title: The German multi-centre study on smoking-related behavior-description of a population-based case-control study.
abstract: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for most of the diseases leading in mortality. Nicotine dependence (ND), which sustains regular smoking, is now acknowledged to be under substantial genetic control with some environmental contribution. At present, however, genetic studies on ND are mostly conducted in populations that have been poorly characterized with regard to ND-related phenotypes for the simple reason that the respective populations were not primarily collected to study ND. The German multi-centre study 'Genetics of Nicotine Dependence and Neurobiological Phenotypes', which is funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) as part of the Priority Program (Schwerpunktprogramm) SPP1226: 'Nicotine-Molecular and Physiological Effects in CNS', was intended to overcome some of these inherent problems of current genetic studies of ND. The multi-centre study is a population-based case-control study of smokers and never-smokers (n = 2396). The study was unique worldwide because it was the first large-scale genetic study specifically addressing ND with the collection of a wide range of environmental, psychosocial and neurobiological phenotypes. Study design and major population characteristics with emphasis on risk prediction of smoking status were presented in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindenberg
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brinkmeyer
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dahmen
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Millas
authors.forename: Arian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobascher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Svenja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulze-Rauschenbach
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gründer
authors.forename: Katja N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Spreckelmeyer
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clepce
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thürauf
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von der Goltz
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holler
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Lacava
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wienker
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winterer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010641:Phenotype; D011594:Psychometrics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D012931:Social Environment; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000235:genetics*