title: Implementation methodology for interoperable personal health devices with low-voltage low-power constraints.
abstract: Traditionally, e-Health solutions were located at the point of care (PoC), while the new ubiquitous user-centered paradigm draws on standard-based personal health devices (PHDs). Such devices place strict constraints on computation and battery efficiency that encouraged the International Organization for Standardization/IEEE11073 (X73) standard for medical devices to evolve from X73PoC to X73PHD. In this context, low-voltage low-power (LV-LP) technologies meet the restrictions of X73PHD-compliant devices. Since X73PHD does not approach the software architecture, the accomplishment of an efficient design falls directly on the software developer. Therefore, computational and battery performance of such LV-LP-constrained devices can even be outperformed through an efficient X73PHD implementation design. In this context, this paper proposes a new methodology to implement X73PHD into microcontroller-based platforms with LV-LP constraints. Such implementation methodology has been developed through a patterns-based approach and applied to a number of X73PHD-compliant agents (including weighing scale, blood pressure monitor, and thermometer specializations) and microprocessor architectures (8, 16, and 32 bits) as a proof of concept. As a reference, the results obtained in the weighing scale guarantee all features of X73PHD running over a microcontroller architecture based on ARM7TDMI requiring only 168 B of RAM and 2546 B of flash memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain. miguel.martinezdeespronceda@unavarra.es
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Espronceda
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Led
authors.forename: Jesús Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Trigo
authors.forename: Asier
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzo
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escayola
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D008838:Microcomputers; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D057285:Precision Medicine; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards