title: Expanding indications for the Boston keratoprosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review emerging indications for the Boston keratoprosthesis (KPro) and to discuss current research underway to improve clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to multiple failed corneal grafts, other ocular conditions for which the Boston KPro has been used include herpetic keratitis, aniridia, autoimmune ocular disorders, and pediatric corneal opacities. In the recent years, the KPro has been implanted for various other conditions and has also been explored as a cost-effective treatment for severe corneal diseases internationally. Cicatricial and inflammatory ocular conditions remain the most difficult cases for KPro use but studies investigating various immunomodulators and biologic materials for improved retention are ongoing. Postoperative management of glaucoma is critical for preserving the visual gains achieved with the Boston KPro. Current studies are evaluating novel devices for intraocular pressure measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accrued experience with the Boston KPro has demonstrated its versatility but also the difficulties that remain in postoperative management. With many studies underway to improve cost-effectiveness, intra-operative and postoperative management, keratoprostheses will be made increasingly available to those countries most in need.
authors.affiliation: Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. KAColby@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Colby
authors.forename: Euna B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D001187:Artificial Organs; D003315:Cornea; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016039:Corneal Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016896:Treatment Outcome