title: Modified apple polysaccharides could induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
abstract: Multiple studies have pointed out that dietary components could inhibit cancer progression and metastasis, and it has been proven that many ingredients of apple have benefits for cancer prevention. We, therefore, extracted modified apple polysaccharides (MAP) from apple and hypothesized that MAP have a cancer-preventive effect as do other ingredients of apple. Three human colorectal cancer cell lines: SW-1116, HT-29, and Caco-2 were exposed to different concentrations of MAP (0% to 0.1%). Inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. DNA fragmentation was visualized by agarose-gel electrophoresis. The amount of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry, and protein level of caspase 3, 8, 9, Bax, and Bcl-2 was evaluated by Western blot. At the concentrations of 0.01% to 0.1%, MAP showed growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells. It increased the expression of caspase 3, 8, 9, and Bax, while decreased of Bcl-2, which denoted that MAP may induce apoptosis through both the mitochondrial-mediated and death receptor-mediated apoptotic ways. These data indicate that MAP has the potential for clinical prevention and treatment for colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical Univ., Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yinbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Huanjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xianghe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qibing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mei
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides