title: Capnography enhances surveillance of respiratory events during procedural sedation: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if capnography, in addition to standard monitoring, identified more respiratory complications than standard monitoring alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library (Cochrane Reviews, CENTRAL) were searched for studies published between 1995-2009 reporting adverse respiratory events during procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) with clearly defined end-tidal carbon dioxide threshold, adult population, clear study design, P-value calculation, similar outcome and predictor variable definitions, and binary independent and dependent variable raw data. Five such studies were evaluated independently. A meta-analysis of these studies was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During PSA, cases of respiratory depression were 17.6 times more likely to be detected if monitored by capnography than cases not monitored by capnography (95% CI, 2.5-122.1; P < 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring is an important addition in detecting respiratory depression during PSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. waughj@uab.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Waugh
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Epps
authors.forename: Yulia A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Khodneva
mesh_terms: D001049:Apnea / Q000209:etiology; D019296:Capnography / Q000379:methods*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide