title: Candida urinary tract infections--epidemiology.
abstract: Candiduria is rarely present in healthy individuals. In contrast, it is a common finding in hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care units (ICUs) who often have multiple predisposing factors, including diabetes mellitus, indwelling urinary catheters, and exposure to antimicrobials. Candiduria occurs much less commonly in the community setting. In a majority of episodes in adult patients in critical care facilities candiduria represents colonization, and antifungal therapy is not required. However, the presence of yeast in the urine can be a sign of a disseminated infection. In the critically ill newborn, candiduria often reflects disseminated candidiasis and is accompanied by obstructing fungus ball formation in the urinary tract. In ICU patients, although candiduria is a marker for increased mortality, it is only rarely attributable to Candida urinary tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA. jsobel@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Jack D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kauffman
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002175:Candida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D057785:Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*