title: Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors and inducer in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal placenta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the expression of recently identified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their inhibitors (TIMPs), and inducer (CD147) in a wide range of gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) thereby expanding our understanding of the potential role of MMPs in GTD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin sections of 10 normal first-trimester placentas (NP), 10 partial moles (PM), 10 complete moles (CM), 5 choriocarcinomas (CCA) and 5 placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT) were studied immunohistochemically for expression of MMP-7, MMP-14, MMP-21, MMP-28, TIMP-3, TIMP-4 and CD147. Immunolocalization of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 was performed on 5 CCA and 5 PSTTs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCA showed stronger intensity for MMP-14 and MMP-28 than PSTT (p<0.05, p<0.05). CCA and PSTT had stronger expression of MMP-21 than NP, PM and CM (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01). PSTT (p<0.05, p<0.05), NP (p<0.01, p<0.01) and CM (p<0.01, p<0.05) showed stronger staining for TIMP-3 and TIMP-4 than CCA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Choriocarcinoma's high expression of MMPs and low expression of MMP inhibitors may contribute to its invasiveness and metastatic potential. Similarly, PSTT's lower expression of MMPs and high expression of MMP inhibitors may partly explain its lower invasiveness. Agents that inhibit MMP may prove useful in treating GTD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kindelberger
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nagymanyoki
authors.forename: Shu-Wing
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Quick
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Raina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fichorova
authors.forename: Vilmos
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fulop
authors.forename: Ross S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
mesh_terms: D051926:Basigin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D031901:Gestational Trophoblastic Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C497886:BSG protein, human; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D051926:Basigin; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases