title: Obesity augments calcium-induced increases in skeletal calcium retention in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overweight adolescents have low bone mineral content for weight and are at increased risk for fractures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to determine whether overweight and obesity influence the positive relationship between dietary calcium intake and skeletal calcium retention in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of pooled data from calcium balance studies in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants each underwent a 3-wk calcium balance study in a controlled environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 280 White, Black, and Asian boys (n = 73) and girls (n = 207) ages 10-16 yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship among body mass index (BMI), calcium intake, and calcium retention was modeled using linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcium intake, BMI, sex, race, and age explained 27.9% of the variation in calcium retention. At low calcium intakes, there was no effect of BMI on skeletal calcium retention, but at higher calcium intakes, BMI increased skeletal calcium retention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater gains in calcium retention occur with increases in calcium intake in adolescents with higher BMI compared with those with lower BMI. Additional studies are needed to investigate whether increasing calcium intake reduces the increased risk of fracture associated with overweight and obesity in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Kara A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: Berdine R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Munro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002118:Calcium