title: Real-time bladder volume monitoring by the application of a new implantable bladder volume sensor for a small animal model.
abstract: Although real-time monitoring of bladder volume together with intravesical pressure can provide more information for understanding the functional changes of the urinary bladder, it still entails difficulties in the accurate prediction of real-time bladder volume in urodynamic studies with small animal models. We studied a new implantable bladder volume monitoring device with eight rats. During cystometry, microelectrodes prepared by the microelectromechanical systems process were placed symmetrically on both lateral walls of the bladder, and the expanded bladder volume was calculated. Immunohistological study was done after 1 week and after 4 weeks to evaluate the biocompatibility of the microelectrode. From the point that infused saline volume into the bladder was higher than 0.6 mL, estimated bladder volume was statistically correlated with the volume of saline injected (p<0.01). Additionally, the microelectromechanical system microelectrodes used in this study showed reliable biocompatibility. Therefore, the device can be used to evaluate changes in bladder volume in studies with small animals, and it may help to provide more information about functional changes in the bladder in laboratory studies. Furthermore, owing to its biocompatibility, the device could be chronically implanted in conscious ambulating animals, thus allowing a novel longitudinal study to be performed for a specific purpose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Sup
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Bumkyoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Moon Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sae Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D049628:Body Size; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008297:Male; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems; D008839:Microelectrodes; D023421:Models, Animal; D009929:Organ Size; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology