title: 9-oxo-10(E),12(E)-Octadecadienoic acid derived from tomato is a potent PPAR α agonist to decrease triglyceride accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes.
abstract: METHODS
  Tomato is one of the most common crops worldwide and contains many beneficial compounds that improve abnormalities of lipid metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of tomato on lipid metabolism is unclear. It has been commonly accepted that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is one of the most important targets for ameliorating abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Therefore, we focused on the activation of PPARα and attempted to detect active compounds activating PPARα in tomato.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To identify such active compounds, we screened fractions of tomato extracts using PPARα luciferase reporter assay. One fraction, rechromatographed-fraction eluted in 57 min (RF57), significantly increased PPARα reporter activity, in which a single compound is detected by LC/MS analysis. On the basis of LC/MS and NMR analyses, we determined the chemical structure of the active compound in RF57 as 9-oxo-10(E),12(E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxo-ODA). The RF57 fraction significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and O(2) consumption in mouse primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, RF57 inhibited cellular triglyceride accumulation in the hepatocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that tomatoes containing 9-oxo-ODA that acts on PPARα are valuable for ameliorating abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Young-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Haruya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohyane
authors.forename: Taneaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsugane
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inai
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000517:prevention & control; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007536:Isomerism; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008042:Linolenic Acids; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; C062143:9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid