title: A follow up study of occupational exposure to 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) and isocyanates in polyurethane manufacture in the UK.
abstract: This is a follow up survey of exposure to 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) and isocyanates in the UK polyurethane industry. Urine samples (n=446) were collected from 90 different workers. MbOCA levels were below the limit of detection in 170 samples and 26 were above the UK Biological Monitoring Guidance Value (BMGV) of 15 μmol MbOCA/mol creatinine. Detailed advice and guidance was given to each workplace at the end of the survey in 2008 and the 90% value reduced from 10 to 3 μmol MbOCA/mol creatinine in samples collected since. There was a positive correlation between glove contamination and urinary MbOCA and levels were dependent upon individual working practices especially how gloves were used. Of the 446 samples analysed for urinary metabolites of toluene diisocyanate 280 were below the detection limit and 126 were above the BMGV (1 μmol/mol creatinine). Of the 326 urine samples that were analysed for metabolites of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, 270 were below the detection limit and 13 were above the BMGV for isocyanates. There was no correlation between urinary levels of isocyanates and MbOCA suggesting different routes of absorption, most likely inhalation and dermal respectively.
authors.affiliation: Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill Buxton SK17 9JN, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coldwell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McAlinden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cocker
mesh_terms: D002617:Chemical Industry; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000652:urine*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008753:Methylenebis(chloroaniline) / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D017953:Isocyanates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D008753:Methylenebis(chloroaniline); D003404:Creatinine