title: Health-related and sociodemographic risk factors for disability pension due to low back disorders: a 30-year prospective Finnish Twin Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate health-related and sociodemographic risk factors for disability pensions (DP) due to low back disorders (LBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data in 1975 of the Finnish Twin Cohort Study with record linkage to information on DP due to LBD from the official pension registers during follow-up 1975 to 2004 was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Musculoskeletal pain (Hazards Ratio [HR] = 2.36 to 2.39; 95% CI 1.97 to 2.88), smoking (HR = 1.82; 1.49 to 2.22), frequent analgesics use (HR = 1.67; 1.38 to 2.02), and presence of other chronic disease (HR = 1.44; 1.22 to 1.70) increased the risk for DP due to LBD. Years of education decreased the risk (HR = 0.81; 0.77 to 0.85). Associations remained significant when adjusted for familial background.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health-related and sociodemographic risk factors for DP due to LBD can be identified early in life, and they seem independent from familial effects.
authors.affiliation: Ergonomics, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pietikäinen
authors.forename: Karri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Silventoinen
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svedberg
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexanderson
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huunan-Seppälä
authors.forename: Karoliina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.forename: Annina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ropponen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010415:Pensions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult