title: Diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections in the emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections commonly present as skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). Treatment often includes incision and drainage with or without adjunctive antibiotics. Emergency department (ED) pharmacists wished to provide specific data to emergency physicians to better inform antibiotic choices for patients with SSTIs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to describe local susceptibility trends of CA-MRSA isolates obtained from patients with SSTIs and describe diagnostic and empiric therapeutic management of CA-MRSA SSTIs among ED health care providers at University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Susceptibility of all unique CA-MRSA SSTI isolates for 2008 were identified and compiled into an antibiogram. ED providers evaluated their diagnostic and treatment habits using a self-assessment questionnaire, which was verified against charted information documented in the electronic medical records for patients presenting to the ED with a CA-MRSA SSTI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ED antibiogram indicated that 57/58 (98%) CA-MRSA SSTI isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP); 50/58 (86%) isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, and 47/58 (81%) isolates were susceptible to clindamycin. Incision and drainage were performed in 23/25 (92%) patient cases, which was consistent with providers' perceived habits (100%). SMX/TMP monotherapy was preferred among 23/35 (66%) providers, however, SMX/TMP combined with cephalexin was the antibiotic regimen prescribed in 9/22 (41%) patient cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cephalexin was often added to cover for potential cellulitis due to Streptococcus spp., however, the surrounding erythema may simply be an extension of the CA-MRSA infection. Department-specific antibiograms are useful in guiding empiric antibiotic selection and may help providers judiciously prescribe antibiotics only when necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Carla J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Walraven
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lingenfelter
authors.forename: Jeannie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rollo
authors.forename: Troy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents