title: Early phase drugs and biologicals clinical trials on worldwide leading causes of death: a descriptive analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the global effort targeting the major causes of mortality in terms of "open" early phase clinical trials with drugs and biologicals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen of the 20 leading causes of death were chosen; 9 of these were also amongst the top 10 causes of death in low-income countries. Studies were identified from the ClinicalTrials.gov database and included phase 1 and/or 2 "interventional" "open" trials, i.e. those recruiting or about to start recruitment. Trials were considered in terms of sponsorship [industry, universities and other organisations (UNO), and US federal agencies (NIH included)], genders and age groups included, and whether they were conducted with drugs and/or biologicals. The search was performed in March 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,298 (824 phase 1; 1,474 phase 2) trials were retrieved. Of these, 67% were on trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers (25%); diabetes mellitus (15%); colon and rectum cancers (14%); and HIV/AIDS (12%). In contrast, only 4% were trials on diarrhoeal disease, nephrosis and nephritis, liver cirrhosis, and prematurity and low birth weight. UNO were the first source of funding. Fifty-two percent of phase 1 non-cancer trials were on healthy volunteers. Twenty-nine percent of all trials were co-funded. There were 4.6 times as many drug trials as those with biologicals. Only 7% were conducted with a combination of drugs and biologicals, the majority (78%) on cancers. Discrimination in terms of gender or age group was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four of the 16 diseases considered represented 2/3 of early phase trials. Cancers were a top priority for all sponsors. Increasing attention should be given to conditions with current and projected global high mortality rates that had few "open" early phase trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Medical Immunology and Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain. rafael.dalre@urjc.es
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dal-Ré
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017277:Drug Approval; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004345:Drug Industry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012106:Research; D014481:United States; D014495:Universities
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations