title: Tensile bond strength of lingual orthodontic brackets with adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study in vitro the bond strength of three adhesive systems on lingual brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five extracted human mandibular premolars were randomly divided into three groups of 15 specimens each. All brackets (Stealth lingual brackets) were bonded with Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive. In group 1, the conventional primer was used; in group 2, Transbond Moisture Insensitive Primer was employed; and in group 3, an antimicrobial self-etching primer (Clearfil Protect Bond) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest mean bond strength values were observed when Clearfil Protect Bond (13.54 ± 0.58 MPa) was used and the lowest after applying the conventional Transbond XT primer (6.41 ± 0.43 MPa). The mean bond strength in group 2 was 8.20 ± 0.50 MPa, which was significantly higher than that of group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides its antimicrobial effect, Clearfil Protect Bond results in high bond strength values. Therefore, this product might be preferable when bonding lingual brackets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. cumhurtu@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: Çağri
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D001641:Bicuspid; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C516047:Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer; C458821:Transbond moisture-insensitive primer; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; C030242:phosphoric acid