title: Lysophosphatidic acid induces neurite retraction in differentiated neuroblastoma cells via GSK-3β activation.
abstract: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid growth factor that exerts diverse biological effects, including rapid neurite retraction and cell migration. Alterations in cell morphology, including neurite retraction, in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease involve hyperphosphorylation of the cytoskeletal protein tau. Since LPA has been shown to induce neurite retraction in various cultured neural cells and the detailed underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, we investigated whether LPA induced neurite retraction through taumediated signaling pathways in differentiated neuroblastoma cells. When Neuro2a cells differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) were exposed to LPA, cells exhibited neurite retraction in a time-dependent manner. The retraction of neurites was accompanied by the phosphorylation of tau. The LPA-induced neurite retraction and tau phosphorylation in differentiated Neuro2a cells were significantly abolished by the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor lithium chloride. Interestingly, the LPA-stimulated tau phosphorylation and neurite retraction were markedly prevented by the administration of H89, an inhibitor of both cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Transfection of the dominant-negative CREBs, K-CREB and A-CREB, failed to prevent LPA-induced tau phosphorylation and neurite retraction in differentiated Neuro2a cells. Taken together, these results suggest that GSK-3β and PKA, rather than CREB, play important roles in tau phosphorylation and neurite retraction in LPA-stimulated differentiated Neuro2a cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Yuanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nam-Ho
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Haijie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Seung-Hyuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Oh
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C115163:CREB1 protein, human; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid