title: Determination of dimethyl fumarate (DMFu) in silica gel pouches using gas chromatography coupled ion trap mass spectrometry.
abstract: A simple method for the determination of dimethyl fumarate (DMFu) in silica gel pouches has been developed. The gas chromatographic behaviour of DMFu was investigated; the instrumental method, based on EI mass spectrometry coupled with an Ion Trap Detector operating whether in full scan mode or in MS/MS mode was also investigated. Several factors have been evaluated and optimized during the development process: solvent and temperature of extraction, type of stationary phase in capillary column. The analytical procedure consists of two steps as follows: (a) the sample preparation using 10 g of sample extracted with acetonitrile in an ultrasonic, heated bath and (b) the determination by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry in conjunction with chromatographic separation is a very powerful combination for identification of an analyte in the extract in spite of selective detectors employed with GC, such as ECD, FPD and NPD, that offer only limited specificity. Blank samples show no interfering peaks in the areas of interest, so the specificity of the method was assured under the investigated GC/MS conditions. The method has been validated in terms of recovery, repeatability, linearity, detection limits and measurement uncertainty. The results obtained meet both the method validation criteria and requirements of the European/National legislation. The method was verified to be accurate with 97 % mean recoveries at 0.05 mg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg levels; the repeatability (expressed as RSD %) was found to be better than 15 %. Good linearity was found in the range between 0.05 μg/mL and 5.0 μg/mL and a value of R² > 0.9998 was calculated. The procedure ensures high specificity and a good sensitivity with detection limit (ld) of 0.02 mg/kg and quantification limit (LOQ) of 0.05 mg/kg. This procedure has been successfully applied for the analysis of several hundred of real samples collected during a monitoring control plan started last year in our country. All samples exceeding the maximum allowed level of DMFu (0, 1 mg/kg) were confirmed by GC/MS/MS (ITD) for a higher degree of confidence in identification. The main advantages of this method include: rapidity, simplicity (few, simple steps), reliability, cheapness, no need for long and difficult clean-up and evaporation steps, high specificity by using GC/MS and GC/MS/MS, availability for routine monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Primary Prevention, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy. patrizia.stefanelli@iss.it
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stefanelli
authors.forename: Danilo Attard
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Barbini
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Girolimetti
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santilio
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dommarco
mesh_terms: D000069462:Dimethyl Fumarate; D005650:Fumarates / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D058428:Silica Gel / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005650:Fumarates; D058427:Hygroscopic Agents; D058428:Silica Gel; D000069462:Dimethyl Fumarate