title: Is higher ASA class associated with an increased incidence of adverse events during procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate whether American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, as assigned by nonanesthesiologists, is associated with adverse events during procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively collected database of children aged 0 to 21 years undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department of an urban, tertiary care, children's hospital was retrospectively reviewed. This database included clinical and demographic characteristics, including assigned ASA class. It also included information relative to the procedure, the sedation, and any complications related to the sedation. Complications were defined a priori as persistent oxygen desaturation to less than 93% on pulse oximetry requiring supplemental oxygen, bronchospasm, dizziness, apnea, seizure, hiccoughs, laryngospasm, stridor, arrhythmia, hypotension, rash, vomiting, aspiration, or a disinhibition/agitation/dysphoria emergence reaction. Main outcome measure was the incidence of complications relative to ASA class.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Procedural sedation was performed in the emergency department 1232 times during the study period; 30 sedations did not have either ASA class or occurrence of a complication recorded. Thus, 1202 sedations were included in the study. Nine hundred eighty-eight patients were classified as ASA class 1, whereas 214 were classified as ASA class 2 or greater. There were a total of 215 adverse events in the study population. Most of these were hypoxia (185 total) and were more likely to occur in patients with an ASA class 2 or greater (P = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse events during procedural sedation are more common in patients with higher ASA class.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. kerry.caperell@chp.edu
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caperell
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pitetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult