title: Efficacy of Advanced Odomos repellent cream (N, N-diethyl-benzamide) against mosquito vectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repellents are commonly used personal protection measures to avoid mosquito bites. In the present study, Advanced Odomos cream (12% N, N-diethyl-benzamide) was tested for its efficacy against mosquitoes in comparison to DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioassays were conducted to assess the repellency of Advanced Odomos and DEET creams against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Their efficacy was tested on human volunteers applied with different concentrations of test creams ranging from 1 to 12 mg/cm 2 and by exposing them to mosquitoes at hourly intervals. Field evaluation was also carried out to test the duration of protection of the test creams against Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes during whole night and day time collections, respectively on human volunteers. Mosquito collections were done using torch light and aspirator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete (100%) protection was achieved at 10 mg/cm 2 cream formulation of Advanced Odomos (1.2 mg a.i/cm 2 ) dose against An. stephensi and 12 mg/cm 2 (1.44 mg a.i./cm 2 ) against Ae. aegypti on human baits. There was no statistically significant differences in per cent protection against mosquito bites between Advanced Odomos and DEET cream (P>0.05) in respective doses. Complete protection up to 11 h was observed against Anopheles mosquitoes during whole night collections and up to 6 h against Ae. aegypti in day time collections. No adverse reactions such as itching, irritation, vomiting, nausea, etc. were reported by the volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced Odomos cream applied at 10 mg/cm 2 concentration provided 100% protection from Anopheles mosquitoes up to 11 h whereas about 6 h protection was recorded against Ae. aegypti. The laboratory and field trials indicate that for longer protection against Anopheles mosquitoes 10 mg/cm 2 will be appropriate and in case of Ae. aegypti more than 10 mg/cm 2 application is required for complete protection. In conclusion, the Advanced Odomos cream was comparable to the known repellent cream DEET for prolonged protection against malaria and dengue vectors.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India. pk_mittal52@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sreehari
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Razdan
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D009033:Culicidae; D003671:DEET / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007303:Insect Vectors
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D003671:DEET; C016089:rebemide