title: Role of base in the formation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using sodium acrylate as a dual reducing and encapsulating agent.
abstract: The formation mechanism of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized with a wet-chemical reduction method using sodium acrylate as a dual reducing and capping agent was investigated with various analytical techniques. The time course of the state of the reaction solution was investigated using UV-vis and XAFS spectroscopies which showed that the NP formation rate increased with increasing concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The detailed kinetic analyses reveal that both the reduction rate of Ag ions and the nucleation rate of Ag NPs are dramatically increased with increasing NaOH concentration. XANES analyses imply that another reaction pathway via alternative Ag(+) species, such as Ag(OH)(x), was developed in the presence of NaOH. Consequently, NaOH is found to play an important role not only in creating specific intermediates in the reduction of Ag(+) to Ag(0), but also in accelerating the reduction and nucleation rates by enhancing the oxidation of sodium acrylate, thereby increasing the rate of formation of the Ag NPs.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, 923-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagaki
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maenosono
authors.forename: Kohki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebitani