title: Anxiety and/or depression in 10-15-year-olds investigated by child welfare in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine five types of child maltreatment and other risk correlates to establish associations with anxiety and/or depression confirmed or suspected in children investigated by child welfare services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study used the data of a subsample of 10-15-year-olds (n = 4,381) investigated by child welfare services across Canada obtained from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2003. The analysis took into account the nested structure of the data by considering the variability existing among families and the clustering of siblings within them. Several models were analyzed for the construction of the presented hierarchical model. Striving for parsimony, we included only statistically significant variables in the final model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strongest associations were found with child substance abuse, substantiated emotional maltreatment, primary caregiver's mental health problems, and substantiated sexual abuse. Among the child maltreatment variables, substantiated physical abuse and substantiated exposure to domestic violence did not show any statistically significant associations with anxiety and/or depression in the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis helped us in understanding child maltreatment and other adverse experiences in childhood that were related to anxiety and/or depression, which can further aid in the development of mental health and child welfare policies and programs.
authors.affiliation: Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, 200 Eglantine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Lil.Tonmyr@phac-aspc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Lil
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonmyr
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hovdestad
authors.forename: Jasminka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Draca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D002669:Child Welfare; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis