title: Photochemical internalization: a new tool for gene and oligonucleotide delivery.
abstract: Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology for release of endocytosed macromolecules into the cytosol. The technology is based on the use of photosensitizers located in endocytic vesicles. Upon activation by light such photosensitizers induce a release of macromolecules from their compartmentalization in endocytic vesicles. PCI has been shown to increase the biological activity of a large variety of macromolecules and other molecules that do not readily penetrate the plasma membrane, including type I ribosome-inactivating proteins, immunotoxins, plasmids, adenovirus, various oligonucleotides, dendrimer-based delivery of chemotherapeutica and unconjugated chemotherapeutica such as bleomycin and doxorubicin. This review will present the basis for the PCI concept and the most recent significant developments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway. kristian.berg@rr-research.no
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berstad
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prasmickaite
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weyergang
authors.forename: Pål K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Selbo
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hedfors
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Høgset
mesh_terms: D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents