title: A comparison of PBDE serum concentrations in Mexican and Mexican-American children living in California.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), which are used as flame retardants, have been found to be higher in residents of California than of other parts of the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the role of immigration to California on PBDE levels in Latino children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared serum PBDE concentrations in a population of first-generation Mexican-American 7-year-old children (n = 264), who were born and raised in California [Center for Health Analysis of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study], with 5-year-old Mexican children (n = 283), who were raised in the states in Mexico where most CHAMACOS mothers had originated (Proyecto Mariposa).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, PBDE serum concentrations in the California Mexican-American children were three times higher than their mothers' levels during pregnancy and seven times higher than concentrations in the children living in Mexico. The PBDE serum concentrations were higher in the Mexican-American children regardless of length of time their mother had resided in California or the duration of the child's breast-feeding. These data suggest that PBDE serum concentrations in these children resulted primarily from postnatal exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Latino children living in California have much higher PBDE serum levels than their Mexican counterparts. Given the growing evidence documenting potential health effects of PBDE exposure, the levels in young children noted in this study potentially present a major public health challenge, especially in California. In addition, as PBDEs are being phased out and replaced by other flame retardants, the health consequences of these chemical replacements should be investigated and weighed against their purported fire safety benefits.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. eskenazi@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eskenazi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fenster
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castorina
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjödin
authors.forename: Lisa Goldman
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Armando Garcia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Lizbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez-Carillo
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bradman
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003634:DDT / Q000097:blood; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D003634:DDT