title: Examining the dimensions of hospital safety climate and psychosocial risk factors among Japanese nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensions, reliability, and main loading factors associated with a Japanese safety climate and psychosocial risk factor scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used a cross-sectional survey of nurses from a university teaching hospital in Japan during 2008 (N = 996). The survey tools were based on components previously identified in a variety of international studies, including the Hospital Safety Climate Scale (HSCS) originally developed by Gershon et al. in 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis of the Japanese HSCS demonstrated key themes in the areas of workplace-related issues, protective devices or mechanisms, and managerial dimensions (Cronbach's α = .887). Factor analysis of the psychosocial scale revealed key themes comprising individually related items and group dynamics (Cronbach's α = .882).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed high internal consistency in the Japanese-language safety climate and psychosocial risk factor scales. The authors also identified various factors and themes consistent with previous international research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcultural research using standard psychosocial tools can reveal important and reliable findings if carefully translated and adapted for the host environment.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia. derek.smith@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: Derek R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sairenchi
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Shizue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayama
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Townley-Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000523:psychology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006761:Hospitals; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009729:Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology