title: The rearing and biology of the desert beetle, Microdera punctipennis, under laboratory conditions.
abstract: Microdera punctipennis Kasz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a unique species that lives in the desert region of Central Asia and has adopted a nocturnal habit to survive the desert environment. Female adults are larger in size than male adults. The female/male ratio was 1.04:1. A rearing method using reused plastic bottles was used. The rearing conditions were 30 ± 0.5 °C, 30 ± 6% relative humidity (RH), and 16:8 L:D photoperiod. Cabbage was provided as food. Cannibalism was avoided by rearing one larva in a bottle. A complete life cycle was obtained under these conditions. The viability of eggs, larvae, prepupae, pupae, and teneral adults was 93.54%, 83.71%, 84.76%, 87.64%, and 93.59%, respectively. Embryogenesis took 7.35 days on average. The larval duration in each instar was 2.25 days. The mean duration of the larvae, prepupae, pupae, and teneral adult was 49.27, 7.05, 9.95, and 10.12 days, respectively. The coloration of each developmental stage gradually changed from creamy white to light brownish or black. Females commenced oviposition when their body color became black. On average, each female produced 568 eggs.
authors.affiliation: Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, 830046 Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaoning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Kelaimu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rexili
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002681:China; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004772:Entomology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition