title: Rating scale for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: scale development and clinimetric testing.
abstract: Our aim was to develop a clinimetric scale evaluating motor phenomena, associated features, and severity of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Sixty video/EEG-recorded PNES induced by suggestion maneuvers were evaluated. We examined the relationship between results from this scale and results from the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale to validate this technique. Interrater reliabilities of the PNES scale for three raters were analyzed using the AC1 statistic, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The relationship between the CGI and PNES scales was evaluated with Spearman correlations. The AC1 statistic demonstrated good interrater reliability for each phenomenon analyzed (tremor/oscillation, tonic; clonic/jerking, hypermotor/agitation, atonic/akinetic, automatisms, associated features). KCC and the ICC showed moderate interrater agreement for phenomenology, associated phenomena, and total PNES scores. Spearman's correlation of mean CGI score with mean total PNES score was 0.69 (P<0.001). The scale described here accurately evaluates the phenomenology of PNES and could be used to assess and compare subgroups of patients with PNES.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cianci
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferlazzo
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Condino
authors.forename: Hélène Somma
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Mauvais
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farnarier
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Labate
authors.forename: Maria Adele
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Latella
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: Damiano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Branca
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vazzana
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aguglia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014894:Weights and Measures; D055815:Young Adult