title: Cloud-point extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils.
abstract: A cloud-point extraction (CPE) method using Triton X-114 (TX-114) nonionic surfactant was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of propyl gallate (PG), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) from edible oils. The optimum conditions of CPE were 2.5% (v/v) TX-114, 0.5% (w/v) NaCl and 40 min equilibration time at 50 °C. The surfactant-rich phase was then analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 280 nm, using a gradient mobile phase consisting of methanol and 1.5% (v/v) acetic acid. Under the studied conditions, 4 synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) were successfully separated within 24 min. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.9 ng mL(-1) for PG, 11 ng mL(-1) for TBHQ, 2.3 ng mL(-1) for BHA, and 5.9 ng mL(-1) for BHT. Recoveries of the SPAs spiked into edible oil were in the range 81% to 88%. The CPE method was shown to be potentially useful for the preconcentration of the target analytes, with a preconcentration factor of 14. Moreover, the method is simple, has high sensitivity, consumes much less solvent than traditional methods, and is environment-friendly. Practical Application: The method established in this article uses less organic solvent to extract SPAs from edible oils; it is simple, highly sensitive and results in no pollution to the environment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming Univ. of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650224, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qinghai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Mousheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057230:Limit of Detection; D017830:Octoxynol; D044367:Phase Transition; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005520:Food Preservatives; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011435:Propyl Gallate; D017830:Octoxynol; C010615:Nonidet P-40; C018855:2-tert-butylhydroquinone