title: Coping skills training for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: 12-month outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although it is recognized that caring for a child with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is stressful for parents, few interventions have been developed and tested for this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare a group educational intervention for parents of children with T1D to a coping skills training intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of children with T1D were randomized to the group educational (n = 106) or coping skills training (n = 75) conditions. Parents completed measures of family conflict, responsibility for treatment, coping, and quality of life at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months postintervention. Clinical data (i.e., HbA1c) were collected from children's medical records preintervention and postintervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant treatment effects 12 months postintervention, but parents in both groups reported improved coping (p < .001), less responsibility for treatment management (p < .001), and improved quality of life (p = .005). While children's metabolic control worsened over time, mean values at 12 months were still within the recommended levels in this well-controlled sample (HbA1c <8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group-based interventions for parents of children with T1D may lessen the impact of treatment management, improving coping and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jaser
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.forename: Sangchoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Evie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human