title: DiSC (direct saccharification of culms) process for bioethanol production from rice straw.
abstract: A simple process (the direct-saccharification-of-culms (DiSC) process) to produce ethanol from rice straw culms, accumulating significant amounts of soft carbohydrates (SCs: glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and β-1,3-1,4-glucan) was developed. This study focused on fully mature culms of cv. Leafstar, containing 69.2% (w/w of dried culms) hexoses from SCs and cellulose. Commercially-available wind-separation equipment successfully prepared a culm-rich fraction with a SC recovery of 83.1% (w/w) from rice straw flakes (54.1% of total weight of rice straw). The fraction was suspended in water (20%, w/w) for starch liquefaction, and the suspension was subjected to a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with yeast, yielding 5.6% (w/v) ethanol (86% of the theoretical yield from whole hexoses in the fraction) after 24h fermentation. Thus, the DiSC process produced highly-concentrated ethanol from rice straw in a one vat process without any harsh thermo-chemical pretreatments.
authors.affiliation: National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
authors.forename: Jeung-yil
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ike
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arakane
authors.forename: Riki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiroma
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai-Sanoh
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokuyasu
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis*; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D005285:Fermentation; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014990:Xylans / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D014866:Waste Products; D014990:Xylans; D000431:Ethanol; D002482:Cellulose