title: The cost of out-patient management of chronic heart failure in children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluated the economic burden to families of managing chronic heart failure in children with congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal study was conducted over a year. The families of children with congenital heart disease who were being managed for chronic heart failure in the clinic were recruited for the study. With the aid of a structured questionnaire, data were collected on a monthly basis for three consecutive months, on the family's monthly income, cost of anti-failure medicines, transportation and the number of man-hours spent on clinic visitation. The percentage of the mean monthly income spent on medicines, transportation and the total cost of care were also computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty two families were recruited for the study. The children were 16(50%) each of males and females with a mean age of 2.2 ± 1.7 years. The mean monthly income was $314.93 ± 271.36 while the mean cost of total care was $17.61 ± 10.58. The mean percentage of income spent on total care was 16.3 ± 26.2 % with a range of 0.7 - 122%. Families from low socioeconomic class spent significantly higher percentage of income on medicines and total care compared to those in middle or high socioeconomic classes, P = 0.0095 and 0.041 respectively. Only three (0.09%) patients had surgery for their condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean percentage of income spent on care was significant and amounted to catastrophic health expenditure for a third of the families. Government input in strengthening the existing cardiac centres, establish new ones and subsidising the cost of surgery to meet the needs for open heart surgery for children with CHDs is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. sadohehi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Sadoh
authors.forename: D U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Nwaneri
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Owobu
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011306:Prescription Fees; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents