title: Epigenetic regulation of drug processing genes.
abstract: Drug processing genes (DPGs), namely uptake transporters, phase-I and phase-II enzymes, as well as efflux transporters are responsible for the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of xenobiotics. The constitutive and/or inducible expression of these DPGs is regulated by a group of nuclear receptors/transcription factors. There is increasing evidence that these DPGs and nuclear receptors are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Herein, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of these DPGs and nuclear receptors, with particular emphasis on roles of epigenetics in regulating tissue-specific expression, changes in gene expression during development, and alterations of gene expression during carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA. cklaasse@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Curtis D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Julia Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D050216:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009928:Organ Specificity; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006657:Histones; D035683:MicroRNAs; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System