title: Ten-year follow-up of eyes treated with stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term effects of stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation on eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all eyes treated with stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation (20-40 Gy, 2-Gy fractions) between 1997 and 2000 was performed to identify eyes with ≥ 2-year follow-up for analysis. A subset was imaged prospectively using a high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 94 eyes treated, 33 eyes (32 subjects) had ≥ 2-year follow-up information (mean follow-up, 6.2 years; range, 2-10 years). Final visual acuity ranged from 20/50 to no light perception. Final macular findings included central geographic atrophy (49%), disciform scar (30%), and active choroidal neovascular membrane (9%). Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography images of three eyes with geographic atrophy revealed photoreceptor layer loss within areas of geographic atrophy with intact retinal morphology in areas of radiation exposure outside geographic atrophy. Radiation retinopathy was suspected in 18% and confirmed by fluorescein angiography in 15%, ranging from mild to neovascular glaucoma/phthisis bulbi (2 eyes). Mean time from stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation to development of radiation retinopathy was 5.4 years (range, 1-10 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A moderate rate of delayed radiation retinopathy was noted in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with stereotactic fractionated external beam radiation. Geographic atrophy was a common finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: Rupan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trikha
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zawadzki
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Susanna S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology