title: Inhibition of key digestive enzymes by cocoa extracts and procyanidins.
abstract: This study determined the in vitro inhibitory effects of cocoa extracts and procyanidins against pancreatic α-amylase (PA), pancreatic lipase (PL), and secreted phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and characterized the kinetics of such inhibition. Lavado, regular, and Dutch-processed cocoa extracts as well as cocoa procyanidins (degree of polymerization (DP) = 2-10) were examined. Cocoa extracts and procyanidins dose-dependently inhibited PA, PL, and PLA(2). Lavado cocoa extract was the most potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 8.5-47 μg/mL). An inverse correlation between log IC(50) and DP (R(2) > 0.93) was observed. Kinetic analysis suggested that regular cocoa extract, the pentamer, and decamer inhibited PL activity in a mixed mode. The pentamer and decamer noncompetitively inhibited PLA(2) activity, whereas regular cocoa extract inhibited PLA(2) competitively. This study demonstrates that cocoa polyphenols can inhibit digestive enzymes in vitro and may, in conjunction with a low-calorie diet, play a role in body weight management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Yeyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D008049:Lipase; D000516:alpha-Amylases