title: Hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate.
abstract: We investigated the utility of 1,6-hexamethylene diamine (HDA) hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of exposure to 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer. Blood samples from 15 spray painters applying HDI-containing paint were analyzed for hemoglobin HDA (HDA-Hb) and N-acetyl-1,6-hexamethylene diamine (monoacetyl-HDA-Hb) by GC-MS. HDA-Hb was detected in the majority of workers (≤1.2-37 ng/g Hb), whereas monoacetyl-HDA-Hb was detected in one worker (0.06 ng/g Hb). The stronger, positive association between HDA-Hb and cumulative HDI exposure (r(2) = 0.3, p < 0.06) than same day exposure (p ≥ 0.13) indicates long-term elimination kinetics for HDA-Hb adducts. This association demonstrates the suitability of HDA-Hb adducts for further validation as a biomarker of HDI exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Sheila L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Fent
authors.forename: Linda G T
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomasen
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Leena A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nylander-French
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003485:Cyanates / Q000097:blood* / Q000633:toxicity; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010150:Paint / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D003485:Cyanates; D006454:Hemoglobins; D017953:Isocyanates; C015262:1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate