title: Diagnostic criteria of nonspecific hyperreactivity using cold dry air provocation with acoustic rhinometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors aimed to (1) compare symptom changes in patients with or without nonspecific hyperreactivity, (2) compare changes in total nasal volume (TNV) and minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) using acoustic rhinometry after cold dry air (CDA) challenge, and (3) set the diagnostic criteria using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective pilot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary rhinologic practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  CDA provocation was performed on 45 patients with self-reported hypersensitivity to cold dry air (group A) and to 53 patients without such hypersensitivity (group B). Symptoms (as measured by visual analog scale [VAS]), TNV, and MCA were checked before and after provocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The changes in nasal obstruction (1.8 ± 2.1 vs 0.0 ± 2.3) and rhinorrhea (0.8 ± 2.1 vs -0.5 ± 2.3) were significantly greater in group A (P < .01 in each case). There were no significant differences between groups in VAS scores for sneezing and itching. From the ROC curve, the authors set the diagnostic criterion as "TNSS (total nasal symptom score) change larger than 1.5," and its sensitivity and specificity were 75.6% and 86.8%, respectively. The criteria "TNV decrease larger than 19.5%" and "MCA change larger than 15.0%" had higher sensitivity and specificity (TNV: 84.4% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity; MCA: 93.3% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors were able to propose diagnostic criteria of nonspecific hyperreactivity using a CDA provocation test with acoustic rhinometry. These results are also helpful for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of nonspecific hyperreactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hyo
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000388:Air; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult