title: How much is a reduction in morning stiffness worth to patients with rheumatoid arthritis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the monetary equivalent of the emotional and functional impact of morning stiffness (MS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using alternative valuing methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews were conducted among 166 patients with RA to assess utility and clinical symptoms, including MS. Three standard economic methods were used: the human capital approach (HCA), marginal value of time (MVT), and willingness-to-pay (WTP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The monetary equivalent of the impact of MS varied with the method used (from EUR 5.74 to EUR 17.87 per patient per day) and severity of MS (5-8-fold higher in patients with severe MS compared with mild MS). Patients placed considerable value on a reduction in duration and severity of MS. Patients with MS lasting an hour or more were willing to pay EUR 21.74/day to stop the symptom and EUR 10.63/day to halve the duration. Patients with severe MS were willing to pay EUR 47.86/day to stop the symptom and EUR 21.68/day to halve the severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed variation in the monetary equivalent of the impact of MS obtained with the three estimation methods indicates that the findings of studies using different valuing methods should not be compared directly. The study demonstrates that a reduction in MS is worth a considerable amount to patients with RA, particularly those with severe or prolonged MS. These findings suggest that clinical treatment decisions to improve patients' quality of life should also incorporate therapy that reduces MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Finland. risto.tuominen@utu.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möttönen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000191:economics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile