title: Signalling by insulin and IGF receptors: supporting acts and new players.
abstract: The signalling pathways utilised by insulin receptor (IR) and IGF receptor to transduce their diverse effects on cellular metabolism, growth and survival are well established in broad outline, but many details remain to be elucidated. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IR substrates and Shc initiates signalling via canonical phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Ras/MAP kinase pathways, which together mediate many of the actions of insulin and IGFs. However, a variety of additional substrates and scaffolds have been described that may play roles in modulating the canonical pathways or in specific biological responses. This review will focus on recent studies that have extended our understanding of insulin/IGF signalling pathways, and the elements that may contribute to specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. ks14@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siddle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021381:Protein Transport; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D005947:Glucose