title: [A short history of anti-rheumatic therapy--V. analgesics].
abstract: The pharmacological treatment of pain has very ancient origins, when plant-derived products were used, including mandrake extracts and opium, a dried latex obtained from Papaver somniferum. In the XVI and XVII centuries opium came into the preparation of two compounds widely used for pain relief: laudanum and Dover's powder. The analgesic properties of extracts of willow bark were then recognized and later, in the second half of the XIX century, experimental studies on chemically synthesized analgesics were planned, thus promoting the marketing of some derivatives of para-amino-phenol and pyrazole, the predecessors of paracetamol and metamizol. In the XX century, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were synthesized, such as phenylbutazone, which was initially considered primarily a pain medication. The introduction on the market of centrally acting analgesics, such as tramadol, sometimes used in the treatment of rheumatic pain, is quite recent.
authors.affiliation: Università di Pisa.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasero
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marson
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005060:Europe; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000266:history / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000266:history*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D009294:Narcotics; D010936:Plant Extracts