title: High plasma interleukin-6 is associated with drug-eluting stent thrombosis: possible role of inflammatory cytokines in the development of stent thrombosis from the Korea Stent Thrombosis Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation might contribute to the development of stent thrombosis (ST). The association between inflammatory cytokine concentrations and drug-eluting ST were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 123 ST patients enrolled in the multicenter Korea Stent Thrombosis registry, plasma samples were available in 41 patients. The patients' clinical characteristics and plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 were compared with 81 matched controls. Although the concentrations of 3 cytokines were higher in the ST group, they did not have significant differences. When divided into quartiles, the proportion of patients with the highest quartile of IL-6 was higher in the ST group than in the control group (44% vs. 16%, P = 0.001), and the highest IL-6 quartile was an independent predictor of ST for both early (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-27.66) and late ST (adjusted HR 4.71; 95%CI 1.06-20.92). In addition, the highest IL-6 quartile was an independent predictor of ST in those on clopidogrel (adjusted HR 7.70; 95%CI 1.97-30.13) but not in those who were off clopidogrel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highest IL-6 quartile was associated with ST, especially in clopidogrel users regardless of the time of ST, suggesting the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in ST.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Main Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kyung Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hyun-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bon-Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: In-Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Hyeon-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gwon
authors.forename: Seung-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ki Bae
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Seung
authors.forename: Taehoon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Jung-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yang-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Myung-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seung-Jea
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tahk
authors.forename: Hyo-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012042:Registries; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000276:immunology*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine