title: An alternative explicit model expression equivalent to the integrated michaelis-menten equation and its application to nonlinear saturation pharmacokinetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many pharmacodynamic processes can be described by the nonlinear saturation kinetics that are most frequently based on the hyperbolic Michaelis-Menten equation. Thus, various time-dependent solutions for drugs obeying such kinetics can be expressed in terms of the Lambert W(x)-omega function. However, unfortunately, computer programs that can perform the calculations for W(x) are not widely available. To avoid this problem, the replacement of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation with an empiric integrated 1--exp alternative model equation was proposed recently by Keller et al. (Ther Drug Monit. 2009;31:783-785), although, as shown here, it was not necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simulated concentrations of model drugs obeying Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics were generated by two approaches: 1) calculation of time-course data based on an approximation equation W2*(x) performed using Microsoft Excel; and 2) calculation of reference time-course data based on an exact W(x) function built in to the Wolfram Mathematica.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I show here that the W2*(x) function approximates the actual W(x) accurately. W2*(x) is expressed in terms of elementary mathematical functions and, consequently, it can be easily implemented using any of the widely available software. Hence, with the example of a hypothetical drug, I demonstrate here that an equation based on this approximation is far better, because it is nearly equivalent to the original solution, whereas the same characteristics cannot be fully confirmed for the 1--exp model equation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The W2*(x) equation proposed here might have an important role as a useful shortcut in optional software to estimate kinetic parameters from experimental data for drugs, and it might represent an easy and universal analytical tool for simulating and designing dosing regimens.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. marko.golicnik@mf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goličnik
mesh_terms: D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D012984:Software