title: Aboriginal premature mortality within South Australia 1999-2006: a cross-sectional analysis of small area results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper initially describes premature mortality by Aboriginality in South Australia during 1999 to 2006. It then examines how these outcomes vary across area level socio-economic disadvantage and geographic remoteness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retrospective, cross-sectional analysis uses estimated resident population by sex, age and small areas based on the 2006 Census, and Unit Record mortality data. Premature mortality outcomes are measured using years of life lost (YLL). Subsequent intrastate comparisons are based on indirect sex and age adjusted YLL results. A multivariate model uses area level socio-economic disadvantage rank, geographic remoteness, and an interaction between the two variables to predict premature mortality outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aboriginal people experienced 1.1% of total deaths but 2.2% of YLL and Aboriginal premature mortality rates were 2.65 times greater than the South Australian average. Premature mortality for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people increased significantly as area disadvantage increased. Among Aboriginal people though, a significant main effect for area remoteness was also observed, together with an interaction between disadvantage and remoteness. The synergistic effect shows the social gradient between area disadvantage and premature mortality increased as remoteness increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While confirming the gap in premature mortality rates between Aboriginal South Australians and the rest of the community, the study also found a heterogeneity of outcomes within the Aboriginal community underlie this difference. The results support the existence of relationship between area level socio-economic deprivation, remoteness and premature mortality in the midst of an affluent society. The study concludes that vertically equitable resourcing according to population need is an important response to the stark mortality gap and its exacerbation by area socio-economic position and remoteness.
authors.affiliation: Research and Ethics Policy, SA Health, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. david.banham@health.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banham
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jury
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Woollacott
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult