title: Fungal eye disease at a tertiary care center: the utility of routine inpatient consultation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hematogenous dissemination of fungus of the eyes can manifest as chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis. Early reports of this condition describe the prevalence to range from 10% to 40%; however, more recent studies have suggested a declining prevalence, presumably because of widespread use of prophylactic antifungal therapy and earlier diagnosis and treatment of systemic illness before ocular symptoms become apparent. This study estimates the current prevalence and microbial profile of fungal chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis among patients with positive fungal cultures at a tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 211 adult and pediatric inpatients with fungemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All inpatient consultations at our institution to evaluate for ocular involvement by fungal organisms from June 3, 2006, to September 3, 2009, were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence or absence of ocular lesions consistent with disseminated fungus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 211 patients (83 pediatric, 128 adult) had consult requests indicating concern for ocular fungal infection. More than 97% of these patients had at least 1 positive fungal culture. In decreasing order of frequency, the organisms identified were Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and others. More than 98% of all patients were receiving systemic antifungal therapy (average duration 6.5 days) at the time of examination. No pediatric patients and only 2 adult patients had positive findings (i.e., chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis); 1 of these 2 patients was able to verbalize symptoms and reported floaters and blurring, whereas the other patient was unable to verbalize. Visual symptoms were rare (3.5%) among patients with negative findings who could verbalize visual symptoms. Three adults had nonspecific fundus lesions that were considered inconsistent with chorioretinitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disseminated ocular fungal infection is rare in the current era of widespread prophylactic antifungal therapy. Less than 1% of patients in our study had ocular involvement from fungus, and no patients who were asymptomatic had involvement. We suggest that routine ophthalmic consultation on fungemic inpatients is not an efficient use of clinical resources; however, validation of these findings via a prospective study is desired.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. carey.dozier@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carey C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Dozier
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tarantola
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiramongkolchai
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Donahue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002825:Chorioretinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents