title: Estrogen sulfotransferase is expressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese humans in association with TNF-alpha and SOCS3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) catalyzes the inactivation of estrone and estradiol in numerous tissues. Animal studies suggest that EST modulates glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, but it is unknown whether EST is expressed in human adipose tissue and, if so, how its expression relates to features of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data from 16 obese men and women with metabolic dysregulation were collected as part of a larger randomized trial at an academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent assessment of body composition, oral glucose tolerance testing, measurement of serum hormones and inflammatory markers, and sc fat biopsy to assess adipose expression of TNF-α, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), leptin, adiponectin, and EST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EST expression was detectable in sc adipose tissue from both men and women. Log(10) EST mRNA was not significantly associated with age, race, sex or menopausal status, or circulating levels of estrogen or testosterone. In univariate analysis, log(10) EST mRNA was significantly associated with visceral adipose tissue area (r = 0.57, P = 0.02) as well as adipose tissue expression of TNF-α (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001) and SOCS3 mRNA (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001). The associations between EST expression and TNF-α and SOCS3 held in multivariate modeling controlling for age, race, sex and menopausal status, and visceral adiposity. EST expression was not significantly associated with the adipose tissue levels of leptin or adiponectin expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EST is expressed in abdominal sc adipose tissue of both obese males and females in association with expression of TNF-α and SOCS3, suggesting potential roles in inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the specific metabolic roles of EST expression in human adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ahima@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Rexford S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ahima
authors.forename: Takara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Victor K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.forename: Markella V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Zanni
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C020122:estrone sulfotransferase