title: Anxiety and depression among North Korean young defectors in South Korea and their association with health-related quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined anxiety and depression among 108 North Korean adolescent and young adult (age, 12-29 years) defectors who settled in South Korea, and evaluated the relationship between their mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects completed a questionnaire that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Short Form with 36 questions (SF-36; consists of mental and physical health components) for measuring HRQoL, and items related to the period of time since defection and settlement and socio-demographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants, 53.7% scored ≥ 8 on the anxiety measure questionnaire, and 22.2% scored ≥ 11; 36.1% of the participants scored ≥ 8 on the depression measure questionnaire and 14.8% scored ≥ 11. Both anxiety and depression subscales were associated with lower scores of total SF-36, physical component and mental component score. Depressive symptom appeared more frequently among the subjects who had lived in South Korea for < 1 year than among the subjects who had lived in South Korea for 2 year or longer (odds ratio=3.77, 95% confidence intervals=1.12 to 12.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among North Korean adolescent and young adult defectors, anxiety and depression were associated with lower HRQoL. Therefore, it is needed to develop strategies to screen for mental health and intervene to reduce anxiety and depression during their early resettlement stage.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Seul Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seong Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Myung Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyojee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.forename: Sang Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D056911:Democratic People's Republic of Korea; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013997:Time Factors