title: Prognostic significance of p53 protein and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  p53 and XRCC1 protein expression were evaluated in 54 samples of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunohistochemical method was used for detection of the monitored proteins. Tissue samples were divided according to histopathological tumor type. The results were then compared with basic clinical and histopathological parameters (histopathological type, nuclear grade and TNM tumor stage IA, IB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant correlations were found between histopathological type and p53 expression, since P < 0.05 (P = 0.015). Comparing p53 expression with grade resulted in a strong positive correlation (P < 0.0396, R2 = 0.9223). The percentage of p53-positive tumors progressively increased from 0% in grade 1 to 75% in grade 4. No correlation was found between p53 expression and tumor stage. In case of XRCC1, the highest level was found in squamous cell lung carcinoma, where 71% of samples was positive. In case of large cell carcinoma samples, it was 67%, and in adenocarcinoma 52% of samples showed XRCC1 immunoreactivity. No statistically significant correlation was found between histopathological type, grade or early stage (IA, IB) of non-small cell lung cancer and expression of XRCC1 protein profile without neoadjuvant therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a statistically significant correlation between p53 expression and histopathological tumor type. It is possible that stabilized p53 protein plays an important role in the development of squamous and large cell carcinoma. Our findings also suggest that p53 expression cumulates with the dedifferentiation of cancer cells. It is possible that the expression of XRCC1 is not fixed and could be changed by the status of cancer cells and in relation to therapy. Relevant data about pre- versus post-chemotherapy and XRCC1 expression are needed to evaluate the influence of XRCC1 on drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy PJ Safárik University Faculty of Medicine, Kosice, Slovakia. silvia.rybarova@upjs.sk
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rybárová
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hodorová
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muri
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mihalik
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamkov
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svajdler
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piovarci
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirossay
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human