title: Proliferative activity in human breast cancer: Ki-67 automated evaluation and the influence of different Ki-67 equivalent antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 LI), the percentage Ki67 immunoreactive cells, is a measure of tumor proliferation, with important clinical relevance in breast cancer, and it is extremely important to standardize its evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of computer assisted image analysis (CAIA) applied to completely digitized slides and to assess its feasibility in routine practice and compare the results obtained using two different Ki67 monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  315 consecutive breast cancer routinely immunostained for Ki-67 (223 with SP6 and 92 with MM1 antibodies previously examined by an experienced pathologist, have been re-evaluated using Aperio Scanscope Xs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean human Ki67 LI values were 36%± 14.% and 28% ± 18% respectively for SP6 and MM1 antibodies; mean CAM Ki67 LI values were 31%± 19% and 22% ± 18% respectively for SP6 and MM1. Human and CAIA evaluation are statistically highly correlated (Pearson: 0.859, p<0.0001), although human LI are systematically higher. An interobserver variation study on CAIA performed on 84 cases showed that the correlation between the two evaluations was linear to an excellent degree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that a) CAIA can be easily adopted in routine practice, b) human and CAIA Ki67 LI are highly correlated, although human LI are systematically higher, c) Ki67 LI using different evaluation methods and different antibodies shows important differences in cut-off values.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Surgical Pathology, S, Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fasanella
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantaloni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eccher
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bazzanella
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aldovini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bragantini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Cuorvo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasperetti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berlanda
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dalla Palma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbareschi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000592:standards*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen