title: Late proximal coronary artery stenosis complicating percutaneous endovascular catheterisation procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Late-onset proximal coronary artery stenosis caused by preceding percutaneous catheterisation procedures remains under-surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1993, all patients undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures and a second session within 3 years were included except those ever treated by coronary bypass surgery or chest radiotherapy during this 3-year period. Emergence of a new lesion or worsening of an initially insignificant lesion to >50% of diameter stenosis at the never-treated ostial/proximal coronary segment on the follow-up angiogram was defined as late coronary stenosis caused by the previous catheterisation procedure and was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 1993 to December 2005, 3240 patients who underwent 5025 procedures met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 23 patients experienced an event of late coronary artery stenosis (overall incidence 0.46%), and interventional procedures, specifically shaped catheters (Voda, XB, Amplatz Left) and atherosclerosis vulnerability correlated with risks of adverse events. Most of these events could be managed by contemporary medical, interventional, or surgical strategies, yet hazards of mortality and long-term restenosis still existed from this catheter-induced complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous catheterisation procedures could be complicated by late proximal coronary artery stenosis. Thus, when conducting these procedures, operators should select and manipulate catheters with caution, especially in patients with susceptible clinical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 160, Sec. 3, Chung-Kang Rd, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: W-L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K-Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: T-J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu