title: Clinical characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring BRAF mutations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  BRAF mutations occur in non-small-cell lung cancer. Therapies targeting BRAF mutant tumors have recently been identified. We undertook this study to determine the clinical characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinomas harboring BRAF mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed data from consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma whose tumors underwent BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS mutation testing as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization for ALK rearrangements. Patient characteristics including age, sex, race, performance status, smoking history, stage, treatment history, and overall survival were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 697 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, BRAF mutations were present in 18 patients (3%; 95% CI, 2% to 4%). The BRAF mutations identified were V600E (50%), G469A (39%), and D594G (11%). Mutations in EGFR were present in 24%, KRAS in 25%, and ALK translocations in 6%. In contrast to patients with EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements who were mostly never smokers, all patients with BRAF mutations were current or former smokers (P < .001). The median overall survival of advanced-stage patients with BRAF mutations was not reached. In comparison, the median overall survival of patients with EGFR mutations was 37 months (P = .73), with KRAS mutations was 18 months (P = .12), and with ALK rearrangements was not reached (P = .64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BRAF mutations occur in 3% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and occur more commonly in current and former smokers. The incidence of BRAF mutations other than V600E is significantly higher in lung cancer than in melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arcila
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fara
authors.forename: Camelia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kris
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladanyi
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Riely
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: C522504:EML4-ALK fusion protein, human; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf