title: Postnatal growth and cardiometabolic profile in young adults born large for gestational age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between large for gestational age (LGA) phenotype, postnatal growth and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adult life remains unclear. The role of IGF1 genotype on LGA-related outcomes in adult life is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the postnatal growth, IGF-I levels, CMR and the influence of the 737.738 IGF1 in adults born LGA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study (n = 515) nested in a population-based prospective cohort (n = 2063); 117 LGA and 398 gender-matched controls appropriate for gestational age (AGA) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometry was evaluated at birth, at 9-10 and at 23-25 years old. At the age of 23-25 years, blood pressure (BP), glycaemia, insulinaemia, homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance, lipids, fibrinogen, and plasma IGF-I and 737.738 IGF1 polymorphism were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large for gestational age subjects remained heavier and taller than AGA at 9-10 and 23-25 years (P < 0·05); at 23-25 years, LGA had greater waist circumference (WC; P < 0·05) and higher BP (P < 0·05) than controls. Body proportionality at birth did not predict metabolic outcome. LGA subjects presenting catch-down of weight in childhood had lower body mass index (BMI; P = 0·001), lower WC (P < 0·05) and lower BP (P < 0·05) at 23-25 years. 737.738 IGF-I genotype differed between groups (P < 0·001). Homozygosis for polymorphic alleles was associated with increased odds of LGA (OR: 3·2; 95% CI: 1·5-6·9), higher IGF-I (56·9 ± 16·4 vs 37·7 ± 16·0 nm; P < 0·01) and lower BP (114/68 vs 121/73 mmHg; P < 0·05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adults born LGA presented higher BMI, WC and BP and appear to be at higher CMR risk than AGA subjects. The 737.738 IGF1 polymorphism appears to play a role on birth size and LGA-related metabolic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aniette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renom Espineira
authors.forename: Fábio Luiz
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Fernandes-Rosa
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Roberto Molina
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Ayrton Custódio
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Heloísa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bettiol
authors.forename: Sonir Rauber
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Antonini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005865:Gestational Age; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005340:Fibrinogen