title: Parasitism of prehistoric humans and companion animals from Antelope Cave, Mojave County, northwest Arizona.
abstract: Previously, we reported a tick recovered from Antelope Cave in extreme northwest Arizona. Further analyses of coprolites from Antelope Cave revealed additional parasitological data from coprolites of both human and canid origin. A second tick was found. This site is the only archaeological locality where ticks have been recovered. We also discovered an acanthocephalan in association with Enterobius vermicularis eggs in the same coprolite. This association shows that the coprolite was deposited by a human. This discovery expands our knowledge of the range of prehistoric acanthocephalan infection. In addition, findings from canid coprolites of Trichuris vulpis are reported. This is the first published discovery of T. vulpis from a North American archaeological context. The close association of dogs with humans at Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) sites raises the potential that zoonotic parasites were transferred to the human population. The archaeological occupation is associated with the Ancestral Pueblo culture 1,100 yr ago.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Martín H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fugassa
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Adauto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000049:Acanthocephala / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D001106:Archaeology; D001130:Arizona; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000266:history* / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D017229:Enterobiasis / Q000266:history; D004757:Enterobius / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000266:history*; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000266:history; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000266:history; D013987:Ticks; D014257:Trichuriasis / Q000266:history / Q000662:veterinary; D014258:Trichuris / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000266:history