title: Soyasapogenol B and trans-22-dehydrocam- pesterol from common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) root exudates stimulate broomrape seed germination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orobanche and Phelipanche species (the broomrapes) are root parasitic plants, some of which represent serious weed problems causing severe yield losses on important crops. Control strategies have largely focused on agronomic practices, resistant crop varieties and herbicides, albeit with marginal success. An alternative control method is the induction of suicidal seed germination with natural substances isolated from root exudates of host and non-host plants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soyasapogenol B [olean-12-ene-3,22,24-triol(3β,4β,22β)] and trans-22-dehydrocampesterol [(ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3β,22E,24S)] were isolated from Vicia sativa root exudates. They were identified by comparing their spectroscopic and optical properties with those reported in the literature. Soyasapogenol B was very specific, stimulating the germination of O. minor seeds only, whereas trans-22-dehydrocampesterol stimulated P. aegyptiaca, O. crenata, O. foetida and O. minor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soyasapogenol B and trans-22-deydrocampesterol were isolated for the first time from Vicia sativa root exudates, and their biological activity as stimulants of Orobanche or Phelipanche sp. seed germination was reported.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy. evidente@unina.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evidente
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aparicio
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubiales
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andolfi
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melck
mesh_terms: D002775:Cholestadienols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D031672:Orobanche / Q000187:drug effects*; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D033022:Vicia sativa / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002775:Cholestadienols; D010840:Phytosterols; D053147:Plant Exudates; D012503:Saponins; C407096:soyasapogenol B; C003532:brassicasterol; D009828:Oleanolic Acid