title: Spray drift as influenced by meteorological and technical factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to investigate spray drift from a conventional field sprayer as influenced by meteorological and technical factors, and to provide spray operators with data on which to base sound judgements when applying pesticides. The study was conducted in grazing fields and cereal crops.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interpreting the results from 15 field trials under varying meteorological conditions using different boom heights and driving speeds indicates that, during normal spraying conditions, the most decisive factors influencing the total spray drift (TSD) will be boom height and wind speed, followed by air temperature, driving speed and vapour pressure deficit. One important finding was that TSD (within the encompassed range of meteorological conditions and a boom height of 0.4 m) could be expressed as a simple function of the fraction of droplets ≤ 100 µm. In cereal crops: TSD = 0.36 + 0.11× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)] and in grazing fields, TSD = 1.02 + 0.10× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)]. In most cases a fraction of the airborne drift passed over the 6 m sampling mast located 5 m downwind of the spray swath.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under specified conditions, the present results indicate a simple relation between the total spray drift and volume fractions of droplets ≤ 100 µm. Given the nozzle type, it was concluded that the most decisive factors determining TSD are wind speed and boom height. Evaluating the relative importance of the meteorological and technical factors contributes to increasing knowledge in this field of research.
authors.affiliation: Division of Water Quality Management, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. tommy.arvidsson@mark.slu.se
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreuger
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis; D010571:Pest Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides