title: A structured tool to analyse coverage decisions: development and feasibility test in the field of cancer screening and prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The comparison of fourth hurdle processes is challenging because they are heterogeneous and decision practice may deviate from formal process rules. This study applies a published framework consisting of key steps of coverage decision processes to the area of cancer prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A research design was developed for analysis of case studies on past decision processes. Decisions were identified and information on the process steps was elicited by semi-structured telephone interviews with decision-makers and experts. The scheme was validated with experts from the areas of screening and prevention and fourth hurdle decision making.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indicators for a structured empirical comparison of coverage decisions were derived. Corresponding ordinal rankings were proposed. Details on six decisions about cancer screening (colorectal and prostate cancer) and vaccination against human papillomavirus in Sweden, Austria and Lithuania are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of the structured scheme for analysis of coverage decisions allows validation of official statements on decision processes and collection of larger data sets for empirical analysis. However, the semi-structured phone interviews were time-consuming for collecting information on a larger number of decisions. Further validation of the structured scheme and development of a research tool for large-scale empirical studies is still needed.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Katharina.fischer@helmholtz-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Katharina E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leidl
authors.forename: Wolf H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Rogowski
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011050:Policy Making