title: Neonatal outcome of 724 children born after ICSI using non-ejaculated sperm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Safety concerns have been expressed regarding the use of immature non-ejaculated spermatozoa for ICSI. Therefore, adverse health outcomes, birth parameters, major anomaly rates and chromosomal aberrations in children born after ICSI using testicular and epididymal sperm were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data and results of physical examinations of 530 children born after ICSI with testicular sperm and of 194 children born after ICSI with epididymal sperm were compared with data on 2516 ICSI children born using ejaculated sperm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Birth parameters, stillborn rates, prematurity rates and rates of low birthweight and very low birthweight were comparable between the non-ejaculated and the ejaculated sperm groups. The perinatal death rate was higher for twins but not for singletons in the non-ejaculated sperm group in comparison to the control cohort of children born using ejaculated sperm. A non-significant increase in major anomalies was reported in the non-ejaculated sperm group in comparison to the ejaculated sperm group. No more anomalies were observed in pre- and post-natal karyotypes from viable pregnancies established using non-ejaculated sperm versus ejaculated sperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall neonatal health in terms of birth parameters, major anomalies and chromosomal aberrations in our large cohort of children born by the use of non-ejaculated sperm seems reassuring in comparison to the outcome of children born after the use of ejaculated sperm.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium. florence.belva@uzbrussel.be
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belva
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Schrijver
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tournaye
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liebaers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haentjens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonduelle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D004542:Ejaculation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014427:Twins