title: Cryosurgery as primary treatment for localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the early results of the use of third-generation cryotherapy as primary treatment for localized prostate cancer in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2006 to December 2009, 102 patients underwent primary cryosurgery for clinically localized prostate cancer. All patients underwent a dual freeze-thaw cycle using third-generation cryotechnology with ultrathin 17-gauge cryoneedles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level for all patients at the last follow-up visit was less than 0.5 ng/ml in 94 patients (92.2%) and 0.5 ng/ml or more in 8 (7.8%). One patient (1.0%) had recurrent prostate cancer confirmed by prostate biopsy and was treated with salvage cryotherapy. Seven other patients (6.9%) had an elevated PSA level after cryotherapy despite negative posttreatment biopsies and a metastatic evaluation. Of 102 patients, 1 patient was incontinent preoperatively. Of the remaining 101 patients, 4 patients (4.0%) developed mild incontinence requiring 1 to 2 pads per day. Urethral sloughing occurred in 5 of the 102 patients (4.9%) and in 1 of these patients (1.0%) required transurethral resection of sloughing. The rates of erectile dysfunction were 64.1%. No urethral strictures, rectourethral fistulas, urinary retention, or chronic pelvic pain was reported. The median inpatient stay after cryoablation was 3.2 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early results suggest that cryotherapy offers a safe and effective alternative for the primary treatment of localized prostate cancer. Additional studies with longer follow-up are necessary to determine the sustained efficacy of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical College of Nanjing University, Zhong-Shan Road No 321, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Huibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Hongqian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Xiaogong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Changwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen