title: Dietary sodium intake among Canadian adults with and without hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Almost 30% of hypertension among Canadians may be attributed to excess dietary sodium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the average sodium intake of Canadians aged 30 years and over, with and without hypertension, by age, sex and diabetes status using 24-hour recall data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, Nutrition. We compared absolute (crude) average sodium intake levels of those with and without hypertension to the 2009 Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) guidelines and adjusted average sodium intake between those with and without hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both those with and without diagnosed hypertension display average sodium intakes well above the 1500 mg/day recommended by the 2009 CHEP guidelines (2950 mg/day and 3175 mg/day, respectively). After confounding adjustment, those with hypertension have significantly higher average sodium intake (p = .0124). Stratified subgroup analyses found the average sodium intake among those with hypertension was higher for men between 30 and 49 years old (p = .0265), women between 50 and 69 years old (p = .0083) and those without diabetes (p = .0071) when compared to their counterparts without hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Better approaches are needed to reduce sodium intake in hypertension patients, as well as the general population.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. yipu.shi@phac-aspc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Groh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vardy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary