title: Near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography for assessment of carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG) as a tracer has recently been introduced as a novel technique for neurosurgery. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients (7 females, 53 males; mean age, 71.8 years) undergoing CEA for severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were included. During CEA, microscope-integrated intraoperative NIR videoangiographic recording was performed before and after the excision of the plaque and closure of the ICA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 60 CEA procedures, 60 consecutive ICG videoangiographic examinations were performed. All patients tolerated the intravenous injection of ICG well with no adverse effects. The videoangiographic study showed the blood stream of the ICA in all cases and the position of plaque in some cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microscope-based ICG videoangiography is simple, and provides reliable and rapid intraoperative assessment of CEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-8563, Japan. sei.haga@kyumed.jp
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uka
authors.forename: Yojiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Tadahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green