title: Synthesis and biological evaluations of novel apocynin analogues.
abstract: We have designed and synthesized a series of novel apocynin analogues, and evaluated their biological activity. Compound 10, an apocynin dimer analogue, compound 12, the lipoic acid (LA) and apocynin conjugate, were the most potent in protecting cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity, had significant activity scavenging ROS induced by LPS, and greatly decreased LPS-induced P67(phox) protein expression. SAR analysis suggests that modification of apocynin can increase its activity. Our results demonstrate that arming apocynin with a powerful antioxidant such as lipoic acid is a valid strategy to design new apocynin analogues with enhanced biological activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sainan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lipeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zaijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gaoxiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Luchen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yuqiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C079789:neutrophil cytosol factor 67K; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C056165:acetovanillone