title: Community pharmacists' use of language-access services in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine community pharmacists' use of language-access services (LASs) in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States from January to February 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,000 pharmacists (500 community chain and 500 community independent pharmacists).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Use, availability, and characterization of written translation and verbal interpretation LASs, along with perceived barriers for LASs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  296 surveys were completed, yielding an adjusted response rate of 30.0%. Computer software was used more often for translation LASs (57.4%) compared with pharmacists using on-site personnel (38.4%). Almost one-half of all pharmacies (49.8%) that possessed LAS capacity failed to notify patients of their availability. Many respondents indicated that they never used translation (40.9%) or interpretation (39.8%) in their pharmacies. The most commonly cited barrier for use of LASs by community pharmacists was potential inaccuracies in translation/interpretation (52.1%). Lack of time (25.1%) was frequently cited for failing to use LASs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Community pharmacists are not consistently or optimally using LASs in daily practice. Failure to use LASs can result in poorer outcomes for patients with limited English proficiency. Developing means to navigate work station-related barriers to LASs may yield improved patient care. Incorporation of professional continuing educational programs, automated LAS kiosks, natural language processing, and social media solutions merit exploration in addressing these challenges.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA. maria.maniscalco@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maria Maniscalco
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Feichtl
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Clauson
authors.forename: Fadi M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Alkhateeb
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jamass
authors.forename: Hyla H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Polen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D012984:Software; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult