title: Noninvasive electrical impedance analysis to measure human urinary bladder volume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess urinary bladder volume in a noninvasive manner using a portable and modified device that measures electrical impedance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel method was attempted to measure electrical impedance and indirect bladder volume, and these data were used to calculate the actual bladder volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase of 0.01 V in the abdominal voltage was observed with every 50 mL increase in the amount of physiological saline infused into the bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is a simple procedure and can be used by technical staff or the patients themselves to obtain continuous, real-time urinary bladder volume data.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. dr.liaowc@msa.hinet.net
authors.forename: Wen-Chien
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Fu-Shan
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Jaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride