title: The effect of prolonged oral exposure of cockerels to disinfectant (Iodosteryl(®)) on induction of oxidative stress and liver damage.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effect of prolonged oral exposure of cockerels to disinfectant (Iodosteryl(®)) present in drinking water and its ability to induce liver damage and oxidative stress. Thirty-two healthy birds were used for this study. They were grouped into four groups of eight per group. Group I received 10 ml/kg body weight of physiological saline. Groups II, III and IV received 1 part per million, 2 part per million and 4 part per million of Iodosteryl(®) in their drinking water for six weeks. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities in a dose-dependent manner in birds administered with Iodosteryl(®) when compared with control. Significant (P<0.05) increase in sodium and potassium ions was obtained from birds that received Iodosteryl(®) (4 part per million) compared with control. Also, there was significant (P<0.05) increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein levels in all treatment groups (1, 2 and 4 part per million) compared with control. Serum blood urea nitrogen levels increased significantly (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Biologic markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide generation) increased significantly with concomitant significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum glutathione level in a dose-dependent manner when compared with control. Histological sections revealed hepatic congestion, vacuolation and fibrosis at varying concentration of Iodosteryl(®). Overall, Iodosteryl(®) induced hepatic damage, increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defense system; hence exposure of both animals and humans to prolonged iodine disinfectant is potentially harmful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. aa.oyagbemi@mail.ui.edu.ng
authors.forename: Oyagbemi Ademola
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adetokunbo
authors.forename: Azeez Odunayo
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ibraheem
authors.forename: Iji Oluwafikemi
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Temitayo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002645:Chickens; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000633:toxicity*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D004202:Disinfectants; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide