title: Dietary intake and olfactory function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate energy and nutrient intake in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and association between olfaction and nutrient density of the diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven patients and 28 age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was assessed by using 3-day dietary records and 24-hour dietary recalls. The Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) was used to test olfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients, compared with controls, had lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.024) and a higher intake of carbohydrates (P = 0.027) in energy percent (E%). Lower intake of protein (E%) (P = 0.045), and a low nutrient density of folate (P = 0.022), magnesium (P = 0.012), and phosphorus (P = 0.029) were associated with lower B-SIT score in both patients and controls. PD patients had a lower B-SIT score than controls (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a higher relative contribution of energy from carbohydrates in PD patients. An association between low protein, folate, magnesium, and phosphorus density of the diet and olfaction was seen in the whole population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå, Sweden. emmaaden@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ådén
authors.forename: Maine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poortvliet
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenlund
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edström
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forsgren
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Håglin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D055696:Olfactory Perception; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus; D005492:Folic Acid; D008274:Magnesium