title: Effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on retinal gene expression in a rat model of central retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on the alterations in retinal gene expression in a rat model of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  In one eye of adult Brown Norway rats (n = 77) CRVO was induced with laser photocoagulation of all retinal veins near to the optic disk after intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml of 10% sodium fluorescein. The gene expression was investigated using RT-PCR separately in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after CRVO induction. We analyzed the expression of factors that influence the development of vascular edema (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, PEDF), of channels implicated in retinal osmohomeostasis (Kir4.1, AQP4, AQP1), and of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1ß and IL-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRVO induced a rapid transient upregulation of Vegfa, a downregulation of Vegfb, and a delayed upregulation of Pedf in the neuroretina. In the neuroretina and retinal pigment epithelium, CRVO induced strong, transient downregulation of Kir4.1, Aqp4, and Aqp1, and striking rapid upregulation of Il1ß and Il6. Intravitreal triamcinolone reversed the downregulation of Kir4.1 and accelerated the normalization of the upregulated expression of Il1ß and Il6. The CRVO-induced transient upregulation of Vegfa was not influenced by the triamcinolone application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triamcinolone exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the ischemic retina by inhibitory effects on the gene expression of IL-1ß and IL-6, and may have neuroprotective effects via improvement of retinal potassium homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Liebigstrasse 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Matus.Rehak@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Matus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rehak
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Drechsler
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Köferl
authors.forename: Margrit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollborn
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bringmann
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide