title: Change in cardiovascular risk factors in relation to diabetes status: the Tromso Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 14 years in relation to diabetes status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on 10,327 subjects who attended the Tromsø Study in 1994 and were screened again in 2007-8. At baseline there were 79 prevalent cases, and 397 incident cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) were diagnosed between 1994 and 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases with DM2 had decreasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) and increasing levels of triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and anti-hypertensive treatment during 14 years of follow-up. Despite decreasing BP, more than 75% of the treated cases had BP above 135/80 at the end of follow-up. Similarly, less than 35% of incident cases using statins had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) below the recommended threshold value of 2.6 mmol/l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite greater relative reduction in cardiovascular risk factors among people with DM2 compared to those without, treatment targets were met in less than 50% of subjects with DM2. Thirteen percent reached the combined targets for glucose, BP and LDL-C control. This indicates a need for more effective strategies to control cardiovascular risk factors especially among individuals with DM2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. josepha_joseph@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Josepha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svartberg
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Njølstad
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schirmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human