title: Universal soliton pattern formations in passively mode-locked fiber lasers.
abstract: We investigate multiple-soliton pattern formations in a figure-of-eight passively mode-locked fiber laser. Operation in the anomalous dispersion regime with a double-clad fiber amplifier allows generation of up to several hundreds of solitons per round trip. We report the observation of remarkable soliton distributions: soliton gas, soliton liquid, soliton polycrystal, and soliton crystal, thus indicating the universality of such complexes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Photonique d'Angers EA 4644, Université d'Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49000 Angers, France.
authors.forename: Foued
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amrani
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salhi
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grelu
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leblond
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchez