title: Factors of importance for self-reported mental health and depressive symptoms among ages 60-75 in urban Iran and Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is a common experience affecting 121 million people around the world. In high income countries, depression is one of the most common psychiatric conditions among the elderly. Studies show that immigrants are particularly at risk for mental ill health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the self-reported mental health among two Iranian groups; one born and residing in Iran and one consisting of Iranian immigrants in Sweden, as well as native Swedes living in Sweden. The study also aims to explore and compare self-reported depressive symptoms among three groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is based on a cross-sectional design measuring self-reported health with a study specific questionnaire. The programme SPSS V.17.0 was used for all statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1088 participants were approached (668 Iranians in Iran; 105 immigrated Iranians in Sweden; and 305 Swedes in Sweden). Factors effecting self-reported mental health was self-reported health, smoking, satisfaction with social life and also a sense of connection to ones cultural roots and traditions. Also demographic variables such as group belonging (Swedes vs. Iranians), sex and satisfaction with Income were shown to be important when performing the regression analysis. In the chi-square analysis the Iranian samples reported depressive symptoms to a larger extent than the Swedish group in all aspects of self-reported depressive symptoms. Self-reported depressive symptoms were reported to a greater extend in women compared to men. Our findings indicate that the Iranian populations living in both Tehran and Stockholm report depressive symptoms to an extent that merits concern. The findings indicate that Iranians living in Tehran and Iranians who have immigrated to Sweden require more attention regarding mental health care. Health care providers in both countries should be aware of the current state of mental health among Iranians in both Sweden and Iran.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. pardis.momeni@ki.se
authors.forename: Pardis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Momeni
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wettergren
authors.forename: Mesfin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tessma
authors.forename: Sadat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maddah
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013548:Sweden