title: Enamel and dentine remineralization by nano-hydroxyapatite toothpastes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study evaluated the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) toothpastes on remineralization of bovine enamel and dentine subsurface lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were demineralized, randomly divided into five groups, and exposed to an aqueous remineralizing solution for two and five weeks (37 °C). Brushing procedures were performed with the respective toothpaste/storage solution slurry twice daily (2 × 5 s; total contact time of the slurries 2 × 120s/d): storage in remineralizing solution only (0); additional brushing with B (20 wt% zinc carbonate nano-hydroxyapatite, ZnCO(3)/n-HAp); BS (24 wt% ZnCO(3)/n-HAp); E (0.14 wt% amine fluoride); or A (7 wt% pure n-HAp). Differences in mineral loss (ΔΔZ) before and after storage/treatment were microradiographically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dentine groups 0, B, BS, and A showed significantly higher ΔΔZ values compared to E (p < 0.05; ANOVA). Enamel ΔΔZ values of group A were significantly higher compared to group E (p < 0.05), whilst no significant differences of these groups could be observed compared to 0, B, and BS (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the in vitro conditions chosen, toothpastes containing n-HAp revealed higher remineralizing effects compared to amine fluoride toothpastes with bovine dentine, and comparable trends were obtained for enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Strasse 4-6, D-14197 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschoppe
authors.forename: Daniela L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zandim
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martus
authors.forename: Andrej M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kielbassa
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002254:Carbonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008852:Microradiography; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002254:Carbonates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D014100:Toothpastes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; C036650:zinc carbonate; D005459:Fluorides