title: Simulation-based crisis resource management training for pediatric critical care medicine: a review for instructors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the essential elements of crisis resource management and provide a resource for instructors by describing how to use simulation-based training to teach crisis resource management principles in pediatric acute care contexts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE-based literature source. OUTLINE OF REVIEW: This review is divided into three main sections: Background, Principles of Crisis Resource Management, and Tools and Resources. The background section provides the brief history and definition of crisis resource management. The next section describes all the essential elements of crisis resource management, including leadership and followership, communication, teamwork, resource use, and situational awareness. This is followed by a review of evidence supporting the use of simulation-based crisis resource management training in health care. The last section provides the resources necessary to develop crisis resource management training using a simulation-based approach. This includes a description of how to design pediatric simulation scenarios, how to effectively debrief, and a list of potential assessment tools that instructors can use to evaluate crisis resource management performance during simulation-based training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crisis resource management principles form the foundation for efficient team functioning and subsequent error reduction in high-stakes environments such as acute care pediatrics. Effective instructor training is required for those programs wishing to teach these principles using simulation-based learning. Dissemination and integration of these principles into pediatric critical care practice has the potential for a tremendous impact on patient safety and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada. chenger@me.com
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gilfoyle
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eppich
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003422:Critical Care; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*