title: [Frozen embryo transfer combined with intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells for repeated implantation failure: report of 3 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the efficacy of frozen-thawed embryo transfer combined with intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the treatment of repeated implantation failure (RIF).
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs obtained from 3 patients with RIF on the day of follicle rupture (natural cycle) or when the endometrial thickness reached 8 mm (hormone replacement cycle) were cultured in the presence of HCG for 48 h. The cultured PBMCs, along with freshly isolated PBMCs, were administered into the uterine cavity of the patients. Vitrified cleavage-stage embryos or blastocysts transfer was performed on day 3 or 5, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitrified embryo or blastocyst transfer resulted in pregnancy and healthy live births in all the 3 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frozen-thawed embryo transfer combined with intrauterine administration of autologous PBMCs may be an effective and safe approach to the treatment of RIF and may improve the outcomes of assisted reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. drchenln@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lei-Ning
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Si-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Ya-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Fu-Qi
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst; D015925:Cryopreservation; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure