title: Associations of fast food restaurant availability with dietary intake and weight among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study, 2000-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations of fast food restaurant (FFR) availability with dietary intake and weight among African Americans in the southeastern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated cross-sectional associations of FFR availability with dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 4740 African American Jackson Heart Study participants (55.2 ± 12.6 years, 63.3% women). We estimated FFR availability using circular buffers with differing radii centered at each participant's geocoded residential location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no consistent associations between FFR availability and BMI or waist circumference. Greater FFR availability was associated with higher energy intake among men and women younger than 55 years, even after adjustment for individual socioeconomic status. For each standard deviation increase in 5-mile FFR availability, the energy intake increased by 138 kilocalories (confidence interval [CI] = 70.53, 204.75) for men and 58 kilocalories (CI = 8.55, 105.97) for women. We observed similar associations for the 2-mile FFR availability, especially in men. FFR availability was also unexpectedly positively associated with total fiber intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FFR availability may contribute to greater energy intake in younger African Americans who are also more likely to consume fast food.
authors.affiliation: Jackson Heart Study, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA. demarc.a.hickson@jsums.edu
authors.forename: Demarc A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hickson
authors.forename: Ana V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Diez Roux
authors.forename: Adam E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012147:Restaurants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult