title: Racial/ethnic residential segregation and self-reported hypertension among US- and foreign-born blacks in New York City.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research examining the association of residence in racially segregated neighborhoods with physical and mental health outcomes among blacks is mixed. Research elucidating the relationship between segregation and hypertension has been limited. This study examines the association between segregation and hypertension among US- and foreign-born blacks in New York City (NYC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual-level data from the NYC Community Health Survey (n = 4,499) were linked to neighborhood-level data from the US Census and Infoshare Online. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between segregation and self-reported hypertension among US- and foreign-born blacks were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level covariates, segregation was not associated with hypertension among US-born blacks or foreign-born blacks under 65 years of age. Older foreign-born blacks in highly segregated areas had a 46% lower probability (PR = 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.72) of reporting hypertension than older foreign-born blacks residing in low segregation areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this NYC-based sample, no association between segregation and hypertension was observed among US-born or younger foreign-born blacks; however, our results suggest possible benefits of segregation for older foreign-born blacks. Further studies should determine whether this association is observed in other cities and identify factors that may mitigate against the adverse effects of segregation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. kwhite@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: Kellee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Luisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
authors.forename: Gbenga
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogedegbe
authors.forename: M Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Glymour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011287:Prejudice; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D001741:Black or African American