title: Hydroquinone, a benzene metabolite, and leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Hydroquinone is a phenolic metabolite of benzene, a known human carcinogen. Hydroquinone is widely used in the industry. We report a case of a 43-year-old male diagnosed with antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia following 16 years of occupational exposure to hydroquinone in radiographic developer solution. Cytogenetic studies revealed aberrations in chromosome 5 and chromosome 7. We review the literature on hydroquinone as a potential cause of hematolymphatic cancers and discuss the role of hydroquinone as a genotoxic and leukemogenic agent.
authors.affiliation: Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zlotolow
authors.forename: Nachman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brautbar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001554:Benzene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning / Q000633:toxicity; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000633:toxicity; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000633:toxicity; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D009153:Mutagens; D001554:Benzene; C031927:hydroquinone