title: Food restriction improves glucose and lipid metabolism through Sirt1 expression: a study using a new rat model with obesity and severe hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of food restriction (FR) on the expression of Sirt1 and its down-stream factors related to lipid and glucose metabolism in obese and hypertensive rats (SHRSP/IDmcr-fa), as a model of human metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male, 10-week-old SHRSP/IDmcr-fa rats were treated with 85% FR for 2 weeks. Metabolic parameters, serum adipocytokines and distribution of serum adiponectin multimers were investigated. Sirt1 expression was determined in epididymal adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscle. We also determined the expression of PPARα, γ and other adipocyte-related genes in epididymal adipose tissue, and glucose transporters (GLUT2 and GLUT4) in the liver and skeletal muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FR improved the general conditions as well as blood chemistry of SHRSP/IDmcr-fa rats. In the epididymal adipose tissue of the FR rats, Sirt1 expression was enhanced, as was adiponectin, whereas leptin was downregulation, findings that were paralleled by the serum protein levels. Furthermore, the serum ratio of high to total adiponectin was increased in the FR group. The mRNA expression of Sirt1 was upregulated in the adipose tissue in the FR group. Sirt1 mRNA expression was downregulated, while PPARα and GLUT2 expression was enhanced in the liver. No differences were found in terms of Sirt1, PPAR or GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that FR corrects adipokine dysfunction by activating PPARγ via Sirt1 in adipose tissue. Furthermore, glucose and lipid metabolism are activated by upregulation of GLUT2 via the activation of PPARα in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Kinki University Faculty of Agriculture, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan. kuriman@nara.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemori
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuno
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D005947:Glucose