title: Maternal ambulation during labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the recent advances in labor epidural analgesia, which may have an impact on maternal ambulation during labor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the advent of new epidural adjuvant drugs and new epidural delivery systems, we are now able to use very low concentration local anesthetic solutions with a reduction in the total doses of local anesthetic administered. This allows a much greater preservation of lower limb motor function in the parturient, with a subsequent positive effect on maternal ambulation. Although it is well documented that maternal satisfaction scores are higher with ambulatory epidurals than with other more conventional epidural techniques, the other positive effects, such as shorter labor times, and a reduction in instrumental and cesarean delivery rates, thought to have been associated with ambulatory epidurals, have however been more difficult to prove.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the earliest 'walking epidural' was described in the early 1990s, there has been much research into finding the ideal regional technique for labor analgesia that provides excellent analgesia with high maternal satisfaction scores while having little adverse effect on obstetric outcome. This review attempts to map the journey of the 'walking epidural' from its earliest form to its more recognizable modern day appearance.
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernando
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local