title: An improved cochlear implant electrode array for use in experimental studies.
abstract: Experimental studies play an important role in establishing the safety and efficacy of cochlear implants and they continue to provide insight into a new generation of electrode arrays and stimulation strategies. One drawback has been the limited depth of insertion of an electrode array in experimental animals. We compared the insertion depth and trauma associated with the insertion of Cochlear Ltd's Hybrid-L (HL) array with a standard 8 ring array in cat cochleae. Both arrays were inserted into cadaver cochleae and an X-ray recorded their anatomical location. The implanted cochlea was serially sectioned and photographed at 300 μm intervals for evidence of electrode insertion trauma. Subsequently two cats were chronically implanted with HL arrays and electrically-evoked potentials recorded over a three month period. Mean insertion depth for the HL arrays was 334.8° (SD = 21°; n = 4) versus 175.5° (SD = 6°; n = 2) for the standard array. This relates to ∼10.5 mm and 6 mm respectively. A similar insertion depth was measured in a chronically implanted animal with an HL array. Histology from each cadaver cochleae showed that the electrode array was always located in the scala tympani; there was no evidence of electrode insertion trauma to the basilar membrane, the osseous spiral lamina or the spiral ligament. Finally, evoked potential data from the chronically implanted animals exhibited significantly lower thresholds compared with animals implanted with a standard 8 ring array, with electrical thresholds remaining stable over a three-month observation period. Cochlear Ltd's HL electrode array can be safely inserted ∼50% of the length of the cat scala tympani, placing the tip of the array close to the 4 kHz place. This insertion depth is considerably greater than is routinely achieved using a standard 8-ring electrode array (∼12 kHz place). The HL array evokes low thresholds that remain stable over three months of implantation. This electrode array has potential application in a broad area of cochlear implant related research.
authors.affiliation: Bionic Ear Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. rshepherd@bionicear.org
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Kristien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Risi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wise
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002415:Cats; D003051:Cochlea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D008422:Materials Testing; D023421:Models, Animal; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors