title: Signaling molecules for early detection of adverse interactions during mechanical ventilation in animal models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The early identification of adverse interactions during mechanical ventilation, investigated by multiplexed immunoanalysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty piglets (average age 7 weeks, weight 23 kg) were intubated and divided into groups: A, spontaneously breathing; B, protectively ventilated; C, ventilated with injurious strategy; D, ventilated with lung disability. At the 1st hour (time-1) and 12th hour (time-2) of the study, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), intercellular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (Il-6) were analyzed in the blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injurious ventilated group C exhibited an increase in both cell adhesion molecules (p<0.01), TNF-alpha and BNP (p<0.05) at time-1, and at time-2 further increases (p<0.05). In group D, an increase in ICAM-1 and BNP (p<0.05) at time-1, and increases in Il-6 and ICAM-1 (p<0.05) at time-2, with notable decreases in urine output were observed. Overall, the lung damage correlated with TNF-alpha (r=0.904), Il-6 (r=0.740), and ICAM-1 (r=0.756) levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All five monitored molecules quickly and reliably signaled adverse interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic. kobr@fnplzen.cz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pizingerova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fremuth
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sasek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kocova
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Racek
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Topolcan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1