title: Isocaloric intake of a high-fat diet modifies adiposity and lipid handling in a sex dependent manner in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-fat (HF) diet feeding usually leads to hyperphagia and body weight gain, but macronutrient proportions in the diet can modulate energy intake and fat deposition. The mechanisms of fat accumulation and mobilization may differ significantly between depots, and gender can also influence these differences.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate, in rats of both sexes, the effect of an isocaloric intake of a diet with an unbalanced proportion of macronutrients on fatty acid composition of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and how this is influenced by both dietary fatty acids and levels of proteins involved in tissue lipid handling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes were fed a control diet (3% w/w fat) or high-fat diet (30% w/w fat) for 14 weeks. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas-chromatography and levels of LPL, HSL, α2-AR, β3-AR, PKA and CPT1 were determined by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HF diet did not induce hyperphagia or body weight gain, but promoted an increase of adiposity index only in male rats. HF diet produced an increase of the proportion of MUFA and a decrease in that of PUFA in both adipose depots and in both sexes. The levels of proteins involved in the adrenergic control of the lipolytic pathway increased in the gonadal fat of HF females, whereas LPL levels increased in the inguinal fat of HF males and decreased in that of females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual dimorphism in adiposity index reflects a differential sex response to dietary fatty acid content and could be related to the levels of the proteins involved in tissue lipid management.
authors.affiliation: Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra, Valldemossa Km 7,5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Estrany
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Proenza
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lladó
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gianotti
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats