title: Evolving concepts in lung carcinogenesis.
abstract: Lung carcinogenesis is a complex, stepwise process that involves the acquisition of genetic mutations and epigenetic changes that alter cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. Here, we review some of the latest concepts in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and highlight the roles of inflammation, the "field of cancerization," and lung cancer stem cells in the initiation of the disease. Furthermore, we review how high throughput genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics are advancing the study of lung carcinogenesis. Finally, we reflect on the potential of current in vitro and in vivo models of lung carcinogenesis to advance the field and on the areas of investigation where major breakthroughs will lead to the identification of novel chemoprevention strategies and therapies for lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. bgomperts@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Brigitte N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gomperts
authors.forename: Avrum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spira
authors.forename: Pierre P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Massion
authors.forename: Tonya C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Walser
authors.forename: Ignacio I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Wistuba
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Minna
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dubinett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D057890:Epigenomics / Q000379:methods; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D009154:Mutation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents