title: Nitrogen and sulphur mustard induced histopathological observations in mouse visceral organs.
abstract: Nitrogen mustards (HN) and sulphur mustard (SM) are potent alkylating blister inducing chemical warfare agents. Single 1.0 LD50 dose produced a progressive fall in body weight from second day onwards in all groups of mustard agents exposed animals. Histological examination of spleen, liver skin and kidney revealed significant histopathological lesions in nitrogen mustards and sulphur mustard. These lesions include granulovascular degeneration with perinuclear clumping of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and renal parenchymal cells. Renal lesions were characterized by congestion and hemorrhage. The maximum toxic manifestation were noted in spleen and skin of HN-3 exposed mice while sulphur mustard reported maximum toxicity in liver and kidneys. The study suggests both nitrogen mustards and sulphur mustard to be extremely toxic by percutaneous route based on histopathological observation and can contributed to earlier reported free radical generation by these toxicants.
authors.affiliation: Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior--474 002, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D013158:Splenic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D009151:Mustard Gas