title: An innovative technique to simply fabricate ZrO₂-HA-TiO₂ nanostructured layers.
abstract: For the first time, ZrO₂-HA-TiO₂ layers were synthesized through EPD-Enhanced MAO (EEMAO) technique in only one step where no supplementary treatment was required. SEM, XRD, EDX, and XPS techniques were employed to propose a correlation between the growth parameters and the physical and chemical properties of the layers. The layers revealed a porous structure where applying higher voltages and/or utilizing higher concentrated electrolytes resulted in formation of wider pores and increasing the zirconium concentration in the layers; meanwhile, prolonging the growth time had the same effects. The layers mainly consisted of anatase, hydroxyapatite, monoclinic ZrO₂, and tetragonal ZrO₂ phases. Increasing the voltage, electrolyte concentration, and time, hydroxyapatite as well as tetragonal ZrO₂ was decomposed to α-TCP, monoclinic ZrO₂, and ZrO. The nanosized zirconia particles (d = 20-60 nm) were further accumulated on the vicinity of the layers when thicker electrolytes were utilized or higher voltages were applied. Emphasizing on the chemical and electrochemical foundations, a probable formation mechanism was finally put forward.
authors.affiliation: School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Samanipour
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bayati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Golestani-Fard
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Troczynski
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mirhabibi
mesh_terms: D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D017886:Durapatite; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide