title: Wine drinking and essential tremor: a possible protective role.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible association of cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and wine consumption with essential tremor using a matched case-control design. Cases and controls were enrolled from 6 Movement Disorder centers in central-southern Italy. Essential tremor was diagnosed according to Bain's criteria. Three unrelated healthy controls (not affected by neurological disorders) per each enrolled case, matched by sex and age (± 5 years), were selected. A standardized questionnaire was administered to record demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data. All cases and controls underwent a standard neurological examination. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression for the matched cases and controls. Eighty-three patients with essential tremor (38 men and 45 women; mean age, 68.2 ± 8.6 years) and 245 matched control subjects (113 men and 132 women; mean age, 68.4 ± 9.7 years) were enrolled in the study. Multivariate analysis showed a significant negative association between essential tremor and wine consumption preceding the onset of disease (adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.64; P = .0005) with a significant dose effect (1-2 glass of wine per day: odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.95; P = .04; more than 3 glass of wine per day: odds ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.62; P = .01). In our sample no association between essential tremor and cigarette smoking or coffee drinking was found. Our data suggest a negative association between wine drinking and essential tremor, which could be explained by the long-term neuroprotective effect of its antioxidant components.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mostile
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cappellani
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Contrafatto
authors.forename: Gennarina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arabia
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Letterio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quattrone
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zappia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents