title: Nanomusical systems visualized and controlled in 4D electron microscopy.
abstract: Nanomusical systems, nanoharp and nanopiano, fabricated as arrays of cantilevers by focused ion beam milling of a layered Ni/Ti/Si(3)N(4) thin film, have been investigated in 4D electron microscopy. With the imaging and selective femtosecond and nanosecond control combinations, full characterization of the amplitude and phase of the resonant response of a particular cantilever relative to the optical pulse train was possible. Using a high repetition rate, low energy optical pulse train for selective, resonant excitation, coupled with pulsed and steady-state electron imaging for visualization in space and time, both the amplitude on the nanoscale and resonance of motion on the megahertz scale were resolved for these systems. Tilting of the specimen allowed in-plane and out-of-plane cantilever bending and cantilever torsional motions to be identified in stroboscopic measurements of impulsively induced free vibration. Finally, the transient, as opposed to steady state, thermostat effect was observed for the layered nanocantilevers, with a sufficiently sensitive response to demonstrate suitability for in situ use in thin-film temperature measurements requiring resolutions of <10 K and 10 μm on time scales here mechanically limited to microseconds and potentially at shorter times.
authors.affiliation: Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
authors.forename: J Spencer
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Hyun Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zewail
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D008422:Materials Testing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009038:Motion; D009146:Music; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium