title: Oligosaccharides in 4 different milk groups, Bifidobacteria, and Ruminococcus obeum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify a link between the total amount of breast milk oligosaccharides and faecal microbiota composition of newborns at the end of the first month of life, with special attention paid to bifidobacteria, and establish the role, if any, of the different oligosaccharides in determining the gut microbiota composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Milk oligosaccharide groups were identified by high-performance anion exchange chromatography analysis. DPCRNA from newborns' faecal samples at 30 days of life was isolated and processed by polymerase chain reaction analyses that allow the identification of 6 species of bifidobacteria (adolescentis, bifidum, breve, catenulatum, longum, infantis) and Ruminococcus spp; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No substantial differences in bifidobacteria species composition within milk groups 1, 2, and 3 were observed; however, infants fed with group 4 milk show a microbiota characterised by a greater frequency of Bifidobacteria adolescentis and the absence of Bifidobacteria catenulatum. For the first time, a high percentage of the Ruminococcus genus in infants fed with all milk groups was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that milk groups 1, 2, and 3, containing an amount of oligosaccharides ranging within 10 to 15 g/L, share a substantially identical composition of the intestinal microbiota in breast-fed infants, despite quali-quantitative difference in oligosaccharides content. Newborns taking milk with only 5 g/L of oligosaccharides (group 4) harbour a different intestinal microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ospedali Riuniti, Presidio Salesi, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Coppa
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zampini
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ficcadenti
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padella
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soldi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlucci
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertino
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D045857:Ruminococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial