title: Toll-like receptors as targets for immune disorders.
abstract: Since the identification of the first Toll-like receptor (TLR) in humans in 1997, understanding of the molecular basis for innate immunity has increased significantly. The TLR family and downstream signalling pathways have been extensively characterised, There is now significant evidence suggesting a role for TLRs in human inflammatory and immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, allergy/asthma and atherosclerosis. Various approaches have been taken to identify novel therapeutic agents targeting TLRs including biologics, small molecules and nucleic acid-based drugs. Several are now being evaluated in the clinic and showing promise against various diseases. This review paper outlines the recent advances in the understanding of TLR biology and highlights novel TLR agonists and antagonists in development for the treatment of immune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Opsona Therapeutics Ltd., Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James' Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. bkeogh@opsona.com
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051193:Toll-Like Receptors