title: Influence of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 on embryo quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between follicular fluid levels of propeptide and mature forms of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15 with subsequent oocyte and embryo quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one infertile patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression levels of the propeptide and mature forms of follicular fluid GDF9 and BMP15 were determined by western blot analysis. The levels of follicular fluid hormones (FSH, E2, and P) were measured with automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationships between the levels of GDF9 and BMP15, hormones, oocyte maturation, and embryo quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mature GDF9 levels were significantly correlated with the nuclear maturation of oocytes. The mean mature GDF9 level was 4.87±0.60 in the high-embryo-quality group and 1.45±0.81 in the low-embryo-quality group. There were no statistically significant differences in embryo quality among the patients regarding propeptide GDF9 and BMP15 expression status. There was a negative correlation between follicular fluid levels of P and the mature form of GDF9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher mature GDF9 levels in the follicular fluid were significantly correlated with oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. funda.gode@gmail.com
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gode
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gulekli
authors.forename: Erbil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Peyda
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korhan
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bige
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cimrin
authors.forename: Nese
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atabey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human / Q000032:analysis; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016014:Linear Models; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: C525901:BMP15 protein, human; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15; D043373:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human; C525897:GDF9 protein, human; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol