title: Organic-soluble enzyme nano-complexes formed by ion-pairing with surfactants.
abstract: The solubilization of enzymes in organic solvents for non-aqueous biocatalysis has attracted considerable attention since the homogeneous distribution accounts for a drastically improved reaction efficiency compared to enzymes dispersed as aggregates in an organic phase. This chapter highlights ion-pairing as a valuable and facile method to make enzymes soluble in organic solvents. Ion-pairing denotes the formation of a nano-complex, in which a single enzyme molecule in the core is surrounded by counter-charged surfactant molecules. The special architecture of this nano-complex exposes the surfactant hydrophobic group toward the bulk solvent and renders the complex sufficiently soluble in organic media. This chapter also describes the underlying principle of ion-pairing as well as simple preparation and characterization techniques to yield highly active enzyme-surfactant nano-complexes. The general applicability of this technique is demonstrated on the base of the hydrolytic enzyme α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) and the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GO( x )).
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buthe
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001234:Aspergillus niger; D055162:Biocatalysis; D002417:Cattle; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002918:Chymotrypsin; C117608:alpha-chymotrypsin