title: Surgical treatment of acute and chronic anterior and posterior cruciate ligament and lateral side injuries of the knee.
abstract: Combined anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and lateral-sided injuries of the knee most often occurs secondary to a forced varus moment or after knee dislocation. Management controversies include the optimal timing of surgery, operative techniques, and postoperative rehabilitation. Recent systematic literature reviews have demonstrated higher rates of failure with repair of the lateral and posterolateral corner structures, as opposed to reconstruction. However, the ideal ligament reconstruction techniques remain unclear. This chapter will review the combined anterior cruciate ligament/posterior cruciate ligament/lateral-sided injury pattern, including the physical examination findings, imaging, timing of surgery, graft selection, operative techniques, and postoperative rehabilitation protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Levy.Bruce@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stuart
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D031221:Knee Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016896:Treatment Outcome