title: Percutaneous ankaferd injection to in vivo liver tissue in comparison to ethanol in an experimental rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous ethanol injection is an established management of nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of its high effectiveness and minimal invasiveness. However, ethanol has many disadvantages like less anti-tumoral necrotic effectivity, unequal permeation and local diffusion. The aim of this study is to compare hepatic tissue effects of percutaneous Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) injection in comparison to ethanol in rat liver tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one healthy rats were randomly divided into three groups, each containing seven animals. Group I received 0.1cm(3) percutaneous injection of isotonic saline, group II received 0.1cm(3) ethanol, and group III received 0.1cm(3) ABS. At the 5th day, the livers were dissected. Macroscopic and histopathological features of the liver lesions were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the rats in the group I and II lived during study period; one rat died in the ABS group. Macroscopic pale yellow coloration was observed within 2 minutes in both ethanol and ABS groups. Necrosis was observed in both Group II and III. The necrosis volumes of the ABS group (volume: 1475.00 ± 697.16 cm(3)) were significantly higher than the ethanol group (volume: 60.714 ± 26.277 cm(3)) (P=0.002). In the histopathological analyses of the liver tissues, aggregated erythrocytes in sinusoidal spaces and bile duct proliferation have been detected in ABS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABS may be considered as a possible percutaneous treatment in HCC instead of or as an alternative to ethanol. With its unique hemostatic actions and the safety profile, ABS can be considered as a useful novel agent for the percutaneous therapy of HCC instead of ethanol in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. dradnantas@gmail.com
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taş
authors.forename: Seyfettin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Köklü
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beyazit
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: H Müzeyyen
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Astarcı
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akbal
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koçak
authors.forename: Güler
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Topçu
authors.forename: Ibrahim C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Haznedaroglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C539751:ankaferd blood stopper; D000431:Ethanol