title: Promoter methylation of H-cadherin is a potential biomarker in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  H-cadherin, functions as a tumor suppressor, is frequently silenced by promoter methylation in human cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using H-cadherin methylation in tumor tissues as a potential biomarker in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the methylation status of H-cadherin in 133 primary bladder TCC samples and 43 normal bladder epithelial tissues using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and then analyzed the associations between H-cadherin methylation and clinicopathologic features as well as patients' outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H-cadherin methylation was detected in 47 (35.3%) bladder TCC samples, but not found in controls (P = 0.0000). Moreover, H-cadherin methylation was significantly associated with advanced stage (P = 0.0006), high grade (P = 0.0165), larger tumor size (P = 0.0225), tumor recurrence (P = 0.0106), and poor prognosis (P = 0.0000). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that H-cadherin methylation is independently associated with poor outcome and had a relative risk of death of 3.832 (P = 0.0071, 95% confidence interval: 1.443-10.176).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that H-cadherin methylation may be used as a potential biomarker for the malignancy of bladder TCC and as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with bladder TCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, 300211 Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chun-Ting
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; C099972:H-cadherin; D004247:DNA