title: Understanding animal models of elite control: windows on effective immune responses against immunodeficiency viruses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We will summarize recent advances in research regarding control of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in nonhuman primate models. We will then relate these findings to the broader field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies have highlighted the importance of T-cell responses in elite control, especially CD8+ T-cell responses and provide insight into the kinetics and qualities of such effective responses. Additionally, these findings suggest that the peptides bound by elite control-associated major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in monkeys and humans share many properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal models of effective immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication have provided important insight into the components of successful immune responses against these viruses. Similarities between the human and nonhuman primate responses to immunodeficiency viruses should help us understand the nature of elite control. Further study of the acute phase, in which virus replication is first brought under control, may help define important characteristics of viral control that could be engendered by a successful HIV vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mudd
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D020276:HIV Long-Term Survivors; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control