title: Establishment of a fluorescent implantation metastasis model of bladder cancer and real-time microscopic detection in nude mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish a fluorescent implantation metastasis model of bladder carcinoma with high metastatic potential in nude mice and observe development and metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human bladder cancer EJ cells with high invasive ability were screened and transfected with GFP plasmid to screen stable enhanced GFP-expressing clones instilled into the bladders of nude mice. Subsequent growth, invasion, and metastasis of the implanted tumors were observed and evaluated with a whole-body fluorescence optical imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transfected bladder cancer EJ cells stably and efficiently expressed EGFP. The growth, invasion and metastasis of the implant bladder tumor were readily observed and accurately evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. In the bladders of nude mice, the rates of EGFP expression detected by flow cytometry at weeks 1-4 were 22.6%, 46.7%, 62.3% and 72.7%, respectively, with clear increase over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GFP-labeled bladder cancer EJ cells display green fluorescence under fluorescent microscopy and show stable GFP expression. The model will provide a simple and reliable means for studying the mechanism of implantation metastasis of human bladder cancers in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Urology, Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Delin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiansong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins