title: Comparison of the VASP assay and platelet aggregometry in the evaluation of platelet P2Y12 receptor blockade.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been shown that incomplete blockade of platelet reactivity is a risk factor for future ischemic events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Despite these findings, there is yet no gold standard of platelet reactivity estimation. The 2 most commonly used methods in platelet testing are platelet aggregometry and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP) assay. They both showed the predictive value for future adverse events in cardiac patients; however, there are few data that compare these 2 methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the results of aggregometry (multi-electrode aggregometer [MEA]) and flow cytometric VASP assay used to determine platelet reactivity after the administration of P2Y12 receptor blockers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 17 healthy volunteers (12 men, 5 women; aged 41 ±10 years) and 12 patients (men, aged 62 ±12 years) with stable coronary artery disease treated with elective percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation. In volunteers, the blood was collected and tests were performed before and after 10-minute incubation with 5 nmol/l of cangrelol. In patients, the blood was collected for measurements before and after ingestion of 300 mg of clopidogrel. Aggregometry measurements included adenosine-diphosphate (ADP)-induced maximal aggregation (A(max)) and ADP-induced area under the aggregation curve (AUC). The platelet reactivity index (PRI) was determined using the VASP assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of cangrelor and clopidogrel was associated with a significant inhibition of platelet reactivity measured using the above methods. In both groups, the degree of inhibition was significantly greater when measured with the aggregation method compared with the VASP assay. The only significant coefficient of correlation between the VASP assay and aggregation results was observed in volunteers after platelet incubation with cangrelor (r= 0.81 between PRI and A(max), r = 0.68 between PRI and AUC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the VASP assay, ADP-induced platelet aggregation shows a greater ability to detect a decrease in platelet aggregation after P2Y12 antagonists. These tests are not interchangeable because they measure different aspects of the P2Y12 receptor blockade.
authors.affiliation: Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, ul. Szpitalna 2, Zabrze, Poland. wkuliczkowski@wp.pl
authors.forename: Wiktor
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuliczkowski
authors.forename: Błażej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rychlik
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiżyński
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watała
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golański
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; C117446:cangrelor; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine