title: Innovative synthesis of citrate-coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and its preliminary applications.
abstract: In this study, we describe the development of a facile and effective route for the synthesis of Fe(3)O(4)-based T(1) contrast agent, which can be useful for in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Citrate-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (6 nm) with a narrow size distribution were synthesized by "one-pot green chemistry route" in diethylene glycol (DEG) solvent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different analytical techniques including XRD, TEM, HRTEM, and FTIR. At room temperature, nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic nature with high saturation magnetization. The longitudinal (r(1)) and transverse (r(2)) relaxivities were found to be 35.45 and 51.81 mM(-1)s(-1), respectively. Contrast agent developed by this method showed a relatively higher longitudinal relaxivity (r(1)) and the lowest relaxivity ratio (r(2)/r(1)=1.46) at 3T MR field. The anionic nature of citric acid facilitated non-specific internalization without impairment of cell viability and functionality. The in vitro studies showed both phagocitic and non-phagocytic uptake of these NPs. In vivo MR imaging of swine showed both T(1) and T(2) contrast effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, UP 208 016, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: Namdeo S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gajbhiye
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008280:Magnetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D012997:Solvents; C013484:diethylene glycol; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide