title: Identification and characterization of wheat long non-protein coding RNAs responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress by using microarray analysis and SBS sequencing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as powdery mildew infection and high temperature, are important limiting factors for yield and grain quality in wheat production. Emerging evidences suggest that long non-protein coding RNAs (npcRNAs) are developmentally regulated and play roles in development and stress responses of plants. However, identification of long npcRNAs is limited to a few plant species, such as Arabidopsis, rice and maize, no systematic identification of long npcRNAs and their responses to abiotic and biotic stresses is reported in wheat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, by using computational analysis and experimental approach we identified 125 putative wheat stress responsive long npcRNAs, which are not conserved among plant species. Among them, some were precursors of small RNAs such as microRNAs and siRNAs, two long npcRNAs were identified as signal recognition particle (SRP) 7S RNA variants, and three were characterized as U3 snoRNAs. We found that wheat long npcRNAs showed tissue dependent expression patterns and were responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that diverse sets of wheat long npcRNAs were responsive to powdery mildew infection and heat stress, and could function in wheat responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, which provided a starting point to understand their functions and regulatory mechanisms in the future.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yingyin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhaorong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Chaojie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Huiru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Zhongfu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Qixin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006358:Hot Temperature; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant