title: Sexual HIV transmission and antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort study of behavioral risk factors among men and women living with HIV/AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using antiretroviral therapies for HIV prevention relies on patient adherence and avoidance of co-occurring sexually transmitted infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to simultaneously examine HIV treatment adherence and sexual risks for HIV transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a prospective cohort of 201 men and 55 women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32% men and 39% women engaged in unprotected intercourse with at least one HIV negative or unknown HIV status sex partner over 12 months. Nearly half (46%) of participants with HIV negative or unknown HIV status unprotected sex partners had detectable HIV viral load and were significantly more likely to have contracted a sexually transmitted infection since their HIV diagnosis. Individuals at higher risk for transmitting HIV were also less adherent to antiretroviral therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Programs that aim to use antiretroviral therapies for HIV prevention require careful attention to adherence, sexually transmitted co-infections, and substance use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. seth.k@uconn.edu
authors.forename: Seth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.forename: Chauncey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Miche'l
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grebler
authors.forename: Moira O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Detorio
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Caliendo
authors.forename: Raymond F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schinazi
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents