title: A cell-based screen identifies ATR inhibitors with synthetic lethal properties for cancer-associated mutations.
abstract: Oncogene activation has been shown to generate replication-born DNA damage, also known as replicative stress. The primary responder to replicative stress is not Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) but rather the kinase ATM and Rad3-related (ATR). One limitation for the study of ATR is the lack of potent inhibitors. We here describe a cell-based screening strategy that has allowed us to identify compounds with ATR inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range. Pharmacological inhibition of ATR generates replicative stress, leading to chromosomal breakage in the presence of conditions that stall replication forks. Moreover, ATR inhibition is particularly toxic for p53-deficient cells, this toxicity being exacerbated by replicative stress-generating conditions such as the overexpression of cyclin E. Notably, one of the compounds we identified is NVP-BEZ235, a dual phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) and mTOR inhibitor that is being tested for cancer chemotherapy but that we now show is also very potent against ATM, ATR and the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs).
authors.affiliation: Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murga
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zur
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Julen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oyarzabal
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Capetillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D010078:Oxazines / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C000598436:ETP-46464; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D010078:Oxazines; D011804:Quinolines; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C531198:dactolisib