title: Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1, and the assessment of oxidative damage in infertile men with varicoceles from northwestern China.
abstract: Our objective was to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the  glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 genes (GSTM1,  GSTT1, and GSTP1) and to assess the oxidative damage in  infertile men with varicoceles from northwestern China. A total of 65  infertile men with varicoceles and 30 controls were included in the study.  Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain  reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to  identify the genotypes. Sperm DNA damage was assessed by terminal  deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL).  The levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) were measured by  high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The  activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the total  antioxidant capacity (TAC) were detected by spectroscopic analysis, and sperm  characteristics were measured using computer-assisted semen analysis. The  frequencies of the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1  genotypes were not significantly different between the control and patient  groups (P > .05). The percentage of TUNEL-positive sperm and the  levels of 8-OH-dG, MDA, and NO were higher but the sperm concentration and  motility and the TAC were lower in the patients with the GSTM1,  GSTT1, and GSTM1/T1 null genotypes than those in  the patients with the GSTM1, GSTT1, and  GSTM1/T1 present genotypes (P < .05). However,  no significant differences were observed between the GSTP1 A/A and  A/G+G/G genotypes (P > .05). Our results suggest that the  GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may predispose sperm to  increased oxidative damage in infertile men with varicoceles; however,  GSTP1 allelic variation was not significantly different between the  patient and control groups in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
authors.forename: Kaifa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Shaoyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qifei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ruizhe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xinyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human