title: Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for 2,4-dichlorophenol: comparing native species data with non-native species data.
abstract: 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is known as an important chemical intermediate and an environmental endocrine disruptor. There is no paper dealing with the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4-DCP, mainly due to shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, toxicity data was obtained from the tests using six Chinese native aquatic species. The HC(5) (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) was derived based on the constructed species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which was compared with that derived from literature toxicity data of non-native species. For invertebrates, the survival no-observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 0.05 and 1.00 mg L(-1) for Macrobrachium superbum and Corbicula fluminea, respectively. NOECs based on fishes' growth were 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg L(-1) for Mylopharyngodon piceus, Plagiognathops microlepis and Erythroculter ilishaeformis, respectively. For aquatic plant Soirodela polyrhiza, NOEC based on concentration of chlorophyll was 1.00 mg L(-1). A final PNEC calculated using the SSD approach with a 50% certainty based on different taxa ranged between 0.008 and 0.045 mg L(-1). There is no significant difference between HC(5) derived from native and that from non-native taxa.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jinmiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Satyanarayanan Senthil
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kumaran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D003530:Cyprinidae; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D058865:Introduced Species; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol