title: Headspace-SPME-GC/MS as a simple cleanup tool for sensitive 2,6-diisopropylphenol analysis from lipid emulsions and adaptable to other matrices.
abstract: Due to increased regulatory requirements, the interaction of active pharmaceutical ingredients with various surfaces and solutions during production and storage is gaining interest in the pharmaceutical research field, in particular with respect to development of new formulations, new packaging material and the evaluation of cleaning processes. Experimental adsorption/absorption studies as well as the study of cleaning processes require sophisticated analytical methods with high sensitivity for the drug of interest. In the case of 2,6-diisopropylphenol - a small lipophilic drug which is typically formulated as lipid emulsion for intravenous injection - a highly sensitive method in the concentration range of μg/l suitable to be applied to a variety of different sample matrices including lipid emulsions is needed. We hereby present a headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) approach as a simple cleanup procedure for sensitive 2,6-diisopropylphenol quantification from diverse matrices choosing a lipid emulsion as the most challenging matrix with regard to complexity. By combining the simple and straight forward HS-SPME sample pretreatment with an optimized GC-MS quantification method a robust and sensitive method for 2,6-diisopropylphenol was developed. This method shows excellent sensitivity in the low μg/l concentration range (5-200μg/l), good accuracy (94.8-98.8%) and precision (intraday-precision 0.1-9.2%, inter-day precision 2.0-7.7%). The method can be easily adapted to other, less complex, matrices such as water or swab extracts. Hence, the presented method holds the potential to serve as a single and simple analytical procedure for 2,6-diisopropylphenol analysis in various types of samples such as required in, e.g. adsorption/absorption studies which typically deal with a variety of different surfaces (steel, plastic, glass, etc.) and solutions/matrices including lipid emulsions.
authors.affiliation: Health - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Pickl
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorges
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sinner
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002138:Calibration; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004655:Emulsions; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D015742:Propofol / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D015742:Propofol