title: 1H-NMR-based metabolomics study of cerebral infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability and death in developing countries. However, early diagnosis is difficult and no reliable biomarker is currently available. Thus, we applied a 1H-NMR metabolomics approach to investigate the altered metabolic pattern in plasma and urine from patients with cerebral infarctions and sought to identify metabolic biomarkers associated with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic profiles of plasma and urine from patients with cerebral infarctions, especially small vessel occlusion, were investigated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal components analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant separation between patients and healthy individuals. The plasma of stroke patients was characterized by the increased excretion of lactate, pyruvate, glycolate, and formate, and by the decreased excretion of glutamine and methanol; the urine of stroke patients was characterized by decreased levels of citrate, hippurate, and glycine. These metabolites detected from plasma and urine of patients with cerebral infarctions were associated with anaerobic glycolysis, folic acid deficiency, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Furthermore, the presence of cerebral infarction in the external validation model was predicted with high accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that a metabolomics approach may be useful for the effective diagnosis of cerebral infarction and for the further understanding of stroke pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 136-713, Korea.
authors.forename: Jee Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ho-Sub
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dae-Gill
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: No Soo
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Ok-Sun
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Do Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Geum-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers