title: Activation of a RhoA/myosin II-dependent but Arp2/3 complex-independent pathway facilitates Salmonella invasion.
abstract: Salmonella stimulates host cell invasion using virulence effectors translocated by the pathogen's type-three secretion system (T3SS). These factors manipulate host signaling pathways, primarily driven by Rho family GTPases, which culminates in Arp2/3 complex-dependent activation of host actin nucleation to mediate the uptake of Salmonella into host cells. However, recent data argue for the existence of additional mechanisms that cooperate in T3SS-dependent Salmonella invasion. We identify a myosin II-mediated mechanism, operating independent of but complementary to the Arp2/3-dependent pathway, as contributing to Salmonella invasion into nonphagocytic cells. We also establish that the T3SS effector SopB constitutes an important regulator of this Rho/Rho kinase and myosin II-dependent invasion pathway. Thus, Salmonella enters nonphagocytic cells by manipulating the two core machineries of actin-based motility in the host: Arp2/3 complex-driven actin polymerization and actomyosin-mediated contractility.
authors.affiliation: Signaling and Motility Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hänisch
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kölm
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wozniczka
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bumann
authors.forename: Klemens
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rottner
authors.forename: Theresia E B
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stradal
mesh_terms: D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000205:Actomyosin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051379:Mice; D024462:Myosin Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051376:Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex; D000199:Actins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000205:Actomyosin; C489224:SopB protein, Salmonella; D024462:Myosin Type II; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein