title: Genomic signatures of cancer: basis for individualized risk assessment, selective staging and therapy.
abstract: The development of DNA microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technologies has allowed for precise quantitation of RNA expression of hundreds to thousands of genes. These technologies have significantly impacted the study and understanding of cancer in terms of its molecular and genetic characteristics. In this review article, breast cancer, colon cancer, and adrenal carcinoma have been chosen to illustrate the principle and techniques of genomic profiling and to illustrate how such methods may be used to develop genomic signatures for personalized risk assessment and to individualize patient treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California 94115, USA. rick.baehner@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Baehner
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Demeure
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bussey
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015415:Biomarkers; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D057285:Precision Medicine; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers