title: A randomized controlled trial of home injury hazard reduction: the HOME injury study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of installing safety devices in the homes of young children on total injury rates and on injuries deemed a priori modifiable by the installation of these devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested, prospective, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indoor environment of housing units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers and their children from birth to 3 years old participating in the Home Observation and Measures of the Environment study. Among 8878 prenatal patients, 1263 (14.2%) were eligible, 413 (32.7%) agreed to participate, and 355 were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 181) or control (n = 174) groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Installation of multiple passive measures (eg, stair gates, cabinet locks, and smoke detectors) to reduce exposure to injury hazards. Injury hazards were assessed at home visits by teams of trained research assistants using a validated survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modifiable and medically attended injury (ie, telephone calls, office visits, and emergency visits for injury).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of children at intervention was 6.3 months. Injury hazards were reduced in the intervention homes but not in the control homes at 1 and 2 years (P < .004). There was no difference in the rate for all medically attended injuries in intervention children compared with controls: 14.3 injuries (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7-21.1 injuries) vs 20.8 injuries (95% CI, 14.4-29.9 injuries) per 100 child-years (P = .17); but there was a significant reduction in the rate of modifiable medically attended injuries in intervention children compared with controls: 2.3 injuries (95% CI, 1.0-5.5 injuries) vs 7.7 injuries (95% CI, 4.2-14.2 injuries) per 100 child-years (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intervention to reduce exposure to hazards in homes led to a 70% reduction in the rate of modifiable medically attended injury.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00129324.
authors.affiliation: Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. kieran.phelan@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Kieran J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Phelan
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liddy
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Bruce P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lanphear
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011482:Protective Devices; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult