title: Update on vitamin D and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to climb in many parts of the globe in association with the rise in obesity. Although the latter is clearly a predominant factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, other modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, and certain nutritional factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, are also believed to play a role. In contrast to the findings of observational studies, information pooled from vitamin D intervention trials lack conclusive evidence in support of vitamin D supplementation and changes in diabetes risk or measures of glucose intolerance, although an effect on insulin resistance may exist. Well-designed trials that focus on intermediate biomarkers of diabetes risk in response to increased vitamin D intake are still needed. It will be important to include in the design of these studies selection of insulin-resistant study subjects who have a low (< 50 nmol/L) initial serum vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) status and administration of sufficient vitamin D to adequately increase their vitamin D status to > 75 nmol/L serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Christy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D