title: Evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse-induced staining using a digital colorimeter: an in vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the persistence of staining after the use of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four subjects (nine women and 15 men) who underwent periodontal therapy and were prescribed the use of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse participated in this study. Color values of maxillary central incisors, canines, and first molars were recorded at baseline; 3 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks of twice-daily chlorhexidine gluconate use with a digital intraoral colorimeter according to the CIE L*a*b* coordinates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While color-change (Delta E) values showed significant differences (P=.020) at different time points (10.1, 8.9, 8.9, 9.4, after 3 days and 1, 2, and 3 weeks, respectively), the duration of chlorhexidine gluconate use did not significantly affect the results (P=.873) (two-way ANOVA, Tukey test). No significant difference was found among Delta L* (P=.070), Delta a* (P=.169), and Delta b* (P=.691) values at any time point (one-way ANOVA). Measurements of baseline to day 3 differences showed significantly higher Delta E values than those at other time points (P<.05), but this change remained nonsignificant after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of chlorhexidine gluconate use (P>.05) (Tukey test). The highest visible staining occurred on the first molars at all time points (83%, 79%, 79%, and 96% after 3 days and 1, 2, and 3 weeks, respectively) compared to the other teeth evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The staining effect of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse on natural dentition should be expected to be the highest in the first few days of use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kardeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bagis
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baltacioglu
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ustaomer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D009067:Mouthwashes; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine