title: Molecular mechanisms of T-cell tolerance.
abstract: CD4(+) T cells are the master regulators of adaptive immune responses, and many autoimmune diseases arise due to a breakdown of self-tolerance in CD4(+) T cells. Activation of CD4(+) T cells is regulated by not only the binding of peptide-major histocompatibility complexes to T-cell receptor but also costimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells. Recently, there has been progress in understanding the extracellular and intracellular mechanisms that are required for implementation and maintenance of T-cell tolerance. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying T-cell tolerance will lead to development of pharmacological approaches either to promote the tolerance state in terms of autoimmunity or to break tolerance in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Roza I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Nurieva
authors.forename: Xindong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell