title: Nocturnal blood pressure nondipping in obese African-Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nondipping pattern of circadian blood pressure (BP) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, limited data are available among obese African-Americans. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the pattern of circadian BP variation and to identify clinical conditions associated with nondipping in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 211 obese African-Americans enrolled in a weight-reduction program underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. Nondipping was defined as a nocturnal BP reduction of less than 10%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic BP (SBP) nondipping was present in 158 participants (74.9%) and diastolic BP (DBP) nondipping was present in 93 participants (44.1%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, diabetes was associated with SBP nondipping (adjusted OR, 2.53; CI: 1.16-5.76; P=0.02), and increasing BMI (5 kg/m) was associated with DBP nondipping (adjusted OR, 1.46; CI: 1.17-1.83; P=0.001). In linear regression analyses, BMI was positively correlated to office, 24-h, daytime, and night-time SBP (P=0.03, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.005, respectively) and office, 24-h, daytime, and night-time PP (P=0.01, P<0.001, 0.001, and P=0.003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated an excessively high prevalence of nondippers and independent associations between diabetes and SBP nondipping and between BMI and DBP nondipping in an obese African-American population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20060, USA.
authors.forename: Sirikarn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Napan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwagyan
authors.forename: Otelio S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Shichen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Muluemebet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ketete
authors.forename: Abid R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Maqbool
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies