title: Protective changes of inflammation-related gene expression by the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica in the LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblast: microarray analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The leaf of Eriobotrya japonica (Ej) has been used for a long time as an oriental medicine to treat pulmonary inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the gene expression changes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in the cultured human gingival fibroblast and the anti-inflammatory changes of the genes by the leaves of Ej when challenged with LPS using a microarray chip.
  
  
  METHODS
  A whole transcript genechip (Affymetrix genechip human gene 1.0 ST array) was used. The expression patterns of the significant genes were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gene array analysis showed that 60 of the 325 genes up-regulated by the LPS when compared to the control were down-regulated by the Ej treatment. Of these 60 genes, the inflammation- and immune response-related genes were especially noted, which indicates that Ej inhibits the induction of the inflammation through LPS stimulation. In addition, 78 of the 158 genes down-regulated by the LPS when compared to the control were up-regulated by the Ej treatment. The regulatory patterns of the representative genes in the real-time RT-PCR correlated with those of the genes shown in the microarray. The Ej extract also inhibited the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and nitrite in the LPS-stimulated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that the extract of Ej leaves could be used to inhibit the activation of a wide variety of the inflammation-related genes and the inflammatory mediators. It is suggested that the extract of Ej leaves may be applied to alleviate the inflammation of periodontal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Pain and Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong-Gon
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yeong-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Sujung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D031983:Eriobotrya; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts