title: The impact of the conflicts of Iraq and Afghanistan: a UK perspective.
abstract: Concerns about the mental health of military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan has led to a new generation of research. This review is an examination of the UK literature on the mental health consequences of deployment of armed forces personnel to Iraq and Afghanistan. As yet, deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan has not been associated with a general increase in mental health problems for the UK Armed Forces. However, research has highlighted certain problems that continue to need to be addressed. Whilst, the rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is low in the UK Armed Forces (1.6-6%), deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan is associated with an increased risk of PTSD for reserve personnel. In contrast to PTSD, the rate of alcohol misuse is high in the UK Armed Forces (between 16-20%), and has been associated with deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan for regular personnel. As the UK military engagement in Afghanistan continues and more personnel are deployed, the demand for help from military health services, the NHS and the service charities will increase.
authors.affiliation: Academic Centre for Defence Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK. Josefin.sundin@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Josefin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Nicola T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Fear
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dandeker
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
mesh_terms: D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008603:Mental Health; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000639:trends*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006113:United Kingdom