title: Ultrastructural investigation of intact orbital implant surfaces using atomic force microscopy.
abstract: This study examined the surface nanostructures of three orbital implants: nonporous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), porous aluminum oxide and porous polyethylene. The morphological characteristics of the orbital implants surfaces were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM topography, phase shift and deflection images of the intact implant samples were obtained. The surface of the nonporous PMMA implant showed severe scratches and debris. The surface of the aluminum oxide implant showed a porous structure with varying densities and sizes. The PMMA implant showed nodule nanostructures, 215.56 ± 52.34 nm in size, and the aluminum oxide implant showed crystal structures, 730.22 ± 341.02 nm in size. The nonporous PMMA implant showed the lowest roughness compared with other implant biomaterials, followed by the porous aluminum oxide implant. The porous polyethylene implant showed the highest roughness and severe surface irregularities. Overall, the surface roughness of orbital implants might be associated with the rate of complications and cell adhesion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering & Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Samjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Youjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Hui-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joo Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Paek
authors.forename: Jae Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hun-Kuk
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D020273:Orbital Implants; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011095:Polyethylenes; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D000537:Aluminum Oxide