title: Ability to perform daily physical activities in individuals with type 2 diabetes and moderate obesity: a preliminary validation of the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were (1) to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (IWADL), a measure of ability to perform daily physical activities, in individuals with type 2 diabetes who are moderately obese and (2) to characterize those individuals with low self-reported ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a web-based survey of individuals with type 2 diabetes and body mass index (BMI) of 30-40 k/mg(2) were used to calculate Cronbach's α and demonstrate both IWADL factorial and construct validity. These data were entered into a multivariable multinomial logistic regression model with survey variables (demographics, health status, weight- and diabetes-related) as the independent variables and three IWADL scoring groups (Low, Medium, and High) as the dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study participants were 349 individuals with type 2 diabetes (mean age = 59 years, 44% male, 91% white, mean BMI = 35 k/mg(2)). Factor analysis indicated a one-factor solution for a seven-item IWADL with Cronbach's α = 0.94. Significant (P < 0.05) relationships were identified between IWADL and variables previously shown to be related to level of physical activity. Ten variables remained independently (P < 0.05) related to IWADL scores, including age, gender, health status, current exercise, using exercise programs or hypnosis as a step to lose weight, and self-reported weight history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IWADL is a reliable and valid measure of the ability of individuals with type 2 diabetes and moderate obesity to perform daily physical activities. This ability may be an important patient-reported end point to include in clinical trials of antihyperglycemic medications that produce weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Global Health Outcomes, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. hayes_clarice@lilly.com
authors.forename: Risa P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Meldahl
authors.forename: Bradley H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000523:psychology; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009043:Motor Activity; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires