title: String-like micellar nanoparticles formed by complexation of PEG-b-PPA and plasmid DNA and their transfection efficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the gene delivery efficiency of string-like PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles in the liver after intravenous injection and intrabiliary infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous solution through spontaneous self-assembly between plasmid DNA and PEG(10K)-b-PPA(4K) or PEG(10K)-b-PP(13K) polymer. The stability of these micellar nanoparticles in different physiological media was evaluated by monitoring the particle size change of micellar nanoparticles with dynamic light scattering (DLS). The transfection efficiency of string-like PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles in the liver was examined and compared with that of PPA/DNA nanoparticles after intravenous and intrabiliary infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These PEG-b-PPA/DNA micellar nanoparticles exhibited unique string-like morphology under TEM. The stability of these string-like nanoparticles in salt-, serum- or bile- containing media was significantly improved compared with PPA/DNA nanoparticles. More importantly, these PEG-b-PPA/DNA nanoparticles mediated 10-fold higher transfection efficiency than PPA/DNA nanoparticles in rat liver when delivered via intrabiliary infusion. In addition, histopathological data revealed that the PEG-b-PPA/DNA nanoparticles induced minimal level of liver toxicity or damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These string-like PEG-b-PPA/DNA micelles can mediate efficient transgene expression in the liver after bile duct infusion, and they have great potential to be used as effective gene carriers for liver-targeted gene delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 205 Maryland Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Torbenson
authors.forename: Hai-Quan
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008823:Micelles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D008823:Micelles; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C011067:phosphoramidic acid