title: The cost of antiemetic therapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving platinum-containing regimens in daily practice in Japan: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of antiemetic therapy for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in daily practice in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective observational study using medical records. Eligible patients were those with bladder or testicular cancer receiving platinum-containing highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The incidence of CINV on days 1-5 in single-day chemotherapy and on days 1-9 in multiple-day chemotherapy, and the costs of antiemetic therapy directly associated with the administration of antiemetics were estimated. The analysis of costs was performed from a hospital perspective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 54 patients or 169 chemotherapy courses were included. In all chemotherapy courses 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists were used on the day(s) that platinum-containing agents were administered and frequently used on subsequent days. In contrast, the use of corticosteroids was infrequent. Acute CINV in single-day chemotherapy was well controlled, but the incidences of delayed CINV in single-day chemotherapy and CINV in multiple-day chemotherapy were relatively high. The costs for antiemetic therapy were $484.65 in courses with CINV and $318.56 in courses without CINV, and the difference was approximately $170 per chemotherapy course, which was considered to be mainly imputable to the prevalence of CINV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost of antiemetic therapy for CINV is substantial in Japan as well as in other countries, and it is suggested that the onset of CINV is a possible cost driver. The improvements in antiemetic therapy may contribute not only to improved patient well-being but also to a reduction of economic burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan 606-8501.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinotsu
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017671:Platinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D017671:Platinum Compounds