title: Association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms and their proteins with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the association amongst the single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes encoding for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, 3, 9 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) of subjects. Protein production of MMPs, COX-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  280 chronic periodontitis patients and 250 periodontitis-free subjects were selected. DNA was extracted from blood samples of all patients, the polymorphic sites of the genes that encode for metalloproteinases and cyclooxygenase-2 were amplified using PCR, and digested with restriction enzymes. ELISA was used to determine the protein production of MMPs, COX-2 and VEGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean probing depth (PD) was 5.4mm and the clinical attachment loss (CAL) was 6.4mm in patients group with at least 2 years history. 2G/2G genotype of MMP-1, the periodontitis patients presented frequency of 28% and the control only showed 3%. 5A/5A genotype of MMP-3, the periodontitis patients presented higher frequency of 55% than the control 40%. C/C of genotype MMP-9, the periodontitis patients presented higher frequency of 51% than the control 17%. C/C of genotype COX-2, the periodontitis patients demonstrated 28% frequency and the control was 3%. ELISA analysis determined a significant difference (p<0.001) in protein production between patient and control samples for the bio-markers. 12 cases with suspicious genotype of MMPs and in COX-2 showed the serum level was the highest value between other C/C genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combine genotype and serum expression of inflammatory mediators that may be a good bio-marker for diagnosis and prognosis of the periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wings T Y
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Mary N B
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D003596:Cytosine; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006147:Guanine; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D006147:Guanine; D003596:Cytosine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D000225:Adenine