title: The impact of the competence quorum sensing system on Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms varies depending on the experimental model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Different models for biofilm in Streptococcus pneumoniae have been described in literature. To permit comparison of experimental data, we characterised the impact of the pneumococcal quorum-sensing competence system on biofilm formation in three models. For this scope, we used two microtiter and one continuous culture biofilm system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both microtiter models the competence system influences stability and structure of biofilm in the late attachment phase and synthetic competence stimulating peptide (CSP) restored wild type phenotypes in the comC mutants unable to produce the peptide. Early attachment of single cells to well bottoms was found for both systems to be competence independent, while later phases, including microcolony formation correlated to an intact competence system. The continuous culture biofilm model was not affected by mutations in the competence locus, but deletion of capsule had a significant impact in this model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since biofilm remains a largely uncharacterised multi-parameter phenotype it appears to be advisable to exploit more than one model in order to draw conclusion of possible relevance of specific genotypes on pneumococcal physiology.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, LAMMB, Policlinico Le Scotte (lotto 5 piano 1), Universita di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trappetti
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gualdi
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Meola
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Cindy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Korir
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: Marco R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Oggioni
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010641:Phenotype; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C423628:competence factor, Streptococcus