title: Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A silent intragenic polymorphism (1359 G/A) of the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene resulting in the substitution of the G to A at nucleotide position 1359 in codon 435 (Thr) was reported as a common polymorphism in Caucasian populations. Intervention studies with this polymorphism have not been realized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We decide to investigate the role of missense polymorphism (G1359A) of cannabinoid receptor 1 gene on adipocytokines response and weight loss secondary to a low-fat versus a low-carbohydrate diet in obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population of 249 patients was analyzed. A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 3-month period in which subjects received one of two diets (diet I: low fat vs. diet II: low carbohydrate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty three patients (57.4%) had the genotype G1359G (wild-type group), and 106 (42.6%) patients had G1359A (92 patients, or 36.9%) or A1359A (14 patients, or 5.6%; mutant-type group). With both diets in wild-type and mutant-type groups, body mass index (BMI), weight, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure levels decreased. With both diets and in wild-type group, glucose, total cholesterol and insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment test score decreased. No metabolic effects were observed in mutant-type group. Leptin levels decreased significantly in the wild-type group with both diets (diet I: 10.8% vs. diet II: 28.9%; P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel finding of this study is the lack of metabolic improvement of the mutant-type groups G1359A and A1359A after weight loss with both diets. Decrease in leptin level was higher with low-carbohydrate diet than low-fat diet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Simancas 47130, Valladolid, Spain. dadluis@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Antonio de Luis
authors.forename: Manuel Gonzalez
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sagrado
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aller
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Izaola
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Primo
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000032:analysis*; D000328:Adult; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1