title: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, an uncommon complication of fetal blood sampling: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: In a recently published randomized clinical trial on intrapartum fetal monitoring, fetal blood samples were obtained in 879 women. One serious complication of fetal blood sampling (FBS) was reported, a case in which physical examination of the neonate after delivery revealed clear fluid loss from the incision site. Four layers of the scalp appeared to be incised. The subarachnoid space was closed with 2 sutures, and antibiotics were started due to the risk of meningitis. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition. In this article, the case is presented and the literature reviewed. We found 12 articles reporting 37 cases of a complication due to FBS, none concerning leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. In conclusion, complications of FBS are rare but can be serious. Excessive fetal bleeding is most frequently reported and often associated with an underlying coagulopathy in the neonate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  After completion of this educational activity, the obstetrician/gynecologist should be better able to assess the chance of possible complications due to fetal blood sampling; select fetuses at risk for complications due to fetal blood sampling; and evaluate certain technical precautions when performing this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Timme P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Schaap
authors.forename: Karlijn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moormann
authors.forename: Jeroen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Michelle E M H
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Westerhuis
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Hens A A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Nico W E
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Schuitemaker
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065634:Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012535:Scalp / Q000293:injuries* / Q000382:microbiology