title: Function of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in mammary gland epithelial cells.
abstract: Previously, we have shown that Pck1 expression in mammary gland adipocytes and white adipose tissue maintains triglyceride stores through glyceroneogenesis, and these lipids were used for synthesis of milk triglycerides during lactation. Reduced milk triglycerides during lactation resulted in patterning of the newborn for insulin resistance. In this study, the role of Pck1 in mammary gland epithelial cells was analyzed. The developmental expression of Pck1 decreased in isolated mouse mammary gland epithelial cells through development and during lactation. Using HC11, a clonal mammary epithelial cell line, we found that both Janus kinase 2 signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 and the AKT pathways contributed to the repression of Pck1 mRNA by prolactin. These pathways necessitate three accessory factor regions of the Pck1 promoter for repression by prolactin. Using [U-(13)C(6)]glucose, [U-(13)C(3)]pyruvate, and [U-(13)C(3)]glycerol in HC11 cells, we determined that Pck1 functions in the pathway for the conversion of gluconeogenic precursors to glucose and contributes to glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis through glyceroneogenesis. Therefore, Pck1 plays an important role in both the mammary gland adipocytes and epithelial cells during lactation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bederman
authors.forename: Jianqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beidelschies
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatzoglou
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puchowicz
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Croniger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D011388:Prolactin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D010729:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)