title: Comparing pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement policies in Croatia to the European Union Member States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a comparative analysis of the pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement systems in Croatia and the 27 European Union (EU) Member States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knowledge about the pharmaceutical systems in Croatia and the 27 EU Member States was acquired by literature review and primary research with stakeholders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmaceutical prices are controlled at all levels in Croatia, which is also the case in 21 EU Member States. Like many EU countries, Croatia also applies external price referencing, i.e., compares prices with other countries. While the wholesale remuneration by a statutorily regulated linear mark-up is applied in Croatia and in several EU countries, the pharmacy compensation for dispensing reimbursable medicines in the form of a flat rate service fee in Croatia is rare among EU countries, which usually apply a linear or regressive pharmacy mark-up scheme. Like in most EU countries, the Croatian Social Insurance reimburses specific medicines at 100%, whereas patients are charged co-payments for other reimbursable medicines. Criteria for reimbursement include the medicine's importance from the public health perspective, its therapeutic value, and relative effectiveness. In Croatia and in many EU Member States, reimbursement is based on a reference price system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Croatian pharmaceutical system is similar to those in the EU Member States. Key policies, like external price referencing and reference price systems, which have increasingly been introduced in EU countries are also applied in Croatia and serve the same purpose: to ensure access to medicines while containing public pharmaceutical expenditure.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Department, WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies, Gesundheit Österreich GmbH / Geschäftsbereich ÖBIG-Austrian Health Institute, Stubenring 6, Vienna, Austria. sabine.vogler@goeg.at
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Habl
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogut
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Voncina
mesh_terms: D017523:Croatia; D005062:European Union; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D016134:Organizational Policy; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations