title: A mouse model of spontaneous preterm birth based on the genetic ablation of biglycan and decorin.
abstract: Preterm premature rupture of membranes is responsible for one-third of preterm births. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes in humans. In particular, an EDS variant is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal secretion of biglycan and decorin, two small leucine-rich proteoglycans highly expressed in reproductive tissues. Because biglycan/decorin null mutant (Bgn(-/-)Dcn(-/-)) mice demonstrate phenotypic changes similar to EDS, we used this model to test whether either biglycan or decorin or both play a role in the attainment of successful term gestation. Wild-type biglycan null mutant, decorin null mutant, and biglycan/decorin null mutant pregnancies were assessed for the length of gestation, pup and placenta weight, and litter size. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure biglycan and decorin gene expression, and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess protein expression in placenta and fetal membranes at embryonic days E12, E15, and E18. Bgn(-/-)Dcn(-/-) dams displayed preterm birth, whereas the possession of at least two biglycan or decorin wild-type alleles was protective of preterm birth. The number of Bgn(-/-)Dcn(-/-) pups was decreased at postnatal day P1 but not at E18. Biglycan and decorin were upregulated in the placenta in the absence of each other and were developmentally regulated in fetal membranes, suggesting that these two proteoglycans demonstrate genetic complementation and contribute to gestational success in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the biglycan/decorin null mutant mouse is a model of genetically induced preterm birth and perinatal loss. This model presents novel targets for preventive or therapeutic manipulation of preterm birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Calmus
authors.forename: Elyse E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Macksoud
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Renato V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Iozzo
authors.forename: Beatrice E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lechner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058578:Biglycan / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D058575:Decorin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004535:Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008098:Litter Size; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C546885:Bgn protein, mouse; D058578:Biglycan; C546879:Dcn protein, mouse; D058575:Decorin; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger