title: Simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites in honey using a multiplexing biochip screening assay.
abstract: A chemiluminescence-based biochip array sensing technique has been developed and applied to the screening of honey samples for residues of banned nitrofuran antibiotics. Using a multiplex approach, metabolites of the four main nitrofuran antibiotics could be simultaneously detected. Individual antibodies specific towards the metabolites were spotted onto biochips. A competitive assay format, with chemiluminescent response, was employed. The method was validated in accordance with EU legislation (2002/657/EC, 2002), and assessed by comparison with UHPLC-MS/MS testing of 134 honey samples of worldwide origin. A similar extraction method, based on extraction of the analytes on Oasis™ SPE cartridges, followed by derivatisation with nitrobenzaldehyde and partition into ethyl acetate, was used for both screening and LC-MS/MS methods. The biochip array method was capable of detecting all four metabolites below the reference point for action of 1 μg kg(-1). The detection capability was below 0.5 μg kg(-1) for the metabolites AHD, AOZ and AMOZ; it was below 0.9 μg kg(-1) for SEM. IC(50) values ranged from 0.14 μg kg(-1) (AMOZ) to 2.19 μg kg(-1) (SEM). This biosensor method possesses the potential to be a fit-for-purpose screening technique in the arena of food safety technology.
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moloney
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: El O
authors.initials: el O
authors.lastname: Benchikh
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: Ambrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furey
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danaher
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004867:Equipment Design; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D007494:Ireland; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D009581:Nitrofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009581:Nitrofurans