title: Human bocavirus as an important cause of respiratory tract infection in Taiwanese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human bocavirus (HBoV), first described in September 2005, was considered a causative agent of previously unexplained respiratory tract diseases. However, only few reports provide the evidence for an association between HBoV and respiratory tract diseases. We conducted a prospective clinical and molecular study of HBoV in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 705 children who visited our outpatient pediatric clinics in a medical center because of symptoms and signs of respiratory tract infections from November 2008 to October 2009. Throat swab was performed and HBoV polymerase chain reaction and viral culture were done simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive viral results were confirmed in 159 (22.6%) of the 705 children. HBoV was found in 35 samples and it was supposed to be as a single virus in 32 samples because viral isolation of these 32 samples did not identify other virus. The other three patients had coinfection with another virus. One child got HBoV reinfection 6 months after the first infection. Seventy-one percentage of these HBoV infections occurred between November and March. Of the 34 children with positive HBoV, 26 (76%) patients were younger than 5 years; their common symptoms were cough, rhinorrhea, and fever; the most common diagnoses were bronchitis (34%, 12/35) and sinusitis (31%, 11/35) followed by pharyngitis (29%, 10/35) and asthma exacerbation (26%, 9/35). Three of the 34 patients needed hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBoV is an emerging human parvovirus that may cause respiratory tract infection in young children. Diseases associated with HBoV may range from pharyngitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media to bronchitis, asthma, and even pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yunn
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chuan-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chun-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pei-Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Ping-Ing
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Luan-Yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology