title: Comparison of ear tattoo, ear notching and microtattoo in rats undergoing cardiovascular telemetry.
abstract: Individual and permanent identification of experimental animals is a common and often essential research practice. There is little information available on the short-term effects of these procedures on the animals. In this study, seven rats were implanted with telemetric devices. The effects of three different identification methods (ear tattoo, ear notching and microtattoo) were compared. Cardiovascular data were collected for 24 h after the procedures. Time periods of 0-1, 1-4, 4-16 h (dark) and 16-24 h after the procedure were analysed separately. The most pronounced differences in measured parameters were observed during the first hour after the procedures were performed. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly higher (P < 0.012) following the ear tattoo than the microtattoo procedure by a difference of approximately 5 mmHg. Heart rate (HR) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) after ear tattoo compared with both ear notching (Δ = 31 beats per minute [bpm]) and microtattoo (Δ = 44 bpm). During the 1-4 h period and the following dark period, the MAP was highest in the ear notching group, but no differences were observed in the HRs. During the following dark period (4-16 h) and the next day (16-24 h) differences in MAP and HR were minor. In conclusion, microtattoo appears to cause the mildest changes in HR and blood pressure. Based on these results, ear tattoo and ear notching should be replaced by microtattoo whenever possible.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Center, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. iiris.kasanen@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: I H E
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kasanen
authors.forename: H-M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Voipio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leskinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luodonpää
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
mesh_terms: D000823:Animal Identification Systems / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004423:Ear; D005528:Foot; D006339:Heart Rate; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013653:Tattooing / Q000662:veterinary; D013686:Telemetry / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors