title: Comparison of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in Turkish foodstuffs: industrial versus rural, local versus supermarket products, and assessment of dietary intake.
abstract: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like (indicator) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored in various foodstuffs of animal origin and edible oil samples obtained from two different cities in Turkey both rural and industrial. Total dioxin+dioxin-like PCBs and indicator PCB concentrations of pooled samples ranged 0.20-4.19 pg World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalency (WHO-TEQ)(1998)/g fat and 57.2-1710 pg/g fat, respectively. The dominant congeners were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDD and PCB126. Dietary intake of dioxin+dioxin-like PCBs and indicator PCBs from fish, dairy products, edible oil, egg and meat was 0.509 pg WHO-TEQ1998/kg bw (body weight)/day and 839 pg/kg bw/day in Afyon and 0.588 pg WHO-TEQ1998/ kg bw/day and 1070 pg/kg bw/day in Kocaeli, respectively. The major contributors to total exposure were dairy products and fish. Despite the unexplained high contamination level in an individual egg sample from Kocaeli, average concentration levels in Turkey, even in industrialized regions, were low compared to reported concentrations in Western Europe. Exposure levels were well below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 pg WHO-TEQ1998/kg body weight.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Dioxin, Ankara Provincial Control Laboratory , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Şehit Cem Ersever Avenue, Yenimahalle, 12 , 06170-Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Devrim
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Gül Çelik
authors.initials: GÇ
authors.lastname: Çakıroğulları
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uçar
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Theelen
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Traag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004435:Eating; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D019649:Food Industry; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012424:Rural Population; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011108:Polymers; C016068:polychlorodibenzofuran; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls