title: Nutritional modulation of the inflammatory bowel response.
abstract: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis represent distinct phenotypic forms of inflammatory bowel disease and continue to be a common cause of morbidity. The corticosteroids and the immunomodulatory drugs, which are the basis of treatment for the inflammatory bowel diseases, do not assure always satisfactory outcomes. Nutrition has been used in order to modify the inflammatory response of various chronic inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, the intestinal microflora and the intestinal mucosal disorders play a crucial role. Also, the release of reactive oxygen species is a significant factor of initiation and preservation of the inflammatory reaction in these diseases. The advantages of the nutritional treatment derive from the sequestration of intraluminal agents which may promote the inflammatory bowel response or, alternatively, nutrition is able to modify the immune response, reducing the uncontrolled inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, nutrition can enhance the mucosal barrier function and consists a significant source of antioxidants. This review focuses on certain nutritional components that modulate the inflammatory response of the bowel and aims to present a rational thesis regarding the use of nutritional agents in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Surgical Department, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. telonakos@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Orestis
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Varnalidis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paraskevas
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botsios
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008055:Lipids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D056692:Prebiotics