title: Monitoring cardiac output trends with end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures in off-pump coronary bypass.
abstract: The optimum method of intraoperative monitoring in patients undergoing off-pump coronary bypass remains debatable. Using capnography and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure may be a helpful method of monitoring cardiac output trends, especially when grafting posterior and lateral vessels. After repositioning the heart, End-tidal carbon dioxide pressures that continue to trend down usually indicate decreased cardiac output and precede hemodynamic and electrical instability. The advantages of this method include simplicity, universal availability, and a short response time to changes in cardiac output.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. hzayed@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hesham Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: D Mark
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pullan
mesh_terms: D019296:Capnography; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide