title: Radiographic findings in the maxillary sinus: comparison of panoramic radiography with computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of radiographic signs of maxillary sinus pathology in patients undergoing dental implant treatment and to compare the efficacy of panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), and three-dimensional (3D) CT with Implametric software in the diagnosis of sinus pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients were selected at random from those being treatment-planned to receive implant-supported restorations in the maxilla and who had a panoramic radiograph, a conventional CT scan in acetate, and a 3D CT scan in digital format. The radiographic maxillary sinus findings were categorized as: (1) no sign of pathology, (2) mucosal thickening, (3) mucous cyst, or (4) occupation of the entire sinus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen women and 13 men were included, with a mean age of 50.9 years. There was a 38.3% prevalence of radiographic abnormalities (23.3% mucosal thickenings, 10% mucous cysts, and 5% occupation of the entire sinus). Of the 23 sinuses that displayed radiographic signs of pathology, only 1 (4.3%) was correctly diagnosed by the panoramic radiograph.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common radiographic maxillary sinus finding was mucosal thickening, followed by mucous cysts and occupation of the whole sinus. Conventional CT can be considered a reliable method for the diagnosis of maxillary sinus pathology.
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery and Implantology Program, Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maestre-Ferrín
authors.forename: Sónnica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galán-Gil
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrillo-García
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peñarrocha-Diago
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants