title: Relationship of UV exposure to prevalence of multiple sclerosis in England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the potential relationship of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure in explaining the period prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  English national Hospital Episode Statistics covering all admissions to National Health Service hospitals in England in the 7 years from 1998 to 2005 were used to obtain the period prevalences of MS and infectious mononucleosis (IM) in England. The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration's data on UVB intensity for England from the Nimbus 7 satellite was collected. The relationships among the 3 variables (MS prevalence, IM prevalence, and UVB intensity) were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The regression of MS against UVB intensity for all seasons had an r(2) of 0.61; when including the interaction of IM with seasonal UVB, the r(2) rose to 0.72.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UVB exposure and IM together can explain a substantial proportion of the variance of MS. The effect of UVB on generating vitamin D seems the most likely candidate for explaining its relationship with MS. There is a pressing need to investigate the role of vitamin D and EBV and how they might interact to influence MS risk to identify potential prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ramagopalan
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Handel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rutherford Siegel
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ebers
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaplin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays