title: Translation, cultural adaptation and aplication of a pain questionnaire for patients with polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is a common symptom in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), affecting around 60% of cases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Translate a pain questionnaire developed and validated for ADPKD in USA into Portuguese and to perform its cultural adaptation and apply it.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cultural adaptation performed by a panel of experts resulted in small changes consisting of words substitution by synonyms or deletion of terms not commonly used in our culture in 12 out of the 46 questions posed, to solve patients difficulties in understanding the questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There has been equivalence between the adapted form of the instrument with the back-translation. The final form of the questionnaire applied in 97 patients with ADPKD (64F/33M, 35 ± 12 years) showed that 65 (67%) had isolated or associated pain in multiple locations , more often at lumbar region (77%), followed by abdominal (66%), headache (15%) and chest (4%). The questionnaire revealed that after family history, pain was the second factor contributing to the diagnosis of ADPKD in this population (55% and 22% of cases, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical and laboratory data from medical records showed that patients referring pain had renal volume and size of the largest cyst significantly higher than those without pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the use of a specific pain questionnaire for ADPKD population provided a better characterization of this symptom, as well as its relationship with the associated complications that commonly occur in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Ambulatório de Rins Policísticos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Samara Rodrigues Moreira
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Eloi
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nishiura
authors.forename: Ita Pfeferman
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Heilberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult