title: Alkyl-methylimidazolium ionic liquids affect the growth and fermentative metabolism of Clostridium sp.
abstract: In this study, the effect of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][Ac], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate [EMIM][DEP], and 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate [MMIM][DMP] on the growth and glucose fermentation of Clostridium sp. was investigated. Among the three ionic liquids tested, [MMIM][DMP] was found to be least toxic. Growth of Clostridium sp. was not inhibited up to 2.5, 4 and 4 g L(-1) of [EMIM][Ac], [EMIM][DEP] and [MMIM][DMP], respectively. [EMIM][Ac] at <2.5 g L(-1), showed hormetic effect and stimulated the growth and fermentation by modulating medium pH. Total organic acid production increased in the presence of 2.5 and 2 g L(-1) of [EMIM][Ac] and [MMIM][DMP]. Ionic liquids had no significant influence on alcohol production at <2.5 g L(-1). Total gas production was affected by ILs at ≥ 2.5 g L(-1) and varied with type of methylimidazolium IL. Overall, the results show that the growth and fermentative metabolism of Clostridium sp. is not impacted by ILs at concentrations below 2.5 g L(-1).
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. yvn@igcar.gov.in
authors.forename: Y Venkata
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Nancharaiah
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D005947:Glucose