title: Effect of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from Pinus radiata bark on immune response of specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens.
abstract: Proanthocyanidins are naturally occurring compounds that are widely found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, flowers, and bark. We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin-rich extract (PAE) from Pinus radiata bark in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly enhanced in chickens treated for 2 wk with 20 mg/kg of PAE. Proliferation of splenocytes and bursal cells was significantly enhanced in chickens treated for 5 wk with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of PAE. Thymocyte proliferation was significantly enhanced in chickens treated for 5 wk with 5 and 10 mg/kg of PAE. These effects were markedly enhanced by the presence of lipopolysaccharide, which acted on B cells responsible for humoral immunity, and concanavalin A, which acted directly on T cells involved in cell-mediated immunity. The PAE significantly promoted the expression of T helper 1 cytokine (interferon-γ) and decreased the expression of T helper 2 cytokine (IL-6). Thus, P. radiata PAE has immunomodulatory effects in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: I-J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: H-G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: S-P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: K-S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: H-K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015394:Molecular Structure; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins