title: A national survey of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Chinese mothers' milk.
abstract: Seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154 and BDE-183) and six indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners (CB-28, CB-52, CB-101, CB-138, CB-153 and CB-180) were measured in 24 pooled human milk samples comprised of 1237 individual samples from 12 provinces in China. The samples were taken to estimate the background body burden of general population and assess nursing infant exposure via human milk in China. The median concentrations of ∑(7)PBDEs and ∑(6)PCBs were 1.49 and 10.50 ng g(-1) lipid weight (lw), respectively. BDE-28, BDE-47 and BDE-153 were predominant PBDE congeners accounting for nearly 70% of ∑(7)PBDEs. As for indicator PCBs, CB-153 was the most abundant congener, followed by CB-138. In our study, there was no significantly statistical relationship between concentrations of PBDEs in milk samples and maternal age as well as dietary habits. ∑(7)PBDEs did not correlate to ∑(6)PCBs in Chinese mothers' milk. The human exposure to indicator PCBs in China was found to be significantly determined by maternal age, dietary habits and geographical factors. It is suggested that Chinese general population is probably exposed to PBDEs with multiple sources and pathways. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 for the Chinese nursing infant were much lower than corresponding threshold reference values suggested by USEPA.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jingguang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yongning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls