title: Visualization Techniques for Assessing Design Factors That Affect the Interaction between Pharmaceutical Vials and Stoppers.
abstract: We developed several techniques for visualizing the fit between a stopper and a vial in the critical flange area, a location typically hidden from view. Using these tools, it is possible to identify surfaces involved in forming the initial seal immediately after stopper insertion. We present examples illustrating important design elements that can contribute to forming a robust primary package. These techniques can also be used for component screening by facilitating the identification of combinations that do not fit well together so that they can be eliminated early in the selection process.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Al
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D004349:Drug Packaging; D006801:Humans; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical