title: The demographics and costs of inpatient vesicoureteral reflux management in the USA.
abstract: This study evaluates the impact of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) on the economy and inpatient healthcare utilization in the USA. A retrospective analysis was performed on children ≤ 18 years of age, hospitalized with the principal discharge diagnosis of VUR between 2000 and 2006, using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database. The results are stratified as follows. First, by hospitalizations: between 2000 and 2006, 6,655  ±  720 (standard error) children/year were hospitalized with VUR. Since 2003, both the length of each hospitalization and the number of hospitalizations have decreased. Second, by related procedures/diagnoses: ureteral reimplantation was the most common procedure, accounting for 89% of hospitalizations. Congenital genitourinary anomalies, disorders of the kidney/ureter/bladder, and urinary tract infections (UTI) were the most common related diagnoses. Thirdly, by hospital economics: since 2000, hospital charges for VUR increased despite decreased lengths of hospitalization. By 2006, hospital charges rose to $18,798/hospitalization, and aggregate national charges exceeded $100 million. Our results indicate that fewer children with VUR are requiring inpatient management. Children with VUR are often hospitalized for ureteral reimplantation or the management of related diagnoses. Since 2000, hospital charges for inpatient VUR management have increased. More efforts are needed to evaluate cost-effective strategies for the evaluation and management of VUR.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nephrology Fellowship Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: John David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwaderer
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanderbrink
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becknell
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hains
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*