title: Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes cornuatus (Acari: Ixodidae) inferred from COX1 and ITS2 sequences.
abstract: We inferred the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in ticks, which were identified morphologically as Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes cornuatus, from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences. We obtained COX1 (640bp) and ITS2 (527-568bp) sequences from 429 ticks from 49 localities in Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, Australia. Our analyses show that there are two species of Ixodes in eastern Australia that cause paralysis in dogs and other mammals: I. holocyclus and I. cornuatus. Further, we conclude that the morphological criteria used to differentiate female I. holocyclus and I. cornuatus are equivocal but I. holocyclus can be distinguished from I. cornuatus using COX1 and/or ITS2 sequences. Intraspecific genetic variation in I. holocyclus and I. cornuatus was less than 0.86% and 0.19% for COX1 and ITS2, respectively. Ixodes holocyclus could be genetically distinguished between different geographic ranges. There were no significant genetic differences between I.cornuatus from Tasmania and mainland Australia, but there are some COX1 haplotypes of I. cornuatus from the mainland that were not detected in Tasmanian and vice versa.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia. d.song@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Renfu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Atwell
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vankan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018884:Ixodes / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008322:Mammals; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV