title: Factors affecting fertilization and embryonic development during intracytoplasmic sperm injection in pigs.
abstract: In intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique, a sperm was injected into ooplasm directly using a glass pipette. The fertilization physiology in ICSI is considered quite different from that of the natural fertilization. The different mechanisms for fertilization may be the causes of various results in ICSI. In this paper, we focus on the state of sperm membranes, nuclear or DNA integrity during ICSI procedure and discuss the influence of these factors on fertilization and embryonic development. We also introduce some examples in application of ICSI for new technologies in pigs.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan. nakai3@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kashiwazaki
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maedomari
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shino
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005306:Fertilization; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic