title: Biodegradable nanoparticles in the murine vagina: trans-cervical retrograde transport and induction of proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: Biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) of average size 75 nm and composed of poly(lactic acid, PLA) were prepared by single emulsion. Upon instillation into the vagina of mice in estrus, these particles undergo retrograde transport across the cervix to the uterus. Uterus lavage conducted after instillation of NP into the vagina indicated that proinflammatory signals such as RANTES and TNF were induced in the uterine environment, which is inimical to establishment of pregnancy. These NP are under investigation for contraceptive potential.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Division, Central Drug Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), P.O. Box 173, M. G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maikhuri
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors