title: NORM as consumer products: issue of their being.
abstract: The objects of this study are only radioactive consumer products added NORM (NRCP). In Japanese current markets, many NRCP are sold claiming some effects like hormesis. The existence of NRCP in the living environments here may raise the radiation exposure dose of the user. The activity concentrations in many kinds of NRCP have been determined by gamma-ray spectrometry and the radiation exposure doses from NRCP were calculated in the case of normal use and misuse. The results show that there are some inhalation risks in the cases of NRCP misuse. Furthermore, many kinds of NRCP and ores were analysed by prompt gamma-ray activation analysis method and the results show the added radioactive materials in NRCP are monazite. The three principles of the radioprotection should be applied for users of NRCP. The Japanese NORM guideline of 2009 mentions requirements for optimisation (ALARA) and dose criteria, without justification. Justification is most important for an effective use of radioactive ores that are added in NRCP.
authors.affiliation: Ochanomizu University Graduate School, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan. furuta.etsuko@ocha.ac.jp
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Furuta
mesh_terms: D001417:Background Radiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011835:Radiation Protection