title: Macrophage mediated anti-proliferation effects of Anthodia camphorata non-polysaccharide based extracts on human hepatoma cells.
abstract: It has been reported that medicinal mushrooms might induce different types of immune responses. Anthodia camphorata (A. camphorata) has attracted much attention for its therapeutic effects in treating hepatoma. We tested this anti-tumor effects using immunomodulation of macrophages and extracts of A. camphorata. We evaluated the anti-proliferation effects of various extracts of A. camphorata from fruiting bodies (AC-FB), mycelium of solid-state cultures (AC-SS), liquid-state cultures (AC-LS) and polyaccharide extracts from liquid-state cultures (AC-PS), and extracts of A. camphorata stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell-conditioned mediums (MC-CMs). We measured cell proliferation and, did migration assays by cell cycle analysis and by observing apoptosis-related proteins (AKT, PARP-1, and NF-κB) and the mRNA expression of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) of macrophages in human hepatoma cell lines. Our results revealed that two of the extracts (AC-FB and AC-SS) had better anti-proliferation effects, implying an immunomodulatory role the macrophages might play. This outcome is consistent with findings that AC-FB and AC-SS increase mRNA expression of TNF-α and the corresponding expression of apoptosis-related proteins on activation of MC-CMs, while A. camphorata polysaccharides induce macrophage-derived anti-tumor activities in human hepatoma cells via IL-1β and Akt activation. These results indicate that anti-tumor effects exerted by modulation of macrophage activation of A. camphorate may be influenced by the other constituents which (contained little or no polysaccharide) of A. camphorata.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tain-Junn
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Fang-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsien-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Chih
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Shun-Lai
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Hsueh
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wan-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chia-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chia-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Guo-Yang
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shiang-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shyue
authors.forename: Yi-Peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kao-Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiunn-Jye
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chuu
mesh_terms: D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D046508:Culture Techniques; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha