title: Angiogenesis in urinary bladder carcinoma as defined by microvessel density (MVD) after immunohistochemical staining for Factor VIII and CD31.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the patients with bladder cancer, a group is still at risk of disease recurrence, progression, and death from their cancer after curative treatment. Angiogenesis is a crucial pathogenic mechanism for this type of urothelial carcinoma and is a potential therapeutic target.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify tumor angiogenesis in bladder cancer and determine whether it correlates with tumor stage and grade.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 42 archival samples from carcinomas of the urinary bladder were graded, staged, and analyzed for microvessel density (MVD) by a double immunohistochemical technique using Factor VIII (FVIII) and CD31 antibodies. The correlation between MVD and histopathological grade and tumor stage was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FVIII and CD31 immunoreactivity was observed in 100% of cases and more intensely with CD31. Significantly higher MVD was determined in invasive tumors than in superficial tumors (p<0.05). MVD increased with tumor grade and stage (p<0.05); MVD was not affected by age or sex of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that MVD in bladder carcinoma correlates with the tumor grade and stage. Quantification of tumor angiogenesis may allow selection of the type of treatment for bladder cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El Gehani
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Kikhia
authors.forename: Naziha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mansuri
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
authors.forename: Omran
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Fituri
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elzagheid