title: Deciphering the DNA repair protein, Rad23 from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus: full-length cDNA cloning and characterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lesions of DNA are removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER) process in the living systems. NER process-related host factors are believed to aid recovery steps during viral integration. Here, we report identification and characterization of a DNA repair molecule Rad23 from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The full-length cDNA of M. japonicus Rad23 gene (MjRad23) has 1149 bp coding for a putative protein of 382 amino acids with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 92 bp and 3' UTR region of 1116 bp. Quantitative expression analysis revealed MjRad23 is constitutively expressed in all the organs of healthy shrimp, whereas with high level in muscle tissue. Although MjRad23 expression is observed in every haemolymph samplings to post-white spot syndrome virus infection, high expression is recorded at 2 h post infection (h.p.i.). MjRad23 consists of putative functional domains including one ubiquitin domain (UBQ), two ubiquitin-associated domains (UBA) and one heat-shock chaperonin-binding motif (STI1). Multiple alignment of MjRad23 with Rad23 of other species showed highly significant identity ranging from 37 to 53%; however, high homology is observed with Rad23 of Bombyx mori (BmRad23). UBQ domain region alignment revealed maximum of 66% homology with Rad23 of Apis melifera (AmRad23). MjRad23 clustered with invertebrate sector along with insect species in evolution analysis. Three-dimensional structural analyses demonstrated the highest identity between MjRad23 and human Rad23A (hHR23A).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work revealed the presence of MjRad23 gene, which is essential in DNA repair process. Further studies are required to clarify the involvement of MjRad23 in NER process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on identification and characterization of DNA repair protein in crustaceans, which will lead to further investigation to explore the molecular mechanisms behind the NER process.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sudhakaran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mekata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itami
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes