title: Small molecule dipeptidylpeptidase IV inhibitors under investigation for diabetes mellitus therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent treatment advance for type 2 diabetes is the oral therapy with DPP IV inhibitors. New substances of this class are in development in order to increase alternatives for treating this important metabolic disease. The reader will gain detailed pharmacological and clinical information on alogliptin, dutogliptin and linagliptin and will learn how these DPP IV inhibitors may widen the whole drug class. Possible special indications for the various DPP IV inhibitors are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DPP IV inhibitors and their current role in type 2 diabetes are highlighted. Preclinical and clinical studies of the novel DPP IV inhibitors alogliptin, dutogliptin and linagliptin, including published data since 2007, are presented and a comparison of these compounds is made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy and safety profile of DPP IV inhibitors are promising and advantageous so far. In contrast to sulfonylureas, DPP IV inhibitors do not have an intrinsic risk for causing hypoglycemia and they are body weight neutral. Their tolerability profile is good and no specific adverse reactions have been reported. Experience so far suggests that there are no safety issues associated with inhibition of DPP IV activity by itself. Novel DPP IV inhibitors with distinct properties may offer alternative choices within this drug class.
authors.affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-University, Dept Medicine IV, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. baptist.gallwitz@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Baptist
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gallwitz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069476:Linagliptin; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D011687:Purines; D011799:Quinazolines; C552164:dutogliptin; D000069476:Linagliptin; D014498:Uracil; C520853:alogliptin