title: Combined multiphoton imaging-pixel analysis for semiquantitation of skin penetration of gold nanoparticles.
abstract: Interaction of nanoparticles with the skin barrier is a recent area of research that draws a lot of attention from the researchers. However, monitoring nanoparticles in or through the skin is mainly based on qualitative microscopical techniques. Yet, a quantitative approach is required for a better basic understanding. In response, a combined "multiphoton-pixel analysis" method was developed in this study for semiquantitation of gold nanoparticles penetration into different skin layers. The developed approach provides a useful tool for future studies focusing on skin penetration of nanoparticles for the aim of health risk assessment or for the design of topical and transdermal drug delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Hagar I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Labouta
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Labiba K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: El-Khordagui
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D006046:Gold