title: Transient focal cortical increase of interictal glucose metabolism in Sturge-Weber syndrome: implications for epileptogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical correlates and longitudinal course of interictal focal cortical glucose hypermetabolism in children with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans of 60 children (age range 3 months to 15.2 years) with Sturge-Weber syndrome and epilepsy were assessed prospectively and serially for focal hypo- or hypermetabolism. Thirty-two patients had two or more consecutive PET scans. Age, seizure variables, and the occurrence of epilepsy surgery were compared between patients with and without focal hypermetabolism. The severity of focal hypermetabolism was also assessed and correlated with seizure variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interictal cortical glucose hypermetabolism, ipsilateral to the angioma, was seen in nine patients, with the most common location in the frontal lobe. Age was lower in patients with hypermetabolism than in those without (p=0.022). In addition, time difference between the onset of first seizure and the first PET scan was much shorter in children with increased glucose metabolism than in those without (mean: 1.0 vs. 3.6 years; p=0.019). Increased metabolism was transient and switched to hypometabolism in all five children where follow-up scans were available. Focal glucose hypermetabolism occurred in 28% of children younger than the age of 2 years. Children with transient hypermetabolism had a higher rate of subsequent epilepsy surgery as compared to those without hypermetabolism (p=0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interictal glucose hypermetabolism in young children with SWS is most often seen within a short time before or after the onset of first clinical seizures, that is, the presumed period of epileptogenesis. Increased glucose metabolism detected by PET predicts future demise of the affected cortex based on a progressive loss of metabolism and may be an imaging marker of the most malignant cases of intractable epilepsy requiring surgery in SWS.
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Bálint
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alkonyi
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013341:Sturge-Weber Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose