title: Real-time observation of transcription initiation and elongation on an endogenous yeast gene.
abstract: Cellular messenger RNA levels are achieved by the combinatorial complexity of factors controlling transcription, yet the small number of molecules involved in these pathways fluctuates stochastically. It has not yet been experimentally possible to observe the activity of single polymerases on an endogenous gene to elucidate how these events occur in vivo. Here, we describe a method of fluctuation analysis of fluorescently labeled RNA to measure dynamics of nascent RNA--including initiation, elongation, and termination--at an active yeast locus. We find no transcriptional memory between initiation events, and elongation speed can vary by threefold throughout the cell cycle. By measuring the abundance and intranuclear mobility of an upstream transcription factor, we observe that the gene firing rate is directly determined by trans-activating factor search times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zenklusen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000235:genetics; D055459:Facilitated Diffusion; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D005970:Glutamate Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007700:Kinetics; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: C083209:MBP1 protein, S cerevisiae; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005970:Glutamate Synthase; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; C083536:POL1 protein, S cerevisiae; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C496538:MDN1 protein, S cerevisiae; D000074183:ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities