title: Development of the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (LSEQ).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Listening self-efficacy refers to the beliefs, or confidence, that listeners have in their capability to successfully listen in specific situations, which may influence audiologic rehabilitation outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Listening Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (LSEQ), which quantifies listening self-efficacy in a variety of situations where the goal of the listener is to understand speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  Older listeners with hearing loss (N = 169) participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A factor analysis showed that the LSEQ has three subscales, with beliefs about listening capabilities relating to the following situations: (1) dialogue in quiet, (2) focusing attention on a single source, and (3) complex auditory scenes. Internal consistency reliability was excellent (Chronbach's α > .80).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validity of the LSEQ was demonstrated by comparing the LSEQ scores to audiologic measures, responses on questionnaires, and to the scores for reference groups of younger and older listeners with normal hearing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that the LSEQ is a valid and reliable measure of listening self-efficacy with good potential for use in clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee, USA. sherri.smith@va.gov
authors.forename: Sherri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pichora-Fuller
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La More
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D032882:Comprehension; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D038781:Otoscopy; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult