title: Case report: laser-assisted rebonding of a central incisor tooth due to a severe trauma - 4 years of follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of reattaching fractured tooth crowns fragments, as a result of trauma, has improved as a result of the introduction of lasers in dental care. This case report documents a 4 year follow-up of a re-bonded tooth fragment on a maxilary first permanent incisor.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 8-year-old girl presented with a fractured maxillary might first permanent incisor (II) as a result of a severe trauma. The child's parents had preserved the tooth fragment in a glass of milk immediately after the injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Er,Cr:YSGG Laser with a wavelength of 2,780 nm was used with 20Hz, 5 W (250 mJ), 90 % air, 80% water for etching of the enamel and 20 Hz, 3W (150 mJ), 65% air, 55% water for dentine etching with a G6 (600 micron, sapphire, 6mm long) tip. For conditioning the enamel and dentine no additional acid etching was used. Only a 2 step self-etched adhesive system Clearfil Protect® (Kuraray Medical, Japan) was applied. Then a flowable composite resin, Grandi Flow® (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was applied in order to bind the broken fragment onto the tooth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The re-bonded tooth fragment has been retained in place and symptom free, as assessed by clinical examination, intraoral photographs and radiographs for a period of 4 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser-assisted re-bonding of a tooth fragment was found to be successful.
authors.affiliation: Denta Form, Mahatma Gandi Cad. Ankara, Turkey. dentaform@yahoo.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uluçam
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries* / Q000528:radiation effects; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods; D008437:Maxilla; D023861:Photography, Dental; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000293:injuries; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents