title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The association between some Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) promoter polymorphisms and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. Ethnic differences may play a role in these conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms located in the promoter region of the TNF-α gene and T2DM in Mexican mestizo patients. Nine hundred four individuals (259 patients with T2DM and 645~controls) were genotyped for the -308G/A and -238G/A polymorphisms by PCR--RFLP. We found that the -238A allele increased the risk of developing T2DM in Mexican patients (OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.07-2.29; p=0.018). Moreover, we found that the frequency of the GA haplotype (created by the -308G and -238A alleles) was significantly increased in patients with T2DM when compared with controls (OR =1.56, 95% CI: 1.05-2.31; p=0.026). Our results suggest that the -238G/A polymorphism and a specific haplotype (GA) are genetic risk factors for the development of T2DM in Mexican population.
authors.affiliation: División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Flores
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Valle
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Corona
authors.forename: José G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cobián
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Medina-Carrillo
authors.forename: Alejandra G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: García-Zapién
authors.forename: Edhit G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Cruz-Quevedo
authors.forename: Silvia Esperanza
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Flores-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha