title: Molecular classification of commercial Spirulina strains and identification of their sulfolipid biosynthesis genes.
abstract: Cyanobacterial strains of the genus Spirulina have recently been identified as an excellent source of sulfolipids, some of which possess anti-HIV properties. Thus, to investigate the distribution of sufolipid biosynthesis pathways in Spirulina, a genetic screening/phylogentic study was performed. Five different strains of Spirulina [Spirulina (Jiangmen), Spirulina sp., S. platensis, S. maxima, and Spirulina seawater] sourced from different locations were initially classified via 16S rDNA sequencing, and then screened for the presence of the sulfolipid biosynthesis genes sqdB and sqdX via a PCR. To assess the suitability of these strains for human consumption and safe therapeutic use, the strains were also screened for the presence of genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are often associated with toxin pathways in cyanobacteria. The results of the 16S rDNA analysis and phylogenetic study indicated that Spirulina sp. is closely related to Halospirulina, whereas the other four Spirulina strains are closely related to Arthrospira. Homologs of sqdB and sqdX were identified in Spirulina (Jiangmen), Spirulina sp., S. platensis, and the Spirulina seawater. None of the Spirulina strains screened in this study tested positive for NRPS or PKS genes, suggesting that these strains do not produce NRP or PK toxins.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Chee Kuan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kwei
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neilan
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D053545:Spirulina / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006017:Glycolipids; D037521:Virulence Factors; C009355:sulfolipid I; D048630:Polyketide Synthases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C104385:non-ribosomal peptide synthase