title: A comparison of intradermal and intravenous inoculation of bluetongue virus serotype 23 in sheep for clinico-pathology, and viral and immune responses.
abstract: The pathogenesis of bluetongue (BT) could vary with route of inoculation. Using laboratory-passaged moderately virulent bluetongue virus serotype 23 (BTV-23), one of the most prevalent Indian serotype, we investigated the pathogenesis of BT in intradermally (ID) and intravenously (IV) inoculated native sheep. The ID inoculation resulted in relatively increased clinical signs and lesions in many organs as compared to IV inoculation. BTV-23 detection by real-time RT-PCR and isolation studies revealed that ID inoculation can be more efficient than IV ones in disseminating and spreading virus to systemic organs, including pre-scapular draining lymph node, spleen, lungs and pulmonary artery. Furthermore, the ID inoculation resulted in early onset and increased humoral response with significant increase (P<0.01) in antibody titre at various intervals. Taken together, these data suggest that ID inoculation can be more potent in reproducing many aspects of natural infection, including clinical disease, viral and immune responses, and may be useful route in setting up experimental infections for challenge or pathogenesis studies using laboratory passaged BTVs.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India. chs221@mail.usask.ca
authors.forename: Channakeshava Sokke
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Umeshappa
authors.forename: Karam Pal
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rudragouda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Channappanavar
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Roopa Hebbandi
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nanjundappa
authors.forename: Meeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral