title: Moxifloxacin-acetaminophen-warfarin interaction during bacille Calmette-Guerin treatment for bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The case of a patient receiving long-term anticoagulation with warfarin who had supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratios (INRs) after receiving concomitant acetaminophen and moxifloxacin as prophylaxis with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for bladder cancer is reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An 89-year-old man receiving long-term anticoagulation with warfarin sodium (total weekly dosage of 19 mg) arrived at the anticoagulation clinic for his monthly visit. On the day before this visit, he had received the third of six serial weekly BCG bladder instillations for the treatment of bladder cancer. He did not report that acetaminophen 1000 mg four times daily and one dose of moxifloxacin 400 mg had been prescribed before these instillations. An INR check revealed a value of 6.7. He was instructed to take 2.5 mg of oral phytonadione and to withhold his warfarin dose that night. On the next day, his INR was 3.2. Each time he arrived at the anticoagulation clinic after his BCG therapy, his INR was supratherapeutic, except after his fourth treatment (INR of 2.5), which can be explained by residual effects from the phytonadione he received a week earlier. After completion of his BCG therapy, he was instructed to resume his usual warfarin sodium dosage of 19 mg weekly, and his INR remained in the desired therapeutic range. According to the Drug Interaction Probability Scale, the development of supratherapeutic INRs was probably associated with concomitant acetaminophen and moxifloxacin use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An 89-year-old man receiving long-term anticoagulation with warfarin had supratherapeutic INRs after receiving acetaminophen and moxifloxacin as prophylaxis during BCG therapy for bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. rlee2@stanfordmed.org
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berube
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000082:Acetaminophen; D014859:Warfarin; D010837:Vitamin K 1; D000077266:Moxifloxacin