title: Serum phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial.
abstract: Inflammation may be involved in prostate cancer development and progression. This study examined the associations between inflammation-related phospholipid fatty acids and the 7-year-period prevalence of prostate cancer in a nested case-control analysis of participants, aged 55-84 years, in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial during 1994-2003. Cases (n = 1,658) were frequency matched to controls (n = 1,803) on age, treatment, and prostate cancer family history. Phospholipid fatty acids were extracted from serum, and concentrations of ω-3, ω-6, and trans-fatty acids (TFAs) were expressed as proportions of the total. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of associations of fatty acids with prostate cancer by grade. No fatty acids were associated with low-grade prostate cancer risk. Docosahexaenoic acid was positively associated with high-grade disease (quartile 4 vs. 1: odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34, 4.65); TFA 18:1 and TFA 18:2 were linearly and inversely associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer (quartile 4 vs. 1: TFA 18:1, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.98; TFA 18:2, OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.84). The study findings are contrary to those expected from the pro- and antiinflammatory effects of these fatty acids and suggest a greater complexity of effects of these nutrients with regard to prostate cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. tbrasky@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brasky
authors.forename: Cathee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Till
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Irena B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Demetrius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanes
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kristal
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000097:blood*; D018120:Finasteride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D018120:Finasteride