title: Association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the VEGF gene with the risk of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein plays an important role in tumor development and progression. Polymorphisms in the VEGF gene may lead to over- or underexpression of the protein and may be associated with either risk or progression of malignancy. The aim of this case-control study is to identify and quantify the correlation between VEGF polymorphisms and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used for the analysis of VEGF polymorphisms at -2578 and +936 positions in the promoter and 3'-untranslated regions, respectively. The VEGF -2578 A-allele was associated with an increased risk of RCC (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.3) and A-carrier genotypes were strongly correlated (odds ratio: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.5-4.7) with higher risk. Comparison of VEGF +936 C/T polymorphism between patient and control groups revealed no association with renal carcinoma. Both VEGF -2578 C/A and VEGF +936 C/T polymorphisms showed no significant association with the histopathological parameters of RCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that VEGF -2578 A-allele and A-carrier genotypes are associated with an increased risk of RCC. In groups with higher incidence of RCC, a screening test for this polymorphism may be recommended in conjunction with other established markers.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ajaz
authors.forename: Shagufta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khaliq
authors.forename: Aiysha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.forename: Asad Shehzad
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Altaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Gauhar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Rehan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mubarrak
authors.forename: Syed Ali Anwar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.forename: Syed Adib-ul-Hasan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: Syed Qasim
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Mehdi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A