title: Development of semiochemical attractants for monitoring bean seed beetle, Bruchus rufimanus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bruchus rufimanus is a serious pest of field beans. The objective here was to develop a semiochemical-baited trapping system to facilitate monitoring of the pest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volatile compounds that were electrophysiologically active with the antennae of B. rufimanus females were identified from headspace samples of Vicia faba flowers and from male B. rufimanus. Selected headspace samples and synthetic compounds were tested in olfactometer bioassays. The semiochemicals were then formulated in lures for traps and evaluated in a field trapping experiment. Cone traps baited with a three-component blend of floral volatiles, releasing (R)-linalool (17.7 mg day(-1)), cinnamyl alcohol (0.4 mg day(-1)) and cinnamaldehyde (0.77 mg day(-1)), caught significantly more of both sexes of B. rufimanus than unbaited control traps. A male volatile, 1-undecene, was EAG active with female antennae. It was attractive to females in an olfactometer, indicating that it is a sex pheromone. However, in the field it only enhanced trap catches if it was released together with the floral volatiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The blends of semiochemicals identified were shown to be attractive in cone traps under field conditions. The prototype trapping system developed could be used as a monitoring tool to determine infestation levels of B. rufimanus in bean fields.
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK. toby.bruce@bbsrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Toby J A
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Lesley E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pickett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000187:drug effects; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D007300:Insect Control; D008297:Male; D010675:Pheromones / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000469:parasitology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C010411:insect attractants