title: Green tea, phytic acid, and inositol in combination reduced the incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors in Fisher 344 male rats.
abstract: Experimental as well as epidemiologic studies in human populations provide evidence that consumption of phytochemicals reduces the incidence of degenerative diseases. Green tea (GT) catechins are known for their antioxidative potential. Phytic acid (PA) also acts as a natural antioxidant and may have numerous health benefits. This experiment was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of combinations of 1% and 2% GT, PA, and inositol (I) in reducing the incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors in Fisher 344 male rats. After an acclimatization period of 1 week, nine groups of rats (15 rats per group) were initially assigned to consume AIN 93 G diet and later AIN 93 M diet after 20 weeks of age. Treatments were given in drinking water. All rats received azoxymethane injections (16 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Rats were killed at 45 weeks of age by CO(2) euthanasia. Tumor incidence (93.76%) and the number of tumors per tumor-bearing rat ratio (2.25) were significantly (P<.05) higher in the control group compared with treatment groups. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (P<.05) higher in rats fed combinations of 2% GT+PA+I and GT+PA (33.25 ± 1.23 and 29.83 ± 1.10 μmol/mL, respectively) compared with other groups. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of the 2% level of GT, PA, and I may reduce the incidence of colon tumors and therefore have potential as a chemopreventive agent.
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081-4332, USA. jrkhatiw@ncat.edu
authors.forename: Janak
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khatiwada
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verghese
authors.forename: Shurrita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Leonard L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000633:toxicity; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007294:Inositol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002273:Carcinogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D007294:Inositol; D010833:Phytic Acid; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001397:Azoxymethane