title: Development of iron-containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes for MR-guided laser-induced thermotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test iron-containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as bifunctional nanomaterials for imaging and thermal ablation of tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  MWCNTs entrapping iron were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The T2-weighted contrast enhancement properties of MWCNTs containing increasing amounts of iron were determined in vitro. Suspensions of these particles were injected into tumor-bearing mice and tracked longitudinally over 7 days by MRI. Heat-generating abilities of these nanomaterials following exposure to near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation was determined in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The magnetic resonance contrast properties of carbon nanotubes were directly related to their iron content. Iron-containing nanotubes were functional T2-weighted contrast agents in vitro and could be imaged in vivo long-term following injection. Iron content of nanotubes did not affect their ability to generate thermoablative temperatures following exposure to NIR and significant tumor regression was observed in mice treated with MWCNTs and NIR laser irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that iron-containing MWCNTs are functional T2-weighted contrast agents and efficient mediators of tumor-specific thermal ablation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA.
authors.forename: Xuanfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hatcher
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: J Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bourland
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Suzy V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Torti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D007501:Iron