title: Breast cancer subtypes and outcome after local and regional relapse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the outcome of breast cancer patients after locoregional recurrence (LRR) according to tumor biological features evaluated at first diagnosis and at the time of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected information on all consecutive breast cancer patients operated at the European Institute of Oncology between 1994 and 2005. The tumor characteristics and subsequent outcome of patients who experienced LRR were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and seventy nine patients with LRR were identified, 197 and 82 patients with local and regional recurrence respectively. The overall discordance rate between primary cancer and LRR was 9% for estrogen receptor expression, 22% for progesterone receptor and 4% for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. For patients with regional recurrence, the risk of distant metastasis was significantly higher compared with local relapse in case of late recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.76; 95% CI 1.31-5.85). Patients with triple-negative breast cancer at LRR experienced a higher risk of subsequent relapse (HR 2.87 [1.67-4.91]) and death (HR 2.00 [1.25-3.19]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRR correlates with a high risk of subsequent events and death in particular in patients with triple-negative subtype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Research Unit of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. emilia.montagna@ieo.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnardi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rotmensz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viale
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Renne
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cancello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balduzzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zurrida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mastropasqua
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bottiglieri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colleoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D018734:Genes, erbB-2 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone