title: Associations of personality profiles with various aspects of well-being: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Well-being consists of affective and non-affective components. Personality traits measure individual differences in adaptive functioning and mental health. In a previous Israeli study personality was strongly associated with well-being. However, it is not well known which aspects of this association are culture-specific, and which are common to most cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  1940 volunteer participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns (CRYF) study completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PSS). Questions about positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, and subjective health were also included. Multidimensional personality profiles were used to evaluate the linear and non-linear effects of interactions among dimensions on different aspects of well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-directedness was strongly associated with all aspects of well-being regardless of interactions with other dimensions. Cooperativeness was also associated with several aspects of well-being but especially strongly with perceived social support. Self-transcendence was associated with both positive and negative affect when the influence of the other character dimensions was taken into account. Personality explained half the variance in non-affective well-being and two thirds of the variance in affective well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The same assessment instruments were not used in the two countries we compared. Our data were cross-sectional.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-directedness and Cooperativeness are positively associated with well-being regardless of culture. The effect of Self-transcendence, however, seems to be culture-specific. Self-transcendence increases positive affect but, based on culture, it can also increase negative affect.
authors.affiliation: IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.forename: C Robert
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cloninger
authors.forename: Mirka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hintsanen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulkki-Råback
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keltikangas-Järvinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D002605:Character; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012306:Risk; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult