title: Intraoperative imaging in ovarian cancer: fact or fiction?
abstract: Tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment is an evolving field of research that is on the verge of clinical implementation. As each tumor has its unique biologic profile, selection of the most promising targets is essential. In this review, we focus on target finding in ovarian cancer, a disease in which fluorescence imaging may be of value in both adequate staging and in improving cytoreductive efforts, and as such may have a beneficial effect on prognosis. Thus far, tumor-targeted imaging for ovarian cancer has been applied only in animal models. For clinical implementation, the five most prominent targets were identified: folate receptor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, chemokine receptor 4, and matrix metalloproteinase. These targets were selected based on expression rates in ovarian cancer, availability of an antibody or substrate aimed at the target approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and the likelihood of translation to human use. The purpose of this review is to present requirements for intraoperative imaging and to discuss possible tumor-specific targets for ovarian cancer, prioritizing for targets with substrates ready for introduction into the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lucia M A
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Oosten
authors.forename: Rick G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pleijhuis
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motekallemi
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dowdy
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cliby
authors.forename: Ate G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: van der Zee
authors.forename: Gooitzen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: van Dam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D058975:Folate Receptor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D039781:PubMed; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D058975:Folate Receptor 1; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D066246:ErbB Receptors