title: Acute sleep deprivation reduces energy expenditure in healthy men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic evidence indicates that chronic sleep curtailment increases risk of developing obesity, but the mechanisms behind this relation are largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the influence of a single night of total sleep deprivation on morning energy expenditures and food intakes in healthy humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to a balanced crossover design, we examined 14 normal-weight male subjects on 2 occasions during a regular 24-h sleep-wake cycle (including 8 h of nocturnal sleep) and a 24-h period of continuous wakefulness. On the morning after regular sleep and total sleep deprivation, resting and postprandial energy expenditures were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and the free-choice food intake from an opulent buffet was tested in the late afternoon at the end of the experiment. Circulating concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, norepinephrine, cortisol, thyreotropin, glucose, and insulin were repeatedly measured over the entire 24-h session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with normal sleep, resting and postprandial energy expenditures assessed on the subsequent morning were significantly reduced after sleep deprivation by ≈5% and 20%, respectively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001). Nocturnal wakefulness increased morning plasma ghrelin concentrations (P < 0.02) and nocturnal and daytime circulating concentrations of thyreotropin, cortisol, and norepinephrine (P < 0.05) as well as morning postprandial plasma glucose concentrations (P < 0.05). Changes in food intakes were variable, and no differences between wake and sleep conditions were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that one night of sleep deprivation acutely reduces energy expenditure in healthy men, which suggests that sleep contributes to the acute regulation of daytime energy expenditure in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. benedict@kfg.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallschmid
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahnke
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schultes
authors.forename: Helgi Birgir
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Schiöth
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012016:Reference Values; D012146:Rest; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine