title: Use of sodium iodide symporter expression in differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the use of NIS mRNA and protein expression as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 397 thyroid nodules tissue samples, including 224 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), 41 follicular carcinomas, 58 nodular goiters, 56 follicular adenomas and 18 normal tissues assembled in a tissue microarray.
  
  
  METHODS
  NIS protein was identified using a monoclonal antibody that labelled only the follicular cell basolateral membrane of all 397 tissue samples. In addition, NIS mRNA was quantified in 145 DTC patients and 85 PTC cases were screened for BRAF(V600E) mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found low NIS mRNA expression and low or negative NIS protein expression in most DTC. NIS expression was lower in DTC patients over 45 years old and in tumours larger than 2 cm. There was a tendency for lower NIS expression in advanced stages and patients presenting recurrences. All 13 DTC patients who succumbed to the disease were NIS negative at immunohistochemistry and had very low mRNA expression. NIS expression was lower in PTC presenting BRAF(V600E) mutation. However, neither NIS immunohistochemical analysis nor NIS mRNA quantified expression could identify individuals with poor prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that NIS expression may help characterize patients' risk and individuals with a poor response to therapy, but is not useful as a diagnostic or prognostic marker, reinforcing the current concept that an appropriate management of DTC patient is the most important and modifiable prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) / University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elaine C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Morari
authors.forename: Marjory A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marcello
authors.forename: Ana Carolina T
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Guilhen
authors.forename: Lucas L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latuff
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassallo
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D002277:Carcinoma; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012306:Risk; D027981:Symporters / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters