title: [Smoking and stroke].
abstract: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the brain infarction (lacunar and atherothrombotic brain infarction) and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Not only active smoking but also passive smoking and smokeless tobacco products pose a risk. The risk after smoking cessation for 5-10 years is equal to that faced by a non-smoker. Many patients continue smoking even after an attack of stroke; therefore, support measures to enforce nonsmoking are required in this high-risk population. We offer nonsmoking support using the 5A approach, and assess the nonsmoking stage (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance). We also administer medical therapy for smoking cessation when the patients find it difficult to quit smoking on their own accord. Nicotine dependency needs a follow-up like that required for other risk factors in the primary and secondary prevention of the stroke because smoking is a chronic disease that tends to recur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kotoh, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D012944:Social Support; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution