title: Prior exposure to immunosuppressive organophosphorus or organochlorine compounds aggravates the T(H)1- and T(H)2-type allergy caused by topical sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and trimellitic anhydride.
abstract: Immunosuppressive environmental chemicals may increase the potency of allergens and thereby play a role in the development of allergic diseases. This study's primary objective was to examine the mechanisms behind the relationship between allergic diseases and the immunosuppression induced by some environmental chemicals. We focused on the modulation of allergic potential in vitro and in mice by the organophosphorus pesticide O,O-diethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl-thiophosphate (parathion) and the organochlorine pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxy-phenyl)ethane (methoxychlor), with respect to the T(H)1-type allergen 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and the T(H)2-type allergen trimellitic anhydride (TMA). Mice (4-week-old) were orally administered parathion or methoxychlor. Four weeks after the final dosing, the mice were sensitized to DNCB or TMA, and T-lymphocyte proliferation measured in their (using a local lymph node assay [LLNA]). In addition, we analyzed T-lymphocytes via surface antigen expression and local cytokine production in auricular lymph nodes after treatment with 0.1% DNCB or 0.3% TMA. The estimated concentration of DNCB and TMA to yield a stimulation index (SI) of cell proliferation of three decreased markedly in parathion- and methoxychlor-pre-treated mice. Pesticide pre-treatment induced marked increases in the number of helper and cytotoxic T-cells, levels of T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines, and gene expression in lymph node cells. According to our results, T(H)1- and T(H)2-type allergies are aggravated by prior exposure to immunosuppressive environmental chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Ibaraki, Japan. fukuyama@iet.or.jp
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008731:Methoxychlor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010278:Parathion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D007306:Insecticides; D007509:Irritants; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides; D010278:Parathion; C015559:trimellitic anhydride; D008731:Methoxychlor