title: Uptake by dietary exposure and elimination of aflatoxins in muscle and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: Uptake and elimination of aflatoxins (AFs) by rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during a long-term (21 days) dietary exposure were studied to assess contamination by AFs in aquaculture fish fed AF-containing feed. The uptake factor (UF) of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in muscle ranged from 0.40 × 10(-3) to 1.30 × 10(-3). AFB(1) concentrations in liver were 165-342 times higher than in muscle. AFs from feed were more highly accumulated in liver than in muscle. Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) were detected in muscle and liver and also in the rearing water. AFL concentrations were higher than AFM(1) by 2 orders of magnitude in muscle, and AFL was a major metabolite of AFB(1). The elimination rate constants (α) of AFB(1) and AFL in muscle (1.83 and 2.02 day(-1), respectively) and liver (1.38 and 2.41 day(-1), respectively) were very large. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of AFB(1) was 0.38 days (9.12 h) in muscle and 0.50 days (12.00 h) in liver. The elimination half-life of AFL in muscle and liver was 0.34 day (8.16 h) and 0.29 day (6.96 h), respectively. These data show that AFs are eliminated rapidly and are not biomagnified in fish. Thus, AFB(1) concentration in muscle of fish fed AFB(1)-containing feed (ca. 500 μg/kg) decreased to below the detection limit (20 ng/kg) of the most sensitive analytical method at 1.54 days (36.96 h) after the change to uncontaminated feed.
authors.affiliation: Marine Ecology Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogiso
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaku
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chikasou
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watai
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins