title: Cadmium bioavailability from vegetable and animal-based foods assessed with in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure results in kidney dysfunction and decrease in bone mineral density.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the bioavailability of Cd from vegetable and animal-based foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caco-2 cells were exposed to Cd in boiled pig kidney, ark shell, kale, raw kale, mixed boiled pig kidney with raw kale and CdCl2 after in vitro digestion. Then cellular Cd uptake from the digests and reference CdCl2 solution was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cd bioavailability from animal-based foods was higher than that from vegetable-based foods. In addition, raw kale exhibited an inhibitory effect on Cd bioavailability when mixed with boiled pig kidney. However Cd in kale was increasingly absorbed after boiling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cd binding to different molecular species, other food components in vegetable and animal-based foods, food combination, as well as cooking processes influenced the uptake of dietary Cd. A relative bioavailability factor accounted for the food matrix might be necessary for exposure assessment and consequently for estimation and prevention of the risk of dietary Cd.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rodjana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chunhabundit
authors.forename: Songsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srianujata
authors.forename: Ahnond
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bunyaratvej
authors.forename: Ratchanee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kongkachuichai
authors.forename: Jutamadd
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satayavivad
authors.forename: Sming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaojarern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003296:Cooking; D004032:Diet; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium