title: The effect of target-controlled infusion of low-dose ketamine on heat pain and temporal summation threshold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the heat pain threshold (HPT) and temporal summation threshold (TST) before and after target-controlled infusion (TCI) of ketamine with an effect-site concentration (Ce) of 30 and 60 ng/ml.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy young volunteers (n = 20) were enrolled. A thermode was applied to the volar side of each volunteer's right forearm, and HPT and TST were measured before and after TCI of ketamine. Vital signs and psychedelic effects according to ketamine infusion were also observed before and after TCI of ketamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean HPT after TCI of ketamine with a Ce of 30 and 60 ng/ml did not increase significantly. However, mean TST after TCI of ketamine with a Ce of 30 and 60 ng/ml increased significantly, in a dose-dependent fashion, compared with the value before ketamine TCI. Vital signs showed no significant difference before and after ketamine TCI. The visual analog scale score of psychedelic symptoms was higher with a Ce of 60 ng/ml than with 30 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TCI of ketamine with a Ce of 30 and 60 ng/ml increased TST but not HPT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Soonchunhyang, Bucheon Hospital, 1174 Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 420-767, Korea. anpjuno@gmail.com
authors.forename: Joon-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won-Soek
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Hee-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jeong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Ik
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D059227:Postsynaptic Potential Summation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055986:Vital Signs / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine