title: Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: lamivudine.
abstract: Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing lamivudine as the only active pharmaceutical ingredient were reviewed. The solubility and permeability data of lamivudine as well as its therapeutic index, its pharmacokinetic properties, data indicating excipient interactions, and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) studies were taken into consideration. Lamivudine is highly soluble, but its permeability characteristics are not well-defined. Reported BA values in adults ranged from 82% to 88%. Therefore, lamivudine is assigned to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class III, noting that its permeability characteristics are near the border of BCS class I. Lamivudine is not a narrow therapeutic index drug. Provided that (a) the test product contains only excipients present in lamivudine IR solid oral drug products approved in the International Conference on Harmonization or associated countries in usual amounts and (b) the test product as well as the comparator product fulfills the BCS dissolution criteria for very rapidly dissolving; a biowaiver can be recommended for new lamivudine multisource IR products and major post-approval changes of marketed drug products.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jantratid
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dressman
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Midha
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stavchansky
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barends
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D005079:Excipients; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D012995:Solubility; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D019259:Lamivudine