title: Sonochemical and sonocatalytic degradation of monolinuron in water.
abstract: The degradation of the phenylurea monolinuron (MLN) by ultrasound irradiation alone and in the presence of TiO(2) was investigated in aqueous solution. The experiments were carried out at low and high frequency (20 and 800 kHz) in complete darkness. The degradation of MLN by ultrasounds occurred mainly by a radical pathway, as shown the inhibitory effect of adding tert-butanol and bicarbonate ions to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. However, CO(3)(-) radicals were formed with bicarbonate and reacted in turn with MLN. In this study, the degradation rate of MLN and the rate constant of H(2)O(2) formation were used to evaluate the oxidative sonochemical efficiency. It was shown that ultrasound efficiency was improved in the presence of nanoparticles of TiO(2) and SiO(2) only at 20 kHz. These particles provide nucleation sites for cavitation bubbles at their surface, leading to an increase in the number of bubbles when the liquid is irradiated by ultrasound, thereby enhancing sonochemical reaction yield. In the case of TiO(2), sonochemical efficiency was found to be greater than with SiO(2) for the same mass introduced. In addition to the increase in the number of cavitation bubbles, activated species may be formed at the TiO(2) surface that promote the formation of H(2)O(2) and the decomposition of MLN.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologie de l'Environnement, Université de Mentouri-Constantine, Algeria. Razika_Zouaghi@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Razika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zouaghi
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suptil
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Djebbar
authors.forename: Ameur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boutiti
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guittonneau
mesh_terms: D008044:Linuron / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008044:Linuron; D014867:Water; C030651:monolinuron