title: Temporal distance insulates against immediate social pain: an NIRS study of social exclusion.
abstract: Social exclusion often evokes social pain in excluded individuals. Although this pain can trigger various interpersonal difficulties (e.g., aggression, depression), it is still unclear which psychological approach might best help to regulate social pain. However, recent work suggests that temporal distance helps to facilitate adaptive coping and self-control. The present study measured ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity during social exclusion, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine the functional relationship between "temporal distance approach," or thinking about the distant future, and the social pain regulation process. Participants that imagined the distant future, next year, and beyond, felt less social pain and showed increased right (r)VLPFC activity during social exclusion, as compared to imagining events in the near future, such as tonight and tomorrow. Furthermore, rVLPFC activity mediated the relationship between temporal distance and social pain. On the basis of these findings, the effect of temporal distance on the process of adaptation after social exclusion is discussed. It is suggested that temporal distance moderates the process of regulating the impact of social exclusion.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan. kuniaki-ya-1031@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masui
authors.forename: Kaichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furutani
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010146:Pain / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology*; D012938:Social Perception; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins