title: Bovine γδ T cells: cells with multiple functions and important roles in immunity.
abstract: The γδ T-cell receptor (TCR)-positive lymphocytes are a major circulating lymphocyte population in cattle, especially in young calves. In contrast, human and mice have low levels of circulating γδ TCR(+) T cells (γδ T cells). The majority of the circulating γδ T cells in ruminants express the workshop cluster 1 (WC1) molecule and are of the phenotype WC1(+) CD2(-) CD4(-) CD8(-). WC1 is a 220000 molecular weight glycoprotein with homology to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family, closely related to CD163. The existence of 13 members in the bovine WC1 gene family has recently been demonstrated and although murine and human orthologues to WC1 genes exist, functional gene products have not been identified in species other than ruminants and pigs. Highly diverse TCRδ usage has been reported, with expanded variable genes in cattle compared to humans and mice. Differential γ chain usage is evident between populations of bovine γδ T cells, this may have implications for functionality. There is a growing body of evidence that WC1(+) γδ T cells are important in immune responses to mycobacteria and may have important roles in T cell regulation and antigen presentation. In this review, we will summarize recent observations in γδ T cell biology and the importance of γδ T cells in immune responses to mycobacterial infections in cattle.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Health, Division of Immunology, Compton, Newbury RG20 7NN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Efrain
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poulsom
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hope
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: C086500:DMBT1 protein, Bos taurus; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta