title: Measuring interconnection of the residual cortical functional islands in persistent vegetative state and minimal conscious state with EEG nonlinear analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to investigate the cortical response to painful and auditory stimuli for subjects in persistent vegetative state (PVS) and minimal conscious state (MCS), and measure the interconnection of the residual cortical functional islands with electroencephalographic (EEG) nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty PVS subjects, 20 MCS subjects and 30 subjects in normal conscious state (NCS) were involved in the study. EEG was recorded under three conditions: eyes closed, auditory stimuli and painful stimuli. EEG nonlinear index of cross-approximate entropy (C-ApEn) was calculated for all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interconnection of local and distant cortical networks of patients in PVS was generally suppressed, and painful or auditory stimulation could hardly cause any activation of associative cortices. Instead, interconnection of local cortical networks of patients in MCS improved significantly. The only significant difference with the NCS existed in the unaffected distant cortical networks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interconnection of local and distant cortical networks in MCS is superior to that of PVS. NDA could measure interconnection of the residual cortical functional islands with associative cortices in the unconscious patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NDA can characterise the interconnection of cortical networks for the unconscious state and provide some information of unconsciousness at the awareness level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun St., Xuanwu District, P.O. Box 100053, Beijing, China. wudongyu73@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Dong-yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zorowitz
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-qun
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*