title: Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee.
abstract: Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulations-the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. The surgeon is ill equipped to undertake surgical treatment of a dislocated knee without a sound footing in the anatomic complexities of this joint. We review the normal anatomy of the knee, emphasizing connective tissue structures and common injury patterns.
authors.affiliation: Hughston Foundation and the Hughston Clinic, Columbus, GA, USA. docflandry@aol.com
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Flandry
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hommel
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology; D007717:Knee / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010329:Patella / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D057071:Patellofemoral Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000502:physiology; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries