title: The long-duration response to levodopa: phenomenology, potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
abstract: The antiparkinsonian response to levodopa is characterized by an immediate motor improvement lasting hours and a more sustained response lasting days. These two responses have been referred to as the short-duration response (SDR) and the long-duration response (LDR). The LDR represents a substantial component of the clinical effect of levodopa and has been clinically recognized for several decades, but it remains poorly understood. This review will focus on the LDR phenomenology and theories about its origin, with the goal of promoting inquiry into this important but as yet poorly understood aspect of levodopa therapy for PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Parkinson Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Portland VA, OR 97239, USA. andereli@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nutt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa