title: How do immune cells overcome the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?
abstract: The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the movement of soluble mediators and leukocytes from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). Leukocyte entry into the CNS is nonetheless an early event in multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disorder of the CNS. Whether BBB dysfunction precedes immune cell infiltration or is the consequence of perivascular leukocyte accumulation remains enigmatic, but leukocyte migration modifies BBB permeability. Immune cells of MS subjects express inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes that can facilitate their migration to the CNS by influencing BBB function, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we describe how immune cells from the peripheral blood overcome the BBB and promote CNS inflammation in MS through BBB disruption.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Neuromics, CRCHUM, Notre-Dame Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larochelle
authors.forename: Jorge Ivan
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases