title: Hemodynamic analysis of bladder tumors using T1-dynamic contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hemodynamics of bladder tumors, we developed a method to calculate change in R(1) value (ΔR(1)) from T(1)-dynamic contrast-enhanced fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (T(1)DCE-FSE-MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  On a 1.5-T MR system, T(1)DCE-FSE-MRI was performed. This study was applied to 12 patients with urinary bladder tumor, i.e. urothelial carcinoma. We compared ΔR(1)-time and ΔSI-time between a peak in the ΔR(1)-time and ΔSI-time curve occurred during the first pass within 60s. Next, we assessed the slope of increase for 180s after CA injection (Slope(0-180)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean slope of the first pass was significantly higher for bladder tumors on both the ΔR(1)-time and the ΔSI-time curve compared with normal bladder walls. Moreover, a significant difference was apparent between bladder tumors and normal bladder walls on the mean Slope(0-180) in the ΔR(1)-time curve. However, no significant difference in the mean Slope(0-180) was observed on the ΔSI-time curve between bladder tumors and normal bladder walls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T(1)DCE-FSE-MRI offers three advantages: quantitative analysis; high-quality (i.e., artifact-free) images; and high temporal resolution even for SE images. Use of ΔR(1) analysis with T(1)DCE-FSE-MRI allows more detailed information on the hemodynamics of bladder tumors to be obtained and assists in differentiation between bladder tumors and the normal bladder wall.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80, Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan. yukikanazawa@me.com
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Tosiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyati
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA