title: Pulmonary pathology of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus (2009)-infected ferrets upon longitudinal evaluation by computed tomography.
abstract: We investigated the development of pulmonary lesions in ferrets by means of computed tomography (CT) following infection with the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus and compared the scans with gross pathology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Ground-glass opacities observed by CT scanning in all infected lungs corresponded to areas of alveolar oedema at necropsy. These areas were most pronounced on day 3 and gradually decreased from days 4 to 7 post-infection. This pilot study shows that the non-invasive imaging procedure allows quantification and characterization of influenza-induced pulmonary lesions in living animals under biosafety level 3 conditions and can thus be used in pre-clinical pharmaceutical efficacy studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|ViroClinics BioSciences B.V., 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edwin J B
authors.initials: EJB
authors.lastname: Veldhuis Kroeze
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Vaccine Institute, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands.|Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dijkshoorn
authors.affiliation: ViroClinics BioSciences B.V., 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: ViroClinics BioSciences B.V., 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Waal
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ieneke J C
authors.initials: IJC
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gabriel P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Krestin
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|ViroClinics BioSciences B.V., 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: ADME
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.affiliation: ViroClinics BioSciences B.V., 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Koert J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stittelaar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics; D010336:Pathology / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*