title: Major chimpanzee-specific structural changes in sperm development-associated genes.
abstract: A comprehensive analysis of transcriptional structures of chimpanzee sperm development-associated genes is of significant interest for deeply understanding sperm development and male reproductive process. In this study, we sequenced 7,680 clones from a chimpanzee testis full-length cDNA library and obtained 1,933 nonredundant high-quality full-length cDNA sequences. Comparative analysis between human and chimpanzee showed that 78 sperm development-associated genes, most of which were yet uncharacterized, had undergone severe structural changes (mutations at the start/stop codons, INDELs, alternative splicing variations and fusion forms) on genomic and transcript levels throughout chimpanzee evolution. Specifically, among the 78 sperm development-associated genes, 39 including ODF2, UBC, and CD59 showed markedly chimpanzee-specific structural changes. Through dN/dS analysis, we found that 56 transcripts (including seven sperm development-associated genes) had values of greater than one when comparing human and chimpanzee DNA sequences, whereas the values were less than one when comparing humans and orangutans. Gene ontology annotation and expression profiling showed that the chimpanzee testis transcriptome was enriched with genes that are associated with chimpanzee male germ cell development. Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive molecular evidence that many chimpanzee sperm development-associated genes had experienced severe structural changes over the course of evolution on genomic and transcript levels.
authors.affiliation: Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea. krn1968@kribb.re.kr
authors.forename: Ryong Nam
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Haeng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Seong-Hyeuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Aeri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kun-Hyang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Momoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Dae-Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong-Seog
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005306:Fertilization / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D056426:Genetic Loci; D040342:Genetic Structures; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000235:genetics; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000235:genetics; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger