title: Examining platelet-fibrin interactions during traumatic shock in a swine model using platelet contractile force and clot elastic modulus.
abstract: A significant proportion of severely injured patients develop early coagulopathy, characterized by abnormal clot formation, which impairs resuscitation and increases mortality. We have previously demonstrated an isolated decrease in clot strength by thrombelastography in a swine model of nonresuscitated traumatic shock. In order to more closely examine platelet-fibrin interactions in this setting, we define the observed decrease in clot strength in terms of platelet-induced clot contraction and clot elastic modulus using the Hemostasis Analysis System (HAS) (Hemodyne Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA). Whole blood was sampled for HAS measurements, metabolic measurements, cell counts, and fibrinogen concentration at baseline prior to injury and again at a predetermined level of traumatic shock defined by oxygen debt. Male swine (N=17) received femur fracture and controlled arterial hemorrhage to achieve an oxygen debt of 80 ml/kg. Platelet counts were unchanged, but fibrinogen concentration was reduced significantly during shock (167.6 vs. 66.7 mg/dl, P=0.0007). Platelet contractile force generated during clot formation did not change during shock (11.7 vs. 10.4 kdynes, P=0.41), but clot elastic modulus was dynamically altered, resulting in a lower final value (22.9 vs. 17.3 kdynes/cm, P<0.0001). In this model of traumatic shock, platelet function was preserved, whereas terminal clot elastic modulus was reduced during shock in a manner most consistent with early changes in the mechanical properties of the developing fibrin fiber network.
authors.affiliation: Reanimation Engineering Science Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. whiten4@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D003018:Clot Retraction; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010976:Platelet Count; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000097:blood*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen