title: Stonefish antivenom neutralises the inflammatory and cardiovascular effects induced by scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri venom.
abstract: Venomous fish are often involved in human accidents and symptoms of envenomation include local (intense pain and swelling) and systemic effects (cardiovascular and neurological disorders). However the only commercially available antivenom is against the Indo-Pacific stonefish Synanceja trachynisStonefish Antivenom (SFAV). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of SFAV in neutralising the in vivo effects of some toxic activities of scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri venom (SpV), and the in vitro immuno cross-reactivity. The SpV (7.5-100 μg/animal) caused nociceptive and dose-dependent edematogenic responses in the mice footpad. In rats SpV (300 μg/kg, i.v.) produced immediate and transient increase in arterial blood pressure and decrease in heart rate. Prior incubation of SpV with SFAV (1 μg SpV/1 U SFAV) abolished the inflammatory response, and significantly attenuated the cardiovascular effects induced by SPV. Western blotting analysis on two-dimensional SDS-PAGE of S plumieri venom proteins using SFAV proved that the epitopes recognized by SFAV are shared with the ∼98 kDa proteins. This is the first report of venom similarities between Indo-Pacific and Atlantic venomous fish, suggesting that the SpV compound responsible for inflammatory and cardiovascular effects possesses similar biochemical and antigenic properties to those found in stonefish venom.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helena L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Thiago N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Juliana B T
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carnielli
authors.forename: Filipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andrich
authors.forename: Karla S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chávez-Olórtegui
authors.forename: Dalton V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Vassallo
authors.forename: Suely G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005397:Fish Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005400:Fishes, Poisonous; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D005397:Fish Venoms