title: Gadofluorine M-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory bowel disease: quantitative analysis and histologic correlation in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : To determine the colonic mural enhancement in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using gadofluorine M- and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and to correlate the degree of enhancement with the histopathologic severity of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  : This study was approved by our hospital's institutional animal care and use committee. A total of 44 rats with 2 grades (mild, n = 17; and severe, n = 27) of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced IBD and 13 rats without IBD, were examined using a 2.4-T, small animal MR scanner. T2- and T1-weighted MR images were acquired, and sequential T1-weighted MR imaging was then performed immediately and again 15, 45, 60, and 90 minutes, and 24 hours after intravenous -injection of either gadofluorine M- or Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol Gd/kg body weight). The signal-to-noise ratios and enhancement ratios (ER) of the colon wall were measured. For paired and group comparisons of the histopathology and MR imaging data, the Wilcoxon- and the Mann-Whitney U tests were used, and the multifactorial analysis of variance test was used to compare the time courses of the ERs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Gadofluorine M injection resulted in significant differences in the ER of noninflamed, mildly inflamed, and severely inflamed colon wall at any time up to 24 hours after contrast injection (ER at 24 hours 2.0 ± 1.2; 10.1 ± 4.3; and 49.7 ± 10.8, respectively; P < 0.01). After Gd-DTPA injection, significant differences were observed in the ER of inflamed and noninflamed bowel at 15, 45, and 60 minutes (P < 0.01); however, no significant differences in mildly and severely inflamed bowel were observed at any time. In contrast to Gadofluorine M, there was no prolonged contrast enhancement in the inflamed colon wall after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA (ER at 24 hours 1.6 ± 1.3; 3.4 ± 2.7; and 3.3 ± 1.6, respectively; n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Gadofluorine M-enhanced MR imaging shows a higher correlation of the wall enhancement and histopathology grading in an IBD rat model than does Gd-DTPA-enhanced imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany. bernd.frericks@charite.de
authors.forename: Bernd B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Frericks
authors.forename: Anja A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kühl
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loddenkemper
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stroux
authors.forename: Steffi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valdeig
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hotz
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Misselwitz
authors.forename: Jörg C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Frank K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Wacker
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C477144:gadofluorine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA