title: Benefit of 1.5-T intraoperative MR imaging in the surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has very limited significance for intraoperative control of total tumor removal (TTR), we examined the influence of 1.5-T MRI, incorporating higher resolution into the intraoperative strategy of craniopharyngioma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery with intraoperative imaging was performed in 25 selected patients in whom tumor resection was anticipated to be difficult according to pre-operative findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative MRI confirmed the intended extent of tumor removal in 15 patients (14 TTRs, one intended incomplete removal, while a second procedure was scheduled due to complex shape). Misinterpretation was false positive or negative in one patient each. The extent of removal was not achieved as expected in eight patients (expectation: seven TTRs, one incomplete removal). In three patients, the expected TTR was achieved by resuming surgery. In another case, that goal was accomplished by performing an unscheduled second procedure. In total, by using intraoperative imaging, the rate of TTR was increased by 16% (four patients), leading to 80% in the entire series. Compared with the literature, the rate of new ophthalmologic and endocrine deficits is acceptable; the rate of other surgical complication is slightly higher but not directly caused by intraoperative imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative 1.5-T MRI provides benefits because of good early prediction of TTR (sensitivity, positive predictive value: 93.8%; specificity, negative predictive value: 88.9%) and a low rate of false-positive results. Moreover, extended resection of remnants visualized is enabled and helps to increase the rate of TTR but does not exclude recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany. Bernd.M.Hofmann@gmx.de
authors.forename: Bernd M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nimsky
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahlbusch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007016:Hypophysectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult