title: A prospective 12-month study of the effect of smoking cessation on periodontal clinical parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this 12-month prospective study was to assess the adjunctive effect of smoking cessation in non-surgical periodontal therapy of subjects with severe chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 201 subjects enrolled from a smoking cessation clinic, 93 were eligible and received non-surgical periodontal treatment and concurrent smoking cessation treatment. Periodontal maintenance was performed every 3 months. Full-mouth periodontal examination in six sites per tooth was performed by a calibrated examiner, blinded to smoking status, at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Furthermore, expired air carbon monoxide concentration measurements and interviews based on a structured questionnaire were performed in order to collect demographic and smoking data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 93 eligible subjects, 52 remained in the study after 1 year. Of these, 17 quit smoking and 35 continued smoking or oscillated. After 1 year, only quitters presented significant clinical attachment gain (p=0.04). However, there were no differences between the groups regarding clinical attachment level, probing depth, bleeding on probing and plaque index after 1 year (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation promoted clinical attachment gain in chronic periodontitis subjects from a smoking cessation clinic after 1 year of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ecinele Francisca
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corraini
authors.forename: Verônica Franco
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Gislene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Elaine Fueta
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: João Paulo Becker
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lotufo
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Micheli
authors.forename: Cláudio Mendes
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pannuti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001944:Breath Tests; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000628:therapy*; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide