title: The usefulness of an earphone-type infrared tympanic thermometer during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: clinical report.
abstract: We evaluated the usefulness of a novel earphone-type infrared tympanic thermometer (IRT) during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Tympanic membrane temperature (T(Tym)) was monitored using the IRT inserted into the right ear canal of 12 adult patients (ASA III) who had been scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass under general anesthesia. Rectum (T(Rec)) and nasopharyngeal temperatures (T(Naso)) were also monitored, and all temperatures were recorded at 5-min intervals during cardiopulmonary bypass. Operating room temperature was kept at 20°-27°C; a conductive warming/cooling system was used to control the patient's body temperature. Of 265 measurements obtained, body temperature range was 31.6°-37.6°C. No complications were related to site of insertion of the monitoring probe. Significant correlations were seen between T(Tym) and T(Naso) (r = 0.971, P < 0.001), and T(Tym) and T(Rec) (r = 0.759, P < 0.001). A Bland-Altman plot showed that average temperature of T (Tym) was 0.06°C above T(Naso) (±0.66°C, 2 SD) and 0.12°C below T(Rec) (±1.78°C, 2 SD). We conclude that an earphone-type IRT is noninvasive and hygienic and could continuously evaluate selective cerebral temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yamanashi University School of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Taishi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masamune
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakage
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001831:Body Temperature; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D004424:Ear Canal; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013821:Thermometers; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*