title: In vitro susceptibility of 188 clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus flavus for the new triazole isavuconazole and seven other antifungal drugs.
abstract: Recently isavuconazole, an experimental triazole agent, was found to be active against Aspergillus species. As Aspergillus flavus is the second-most common Aspergillus species isolated from human infection and the fungus has not been widely tested against the drug, we studied a large collection of clinical (n = 178) and environmental (n = 10) strains of A. flavus against isavuconazole and compared the results with seven other Aspergillus-active antifungal agents (some of them triazoles, others echinocandins or polyene antifungals: voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin and amphotericin B) using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods. Strains with high minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were tested by E-test as well. The strains were collected from two different geographical locations (India and the Netherlands). Three isolates (1.6%) had high MIC (2 mg l(-1) by microbroth dilution and 8 mg l(-1) by E-test) for amphotericin B. Isavuconazole showed good activity against A. flavus strains with MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of 1 mg l(-1). As compared with voriconazole (the drug recommended for primary therapy of aspergillosis), isavuconazole had better activity (99.5% of strains had MIC of ≤ 1 mg l(-1) for isavuconazole, compared to 74% of strains with same MIC for voriconazole). All strains were, following recently proposed clinical breakpoints, susceptible for the triazoles tested except three strains, which had MICs of 4 mg l(-1) for voriconazole. Testing these strains with high MIC by E-test, gave results of 0.5-2 mg l(-1). Posaconazole had the lowest MIC(50) and MIC(90) of 0.125 mg l(-1) and 0.25 mg l(-1), respectively. Among echinocandins, 97% of strains had a minimum effective concentration (MEC) of ≤ 0.5 mg l(-1) for caspofungin, and all strains had a MEC of ≤ 0.016 mg l(-1) and ≤ 0.125 mg l(-1) for anidulafungin and micafungin, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Mycology Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shivaprakash
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geertsen
authors.forename: Arunaloke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mouton
authors.forename: Jacques F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meis
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009426:Netherlands; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; D014230:Triazoles; C508735:isavuconazole