title: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), anti-TNF-α and demyelination revisited: an ongoing story.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine with pleiotropic actions that can be present both as a transmembrane protein and soluble cytokine (sTNF). Both ligands interact with two different receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which mediate their biological effects. TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), however, administration of anti-TNF-α agents to MS patients has been associated with increased disease activity. Insomuch as TNFR1 mediates demyelination and TNFR2 remyelination, it could be hypothesized that anti-TNF-α agents which selectively inhibit sTNF or signals from TNFR1 could be effective in treating MS.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Avila, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caminero
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comabella
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Montalban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000628:therapy*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha