title: Antigenic and genetic variation in the hemagglutinins of H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza a viruses in the Shanghai area from 2005 to 2008.
abstract: Continued rapid evolution of the influenza A virus is responsible for annual epidemics and occasional pandemics in the Shanghai area. In the present study, the representative strains of A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 influenza viruses isolated in the Shanghai area from 2005 to 2008 were antigenically and genetically characterized. The antigenic cartography method was carried out to visualize the hemagglutination-inhibition data. Antigenic differences were detected between circulating A/H1N1 strains isolated from 2005 to 2006 and the epidemic A/H1N1 strains isolated in 2008, which were found to be associated with the amino acid substitution K140E in HA1. The present vaccine strain A/Brisbane/59/2007 is considered to be capable of providing sufficient immunity against most of the circulating A/H1N1 viruses isolated in 2008 from the Shanghai population. The study showed that there were significant antigenic differences between the epidemic A/H3N2 strains isolated in 2007 and 2008, suggesting that antigenic drift had occurred in the A/H3N2 strains isolated in 2008. The P194L mutation was thought to be responsible for the antigenic evolution of influenza A/H3N2 viruses isolated from Shanghai in 2008. Evidence of antigenic drift suggests that the influenza A/H3N2 vaccine component needs to be updated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Li-wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Ji-xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xi-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Lu-fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Nai-qing
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qing-wu
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000276:immunology; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D040961:Genetic Drift; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009154:Mutation / Q000276:immunology; D058873:Pandemics / Q000517:prevention & control; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines