title: Effects of perceptual and contextual enrichment on visual confrontation naming in adult aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enriching line drawings with color/texture and environmental context as a facilitator of naming speed and accuracy in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty young and 23 older adults named high-frequency picture stimuli from the Boston Naming Test (Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 2001) under three conditions: (a) black-and-white items, (b) colorized-texturized items, and (c) scene-primed colored items (e.g., "hammock" preceded 1,000 ms by a backyard scene).
  
  
  RESULTS
  With respect to speeded naming latencies, mixed-model analyses of variance revealed that young adults did not benefit from colorization-texturization but did show scene-priming effects. In contrast, older adults failed to show facilitation effects from either colorized-texturized or scene-primed items. Moreover, older adults were consistently slower to initiate naming than were their younger counterparts across all conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceptual and contextual enrichment of sparse line drawings does not appear to facilitate visual confrontation naming in older adults, whereas younger adults do tend to show benefits of scene priming. We interpret these findings as generally supportive of a processing speed account of age-related object picture-naming difficulty.
authors.affiliation: Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA. yrogalski@ithaca.edu
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rogalski
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peelle
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003210:Concept Formation; D003463:Cues; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult