title: Value of MR venography for detection of internal jugular vein anomalies in multiple sclerosis: a pilot longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CCSVI was recently described in patients with MS. CCSVI is diagnosed noninvasively by Doppler sonography and invasively by catheter venography. We assessed the role of conventional MRV for the detection of IJV anomalies in patients with MS diagnosed with CCSVI and in healthy controls who underwent MRV and Doppler sonography examinations during 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with MS underwent TOF, TRICKS, Doppler sonography, and catheter venography at baseline. They were treated at baseline with percutaneous angioplasty and re-evaluated 6 months' posttreatment with MRV and Doppler sonography. In addition, 6 healthy controls underwent a baseline and a 6-month follow-up evaluation by Doppler sonography and MRV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of Doppler sonography for detecting IJV abnormalities relative to catheter venography in patients with MS were calculated, respectively, at 82%, 100%, 99%, and 95%. The figures were 99%, 33%, 33%, 99% for TOF and 99%, 39%, 35%, and 99% for TRICKS. Venous anomalies included the annulus, septum, membrane, and malformed valve. No agreement was found between TOF and catheter venography in 70% of patients with MS and between TRICKS and catheter venography in 60% of patients with MS. At follow-up, 50% of the patients with MS presented with abnormalities on Doppler sonography but only 30% were diagnosed with restenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional MRV has limited value for assessing IJV anomalies for both diagnostic and posttreatment purposes.
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA. rzivadinov@bnac.net
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galeotti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hojnacki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menegatti
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schirda
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malagoni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bartolomei
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinstock-Guttman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamboni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult