title: C-telopeptide pyridinoline crosslinks of type I collagen, soluble RANKL, and osteoprotegerin levels in crevicular fluid of dental implants with peri-implantitis: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate levels of C-telopeptide pyridinoline crosslinks of type I collagen (ICTP), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the crevicular fluid of endosseous dental implants with the clinical diagnosis of peri-implantitis and to compare these with the crevicular fluid of clinically healthy implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were obtained from 18 root-type implants with peri-implantitis in 12 patients and 21 clinically healthy implants in 16 other patients. Modified Plaque Index, probing depths, Gingival Index, and bleeding on probing were recorded at the crevicular fluid sampling sites. ICTP, sRANKL, OPG, and albumin levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical and biochemical data were evaluated statistically using Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlations were used to determine relationships between the biochemical data and the clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duration of implant loading, peri-implant crevicular fluid volume, and all clinical periodontal measurements were significantly greater in the peri-implantitis group than in the clinically healthy group. Total amounts of ICTP were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group than in the healthy group. sRANKL concentrations, OPG total amounts, and OPG concentrations were significantly higher in the healthy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings suggest that local levels of ICTP and OPG reflect an increased risk of alveolar bone loss around dental implants, and their local levels may help to distinguish diseased and healthy sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Lappin
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000032:analysis*; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D015921:Dental Implants; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010455:Peptides; D053245:RANK Ligand; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide