title: [Correlation between levels of serum growth differentiation factor-15 and acute coronary syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between the levels of serum growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS) in patients undergoing coronary angiography(CAG).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 120 candidates (30 healthy controls and 90 patients with ACS) admitted to our hospital from March 2006 to April 2008 were included. The patients with ACS were divided into 3 groups: (1)Group AMI-emergency (AMI-E), including 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent CAG within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms. (2) Group AMI 7-14 d, including 30 patients with AMI who underwent CAG within 7-14 days of the onset of symptoms. (3)Group UAP including 30 patients with unstable angina pectoris. The serum level of GDF-15 was determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of GDF-15 for group ACS was (649.0 ± 224.21) ng/L, which was significantly higher than that of control group [(537.2 ± 262.9)ng/L,P<0.01]. The level of serum GDF-15 significantly increased in group AMI-E [(801.6 ± 218.4)ng/L] compared with group AMI 7-14 d [(656.2 ± 252.4)ng/L,P=0.042, 95% CI 1.001-1.061], group UAP [(586.9 ± 225.6)ng/L, P=0.001, 95% CI 0.809-0.950] and control group(P<0.05, 95% CI 1.000-1.012) after being adjusted for relevant covariates. The elevated level of GDF-15 was related to biomarkers, such as white blood cells count (WBC, r(2)=0.276, P=0.002), lactate dehyerogenase(LDH, r(2)=0.288, P=0.004), creatine kinase 2(CK-MB, r(2)=0.350, P<0.001) and troponin T(TnT, r(2) =0.344, P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDF-15 protein expression increases in ACS, and the level of GDF-15 rapidly increases and remains elevated in the early period of acute myocardial infarction. The elevated level of GDF-15 is related to biomarkers, such as WBC, LDH, CK-MB, and TnT. GDF-15 could be a new and independent biomarker in evaluating the patients with cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Ling-bing
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yan-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hai-yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Yu-peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15