title: Cupriavidus necator JMP134 rapidly reduces furfural with a Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase.
abstract: Ethanol is a renewable biofuel, and it can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass. The biomass is usually converted to hydrolysates that consist of sugar and sugar derivatives, such as furfural. Yeast ferments sugar to ethanol, but furfural higher than 3 mM is inhibitory. It can take several days for yeast cells to reduce furfural to non-inhibitory furfuryl alcohol before producing ethanol. Bioreduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol before fermentation may relieve yeast from furfural toxicity. We observed that Cupriavidus necator JMP134, a strict aerobe, rapidly reduced 17 mM furfural to less than 3 mM within 14 min with cell turbidity of 1.0 at 600 nm at 50°C. The rapid reduction consumed ethanol. The "furfural reductase" (FurX) was purified, and it oxidized ethanol to acetaldehyde and reduced furfural to furfuryl alcohol with NAD(+) as the cofactor. The protein was identified with mass spectrometry fingerprinting to be a hypothetical protein belonging to Zn-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family. The furX-inactivation mutant of C. necator JMP134 lost the ability to rapidly reduce furfural, and Escherichia coli producing recombinant FurX gained the ability. Thus, an alcohol dehydrogenase enabled bacteria to rapidly reduce furfural with ethanol as the reducing power.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Life Sciences Building, Room 202, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA.
authors.forename: Qunrui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Metthew Lam
authors.forename: Luying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xun
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020118:Cupriavidus necator / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D005663:Furans / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010957:Plasmids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005663:Furans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009243:NAD; C036909:lignocellulose; D000431:Ethanol; D008031:Lignin; C012986:furfuryl alcohol; D005662:Furaldehyde; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D015032:Zinc