title: Association of parental stress and early childhood caries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little research has been carried out on whether the parental stress affects children's oral health in general and dental caries in particular. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was designed that included 250 children of 4-6 year-old; 127 ones attended the pediatric department of Isfahan School of Dentistry who had early childhood caries and a comparison group of 123 caries free children attended five kindergartens and pre-schools in Isfahan city. Clinical examinations were conducted to evaluate the caries status. The parents of the two study groups completed the self-administrated long form of the Parenting Stress Index questionnaire. Details of their socio-demographic status were gathered too. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5. The nonparametric Mantel-Haenszel test for correlation statistics was used to determine bivariate associations between total parenting stress and their domains scores in the two groups; i.e., those with early childhood caries and the caries free group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean score of PSI in the early childhood caries and caries free group were 286.66 ± 66.26 and 273.87 ± 31.03, respectively. There was not any significant relationship between total parental stress and ECC. The scores of the following domains of PSI demonstrated significant differences between ECC and CF groups: child reinforcement, child distractibility, child deficit attention, life stress and relationship with spouse (P = 0.01, 0.01, 0.001, 0.005 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings of this study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Department and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Ebrahim
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jabbarifar
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmady
authors.forename: Seyed Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sahafian
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Samei
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soheillipour