title: Overexpression of PGC-1β improves insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: The co-transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) was first identified in 2002. Although the function of PGC-1β in white adipose tissue (WAT) is largely unknown, it has been studied extensively in the liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle. Herein, we investigated PGC-1β overexpression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The main findings were as follows: (i) 3T3-L1 adipocytes overexpressing PGC-1β showed improved insulin sensitivity and elevated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake; (ii) mitochondrial cristae became broader and more ordered, additional smaller mitochondria emerged, mitochondrial DNA increased, and fission 1 protein (Fis1) mRNA expression was greatly elevated; (iii) intracellular ATP levels increased, but no changes were observed in mitochondrial membrane potential, uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA expression, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; and (iv) mitochondrial metabolism factors, namely, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (ACC2) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) were downregulated, while cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX IV) was upregulated. In conclusion, PGC-1β affects not only insulin sensitivity but also mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We believe that the role of PGC-1β is distinct from that of PGC-1α in WAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guang-Ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chen-Bo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng-Kun
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xi-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C485290:Ppargc1a protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D006593:Hexokinase; C498191:Acacb protein, mouse; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; D005947:Glucose