title: SERS biodetection using gold-silica nanoshells and nitrocellulose membranes.
abstract: We have developed a rapid, reproducible, easy to execute, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for detection of low volumes and total amounts of biological antigens using an analyte capture system derived from methods commonly used in Western blotting. Our method is a "half-sandwich" assay with an antigen detection scheme that employs a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane with 200 nm pore size to capture subnanograms of analyte and concentrate them in a small area from applied volumes as low as one microliter. The SERS probes used for detection consist of gold-silica nanoshells modified with a two-component mixed monolayer system. One component consists of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified Raman-active chromophore bound to the gold surface which allows for SERS detection and imparts particle stability. The second component uses (ortho-pyridyl) disulfide-PEG-succinimidyl ester to couple the recognition antibody to the particle surface. By controlling the reaction time and concentration of thiols, a mixed monolayer is prepared on the nanoshell surface with the ability to recognize low concentrations of analyte and generate reproducible SERS signals. Using this strategy, we have achieved SERS signals that are proportional to antigen present on the membrane allowing detection of total antigen amounts as low as 1.25 ng for some cases. The performance of this new SERS bioassay has been tested with a variety of potential antigens, demonstrating the potential for multiplexed detection of analytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA. bishnoi@iit.edu
authors.forename: Sandra Whaley
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Bishnoi
authors.forename: Yu-jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tibudan
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakaema
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Swarup
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Keiderling
mesh_terms: D003101:Collodion / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D057145:Nanoshells / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003101:Collodion