title: Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies regions on 7p21 (AHR) and 15q24 (CYP1A2) as determinants of habitual caffeine consumption.
abstract: We report the first genome-wide association study of habitual caffeine intake. We included 47,341 individuals of European descent based on five population-based studies within the United States. In a meta-analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and eigenvectors of population variation, two loci achieved genome-wide significance: 7p21 (P = 2.4 × 10(-19)), near AHR, and 15q24 (P = 5.2 × 10(-14)), between CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. Both the AHR and CYP1A2 genes are biologically plausible candidates as CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine and AHR regulates CYP1A2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Marilyn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cornelis
authors.forename: Keri L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Monda
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paynter
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Azzato
authors.forename: Siiri N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Sonja I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanock
authors.forename: Nilanjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curhan
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Majken K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nettleton
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Purdue
authors.forename: Preetha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajaraman
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: Lynda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stolzenberg-Solomon
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subar
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Chasman
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Caporaso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002110:Caffeine; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / Q000235:genetics*; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics*; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011786:Quality Control; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D002110:Caffeine; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2