title: A national mass media smoking cessation campaign: effects by race/ethnicity and education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of a large-scale, national smoking cessation media campaign, the EX campaign, across racial/ethnic and educational subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal random-digit-dial panel study conducted prior to and 6 months following the national launch of the campaign.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was drawn from eight designated media markets in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The baseline survey was conducted on 5616 current smokers, aged 18 to 49 years, and 4067 (73% follow-up response rate) were resurveyed at the 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary independent variable is confirmed awareness of the campaign advertising, and the outcome variables are follow-up cessation-related cognitions index score and quit attempts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted within racial/ethnic and educational strata to assess the strength of association between confirmed awareness of campaign advertising and cessation-related outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmed awareness of campaign advertising increased favorable cessation-related cognitions among Hispanics and quit attempts among non-Hispanic blacks, and increased favorable cessation-related cognitions and quit attempts among smokers with less than a high school education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the EX campaign may be effective in promoting cessation-related cognitions and behaviors among minority and disadvantaged smokers who experience a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related illness and mortality.
authors.affiliation: American Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC, USA. dvallone@legacyforhealth.org
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Vallone
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niederdeppe
authors.forename: Amanda Kalaydjian
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niaura
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D008875:Middle Aged; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American