title: Optical and digital microscopic imaging techniques and applications in pathology.
abstract: The conventional optical microscope has been the primary tool in assisting pathological examinations. The modern digital pathology combines the power of microscopy, electronic detection, and computerized analysis. It enables cellular-, molecular-, and genetic-imaging at high efficiency and accuracy to facilitate clinical screening and diagnosis. This paper first reviews the fundamental concepts of microscopic imaging and introduces the technical features and associated clinical applications of optical microscopes, electron microscopes, scanning tunnel microscopes, and fluorescence microscopes. The interface of microscopy with digital image acquisition methods is discussed. The recent developments and future perspectives of contemporary microscopic imaging techniques such as three-dimensional and in vivo imaging are analyzed for their clinical potentials.
authors.affiliation: College of Precision Instruments, Tianjing University, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D010336:Pathology / Q000379:methods*