title: Does pulmonary rehabilitation address cardiovascular risk factors in patients with COPD?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with COPD have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whilst pulmonary rehabilitation has proven benefit for exercise tolerance and quality of life, any effect on cardiovascular risk has not been fully investigated. We hypothesised that pulmonary rehabilitation, through the exercise and nutritional intervention, would address these factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two stable patients with COPD commenced rehabilitation, and were compared with 20 age and gender matched controls at baseline assessment. In all subjects, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) an independent non-invasive predictor of cardiovascular risk, blood pressure (BP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fasting glucose and lipids were determined. These measures, and the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) were repeated in the patients who completed pulmonary rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On commencement of rehabilitation aortic PWV was increased in patients compared with controls (p<0.05), despite mean BP, age and gender being similar. The IL-6 was also increased (p<0.05). Twenty-two patients completed study assessments. In these subjects, rehabilitation reduced mean (SD) aortic PWV (9.8 (3.0) to 9.3 (2.7) m/s (p<0.05)), and systolic and diastolic BP by 10 mmHg and 5 mmHg respectively (p<0.01). Total cholesterol and ISWT also improved (p<0.05). On linear regression analysis, the reduction in aortic PWV was attributed to reducing the BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure and thereby aortic stiffness were improved following a course of standard multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, School of Healthcare Studies, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
authors.forename: Nichola S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duckers
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enright
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cockcroft
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shale
authors.forename: Charlotte E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bolton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004035:Diet Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6