title: TLR based therapeutics.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immune responses to infection. Binding of agonists to TLRs promotes maturation of antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, which in turn directs the induction of adaptive immune responses. For this reason TLR agonists are being exploited as vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease or cancer and as therapeutics against tumors. However TLR agonists also promote inflammatory cytokine production and have a pathogenic role in many diseases with an inflammatory basis, including autoimmune diseases. Consequently, antibodies to TLRs and inhibitors of TLR signalling pathways have considerable potential as therapeutics for inflammatory disorders. Some have shown to be efficacious in pre-clinical models, and have now entered clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: School of Biochemistry and Immunology, and Immunology Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Kingston H G
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014612:Vaccines