title: Inter-individual variation in the efficient stimulation site for magnetic brainstem stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate inter-individual variation in the efficiency of magnetic brainstem stimulation (BST) with regard to the stimulation site.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 31 healthy subjects, using a right hand muscle as a recording site. Three stimulation sites were compared: BST over the inion (inion BST), and BST over the midpoint between the inion and the right (ipsilateral BST) or left (contralateral BST) mastoid process. Five suprathreshold BSTs were performed for each stimulation site using the same stimulation intensity. The mean peak-to-peak amplitudes of motor evoked potential (MEP) were compared. The active motor threshold (AMT) and onset latency for inion BST and ipsilateral BST were also measured and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contralateral BST did not evoke discernible MEPs in most subjects. In 21 subjects (67.7%), ipsilateral BST elicited larger MEPs than inion BST did, and AMT for ipsilateral BST was lower than or equal to the AMT for inion BST in all subjects. Ipsilateral BST elicited shorter latency in such subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The suitable stimulation site for BST differed among subjects. About two-thirds showed larger MEP to ipsilateral BST.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings might help us to find an efficient stimulation site for BST in each subject.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. yshirota-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirota
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanajima
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohminami
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furubayashi
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*