title: Treatment of a textile effluent from dyeing with cochineal extracts using Trametes versicolor fungus.
abstract: Trametes versicolor (Tv) fungus can degrade synthetic dyes that contain azo groups, anthraquinone, triphenylmethane polymers, and heterocyclic groups. However, no references have been found related to the degradation of natural dyes, such as the carminic acid that is contained in the cochineal extract. Experiments to determine the decolorization of the effluent used in the cotton dyeing process with cochineal extract by means of Tv fungus were done. Treatments to determine decolorization in the presence or absence of Kirk's medium, glucose, and fungus, with an addition of 50% (v v-1) of nonsterilized effluent were performed. Physicochemical characterization was performed at the start and end of the treatment. Degradation kinetics were determined. A direct relationship was found between the dry weight of fungi, pH, and the decolorization system, with higher decolorization at lower pH levels (pH ~4.3). High decolorization (81% ± 0.09; 88% ± 0.17; and 99% ± 0.04) for three of the eight treatments (Kirk's medium without glucose, Kirk's medium with glucose, and without medium with glucose, respectively) was found. Toxicity tests determined an increase in the initial effluent toxicity (7.33 TU) compared with the final treatment (47.73 TU) in a period of 11 days. For this system, a degradation sequence of the carminic acid structure present in the effluent by the Tv fungus is suggested, in which it is seen that metabolites still containing aromatic structures are generated.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salvatierra, Gto. México.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Figueroa
authors.forename: Graciela M L
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Aguilar
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Martínez
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González-Sánchez
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuevas-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Refugio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Vázquez
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002329:Carmine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D013783:Textile Industry; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D055454:Trametes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002329:Carmine