title: Quantification of collagen organization using fractal dimensions and Fourier transforms.
abstract: Collagen fibers and fibrils that comprise tendons and ligaments are disrupted or damaged during injury. Fibrillogenesis during healing produces a matrix that is initially quite disorganized, but remodels over time to resemble, but not replicate, the original roughly parallel microstructure. Quantification of these changes is traditionally a laborious and subjective task. In this work we applied two automated techniques, fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and fractal dimension analysis (FA) to quantify the organization of collagen fibers or fibrils. Using multi-photon images of collagen fibers obtained from rat ligament we showed that for healing ligaments, FA differentiates more clearly between the different time-points during healing. Using scanning electron microscopy images of overstretched porcine flexor tendon, we showed that combining FFT and FA measures distinguishes the damaged and undamaged groups more clearly than either method separately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53705, USA. cefrisch@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Kayt E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Frisch
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Duenwald-Kuehl
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Connie S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Roderic S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lakes
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanderby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D017709:Fractals; D008297:Male; D017888:Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen