title: Biological monitoring for exposure to deltamethrin: a human oral dosing study and background levels in the UK general population.
abstract: An oral dose of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin was administered to five volunteers at the acceptable daily intake (ADI, 0.01 mg/kg). Total urine was collected from the volunteers at timed intervals for 60h post-exposure. The metabolites 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane)carboxylic acid (DBVA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) were quantified in hydrolysed urine using GC-MS analysis. Both metabolites exhibited rapid elimination half-lives of 3.6 and 7.1h, respectively. Levels of DBVA quantified in urine were approximately 5 times greater than 3-PBA. Mean metabolite levels found in 24h total urine collections, normalised for a 70 kg individual, were 42.8 μmol DBVA/mol creatinine (range 34.6-63.2; CV=28%) and 8.7 μmol 3-PBA/mol creatinine (range 6.6-12.7; CV=31%). We calculate that a 70 kg person receiving a dose of deltamethrin at the ADI would be expected to have a 24-h total urine collection level of 32-53 μmol DBVA/mol creatinine (95% confidence interval). Analysis of 336 samples from adult UK residents with no known exposure to deltamethrin derives an upper reference value (95th percentile) of 0.5 μmol DBVA/mol creatinine (maximum 4.2 μmol DBVA/mol creatinine), demonstrating that general population exposure to deltamethrin in the UK is very low and well within levels expected at the ADI.
authors.affiliation: Health and Safety Laboratory, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK. craig.sams@hsl.gov.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sams
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D003404:Creatinine