title: Characteristics of radiographically diagnosed pneumonia in under-5 children in Salvador, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of demographic and clinical aspects with radiographically diagnosed pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  By active surveillance, the admitted pneumonia cases by the pediatrician on duty were identified in a 2 year period. Demographic, clinical and radiographic data were registered into standardized forms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A public university pediatric hospital in Salvador, Northeast Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children <5 years-old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographically diagnosed pneumonia based on detection of pulmonary infiltrate/ consolidation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  301 cases had the chest X-ray evaluated by a pediatric radiologist blinded to clinical information, among whom pulmonary infiltrate and consolidation were described in 161 (54%) and 119 (40%), respectively. Chest X-ray was read normal for 140 cases. Overall, the median age was 17 months (mean 20±14, range 12 days-59 months). Pulmonary infiltrate was less frequently described among patients aged under 1 year (41.3% vs 59.9%, P=0.002, OR [95% CI] = 0.47 [0.29-0.76]) and hyperinflation was significantly more frequent in this age group (27.9% vs 4.1%, P<0.001, OR [95% CI] = 9.14 [4.0-20.9]). By multiple logistic regression, fever on admission was independently associated with pulmonary infiltrate (OR [95% CI] = 1.68 [1.03-2.73]) or consolidation (1.79 [1.10-2.92]), wheezing was independently associated with absence of pulmonary infiltrate (0.53 [0.33-0.86]) or of consolidation (0.53 [0.33-0.87]). The positive likelihood ratio of fever on examination for pulmonary infiltrate and consolidation was 1.49 (95% CI:1.11-1.98) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.14-1.94), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of fever enhanced 2.5 times the chance of children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract disease to have radiographically diagnosed pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil. nascimentocarvalho@hotmail.com
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Araujo-Neto
authors.forename: Mra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nascimento-Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic