title: Snoring is not associated with adverse effects on blood pressure, arterial structure or function in 8-year-old children: the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between childhood snoring and cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses of a population-based birth cohort, who had been participants in a randomised controlled trial of interventions to prevent asthma and who were assessed at age 8 years. The presence and frequency of snoring were assessed by parent-completed questionnaire. We measured a wide range of cardiovascular function markers including non-fasting serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, carotid artery intima media thickness (by ultrasound), brachial pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (by applanation tonometry).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 409 children whose snoring status was assessed at age 8 years, 321 had lipid and 386 had arterial structure and function measurements. Snoring was not independently associated with blood pressure, carotid artery intima media thickness or measures of arterial stiffness (all P > 0.05). Increasing snoring frequency was independently associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.032 g/dL per step, 95% confidence interval -0.060 to -0.003), although the difference in high-density lipoprotein between snorers and non-snorers was not significant (P = 0.052). An association of snoring frequency with brachial pulse wave velocity differed according to body mass index (P = 0.03) and was the reverse of that expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parentally reported snoring was not independently associated with adverse measurements of metabolic markers, vascular structure or function in 8-year-old children. Parental reports of snoring may be below the treatment threshold without additional diagnosis via sleep studies.
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia. nmarshall@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Nathaniel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Julian G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ayer
authors.forename: Brett G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Toelle
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Harmer
authors.forename: Craig L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Ronald R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Grunstein
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Celermajer
authors.forename: Guy B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000517:prevention & control; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL