title: Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the associations between dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and incident prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1993 and September 2000, 38,343 men were randomized to the screening arm of the trial at one of 10 PLCO centers. A food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline assessed usual dietary intake over the preceding 12 months. Prostate cancer was ascertained by medical follow-up of suspicious screening results and annual mailed questionnaires and confirmed with medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the associations of carbohydrate, GI, and GL with prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (median = 9.2 years), 2,436 incident prostate cancers were identified among 30,482 eligible participants. Overall, there were no associations of baseline carbohydrate, GI, or GL with incident prostate cancer in minimally or fully adjusted models. There were no associations when the 228 advanced and 2,208 non-advanced cancers were analyzed separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary carbohydrate, GI, and GL were not associated with incident prostate cancer in PLCO. The narrow range of GI in this cohort may have limited our ability to detect associations, an issue that future studies should address.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Ave. S., MT 610, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. jshikany@dopm.uab.edu
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shikany
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: Cari M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Ann W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hsing
authors.forename: Tamra E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Willcox
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Redden
authors.forename: Regina G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates