthelot
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemée
authors.forename: Ala-Eddine
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Deghmane
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bénichou
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lévy-Bruhl
authors.forename: Muhamed-Kheir
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Taha
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000592:standards; D038541:Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B / Q000276:immunology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines