title: Circulating inflammation markers and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Factors contributing to chronic inflammation appear to be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between circulating levels of inflammation mediators and subsequent risk of ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study of 230 cases and 432 individually matched controls nested within three prospective cohorts to evaluate the association of prediagnostic circulating levels of inflammation-related biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, TNFα, IL-1Ra, sIL-1RII, sIL-2Ra, sIL-4R, sIL-6R, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2) measured using Luminex xMap technology with risk of ovarian cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a trend across quartiles for IL-2 (OR(Q4 vs. Q1): 1.57, 95% CI: 0.98-2.52, P = 0.07), IL-4 (OR(Q4 vs. Q1): 1.50, 95% CI: 0.95-2.38, P = 0.06), IL-6 (OR(Q4 vs. Q1): 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03-2.58, P = 0.03), IL-12p40 (OR(Q4 vs. Q1): 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02-2.51, P = 0.06), and IL-13 (OR(Q4 vs. Q1): 1.42, 95% CI: 0.90-2.26, P = 0.11). Trends were also observed when cytokines were modeled on the continuous scale for IL-4 (P trend = 0.01), IL-6 (P trend = 0.01), IL-12p40 (P trend = 0.01), and IL-13 (P trend = 0.04). ORs were not materially different after excluding cases diagnosed less than 5 years after blood donation or when limited to serous tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first direct evidence that multiple inflammation markers, specifically IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-13, may be associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, and adds to the evidence that inflammation is involved in the development of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Tess.Clendenen@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Tess V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Clendenen
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukanova
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lokshin
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idahl
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohlson
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieri
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muti
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marrangoni
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nolen
authors.forename: Mengling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Shore
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines