title: Evaluation of the effects of Quercetin and Kaempherol on the surface of MT-2 cells visualized by atomic force microscopy.
abstract: This study investigated the anti-viral effects of the polyphenolic compounds Quercetin and Kaempherol on the release of HTLV-1 from the surface of MT-2 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to scan the surface of the MT-2 cells. MT-2 cells were fixed with 100% methanol on round glass lamina or cleaved mica and dried under UV light and laminar flow. The images were captured on a Multimode equipment monitored by a NanoScope IIId controller from Veeco Instruments Inc operated in tapping mode and equipped with phase-imaging hardware. The images demonstrated viral budding structures 131 ± 57 nm in size, indicating profuse viral budding. Interestingly, cell-free viruses and budding structures visualized on the surface of cells were less common when MT-2 was incubated with Quercetin, and no particles were seen on the surface of cells incubated with Kaempherol. In summary, these data indicate that HTLV-1 is budding constantly from the MT-2 cell surface and that polyphenolic compounds were able to reduce this viral release. Biological samples were analyzed with crude cell preparations just after cultivation in the presence of Quercetin and Kaempherol, showing that the AFM technique is a rapid and powerful tool for analysis of antiviral activity of new biological compounds.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jordana Grazziela A
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coelho-Dos-Reis
authors.forename: Orlando Ab
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Dener E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bortolini
authors.forename: Marina L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Marcia R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Camila S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Luciana D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Jaqueline G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Jose Mario C
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: Margareth S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Edel Figueiredo
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Stancioli
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure* / Q000821:virology*; D057074:Virus Release / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D044949:Kaempferols; D011794:Quercetin