title: Mothers of infants with congenital heart defects: well-being from pregnancy through the child's first six months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the well-being among mothers of children with congenital heart defects (CHD) with mothers of children without CHD (controls), at pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We linked prospective data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, with a nationwide medical CHD registry. In the MoBa cohort of 61,456 mothers, we identified 212 mothers of infants with mild (n = 92), moderate (n = 50), or severe CHD (n = 70). Subjective well-being was operationalized by means of maternal life satisfaction, joy, and anger at the 30th week of gestation and at 6 months postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective well-being in mothers of children with CHD remained unchanged and similar to that of controls on satisfaction with life (P = 0.120) and feelings of joy (P = 0.065). However, at child age 6 months, mothers of infants with severe CHD reported slightly elevated feelings of anger compared with controls (P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Joy and life satisfaction remained intact among mothers of children with CHD. Yet, elevated feelings of anger in mothers of children with the most severe CHD suggest that they may experience more frustration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behavior, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Post Box 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway. MariaTeresaGronning.Dale@fhi.no
authors.forename: Maria T Grønning
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Oivind
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holmstrøm
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Landolt
authors.forename: Leif T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eskedal
authors.forename: Margarete E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vollrath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009664:Norway; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires