title: Neuroprotective effect of forsythiaside against transient cerebral global ischemia in gerbil.
abstract: Forsythiaside, a phenylethanoside, has been reported to have anti-oxidative activity and memory ameliorating effects against a scopolamine-induced memory deficit model. The aim of this study was to determine whether forsythiaside has neuroprotective activity on transient cerebral global ischemia in gerbil. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 5 min and followed by reperfusion for 7 days. Oral administration of forsythiaside was conducted immediately after reperfusion and once a day over the next 7 days. The forsythiaside administration significantly increased the number of viable neurons detected by neuronal nuclei immunostaining and decreased degenerating neuronal cells detected by Fluoro-Jade B staining in the hippocampal CA1 region, at the 7th day post-ischemia (P<0.05). Forsythiaside also significantly decreased the number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1-detected activated microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein-detected astrocytes, both of which were increased after ischemic insults, and decreased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression levels, which were also increased after the insults (P<0.05). In addition, forsythiaside significantly improved ischemia-induced cognitive impairments in the Y-maze task (P<0.05). These results suggest that forsythiaside exhibits neuroprotective properties, which are, in part, mediated by its anti-inflammatory activities supported by forsythiaside-induced reductions of activated glial cells and expression levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sunho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Choong Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Se Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kwang Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C058049:forsythiaside