title: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) testing and prevention in the cruise industry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no internationally recognized guidelines regarding HIV for employees on cruise ships. The aim of the study was to survey and compare current practices for crews in the cruise industry regarding HIV testing and prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical representatives from cruise companies were invited to complete a questionnaire on their company's practices regarding HIV-related issues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen of 18 invited representatives completed the questionnaire on behalf of 24 companies with a total of 155 ships. All 8 companies with a medical department had a written HIV policy, versus 4 of 16 companies that handled medical crew issues through independent medical consultant services. Thirteen companies required pre-sea HIV testing, 12 had a written HIV policy regarding HIV testing and prevention, and 18 had free condoms for the crew. A positive HIV test would result in revocation of the employment offer from 5 companies and in another 6 companies establish HIV as a pre-existing condition. Eight companies required HIV+ seafarers to demonstrate stability at regular intervals as a condition for sailing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cruise companies have different practices regarding HIV in crew. Large cruise lines with medical departments are more likely to have a written HIV policy than companies using independent medical consultants. About half the companies required pre-sea HIV testing; some to avoid hiring HIV+ seafarers, others to establish HIV as a pre-existing condition or to ensure proper follow-up of their HIV+ seafarers. This report may provide input for company discussions about present or future HIV policies.
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. eilifdahl@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Eilif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D017280:Condoms / Q000600:supply & distribution; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D016134:Organizational Policy; D012767:Ships; D014186:Transportation; D014195:Travel; D000078329:Workforce