title: Conjunctivochalasis: associations with pinguecula in a hospital-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, consecutive case study conducted at the university hospital of University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine. A total of 1061 patients aged from 1 to 94 years were enrolled. The grade and other parameters of conjunctivochalasis (classified into three locations: nasal, middle and temporal) and the grade of pinguecula located on the nasal or temporal conjunctiva were determined in all subjects. Patients were also divided into 5 or 10 age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of conjunctivochalasis affecting the nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva was significantly correlated with the grade of pinguecula located on the nasal and temporal conjunctiva in each age group (p < 0.05). Pinguecula was independently associated with conjunctivochalasis (nasal: odds ratio [OR] = 1.44; temporal: OR = 1.43) after adjustment for age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was the first assessment of the relation between the grade of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula in a large consecutive series of patients. Our results suggest that the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis are related to the presence of pinguecula.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. mimurat-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Mikiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059407:Pinguecula / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult