title: [COPD and inflammation: Statement from a French expert group. How to treat inflammation?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has made considerable progress over the last 15 years, with the development of pulmonary rehabilitation, new molecules to facilitate smoking cessation, and several medical treatments. Many therapeutic needs, however, remain to be met.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several lines of research on inflammation and COPD are promising, and some will probably result in new treatments. These may target specific populations, identified by clinical phenotype or by biomarkers. The forthcoming arrival of iPDE-4s on the market illustrates how knowledge of inflammation and remodeling and of some of the underlying mechanisms finally, after many years' development, has broadened the range of treatments available to help improve patients' daily life and outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The availability of such treatments, however, does not mean that knowledge of the disease in the general population and among healthcare workers can be neglected. Early detection (at a stage when treatment can already be effective) and patient education which promotes therapeutic compliance and lasting lifestyle change need to be developed further.
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie et réanimation, Hôtel-Dieu, université Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, 1, place du Parvis-de-Notre-Dame, 75181 Paris cedex 04, France. nicolas.roche@htd.aphp.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devillier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aguilaniu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Escamilla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wallaert
authors.forename: P-R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Burgel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Brillet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chambellan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaouat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marthan
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Similowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubier
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators