title: Increasing minimally invasive hysterectomy: effect on cost and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a 3-year period, the main mode of access for hysterectomy at Brigham and Women's Hospital changed from abdominal to laparoscopic. We estimated potential effects of this shift on perioperative outcomes and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the perioperative outcomes and the cost of care for all hysterectomies performed in 2006 and 2009 at an urban academic tertiary care center using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and two-sided Student's t test for continuous variables. A multivariate regression analysis was also performed for the major perioperative outcomes across the study groups. Cost data were gathered from the hospital's billing system; the remainder of data was extracted from patients' medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This retrospective study included 2,133 patients. The total number of hysterectomies performed remained stable (1,054 procedures in 2006 compared with 1,079 in 2009) but the relative proportions of abdominal and laparoscopic cases changed markedly during the 3-year period (64.7% to 35.8% for abdominal, P<.001; and 17.7% to 46% for laparoscopic cases, P<.001). The overall rate of intraoperative complications and minor postoperative complications decreased significantly (7.2% to 4%, P<.002; and 18% to 5.7%, P<.001, respectively). Operative costs increased significantly for all procedures aside from robotic hysterectomy, although no significant change was noted in total mean costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A change from majority abdominal hysterectomy to minimally invasive hysterectomy was accompanied by a significant decrease in procedure-related complications without an increase in total mean costs.
authors.affiliation: From the Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Flushing Hospital Medical Center, Queens, New York.
authors.forename: Gudrun Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Jonsdottir
authors.forename: Selena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kelly N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Neel T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Niraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chavan
authors.forename: Jon Ivar
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Einarsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001900:Boston; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D055815:Young Adult