title: Relationship between peripheral lung cancer and the surrounding bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins: a multidetector CT observation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the relationship between peripheral lung cancer and the surrounding pulmonary vessels and bronchi using contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to analyze associated factors such as pathology types, stage, size, density, and location of peripheral lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 patients with solitary peripheral lung cancers underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT before thoracotomy were enrolled. Multiplanar reconstruction, maximal intensity projection, and volume rendering were used for demonstrating the patterns of the tumor-bronchi (Br), tumor-pulmonary artery (PA) and tumor-pulmonary vein (PV) relationship, respectively. Five subtypes were identified: Type1 (Br1, PA1 and PV1), Br, PA, or PV was erupted at the edge of nodule; Type2 (Br2, PA2, and PV2), erupted at the center of nodule; Type3 (Br3, PA3 and PV3), penetrated through the nodule; Type4, (Br4, PA4 and PV4), contacting the nodule but stretched or encased; Type5 (Br5, PA5, and PV5), contacting the nodule but smoothly compressed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both bronchi and PA were interrupted in 70 (Type 1+2); both narrowed in 9 (Type 3+4). The bronchi and PA changes surrounding the lung cancer had positive relations (χ(2)=12.3918, r=0.7524, P<.01). Br1 and PA1 were more often seen in the group of solid, ≥2.0 cm, and Stage II-IV focal lesions, while Br2 and PA2, more often in the group of part-solid, non-solid, <2.0 cm, and Stage I focal lesions. PV2 was more often seen in the part-solid and non-solid focal lesions group, while PV (4+5), more often in solid focal lesions group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDCT can demonstrate and subtype relationships among peripheral lung cancer and the bronchi, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. This can be the basis for further clinical research and differential diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The 5th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guang Dong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun-ru
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xue-guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin-an
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiang-he
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ming-zhu
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001995:Bronchography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*