title: Rating leniency and halo in multisource feedback ratings: testing cultural assumptions of power distance and individualism-collectivism.
abstract: This study extends multisource feedback research by assessing the effects of rater source and raters' cultural value orientations on rating bias (leniency and halo). Using a motivational perspective of performance appraisal, the authors posit that subordinate raters followed by peers will exhibit more rating bias than superiors. More important, given that multisource feedback systems were premised on low power distance and individualistic cultural assumptions, the authors expect raters' power distance and individualism-collectivism orientations to moderate the effects of rater source on rating bias. Hierarchical linear modeling on data collected from 1,447 superiors, peers, and subordinates who provided developmental feedback to 172 military officers show that (a) subordinates exhibit the most rating leniency, followed by peers and superiors; (b) subordinates demonstrate more halo than superiors and peers, whereas superiors and peers do not differ; (c) the effects of power distance on leniency and halo are strongest for subordinates than for peers and superiors; (d) the effects of collectivism on leniency were stronger for subordinates and peers than for superiors; effects on halo were stronger for subordinates than superiors, but these effects did not differ for subordinates and peers. The present findings highlight the role of raters' cultural values in multisource feedback ratings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Strategy, Management and Organization, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. akyng@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Kok-Yee
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Soon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Kim-Yin
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010379:Peer Group; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012945:Social Values