title: Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α co-operatively enhance a novel trophic activity of astrocytes for pontine cholinergic neurons in vitro.
abstract: Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are the only known trophic factors for pontine cholinergic neurons. The present study revealed that astrocyte-extract pretreated with IL-1β and TNF-α significantly enhanced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity of the pontine neurons in the presence of a supramaximal dose of insulin, while various trophic factors including IGFs failed to increase the ChAT activity under the same culture conditions, suggesting that IL-1β and TNF-α co-operatively enhanced the expression of a novel trophic factor for pontine cholinergic neurons in astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toya