title: Prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral resistance and distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among patients with recent infection in Catalonia (Spain) between 2003 and 2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistances (TDR) and HIV-1 subtypes in recently infected patients in Catalonia between 2003 and 2005 and to describe the characteristics of these patients according to the presence or absence of TDR and HIV-1 subtype.
  
  
  METHODS
  After application of the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS), residual aliquots of serum samples from recently infected antiretroviral-naïve individuals were genotyped. FASTA sequences were analyzed using the HIVDB Program. The World Health Organization 2009 List of Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistant HIV Strains was used to estimate the prevalence of TDR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 182 recently infected patients, 14 (7.7%) presented TDR. Seven (3.8%) had genotypic evidence of TDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 6 (3.3%) against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 3 (1.6%) against protease inhibitors (PIs), and only 2 individuals (1.1%) presented TDR against more than one class of drugs. Thirty-five (19.2%) patients were infected with a non-B HIV-1 subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of TDR in recently infected patients in Catalonia. The results are similar to those of studies performed in other Spanish regions. Correct monitoring of these parameters requires systematic epidemiologic surveillance of transmitted resistance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia, Institut Català d'Oncologia/Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain.
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sued
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.forename: Tomàs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pumarola
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casabona
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Lurdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matas
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tural
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Margall
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Esteve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: M José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Amengual
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.forename: Angels
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masabeu
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Simó
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Villaverde
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barrufet
authors.forename: M Goretti
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sauca
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ortin
authors.forename: Amat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortí
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Euras
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilaró
authors.forename: M Carme
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Villà
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montull
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilanova
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miró
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D015751:Genes, pol; D015757:Genes, rev; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1