title: Acute acalculous cholecystitis-like phenotype in scavenger receptor A knock-out mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is a major health problem in the United States that affects more than three-quarters of a million people every year. Previous studies have shown that scavenger receptor A (Sra), also known as macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (Msr1), is a modifier of interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression after injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, we investigated the response to sepsis in Sra knock out mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6J (B6) (n = 88) and Sra (-/-) mice (n = 88) were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) using 18G or 16G needles, sham operation, or non-operated controls. At the end, mice were autopsied for the determination of abnormalities after the procedure. Cytokine gene expression was examined in lung and liver samples by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and circulating cholesterol levels were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sra (-/-) mice displayed an enlargement of the gallbladder after CLP that was not detected in sham or non-operated mice or in B6 mice (wild-type) after CLP. The enlarged gallbladder resembles a condition of acute acalculous cholecystitis observed in humans. Sra (-/-) mice presented high cholesterol levels in circulation as opposed to wild type B6 mice. Moreover, Sra (-/-) mice exhibited a reduction in IL-10 mRNA levels in lungs compared to wild-type B6 mice after CLP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of acute acalculous cholecystitis may be the combination of pre-existing conditions, such as hypercholesterolemia associated with a defect in Sra (Msr1) and a robust inflammation induced by sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: Donghuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hawisher
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Diego F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Nino
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cauvi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Maio
mesh_terms: D042101:Acalculous Cholecystitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D008026:Ligation; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A / Q000235:genetics*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002784:Cholesterol