title: Identifying ureteropelvic junction obstruction by fluorescence imaging: a comparative study of imaging modalities to assess renal function and degree of obstruction in a mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiological imaging is the mainstay of diagnosing ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Current established radiological modalities can potentially differentiate the varying degrees of obstruction but they are limited in functionality, applicability and/or comprehensiveness. Of particular concern is that some tests require radiation, which has long-term consequences, especially in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the novel use of Genhance™ 680 dynamic fluorescence imaging to assess ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 20 mice that underwent partial or complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. Ultrasound, mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our model of partial and complete obstruction could be distinguished by ultrasound, mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography and magnetic resonance imaging, and was confirmed by histological analysis. Using fluorescence imaging distinct vascular and urinary parameters were identified in the partial and complete obstruction groups compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescence imaging is a feasible alternative radiological imaging modality to diagnose ureteropelvic junction obstruction. It provides continuous, detailed imaging without the risk of radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Robotic Surgery, Research and Training Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Jeanne S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Minnillo
authors.forename: Carlo C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Passerotti
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Barnewolt
authors.forename: S Ted
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Treves
authors.forename: Fred H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Freilich
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Retik
authors.forename: Hiep T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005453:Fluorescence; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D051379:Mice; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*