title: Comparison of two tourniquets and determination of amikacin sulfate concentrations after metacarpophalangeal joint lavage performed simultaneously with intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether joint lavage performed simultaneously with IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) reduces the effectiveness of IVRLP and to compare 2 types of tourniquets used for this procedure in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 groups of 6 horses were tested by use of a pneumatic or an Esmarch tourniquet (1 horse was tested twice [once in each group]). Standing IVRLP with amikacin (500 mg) was performed for 30 minutes. Simultaneously, the metacarpophalangeal joint was lavaged with 2 L of lactated Ringer's solution and the egress fluids were collected. Samples of the distal interphalangeal joint synovial fluid and blood from the digital and jugular veins were collected at set time intervals. Amikacin concentrations in all fluids were determined via fluorescence polarization immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less amikacin was measured in the systemic circulation with the Esmarch tourniquet than with the pneumatic tourniquet. Amikacin concentrations in the synovial fluid from the distal interphalangeal joints of the Esmarch tourniquet group ranged from 45.1 to 1,968 μg/mL and in the pneumatic tourniquet group ranged from 1.7 to 92.3 μg/mL after 30 minutes of IVRLP. Total loss of amikacin in the egress fluids from the joint lavage ranged from < 1.36 to 7.72 mg for the Esmarch tourniquet group and from < 1.20 to 1.75 mg for the pneumatic tourniquet group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On standing horses, IVRLP performed simultaneously with joint lavage resulted in negligible loss of amikacin in the egress lavage fluids. The Esmarch tourniquet was more effective in preventing loss of amikacin from the distal portion of the limb, easier to use, and less expensive than the pneumatic tourniquet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. salkabes@me.com
authors.forename: Stephane B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Alkabes
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Kira C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Alkabes
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005552:Forelimb / Q000378:metabolism; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006736:Horses; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000378:metabolism; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000662:veterinary*; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000145:classification / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000583:Amikacin