title: MicroRNA expression signatures of bladder cancer revealed by deep sequencing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They are aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. In this study, we determined the genome-wide miRNA profiles in bladder urothelial carcinoma by deep sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected 656 differentially expressed known human miRNAs and miRNA antisense sequences (miRNA*s) in nine bladder urothelial carcinoma patients by deep sequencing. Many miRNAs and miRNA*s were significantly upregulated or downregulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to matched histologically normal urothelium. hsa-miR-96 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA and hsa-miR-490-5p was the most significantly downregulated one. Upregulated miRNAs were more common than downregulated ones. The hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-200b ∼ 429, hsa-miR-200c ∼ 141 and hsa-miR-17 ∼ 92 clusters were significantly upregulated. The hsa-miR-143 ∼ 145 cluster was significantly downregulated. hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-195 were evaluated by Real-Time qPCR in a total of fifty-one bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. They were aberrantly expressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to matched histologically normal urothelium (p < 0.001 for each miRNA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, this is the first study to determine genome-wide miRNA expression patterns in human bladder urothelial carcinoma by deep sequencing. We found that a collection of miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to matched histologically normal urothelium, suggesting that they might play roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the development and/or progression of this cancer. Our data provide novel insights into cancer biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jiahao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chaozhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhimao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhongfu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ruilin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zesong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aifa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xianxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiongxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhichen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yaoting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs