title: The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association charged a workgroup with the task of revising the 1984 criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The workgroup sought to ensure that the revised criteria would be flexible enough to be used by both general healthcare providers without access to neuropsychological testing, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid measures, and specialized investigators involved in research or in clinical trial studies who would have these tools available. We present criteria for all-cause dementia and for AD dementia. We retained the general framework of probable AD dementia from the 1984 criteria. On the basis of the past 27 years of experience, we made several changes in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis. We also retained the term possible AD dementia, but redefined it in a manner more focused than before. Biomarker evidence was also integrated into the diagnostic formulations for probable and possible AD dementia for use in research settings. The core clinical criteria for AD dementia will continue to be the cornerstone of the diagnosis in clinical practice, but biomarker evidence is expected to enhance the pathophysiological specificity of the diagnosis of AD dementia. Much work lies ahead for validating the biomarker diagnosis of AD dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. guy.mckhann@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McKhann
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Knopman
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chertkow
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Clifford R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Claudia H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kawas
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Klunk
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koroshetz
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Manly
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayeux
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mohs
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Martin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rossor
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Creighton H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Phelps
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D054561:National Institute on Aging (U.S.) / Q000592:standards*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012955:Societies, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers