title: Drug-induced hyperkinetic movement disorders by nonneuroleptic agents.
abstract: Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by excess movement, and include chorea, akathesia, asterixis, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, and tics. A wide variety of pharmacologic agents may induce or exacerbate these disorders. Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and levodopa-induced hyperkinesia are the most common causes of medication-induced chorea. However, several nonneuroleptic agents, including antidepressants and antiepileptic medications, may also worsen hyperkinetic movement disorders. Over-the-counter medications, such as analgesics and antiheartburn medications, have also occasionally been implicated as causing hyperkinetic movement disorders. Most information regarding drug-induced hyperkinetic disorders comes from case reports and anecdotes, rather than controlled clinical trials. Further research with larger controlled trials needs to verify many of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA. tzesiewi@health.usf.edu
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Zesiewicz
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents