title: Psychosexual correlates of persistent postsurgical pain in patients with vulvodynia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine long-term reports of pain and psychologic correlates of pain in women after vestibulectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective cross-sectional exploratory study, 37 women who had undergone vestibulectomy between January 1989 and January 2008 completed questionnaires assessing demographic information, self-reported levels of pain, anxiety, somatization, psychologic distress, and sexual function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight women reported being completely pain free after surgery. The remaining 29 women reported various levels of pain during intercourse (as measured by the Gracely pain scale) and decreased sexual function (as measured by a sexual functioning questionnaire). Various measures of psychologic distress were associated with average intercourse-related pain, including brief symptom inventory (P=0.002), Pennebaker inventory of limbic languidness (P=0.002), perceived stress scale (P=0.04), and Spielberger trait-anxiety inventory (P=0.01). These same measures of psychological distress were similarly associated with general, unprovoked vaginal pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that the pathophysiology of localized vulvodynia may be more complex in some women, leading to a suboptimal response to surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Pain Research Unit, Division of Advanced Laparoscopy and Pelvic Pain, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eanes
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bair
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Denniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zolnoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D056650:Vulvodynia / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*