title: γ-oscillations modulated by picture naming and word reading: intracranial recording in epileptic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We measured cortical gamma-oscillations in response to visual-language tasks consisting of picture naming and word reading in an effort to better understand human visual-language pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied six patients with focal epilepsy who underwent extraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) recording. Patients were asked to overtly name images presented sequentially in the picture naming task and to overtly read written words in the reading task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both tasks commonly elicited gamma-augmentation (maximally at 80-100 Hz) on ECoG in the occipital, inferior-occipital-temporal and inferior-Rolandic areas, bilaterally. Picture naming, compared to reading task, elicited greater gamma-augmentation in portions of pre-motor areas as well as occipital and inferior-occipital-temporal areas, bilaterally. In contrast, word reading elicited greater gamma-augmentation in portions of bilateral occipital, left occipital-temporal and left superior-posterior-parietal areas. Gamma-attenuation was elicited by both tasks in portions of posterior cingulate and ventral premotor-prefrontal areas bilaterally. The number of letters in a presented word was positively correlated to the degree of gamma-augmentation in the medial occipital areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gamma-augmentation measured on ECoG identified cortical areas commonly and differentially involved in picture naming and reading tasks. Longer words may activate the primary visual cortex for the more peripheral field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study increases our understanding of the visual-language pathways.
authors.affiliation: MD-PhD Program, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Erik C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoechstetter
authors.forename: Aashit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology*