title: Differential antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the somatostatin analogs octreotide and pasireotide in a mouse model of immune-mediated arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that somatostatin exhibits potent antiinflammatory and antinociceptive properties. However, it is not known which of the 5 somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs 1-5) is involved in these actions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the stable somatostatin analogs octreotide and pasireotide (SOM230) in a mouse model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were performed in SSTR2-deficient mice (SSTR2(-/-)) and their wild-type littermates (SSTR2(+/+)). The expression of SSTR1, SSTR2A, SSTR3, and SSTR5 in dorsal root ganglia was examined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Untreated SSTR2(-/-) mice with AIA displayed joint swelling and mechanical hyperalgesia similar to that seen in SSTR2(+/+) mice. In wild-type mice, both octreotide and pasireotide significantly attenuated knee joint swelling and histopathologic manifestations of arthritis to an extent comparable to that of dexamethasone. In SSTR2(-/-) mice, the antiinflammatory effects of both octreotide and pasireotide were completely abrogated. Prolonged administration of pasireotide also inhibited joint swelling and protected against joint destruction during AIA flare reactions. In addition, both octreotide and pasireotide reduced inflammatory hyperalgesia. The antinociceptive actions of octreotide were abolished in SSTR2(-/-) mice, but those of pasireotide were retained. In dorsal root ganglia of naive wild-type mice, only SSTR1 and SSTR2A, but not SSTR3 or SSTR5, were detected in a subset of small- and medium-diameter neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory actions of octreotide and pasireotide are largely mediated via the SSTR2 receptor. In addition, we identified the SSTR1 receptor as a novel pharmacologic target for somatostatin-mediated peripheral analgesia in inflammatory pain.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne-Katja
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Imhof
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Glück
authors.forename: Mieczyslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajda
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupp
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schaible
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin; C517782:pasireotide; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2; D015282:Octreotide