title: Revival of an old problem: an increase in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 8 infections in 2010 in England and Northern Ireland linked to duck eggs.
abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 8 is uncommon in humans in the UK. In July 2010, the Health Protection Agency reported an excess isolation rate of pan-susceptible S. Typhimurium DT8 in England and Northern Ireland. By the end of October, this amounted to 81 laboratory-confirmed human cases for all regions of England and Northern Ireland in 2010, an increase of 26% and 41% on 2009 and 2008, respectively. Descriptive epidemiological investigation found a strong association with infection and consumption of duck eggs. Duck eggs contaminated with S. Typhimurium DT8 were collected from a patient's home and also at farms in the duck-egg supply chain. Although duck eggs form a small part of total UK eggs sales, there has been significant growth in sales in recent years. This is the first known outbreak of salmonellosis linked to duck eggs in the UK since 1949 and highlighted the impact of a changing food source and market on the re-emergence of salmonellosis linked to duck eggs. Control measures by the duck-egg industry should be improved along with a continued need to remind the public and commercial caterers of the potential high risks of contracting salmonellosis from duck eggs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Health Protection Services-Colindale, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Ave., London, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Pinna
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004372:Ducks / Q000382:microbiology; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012483:Salmonella Phages; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*