title: Effects of intermittent and chronic calorie restriction on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and IGF-I signaling pathways in mammary fat pad tissues and mammary tumors.
abstract: Chronic calorie restriction (CCR) prevents mammary tumor (MT) development in rodents. We reported that intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) provides greater protection than CCR in MMTV-TGF-α mice. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is involved in MT development. Here the impact of ICR versus CCR on proteins associated with mTOR signaling in mammary tissues and MTs from MMTV-TGF-α mice was determined. Mice were enrolled at 10 wk of age into ad libitum-fed (AL), CCR, and ICR groups and followed until 37/38 or 73/74 wk of age. Time points 37 and 73 followed 3 wk of 50% restriction for ICR mice, while 38 and 74 followed 1 wk of refeeding of ICR mice. Calorie restriction reduced serum IGF-I levels except for older CCR mice. At 37/38 wk, calorie restriction decreased mTOR, p70S6K, HIF-1, EGFR, and Erk protein activation and increased p4EBP1 and VEGF in mammary fat pads. At 73/74 wk, both modes of calorie restriction lowered IGF-I protein expression levels and Akt activation in MTs and mammary fat pads, and CCR increased mTOR, p70S6K, p4EBP1, and HIF-1 expression. ICR had inconsistent effects on these proteins in older mice. These results indicate that mTOR signaling proteins are modulated by age and type of calorie restriction.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA.
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Anna C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Johannsen
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Margot P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cleary
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008322:Mammals / Q000378:metabolism; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; C519530:insulin-like growth factor-1, mouse; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases