title: Effects of long-term antidepressant treatment on oxidative status in major depressive disorder: a 24-week follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating disease that afflicts large populations and has also been accepted to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress seems to play an essential role in the relationship of MDD and CVD. We aimed to determine the level of oxidative stress in patients with MDD and to investigate the effects of long-term antidepressant (AD) treatment on the oxidative-antioxidative system parameters and CVD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients who fully met the fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for MDD and 44 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Control visits of the patients were repeated 6weeks, 12weeks and 24weeks after beginning of the AD treatment. Lipid profiles, oxidation and oxidizability of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (expressed as apo B-b-MDA and apo B-Δ-MDA, respectively), levels of plasma malondialdehyde (p-MDA), total antioxidative capacity (TAOC), antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzyme activities including paraoxonase/arylesterase, red blood cell superoxide dismutase (RBC-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were determined during 24-week of follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the results of the study, p-MDA, apo B-b-MDA and RBC-SOD activity were increased and arylesterase activity was decreased in MDD patients. Body mass index (BMI), vitamin A and total cholesterol levels in MDD patients increased after 24-weeks of AD treatment. RBC-SOD activity, TAOC, p-MDA and apo B-b-MDA levels were decreased; paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and apo B-Δ-MDA were increased at the end of 24th week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress, demonstrated in MDD patients, was partly improved during 24weeks of AD treatment. Increase in paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and decrease in p-MDA and apo B-b-MDA levels after 24weeks seem to be beneficial for reduction of CVD risk in MDD patients. However increased BMI and apo B-Δ-MDA levels are negative cardiovascular effects of long-term AD treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seydisehir State Hospital, Konya, Turkey. ozankotan79@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vahap Ozan
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Kotan
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarandol
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirhan
authors.forename: Guven
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozkaya
authors.forename: Selcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D006728:Hormones; D008055:Lipids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C019734:arylesterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase