title: Validation of the post sleep questionnaire for assessing subjects with restless legs syndrome: results from two double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the subjective nature of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) symptoms and the impact of these symptoms on sleep, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play a prominent role as study endpoints in clinical trials investigating RLS treatments. The objective of this study was to validate a new measure, the Post Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), to assess sleep dysfunction in subjects with moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pooled data were analyzed from two 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of gabapentin enacarbil (N = 540). At baseline and Week 12, subjects completed the PSQ and other validated health surveys: IRLS Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Medical Outcomes Study Scale-Sleep (MOS-Sleep), and RLS-Quality of Life (RLSQoL). Pooled data were used post hoc to examine the convergent, divergent, known-group validity and the responsiveness of the PSQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between baseline PSQ items and total scores of IRLS, POMS, RLSQoL, and the MOS-Sleep Scale (p ≤ 0.007 each). Divergent validity was demonstrated through the lack of significant correlations between PSQ items and demographic characteristics. Correlations (p < 0.0001) between RLS severity groups and PSQ items demonstrated known-group validity. Mean changes in investigator- and subject-rated CGI-I scores for each PSQ item (p < 0.0001) demonstrated the PSQ's responsiveness to patient change as reported by their care provider.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these analyses were potentially limited by the use of clinical trial data and not prospective data from a study conducted solely for validation purposes, the PSQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties and is a valid instrument for assessing sleep and sleep improvements in subjects with moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study analyzed data from two registered trials, NCT00298623 and NCT00365352.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Canafax
authors.forename: Abhijeet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhanegaonkar
authors.forename: Murtuza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bharmal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calloway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002219:Carbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C493250:1-(((alpha-isobutanoyloxyethoxy)carbonyl)aminomethyl)-1-cyclohexaneacetic acid; D002219:Carbamates; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid