title: Acquired resistance to Listeria monocytogenes during a secondary infection in a murine model fed dietary lipids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can suppress immune system functions. This property may cause adverse effects by impairing host resistance to infection. The present study focused on estimating the impact of different dietary lipids on the immune system of mice after a secondary infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were divided into five dietary groups of olive oil, fish oil, sunflower oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, or low fat that was administered for 8 wk. The mice were immunized with 10(3) colony-forming units. Thirty-eight days later, each mouse was challenged with 10(4) colony-forming units. Mice survival and bacterial clearance from livers and spleens were determined. In addition, cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule productions were quantified from the sera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival percentage in mice fed a fish oil diet was 100% and bacterial numbers from spleen were decreased at 72 h. Interleukin-12, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 productions were decreased. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were increased, whereas macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) production was unaltered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immune defense in mice fed a fish oil diet was improved after secondary exposure, acquiring an adequate resistance. This result could be attributable to an increase of a T-helper type 1 response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cruz-Chamorro
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puertollano
authors.forename: Gerardo Álvarez
authors.initials: GÁ
authors.lastname: de Cienfuegos
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Puertollano
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Pablo
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000276:immunology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000276:immunology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007114:Immunization; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D018664:Interleukin-12; D019301:Oleic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma