title: Diagnosis and management of fetal growth restriction.
abstract: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Recent advances in ultrasound and Doppler have elucidated several mechanisms in the evolution of the disease. However, consistent classification and characterization regarding the severity of FGR is lacking. There is no cure, and management is reliant on a structured antenatal surveillance program with timely intervention. Hitherto, the time to deliver is an enigma. In this paper, the challenges in the diagnosis and management of FGR are discussed. The biophysical profile, Doppler, biochemical and molecular technologies that may refine management are reviewed. Finally, a model pathway for the clinical management of pregnancies complicated by FGR is presented.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, London Deanery, London WC1B 5DN, UK.
authors.forename: Jacqueline E A K
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bamfo
authors.forename: Anthony O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Odibo
mesh_terms: D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D057832:Watchful Waiting