title: Renal cell carcinoma of native kidney in Chinese renal transplant recipients: a report of 12 cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present and discuss the epidemiological and clinical aspects, as well as therapeutic options and outcome of de novo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the native kidneys in a series of Chinese renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cohort study examining all renal transplant recipients with the diagnosis of RCC of native kidney followed up in two major regional hospitals in Hong Kong between January 2000 and December 2009. Clinical data included age, gender, cause of renal failure, symptoms at presentation, duration of transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, and history of acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD). Laboratory, radiographic, operative, and pathology reports were used to assess the tumor extent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 1,003 renal transplant recipients recruited, 12 transplant recipients had a nephrectomy for a total of 13 RCC. The prevalence of de novo RCC was 1.3%. The mean age at diagnosis of RCC was 48.4 years, and the median time from transplantation to diagnosis was 6.1 years. ACKD was found in 6 (50%) of the patients. All patients except one were asymptomatic. pT1 disease was found in ten patients with a mean tumor size of 3.2 cm. All patients were treated successfully with radical nephrectomy. After a median follow-up of 38 months, two patients (16.7%) died. One died of sepsis, and the other died of metastatic carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With increasing data showing a better prognosis if RCC is detected early by screening, it is time to consider screening all kidney transplant recipients for ACKD and RCC.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chi Yuen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Man Fai
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: King Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gavin Sheung Wai
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kwok Wah
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Ka Foon
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Chun Sang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tak Mao
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kar Neng
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000150:complications; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies