title: Chromogranin peptides in brain diseases.
abstract: Synaptic disturbances may play a key role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. In this article, we review immunohistological findings of chromogranin peptides in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer's disease, the disorder chromogranins have been studied most extensively. Data was collected from existing and new experimental data and medline research. This review focuses on synaptic changes elicited by chromogranin peptides immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease, as well in schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An imbalanced availability of chromogranin peptides may be responsible for impaired neurotransmission and a reduced functioning of dense core vesicles. Since chromogranin A was postulated as a potent proinflammatory agent, we focused on chromogranin A in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and ALS. Further understanding of role and function of chromogranin peptides in neuropathological conditions is still required.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Psychiatry, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leitner
authors.forename: Kurt A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jellinger
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marksteiner
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002864:Chromogranins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002864:Chromogranins