title: The relative importance of architecture and resource competition in allocation to pollen and ovule number within inflorescences of Hosta ventricosa varies with the resource pools.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Allocation of resources to floral traits often declines distally within inflorescences in flowering plants. Architecture and resource competition have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. The aim of the present study is to assess the relative importance of resource competition and architectural effects in pollen and ovule production on racemes of Hosta ventricosa, an apomictic perennial herb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combinations of two defoliation treatments (intact and defoliated) and two fruit-set treatments (no-fruit and fruit) were created, and the roles of architecture and resource competition at each resource level were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pollen and ovule number per flower increased after defoliation, but pollen to ovule ratio per flower did not change. Pollen, ovules and the pollen to ovule ratio per flower declined distally on racemes at each resource level. In the intact treatment, fruit development of early flowers did not affect either pollen or ovule number of late flowers. In the defoliated treatment, fruit development of early flowers reduced both pollen and ovule numbers of late flowers due to over-compensation caused by defoliation. Late flowers on defoliated fruit racemes produced less pollen than intact fruit racemes but the same number of ovules; therefore, the reduction in pollen number was not caused by over-compensation. In addition, the fruit-set rate of early flowers during flowering was higher in intact racemes than in defoliated racemes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In flowering plants, the relative importance of architecture and resource competition in allocation to pollen and ovules may vary with the resource pools or the overall resource availability of maternal plants.
authors.affiliation: Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, China. cgxing@sicau.edu.cn
authors.forename: Guoxing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kaiwen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D031422:Hosta / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D056771:Ovule / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D011058:Pollen / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012098:Reproduction; D012621:Seasons; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors