title: Psychological care: social and family support for patients awaiting a liver transplant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients awaiting a transplant, the help received from friends and/or family members is considered to be an important factor in the transplantation process. Our objective was to determine the level of social/family support for patients on the liver transplant waiting list and to determine the relationship between clinical psychopathology and the level of social/family support.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 70 patients on the liver transplant waiting list. We used the following instruments: (1) Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS) Questionnaire. For size of the social network, four support dimensions and a global support index for emotional support, material/instrumental support, leisure/free time activities, and love/care; (2) Family Apgar Questionnaire for personal perception of family function; (3) SA-45 questionnaire of psychopathologic symptoms for somatizations, obsessive-compulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MOS showed that the mean size of the social network of these patients was 12 people. In these patients, social/family support was nonfunctional in 20% of the cases. By dimensions, the patients had the following percentage of nonfunctional support: 24% in emotional support; 10% material/instrumental support; 23% social relations of leisure/free-time activities; and 11% compassionate love/care support. The patients with nonfunctional support had the following associated psychopathologic symptoms (SA-45): depression (79% vs 39%; P = .008), anxiety (86% vs 46%; P = .008), hostility (43% vs 12%; P = .009), and psychoticism (14% vs 2%; P = .039) compared to functional patients. The Family Apgar showed that 27% of patients perceived a family dysfunction. These patients had greater interpersonal sensitivity-type emotional symptoms (32% vs 8%; P = .012), depression (79% vs 35%; P = .001), anxiety (79% vs 45%; P = .011), and hostility (42% vs 10%; P = .002) compared to normally functioning patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly a quarter of patients on the liver transplant waiting list have social/family support that is nonfunctional, which leads to greater emotional psychopathologic symptoms that would need to be treated.
authors.affiliation: International Collaborative Donor Project, Murcia, España.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Navas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riquelme
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alarcón
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanmartín
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Febrero
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parrilla
mesh_terms: D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014850:Waiting Lists