title: Current strategies for managing providers infected with bloodborne pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1991 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidelines to reduce risks for provider-to-patient transmission of bloodborne pathogens. These guidelines, unchanged since 1991, recommend management strategies for hepatitis B e antigen-positive providers and for providers infected with human immunodeficiency virus; they do not address hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected providers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We summarized current state practices and surveyed state health departments to determine (1) whether state policies have been modified since 1991; (2) whether state laws require prospective notification of patients and/or expert review panels to manage infected providers; (3) the frequency with which infected-providers issues come to the attention of state health departments; and (4) how state health departments intervene.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the 50 states' laws and guidelines to determine current practices and conducted a structured telephone survey of all state health departments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas only 19 states require infected providers to notify patients of the providers' bloodborne pathogen infection, these 19 states require notification under highly varied circumstances. Only 10 of 50 state health department officials identified these issues as requiring significant departmental effort. No state law or guideline incorporates information about providers' viral burdens as part of the risk assessment. Only 3 of 50 states have modified policies or laws since initial passage, and only 1 of 50 discusses the management of HCV-infected providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results identify a need for incorporating contemporary scientific information into guidelines and also suggest that infected-provider issues are not occurring commonly, are not being detected, or are being managed at levels below the state health department.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turkel
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017757:Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011635:Public Health Administration; D013219:State Government; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States