title: Validation of analysis of arsenic in water samples using Wagtech Digital Arsenator.
abstract: Groundwater, the only source of potable water for millions of people in Bangladesh during dry season, is often contaminated with arsenic (As) above the allowable drinking water limit of 50 μg/L. Testing well water--with arsenic field test kits (FTKs)--and switching to safe-wells can effectively reduce exposure to As. FTKs are low cost, provide fast results, and are commercially available. There are between 10 and 11 million shallow tubewells in Bangladesh. Approximately, 5 million have been tested using FTKs. FTKs with color comparator rely on visual identification for generating qualitative results, which may not be highly reliable at the lower range because human eyes have low sensitivity in this range and sensitivity varies from person to person. The Wagtech Digital Arsenator does not suffer from this limitation and should, in theory, be able to generate quantitative, accurate, and reliable results. The instrument has a linear range of 0-100 μg/L, an accuracy of ± 20% for the 50 μg/L quality control standards, and a detection limit of about 4.4 μg/L. All Arsenators employed in this investigation also displayed high bias for 50 μg/L arsenic standard and were calibrated in order to improve measurement accuracy and reliability. Analyses of 179 raw and 92 treated well waters in the field and in two analytical laboratories were found to be highly correlated with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of ≥ 0.800, indicating that Arsenator results are perhaps nearly as accurate and reliable as those from analytical laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Centre for Environmental Technology Advancement, 2070 Hadwen Road, Mississauga, ON L5K2C9, Canada. amiri.s.ali@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safarzadeh-Amiri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fowlie
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siraj
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbor
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D001459:Bangladesh; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014881:Water Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic