title: Cervical funneling after cerclage in cervical incompetence as a predictor of pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether cervical funneling influences pregnancy outcome in women with short cervical length (CL) after cerclage, and to identify funneling parameters associated with pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of women identified to have a short CL with or without funneling after cerclage were reviewed. Women with short CL as well as funneling were defined as cases (Funneling group), and those with short CL but no funneling were the controls (No Funneling group). We compared perinatal outcome between the two groups and analyzed the relationships between funneling parameters and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two patients were included in this study; 39 women with short CL and funneling and 33 with short CL and no funneling. The mean gestational age at delivery of the Funneling group was 33.7 weeks, as compared to 36.5 weeks for the NoFunneling group (p < 0.001). We found a significant inverse association of funneling depth as well as volume with pregnancy outcome (p < 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively). However, funneling width was not associated with pregnancy outcome (p = 0.49).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Funneling depth and volume may be useful predictors of pregnancy outcome after cerclage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Keun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023802:Cerclage, Cervical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery