title: Optimization of extraction conditions of total phenolics, antioxidant activities, and anthocyanin of oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic extracts and antioxidant activity and anthocyanins of varieties of the investigated plants. These plants include oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate. The optimum extraction conditions including temperature and solvent of the extraction process itself were investigated. Total phenolic and anthocyanin extracts were examined according to Folin-Ciocalteu assay and Rabino and Mancinelli method, respectively. The effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on extracts of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were studied. Plant samples were evaluated for their antioxidant chemical activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl assay, to determine their potential as a source of natural antioxidant. Results showed that all tested plants exhibited appreciable amounts of phenolic compounds. The methanolic extract (60 °C) of sour pomegranate peel contained the highest phenolic extract (4952.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Terebinth green seed had the lowest phenolic extract (599.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Anthocyanins ranged between 3.5 (terebinth red seed) and 0.2 mg/100 g of dry material (thyme). Significant effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on total phenolics and anthocyanin extracts were found. The methanol and 60 °C of extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting phenolic compounds. The distilled water and 60 °C extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting anthocyanin.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan Univ. of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. trababah@just.edu.jo
authors.forename: Taha M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rababah
authors.forename: Fawzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Banat
authors.forename: Anfal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rababah
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ereifej
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007597:Jordan; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D046930:Thymus Plant / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents