title: Preliminary study of children's exposure to PAHs and its association with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in Guangzhou, China.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous air pollutants generated mainly from incomplete combustion such as automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke. Oxidative stress is believed to be involved in carcinogenesis, and urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as the biomarker to assess such DNA damage. The children's urinary PAH metabolite (OH-PAHs) level were explored in Guangzhou and their associations with 8-OHdG. Two groups of subjects were selected: (1) one group (n=39, 6-7 years old) from an elementary school situated near a heavy traffic road (polluted area) and (2) another group (n=35, 4-6 years old) from a kindergarten situated in a corner of the main campus of a big university (non-polluted area). Urinary 8-OHdG and nine urinary monohydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured, including 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHN), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHF), 2-, 3-, 4-, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-, 3-, 4-, 9-OHPhe), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 6-hydroxychrysene (6-OHChr) and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP). All other PAH metabolites were detected in urine samples from both children groups except for 6-OHChr and 3-OHBaP. Levels of 2-OHN, 2-OHF, 3-OHPhe, 9-OHPhe and 1-OHP were significantly different between two groups (P<0.05, T-test). The elementary school children from the polluted area had higher urinary levels of 2-OHN, 2-OHF, 2-, 3-, 4-OHPhe and 1-OHP ((9.10±7.39, 3.72±2.91, 0.32±0.50, 0.37±0.28, 0.23±0.29 and 0.64±0.07 μmol/mol creatinine, respectively) than those from the control group. The results suggested that heavy traffic pollution led to higher PAH body burden. There existed no significant difference for urinary 8-OHdG concentration between two groups (p>0.05, T-test), and no strong correlations between the individual OH-PAHs and 8-OHdG. However, the urinary 8-OHdG concentration in the elementary school children from the traffic polluted area was slightly higher than those in the non-polluted area (20.87±14.42 μmol/mol creatinine vs. 16.78±13.30 μmol/mol creatinine). It may be that the potential co-exposure of the children to other pollutants affects 8-OHdG concentration besides the PAHs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China. tgxb@jnu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Ruifang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Dongli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chuanwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Shangkang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Zhixia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Shaoling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qiongshan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Runhao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: She
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000652:urine*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000652:urine*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000378:metabolism*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine