title: Novice drivers' exposure to known risk factors during the first 18 months of licensure: the effect of vehicle ownership.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Though there is ample research indicating that nighttime, teen passengers, and speeding increase the risk of crash involvement, there is little research about teen drivers' exposure to these known risk factors. Three research questions were assessed in this article: (1) Does exposure to known risk factors change over time? (2) Do teenage drivers experience higher rates of exposure to known risk factors than adult drivers? (3) Do teenage drivers who own a vehicle experience higher rates of exposure to risk factors than those who share a family vehicle?
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one newly licensed teenage drivers and at least one parent (adult) were recruited at licensure. Driving data were recorded for 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or average nighttime VMT for teens did not increase over time. Teenagers consistently drove 24 percent of VMT at night, compared with 18 percent for adults. Teenagers drove 62 percent of VMT with no passengers, 29 percent of VMT with one passenger, and less than 10 percent of VMT with multiple passengers. Driving with no passengers increased with driving experience for these teens. Teenage drivers who owned their vehicles, relative to those who shared a vehicle, sped 4 times more frequently overall and more frequently at night and with multiple teen passengers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are among the first objective data documenting the nature of teenage driving exposure to known risk factors. The findings provide evidence that vehicle access is related to risk and suggest the potential safety benefit of parental management of novice teenage driving exposure.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA. cklauer@vtti.vt.edu
authors.forename: Sheila G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Klauer
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simons-Morton
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Marie Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ouimet
authors.forename: E Henry
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dingus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors