title: A novel microparticulate vaccine for melanoma cancer using transdermal delivery.
abstract: In this study, we formulated a microparticulate melanoma cancer vaccine via the transdermal route. The vaccine was delivered using microneedle-based Dermaroller® which is available for cosmetic purposes. Unlike subcutaneous injections, administration using microneedles is painless and in general can increase the permeability of many compounds ranging in size from small molecules to proteins and microparticles that do not normally penetrate the skin. The vaccine microparticles were taken up by the antigen presenting cells which demonstrated a strong IgG titre level of 930 ug/mL in serum samples. The formulation increased the immunogenicity of the vaccine by incorporating the antigen into an albumin matrix having a size range of around 0.63-1.4 µm which acted as a synthetic adjuvant. The animals were vaccinated with 1 prime and 4 booster doses administered every 14 days over 8 weeks duration, followed by challenge with live tumour cells which showed protection after transdermal vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Tuhin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bhowmik
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: Rangaiah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shashidharamurthy
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oettinger
authors.forename: Periasamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: D'Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G