title: Radiological findings in patients undergoing revision endoscopic sinus surgery: a retrospective case series study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is now a well-established strategy for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis which has not responded to medical treatment. There is a wide variation in the practice of FESS by various surgeons within the UK and in other countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify anatomic factors that may predispose to persistent or recurrent disease in patients undergoing revision FESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of axial and coronal CT scans of patients undergoing revision FESS between January 2005 and November 2008 in a tertiary referral centre in South West of England.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CT scans of 63 patients undergoing revision FESS were reviewed. Among the patients studied, 15.9% had significant deviation of the nasal septum. Lateralised middle turbinates were present in 11.1% of the studied sides, and residual uncinate processes were identified in 57.1% of the studied sides. There were residual cells in the frontal recess in 96% of the studied sides. There were persistent other anterior and posterior ethmoidal cells in 92.1% and 96% of the studied sides respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of CT scans of patients undergoing revision FESS shows persistent structures and non-dissected cells that may be responsible for persistence or recurrence of rhinosinusitis symptoms. Trials comparing the outcome of conservative FESS techniques with more radical sinus dissections are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, U,K, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt. hisham.khalil@phnt.swest.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Hisham S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Ahmed Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Eweiss
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clifton