title: Immune response CC chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 are associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary sarcoidosis involves an intense leukocyte infiltration of the lung with the formation of non-necrotizing granulomas. CC chemokines (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)-CCL5) are chemoattractants of mononuclear cells and act through seven transmembrane G-coupled receptors. Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results with regard to the associations of these chemokines with sarcoidosis. In an effort to clarify previous discrepancies, we performed the largest observational study to date of CC chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BALF chemokine levels from 72 patients affected by pulmonary sarcoidosis were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared to 8 healthy volunteers. BALF CCL3 and CCL4 levels from pulmonary sarcoidosis patients were not increased compared to controls. However, CCL2 and CCL5 levels were elevated, and subgroup analysis showed higher levels of both chemokines in all stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis. CCL2, CCL5, CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), CCR2 and CCR3 were expressed from mononuclear cells forming the lung granulomas, while CCR5 was only found on mast cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that CCL2 and CCL5 are important mediators in recruiting CCR1, CCR2, and CCR3 expressing mononuclear cells as well as CCR5-expressing mast cells during all stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Vyacheslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palchevskiy
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Nastran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Weigt
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ying Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ariss
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derhovanessian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Strieter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fishbein
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomathematics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elashoff
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belperio