title: Depressed mood in pregnancy: prevalence and correlates in two Cape Town peri-urban settlements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The disability associated with depression and its impact on maternal and child health has important implications for public health policy. While the prevalence of postnatal depression is high, there are no prevalence data on antenatal depression in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of depressed mood in pregnancy in Cape Town peri-urban settlements.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reports on baseline data collected from the Philani Mentor Mothers Project (PMMP), a community-based, cluster-randomized controlled trial on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa. The PMMP aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based intervention for preventing and managing illnesses related to HIV, TB, alcohol use and malnutrition in pregnant mothers and their infants. Participants were 1062 pregnant women from Khayelitsha and Mfuleni, Cape Town. Measures included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Derived AUDIT-C, indices for social support with regards to partner and parents, and questions concerning socio-demographics, intimate partner violence, and the current pregnancy. Data were analysed using bivariate analyses followed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed mood in pregnancy was reported by 39% of mothers. The strongest predictors of depressed mood were lack of partner support, intimate partner violence, having a household income below R2000 per month, and younger age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of depressed mood in pregnancy necessitates early screening and intervention in primary health care and antenatal settings for depression. The effectiveness and scalability of community-based interventions for maternal depression must be developed for pregnant women in peri-urban settlements.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00972699.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa. maryhartley28@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: W Scott
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Comulada
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: le Roux
authors.forename: Nokwanele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mbewu
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rotheram-Borus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult