title: [Managements for jaundice].
abstract: Jaundice is a yellowish pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia, which itself has various causes. Jaundice related to malignant tumors is classified as obstructive jaundice. This disease proceeds from biliary tract obstruction and liver failure by progression of intrahepatic tumors, including metastases from other malignancies. Biliary tract cancer, pancreatic head cancer, or lymph nodes metastases from other sites of cancer are mainly responsible for the obstruction of the bile duct. In patients with obstructive jaundice, biliary drainage is often required in order to give treatments such as chemotherapy. In patients with biliary drainage, various complications arise, such as cholangitis due to obstruction ofa biliary stent, and bleeding from the ulcer due to a dislodged stent to the duodenum. It is crucial to manage those complications as oncologic emergencies. Jaundice of liver failure due to hepatic metastases is often observed in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies such as gastric cancer or colorectal cancer. Although chemotherapy is the usual application for those patients, useful anti-cancer agents are limited. It is crucial to diagnose and decide the best treatments as soon as possible for patients with very advanced hepatic metastases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagashima
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007565:Jaundice / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis