title: Bulk and surface magnetization of Co atoms in rutile Ti(1-x)Co(x)O(2-δ) thin films revealed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.
abstract: We have studied magnetism in Ti(1-x)Co(x)O(2-δ) thin films with various x and δ by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at the Co L(2, 3) absorption edges. The estimated ferromagnetic moment by XMCD was 0.15-0.24 µ(B)/Co at the surface, while in the bulk it was 0.82-2.25 µ(B)/Co, which is in the same range as the saturation magnetization of 1.0-1.5 µ(B)/Co. These results suggest an intrinsic origin of the ferromagnetism. The smaller moment of the Co atom at the surface is an indication of a magnetically dead layer of a few nanometers thick at the surface of the thin films.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. vijayraj@wyvern.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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authors.lastname: Singh
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authors.lastname: Kobayashi
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authors.lastname: Lin
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authors.lastname: Toyosaki
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authors.lastname: Fukumura
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authors.lastname: Kawasaki