title: Adolescents with temporomandibular disorder pain-the living with TMD pain phenomenon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To acquire a deeper understanding of adolescents' experiences of living with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adolescents with TMD pain, aged 15 to 19, were strategically selected from a group of patients referred to an orofacial pain clinic. The patients were examined and received diagnoses per the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. One-on-one interviews that followed a semistructured protocol focused on the patient's experiences of living with TMD pain. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, followed by content analysis to obtain a deeper understanding of adolescents' experiences living with TMD pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Content analysis led to the overall theme "Adolescents with TMD live with recurrent pain; physical problems and daily demands form a vicious circle that causes adolescents to oscillate between hope and despondency." The latent content forming the theme is grounded in three categories that evolved from 13 subcategories. For instance, five subcategories-headache; headache on awakening; jaw and tooth pain; constant thoughts of pain; and popping, cracking, clicking, and locking-formed the category that was labeled TMD pain is recurrent. The latent interpretation, ie, the meaning, of this category was that adolescents with TMD pain constantly thought about the pain, even when it was absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMD pain is a substantial problem for affected adolescents and has consequences for all aspects of their lives. In this study, the adolescents were able to talk openly and introduce issues outside of the interview protocol. Qualitative analysis deepens our understanding of the adolescent patient with TMD pain.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral Rehabilitation, Folktandvården Druvan, Norrköping, Sweden. ing-marie.nilsson@lio.se
authors.forename: Ing-Marie
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: List
authors.forename: Ania
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult