title: Increased expression of the chemokine CCL23 in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous chronic disease characterized by local inflammation of the sinonasal tissues. The pathogenesis of CRS remains controversial, but it has been associated with the accumulation of various immune and inflammatory cells in sinus tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the chemokine CCL23, which is known to bind to CCR1 and recruit monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, in patients with CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected nasal tissue from patients with CRS and control subjects. We assayed mRNA for CCL23 by using real-time PCR and measured CCL23 protein by means of ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCL23 mRNA levels were significantly increased in nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; P < .05) compared with inferior turbinate and uncinate tissue from patients with CRS or control subjects. CCL23 protein levels were also increased in NPs, although these levels were not statistically significant. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed CCL23 expression in mucosal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells, but accumulation of CCL23(+) inflammatory cells occurred only in NPs. Immunofluorescence data showed CCL23 colocalization with eosinophil cationic protein-positive eosinophils. The concentration of CCL23 in NPs positively correlated with the concentration of eosinophil cationic protein, suggesting that eosinophils are major CCL23-producing cells in NPs. Finally, we found that CCL23 protein levels were significantly increased in NPs from patients with CRSwNP with aspirin sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overproduction of CCL23 in NPs might contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophilic CRSwNP through the recruitment of CCR1(+) inflammatory cells, including monocytes and macrophages, and the amplification of local inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Poposki
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uzzaman
authors.forename: Deepti R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nagarkar
authors.forename: Regina T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chustz
authors.forename: Anju T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Conley
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Schleimer
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C105504:CCL23 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC