title: Interpersonal problems among 988 Norwegian psychiatric outpatients. A study of pretreatment self-reports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No studies, to our knowledge, have examined what specific kinds of interpersonal problems characterize a general psychiatric outpatient population. Do they differ from the normal population in any specific way, apart from the expected "more of everything"? The aim of this study was to map and categorize a large psychiatric outpatient sample with regard to self-reported interpersonal problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-admission psychiatric patients completed the 64-item version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (Horowitz et al, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation 2000) before treatment. Scores were compared with Norwegian reference data. Profile characteristics of 8 subgroups (octant groups), corresponding to 8 different forms of predominant interpersonal problem, were calculated according to the structural summary method (Gurtman and Balakrishnan, Circular measurement redux: the analysis and interpretation of interpersonal circle profiles. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 1998;5[3]:344-360).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical sample had considerably more interpersonal problems than the normal reference sample. Among the 8 octant groups with different predominant interpersonal problems, the 3 most prevalent in the sample, characterized by a low degree of assertiveness (low agency), were also the most distressed with regard to interpersonal problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychiatric outpatients seem to have the most severe interpersonal problems along the agency dimension; that is, they have problems being assertive. Patients within different octant groups of the 64-item version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems system, corresponding to different kinds of specific, predominant interpersonal problems, have characteristic ways of relating to others, which ought to be identified and addressed in therapy.
authors.affiliation: Østfold Hospital, Psychiatric Division, Fredrikstad, Norway. espbje@so-hf.no
authors.forename: Espen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bjerke
authors.forename: Roger Sandvik
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Ole André
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Solbakken
authors.forename: Jon T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Monsen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008603:Mental Health; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires