title: Image analysis application for the study of activated sludge floc size during the treatment of synthetic and real fishery wastewaters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fishery wastewater treatment can be compromised due to seasonal production. The use of sequencing batch reactors is not completely successful, despite flexibility being one of the principal advantages. Most research on activated sludge is performed using synthetic wastewater to ensure a stable and constant feed. The current work compared biomass morphology and settling ability using image analysis of synthetic and real fishery wastewaters, with and without NaCl addition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final effluent presented higher turbidity for both wastewaters after NaCl addition, and lower SVI values. For synthetic wastewater, NaCl addition led to the total aggregates' area (TA) increase from 1.46 to 2.09 mm(2)/μL, alongside the growth of intermediate aggregates into larger aggregates. The addition of NaCl to the fishery wastewater led to a decrease of the TA from 4.43 to 1.72 mm(2)/μL. The biomass composition decreased in larger and intermediate structures, opposite to the smaller aggregates' area percentage increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NaCl addition to synthetic wastewater incited flocculation increasing sludge settling ability. A slight aggregate disruption was responsible for a turbidity increase. A strong deflocculation was identified in fishery wastewater with NaCl from the decrease of intermediate and large aggregates. This contrasted with pinpoint flocs release, which increased the turbidity levels. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND PERSPECTIVES: It could be established that synthetic wastewater biomass flocculation and fishery wastewater biomass deflocculation, observed during 0.5% NaCl experiments, were related to sludge settling and effluent turbidity changes. Furthermore, the biomass changes obtained with synthetic wastewater cannot be extrapolated to fishery wastewater.
authors.affiliation: IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniela P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Roberta R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: António L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Eugénio C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria Alice Z
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D005398:Fisheries; D008853:Microscopy; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D012965:Sodium Chloride