title: Nocardia grenadensis sp. nov., isolated from sand of the Caribbean Sea.
abstract: A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium (GW5-5797(T)) was isolated on soil extract agar from sand collected at a depth of 5 m in the Caribbean Sea near Grenada. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and similarity studies showed that strain GW5-5797(T) belongs to the genus Nocardia, and is most closely related to Nocardia speluncae N2-11(T) (99.2% similarity) and Nocardia jinanensis 04-5195(T) (99.2%) and more distantly related to Nocardia rhamnosiphila 202GMO(T) (98.6%) and other Nocardia species. Strain GW5-5797(T) could be distinguished from all other recognized Nocardia species by sequence similarity values less than 98.5%. The peptidoglycan diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Strain GW5-5797(T) exhibited a quinone system with the predominant compounds MK-8(H(4)ω-cyclo) and MK-8(H(2)). The polar lipid profile of GW5-5797(T) consisted of the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified glycolipid, moderate amounts of phosphatidylinositol and a phosphatidylinositol mannoside and minor amounts of several lipids including a second phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The polyamine pattern contained the major compound spermine and moderate amounts of spermidine. The major fatty acids were C(16:0,) C(18:1)ω9c and 10-methyl C(18:0). These chemotaxonomic traits are in excellent agreement with those of other Nocardia species. The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain GW5-5797(T) from the most closely related species, showing 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities >98.5%. Strain GW5-5797(T) therefore merits separate species status, and we propose the name Nocardia grenadensis sp. nov., with the type strain GW5-5797(T) (=CCUG 60970(T) =CIP 110294(T)).
authors.affiliation: Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kämpfer
authors.affiliation: Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lodders
authors.affiliation: Labor Grün-Wollny, D-35394 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grün-Wollny
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institut, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busse
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000032:analysis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D019425:Grenada; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009615:Nocardia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D011073:Polyamines / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010743:Phospholipids; D011073:Polyamines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C004532:quinone; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide