title: Metabolic switching of human skeletal muscle cells in vitro.
abstract: In this review we will focus on external factors that may modify energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle cells (myotubes) and the ability of the myotubes to switch between lipid and glucose oxidation. We describe the metabolic parameters suppressibility, adaptability and substrate-regulated flexibility, and show the influence of nutrients such as fatty acids and glucose (chronic hyperglycemia), and some pharmacological agents modifying nuclear receptors (PPAR and LXR), on these parameters in human myotubes. Possible cellular mechanisms for changes in these parameters will also be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Thoresen
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Hessvik
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aas
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rustan
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D005947:Glucose