title: Induction of apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells by kaempferol 3-O-β-isorhamninoside and rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-isorhamninoside from Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kaempferol 3-O-β-isorhamninoside (K3O-ir) and rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-isorhamninoside (R3O-ir) from Rhamnus alaternus L leaves are investigated for their ability to induce apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells. We have attempted to characterize apoptotic pathway activated by these two flavonoids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apoptosis of the human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line was detected by DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and by evaluating caspase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptosis was observed after 24- and 48-h incubation of the cells with the tested compounds. DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment with flavonoids; this was confirmed by demonstration of PARP cleavage. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities were induced by both K3O-ir and R3O-ir flavonoids showing highest activity with compound concentration of 400 μg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that K3O-ir and R3O-ir induce apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells by the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Medecine Dentaire Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Université de Monastir, Tunisie.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bhouri
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bouhlel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boubaker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghedira
authors.forename: L Chekir
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ghedira
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D044948:Flavonols; D044949:Kaempferols; D010078:Oxazines; D014312:Trisaccharides; D014966:Xanthenes; C559263:kaempferol 3-O-isorhamninoside; C541117:kaempferol-7-methyl ether; C005843:resazurin; C006552:kaempferol; C072289:rhamnocitrin 3-O-isorhamninoside; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases