title: Ectopic study of tissue-engineered bone complex with enamel matrix proteins, bone marrow stromal cells in porous calcium phosphate cement scaffolds, in nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the potential of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) on promoting osteogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow stromal cells (pBMSCs), as well as new bone formation capabilities, in a tissue-engineered bone complex scaffold of EMPs, pBMSCs and porous calcium phosphate cement (CPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of EMPs on pBMSCs in vitro was first determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, von Kossa staining assay and mRNA expression of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) genes. Next, an ectopic new bone formation test was performed in a nude mouse model with four groups: CPC scaffold alone; CPC scaffold + EMPs; CPC scaffold + pBMSCs; and CPC scaffold + EMPs + pBMSCs, for 2 or 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALP activity, von Kossa assay and mRNA expressions of ALP, BSP and OCN genes were all significantly higher with 150 μg/ml EMP treatment in vitro. In nude mice, new bone formation was detected only in the CPC scaffold + EMPs + pBMSCs group at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, in the tissue-engineered construct there was significantly higher bone formation ability than other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMPs promoted osteogenic differentiation of pBMSCs, and the tissue-engineered complex of EMPs, pBMSCs and CPC scaffold may be a valuable alternative to be used in periodontal bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010012:Osteogenesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D058574:Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; D015675:Osteocalcin; C020243:calcium phosphate; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase