title: Complete genome sequence and immunoproteomic analyses of the bacterial fish pathogen Streptococcus parauberis.
abstract: Although Streptococcus parauberis is known as a bacterial pathogen associated with bovine udder mastitis, it has recently become one of the major causative agents of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) streptococcosis in northeast Asia, causing massive mortality resulting in severe economic losses. S. parauberis contains two serotypes, and it is likely that capsular polysaccharide antigens serve to differentiate the serotypes. In the present study, the complete genome sequence of S. parauberis (serotype I) was determined using the GS-FLX system to investigate its phylogeny, virulence factors, and antigenic proteins. S. parauberis possesses a single chromosome of 2,143,887 bp containing 1,868 predicted coding sequences (CDSs), with an average GC content of 35.6%. Whole-genome dot plot analysis and phylogenetic analysis of a 60-kDa chaperonin-encoding gene and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-encoding gene showed that the strain was evolutionarily closely related to Streptococcus uberis. S. parauberis antigenic proteins were analyzed using an immunoproteomic technique. Twenty-one antigenic protein spots were identified in S. parauberis, by reaction with an antiserum obtained from S. parauberis-challenged olive flounder. This work provides the foundation needed to understand more clearly the relationship between pathogen and host and develops new approaches toward prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to deal with streptococcosis in fish. The work also provides a better understanding of the physiology and evolution of a significant representative of the Streptococcaceae.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Nho
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hikima
authors.forename: In Seok
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Seong Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Carmelo S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: del Castillo
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001208:Asia; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000382:microbiology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D020543:Proteome; D037521:Virulence Factors