title: Effect of bone quality and implant surgical technique on implant stability quotient (ISQ) value.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the influence of bone quality and surgical technique on the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value. In addition, the influence of interfacial bone quality, directly surrounding the implant fixture, on the resonance frequency of the structure was also evaluated by the finite element analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different types of bone (type 1 and type 2) were extracted and trimmed from pig rib bone. In each type of bone, the same implants were installed in three different ways: (1) Compaction, (2) Self-tapping, and (3) Tapping. The ISQ value was measured and analyzed to evaluate the influence of bone quality and surgical technique on the implant primary stability. For finite element analysis, a three dimensional implant fixture-bone structure was designed and the fundamental resonance frequency of the structure was measured with three different density of interfacial bone surrounding the implant fixture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each group, the ISQ values were higher in type 1 bone than those in type 2 bone. Among three different insertion methods, the Tapping group showed the lowest ISQ value in both type 1 and type 2 bones. In both bone types, the Compaction groups showed slightly higher mean ISQ values than the Self-tapping groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Increased interfacial bone density raised the resonance frequency value in the finite element analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both bone quality and surgical technique have influence on the implant primary stability, and resonance frequency has a positive relation with the density of implant fixture-surrounding bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Gi
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Seong-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Jai-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Koak
authors.forename: Seong-Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee