title: Lymphatic differentiation in classic Kaposi's sarcoma: patterns of D2-40 immunoexpression in the course of tumor progression.
abstract: The recent development of lymphatic endothelium-specific immuno-indicators has given rise to research on the histogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), specifically focusing on its lymphatic root and differentiation. D2-40 is a new lymphatic marker that recognizes podoplanin and is easily applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissues. This study examined D2-40 immunoexpression in 178 classical KS lesions using immunohistochemical methods. D2-40 immunoexpression was also examined in 63 non-KS soft tissue lesions to test the reliability of D2-40 monoclonal antibody in the pathological diagnosis of KS. D2-40 immunoreactivity was detected at all of the KS lesions and in lymphangioma and nonneoplastic lymphatic endothelium. There was no significant relationship between the extent of D2-40 staining and histopathological stage; however, there was a positive correlation between the staining intensity and histopathological stage in KS cases. D2-40 immunoreactivity was detected at all histopathological stages of KS and may be added to the routine immunohistochemical panel used for the differential diagnosis of KS. Widespread D2-40 protein expression is evidence of a lymphatic origin or the differentiation of neoplastic cells in KS, and D2-40 expression increases with tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Kozlu, Zonguldak 67600, Turkey. niluferkandemir@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nilufer Onak
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Kandemir
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barut
authors.forename: Banu Dogan
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gun
authors.forename: Sevinc Hallac
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Keser
authors.forename: Nimet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karadayi
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gun
authors.forename: Sukru Oguz
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ozdamar
mesh_terms: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004729:Endothelium, Lymphatic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D016612:Paraffin Embedding / Q000379:methods; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000098853:Podoplanin
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C117468:PDPN protein, human; D000098853:Podoplanin; C500987:monoclonal antibody D2-40