title: Time-varying behaviour, test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of lateral trunk lean and toe-out angles during prolonged treadmill walking.
abstract: Lateral trunk lean over the stance limb and toeing-out are potential adaptive gait mechanisms that reduce knee joint loading. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the time-varying behaviour, the test-retest reliability and the concurrent validity of lateral trunk lean angle and toe-out angle during prolonged walking in healthy adults. Twenty healthy volunteers (51±8 years, 12 females) completed two test sessions at least 24h apart but within the same week. For each participant, at each session, three-dimensional gait kinematics were assessed intermittently during 60min of treadmill walking. Additionally, over-ground three-dimensional gait analysis was performed immediately before and after the treadmill walking. Maximum lateral trunk lean angle and maximum toe-out angle did not change over time (p>0.05), were consistent from day to day (test-retest reliability: ICC=0.61-0.72 and 0.90-0.95, respectively) and were consistent with over-ground measures (concurrent validity: ICC=0.88 and 0.92, respectively). These findings suggest that lateral trunk lean angle and toe-out angle are consistent during prolonged walking and that these measures are reliable and valid for use in studying adaptive gait mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Wolf Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Western Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Health Studies, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bechard
authors.forename: Trevor B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Birmingham
authors.forename: Aleksandra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zecevic
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jenkyn
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology*; D014034:Toes / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing