title: Salivary biomarkers of periodontal disease in response to treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary biomarkers of periodontitis were assessed longitudinally to determine response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-month case-controlled study of adults with chronic periodontitis was performed, with 33 participants receiving oral hygiene instructions (OHI) alone and 35 with scaling and root planing (SRP) combined with OHI. Saliva samples collected at week 0, 16 and 28 were analysed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α. Clinical measures of periodontal disease were recorded at each visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All parameters of periodontal health improved significantly in both groups by week 16 (p<0.0001) with the SRP group demonstrating greater benefit at week 16 and 28. Baseline OPG and TNF-α levels changed significantly at both follow-up visits (p<0.03), regardless of treatment group. IL-1β and MMP-8 levels decreased significantly from baseline (p<0.04) in the SRP group only. OPG, MMP-8, and MIP-1α were significantly reduced in responders compared with non-responders (p=0.04, 0.01, 0.05, respectively). In receiver-operating characteristic analyses, MMP-8 produced the highest area under the curve (0.7; p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salivary levels of IL-1β, MMP-8, OPG, and MIP-1α reflected disease severity and response to therapy suggesting their potential utility for monitoring periodontal disease status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health Practice, Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: Yushun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kryscio
authors.forename: Dolphus R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ebersole
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012372:ROC Curve; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8