title: Diets rich in saturated fat and/or salt differentially modulate atrial natriuretic peptide and renin expression in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of a diet rich in salt and/or saturated fat on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-granules, hypertension, renin expression, and cardiac structure in C57Bl/6 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young adult male mice were separated into four groups (n = 12) and fed one of the following for 9 weeks: standard chow/normal salt (SC-NS), high-fat chow/normal salt (HF-NS), standard chow/high salt (SC-HS) and high-fat chow/high salt (HF-HS). Alterations in the serum ANP, ultrastructural analysis of cardiomyocytes that produce ANP, structural analysis of the left ventricle, blood pressure, renin expression, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), feed efficiency, and lipid and glucose parameters were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HF-NS diet showed a small increase in ANP production and left ventricular hypertrophy, increased food efficiency, and abnormal lipid and glucose parameters. The SC-HS diet showed a large increase in ANP granules in myocytes and corresponding elevation in ANP serum levels, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, decrease in renin levels, and increase in GFR. The combination of the two diets (HF-HS) had an additive effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incorporation of a high-fat high-salt diet induced ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes, increased the production of ANP and increased its serum level, and reduced the amount of renin in the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milton Vieira
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes-Santos
authors.forename: Tatiane da Silva
authors.initials: Tda S
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Marcia Barbosa
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Aguila
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mandarim-de-Lacerda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011897:Random Allocation; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism*; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000009:adverse effects; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D013024:Soybean Oil; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D012083:Renin; C029310:lard