title: SU5416 and EGCG work synergistically and inhibit angiogenic and survival factors and induce cell cycle arrest to promote apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE2 cells.
abstract: Malignant neuroblastomas are solid tumors in children. Available therapeutic agents are not highly effective for treatment of malignant neuroblastomas. Therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. We tested the efficacy of combination of SU5416 (SU), an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound from green tea, for controlling growth of human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE2 cells. Combination of 20 μM SU and 50 μM EGCG synergistically inhibited cell survival, suppressed expression of VEGFR-2, inhibited cell migration, caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis. Combination of SU and EGCG effectively blocked angiogenic and survival pathways and modulated expression of cell cycle regulators. Apoptosis was induced by down regulation of Bcl-2, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Taken together, this combination of drugs can be a promising therapeutic strategy for controlling the growth of human malignant neuroblastoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Surajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karmakar
authors.forename: Naren L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Banik
authors.forename: Swapan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D007211:Indoles; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011758:Pyrroles; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C116890:Semaxinib; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2