title: Z-plasty for sculpturing of the bifid scrotum in severe hypospadias associated with penoscrotal transposition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bifid scrotum is usually associated with scrotal and perineal hypospadias. Conventional surgical repair involves rotation of two scrotal flaps, joining them in the midline, and vertical skin closure. Dimpling of skin can occur, resulting in suboptimal aesthetic results. We describe a technique whereby the bifid scrotum is rebuilt and contoured using single or multiple Z-plasties.
  
  
  METHODS
  We repaired 43 children with scrotal, penoscrotal or perineal hypospadias and varying degrees of bifid scrotum. Age range was 5 months-18 years. Patients were divided into three groups: I) 26 children with primary perineoscrotal hypospadias who underwent two-stage hypospadias repair and had a Z-scrotoplasty during either the first or second stage repair; II) 11 children who had previous hypospadias surgery with vertical closure of scrotum, and who underwent secondary Z-scrotoplasty; III) 6 children with primary posterior hypospadias who had their scrotum repaired with midline vertical closure, serving as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 children in Group I and all patients in Group II achieved excellent aesthetic results, with rounded scrotum, no midline dimpling and no major complications. Midline dimple was encountered in 4 patients in Group III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In repairing bifid scrotum associated with hypospadias, the principle of Z-plasty can be incorporated in scrotal contouring. This elongates, relaxes and interrupts the longitudinal tension of the midline closure. Multiple Z-plasties avoid contracture and scar formation, which are apt to result in recurrence of bifid scrotum.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Main University Hospital, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mokhless
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youssif
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eltayeb
authors.forename: Moneer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012611:Scrotum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*