title: Evaluation of the brain, renal, and hepatic effects of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and phenylbutazone administration in Iranian fat-tailed sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the brain, renal, and hepatic effects of three NSAIDs (flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and phenylbutazone) when administered IV to clinically normal Iranian fat-tailed sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were conducted on twenty clinically normal adult female sheep. Sheep were randomly assigned to four groups: saline (n = 5), flunixin meglumine (n = 5), ketoprofen (n = 5), and phenylbutazone (n = 5). Drug administration was initiated at 8 AM: on day 1 and continued every 12 h for 12 days. Flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and phenylbutazone were administered at dose rate of 2.2, 4, and 4 mg/kg, respectively. Daily blood and urine samples were collected from all sheep for hematologic, enzymes activity, and urinalysis. Immediately after euthanasia, complete necropsy was performed on all sheep and gross lesions were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical, hematological, serum, and urine analysis and histopatholgical findings were described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the use of these compounds is contemplated in clinical cases, the risk of adverse effects and the comparative toxic potential should be considered, along with the efficacy of the compound for the condition being treated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. aliasghar_mozaffari@uk.ac.ir
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mozaffari
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derakhshanfar
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D003002:Clonixin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007492:Iran; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D010653:Phenylbutazone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D016482:Urinalysis; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019155:Veterinary Drugs; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D007660:Ketoprofen; D010653:Phenylbutazone; D003002:Clonixin