title: Community-based aftercare and return to custody in a national sample of substance-abusing women offenders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effectiveness of the Community Relapse Prevention and Maintenance (CRPM) program, developed by Correctional Service Canada to better meet the needs of women offenders with drug problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using survival analysis, we investigated the association between exposure and nonexposure to CRPM and return to custody among a national sample of women offenders released from 1 of 6 federal institutions across Canada during the period May 1, 1998 to August 31, 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After control for other risk factors, women who were not exposed to CRPM were 10 times more likely than were women exposed to CRPM to return to custody 1 year after release from prison, with more than a third returning to prison within the first 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aftercare is a critical component of a woman's support system after she leaves prison. Strategies that improve access to community aftercare are imperative for improving the life chances and health of these women.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, and the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Flora I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare; D002170:Canada; D003153:Community Health Services; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015397:Program Evaluation; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult