title: Evaluation and management of ankle syndesmosis injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ankle injuries are common in sporting activities with damage to the inferior tibiofibular ligaments being notable for their resultant disability and prolonged recovery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide a synopsis of the current best evidence regarding the recognition and treatment of injury to the syndesmotic ligaments of the ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured narrative overview.
  
  
  METHODS
  Keyword search of Medline, CINAHL, and PEDro databases for studies published in English from January 1985 to July 2010. In addition, the reference lists from articles obtained were manually searched for relevant literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This manuscript provides an overview of the distal tibiofibular pathologies, discusses the accuracy, limitations, and prognostic ability of clinical and radiographic examination techniques, and presents a philosophical approach to the rehabilitative management of syndesmotic injuries that integrates known biomechanical influences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An appreciation for the mechanism of injury and a careful examination can distinguish these injuries from other forms of ankle instability. Proper recognition and immediate attention to the unique complexities of this joint can minimize morbidity and prevent a delayed return to sports.
authors.affiliation: UT Southwestern Medical Center School of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8876, United States. ed.mulligan@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Mulligan
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries*; D010808:Physical Examination; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function