title: Pressurized liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from Anatolia propolis and their radical scavenging capacities.
abstract: Propolis samples from important honey producing locations of Anatolia namely; Bingol (BG), Rize (RZ), Tekirdag (TK) and Van (VN), were evaluated for their antiradical capacities, total phenolic contents and individual phenolic compounds which was recovered by means of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Several extraction parameters of PLE such as; temperature, pressure, solvent type, extraction time and cell size were investigated for their effects on the extraction performances. The results showed that, 40 °C, 1500 psi, Ethanol:water:HCl; (70:25:5, v/v/v) containing 0.1% tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) as solvent, three extraction cycles within 15 min, and a cell size of 11 mL was the most favorable PLE operating conditions. Results of the tests performed to designate the success of the polyphenol analysis showed that the recovery was in the range of 97.2% and 99.7%. Major phenolic compounds in all samples were found to be gallocatechin (GCT), catechin (CT), epicatechin gallate (ECTG), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA), and myricetin (Myr). ChA level of BG propolis was 4.5, 3 and 23 times higher than that of RZ, TK and VN region, respectively. Antiradical tests showed that all propolis samples have superior antiradical capacities up to 500 mg Trolox equivalent activity per gram of extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Burhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ates
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Durmaz
authors.forename: Ismet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seckin
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011312:Pressure; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents; D014421:Turkey; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; D000431:Ethanol; C040015:myricetin; D002392:Catechin; D011429:Propolis; C062669:epicatechin gallate; C018855:2-tert-butylhydroquinone; C057580:gallocatechol; C040048:caffeic acid