title: Future perspectives on the fibrinolytic therapy of intracerebral hemorrhages.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a high mortality and severe disability. Whereas a classical open craniotomy for hematoma removal may further traumatize brain tissue, minimally invasive surgery combines benefits of surgical clot removal with limited tissue damage and shorter surgery duration. Evacuation is often hampered by clot retraction, thus, advocating clot liquefaction to facilitate complete evacuation. The use of urokinase or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) alone and in combination with neuroprotective drugs in experimental studies and clinical trials is reviewed with respect to efficacy in hematoma reduction and effects on secondary brain injury. Whereas rtPA promotes delayed edema formation and inflammation after local fibrinolysis, desmoteplase (DSPA), a highly fibrin-selective plasminogen activator derived from vampire bat saliva, combines high fibrinolytic potential with lack of excitotoxicity, thus representing a novel, promising candidate for fibrinolytic therapy of ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. ruth.thiex@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiex
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006406:Hematoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator