title: Long-term follow-up of patients after antegrade continence enema procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antegrade continence enema (ACE) has become an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of intractable constipation and fecal incontinence. There are little data available on the long-term performance of the ACE procedure in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients who underwent the ACE procedure was conducted. Irrigation characteristics and complications were noted. Outcome was assessed for individual encounters based on frequency of bowel movements, incontinence, pain, and predictability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventeen patients underwent an ACE. One hundred five patients had at least 6 months of follow-up, and were included in the analysis. Diagnoses included myelodysplasia (39%), functional intractable constipation (26%), anorectal malformations (21%), nonrelaxing internal anal sphincter (7%), cerebral palsy (3%), and other diagnoses (4%). The average follow-up was 68 months (range 7-178 months). At the last follow-up, 69% of patients had successful bowel management. Of the 31% of patients who did not have successful bowel management, 20% were using the ACE despite suboptimal results, 10% required surgical removal, and 2% were not using the ACE because of behavioral opposition to it. Patients were started on normal saline, but were switched to GoLYTELY (PEG-3350 and electrolyte solution) if there was an inadequate response (61% at final encounter). Additives were needed in 34% of patients. The average irrigation dose was 23 ± 0.7 mL/kg. The average toilet sitting time was 51.7 ± 3.5 minutes, with infusions running for 12.1 ± 1.2 minutes. Stomal complications occurred in 63% (infection, leakage, and stenosis) of patients, 33% required surgical revision and 6% eventually required diverting ostomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term use of the ACE gives successful results in 69% of patients, whereas 63% had a stoma-related complication and 33% required surgical revision of the stoma.
authors.affiliation: Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Anees A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Stuart B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nurko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000473:pathology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation / Q000628:therapy*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003672:Defecation; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004733:Enema / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010030:Ostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054047:Surgical Stomas; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; C033608:Golytely; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012965:Sodium Chloride