title: Consumption of meat and fish and risk of lung cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
abstract: Evidence from case-control studies, but less so from cohort studies, suggests a positive association between meat intake and risk of lung cancer. Therefore, this association was evaluated in the frame of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, EPIC. Data from 478,021 participants, recruited from 10 European countries, who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-2000 were evaluated; 1,822 incident primary lung cancer cases were included in the present evaluation. Relative risk estimates were calculated for categories of meat intake using multi-variably adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. In addition, the continuous intake variables were calibrated by means of 24-h diet recall data to account for part of the measurement error. There were no consistent associations between meat consumption and the risk of lung cancer. Neither red meat (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.89-1.27 per 50 g intake/day; calibrated model) nor processed meat (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.95-1.34 per 50 g/day; calibrated model) was significantly related to an increased risk of lung cancer. Also, consumption of white meat and fish was not associated with the risk of lung cancer. These findings do not support the hypothesis that a high intake of red and processed meat is a risk factor for lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. Neuherberg, Germany. j.linseisen@helmholtz-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Frederike L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Büchner
authors.forename: Hendriek C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Boshuizen
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.forename: Inger Torhild
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: Christina C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dahm
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Rikke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Egeberg
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukanova
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: José-Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Laudina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Torgny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rasmuson
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.forename: Dagrun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engeset
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsoulis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oikonomou
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.forename: Anne-Claire
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vergnaud
authors.forename: Wei W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Xun
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors