title: Chronic exposure to diclofenac on two freshwater cladocerans and Japanese medaka.
abstract: Consequences of long-term exposure to diclofenac up to 3 months were evaluated using freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) and a fish (Oryzias latipes). Marked decrease of reproduction was observed at 25 mg/L for D. magna, and at 50 mg/L for M. macrocopa. Three-month exposure of fish to 0.001-10 mg/L of diclofenac resulted in significant decreasing trend in hatching success and delay in hatch. The hatching of the eggs produced from the fish exposed to 10 mg/L was completely interfered, while fertility of the parent generation was not affected. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female fish was also affected at 10 mg/L. Predicted no effect concentration of diclofenac was estimated at 0.1 mg/L, which is a few orders of magnitude greater than those observed in ambient water. Therefore direct impact of diclofenac exposure is not expected. However its bioaccumulation potential through food web should warrant further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim Kho
authors.forename: Pilje
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac