title: NAD+-metabolizing ecto-enzymes shape tumor-host interactions: the chronic lymphocytic leukemia model.
abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is an essential co-enzyme that can be released in the extracellular milieu. Here, it may elicit signals through binding purinergic receptors. Alternatively, NAD(+) may be dismantled to adenosine, up-taken by cells and transformed to reconstitute the intracellular nucleotide pool. An articulated ecto-enzyme network is responsible for the nucleotide-nucleoside conversion. CD38 is the main mammalian enzyme that hydrolyzes NAD(+), generating Ca(2+)-active metabolites. Evidence suggests that this extracellular network may be altered or used by tumor cells to (i) nestle in protected areas, and (ii) evade the immune response. We have exploited chronic lymphocytic leukemia as a model to test the role of the ecto-enzyme network, starting by analyzing the individual elements that make up the whole picture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vaisitti
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Audrito
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bologna
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brusa
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malavasi
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deaglio
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009243:NAD; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1