title: In vitro toxicity evaluation of 25-nm anatase TiO2 nanoparticles in immortalized keratinocyte cells.
abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles (NPs) are massively fabricated and widely used in daily life, and thus potential risk has been posed to human health. However, the mechanism of the interaction between TiO(2) NPs and cells is still unclear. In this study, the interaction of anatase TiO(2) NPs with HaCaT cells is studied in vitro with multi-techniques. The TiO(2) NPs not only insert into cells through endocytic pathway but also penetrate into the cell. The TiO(2) NPs could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after dispersion spontaneously. Furthermore, the interaction between TiO(2) NPs and cellular components might also generate ROS. The ROS generation could lead to cellular toxicity if the level of ROS production overwhelms the antioxidant defense. Cytoskeletal components, particularly the microfilaments and microtubules, cause modifications upon exposure to TiO(2) NPs. With all results, the toxicological effects of TiO(2) NPs on HaCaT cell can be simplified into six events.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Yang F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Guang
authors.forename: Li X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Zhang Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Ye X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Lin F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yang Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000032:analysis; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D016877:Oxidants; D010316:Particle Size; D012844:Sincalide / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003470:Culture Media; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016877:Oxidants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium; D012844:Sincalide