title: Cross-cultural differences in comorbid symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorders: an international examination between Israel, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between culture and symptoms of comorbid psychopathology in those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) for each country and each sub-scale of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC). Follow-up independent univariate analyses and post-hoc tests as needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separate samples from South Korea, the UK and Israel were compared to a sample from the US in order to examine cultural contributions, using the ASD-CC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, few differences were found. Significantly, the US had significantly higher scores than South Korea on the avoidant sub-scale. Additionally, the US had significantly higher scores than Israel on the over-eating and tantrum sub-scales. No significant differences were found between the US and the UK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultural factors, such as views of typical behaviour, should be taken into account when examining symptoms of comorbidity in children with ASD.
authors.affiliation: Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Ditza
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zachor
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Esther Ben
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Itzchak
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Furniss
authors.forename: Elinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pegg
authors.forename: Johnny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horovitz
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sipes
authors.forename: Kyong-Mee
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Woohyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology