title: The effect of oral honey and pollen on postoperative intraabdominal adhesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of oral usage of honey and pollen, either separately or together, on postoperative intraabdominal adhesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty rats were randomly separated into 4 groups of 10 rats each. Abrasion was performed on the cecum, and a patch of peritoneum located opposite to the cecal abrasion was completely dissected. Group 1 rats received no treatment; Group 2 rats received 4 g/kg/day honey; Group 3 rats received 4 g/kg/day pollen; and Group 4 rats received 4 g/kg/day honey and pollen mixed in equal amounts, in addition to the standard feeding for postoperative 21 days. All the rats were sacrificed on the 21st day. Following the adhesion scoring, tissue specimens of the peritoneum and bowel were subjected to histopathological investigation. The tissue and blood specimens were also taken for biochemical analysis to investigate the antioxidant capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adhesion scores were significantly different between the control and other groups. No dense adhesion was observed in the treatment groups. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly different between the control and honey and honey+pollen groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase levels were significantly different between the control and other groups. Catalase levels were different between the control and honey groups. Plasma antioxidant levels were different between the control and other groups. The pathological scores for fibrosis and inflammation were significantly different between the control and other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Honey and pollen were found to be effective in preventing postoperative intraabdominal adhesions, and these effects were thought to be a result of their antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of, General Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara.
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celeplı
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kismet
authors.forename: Buğra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaptanoğlu
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erel
authors.forename: Saadet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Pınar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Celeplı
authors.forename: Gülşah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaygusuz
authors.forename: Erdinç
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Devrım
authors.forename: Omür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gencay
authors.forename: Kadriye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sorkun
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Durak
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akkuş
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002432:Cecum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006722:Honey; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011429:Propolis