title: Asphyxial cardiac arrest, resuscitation and neurological outcome in a Landrace/Large-White swine model.
abstract: The vast majority of laboratory studies on animals have focused on ventricular fibrillation (VF) and not on cardiac arrest (CA) resulting from asphyxia. The aim of this study was to develop a clinically relevant animal model in Landrace/Large-White swine of asphyxial CA resuscitated using the European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Survival and 24 h neurological outcome in terms of functional deficit were also evaluated. Asphyxial arrest was induced by clamping the endotracheal tube (ETT) in 10 Landrace/Large-White piglets. After 4 min of untreated arrest, resuscitation was initiated by unclamping the ETT, 100% oxygen mechanical ventilation, 2 min chest compressions and epinephrine administration. Advanced Life Support algorithm was followed. In case of restoration of spontaneous circulation, the animals were supported for one hour and then observed for 23 h. Coronary perfusion pressure was significantly higher in surviving animals (P < 0.001) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. End-tidal CO(2) was significantly higher in the animals that survived than in non-surviving animals (P = 0.001). All of the animals were severely neurologically impaired 24 h after CA. This refined model of asphyxia CA is easily reproducible and may be used for pharmacological studies in CA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varvarousi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xanthos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lappas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lekka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goulas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dontas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrea
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D034421:Sus scrofa; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004837:Epinephrine