title: Effect of passive pneumoperitoneum on oesophageal pressure, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas analysis in horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standing surgical procedures are being employed to an ever-greater extent in horses. Pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery might adversely affect the work of breathing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether development of pneumoperitoneum during abdominal surgery adversely influences the work of breathing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy mature horses were equipped with carotid artery and thoracic vena cava catheters and an intraluminal manometry system. The following measurements were obtained before and at +5, +10, +15 and +30 min following establishment of pneumoperitoneum by paralumbar puncture using an 8 gauge needle: vital signs, oesophageal pressure, gastric pressure, arterial and central venous blood pressures, and arterial and mixed venous blood gas analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant changes in oesophageal pressure, central venous pressure and results of arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis were not detected. Arterial diastolic and mean pressures and rectal temperature increased slightly (P ≤ 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive pneumoperitoneum did not adversely affect breathing mechanics or haemodynamic variables under experimental conditions. Changes in arterial pressure could have occurred as a response to the passive pneumoperitoneum or be related to handling stress. Subtle variations in rectal temperature were not clinically relevant and likely resulted from stress associated with restraint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is unlikely that mature horses will develop signs of respiratory difficulty as a result of the development of passive pneumoperitoneum during standing laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: São Paulo State University, School of Agrarian Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Surgery Graduate Program, São Paulo, Brazil. pacanola@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Canola
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Perotta
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Laskoski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Melo e Silva
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Canola
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: C A A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Valadão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D012119:Respiration