title: Role of IL-4 in an experimental model of encephalitis induced by intracranial inoculation of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1).
abstract: Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a pathogen that may cause severe encephalitis in humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in a model of HSV-1 brain infection. IL-4 knockout (IL-4-/-) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with 10(4) plaque-forming units of HSV-1 by the intracranial route. Histopathologic analysis revealed a distinct profile of infiltrating cells at 3 days post-infection (dpi). Infected WT mice presented mononuclear inflammatory cells while IL-4-/- mice developed meningoencephalitis with predominance of neutrophils. IL-4-/- mice had diminished leukocyte adhesion at 3 dpi when compared to infected WT animals in intravital microscopy study. Conversely no differences were found in cerebral levels of CXCL1, CXCL9, CCL3, CCL5 and TNF-α between WT and IL-4-/- infected mice. IL-4 may play a role in the recruitment of cells into central nervous system in this acute model of severe encephalitis caused by HSV-1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia Carvalho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vilela
authors.forename: Roberta Dayrell de Lima
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Daniel Santos
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: David Henrique
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Norinne
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lacerda-Queiroz
authors.forename: Graciela Kunrath
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Milene Alvarenga
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rachid
authors.forename: Erna Geessien
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: Marco Antônio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Antônio Lúcio
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020803:Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4