title: [Education and teaching laparoscopic surgery in Europe: present constraints and role of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery.]
abstract: As we move on to the second decade of the 21st century, many changes in education and, particularly, in training future surgeons, have come to pass. Several of these changes are the result of a natural evolution in teaching methods, but others have been dictated by global modifications in the educational and social systems reigning throughout the Western culture. The recent evolution to less aggressive therapy and, in particular, surgical techniques, attests to the desire to decrease patient harm. Laparoscopic surgery, based on less invasive parietal violation and insult, responding to the above-mentioned concerns, has rekindled the debate on patient safety but also has opened the debate on how to best teach the technique. This paper endeavors to describe the problems created by the social and economic changes in the last few decades, to assess the consequences on teaching and learning laparoscopic surgery for the surgeon and to review possible solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. abeFingerhut@aol.com
authors.forename: Abe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fingerhut
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veyrie
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Millat
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leandros
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy; D005060:Europe; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D012955:Societies, Medical; D016526:Workload