title: A FGFR2 inhibitor, Ki23057, enhances the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify the ability of a FGFR2 inhibitor, Ki23057, to enhance the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cell lines when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cancer cell lines resistant to irinotecan (SN38), paclitaxel (PTX), etoposide (VP16), oxaliplatin (OXA), and gemcitabine (GEM) were respectively established from a parent gastric cancer cell line, OCUM-2M, and were named OCUM-2M/SN38, OCUM-2M/PTX, OCUM-2M/VP16, OCUM-2M/OXA, and OCUM-2M/GEM. The effects of the combination of Ki23057 with anticancer drugs on proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ki23057 significantly decreased the IC(50) values of OCUM-2M/SN38, OCUM-2M/PTX, and OCUM-2M/VP16, but not those of OCUM-2M/OXA and OCUM-2M/GEM. Ki23057 significantly enhanced the apoptosis rates induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in both the drug-resistant cell lines and the parental cell line. Ki23057 decreased the ERCC1 expression level in OCUM-2M/SN38, OCUM-2M/PTX, and OCUM-2M/VP16. Ki23057 increased the p53 expression level in OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-2M/PTX, but not in OCUM-2M/VP16.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FGFR2 inhibitor Ki23057 might be therapeutically promising for treating drug-resistant gastric cancer cells, especially when used in combination with SN38, PTX, or VP16. The apoptosis process might be the main mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of these combinations. The ERCC1 and p53 genes may play an integral role in the synergism between Ki23057 and chemotherapeutic agents in drug-resistant cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Oncology Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: m9312510@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, School of Oncology, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C515425:Ki23057; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D011804:Quinolines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005047:Etoposide; D000077146:Irinotecan; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002166:Camptothecin; D000093542:Gemcitabine