title: Selective autoretroperfusion preserves myocardial function during coronary artery ligation in swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  External pumps have been previously used to minimize edema and hemorrhage caused by coronary retroperfusion. The objective of this study was to use a pump-less approach (selective autoretroperfusion, SARP) to preserve myocardial function after acute coronary artery ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In five experimental pigs, the LAD artery was ligated distal to the first diagonal and retroperfusion was instituted for three hours from a brachiocephalic artery at 50 mmHg pressure through an adjustable occluder on the cannula. In eight control pigs, the LAD artery was ligated distal to the second diagonal for the same duration with no SARP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ECG showed more prominent S-T segment elevation in the untreated control group despite the more distal ligation. The degree of myocardial contraction was significantly attenuated in the control group but was largely preserved in the SARP treated group. The myocytes were well preserved in the SARP group with no rupture of venous microvessels. Myocyte edema and disruption was observed in the control group with only mild extracellular edema in the SARP treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SARP preserved myocardial function with no damage to the myocyte and venules during three hours of acute LAD ligation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sulkin
authors.forename: Anjan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Celina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Navia
authors.forename: Ghassan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kassab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome