title: Using the Health Action Process Approach and implementation intentions to increase flu vaccine uptake in high risk Thai individuals: a controlled before-after trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Influenza vaccination rates remain suboptimal in many countries, including Thailand. This study compared the effect of a theory-based educational leaflet, based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), and action planning intervention with a standard government information leaflet designed to increase influenza vaccination uptake among high-risk Thai adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled before and after trial was conducted. Participants in the intervention (n = 99) received a leaflet based on the HAPA and asking them to form an action plan identifying where, when, and how they would seek vaccination. Those in the comparison condition (n = 102) received a standard government information leaflet.
  
  
  METHODS
  There are 2 sets of outcome measures: (a) process measures of HAPA related variables taken at T1 and T2, and (b) vaccination rates during the subsequent 2 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HAPA intervention resulted in greater changes on measures of risk perception, outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, and intention than the comparison condition. Stronger intentions to obtain vaccination were explained by changes in outcome expectancies, perceived self-efficacy for arranging time and transportation, and planning. No significant difference in vaccination rates was observed between two groups. Influenza vaccination was directly predicted by self-efficacy and intention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results demonstrate that a HAPA-based leaflet may be a useful tool to enhance individual's vaccination intention, but larger trials are required to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Cardiff School of Nursing and Midwifery Studies, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. PayapromY1@Cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Yupares
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Payaprom
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alabaster
authors.forename: Hutsaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tantipong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D058015:Health Communication; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013785:Thailand; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines