title: Urinary heme oxygenase-1 as a sensitive indicator of tubulointerstitial inflammatory damage in various renal diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In oxidative stress, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a pivotal role in maintaining renal function and protecting renal structure, especially in renal tubular epithelial cells. We examined urinary HO-1 (uHO-1) levels to assess whether uHO-1 acts as a sensitive biomarker for detecting tubulointerstitial inflammatory damage in renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for uHO-1 were performed using 61 urine samples (supernatants and sediment lysates) from healthy children and renal disease patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proximal and distal epithelial cells showed higher uHO-1 levels than squamous and urothelial cells. Inflammatory renal disease patients had higher uHO-1 levels than noninflammatory renal disease patients and controls. In IgA nephropathy, patients with interstitial cellular infiltration showed higher uHO-1 levels than those without it. Among patients with increased urinary β(2)-microglobulin or N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase levels, uHO-1 levels increased only in those with renal disease and tubulointerstitial inflammatory damage. uHO-1 levels positively correlated with urinary interleukin-6 in inflammatory renal disease patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that uHO-1 is a potentially useful, novel, and noninvasive biomarker for evaluating the degree of tubulointerstitial inflammatory damage in renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Tomoji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuno
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okajima
authors.forename: Taizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yachie
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000652:urine; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000652:urine; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase