title: Transparapharyngeal and transpterygoid transposition of a pedicled occipital galeopericranial flap: a new flap for skull base reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present the anatomic and cadaveric foundations for novel modifications of the occipital galeopericranial flap for reconstruction of ventral skull base defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomic description.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using cadaveric dissections and measurements, we investigated the feasibility of transposing pedicled occipital galeopericranial flaps into the nasal cavity and skull base. Two fresh and five preserved human specimens were dissected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pedicled occipital flaps were transposed into the nasal cavity via a transparapharyngeal-transpterygoid corridor into the nasopharynx. It was demonstrated that the pedicled occipital galeopericranial flap reaches the anterior skull base.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pedicled occipital flaps transposed into the nasal cavity can reach the anterior skull base and provide another option for vascularized reconstruction in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rivera-Serrano
authors.forename: Carl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Snyderman
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durmaz
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002102:Cadaver; D035262:Cranial Fossa, Anterior / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000637:transplantation*; D010614:Pharynx; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles; D013524:Surgical Flaps