title: Resveratrol preserves cardiac function, but does not prevent endothelial dysfunction or pulmonary inflammation after environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
abstract: The mechanisms by which environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) causes adverse cardiovascular effects remain unclear. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol from red wine which may be beneficial to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the ability of daily oral resveratrol (5mg/kg) to prevent adverse effects of a 14-day ETS exposure (1 h/day) on endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), left ventricular function (echocardiography) and blood pressure (oscillometry) was assessed in juvenile male pigs (n=4 pigs/group). After a 14-day exposure to ETS, flow-mediated dilation was impaired while plasma nitrotyrosine was increased compared to sham-exposed pigs indicating impaired endothelial function. In ETS-exposed pigs, plasma C-reactive protein levels, lung cytochrome P4501A1 activity, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total white blood cell count and leukocyte elastase activity were all significantly increased compared to sham-exposed pigs. Resveratrol treatment failed to prevent most ETS-mediated effects examined, but did increase left ventricular end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction in the presence of ETS exposure. In summary, ETS exposure impaired endothelial function and increased oxidative stress which was associated with pulmonary and systemic inflammation, but resveratrol failed to protect against these changes. More importantly, resveratrol exerted a positive effect on left ventricular function which may help explain the French paradox.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada SK S7N 5B3.
authors.forename: Ahmad N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Al-Dissi
authors.forename: Lynn P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004452:Echocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D013267:Stilbenes; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D003367:Cotinine; D000077185:Resveratrol