title: Carotid intima-media thickness in maintenance hemodialysis patients: role of cardiovascular risk factor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been introduced as a cardiovascular disease predictor which may increase in hamodialysis patients. As there are many risk factors in the uremic state that theoretically lead to increase in CIMT, this study was aimed to determine risk factors of CIMT increase in a group of hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 61.3 ± 15.0 years and 49 individuals with no history of chronic disease (control group) underwent ultrasonography for measurement of CIMT. Correlation of demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors with CIMT was studied. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured by one radiologist in the bilateral common carotid artery, and the mean value of the two sides was reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration on dialysis was 82.4 ± 78.0 months. The mean CIMT was 0.96 ± 0.25 mm (range, 0.4 to 1.7 mm) in hemodialysis patients and 0.76 ± 0.06 mm (range, 0.58 to 0.91 mm) in the control group (P < .001). The mean CIMT was significantly higher in men compared to women on dialysis and in diabetic compared to nondiabetics patients. There was a positive correlation between CIMT and age (r = 0.266, P = .02) and serum cholesterol (r = 0.375, P = .002). No correlation was found between CIMT and other studied variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid intima-media thickness was greater in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group. It was mainly affected by traditional cardiovascular risk factors and uremic risk factors did not specifically affect CIMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ossareh
authors.forename: Anoosha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alaei
authors.forename: Daryoush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saedi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010758:Phosphorus