title: [In-situ measurement on volatilization loss of ammonia in the vegetable field and its influencing factors].
abstract: In order to obtain ammonia volatilization flux and volatilization loss rate in the vegetable field and investigate their relationship with environmental factors, an on-line monitoring system was used to measure the ammonia volatilization in the vegetable (Brassica rapa L. and lettuce) field after urea application during January to September, 2009. The system included a wind tunnel system, a gas collector and an online analyzer system with ion chromatography. The time resolution of measurement was 15 min. The recovery of the system was (92.6 +/- 3.4)%; the accumulated ammonia volatilization within 15 d continuous sampling after fertilization was regarded as the total loss. The accumulated ammonia volatilization of 12 d continuous sampling after fertilization accounted for (85.4 +/- 5.2)% of the total volatilization. The ammonia volatilization loss of broadcasting basal dressing and top dressing for Brassica rapa L. were 23.6% and 21.3%, respectively. The ammonia volatilization loss of holing basal dressing and top dressing for lettuce were 17.6% and 24.0%, respectively. The ammonia volatilization in the vegetable field mostly occurred in the first 2-3 weeks after fertilization. The ammonia volatilization flux had significant positive correlation with the nitrogen application rate, while the ammonia volatilization loss rate had negative correlation with the nitrogen application rate. The ammonia volatilization flux was positively correlated with the soil temperature (r = 0.041, p < 0.05) and the air temperature (r = 0.049, p < 0.01), while not significantly associated with the air humidity and the soil moisture. Temperature was found to be a main factor influencing the ammonia volatilization in the vegetable field.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China. gongweiwei@pku.edu.cn
authors.forename: Wei-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yi-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ling-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Sheng-Ji
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Luan
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005308:Fertilizers; D014508:Urea; D014675:Vegetables / Q000254:growth & development*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005308:Fertilizers; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea