title: Quality of life and near vision impairment due to functional presbyopia among rural Chinese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of near-vision impairment on visual functioning and quality of life in a rural adult population in Shenyang, northern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among persons aged 40+ years, during which functional presbyopia (correctable presenting near vision < 20/50 [N8] at 40 cm) was assessed. Near-vision-related quality of life and spectacle usage questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers to determine the degree of self-rated difficulty with near tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1008 respondents (91.5% of 1102 eligible persons) were examined, and 776 (78%) of completed the questionnaires (mean age, 57.0 ± 10.2 years; 63.3% women). Near-vision spectacle wearers obtained their spectacles primarily from markets (74.5%) and optical shops (21.7%), and only 1.14% from eye clinics. Among 538 (69.3%) persons with functional presbyopia, self-rated overall (distance and near) vision was worse (P < 0.001) and difficulty with activities of daily living greater (P < 0.001) than among nonpresbyopes. Odds of reporting any difficulty with daily tasks remained higher (OR = 2.32; P < 0.001) for presbyopes after adjustment for age, sex, education and distance vision. Compared to persons without presbyopia, presbyopic persons were more likely to report diminished accomplishment due to vision (P = 0.01, adjusted for age, sex, education, and distance vision.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Difficulties with activities of daily living and resulting social impediments are common due to presbyopia in this setting. Most spectacle wearers with presbyopia in rural China obtain near correction from sources that do not provide comprehensive vision care.
authors.affiliation: Shenyang He Eye Hospital, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Congdon
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Gudlavalleti V S
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011788:Quality of Life; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014785:Vision, Ocular