title: Immunological risk factors for infection after immunosuppressive and biologic therapies.
abstract: Immunosuppressive and biologic therapies are costly and can involve a considerable risk of infection. Noninvasive diagnostic tools for early prediction of infection before and after administration of these therapies are of major interest. Serial longitudinal immune monitoring would provide data on immunocompetence and complement clinical follow-up protocols. Biomarkers of immune response may be useful to identify patients at risk of developing infection and who could be candidates for immunosuppressant dose reduction. This article focuses on the potential use of biomarkers of immune response to predict development of infection after immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in selected settings of autoimmune disease (rituximab for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis) and solid organ transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Immunology Group, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain. jcarbone.hgugm@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: del Pozo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
mesh_terms: D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000209:etiology; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic / Q000379:methods; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab