title: Effects of allopurinol and preconditioning on apoptosis due to ischemia-reperfusion on a double jejunum-segment canine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the duration of apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the intestine in a new double jejunum-segment model, and to analyze the protective effects of allopurinol or ischemic preconditioning (IPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In Experiment I for harvesting the double jejunum-segment model after laparotomy a 30-cm-long jejunum part was selected on mongrel dogs (n=24). End-to-end anastomoses were performed at both ends and in the middle of the jejunum part, creating two equal segments. In one segment ischemia was induced by occluding the supplying vessels, the other segment served as control. Tissue samples for detecting apoptosis were taken at 30th minutes, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th and 24th hours of reperfusion. In Experiment II using the same model the 4-hour reperfusion time period, allopurinol (50 mg/kg) pre-treated and IPC (3 cycles of 5x1) groups (n=5 per each) were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Experiment I the greatest apoptotic activity was detected at the 4th and 6th hour of reperfusion (14.2 ± 1.31 and 16.3 ± 1.05 per visual field at 40x magnification). In Experiment II Using the 4-hour reperfusion time period allopurinol pre-treatment increased the apoptotic activity (10.72 ± 0.47 per 50 intestinal villi) approximately two-fold than the IPC (6.72 ± 0.46 per 50 intestinal villi) did (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptotic activity has a characteristic time curve, reaching the highest values between the 4th and 6th hours after 30-minute intestinal ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning seemed to be protective against the morphological changes caused by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary. e.brath@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brath
authors.forename: Iren
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miko
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peto
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Furka
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000493:Allopurinol