title: Mandibular lip bumper for molar torque control.
abstract: Treatment effects of lip bumpers alone include flaring of the mandibular incisors, distalization and uprighting of the mandibular first molars, and buccal expansion of the canines, premolars, and molar. Lip forces are transmitted through this appliance onto the molars. Moreover the lip bumper is able to derotate, expand or constrict, upright and reinforce the anchorage whereas torque control is lacking. Aim of this paper is the presentation of a new type of lip bumper that allows the molar torque control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longobardi
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cannavale
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perillo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019415:Torque