title: A comparison of Thiel and formalin embalmed cadavers for thyroid surgery training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The European Working Time Directive has increased the need for surgical skills training which does not involve patients. Recent changes in the anatomy legislation now make it possible to perform surgical procedures on human cadavers. Standard formalin embalming, however does not provide a very realistic model and alternative approaches, such as Thiel soft-fix embalmed cadavers, should be explored and evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two formalin and 3 Thiel embalmed cadavers were used at a senior trainee and consultant course in thyroid surgery. The 12 participants (8 trainees and 4 consultants) were asked to score 15 aspects, such as quality of different tissues, for each type of cadaver. Some of these aspects were specific to thyroid surgery, however many are equally applicable to other specialties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants rated the Thiel embalmed cadavers better or equal for all aspects. Of the 180 pairs of scores 33 were excluded, 10 were equal for formalin and Thiel, while in the remaining 137 Thiel scored better. The preference was particularly pronounced in aspects that require flexibility of tissues such as flap raising.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiel embalmed cadavers provide a more realistic model for training of thyroid surgical skills; this is expected to be similar for many other types of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. r.eisma@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eisma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahendran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Soames
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002102:Cadaver; D004501:Education, Medical; D004615:Embalming / Q000379:methods*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000193:education*
chemical_list: D005557:Formaldehyde