title: Mediators of oligodendrocyte differentiation during remyelination.
abstract: Myelin, a dielectric sheath that wraps large axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems, is essential for proper conductance of axon potentials. In multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune-mediated damage to myelin within the central nervous system (CNS) leads to progressive disability primarily due to limited endogenous repair of demyelination with associated axonal pathology. While treatments are available to limit demyelination, no treatments are available to promote myelin repair. Studies examining the molecular mechanisms that promote remyelination are therefore essential for identifying therapeutic targets to promote myelin repair and thereby limit disability in MS. Here, we present our current understanding of the critical extracellular and intracellular pathways that regulate the remyelinating capabilities of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) within the adult CNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jigisha R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Robyn S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D035683:MicroRNAs; D014157:Transcription Factors