title: Predictors of acute kidney injury post-cardiopulmonary bypass in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence, implicating factors and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients admitted to a pediatric cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-bed cardiothoracic ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-four children (<18 years of age) admitted to the cardiothoracic ICU following CPB between January 2007 and December 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age, sex, diagnosis, baseline and post-surgery hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, platelet count and biochemistry were recorded. Baseline and postoperative urea (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl), urine output (ml/kg/h) and inotrope dose were also recorded daily. The duration of CPB was noted. Postoperative cardiac, renal, hepatic, neurologic and respiratory dysfunctions were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven (5%) children developed AKI stage I, five children (4%) developed AKI stage II and two children developed AKI stage III (2%). All patients with AKI had a longer stay in hospital and increased mortality. Two children required dialysis for AKI and none developed chronic renal impairment. All patients with AKI stage III died during the ICU stay. Using stepwise regression, younger age (<1 year), weight <10 kg, pump failure, sepsis and duration of CPB >90 min were significant risk factors identified for developing AKI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AKI is common and occurred in 11% of our patients following CPB; however, AKI requiring renal replacement therapy is uncommon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, PGIMER and Associated RML Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India. sidsdoc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sidharth Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Dinesh Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Pyare Lal
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kajala
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Pragati
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juneja
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome