title: Differential expression of antimicrobial peptides in active and latent tuberculosis and its relationship with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases, causing 1.8 million deaths annually worldwide. This problem has increased because of the association with human immmunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus type 2, mainly in developing countries. In the past few years it has been highlighted the significance of antimicrobial peptides in the immunopathogenesis of TB ex vivo and in experimental models studies. In this study we analyzed the expression of CAMP, DEFA1, DEFB4, and DEFB103A in patients with latent TB and progressive TB with and without comorbidity with diabetes mellitus type 2. Antimicrobial peptide gene expression increased during progressive TB, which could be used as a biomarker for reactivation. By contrast, patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have lower antimicrobial peptides gene expression, suggesting that the lack of its proper production in these patients contribute to enhance the risk for TB reactivation.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica, Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Curiel
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Delgado
authors.forename: Nallely
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lopez-Lopez
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Pando
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gandara-Jasso
authors.forename: Noe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macias-Segura
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enciso-Moreno
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivas-Santiago
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000097:blood*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D054804:Cathelicidins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D054804:Cathelicidins; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D023084:alpha-Defensins; D023083:beta-Defensins; C406413:human neutrophil peptide 1