title: Dental radiographic indicators, a key to age estimation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present review article is aimed at describing the radiological methods utilized for human age identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  The application and importance of radiological methods in human age assessment was discussed through the literature survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a literature search, 46 articles were included in the study and the relevant information is depicted in the article. Dental tissue is often preserved indefinitely after death. Implementation of radiography is based on the assessment of the extent of calcification of teeth and in turn the degree of formation of crown and root structures, along with the sequence and the stages of eruption. Several radiological techniques can be used to assist in both individual and general identification, including determination of gender, ethnic group and age. The radiographic method is a simpler and cheaper method of age identification compared with histological and biochemical methods. Radiographic and tomographic images have become an essential aid for human identification in forensic dentistry, particularly with the refinement of techniques and the incorporation of information technology resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on an appropriate knowledge of the available methods, forensic dentists can choose the most appropriate since the validity of age estimation crucially depends on the method used and its proper application. The multifactorial approach will lead to optimum age assessment. The legal requirements also have to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SPD College & Hospital, DMIMSU, Sawangi-M, Wardha, India. artipanch@gmail.com
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Panchbhai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000366:Age Determination by Teeth / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005553:Forensic Dentistry; D006801:Humans; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000254:growth & development; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D014074:Tooth Calcification; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000254:growth & development; D014078:Tooth Eruption; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000254:growth & development