title: Dosimetric uncertainties related to the elasticity of bladder and rectal walls: adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiotherapy is an important treatment for prostate cancer. During treatment sessions, bladder and rectal repletion is difficult to quantify and cannot be measured with a single and initial CT scan acquisition. Some methods, such as image-guided radiation therapy and dose-guided radiation therapy, aim to compensate this missing information through periodic CT acquisitions. The aim is to adapt patient's position, beam configuration or prescribed dose for a dosimetric compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated organ motion (and repletion) for 54 patients after having computed the original ballistic on a new CT scan acquisition. A new delineation was done on the prostate, bladder and rectum to determine the new displacements and define organ doses mistakes (equivalent uniform dose, average dose and dose-volume histograms).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new CT acquisitions confirmed that bladder and rectal volumes were not constant during sessions. Some cases showed that previously validated treatment plan became unsuitable. A proposed solution is to correct dosimetries when bladder volume modifications are significant. The result is an improvement for the stability of bladder doses, D50 error is reduced by 25.3%, mean dose error by 5.1% and equivalent uniform dose error by 2.6%. For the rectum this method decreases errors by only 1%. This process can reduce the risk of mismatch between the initial scan and following treatment sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the proposed method, the cone-beam CT is necessary to properly position the isocenter and to quantify bladder and rectal volume variation and deposited doses. The dosimetries are performed in the event that bladder (or rectum) volume modification limits are exceeded. To identify these limits, we have calculated that a tolerance of 10% for the equivalent uniform dose (compared to the initial value of the first dosimetry), this represents 11% of obsolete dosimetries for the bladder, and 4% for the rectum.
authors.affiliation: University of Corsica, Campus Grimaldi, 20250 Corte, France. cyrilvoyant@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Voyant
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Biffi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leschi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Briançon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lantieri
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003187:Compliance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*