title: Computer-based identification of type 2 diabetic subjects with and without neuropathy using dynamic planter pressure and principal component analysis.
abstract: Diabetes is a chronic disease that is characterized by an increased blood glucose level due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is common in middle aged and old people. In this work, we present a technique to analyze dynamic foot pressures images and classify them into normal, diabetes type 2 with and without neuropathy classes. Plantar pressure images were obtained using the F-Scan (Tekscan, USA) in-shoe measurement system. We used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and extracted the eigenvalues from different regions of the foot image. The features extracted from region 1 of the foot pressure image, which were found to be clinically significant, were fed into the Fuzzy classifier (Sugeno model) for automatic classification. Our results show that the proposed method is able to identify the unknown class with an accuracy of 93.7%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 83.3%. Moreover, in this work, we have proposed an integrated index using the eigenvalues to differentiate the normal subjects from diabetes with and without neuropathy subjects using just one number. This index will help the clinicians in easy and objective daily screening, and it can also be used as an adjunct tool to cross check their diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Electronic & Computer Engineering Division, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore. aru@np.edu.sg
authors.forename: U Rajendra
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Vinitha Sree
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Subbhuraam
authors.forename: Chua Kuang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Tan Peck
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Dhanjoo N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Ghista
authors.forename: Subhagata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Kwan-Hoong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000145:classification*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States; D058067:Wavelet Analysis