title: Primary implant stability after maxillary sinus augmentation with autogenous mesenchymal stem cells: a biomechanical evaluation in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To mechanically evaluate the effect of transplantation of precultured preosteoblasts derived from autogenic adult mesenchymal stem cells (aMSC) for experimental sinus floor augmentation on primary dental implant stability in comparison with conventional augmentation procedures in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  After experimental sinus floor augmentation with a synthetic bone substitute, autogenous bone transplantation or osteoblast precursor cells, the primary stability of implants inserted in the edentulous part of the upper jaw of New Zealand White Rabbits was examined. Mechanical evaluation was performed by determination of insertion torque values (Osseocare(™) ), percussion testing (Periotest(™) ), resonance frequency analysis (Osstell(™) and scanning laser Doppler vibrometer) and measurement of extraction forces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of mechanical properties with percussion testing and resonance frequency analysis with Osstell(™) revealed slightly higher primary stability of the stem cell group whereas the scanning laser Doppler vibrometer and measurement of pull-out forces showed no significant difference to the bone substitute group. Transplantation of autogenous bone graft resulted in the highest primary implant stability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three examination modalities proved suitable for the determination of primary implant stability. The experimental maxillary sinus floor augmentation with precultured osteoblast precursor cells from autogenic stems cells clearly enhanced the primary stability of implants compared with the unaugmented sinus and lead to comparable primary mechanical properties to bone substitutes in rabbits. In comparison with the autogenous bone graft stability enhancement by stem cell transplantation declined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. briecke@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riecke
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heiland
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hothan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morlock
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amling
authors.forename: Felix A S
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Blake
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010474:Percussion; D011817:Rabbits; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D019415:Torque; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate