title: Effects of postectopic heart rate turbulence on measures of heart rate variability in patients after an acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart rate (HR) turbulence lasting up to 15 beats after ventricular premature beats (VPBs) may have profound effects on HR variability measures. Aim of this study was to examine the effects of HR turbulence on HR variability measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed an algorithm, which deletes 15 consecutive RR intervals after VPBs and examined the effects of the HR turbulence removal on the HR variability measures in patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Two hundred and sixty seven patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 0.40 and occurrence of VPBs were included in the study. Differences (%) between original HR data and HR turbulence edited data were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR turbulence editing had variable effects on different HR variability indexes. Ultra low (ULF) and very low frequency (VLF) spectral components were mostly affected by the HR turbulence removal. Both ULF and VLF decreased significantly both at baseline Holter recordings (ULF: P = 0.006, VLF: P = 0.031) and at 6 weeks from AMI (ULF: P < 0.001, VLF: P = 0.001). The number of VPBs had a marked influence on results, e.g., when the number of VPBs exceeded the highest decile (≈50 VPBs/hour), the ULF and VLF spectral component were >30% lower after removal of turbulence. In addition, the prediction of arrhythmic events by ULF component improved after turbulence removal (AUC: 0.69 ->0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HR turbulence affects HR variability measures, especially the ULF and VFL spectral components. Editing of the HR turbulence should be considered when HR variability is measured from Holter recordings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland. mirja.peltola@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Mirja A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peltola
authors.forename: Poul Erik Bloch
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Rikke Moerch
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Joergensen
authors.forename: Heikki V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Huikuri
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015897:Comorbidity; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000503:physiopathology*