title: [Non invasive ventilation: how, when and why?].
abstract: Use of non invasive ventilation (NIV), the delivery of mechanical ventilation without endotracheal intubation, is increasing among patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure, mainly because of its convenience, lower cost, morbidity sparing potential compared with standard invasive technique. An understanding of the technical equipment, the classification, modes of ventilation and the selection of an appropriate interface are necessary for the best outcomes. The parameters which should be monitored during noninvasive ventilation are presented. The majority of studies have used pressure-targeted ventilation in the assist mode. Positive qualities of pressure support ventilation (PSV) are leak compensation, good patient/ventilator synchrony and the option of integrated positive end-expiratory pressure to counteract the effect of dynamic hyperinflation. The interface between patient and ventilator is a crucial issue of noninvasive ventilation. Advantages and disadvantages of face and nasal masks are discussed. The beneficial effects of NIV have been demonstrated in patients with respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35). Arterial blood gas tensions should be measured in most patients with acute breathlessness.
authors.affiliation: Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Gr. T. Popa Iaşi, Facultatea de Medicină, Disciplina de Pneumologie.
authors.forename: Elena Cristina
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mitrofan
mesh_terms: D000142:Acidosis, Respiratory / Q000628:therapy; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D006801:Humans; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome