title: Impact of the FDA warning of potential ceftriaxone and calcium interactions on drug use policy in clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In September 2007, the FDA issued an alert recommending that ceftriaxone and calcium-containing solutions should not be administered to any patient within 48 h of each other. Due to the widespread use of ceftriaxone, significant concern was expressed by the greater healthcare community about the warning, which the FDA eventually retracted in April of 2009. We sought to quantify the impact of the warning on healthcare institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was administered to the membership of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists to quantify perceived changes in ceftriaxone use among healthcare institutions across the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of Infectious Diseases experts was conducted. Participants were queried for hospital policies/drug use statistics during two times: immediately after the FDA warning and approximately 13 months post warning (preceding the FDA retraction).
  
  
  METHODS
  Related changes in formulary, drug-use policy, and the number of employee hours that were devoted to addressing the FDA warning were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-four surveys representing 94 hospital systems were included in the analysis. Approximately half (n = 49, 52%) of respondent institutions enacted at least one drug-use policy change based on the warning; one institution removed ceftriaxone from a clinical protocol. Institutions' final interpretations of the warning differed slightly from initial understanding of the warning, and there was an overall minor decrease in the perceived use of ceftriaxone. The majority of those surveyed (n = 70, 74%) estimated that their respective institutions devoted between 1 and 49 employee hours to address the warning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitals with ID pharmacists had minimal changes to ceftriaxone use after the 2007 FDA warning. Specialized pharmacists may be uniquely situated to help hospitals interpret global recommendations locally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago State University College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Esterly
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steadman
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Scheetz
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D012957:Societies, Pharmaceutical; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D002118:Calcium