title: Submucous tramadol increases the anesthetic efficacy of mepivacaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of submucous tramadol as adjuvant of mepivacaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted. Twenty healthy young volunteers were randomized into two treatment sequences using a series of random numbers. Sequence 1: Group A, 2% mepivacaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine plus submucous tramadol 50mg (1mL of saline) and one week later Group B, 2% mepivacaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine plus submucous placebo (1mL of saline). Sequence 2: Group B and one week later Group A. All treatments were administered 1min after that patient informed anesthesia of lower lip. We evaluated the duration of anesthesia of lower lip, anesthetic efficacy, and local and systemic adverse events. Anesthetic efficacy was better in group receiving submucous tramadol during the first 2h compared with group receiving submucous placebo (P<0.05). Submucous tramadol increased the anesthetic efficacy of mepivacaine with epinephrine of soft tissue in inferior alveolar nerve block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Cuauhtémoc University, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. isiordia81@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Mario Alberto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Isiordia-Espinoza
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orozco-Solis
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tobías-Azúa
authors.forename: Elsa Patricia
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Méndez-Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014147:Tramadol; D008619:Mepivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine