title: Amine functional monodisperse microbeads via precipitation polymerization of N-vinyl formamide: immobilized laccase for benzidine based dyes degradation.
abstract: Densely cross-linked poly(vinylamine) microbeads (∼ 2 μm) were prepared by precipitation copolymerization of N-vinyl formamide and ethylene glycoldimethacrylate in acetonitrile. The formamido groups of the microbeads were hydrolyzed into amino groups. Then, amino-functionalized microbeads were used for covalent immobilization of laccase via glutaraldehyde coupling. The average amount of immobilized enzyme was 18.7 mg/g microbeads. Kinetic parameters, V(max) and K(m) values were determined as 20.7 U/mg protein and 2.76 × 10(-2)mmol/L for free enzyme and 15.8 U/mg protein and 4.65 mmol/L for the immobilized laccase, respectively. The immobilized laccase was operated in a batch reactor for the degradation of two different benzidine based dyes (i.e., Direct Blue 1 and Direct Red 128). The laccase immobilized on the microbeads was very effective for removal of these dyes which interfere with the hormonal system.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bunyamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karagoz
authors.forename: Gulay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bayramoglu
authors.forename: Begum
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Altintas
authors.forename: Niyazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bicak
authors.forename: M Yakup
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Arica
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D001560:Benzidines / Q000737:chemistry; D055162:Biocatalysis / Q000187:drug effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D011232:Chemical Precipitation / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004795:Enzyme Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D058105:Polymerization / Q000187:drug effects; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D055454:Trametes / Q000201:enzymology; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000588:Amines; D001560:Benzidines; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D007477:Ions; D008689:Methacrylates; D011145:Polyvinyls; C512586:poly(N-vinylformamide); C009000:pontamine sky blue; C029876:benzidine; D003300:Copper; C004919:ethylene dimethacrylate; D042845:Laccase; D014343:Trypan Blue