title: CD8+ lymphocyte depletion without SIV infection does not produce metabolic changes or pathological abnormalities in the rhesus macaque brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and persistent CD8(+) lymphocyte depletion rapidly leads to encephalitis and neuronal injury. The objective of this study is to confirm that CD8 depletion alone does not induce brain lesions in the absence of SIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four rhesus macaques were monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) before and biweekly after anti-CD8 antibody treatment for 8 weeks and compared with four SIV-infected animals. Post-mortem immunohistochemistry was performed on these eight animals and compared with six uninfected, non-CD8-depleted controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD8-depleted animals showed stable metabolite levels and revealed no neuronal injury, astrogliosis or microglial activation in contrast to SIV-infected animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations observed in MRS and lesions in this accelerated model of neuroAIDS result from unrestricted viral expansion in the setting of immunodeficiency rather than from CD8(+) lymphocyte depletion alone.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Division and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
authors.forename: E-M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ratai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilkenton
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bombardier
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.forename: W-K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Burdo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Autissier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annamalai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Westmoreland
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masliah
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilberto González
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion / Q000662:veterinary*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D011522:Protons; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011522:Protons; D016708:Synaptophysin