title: An update on penile reconstruction.
abstract: Penile reconstruction still represents a formidable challenge for the urologist. In this review, the most recent advances in penile reconstruction after trauma, excision of benign and malignant disease and in patients with micropenis, aphallia or female to male gender dysphoria are reported.
authors.affiliation: St Peter’s Andrology and the Institute of Urology, W1G 6BJ London, UK. giuliogaraffa@gmail.com
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garaffa
authors.forename: Amr Abdel
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Raheem
authors.forename: David John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ralph
mesh_terms: D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000601:surgery