title: Acquired undescended testes in boys with hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the incidence of acquired undescended testes in boys with hypospadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records of 566 boys with hypospadias who were referred to our outpatient clinic between January 2000 and September 2009. Acquired undescended testes were defined as testes that were documented at the bottom of the scrotum at least once after birth by the pediatric urologist at our institution but were subsequently documented to have moved from a satisfactory scrotal position by the same pediatric urologist or an equally experienced pediatric urologist. However, this definition did not include undescended testes after inguinoscrotal surgery. We excluded boys with gender development disorders with testicular dysgenesis, those who underwent bilateral inguinoscrotal surgery and those without congenital cryptorchidism who were followed less than 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 566 boys with hypospadias 100 met study exclusion criteria. Of the 466 boys included in analysis 29 (6.2%) had congenital cryptorchidism and 15 (3.2%) had acquired undescended testes. Urethroplasty was performed in 413 boys, including 91 with distal, 132 with mid and 181 with proximal hypospadias. The incidence of congenital cryptorchidism and acquired undescended testes in boys with proximal hypospadias was significantly higher than that in boys with other types of hypospadias (p = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Boys with proximal hypospadias are at a higher risk for acquired undescended testes than those with other mild types of hypospadias. Thus, testicular location should be monitored regularly until after puberty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itesako
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nara
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000150:complications*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies