title: Fathers' involvement in preadolescents' diabetes adherence and glycemic control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of paternal involvement in diabetes care with adherence and glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-six mothers and fathers of preadolescents (aged 9-12 years) with type 1 diabetes reported on paternal involvement. Adherence was measured by interview and blood glucose meter downloads. Mothers' and fathers' ratings of paternal involvement in diabetes care were compared. We evaluated three structural equation models linking paternal involvement with adherence and glycemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers and fathers reported similar amounts of paternal involvement, yet mothers rated paternal involvement as more helpful. The data supported a model indicating links between more paternal involvement and higher HbA1c and between lower adherence and higher HbA1c. Mediation and moderation models were not supported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although paternal involvement was not directly associated with treatment adherence, it was associated with poorer glycemic control. Some fathers may increase their involvement in response to suboptimal glycemic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Marisa.Hilliard@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Marisa E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: Jennifer Shroff
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pendley
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delamater
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drotar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D016487:Parenting; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents