title: Chronic intermittent hypoxia increases blood pressure and expression of FosB/DeltaFosB in central autonomic regions.
abstract: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) models repetitive bouts of arterial hypoxemia that occur in humans suffering from obstructive sleep apnea. CIH has been linked to persistent activation of arterial chemoreceptors and the renin-angiotensin system, which have been linked to chronic elevations of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Because Fos and FosB are transcription factors involved in activator protein (AP)-1 driven central nervous system neuronal adaptations, this study determined if CIH causes increased Fos or FosB staining in brain regions that regulate SNA and autonomic function. Male Sprague Dawley rats were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for continuous recording of MAP and heart rate (HR). Rats were exposed to continuous normoxia (CON) or to CIH for 8 h/day for 7 days. CIH increased MAP by 7-10 mmHg without persistently affecting HR. A separate group of rats was killed 1 day after 7 days of CIH for immunohistochemistry. CIH did not increase Fos staining in any brain region examined. Staining for FosB/ΔFosB was increased in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (CON: 9 ± 1; CIH: 34 ± 3 cells/section), subfornical organ (CON: 7 ± 2; CIH: 31 ± 3), median preoptic nucleus (CON 15 ± 1; CIH: 38 ± 3), nucleus of the solitary tract (CON: 9 ± 2; CIH: 28 ± 4), A5 (CON: 3 ± 1; CIH: 10 ± 1), and rostral ventrolateral medulla (CON: 5 ± 1; CIH: 17 ± 2). In the paraventricular nucleus, FosB/ΔFosB staining was located mainly in the dorsal and medial parvocellular subnuclei. CIH did not increase FosB/ΔFosB staining in caudal ventrolateral medulla or supraoptic nucleus. These data indicate that CIH induces an increase in FosB/ΔFosB in autonomic nuclei and suggest that AP-1 transcriptional regulation may contribute to stable adaptive changes that support chronically elevated SNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
authors.forename: W David
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Joel T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Flavia R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Carreno
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Toney
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Mifflin
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D013356:Subfornical Organ / Q000378:metabolism; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C483820:Fosb protein, rat; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos