title: Microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development in the absence of oral hygiene in periodontal health and disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor microbial shifts during dental biofilm re-development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supra- and subgingival plaque samples were taken separately from 28 teeth in 38 healthy and 17 periodontitis subjects at baseline and immediately after tooth cleaning. Samples were taken again from seven teeth in randomly selected quadrants during 1, 2, 4 and 7 days of no oral hygiene. Samples were analysed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Species counts were averaged within subjects at each time point. Significant differences in the counts between healthy and periodontitis subjects were determined using the Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total supra- and subgingival counts were significantly higher in periodontitis on entry and reached or exceeded the baseline values after day 2. Supragingival counts of Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii and Neisseria mucosa increased from 2 to 7 days. Subgingival counts were greater for Actinomyces, green and orange complex species. Significant differences between groups in supragingival counts occurred for 17 of 41 species at entry, 0 at day 7; for subgingival plaque, these values were 39/41 taxa at entry, 17/41 at day 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supragingival plaque re-development was similar in periodontitis and health, but subgingival species recolonization was more marked in periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Naciye G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Uzel
authors.forename: Flavia R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Ricardo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Xiaoging Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Gay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torresyap
authors.forename: Sigmund S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Socransky
authors.forename: Anne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Haffajee
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042807:Neisseria mucosa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000382:microbiology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D016745:Root Planing; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014678:Veillonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial