title: Effect of viscosity of enteral nutrient on gut motility and hormone secretion in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to study the effect of the viscosity of enteral nutrient solutions on upper gut motility and gut hormone secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 5 beagle dogs equipped with strain gauge force transducers to measure upper gastrointestinal motility. Upper gut motility and gut hormone secretion were compared across 6 experimental conditions; control (oral solid meal), liquid-120, liquid-5 (liquid enteral nutrients administered for 120 and 5 min, respectively), low, middle, and high viscosity conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The magnitude of receptive relaxation was decreased in the liquid-120 compared to control, but this decrease was reversed with the increase of viscosity. The duration of the postprandial contractions in the proximal jejunum was decreased in the liquid-5 compared to the control, but this decrease was reversed in the middle and high viscosity conditions (p < 0.05). Rapid increase in plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide observed in the liquid-5 compared to the control was reversed in the low, middle, and high viscosity conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patterns of upper gut motility and gut hormone secretion after liquid enteral nutrients were considerably altered compared to those after solid meal ingestion, increasing the viscosity of liquid enteral nutrients reversed those altered patterns.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Regulation and Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Chikashi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikezawa
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakyo
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D014159:Transducers; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide