title: Chronic action of association of zidovudine, lamivudine and ritonavir on pregnant rats. A biologic assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate at term the effects of a highly active antiretroviral (HAAR) drug association administered during the entire period of rat pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups (n = 10 each) of adult pregnant rats were treated with an oral solution of HAAR (Exp 1 = 10/5/20 mg/kg b.w.; Exp 2 = 30/15/60 mg/kg b.w.; Exp 3 = 90/45/180 mg/kg b.w.) from day "0" up to the 20th day of pregnancy. A fourth group served as a control. At term (20th day) the rats were killed under deep anesthesia and the number of implantations, resorptions, living fetuses, placentae and intrauterine deaths were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest HAAR doses caused lower maternal weight gain, lower litter weights, and lower placental weights compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAAR during the entire period of rat pregnancy can reduce maternal body weight gain and lower term placental weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, São Paulo, Brazil. adriwagner31@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: M Uchiyama
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Filho
authors.forename: T M Pereira
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.forename: L P Fogarolli
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Espiridiao
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kulay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D019438:Ritonavir