title: Powerful behavioral interactions between methamphetamine and morphine.
abstract: Use of drugs of abuse in combination is common among recreational users and addicts. The combination of a psychomotor stimulant with an opiate, known as a 'speedball,' reportedly produces greater effects than either drug alone and has been responsible for numerous deaths. Historically, the most popular speedball combination is that of cocaine and heroin. However, with the growing popularity of methamphetamine in recent years, there has been increased use of this drug in combination with other drugs of abuse, including opiates. Despite this, relatively little research has examined interactions between methamphetamine and opiates. In the current research, behavioral interactions between methamphetamine and the prototypical opiate, morphine, were examined across a variety of dose combinations in Sprague-Dawley rats. The combination of methamphetamine and morphine produced stimulation of behavior that was dramatically higher than either drug alone; however, the magnitude of the interaction was dependent on the dose of the drugs and the specific behaviors examined. The results demonstrate complex behavioral interactions between these drugs, but are consistent with the idea that this combination is used because it produces a greater effect than either drug alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Office for Biomedical Research & Training, California, State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA. keith@csusm.edu
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: Monique L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Guaderrama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D009020:Morphine