title: Why is PTPN22 a good candidate susceptibility gene for autoimmune disease?
abstract: The PTPN22 locus is one of the strongest risk factors outside of the major histocompatability complex that associates with autoimmune diseases. PTPN22 encodes lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) which is expressed exclusively in immune cells. A single base change in the coding region of this gene resulting in an arginine to tryptophan amino acid substitution within a polyproline binding motif associates with type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, Hashimotos thyroiditis, Graves disease, Addison's disease, Myasthenia Gravis, vitiligo, systemic sclerosis juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Here, we review the current understanding of the PTPN22 locus from a genetic, geographical, biochemical and functional perspective.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College School of Medicine, King's College London, UK. garth.burn@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Garth L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burn
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Blanco
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cope
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D050505:Mutant Proteins; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22