title: [Foodborne outbreak associated with consumption of ultrapasteurized milk in the Republic of Paraguay].
abstract: During March 2007 there was an epidemic outbreak associated with the consumption of ultrapasteurized milk. Four hundred people were affected and 60 required hospitalization. S. aureus subspecies aureus was isolated from 5 patients, 3 operators and 3 milk samples. All strains produced enterotoxins. Strains isolated from 3 patients, one operator and all the milk samples carried the genes encoding enterotoxins C (sec) and D (sed), and showed an indistinguishable macrorestriction pattern (SmaI-PFGE). Milk was identified as the source of intoxication and a production line operator as the source of contamination. This is the first foodborne outbreak reported in Paraguay whose agent was isolated, characterized and subtypified in the production plant, the food and the affected people.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bacteriología y Micología, Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de la República del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay. natalieweiler@gmail.com
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Gerardo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Leotta
authors.forename: Mirian N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Zárate
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Mercedes E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003030:Coagulase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D010239:Paraguay; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000209:etiology; D013202:Staphylococcal Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003030:Coagulase; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins; C019368:enterotoxin D, Staphylococcal; C034959:enterotoxin C, staphylococcal