title: Residual groin pain at a minimum of two years after metal-on-metal THA with a twenty-eight-millimeter femoral head, THA with a large-diameter femoral head, and hip resurfacing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Groin pain may persist in up to 4.3% of patients after total hip arthroplasty and up to 18% of patients one year after hip resurfacing. The incidence of this problem after total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the natural history of groin pain and its clinical consequences during the first two years after three types of hip arthroplasty. Data were collected prospectively on 279 patients. Eighty-five patients had a polyethylene sandwich metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty with a 28-mm-diameter femoral head, 105 had hip resurfacing, and eighty-nine had a total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head component with three other cup designs (forty-nine in this group had the same monoblock acetabular cup design as those who had hip resurfacing).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the twenty-four-month follow-up evaluation, seventy-seven patients (28%) reported at least one painful area around the hip and thirty-four patients (12.2%) had pain at more than one location. At three months, the incidence of groin discomfort was significantly increased in those who had hip resurfacing (30.5%) and in those who had total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head (30%) compared with those who had total hip arthroplasty with a 28-mm femoral head (18.3%). This incidence decreased at two years (14.9%, 16.9%, and 12.9%, respectively). At twenty-four months postoperatively, eleven (four who had hip resurfacing, six who had total hip arthroplasty with the large-diameter head, and one who had total hip arthroplasty with the 28-mm head) of forty-one patients who had groin pain had not reported groin pain at previous follow-up evaluations. Of the forty-one patients reporting groin pain at the time of the last follow-up, twenty-three patients (56%) did not seek further evaluation or treatment, nine had revision surgery (22%), and the remaining nine patients thought the pain was substantial enough to warrant further evaluation and treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the exact source of groin pain cannot be found after total hip arthroplasty, careful follow-up should be done as local reactions to metal-on-metal implants and component loosening may take time to become apparent clinically or on imaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, 5415, boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada. lavigma2@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Laffosse
authors.forename: Muthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganapathi
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vendittoli
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006119:Groin; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020959:Polyethylene; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D020959:Polyethylene