title: Determination of metformin in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using small sample volume and conventional octadecyl silane column.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of metformin in human plasma and urine, using a conventional reverse phase column and low specimen volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extraction of metformin and ranitidine (as internal standard) from plasma and urine samples (100 µL) was performed with a 1-butanol-hexane (50:50, v/v) mixture under alkaline conditions followed by back-extraction into diluted acetic acid. Chromatography was carried out using a C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm). A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 (34:66, v/v) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (3 mM) was pumped at an isocratic flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calibration curves were linear (>0.995) in the concentration ranges of 10-5000 and 2-2000 μg/mL for metformin in plasma and urine respectively. .The mean absolute recoveries for 100 and 1000 ng/mL metformin in plasma using the present extraction procedure were 93.7 and 88.5%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation in plasma and urine were <20% at the lowest, and <16% at other concentrations. The percent error values were less than 2% in plasma while it reached ~9% in urine. The lower limits of quantification were 7.8 ng/mL and 1.6 μg/mL of metformin base in plasma and urine respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method showed high calibers of sensitivity and selectivity for monitoring therapeutic concentrations of metformin in both plasma and urine based on a 0.1 ml sample size._____________________________________________________________________________________
authors.affiliation: University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.
authors.forename: Raniah Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Gabr
authors.forename: Raj S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Padwal
authors.forename: Dion R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brocks
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008687:Metformin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin