title: Foreign body inhalation in the pediatric population: lessons learned from 106 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the cases encountered in a tertiary care center so as to assess the incidence of foreign body aspiration in the pediatric population and to draw on our experience to improve prevention and early diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 106 children under the age of 15 years, admitted to the Hôtel-Dieu de France hospital for flexible and/or rigid bronchoscopy between November 1998 and January 2010, for suspected foreign body aspiration (FBA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the children, 56.6% were aged between one and three years. Peanuts or pistachios were found in 48% of cases. In 73% of cases, the FB was bronchial, and slightly more frequently on the right side (60%); 17.8% of cases presented in emergency immediately after inhalation; 12% presented with life-threatening symptoms; 29% presented within 24 hours and 49% were seen later than 72 hours. In 81% of subjects, a typical penetration syndrome was found on interviewing the parents. Physical pulmonary examination was normal in 21% of patients and chest X-ray in 21.8%. Rigid bronchoscopy was preceded by flexible bronchoscopy in 12% of cases. Parental underestimation of the gravity of the situation was a significant factor in delayed diagnosis. Among the patients, 64% examined 24 hours after inhalation were initially treated for another pathology. Delay in diagnosis and organic vs inorganic FB did not significantly correlate with duration of bronchoscopy. The rate of complications did not significantly increase after a 24-hour diagnostic delay threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FB aspiration is a serious problem. A high index of suspicion is required in health care providers (ENT, pediatricians and family physicians). Physician and especially parental education are the main guarantors of significantly reduced morbidity and mortality in this pathology.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôtel-Dieu de France, rue Alfred-Naccache, Beirut, Lebanon. habib.rizk@usj.edu.lb
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rassi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001980:Bronchi; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005931:Glottis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D001239:Inhalation; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014132:Trachea