title: An adaptation of prolonged exposure therapy for pediatric single incident trauma: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of a modification for Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy for single incident trauma in youth and examine the effective component(s) of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen youth (2 boys, 13 girls; mean age= 10.8 years) were treated with a developmentally modified version of PE called Trauma Mastery Therapy (TMT). The youth were evaluated pre-treatment, every 2 treatment sessions, and at 1 month follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), a self administered PTSD questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-treatment, 13 participants did not meet criteria for PTSD. Patients showed significant improvement at post-treatment. Analysis of variance models with pair-wise contrasts showed significantly higher scores at initiation of treatment as compared to the end of the exposure phase and, to a lesser extent, as compared to the psychoeducational phase, but no further significant improvement following the relapse prevention or follow-up phases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMT appears to be a promising treatment for single incident trauma in youth. Flexibility within the structure of TMT may facilitate treatment success. The study suggests exposure, and to some extent, psychoeducation, to be important components of treatment. Additional research is required to further validate these initial findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Gili
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adler Nevo
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manassis