title: Modeling electroencephalography waveforms with semi-supervised deep belief nets: fast classification and anomaly measurement.
abstract: Clinical electroencephalography (EEG) records vast amounts of human complex data yet is still reviewed primarily by human readers. Deep belief nets (DBNs) are a relatively new type of multi-layer neural network commonly tested on two-dimensional image data but are rarely applied to times-series data such as EEG. We apply DBNs in a semi-supervised paradigm to model EEG waveforms for classification and anomaly detection. DBN performance was comparable to standard classifiers on our EEG dataset, and classification time was found to be 1.7-103.7 times faster than the other high-performing classifiers. We demonstrate how the unsupervised step of DBN learning produces an autoencoder that can naturally be used in anomaly measurement. We compare the use of raw, unprocessed data--a rarity in automated physiological waveform analysis--with hand-chosen features and find that raw data produce comparable classification and better anomaly measurement performance. These results indicate that DBNs and raw data inputs may be more effective for online automated EEG waveform recognition than other common techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. wulsin@seas.upenn.edu
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wulsin
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Litt
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity