title: An improved PSF mapping method for EPI distortion correction in human brain at ultra high field (7T).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further improve the quality and robustness of the point-spread function (PSF) mapping method for fully automatic and accurate correction of geometric distortions in EPI at ultra high field such as 7 Tesla with high fidelity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional gradient-echo EPI and corresponding PSF reference data in phantoms and in in vivo measurements of the human brain were acquired at 7 Tesla. To accurately determine and correct geometric distortions, i.e., in peripheral areas, the method calculates the local shift in the distorted phase-encoding dimension instead of the non-distorted spin-wrap encoding dimension. The results of the proposed method are compared with those originally demonstrated (Zaitsev et al. Magn Reson Med (2004) 52:1156-1166).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that the proposed method allows measurement and correction of the geometric distortions in EPI with high accuracy, and reduction of residual blurring. In addition, this method prevents errors in the shift map induced by PSF-ghost artifacts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More precise mapping and correction of pixel shifts and blurring is accomplished with the proposed improvements. Errors in the shift map that are caused by PSF-ghost artifacts in the multi-shot PSF acquisition, e.g., from small motion during the reference scan, do not affect the improved shift estimation method.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Myung-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: In
authors.forename: Se-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: Zang-Hee
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D009038:Motion; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging