title: Sporadic isolations of a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone during a 14-month epidemic in a general hospital in Hiroshima.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During 2005-2007, we experienced sporadic isolations of multidrug-resistant (MDRP) Pseudomonas aeruginosa from wards in a general hospital in Hiroshima. The objective of this study was to analyze epidemiology relationships and the mode of spread of the strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clonality was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and serotyping. MICs were determined using the microdilution broth method. Investigations of the affected patients' movements and environmental sampling from the affected wards were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An abrupt increase in MDRP isolations began at the end of 2005 and ended in February 2007. A total of 25 MDRP strains were sporadically isolated from nine wards. Fourteen strains were genotypically and serologically identical. Analysis of the patients' movements identified that six of the 14 MDRP-positive patients became positive for MDRP when they were in the intensive care unit (ICU), and two became positive after the patients moved from the ICU to another nursing unit. Four MDRP strains were isolated from patients who did not stay in the ICU and were in ward E6, which had the second highest number of isolations. In July 2006, environmental sampling of the hospital identified a toilet brush in ward E6 that was contaminated with MDRP that was genotypically and serologically identical to the clinical isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that the sporadic increase in MDRP isolates during 2005-2007 in the general hospital in Hiroshima was due to an epidemic of an MDRP clone. Continuity and spread of infection was probably due to cross infection and contamination in the hospital with the MDRP strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kouda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiue
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kayama
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hisatsune
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D058872:Epidemics; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012703:Serotyping