title: NADPH oxidase inhibitors: a patent review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NADPH oxidases, a family of multi-subunit enzyme complexes, catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In addition to the first NADPH oxidase found in phagocytes, four non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase isoforms have been identified, which all differ in their catalytic subunit (Nox1-5) and tissue distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper provides a comprehensive review of the patent literature on NADPH oxidase inhibitors, small molecule Nox inhibitors, peptides and siRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since each member of the NADPH oxidase family has great potential as a therapeutic target, several different compounds have been registered as NADPH oxidase inhibitors in the patent literature. As yet, none have gone through clinical trials, and some have not completed preclinical trials, including safety and specificity evaluation. Recently, small molecule pyrazolopyridine and triazolopyrimidine derivatives have been submitted as potent NADPH oxidase inhibitors and reported as first-in-class inhibitors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and acute stroke, respectively. Further clinical efficacy and safety data are warranted to prove their actual clinical utility.
authors.affiliation: Yeungnam University, College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea. jakim@ynu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jung-Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ganesh Prasad
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Neupane
authors.forename: Eung Seok
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byeong-Seon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Pritam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thapa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010455:Peptides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases