title: [Development of new therapies for multiple sclerosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current first line treatment for multiple sclerosis is only moderately effective and is associated with frequent and disturbing side effects. We here describe opportunities and challenges related to drugs under development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-systematic search in PubMed and congress abstracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monoclonal antibodies (e.g. natalizumab, alemtuzumab, rituximnab and dacklizumab) and oral agents (e.g. fingolimod and cladribine) target molecules or cells which are important in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. These agents seem to have a considerable effect on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, but may also be associated with serious side effects. Natalizumab is licensed as second line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and also as first line treatment in especially serious cases. Cladribine and fingolimod may be available in Norway in 2011.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of exacerbations in multiple sclerosis is changing. Indication for the drugs under development is not yet clear.
authors.affiliation: Nevrologisk avdeling, Oslo universitetssykehus, Ullevål ogImmunologisk institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, Norway. trygve.holmoy@rr-research.no
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmøy
authors.forename: Elisabeth Gulowsen
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Celius
mesh_terms: D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069442:Natalizumab; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069442:Natalizumab; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000069283:Rituximab