title: Effects of adding polyclonal antibody preparations on ruminal fermentation patterns and digestibility of cows fed different energy sources.
abstract: Nine ruminally cannulated cows fed different energy sources were used to evaluate an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP-MV) against the specific ruminal bacteria Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Clostridium aminophilum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Clostridium sticklandii and monensin (MON) on ruminal fermentation patterns and in vivo digestibility. The experimental design was three 3 × 3 Latin squares distinguished by the main energy source in the diet [dry-ground corn grain (CG), high-moisture corn silage (HMCS), or citrus pulp (CiPu)]. Inside each Latin square, animals received one of the feed additives per period [none (CON), MON, or PAP-MV]. Dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation variables such as pH, total short-chain fatty acids (tSCFA), which included acetate, propionate, and butyrate, as well as lactic acid and NH(3)-N concentration were analyzed in this trial. Total tract DM apparent digestibility and its fractions were estimated using chromic oxide as an external marker. Each experimental period lasted 21 d. Ruminal fluid sampling was carried out on the last day of the period at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after the morning meal. Ruminal pH was higher (P = 0.006) 4 h postfeeding in MON and PAP-MV groups when compared with CON. Acetate:propionate ratio was greater in PAP-MV compared with MON across sampling times. Polyclonal antibodies did not alter (P > 0.05) tSCFA, molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, or lactic acid and NH(3)-N concentration. Ruminal pH was higher (P = 0.01), 4 h postfeeding in CiPu diets compared with CG and HMCS. There was no interaction between feed additive and energy source (P > 0.05) for any of the digestibility coefficients analyzed. Starch digestibility was less (P = 0.008) in PAP-MV when compared with CON and MON. In relation to energy sources, NDF digestibility was greater (P = 0.007) in CG and CiPu vs. the HMCS diet. The digestibility of ADF was greater (P = 0.002) in CiPu diets followed by CG and HMCS. Feeding PAP-MV or monensin altered ruminal fermentation patterns and digestive function in cows; however, those changes were independent of the main energy source of the diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: P H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dicostanzo
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Millen
authors.forename: R L D
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dilorenzo
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: M D B
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Arrigoni
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008985:Monensin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D008985:Monensin