title: Hooked on a feeling: rumination about positive and negative emotion in inter-episode bipolar disorder.
abstract: Rumination has been consistently implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression. Less work has examined rumination in the context of bipolar disorder, especially rumination about positive emotion. The present study examined rumination about negative and positive emotion in interepisode bipolar disorder (BD; n = 39) and healthy controls (CTL; n = 34). Trait rumination about positive and negative emotion, as well as experiential and physiological responses to a rumination induction, was measured. Illness course was also assessed for the BD group. Results indicated that the BD group reported greater trait rumination about positive and negative emotion compared with the CTL group, though no group differences emerged during the rumination induction. For the BD group, trait rumination about positive and negative emotion, as well as increased cardiovascular arousal (i.e., heart rate), was associated with greater lifetime depression frequency; trait rumination about positive emotion was associated with greater lifetime mania frequency. These findings suggest that interepisode BD is associated with greater rumination about positive and negative emotion, which in turn is associated with illness course.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. june.gruber@yale.edu
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Polina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eidelman
authors.forename: Sheri L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Bailey
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Allison G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012119:Respiration; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult