title: Quantification of protein interactions and solution transport using high-density GMR sensor arrays.
abstract: Monitoring the kinetics of protein interactions on a high-density sensor array is vital to drug development and proteomic analysis. Label-free kinetic assays based on surface plasmon resonance are the current gold standard, but they have poor detection limits, suffer from non-specific binding, and are not amenable to high-throughput analyses. Here, we show that magnetically responsive nanosensors that have been scaled to over 100,000 sensors per cm² can be used to measure the binding kinetics of various proteins with high spatial and temporal resolution. We present an analytical model that describes the binding of magnetically labelled antibodies to proteins that are immobilized on the sensor surface. This model is able to quantify the kinetics of antibody-antigen binding at sensitivities as low as 20 zeptomoles of solute.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gaster
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shu-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Sebastian J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Osterfeld
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shan X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D007700:Kinetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000379:methods; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011506:Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A