title: Comparative material balances around pretreatment technologies for the conversion of switchgrass to soluble sugars.
abstract: For this project, six chemical pretreatments were compared for the Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), dilute sulfuric acid (DA), lime, liquid hot water (LHW), soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA), and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)). For each pretreatment, a material balance was analyzed around the pretreatment, optional post-washing step, and enzymatic hydrolysis of Dacotah switchgrass. All pretreatments+enzymatic hydrolysis solubilized over two-thirds of the available glucan and xylan. Lime, post-washed LHW, and SO(2) achieved >83% total glucose yields. Lime, post-washed AFEX, and DA achieved >83% total xylose yields. Alkaline pretreatments, except AFEX, solubilized the most lignin and a portion of the xylan as xylo-oligomers. As pretreatment pH decreased, total solubilized xylan and released monomeric xylose increased. Low temperature-long time or high temperature-short time pretreatments are necessary for high glucose release from late-harvest Dacotah switchgrass but high temperatures may cause xylose degradation.
authors.affiliation: Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3900 Collins Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA. garlock1@msu.edu
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Garlock
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: V Ramesh
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Pallapolu
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youngmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nathan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Mosier
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ladisch
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Holtzapple
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falls
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sierra-Ramirez
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Mirvat A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ebrik
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.forename: Bryon S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Donohoe
authors.forename: Todd B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Vinzant
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Elander
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hames
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Ryan E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Warner
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008897:Panicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D014994:Xylose / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014994:Xylose; D005947:Glucose