title: [The immune response of human keratinocytes to Trichophyton rubrum conidia is partially mediated by toll-like receptor-2, 4, dectin-1 and cytokines].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of Trichophyton rubrum exposure on the expressions of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), TLR-4 and dendritic cell associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1) and cytokine secretions in human keratinocytes cell line HaCaT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA of TLR-2,4, and dectin-1 in the HaCaT co-cultured with the conidia of Trichophyton rubrum conidia for 24 h was measured with real-time PCR. The mean fluorescence intensity and the percentage of cells positive for TLR-2, 4, and dectin-1 was detected during the co-culture using flow cytometry. The cytokine secretion profiles in the cell culture supernatant was analyzed using a cytokine antibody array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TLR-2,4, and dectin-1 mRNA expressions, mean fluorescence intensity and percentage of positive cells for TLR-2,4, and dectin-1 all increased in HaCaT cells in response to Trichophyton rubrum conidia exposure. The results of cytokine antibody array demonstrated obviously increased secretions of IL-8, I-309, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-13 in the culture supernatant of HaCaT cells in response to Trichophyton rubrum exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immune responses and immunological recognition of human keratinocytes to Trichophyton rubrum conidia are partially mediated by up-regulating the expressions of TLR-2, TLR-4 and dectin-1 and secretions of multiple cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China. liying.amy@163.com
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Miao-Jian
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Mei-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong-Zhang
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Xin
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D054402:Chemokine CCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014249:Trichophyton; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D054402:Chemokine CCL1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099181:Dectin-1; C065971:CCL1 protein, human; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human