title: Detection of granulocyte antibodies using simultaneous analysis of specific granulocyte antibodies assay (SASGA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Granulocyte-associated antibodies can cause several clinical granulocytopenic disorders. The monoclonal-antibody-specific immobilization of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) is currently used as the standard assay to specify these antibodies. Here we describe an assay for specific analysis of granulocyte antibodies (SASGA) which is able to simultaneously detect and specify granulocyte IgG- and IgM-antibodies using flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bead populations with distinct fluorescence intensities were used as solid phase for immobilization of mAb. Typed granulocytes were incubated with human sera and a mix of three distinct mouse monoclonal antibodies against specific granulocyte antigens (for example CD16, CD11a, HLA class I). After cell lysis and incubation of lysate with beads, goat antibodies against human IgG and IgM antibodies were added. Seventy-one frozen sera of donors and patients previously implicated in transfusion reactions and various underlying disorders were analysed for specific granulocyte-binding antibodies using MAIGA and SASGA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SASGA assay was able to simultaneously detect granulocyte-specific antibodies for different glycoproteins. Overall, the results of MAIGA and SASGA were concordant in 92·9%. 5 sera containing anti-HNA-1b (n=2) and -HLA class I (n=3) were not detected by MAIGA, but were recognized by the SASGA. In serial dilution tests with sera containing anti-HNA-1a, -1b, -2a and HLA class I, the SASGA assay detected the antibodies at higher dilutions than MAIGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SASGA assay permits reliable detection of specific granulocyte antibodies. Six distinct antibodies can be simultaneously determined. This method will potentially open the way to investigations on additional specific antibodies as it facilitates laboratory diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red-Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany. xuan-duc.nguyen@medma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherpf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sassenhof
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flesch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klüter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000094902:Blood Banking / Q000379:methods*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G