title: Proteomic technologies for the identification of disease biomarkers in serum: advances and challenges ahead.
abstract: Serum is an ideal biological sample that contains an archive of information due to the presence of a variety of proteins released by diseased tissue, and serum proteomics has gained considerable interest for the disease biomarker discovery. Easy accessibility and rapid protein changes in response to disease pathogenesis makes serum an attractive sample for clinical research. Despite these advantages, the analysis of serum proteome is very challenging due to the wide dynamic range of proteins, difficulty in finding low-abundance target analytes due to the presence of high-abundance serum proteins, high levels of salts and other interfering compounds, variations among individuals and paucity of reproducibility. Sample preparation introduces pre-analytical variations and poses major challenges to analyze the serum proteome. The label-free detection techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, microcantilever, few nanotechniques and different resonators are rapidly emerging for the analysis of serum proteome and they have exhibited potential to overcome few limitations of the conventional techniques. In this article, we will discuss the current status of serum proteome analysis for the biomarker discovery and address key technological advancements, with a focus on challenges and amenable solutions.
authors.affiliation: Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Sandipan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Panga J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Kishore
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gollapalli
authors.forename: Aliasgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moiyadi
authors.forename: Sanjeeva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001709:Biotechnology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004194:Disease; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins