title: Serum antioxidant levels and nutritional status in early and advanced stage lung cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malnutrition frequently occurs in lung cancer patients. We aimed to determine nutritional status and antioxidant and mineral levels in Thai patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study with matched case-control was conducted. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and subjective global assessment (SGA). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was used to assess the performance. The serum antioxidant and mineral levels were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine patients with a mean age of 58.8 (range, 35-82) who were first diagnosed with lung cancer were enrolled. They were compared with 60 healthy controls, and levels of retinol, α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, selenium, and zinc were lower (P < 0.05). However, peroxidase activity was higher (P = 0.002) in patients. Selenium levels were higher in early stage compared to advanced stage patients (P = 0.041). Overweight patients had higher selenium levels (0.04 mg/L) than normal BMI patients (β = 0.04, P = 0.035). Patients with SGA class C had lower selenium levels (0.03 mg/L) than those with class A (β = -0.03, P = 0.035). The poorer ECOG performance patients had significantly lower β-carotene (β = -0.192, P = 0.003) and selenium (β = -0.031, P = 0.011) levels compared with those with good ECOG performance status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly lower levels of antioxidants and selenium were found in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Levels of some antioxidants and minerals differed among categories of BMI, SGA categories, or ECOG performance status. These findings may be helpful for further studies, such as the effect of nutritional supplementation on clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kultida
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klarod
authors.forename: Pranithi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hongsprabhas
authors.forename: Tueanjit
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khampitak
authors.forename: Kosin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wirasorn
authors.forename: Sasisopin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiertiburanakul
authors.forename: Roongpet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tangrassameeprasert
authors.forename: Jureerut
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daduang
authors.forename: Puangrat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yongvanit
authors.forename: Patcharee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boonsiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D065366:Cryptoxanthins; D014131:Trace Elements; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; D009195:Peroxidase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc; D000077276:Lycopene