title: Relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: the Hong Kong Dietary Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between dietary intake and the development of type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study. Dietary assessment was carried out using a validated FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Dietary glycaemic load and variety of snacks were also calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based centre at the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong SAR, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1010 Chinese adults aged 25-74 years who participated in a territory-wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995-1996 were followed up for 9-14 years for the development of diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 690 (68·3 %) individuals completed follow-up during 2005-2008 and seventy-four cases of diabetes were identified over the follow-up period. Four dietary patterns were identified ('more snacks and drinks', 'more vegetables, fruits and fish', 'more meat and milk products' and 'more refined grains'). After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol intake, participation in exercise/sports and family history of diabetes, the more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with a 14 % lower risk (OR per 1 sd increase in score = 0·76; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·99), whereas the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with a 39 % greater risk of diabetes (OR per 1 sd increase in score = 1·39; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·84). Dietary glycaemic load, rice intake, snack intake and variety of snacks were not independently associated with diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The more vegetables, fruits and fish pattern was associated with reduced risk and the more meat and milk products pattern was associated with an increased risk of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Room 124021, 10/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. rubyyu@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Ruby
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Aprille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Tai Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables