title: Risk factors of familial pancreatic cancer in Japan: current smoking and recent onset of diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In western countries, 7% to 10% of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) have a familial predisposition to their disease. The aim of this study was to determine the familial susceptibility to PC in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred seventy-seven patients with PC and 577 age- and gender-matched controls were analyzed for cancer history in their first-degree relative(s) (FDRs) and demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with PC were more likely to have an FDR with PC (6.9%) than the controls (2.9%; odds ratio [OR], 2.5; P = 0.02). Three patients (0.5%), but none of the controls, had a family history of PC in multiple FDRs. Smoking, especially current smoking (OR, 1.5; P = 0.005), and diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.7, P = 0.001) were also associated with PC. The odds increased up to 10-fold if the patients were positive for these 3 factors. The patients with familial PC were more likely to be current smokers (40%) and to have diabetes mellitus (32.5%) than the sporadic cases (30.1% and 20.1%; OR, 1.6 and 1.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A family history of PC is a risk of PC in Japan (6.9%) as is a personal history of diabetes and smoking. It is prudent to inform the kindred of patients with familiar PC of the risk of smoking and to follow carefully if they develop diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan. h.matsubayashi@scchr.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanemoto
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uesaka
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hironaka
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Hisatomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikehara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goggins
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*