title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administrations of 10 mg/kg body weight (bw). Plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic characterization was performed by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonlin program. After intravenous administration, distribution was wide with the volume of distribution based on terminal phase(V(z)) of 4.27 ± 0.99 L /kg. Mean valnemulin t(1/2β)(h), Cl(β)(L /h /kg), V(ss)(L /kg) and AUC((0-∞))(μg·h /mL) values were 2.85, 0.99, 2.72 and 10.34, respectively. After intramuscular administration, valnemulin was rapidly absorbed with a C(max) of 2.2 μg/mL achieved at 0.43 h (t(max)), and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 88.81%; and for the oral route the same parameters were 0.66 ± 0.15 μg/mL, 1.54 ± 0.27 h and 74.42%. A multiple-peak phenomenon was present after oral administration. The plasma profile of valnemulin exhibited a secondary peak during 2-6 h and a tertiary peak at 32 h. The favorable PK behavior, such as the wide distribution, slow elimination and acceptable bioavailability indicated that it is likely to be effective in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: L X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004224:Diterpenes; C117845:valnemulin