title: Oncologic safety of nipple skin-sparing or total skin-sparing mastectomies with immediate reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Success with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) has led to the reconsideration of the necessity to remove the skin overlying the nipple-areola complex. The aim of our study was to compare complications and local recurrence in patients undergoing SSM and total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSSM) with immediate reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This IRB-approved retrospective study involved patients who underwent mastectomy with reconstruction (1998 to 2010). Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, type of surgery, cosmesis, postoperative complications, and recurrence were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 293 patients in our study group had a total of 508 procedures: 281 TSSMs and 227 SSMs, distributed among 215 patients with bilateral procedures and 78 with unilateral operations. Mean age was 51.2 ± 10.9 years for TSSM and 53.1 ± 11.5 years for SSM. The average tumor size was 1.9 ± 1.6 cm for TSSM versus 2.1 ± 1.7 cm for the SSM group. The overall complication rate (TSSM 7.1% [20 of 281] and SSM 6.2% [14 of 227], p = 0.67) and local-regional recurrence rate (TSSM 6% [7 of 152] and SSM 5.0% [7 of 141], p = 0.89) were comparable. The TSSM rating was significantly higher (score 9.2 ± 1.1) than the SSM group (score 8.3 ± 1.9, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSSM appears to be oncologically safe with superior cosmesis, affords one-step immediate reconstruction, and can be offered to patients with stages I and II breast cancer and those who have been down-staged with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boneti
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Zuleika
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korourian
authors.forename: Kent C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: Ronda S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Henry-Tillman
authors.forename: V Suzanne
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Klimberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009558:Nipples; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome