title: Comparative study on corrosion resistance and in vitro biocompatibility of bulk nanocrystalline and microcrystalline biomedical 304 stainless steel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SUS 304 stainless steels have been widely used in orthodontics and implants such as archwires, brackets, and screws. The purpose of present study was to investigate the biocompatibility of both the commercial microcrystalline biomedical 304 stainless steel (microcrystalline 304ss) and novel-fabricated nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel (nanocrystalline 304ss).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bulk nanocrystalline 304ss sheets had been successfully prepared by microcrystalline 304ss plates using severe rolling technique. The electrochemical corrosion and ion release behavior immersion in artificial saliva were measured to evaluate the property of biocorrosion in oral environment. The cell lines of murine and human cell lines from oral and endothelial environment were co-cultured with extracts to evaluate the cytotoxicity and provide referential evidence in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The polarization resistance trials indicated that nanocrystalline 304ss is more corrosion resistant than the microcrystalline 304ss in oral-like environment with higher corrosion potential, and the amount of toxic ions released into solution after immersion is lower than that of the microcrystalline 304ss and the daily dietary intake level. The cytotoxicity results also elucidated that nanocrystalline 304ss is biologically compatible in vitro, even better than that of microcrystalline 304ss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the much higher mechanical and physical performances, nanocrystalline 304ss with enhanced biocorrosion property, well-behaved in vitro cytocompatibility can be a promising alternative in orthodontics and fixation fields in oral cavity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003343:Corrosion; D003460:Crystallization; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007739:L Cells; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C448992:304SS alloy; D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D002857:Chromium; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel