title: Disruption of urogenital biofilms by lactobacilli.
abstract: The process that changes a relatively sparse vaginal microbiota of healthy women into a dense biofilm of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria is poorly understood. Likewise, the reverse step whereby an aberrant biofilm is displaced and returns to a healthy lactobacilli dominated microbiota is unclear. In order to study these phenomena, in vitro experiments were performed to examine the structure of biofilms associated with aerobic vaginosis, urinary tract infections, and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli were able to form relatively thin biofilms within five days (6 μm height), while Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis formed thicker biofilms 12 μm in height within two days. Challenge of E. coli biofilms with lactobacilli did not result in pathogen displacement. However, the resulting thicker lactobacilli infused biofilms, caused significant E. coli killing. E. coli biofilms challenged with secreted products of L. rhamnosus GR-1 caused a marked decrease in cell density, and increased cell death. Similarly challenge of BV biofilms with lactobacilli infiltrated BV biofilms and caused bacterial cell death. Metronidazole produced holes in the biofilm but did not eradicate the organisms. The findings provide some evidence of how lactobacilli probiotics might interfere with an aberrant vaginal microbiota, and strengthen the position that combining probiotics with antimicrobials could better eradicate pathogenic biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Human Microbiology and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dell
authors.forename: Michelle P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zellar
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cribby
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martz
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Thien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D019936:Probiotics; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000517:prevention & control