title: Faculty empowerment of students to foster civility in nursing education: a merging of two conceptual models.
abstract: Academic incivility negatively impacts faculty and student well-being, weakens professional relationships, and impedes effective teaching and learning. This article addresses the prevalent concern of student incivility and provides useful strategies for faculty to empower students. Two conceptual models, Fostering Civility in Nursing Education and an Empowerment Model, were merged to illustrate how the concepts of civility and empowerment can be combined to foster civility in nursing education. Empowerment domains of motivation, psychic comfort, problem-solving, and self-direction are explored as influential factors promoting constructive reciprocal engagement and civility and, ultimately, enhancing professionalism in a complex and ever-changing health system.
authors.affiliation: Boise State University School of Nursing, Boise, Idaho, USA. cclark@boisestate.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Bonnie L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Davis Kenaley
mesh_terms: D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005181:Faculty, Nursing; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011209:Power, Psychological; D024382:Professional Role / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*