title: Amphipols from A to Z.
abstract: Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents to keep integral membrane proteins (MPs) water soluble. In this review, we discuss their structure and solution behavior; the way they associate with MPs; and the structure, dynamics, and solution properties of the resulting complexes. All MPs tested to date form water-soluble complexes with APols, and their biochemical stability is in general greatly improved compared with MPs in detergent solutions. The functionality and ligand-binding properties of APol-trapped MPs are reviewed, and the mechanisms by which APols stabilize MPs are discussed. Applications of APols include MP folding and cell-free synthesis, structural studies by NMR, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, APol-mediated immobilization of MPs onto solid supports, proteomics, delivery of MPs to preexisting membranes, and vaccine formulation.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS/Université Paris-7 UMR 7099, Paris, France. Jean-Luc.Popot@ibpc.fr
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authors.lastname: Popot
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mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011108:Polymers