title: Removal of benzidine from polluted water by soluble and immobilized peroxidase in batch processes and continuous horizontal bed reactor.
abstract: Bitter gourd peroxidase entrapped on calcium-alginate-starch beads was employed for the treatment of water, polluted with benzidine, in a batch process as well as in a continuous reactor. The immobilized enzyme had the same pH and temperature optima as the soluble enzyme. The immobilized enzyme could effectively remove more than 70% of benzidine in a stirred batch process after three hours. After its sixth repeated use, the immobilized enzyme was able to oxidatively degrade and polymerize 58% of benzidine. The horizontal bed reactor, containing the peroxidase entrapped on calcium-alginate-starch beads, retained more than 40% benzidine removal efficiency after one month of its continuous operation. The absorption spectra of the treated benzidine exhibited a marked difference in the absorption at various wavelengths, compared with untreated compound. The horizontal bed reactor containing immobilized peroxidase would be significantly successful for the large-scale treatment of water polluted with aromatic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
authors.forename: Zoheb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: Qayyum
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Husain
mesh_terms: D000433:1-Propanol; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D001560:Benzidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019149:Bioreactors; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000201:enzymology; D017830:Octoxynol; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011136:Polysorbates; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001560:Benzidines; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D011136:Polysorbates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C029876:benzidine; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D017830:Octoxynol; D013213:Starch; D000433:1-Propanol