title: Influence of effortful swallow on pharyngeal pressure: evaluation using a high-resolution manometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of effortful swallow on pharyngeal pressure while swallowing saliva and water using a novel high-resolution manometry (HRM) system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with planned data collection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nagasaki University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen asymptomatic Japanese adult volunteers were studied. A solid-state HRM assembly with 36 circumferential sensors spaced 1 cm apart was positioned from the velopharynx to the upper esophagus to record pressures while swallowing. The maximum values of the pressure while swallowing saliva (dry swallowing) and 5 mL of water were measured at the velopharynx, meso-hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) with and without effortful swallows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum values of dry swallowing pressures (mm Hg) at the velopharynx, meso-hypopharynx, and UES were significantly higher with effortful swallow (155.7 ± 59.7, 256.7 ± 78.7, and 276.5 ± 87.5, mean ± standard deviation) than without it (115.3 ± 60.8, 172.9 ± 57.0, and 195.8 ± 61.3). Those of water swallowing pressures were also statistically higher with effortful swallow (169.3 ± 69.1, 236.6 ± 77.2, and 267.3 ± 79.1) than without it (119.2 ± 59.7, 189.5 ± 70.7, and 221.3 ± 72.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results provide quantitative evidence of effortful swallow as well as physiological information. It also is hoped to be an aid to future clinical and investigative studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. ktakasa@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umeki
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagami
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D012016:Reference Values; D055815:Young Adult