title: Comparison of antihypertensive efficacy of carvedilol and nebivolol in mild-to-moderate primary hypertension: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to compare the antihypertensive effects of carvedilol and nebivolol in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a prospective; placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind, randomized, single-center clinical trial. Patients (n=20) who were first diagnosed with mild to moderate systemic hypertension according to mean ambulatory blood pressure measurements > 130/85 mmHg and no previous antihypertensive therapy were prospectively enrolled into the study. After 10 days of placebo run-in period, they were randomized within the same group as cross-over design to one month carvedilol 25 mg and one month nebivolol 5 mg regimen given once daily in the morning. The primary outcome variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressures determined by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Mutlivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements with 3x2 factorial design was used for statistical analysis of results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group consisted of 6 women and 14 men whose mean age was 42.9±12.8 years (range 19-63 years). Mean heart rate was significantly decreased after commencing both carvedilol (70.2±5.2 bpm) and nebivolol (64.9±3.9 bpm) treatments compared to placebo (78.8±5.2 bpm) (p<0.05). Both carvedilol (133.8±9/86.6±8.6 mmHg) and nebivolol (134±8.7/85.6±7.4 mmHg) significantly decreased mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared to placebo (143.9±8.9/94.4±9.2 mmHg), respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in decreasing either systolic or diastolic blood pressure between nebivolol and carvedilol therapies (p>0.05). No side effects were recorded during both carvedilol and nebivolol treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both carvedilol and nebivolol effectively decreased blood pressure compared to placebo, they showed similar efficacy for lowering blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey. okanerdogan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ertem
authors.forename: Armağan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000068577:Nebivolol; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002227:Carbazoles; D004983:Ethanolamines; D011412:Propanolamines; D000068577:Nebivolol; D000077261:Carvedilol