title: Molecular diagnosis of MACC1 status in lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemical analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, we reported that overexpression of metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) mRNA may be a useful marker for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with lung adenocarcinoma following surgery. However, the biological significance of mRNA overexpression is difficult to determine and is not widely used because mRNA expression analysis is relatively expensive and time- and labor-intensive. On the other hand, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is easy to perform, well-established, inexpensive, and is a useful method which can be routinely applied in solid tumor diagnosis in clinical laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor specimens were collected from 197 consecutive patients who underwent a complete resection for lung adenocarcinoma from 1998 to 2007. We analyzed the MACC1 status of the primary lung adenocarcinoma by IHC analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average postoperative observation period was 46.7 months. Forty (20.3%) of the 197 patients developed recurrences after surgery. Positive expression of MACC1 was identified in 129 (65.5%) patients. Furthermore, MACC1 IHC was positive in 33 (82.5%) out of the 40 patients and 96 (61.1%) out of the 157 patients, with and without recurrence, respectively (p=0.011). Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models indicated that positive staining for MACC1 was an independent factor for tumor recurrence. Furthermore, positive staining for MACC1 was associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS), according to the univariate survival analysis (p=0.080).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive staining for MACC1 expression in resected specimens was associated with a poorer DFS. Therefore, positive staining of IHC for MACC1 may be a useful marker for predicting postoperative recurrence in patients with lung adenocarcinoma following surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
authors.forename: Gu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chundong
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uramoto
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanami
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Tsunehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C544162:MACC1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors