title: Bone metastases detection by circulating biomarkers: OPG and RANK-L.
abstract: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANK-L) and plays an important role in the formation of metastatic bone lesions. We evaluated the usefulness of circulating OPG and RANK-L for the detection of bone metastases. We enrolled 143 individuals in the study: 30 healthy donors (HD) and 113 breast cancer patients. Among patients, 49 had no evidence of disease (NEDP), 54 had bone metastases (BMP) at first diagnosis, and 10 had visceral metastases (VMP). Both transcripts were determined in peripheral blood samples using quantitative PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of OPG, RANK-L, CEA and CA15-3. OPG and RANK-L median values were significantly lower in BMP (median 0.5, range 0.1-5.7, p<0.001 and median 0.5, range 0.1-4.5, p=0.024, respectively) compared to NEDP (median 1.7, range 0.4-8.9 and median 0.8, range 0.2-3.8, respectively), regardless of the number and type of bone lesions or the presence of visceral metastases. The area under the ROC curve (NEDP vs. BMP) was higher for OPG (82.5, 95% CI 74.5-90.6) than for RANK-L (69.2, 95% CI 59.0-79.40). Specificity for OPG was 87.7% (95% CI 75.7-94.2) and sensitivity was 74.1% (95% CI 60.4-85.0), both values increasing when considered together with CEA and CA15-3. For VMP, OPG and RANK-L were expressed in only one patient. Our results highlight the potentially important role of circulating OPG in the diagnosis of bone metastases. A confirmatory study on a larger case series is ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Osteoncology Centre, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per Studio e Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mercatali
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sacanna
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flamini
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarpi
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calistri
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Wainer
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zoli
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amadori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018567:Breast Neoplasms, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger