title: Pathological changes after autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine therapy combined with temozolomide for glioblastoma - three case reports - .
abstract: Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent widely used for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has the potential to enhance the acquired immune response to GBM. Here, we describe 3 cases of GBM patients treated with autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) combined with TMZ. All cases demonstrated pathological changes associated with the therapy. After a 4-week break from the standard initial treatments, 1 patient with primary GBM and 2 patients with secondary GBM received adjuvant TMZ for 5 days combined with AFTV injection and were subsequently treated with multiple cycles of adjuvant TMZ for 5 days every 28 days (AFTV/TMZ therapy). Adverse effects related to AFTV plus TMZ were very minor in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed partial response in 2 patients. CD3(+)CD8(+) lymphocytes were frequently detected in surgical specimens and MIB-1 labeling index in 2 cases decreased after AFTV/TMZ therapy. AFTV/TMZ therapy is suitable for larger scale clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kaishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satomi
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D005557:Formaldehyde; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide