title: Using ORA to explore the relationship of nursing unit communication to patient safety and quality outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used ORA, a dynamic network analysis tool, to identify patient care unit communication patterns associated with patient safety and quality outcomes. Although ORA had previously had limited use in healthcare, we felt it could effectively model communication on patient care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a survey methodology, we collected communication network data from nursing staff on seven patient care units on two different days. Patient outcome data were collected via a separate survey. Results of the staff survey were used to represent the communication networks for each unit in ORA. We then used ORA's analysis capability to generate communication metrics for each unit. ORA's visualization capability was used to better understand the metrics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified communication patterns that correlated with two safety (falls and medication errors) and three quality (e.g., symptom management, complex self care, and patient satisfaction) outcome measures. Communication patterns differed substantially by shift.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate the utility of ORA for healthcare research and the relationship of nursing unit communication patterns to patient safety and quality outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA. jeffken@nursing.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Effken
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carley
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gephart
authors.forename: Joyce A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verran
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reminga
authors.forename: Barbara B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Brewer
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012449:Safety; D012984:Software