title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist increases expression of osmotic response genes in leiomyoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize hyperosmolarity-responsive genes in leiomyoma cells and determine whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment altered their expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell culture under hypertonic conditions and with GnRH agonist treatment, RNA isolation, and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), aldose reductase (AR), and sodium myo-inositol transporter 1 (SMIT) messenger RNA (mRNA) in immortalized leiomyoma and patient-matched myometrial cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leiomyoma cells had increased basal expression of NFAT5 mRNA (1.7±0.08-fold) compared with myometrial cells. The NFAT5 increased further in leiomyoma cells cultured under hyperosmolar conditions (3.0±0.46-fold at 50 mM NaCl and 3.3±0.48-fold at 100 mM NaCl). The NFAT5-regulated mRNA transcripts for AR and SMIT were increased in untreated leiomyoma cells compared with myometrial cells and further increased in leiomyoma cells exposed to osmotic stress. The NFAT5 transcripts were decreased with low-dose GnRH agonist treatment but increased with supraphysiologic doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of hyperosmolarity genes was increased in leiomyoma cells relative to myometrial cells. Pharmacologic concentrations of GnRH agonist decreased NFAT5 expression, suggesting that water flows out of leiomyoma cells at pharmacologic doses.
authors.affiliation: Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA.
authors.forename: Desireé M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McCarthy-Keith
authors.forename: Minnie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Britten
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segars
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Catherino
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000235:genetics; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C118125:NFAT5 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; D014157:Transcription Factors; C073884:SLC5A3 protein, human; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D016729:Leuprolide