title: Global health and climate change: moving from denial and catastrophic fatalism to positive action.
abstract: The health effects of climate change have had relatively little attention from climate scientists and governments. Climate change will be a major threat to population health in the current century through its potential effects on communicable disease, heat stress, food and water security, extreme weather events, vulnerable shelter and population migration. This paper addresses three health-sector strategies to manage the health effects of climate change-promotion of mitigation, tackling the pathways that lead to ill-health and strengthening health systems. Mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is affordable, and low-carbon technologies are available now or will be in the near future. Pathways to ill-health can be managed through better information, poverty reduction, technological innovation, social and cultural change and greater coordination of national and international institutions. Strengthening health systems requires increased investment in order to provide effective public health responses to climate-induced threats to health, equitable treatment of illness, promotion of low-carbon lifestyles and renewable energy solutions within health facilities. Mitigation and adaptation strategies will produce substantial benefits for health, such as reductions in obesity and heart disease, diabetes, stress and depression, pneumonia and asthma, as well as potential cost savings within the health sector. The case for mitigating climate change by reducing GHGs is overwhelming. The need to build population resilience to the global health threat from already unavoidable climate change is real and urgent. Action must not be delayed by contrarians, nor by catastrophic fatalists who say it is all too late.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. a.costello@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maslin
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekins
mesh_terms: D058572:Carbon Footprint / Q000191:economics; D057231:Climate Change / Q000191:economics; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005523:Food Supply; D014943:Global Health; D057232:Global Warming / Q000191:economics; D017752:Greenhouse Effect / Q000191:economics; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011158:Population Growth; D011634:Public Health; D011640:Public Policy / Q000191:economics; D014881:Water Supply; D014887:Weather