title: Abnormal high-density lipoproteins in overweight adolescents with atherogenic dyslipidemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate high-density lipoprotein functionality and the cardiovascular risk factor profile in the overweight pediatric population. We hypothesized that overweight adolescents with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and elevated triglyceride plasma levels have metabolic abnormalities and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein particles, similar to those reported in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight adolescents with (group 1 [n = 21]) and without (group 2 [n = 36]) atherogenic dyslipidemia (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: ≤ 40 mg/dL and triglycerides: ≥ 150 mg/dL) and normal-weight normolipidemic subjects, as a reference (group 3 [n = 36]), were included. The cardiovascular risk factor profile (lipids, lipoproteins, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and insulin), high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution, composition, and cholesterol efflux capacity were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 adolescents showed abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution and high-density lipoprotein chemical composition, as well as a significantly lower capacity to promote cholesterol efflux (14.8 ± 2.8, 16.5 ± 3.8, 20.4 ± 3.5, for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). High-density lipoprotein(2a) (R(2) = 0.212, β = 0.472, P < .0001) and the Tanner score (R(2) = 0.054, β = -0.253, P = .02) were the independent predictors of cholesterol efflux. Group 1 also showed a higher degree of cardiovascular abnormalities (an adverse lipoprotein profile, greater insulin resistance and systemic inflammation; and lower low-density lipoprotein size) than group 2, even after BMI and Tanner score adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that atherogenic dyslipidemia identifies overweight adolescents with quantitative, qualitative, and functional high-density lipoprotein abnormalities. Atherogenic dyslipidemia seems to be a marker of an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease and indicates that those adolescents should be a target of aggressive prevention programs and lipid management guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina-Urrutia
authors.forename: Juan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Juarez-Rojas
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardoso-Saldaña
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jorge-Galarza
authors.forename: Rosalinda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Posadas-Sánchez
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Alvarado
authors.forename: Nacú
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caracas-Portilla
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendoza Pérez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Posadas-Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL