title: Cycling induced by functional electrical stimulation in children affected by cerebral palsy: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling have been demonstrated on the improvement of strength and motor control in adults with stroke. FES-cycling, providing a repetitive goal-oriented task, could facilitate cortical reorganization and utilization of residual cortico-spinal pathways. These benefits could be more enhanced in children because of the greater plasticity and flexibility of their central nervous system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present case report study was to explore the feasibility of FES-cycling in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to provide a set of instrumental measures able to evaluate the effects of this novel treatment on cycling and walking ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two ambulant outpatient children with diplegic CP were recruited by the "E. Medea" Scientific Institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients followed a FES-cycling treatment for 30 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 7 weeks. Pre and post treatment tests were performed, namely clinical measures and electromyographic, kinematic and oxygen expenditure analysis during gait and cycling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment was safe, feasible and well accepted by the 2 children. After treatment both patients achieved a more symmetrical muscular strategy during voluntary cycling and gait and a significant reduction of muscle co-contractions during cycling. These improvements were corroborated by a decrease in oxygen expenditure during the post test for one of the two children, the less impaired, implying a better exploiting of bi-articular muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FES-cycling is feasible and safe and it may be an alternative rehabilitation method for diplegic CP patients. The set of instrumental measurements proposed seems to be a valuable tool for functional assessment to identify subclinical anomalies and improvements on cycling and gait in CP patients.
authors.affiliation: F. Fabbri Posture and Movement Analysis Laboratory, E. Medea Scientific Institute, Conegliano Research Centre, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trevisi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gualdi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Conti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salghetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinuzzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pedrocchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrante
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D020127:Recovery of Function