title: Periodontal treatment during pregnancy decreases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome: a controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease during the second trimester of gestation on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant patients during the 1st and 2nd trimesters at antenatal care in a Public Health Center were divided into 2 groups: NIG--"no intervention" (n=17) or IG--"intervention" (n=16). IG patients were submitted to a non-surgical periodontal treatment performed by a single periodontist consisting of scaling and root planning (SRP), professional prophylaxis (PROPH) and oral hygiene instruction (OHI). NIG received PROPH and OHI during pregnancy and were referred for treatment after delivery. Periodontal evaluation was performed by a single trained examiner, blinded to periodontal treatment, according to probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI) at baseline and 35 gestational weeks-28 days post-partum. Primary adverse pregnancy outcomes were preterm birth (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2.5 kg), late abortion (14-24 weeks) or abortion (<14 weeks). The results obtained were statistically evaluated according to OR, unpaired t test and paired t test at 5% significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between groups at baseline examination. Periodontal treatment resulted in stabilization of CAL and PI (p>0.05) at IG and worsening of all periodontal parameters at NIG (p<0.0001), except for PI. Significant differences in periodontal conditions of IG and NIG were observed at 2nd examination (p<0.001). The rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 47.05% in NIG and 6.25% in IG. Periodontal treatment during pregnancy was associated to a decreased risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes [OR=13.50; CI: 1.47-123.45; p=0.02].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal treatment during the second trimester of gestation contributes to decrease adverse pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil. acpsantana@usp.br
authors.forename: Adriana Campos Passanezi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sant'Ana
authors.forename: Marinele R de
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Selma Campos
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Passanezi
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia Rubo de
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: Sebastião Luiz Aguiar
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Greghi
authors.forename: Euloir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passanezi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000517:prevention & control; D011295:Prenatal Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult