title: Glycated hemoglobin predicts all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in people without a history of diabetes undergoing coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glycated hemoglobin has been suggested to be superior to fasting glucose for the prediction of vascular disease and death from any cause. The aim of the present work was to analyze and compare the predictive value of glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in subjects who underwent coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 2,686 participants of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular health study without a history of diabetes. The majority of this cohort had coronary artery disease. Glycated hemoglobin was measured at the baseline examination. The mean (± SD) duration of the follow-up for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality was 7.54 ± 2.1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 508 deaths occurred during the follow-up. Of those, 299 were accounted for by cardiovascular diseases and 79 by cancer. Baseline glycated hemoglobin was predictive of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) for glycated hemoglobin values of <5.0, 5.0-5.4, 5.5-5.9, 6.0-6.4, 6.5-7.4, and ≥7.5% for all-cause mortality were 1.36 (0.85-2.18), 1.00 (0.76-1.32), 1.00 (reference), 1.11 (0.88-1.41), 1.39 (1.07-1.82), and 2.15 (1.32-3.53), respectively. Similar J-shaped relationships were found between glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular and cancer mortality. The associations of glycated hemoglobin with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remained significant after inclusion of fasting glucose as a covariate. However, fasting glucose was not significantly related to mortality when adjusting for glycated hemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycated hemoglobin significantly and independently of fasting glucose predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in whites at intermediate to high cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Study non-profit LLC, Freiburg, Germany. guenther.silbernagel@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Guenther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silbernagel
authors.forename: Tanja B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.forename: Bernhard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: Bernhard O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: März
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000401:mortality*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000401:mortality; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin