title: Evaluation of acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of plant growth regulators by Daphnia magna embryo assay.
abstract: This study selected common plant growth regulators (Atonik, Cytokinin, Ethephon, Gibberellic acid and Paclobutrazol) to investigate their biological toxicity to the waters of the important biological indicator Daphnia magna. The methods used in this study included traditional neonate acute toxicity test, new Daphnia embryo toxicity test, and teratogenic embryo test. The study concluded that the acute toxicity of the five PGRs to Daphnia neonate had EC(50) value range of 1.9-130.5 mg l(-1), while acute toxicity of PGRs on Daphnia embryo had EC(50) value range of 0.2-125 mg l(-1); the Daphnia embryos' LOEC values (0.05-48 mg l(-1)) for the five PGRs were lower than embryo EC(50) values. The toxic ratios of 48 h EC(50) (neonate)/48 h LOEC (embryo) for 5 PGRs were 19-512 times. The study found that teratogenic effects of Paclobutrazol and Cytokinin induced in embryo were higher than those of most other PGRs. Microscopic observation of the teratogenic effects showed that all 5 PGRs induced malformations of the second antenna, rostrum, Malpighian tube, sensory bristles, and tail spine as well as function loss and death.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC. kenwang@csmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Kai-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chi-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shih-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000633:toxicity; D003621:Daphnia; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000633:toxicity*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014230:Triazoles / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D013723:Teratogens; D014230:Triazoles; C053370:paclobutrazol