title: Comparison of four advanced oxidation processes for the removal of naphthenic acids from model oil sands process water.
abstract: Four advanced oxidation processes (UV/TiO(2), UV/IO(4)(-), UV/S(2)O(8)(2-), and UV/H(2)O(2)) were tested for their ability to mineralize naphthenic acids to inorganic carbon in a model oil sands process water containing high dissolved and suspended solids at pH values ranging from 8 to 12. A medium pressure mercury (Hg) lamp was used, and a Quartz immersion well surrounded the lamp. The treatment goal of 5mg/L naphthenic acids (3.4 mg/L total organic carbon (TOC)) was achieved under four conditions: UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) (20mM) at pH 8 and 10, and UV/H(2)O(2) (50mM) at pH 8 (all with the Quartz immersion well). Values of electrical energy required to meet the treatment goal were about equal for UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) (20mM) and UV/H(2)O(2) (50mM) at pH 8, but three to four times larger for treatment by UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) (20mM) at pH 10. The treatment goal was also achieved using UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) (20mM) at pH 10 when using a Vycor filter that transmits light primarily in the mid and near UV, suggesting that that treatment of naphthenic acids by UV/S(2)O(8)(2-) using low pressure Hg lamps may be feasible.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xingdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009821:Oils; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D009821:Oils; D010087:Oxides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C046170:naphthenic acid