title: Transcatheter arterial embolization of intramuscular active hemorrhage with N-butyl cyanoacrylate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for intramuscular active hemorrhage of varied etiologies and anatomic sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients who demonstrated hematoma with pseudoaneurysm and/or active extravasation of contrast media underwent TAE with NBCA. Etiologies of hematoma included trauma, postoperative complication, and coagulopathy (due to underlying disease or anticoagulation therapy). Sites of embolization included chest wall, abdomen wall, retroperitoneum, and extremity. TAE was performed by using 1:3 to 1:5 mixtures of NBCA and iodized oil, either solely (n = 15) or in combination with microcoil (n = 3). The technical and clinical success rate, procedure-related complications, and clinical outcomes were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 83% (15/18), respectively. Two patients expired while admitted due to other comorbidities. One patient expired due to recurrent bleeding at another site. There were no serious complications relating to the embolization procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAE with NBCA is effective and safe treatment modality for intramuscular active hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hwan Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jae
authors.forename: Hyo-Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jae Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000098:blood supply; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000098:blood supply; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000098:blood supply; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D004659:Enbucrilate