title: Evaluation of pneumatic versus holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for impacted ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We prospectively analyzed and compared the effectiveness and complications of pneumatic lithotripter with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser for the ureterorenoscopic management of impacted ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2006 to January 2008, we performed retrograde endoscopic treatment in 288 patients with ureteral stones in our clinic. The patients with impacted stones were randomized into two groups according to the lithotripter used to fragment the stone: pneumatic (n = 40) and laser (n = 40). The preoperative, operative, and post-operative follow-up findings were analyzed and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average stone size was similar in both groups (118.8 ± 58.3 mm(2) vs. 110.7 ± 54.4 mm(2)). The calculi were located in the distal ureter in most of the patients in both groups (65% in pneumatic group and 52.5% in laser group). The operation time was significantly diminished in the laser group (P = 0.001). The stone-free rates after a single ureteroscopic procedure were 80 and 97.5% in the pneumatic and laser groups, respectively (P = 0.03). Auxiliary treatments were needed in seven patients in the pneumatic group, while only one patient in the laser group (P = 0.05) needed this treatment. After the additional procedures, a 100% success rate was achieved in both groups. The rate of double J stent insertion was significantly higher in the pneumatic group (P = 0.01). In the pneumatic group, four cases of stone up-migration and one case of post-operative stricture were seen, whereas only one case of stone up-migration was noted in the laser group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our comparative study has shown that the use of Ho:YAG as an intracorporeal lithotripter during ureteroscopic management of impacted ureteral stones is highly efficient with high success rates, regardless of the stone location.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. muratbinbay@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binbay
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tepeler
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tekinaslan
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sarilar
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baykal
authors.forename: Ahmet Yaser
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Muslumanoglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation