title: Concussion information online: evaluation of information quality, content and readability of concussion-related websites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The internet plays an important role in the dissemination of health information to the general public. Information on orthopaedic sports medicine websites has been shown to be of a varying standard, and to date there has been no evaluation of the overall quality of concussion-related websites.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-stage methodological sampling technique was used to identify concussion-related websites. Websites were assessed for the presence of a quality standard (the HONcode), their adherence to current expert concussion knowledge using a custom-developed concussion checklist ('CONcheck'), and their readability using the established Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  43 Websites were identified from the search strategy with the majority (70%) not HONcode certified. A wide distribution of scores was seen for the CONcheck (0-22), FRE (16.3-77.4) and FKGL (6-17.8). Statistical analysis using independent t tests between websites with the HONcode and websites without the HONcode showed no significant differences between the two groups for CONcheck (t(41)=0.571, p=0.571), FRE (t(41)=0.808, p=0.424) and FKGL(t(41)=-0.964, p=0.341) scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variability in the standard of concussion-related websites highlights the need for sports medicine website providers to consider the delivery, content and readability of information to the public.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physiotherapy Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Osman H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: S John
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schneiders
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: McCrory
mesh_terms: D001924:Brain Concussion; D032882:Comprehension; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000592:standards*; D008490:Medical Informatics / Q000592:standards