title: Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on sialic acid and gangliosides present in human milk and infant formulas.
abstract: The effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion upon sialic acid and gangliosides in infant and follow-on formulas and human milk, as well as their bioaccessibility, have been evaluated. The gastric stage is the step that causes a greater decrease in sialic acid and ganglioside contents. The intestinal stage only decreases the total and individual contents of gangliosides. After gastrointestinal digestion, neither sialic acid nor gangliosides were found in the nonbioaccessible fraction. The highest bioaccessibility (100 × content in soluble fraction after gastrointestinal digestion/total content) of sialic acid is found in human milk (87%), followed by infant formula (77%) and follow-on formula (16%). In the case of gangliosides, the highest bioaccessibility is present in the follow-on formula (51%), followed by human milk (29%) and infant formula (5%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lacomba
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salcedo
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alegría
authors.forename: Reyes
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barberá
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hueso
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matencio
authors.forename: M Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lagarda
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D004063:Digestion; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid