title: Tumour-derived microvesicles contain interleukin-8 and modulate production of chemokines by human monocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumour-derived microvesicles (TMVs) may interact with cells of the immune system. Our previous observations indicated that TMVs modulate production of cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by monocytes. This study was designed to determine the role of TMVs in stimulation of chemokine production by human monocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemokines at the mRNA and protein level were detected by real-time PCR and by Western blot, respecively. Chemokine release and chemotaxis of blood leukocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. Matrigel assay was used to determine angiogenesis in a NOD-SCID mice model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMVs induced secretion of interleukin-8 (CXCL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (CCL3) and MIP-1β (CCL4), and regulated on activation normal T-cells expressed and secreted (CCL5) chemokines and accumulation of their mRNA in monocytes. Moreover, TMVs enhanced angiogenesis in NOD-SCID mice by delivering chemokines and via stimulation of monocytes. In addition, TMVs may be storage for chemokines thus inducing chemotaxis of blood leukocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results further support the role of TMVs in modulation of monocyte biological activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland. mibaj@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baj-Krzyworzeka
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weglarczyk
authors.forename: Bozenna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mytar
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szatanek
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; C496534:Ccl3 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species