title: Structural protein 4.1R is integrally involved in nuclear envelope protein localization, centrosome-nucleus association and transcriptional signaling.
abstract: The multifunctional structural protein 4.1R is required for assembly and maintenance of functional nuclei but its nuclear roles are unidentified. 4.1R localizes within nuclei, at the nuclear envelope, and in cytoplasm. Here we show that 4.1R, the nuclear envelope protein emerin and the intermediate filament protein lamin A/C co-immunoprecipitate, and that 4.1R-specific depletion in human cells by RNA interference produces nuclear dysmorphology and selective mislocalization of proteins from several nuclear subcompartments. Such 4.1R-deficiency causes emerin to partially redistribute into the cytoplasm, whereas lamin A/C is disorganized at nuclear rims and displaced from nucleoplasmic foci. The nuclear envelope protein MAN1, nuclear pore proteins Tpr and Nup62, and nucleoplasmic proteins NuMA and LAP2α also have aberrant distributions, but lamin B and LAP2β have normal localizations. 4.1R-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts show a similar phenotype. We determined the functional effects of 4.1R-deficiency that reflect disruption of the association of 4.1R with emerin and A-type lamin: increased nucleus-centrosome distances, increased β-catenin signaling, and relocalization of β-catenin from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Furthermore, emerin- and lamin-A/C-null cells have decreased nuclear 4.1R. Our data provide evidence that 4.1R has important functional interactions with emerin and A-type lamin that impact upon nuclear architecture, centrosome-nuclear envelope association and the regulation of β-catenin transcriptional co-activator activity that is dependent on β-catenin nuclear export.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Dynamics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Almendrala
authors.forename: Minjoung M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Sharon Wald
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D034904:Lamin Type A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D034904:Lamin Type A; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C092710:emerin; C028841:erythrocyte membrane band 4.1 protein