title: Non-invasive methods of estimating intracranial pressure.
abstract: Non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure can be invaluable in the management of critically ill patients. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature  to evaluate the different methods of measuring intracranial pressure. Several methods have been employed to estimate intracranial pressure, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial Doppler sonography, near-infrared spectroscopy, and visual-evoked potentials. In addition, multiple techniques of measuring the optic nerve and the optic nerve sheath diameter have been studied. Ultrasound measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter and Doppler flow are especially promising and may be useful in selected settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. jamiebella78@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jamie B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Ariel L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shiloh
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Savel
authors.forename: Lewis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Eisen
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods