title: Focusing forward genetics: a tripartite ENU screen for neurodevelopmental mutations in the mouse.
abstract: The control of growth, patterning, and differentiation of the mammalian forebrain has a large genetic component, and many human disease loci associated with cortical malformations have been identified. To further understand the genes involved in controlling neural development, we have performed a forward genetic screen in the mouse (Mus musculus) using ENU mutagenesis. We report the results from our ENU screen in which we biased our ascertainment toward mutations affecting neurodevelopment. Our screen had three components: a careful morphological and histological examination of forebrain structure, the inclusion of a retinoic acid response element-lacZ reporter transgene to highlight patterning of the brain, and the use of a genetically sensitizing locus, Lis1/Pafah1b1, to predispose animals to neurodevelopmental defects. We recovered and mapped eight monogenic mutations, seven of which affect neurodevelopment. We have evidence for a causal gene in four of the eight mutations. We describe in detail two of these: a mutation in the planar cell polarity gene scribbled homolog (Drosophila) (Scrib) and a mutation in caspase-3 (Casp3). We find that refining ENU mutagenesis in these ways is an efficient experimental approach and that investigation of the developing mammalian nervous system using forward genetic experiments is highly productive.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stottmann
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turbe-Doan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Driver
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Beier
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006579:Heterozygote; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009154:Mutation; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009153:Mutagens; C508433:scrib protein, mouse; C513190:Pafah1b1 protein, mouse; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse