title: The growth of neighborhood disorder and marijuana use among urban adolescents: a case for policy and environmental interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the growth of neighborhood disorder and subsequent marijuana use among urban adolescents transitioning into young adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are derived from a longitudinal sample of 434 predominately African American 12th graders followed-up at 2 years after high school. The data are rich in repeated measures documenting substance use and misuse and neighborhood characteristics. Growth mixture modeling was used to examine how neighborhood disorder trajectories, measured through the presence of abandoned buildings on the blocks where participants reside, influence subsequent drug use beginning in late adolescence and into young adulthood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A four-class solution characterizing neighborhood growth was selected as the final model and included rapidly improving, slightly improving, always-good, and deteriorating neighborhoods. Young adults living in neighborhoods that had been deteriorating over time were 30% more likely to use marijuana 2 years after high school than adolescents living in always-good neighborhoods (odds ratio = 1.30, p = .034). There was no relationship between living in a neighborhood that was improving and marijuana use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified a salient and malleable neighborhood characteristic, abandoned housing, which predicted elevated risk for young-adult marijuana use. This research supports environmental strategies that target abandoned buildings as a means to improve health and health behaviors for community residents, particularly young-adult substance use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, 8th Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. dholden@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: C Debra M
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Furr-Holden
authors.forename: Myong Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.forename: Renee M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Kwang-Sig
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nicholas S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ialongo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012940:Social Problems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult