title: Compliance with mammography and bone mineral density screening in women at least 50 years old.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the utilization of mammography and bone mineral density (BMD) screenings and factors associated with compliance according to the recommended clinical practice guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammography and BMD were assessed using employer's administrative claims data for eligible women identified between January 2004 and December 2006. Women were categorized into five cohorts based on mammography- and BMD-recommended screening guidelines. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine the covariates associated with compliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mammography and BMD screening utilization were low in relation to recommendations, with 21%, 27%, and 16% of women complying with mammography, age-motivated BMD, and fracture-motivated BMD screening guidelines, respectively. BMD screening use (odds ratio [OR], 7.19; 95% CI, 7.08-7.31) was associated with compliance in the mammogram cohort. Mammogram use was associated with compliance in both the age-motivated BMD cohort (OR, 6.01; 95% CI, 5.28-6.85) and the fracture-motivated BMD cohort (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 2.07-2.33). Having a Papanicolaou test was strongly associated with compliance in the combined mammogram plus age-motivated BMD cohort (OR, 16.83; 95% CI, 14.01-20.22) and the combined mammogram plus fracture-motivated BMD cohort (OR, 10.46; 95% CI 9.26-11.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal women with employer-sponsored health insurance had low utilization of mammography and BMD screening relative to clinical guidelines. Use of other health screening services was associated with compliance with guidelines. Methods to improve adherence to mammography and BMD screening guidelines should be explored, which could possibly leverage the increased likelihood that women who receive one screening service will receive another.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA. emeadows@lilly.com
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whangbo
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McQuarrie
authors.forename: Nisha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gilra
authors.forename: Beth D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mershon
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D015519:Bone Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D016015:Logistic Models; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017698:Postmenopause; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014626:Vaginal Smears