title: Performance of dithiocarbamate-type flocculant in treating simulated polymer flooding produced water.
abstract: Produced water from polymer flooding is difficult to treat due to its high polymer concentration, high viscosity, and emulsified characteristics. The dithiocarbamate flocculant, DTC (T403), was prepared by the amine-terminated polyoxypropane-ether compound known as Jeffamine-T403. The product was characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The DTC agent chelating with Fe2+ produced a network polymer matrix, which captured and removed oil droplets efficiently. Oil removal by the flocculent on simulated produced water with 0, 200, 500, 900 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was investigated for aspects of effectiveness of DTC (T403) dosage and concentrations of HPAM and Fe2+ ions in the wastewater. Results showed that HPAM had a negative influence on oil removal efficiency when DTC (T403) dosage was lower than 20 mg/L. However, residual oil concentrations in tested samples with different concentrations of HPAM all decreased below 10 mg/L when DTC (T403) dosage reached 30 mg/L. The concentration of Fe2+ in the initial wastewater had a slight effect on oil removal at the range of 2-12 mg/L. Results showed that Fe3+ could not be used in place of Fe2+ as Fe3+ could not react with DTC under flocculated conditions. The effects of mineral salts ions were also investigated.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, China. baoyugao-sdu@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Baoyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yongqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D005427:Flocculation; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D009821:Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002118:Calcium; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D008903:Minerals; D009821:Oils; D012492:Salts; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D000099166:Polyacrylamides