title: High blood pressure, antihypertensive medication and lung function in a general adult population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies showed that blood pressure and lung function are associated. Additionally, a potential effect of antihypertensive medication, especially beta-blockers, on lung function has been discussed. However, side effects of beta-blockers have been investigated mainly in patients with already reduced lung function. Thus, aim of this analysis is to determine whether hypertension and antihypertensive medication have an adverse effect on lung function in a general adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the population-based KORA F4 study 1319 adults aged 40-65 years performed lung function tests and blood pressure measurements. Additionally, information on anthropometric measurements, medical history and use of antihypertensive medication was available. Multivariable regression models were applied to study the association between blood pressure, antihypertensive medication and lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High blood pressure as well as antihypertensive medication were associated with lower forced expiratory volume in one second (p=0.02 respectively p=0.05; R2: 0.65) and forced vital capacity values (p=0.01 respectively p=0.05, R2: 0.73). Furthermore, a detailed analysis of antihypertensive medication pointed out that only the use of beta-blockers was associated with reduced lung function, whereas other antihypertensive medication had no effect on lung function. The adverse effect of beta-blockers was significant for forced vital capacity (p=0.04; R2: 0.65), while the association with forced expiratory volume in one second showed a trend toward significance (p=0.07; R2: 0.73). In the same model high blood pressure was associated with reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.01) and forced expiratory volume in one second (p=0.03) values, too.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis indicates that both high blood pressure and the use of beta-blockers, but not the use of other antihypertensive medication, are associated with reduced lung function in a general adult population.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany. Schnabel@helmholtz-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karrasch
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gläser
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisinger
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heier
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: H-Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.forename: Rudolf M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013147:Spirometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents