title: A methodological analysis of randomized clinical trials of computer-assisted therapies for psychiatric disorders: toward improved standards for an emerging field.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computer-assisted therapies offer a novel, cost-effective strategy for providing evidence-based therapies to a broad range of individuals with psychiatric disorders. However, the extent to which the growing body of randomized trials evaluating computer-assisted therapies meets current standards of methodological rigor for evidence-based interventions is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A methodological analysis of randomized clinical trials of computer-assisted therapies for adult psychiatric disorders, published between January 1990 and January 2010, was conducted. Seventy-five studies that examined computer-assisted therapies for a range of axis I disorders were evaluated using a 14-item methodological quality index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated marked heterogeneity in study quality. No study met all 14 basic quality standards, and three met 13 criteria. Consistent weaknesses were noted in evaluation of treatment exposure and adherence, rates of follow-up assessment, and conformity to intention-to-treat principles. Studies utilizing weaker comparison conditions (e.g., wait-list controls) had poorer methodological quality scores and were more likely to report effects favoring the computer-assisted condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While several well-conducted studies have indicated promising results for computer-assisted therapies, this emerging field has not yet achieved a level of methodological quality equivalent to those required for other evidence-based behavioral therapies or pharmacotherapies. Adoption of more consistent standards for methodological quality in this field, with greater attention to potential adverse events, is needed before computer-assisted therapies are widely disseminated or marketed as evidence based.
authors.affiliation: Departmentof Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kiluk
authors.forename: Dawn E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sugarman
authors.forename: Charla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nich
authors.forename: Carly J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rounsaville
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012015:Reference Standards; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States