title: Early sexual risk among black and minority ethnicity teenagers: a mixed methods study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how ethnic background influences early sexual activity among young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative data were collected during the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey study, a population-based survey of young adults belonging to white and black and minority ethnic groups and residing in east London in 2001 (n = 2,689) and 2003 (n = 2,675). Qualitative data were obtained from 146 young adults between January and September 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black Caribbean, black African, white other, and mixed ethnicity young men were most likely to report high-risk sexual behaviors, that is, sexual debut at the age of ≤13 years, having unprotected sex, and having multiple sexual partners. There were marked variations within groups commonly collapsed as "black" or as "Muslim." Black Caribbean and black African young adults reported high rates of protective behaviors in addition to risk behaviors. Qualitative data confirmed variations in sexual behavior within ethnic groups. Longitudinally, risk of engaging in two or more high-risk sexual behaviors was predicted by low family support (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6-4.9), regular smoking (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.7-12.0), and usage of illicit drugs (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.5-5.8), with lower risk predicted by low peer support (OR: .3, 95% CI: .2-.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adults belonging to black and minority ethnic groups reported a wide variation in sexual risk behaviors. High levels of high-risk behaviors were reported in ethnic groups known to have high rates of sexually transmitted infections. Effective sexual health interventions should be started early and they must focus on sexual debut and partner choices as well as messages regarding safe sex.
authors.affiliation: General and Adolescent Paediatrics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, UK.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jayakody
authors.forename: Shamser
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Sophie N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khadr
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klineberg
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Booy
authors.forename: Kamaldeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhui
authors.forename: Jenny J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stansfeld
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Russell M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Viner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data