title: Role of adhesion molecules and inflammation in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infected mouse brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroinvasion of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and subsequent initiation of inflammation in the brain plays a crucial role in the outcome of VEEV infection in mice. Adhesion molecules expressed on microvascular endothelial cells in the brain have been implicated in the modulation of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and inflammation in brain but their role in VEEV pathogenesis is not very well understood. In this study, we evaluated the expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules genes in the brain of VEEV infected mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several cell to cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix protein genes such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CD44, Cadherins, integrins, MMPs and Timp1 were differentially regulated post-VEEV infection. ICAM-1 knock-out (IKO) mice infected with VEEV had markedly reduced inflammation in the brain and demonstrated a delay in the onset of clinical symptoms of disease. A differential regulation of inflammatory genes was observed in the IKO mice brain compared to their WT counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results improve our present understanding of VEEV induced inflammation in mouse brain.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhomia
authors.forename: Shelley P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Honnold
authors.forename: Radha K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008853:Microscopy; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules