title: Temephos resistance and esterase activity in the mosquito Aedes aegypti in Havana, Cuba increased dramatically between 2006 and 2008.
abstract: Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) control programmes in Cuba rely on the application of the organophosphate temephos for larval control. Hence, the monitoring of resistance to this insecticide is an essential component of such programmes. Here, 15 field populations from different municipalities of Havana City were assayed for resistance to temephos. High levels of resistance were detected in all strains and resistance ratios were highly correlated with esterase activity (P = 0.00001). Populations from three municipalities were tested in both 2006 and 2008; resistance and esterase activities both significantly increased during this 2-year period. Synergist studies demonstrated that neither glutathione transferases nor monooxygenases were associated with the increase in resistance to temephos in this period. The duration of the efficacy of commercial formulations of temephos in controlling Ae. aegypti populations in Havana City was reduced by the high level of temephos resistance observed; hence these data are of clear operational significance for the dengue control programme in Cuba. New integrated strategies to avoid further increases in temephos resistance in Cuba are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vector Control, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba. bisset@ipk.sld.cu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bisset
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vázquez
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D003462:Cuba; D003710:Demography; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D000002:Temefos / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004950:Esterases; D000002:Temefos