title: Effects of long-term administration of carprofen on healing of a tibial osteotomy in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effects of long-term administration of carprofen on healing of a tibial osteotomy in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 healthy female Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mid-diaphyseal transverse osteotomy (stabilized with an intramedullary pin) of the right tibia was performed in each dog. The carprofen group (n = 6 dogs) received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 120 days; the control group (6) received no treatment. Bone healing and change in callus area were assessed radiographically over time. Dogs were euthanized 120 days after surgery, and tibiae were evaluated biomechanically and histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The osteotomy line was not evident in the control group on radiographs obtained 120 days after surgery. In contrast, the osteotomy line was still evident in the carprofen group. Callus area was significantly less in the carprofen group, compared with the area in the control group, at 20, 30, and 60 days after surgery. At 120 days after surgery, stiffness, elastic modulus, and flexural rigidity in the carprofen group were significantly lower than corresponding values in the control group. Furthermore, histologic evaluation revealed that the cartilage area within the callus in the carprofen group was significantly greater than that in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term administration of carprofen appeared to inhibit bone healing in dogs that underwent tibial osteotomy. We recommend caution for carprofen administration when treating fractures that have delays in healing associated with a reduction in osteogenesis as well as fractures associated with diseases that predispose animals to delays of osseous repair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan. h_ochi101@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asou
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nezu
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yogo
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinomiya
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagawa
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000662:veterinary*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; C007005:carprofen