title: Substance use comorbidity among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric illness.
abstract: There is considerable concern about the emergence of significant substance abuse among younger veterans of war in the Middle East, especially among those with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but little information exists on the magnitude of this problem. Using national administrative data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) (n = 1,001,996), we examined rates of diagnosed substance use disorders in Veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan diagnosed with PTSD compared to other psychiatric disorders; and compared rates among veterans of other service eras. Of VA patients with a selected mental disorder, 21.0% had a comorbid substance diagnosis. Veterans who served in the post-Vietnam era (VET) (1973-1991) had the highest rates of comorbidity. Logistic regression models indicated that veterans with each selected psychiatric diagnosis were significantly more likely to be dually diagnosed in comparison to veterans with PTSD; post-Vietnam veterans were significantly more likely to be dually diagnosed than veterans from other eras. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are most strongly associated with dual diagnosis in OEF/OIF (Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom) veterans. There are high rates of substance use disorders among veterans with mental illness. The highest rates of comorbidity occur among those with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia; and in post-VET veterans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. ismene.petrakis@yale.edu
authors.forename: Ismene L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Petrakis
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenheck
authors.forename: Rani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D047829:Vietnam Conflict