title: Serum placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -2 levels in periodontal disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is the evaluation of levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble VEGF receptor (sVEGFR)-1 and -2 in the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and nine mothers, who recently gave birth, and 51 women who were not recently pregnant, aged 18 to 35 years, were included in this study. The mothers were classified as term birth, preterm birth (PTB), and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in respect to their gestational age and baby's birth weight. The birth mothers were grouped as having gingivitis or periodontitis. The non-pregnant group also included periodontally healthy patients. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF, PIGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mother's weight, education, and income level were significantly associated with pregnancy outcomes. Serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, VEGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 showed an increase in significance when related to pregnancy. Whereas in the PLBW group IL-1β, VEGF, and sVEGFR-2 levels were increased, in the PTB group sVEGFR-1 levels were increased. Additionally, the patients in the PLBW group with periodontitis had higher serum levels of IL-1β, VEGF, sVEGFR-2, and IL-1β/IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The serum levels of IL-1β, VEGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 may have a potential effect on the mechanism of the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tuba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sert
authors.forename: F Yeşim
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Kırzıoğlu
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fentoğlu
authors.forename: Firdevs
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aylak
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mungan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor