title: Induction immunosuppressive therapy in the elderly kidney transplant recipient in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The choice of induction agent in the elderly kidney transplant recipient is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The risks of rejection at 1 year, functional graft loss, and death by induction agent (IL2 receptor antibodies [IL2RA], alemtuzumab, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin [rATG]) were compared among five groups of elderly (≥60 years) deceased-donor kidney transplant recipients on the basis of recipient risk and donor risk using United Network of Organ Sharing data from 2003 to 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In high-risk recipients with high-risk donors there was a higher risk of rejection and functional graft loss with IL2RA versus rATG. Among low-risk recipients with low-risk donors there was no difference in outcomes between IL2RA and rATG. In the two groups in which donor or recipient was high risk, there was a higher risk of rejection but not functional graft loss with IL2RA. Among low-risk recipients with high-risk donors, there was a trend toward a higher risk of death with IL2RA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rATG may be preferable in high-risk recipients with high-risk donors and possibly low-risk recipients with high-risk donors. In the remaining groups, although rATG is associated with a lower risk of acute rejection, long-term outcomes do not appear to differ. Prospective comparison of these agents in an elderly cohort is warranted to compare the efficacy and adverse consequences of these agents to refine the use of induction immunosuppressive therapy in the elderly population.
authors.affiliation: St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1160 Burrard Street, Suite 602, Vancouver, BC, V6M 2E8 Canada. jsgill2@shaw.ca
authors.forename: Jagbir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Hung-Tien
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Gabriel M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Danovitch
authors.forename: Suphamai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunnapradist
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011817:Rabbits; D012307:Risk Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C508017:IL2RA protein, human; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D000074323:Alemtuzumab