title: Oral lyophylizate formulation of desmopressin: superior pharmacodynamics compared to tablet due to low food interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Desmopressin is a standard treatment for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Different formulations are promoted as bioequivalent, although these claims are not supported by comparative pharmacodynamic data in children. Food interaction is known to influence the bioavailability of desmopressin. We compared the pharmacodynamics of the 2 most frequently used desmopressin formulations, tablet and lyophilizate, with a standardized meal, allowing extrapolation to clinical reality, where the interval between evening meal and medication intake is limited for school-age children. We hypothesized there would be a faster pharmacodynamic response, and greater concentrating and antidiuretic activity for the fast dissolving (melt) formulation compared to the tablet with simultaneous food intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tests were performed on separate days in identical standardized conditions, starting with a 15 ml/kg water load. After achieving maximal diluting capacity a standardized meal was administered, followed by desmopressin tablet (t test) or melt (M-test). Diuresis rate and urinary osmolality were measured hourly. Paired data from 4 girls and 15 boys with a mean age of 12.1 years were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early response phase more than 25% of patients had a higher diuresis rate with tablet vs melt formulation, reaching statistical significance in the plateau phase (urine collected at hours 3 to 5, p <0.02) and in duration of action (urine collected at hours 5 to 8, p <0.005). For desmopressin melt smaller standard deviations in diuresis rate were remarkable. Concentrating capacity demonstrated no significant differences between formulations in the early response phase, in contrast to the plateau phase (p <0.036) and duration of action (p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With meal combination desmopressin melt formulation has a superior pharmacodynamic profile to tablet, making it more suitable for the younger age group with a limited interval between meal and drug administration.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Uronephrological Center, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Guchtenaere
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Herzeele
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dehoorne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Laecke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vande Walle
mesh_terms: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002648:Child; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013607:Tablets; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D013607:Tablets; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin