title: Using ECT in schizophrenia: a review from a clinical perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the fact that many studies have addressed the use of ECT in schizophrenia questions on clinical use remain poorly answered and clinical application is largely based on data originating from depressed patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review data on the use of ECT in schizophrenic patients drawn from original studies indicated by a Pubmed search and referenced in recent and older expert reviews with a specific focus on four issues: symptom response, technical application, continuation/maintenance ECT and combination with medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catatonic patients are the most responsive. Positive symptoms such paranoid delusions and affective symptoms follow. There are indications that ECT may improve responsivity to medication. No particular technical features stand out in studies except lengthier courses, but not for catatonia. Combination with medication appears to be preferable over either treatment alone and effective combination particularly with clozapine is supported by data. Use of continuation and maintenance treatments in responders appears beneficial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain schizophrenic patients may benefit significantly from the use of ECT. More specific research is required to address particular questions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece. zerian@vivodinet.gr
authors.forename: Iannis M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Theleritis
authors.forename: Costantin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Soldatos
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002389:Catatonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine