title: Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158 Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, first evidence has been reported for a gene-parenting interaction (G × E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(158) Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G×E would be consistent with one of two models of gene-environment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany. manfred.laucht@zi-mannheim.de
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laucht
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blomeyer
authors.forename: Arlette F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Buchmann
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Treutlein
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jennen-Steinmetz
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: Ulrich S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014633:Valine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D014633:Valine