title: The use of a novel tobacco-substitute sheet and smoke dilution to reduce toxicant yields in cigarette smoke.
abstract: The Institute of Medicine encouraged the pursuit and development of potential reduced-exposure products, tobacco products that substantially reduce exposure to one or more tobacco toxicants and can reasonably be expected to reduce the risk of one or more specific diseases or other adverse health effects. One approach to reducing smoke toxicant yields is to dilute the smoke with glycerol. We report chemical, biological and human exposure data related to experimental cigarettes containing up to 60% of a novel glycerol containing "tobacco-substitute" sheet. Analysis of mainstream smoke from experimental cigarettes showed reductions in yields of most measured constituents, other than some volatile species. In vitro toxicological tests showed reductions in the activity of smoke particulates in proportion to their glycerol content. Human exposure to nicotine was reduced by a mean of 18% as determined by filter studies and by 14% using 24h urinary biomarker analysis. Smoke particulate exposures were reduced by a mean of 29% in filter studies and NNK exposure by similar amounts based on urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol concentrations. These results show that reducing exposure to some smoke toxicants is possible using a tobacco-substitute sheet, although some smoke toxicants, and the sensory attributes of the smoke, remain as technical challenges.
authors.affiliation: British American Tobacco, Group Research and Development Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK. Kevin_McAdam@bat.com
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: McAdam
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Duke
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Proctor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002460:Cell Line; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration; D005990:Glycerol / Q000032:analysis; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000652:urine; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000652:urine; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D055815:Young Adult; D062789:Tobacco Products
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D009602:Nitrosamines; D011721:Pyrenes; D011725:Pyridines; D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine; C099565:4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene; D005990:Glycerol