title: The influence of natural mineral water on aquaporin water permeability and human natural killer cell activity.
abstract: Aquaporins are the intrinsic membrane proteins functioning as water channel to transport water and/or mineral nutrients across the biological membrane systems. In this research, we aimed to clarify if the selected mineral water can affect aquaporin functions in vitro and the assumption of the mineral water can modify aquaporin expression and activate natural killer cell activity in human body. First, we expressed six human and eight plant aquaporin genes in oocytes and compared the effect of different kinds of natural mineral water on aquaporin activity. The oocyte assay data show that Hita tenryosui water could promote water permeability of almost all human and plant aquaporins in varying degrees, and freeze-dry and organic solvent extraction could reduce AQP2 activity but pH change and boiling could not. Second, each volunteer in two groups (10 in one group) received an oral Hita tenryosui or tap water load of 1000 ml/day for total four weeks. We found that these two kinds of water did not directly affect the relative expression levels of AQP1 and AQP9 in the blood cells, but intriguingly, the natural killer cell activities of the volunteers drinking Hita tenryosui water were significantly improved, suggesting that Hita tenryosui water has obvious health function, which opens a new and interesting field of investigation related to the link between mineral water consumption and human health and the therapies for some chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Japan. kitagawayy@kitagawa-inst.com
authors.forename: Yoshichika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Chengwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D020346:Aquaporins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009865:Oocytes; D012275:Oryza; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D008900:Mineral Waters; D014867:Water