title: The clinical use of indocyanine green as a near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent for image-guided oncologic surgery.
abstract: Optical imaging using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence provides new prospects for general and oncologic surgery. ICG is currently utilised in NIR fluorescence cancer-related surgery for three indications: sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping, intraoperative identification of solid tumours, and angiography during reconstructive surgery. Therefore, understanding its advantages and limitations is of significant importance. Although non-targeted and non-conjugatable, ICG appears to be laying the foundation for more widespread use of NIR fluorescence-guided surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boudewijn E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
authors.forename: J Sven D
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mieog
authors.forename: Merlijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutteman
authors.forename: Joost R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: van der Vorst
authors.forename: Peter J K
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kuppen
authors.forename: Clemens W G M
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Löwik
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Frangioni
authors.forename: Cornelis J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van de Velde
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vahrmeijer
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green