title: A comparison of depression prevalence estimates measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire with two administration modes: computer-assisted telephone interviewing versus computer-assisted personal interviewing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare depression prevalence estimates measured by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) with two administration modes in two national surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on adults aged 18 years and older who participated in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (n = 198,678) and those who participated in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 4,800) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude PHQ-8 depression prevalence estimate using the diagnostic algorithm was higher in BRFSS with computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) (9.16%, SE 0.15) than in NHANES with computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) (6.28%, SE 0.59) (P < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, the difference in the prevalence estimates remained (9.68% in BRFSS vs. 6.13% in NHANES, P < 0.001). Similar differences in the depression prevalence estimates using the PHQ-8 cutoff score ≥10 were detected (9.22% in BRFSS vs. 5.15% in NHANES, P < 0.001). Significant differences in the depression prevalence persisted in subgroups stratified by demographic characteristics and major health risk factors and outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PHQ-8 administered by CATI yielded about 3.5% higher depression prevalence estimate than that by CAPI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Surveillance, Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cli@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Chaoyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Lina S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Balluz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013689:Telephone; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D055815:Young Adult