title: New pathogenic paradigms in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: Recent progresses in basic science have opened new pathogenic scenarios in inflammatory bowel disease. The T helper cell type (Th)1/Th2 paradigm has been outdated thanks to the advances in understanding the function of Th17 cells. Innate immunity, nonimmune cells, and defective tolerogenic mechanisms play a no less crucial role than do adaptive immunity, immune cells, and hyperactivation of effector mechanisms. These new paradigms, together with the no longer "static" but "dynamic" vision of intestinal inflammation, highlight new possible therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Centro per Studio e Cura delle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. a.disabatino@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Sabatino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biancheri
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rovedatti
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Gino R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Corazza
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000276:immunology; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23