title: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with increased arterial stiffness without changes in carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to investigate the association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) with both arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness (IMT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 731 subjects with type 2 diabetes. DPN was diagnosed on the basis of neuropathic symptoms, insensitivity to a 10-g monofilament, abnormal pin-prick sensation, and abnormal current perception threshold. Arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and IMT was assessed by B-mode ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with DPN had higher CAVI than those without DPN in multivariate-adjusted models, whereas no differences in IMT were observed between patients with and without DPN after adjustment for age and sex. In the multivariate analysis, CAVI was a significant determinant of DPN (odds ratio 1.36 [95% CI 1.13-1.65], P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DPN is significantly associated with arterial stiffness without carotid intimal changes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-dae
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Hun-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jae Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyuk Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Chul Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Moo Il
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bong Yun
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Ho Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Son
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014655:Vascular Resistance