title: Effects of insecticides on behavior of adult Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter psyllaurous.
abstract: The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a serious pest of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) that can cause yield loss by direct feeding on crop plants and by vectoring a bacterial pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacer psyllaurous. Current pest management practices rely on the use of insecticides to control the potato psyllid to lower disease incidences and increase yields. Although many studies have focused on the mortality that insecticides can cause on potato psyllid populations, little is known regarding the behavioral responses of the potato psyllid to insecticides or whether insecticides can decrease pathogen transmission. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of insecticides on adult potato psyllid behaviors, the residual effects of insecticides on potato psyllid behaviors over time, and effects of these insecticides on Ca. L. psyllaurous transmission. Insecticides tested included imidacloprid, kaolin particle film, horticultural spray oil, abamectin, and pymetrozine. All insecticides significantly reduced probing durations and increased the amount of time adult psyllids spent off the leaflets, suggesting that these chemicals may be deterrents to feeding as well as repellents. Nonfeeding behaviors such as tasting, resting, and cleaning showed variable relationships with the different insecticide treatments over time. The insecticides imidacloprid and abamectin significantly lowered transmission of Ca. L. psyllaurous compared with untreated controls. The implications of our results for the selection of insecticides useful for an integrated pest management program for potato psyllid control are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ebutl001@student.ucr.edu
authors.forename: Casey D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Manjunath L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Keremane
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Trumble
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid