title: Religious and spiritual coping and quality of life among patients with emphysema in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although prior research indicates that religious and spiritual coping is associated with positive health outcomes, few studies have examined religious and spiritual coping among patients with emphysema.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the utilization of religious and spiritual coping  and its relationship to quality of life among patients with emphysema, in a 2-year longitudinal follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with emphysema (mean age 63.5 ± 6.0 y, 8 women) who participated in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial were matched on age, sex, race, and education  with 40 healthy individuals recruited from the community. We conducted baseline assessment of overall coping strategies, psychological functioning, quality of life, pulmonary function, and exercise capacity, and we assessed overall coping strategies and religious and spiritual coping at 2-year  follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety percent of the patients with emphysema considered themselves at least slightly religious and spiritual. The patients reported using both negative religious coping (eg, questioning God) and positive religious coping (eg, prayer) more than the healthy control subjects  at follow-up. However, greater use of religious and spiritual coping was associated with poorer illness-related quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with emphysema appear to use various coping strategies in responding to their illness. Future research should investigate if patients using  religious and spiritual coping would benefit from interventions to address emotional distress and reduced quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. emery.33@osu.edu
authors.forename: Marquisha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kozora
authors.forename: Philip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Make
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D004646:Emphysema; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012067:Religion; D013140:Spiritualism