title: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its comorbidities.
abstract: Systemic consequences and associated comorbidities are highly prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and have a strong impact on morbidity and mortality. This review examines their prevalence and clinical features, and discusses the pathogenic mechanisms, prognosis and implications for therapy.
authors.forename: Roberto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rabinovich
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: MacNee
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy