title: Myopathy and neurogenic muscular atrophy in unexpected cardiopulmonary arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuromuscular disorders can be the cause of sudden death of infants because of their weakness and gastroesophageal reflux (GER).
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle biopsy and genetic studies were performed by usual method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this report four cases of infants with neuromuscular disorders (two cases of congenital myopathy and two cases of spinal muscular atrophy) who had unexpected cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival (CPAOA) are presented. Two of the cases did not show any symptoms, such as muscle weakness prior to CPAOA. The diagnosis was based on the results of the muscle biopsy and genetic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that sudden infant death caused by neuromuscular disorders should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. hisashi@tokyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Chiako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ioi
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimata
authors.forename: Yasuyo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takekuma
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoshika
authors.forename: Ichizo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Ikuya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nonaka
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D017696:Myopathies, Nemaline / Q000150:complications; D020914:Myopathies, Structural, Congenital; D014897:Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood / Q000150:complications*; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology*