title: Clinical and histopathological characteristics of familial prostate cancer in Finland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  • To describe clinical and histopathological characteristics of Finnish familial prostate cancer (PCa) through a detailed analysis of cases in families.
  
  
  METHODS
  • In total, 202 Finnish families with 617 histopathologically confirmed PCa cases of confirmed genealogy were collected. • Complete clinical data, including age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, stage, grade and primary treatment, were gathered. The mean (range) number of affected men per family was 3 (2-8). • All the available diagnostic biopsy samples (n= 323) were collected and regraded by the same uropathologist. • A population-based cohort of 3011 hospital district Pirkanmaa PCa patients was used as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  • The mean (range) year of diagnosis of PCa was 1993 (1962-2006) and the mean (range) age at diagnosis was 68 (43-98 years). • The median (range) primary PSA level was 12.0 (0.8-11 000) ng/mL. After regrading, the Gleason score was ≤6 in 38%, 7 in 37% and ≥8 in 25% of men. • The subset of familial PCa men diagnosed after 1995 had higher PSA levels (P= 9.9 × 10(-6) ) and an earlier age of onset (P= 1.7 × 10(-6) ) than men in the control group, although there were no differences in cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • We observed an earlier age of onset and higher PSA in familial PCa. • However, differences between sporadic and familial or hereditary PCa cannot be truly solved until genetic testing of high-risk genes in addition to family history is used to define PCa families. • We also emphasize that, when histological samples are collected over a longer study period, reanalysis of the samples by the same experienced uropathologist should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. sanna.k.pakkanen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pakkanen
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kujala
authors.forename: Nati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Mika P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Matikainen
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schleutker
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen