title: [Experimental effect of a shot caused by 4.5 mm cartridges fired from a Norica Dragon air-rifle and a Walther PPK/S air-pistol].
abstract: In Poland, according to the Weapons and Ammunition Act" an air weapon which has kinetic energy of fired projectiles below 17 J does not require registration and can be bought even on the Internet. Sport and recreational shooting with this weapon does not have to be performed in a special shooting-range, but can be carried on in an open terrain providing "particular caution" is exercised. In this study we presented experimental effects of shooting pneumatic weapons (Norica Dragon air-rifle and Walther PPK/S air-pistol) which had kinetic energy of fired projectiles below 17 J. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of shooting the above weapons at human soft tissues and thin bones of the temple region to empirically evaluate the degree of danger to health and life, which such shots can produce. We used 20% gelatine blocks at 10 degrees C, which were the model of human soft tissues, and fresh calf scapulas, which served as the models of the temporal bone of the human cranium. Before the experiment, we had evaluated the weight of all the projectiles and their initial velocity using a chronograph. By these measures, we calculated the kinetic energy of the fired missiles. After shooting, we estimated if projectiles of different shapes shot from air weapons characterized by different kinetic energy and from different distances penetrated the gelatine blocks and if the said missiles perforated the bones. We also measured the depth of missiles penetration in the gelatine blocks.
authors.affiliation: Zakładu Medycyny Sadowej, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. karolanka@wp.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smedra-Kaźmirska
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzdo
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kedzierski
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szram
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005389:Firearms; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D011044:Poland; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*