title: Dual-modality monitoring of tumor response to cyclophosphamide therapy in mice with bioluminescence imaging and small-animal positron emission tomography.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to noninvasively monitor the therapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CTX) in a mouse model by dual-modality molecular imaging: positron emission tomography (PET) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Firefly luciferase (fLuc) transfected HCC-LM3-fLuc human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were injected subcutaneously into BALB/c nude mice to establish the experimental tumor model. Two groups of HCC-LM3-fLuc tumor-bearing mice (n  =  7 per group) were treated with saline or CTX (100 mg/kg on days 0, 2, 5, and 7). BLI and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET scans were done to evaluate the treatment efficacy. CTX induced a 25.25 ± 13.13% and 35.91 ± 25.85% tumor growth inhibition rate on days 9 and 12 posttreatment, respectively, as determined by BLI. A good linear correlation was found between the tumor sizes measured by caliper and the BLI signals determined by optical imaging (R(2)  =  .9216). (18)F-FDG imaging revealed a significant uptake reduction in the tumors of the CTX-treated group compared to that in the saline control group (5.30 ± 1.97 vs 3.00 ± 2.11% ID/g) on day 16 after CTX treatment. Dual-modality molecular imaging using BLI and small-animal PET can play important roles in the process of chemotherapy and will provide noninvasive and reliable monitoring of the therapeutic response.
authors.affiliation: Medical Image Processing Group, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xibo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhaofei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qiujuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shouping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chenghu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D003520:Cyclophosphamide