title: Consumption patterns and in vitro resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones.
abstract: This article analyzes patterns of consumption of fluoroquinolones and documents the in vitro resistances of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to fluoroquinolones in the ambulatory care setting in Belgium over time. The volume of fluoroquinolone consumption has fallen consistently since 2003. Fluoroquinolones were used primarily for their registered indications (i.e., urinary tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections). The MIC distributions of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in S. pneumoniae isolates remained stable during 2004 to 2009, and the level of resistance to moxifloxacin and levofloxacin was low (≤1%).
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmaco-Economics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing 2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 521, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. steven.simoens@pharm.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simoens
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhaegen
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Bleyenbergh
authors.forename: Willy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Peetermans
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Decramer
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin