title: Identification of mycoparasitism-related genes in Trichoderma atroviride.
abstract: A high-throughput sequencing approach was utilized to carry out a comparative transcriptome analysis of Trichoderma atroviride IMI206040 during mycoparasitic interactions with the plant-pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. In this study, transcript fragments of 7,797 Trichoderma genes were sequenced, 175 of which were host responsive. According to the functional annotation of these genes by KOG (eukaryotic orthologous groups), the most abundant group during direct contact was "metabolism." Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR confirmed the differential transcription of 13 genes (including swo1, encoding an expansin-like protein; axe1, coding for an acetyl xylan esterase; and homologs of genes encoding the aspartyl protease papA and a trypsin-like protease, pra1) in the presence of R. solani. An additional relative gene expression analysis of these genes, conducted at different stages of mycoparasitism against Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora capsici, revealed a synergistic transcription of various genes involved in cell wall degradation. The similarities in expression patterns and the occurrence of regulatory binding sites in the corresponding promoter regions suggest a possible analog regulation of these genes during the mycoparasitism of T. atroviride. Furthermore, a chitin- and distance-dependent induction of pra1 was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Research Area Gene Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstraße 1a/166, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. barbara.reithner@tuwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reithner
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ibarra-Laclette
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrera-Estrella
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000382:microbiology; D012232:Rhizoctonia; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors