title: Unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils significantly lower triglycerides and moderately affect cholesterol metabolism in male Syrian hamsters.
abstract: Unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils (RSOs) were examined for their lipid-modulating effects in male Syrian hamsters fed high-cholesterol (0.12% g/g), high-fat (9% g/g) diets. Hamsters fed the refined and the unrefined RSO diets had equivalently lower plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in comparison with the atherogenic coconut oil diet. The unrefined RSO treatment group did not differ in liver total and esterified cholesterol from the coconut oil-fed control animals, but the refined RSO resulted in significantly elevated liver total and esterified cholesterol concentrations. The unrefined RSO diets significantly lowered plasma triglycerides (46%; P=.0126) in comparison with the coconut oil diet, whereas the refined RSO only tended to lower plasma triglyceride (29%; P=.1630). Liver triglyceride concentrations were lower in the unrefined (46%; P=.0002) and refined (36%; P=.0005) RSO-fed animals than the coconut oil group, with the unrefined RSO diet eliciting a lower concentration than the soybean oil diet. Both RSOs demonstrated a null or moderate effect on cholesterol metabolism despite enrichment in linoleic acid, significantly lowering HDL cholesterol but not non-HDL cholesterol. Dramatically, both RSOs significantly reduced hypertriglyceridemia, most likely due to enrichment in α-linolenic acid. As a terrestrial source of α-linolenic acid, black RSOs, both refined and unrefined, provide a promising alternative to fish oil supplementation in management of hypertriglyceridemia, as demonstrated in hamsters fed high levels of dietary triglyceride and cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0806, USA.
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.forename: Kate A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wolford
authors.forename: Trevor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carden
authors.forename: Keum Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D006224:Cricetinae; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005511:Food Handling; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; D014280:Triglycerides; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol