title: Mitochondrial DNA transcription regulation and nucleoid organization.
abstract: Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process depending on both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription regulation to tightly coordinate mitochondrial levels and the cell's energy demand. The energy requirements for a cell to support its metabolic function can change in response to varying physiological conditions, such as, proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, mitochondrial transcription regulation is constantly being modulated in order to establish efficient mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and proper cellular function. The aim of this article is to review the function of major protein factors that are directly involved in the process of mtDNA transcription regulation, as well as, the importance of mitochondrial nucleoid structure and its influence on mtDNA segregation and transcription regulation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the molecular mode of action of transcription factors comprising the mitochondrial transcriptional machinery, as well as the action of nuclear receptors on regulatory regions of the mtDNA.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Adriana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.forename: Lloye M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: Carlos T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C499632:TFB1M protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008780:Methyltransferases; C462443:TFB2M protein, human