title: Path of socialization and cognitive factors' effects on adolescents' alcohol use in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the direct and indirect effects of alcohol-related socialization factors and cognitive factors on adolescent alcohol use in a country with a low prevalence of drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the 2006 phase of the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project, at which time the study participants were in grade nine (aged 14-15 years). Data from 1940 participants were analyzed. The main study variables included the current alcohol use of each adolescent, alcohol expectations, alcohol refusal efficacy, alcohol use among parents and peers, attitudes of the parents toward underage drinking, and peer encouragement of drinking. Path analysis was conducted to examine whether parental and peer socialization factors had direct effects on adolescent alcohol use, or whether they acted indirectly via cognitive factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participants, 19.54% had used alcohol in the previous month. Path analysis demonstrated that father, mother and peer alcohol use directly influenced alcohol use in adolescents. Attitudes of mothers toward underage drinking, peer drinking and peer encouragement of drinking had indirect effects on adolescent alcohol use that were mediated by cognitive factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that alcohol-related socialization factors could directly influence adolescent drinking behavior and had indirect effects on alcohol use that were mediated by cognitive factors partially. Parents and peers play important roles in preventing adolescent alcohol use. Establishing appropriate alcohol expectations and strengthening alcohol refusal skills could aid in decreasing alcohol use in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Wellbeing Science and Technology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chao-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Hsing-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Lee-Lan
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D001290:Attitude; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010379:Peer Group; D057566:Self Report; D012931:Social Environment; D012951:Socialization; D013624:Taiwan