title: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate the Swedish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), the FES(S), into Persian, and to determine reliability and validity of the scale to be used for Persian speaking elderly people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the FES(S) into Persian. A methodological study was then carried out to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale. Eighty-one community-dwelling elderly persons (≥65 years) were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both reliability and validity of the Persian FES(S) were found to be acceptable (Cronbach's α= 0.75, interclass correlation coefficients = 0.99, p < 0.001 and standard errors of measurements = 1.82). Low to moderate negative correlations of the total score of the scale with the age of the participants and number of falls in the past year were shown. There were also low to moderate correlations between the Persian FES(S) score and the Mini-Mental State Examination score, duration of walks and physical fitness. The participants who took a daily walk, felt healthy, reported no general tiredness and who had had no fall during the past year rated their self-efficacy higher than did their peers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study verified that the Persian FES(S) is a culturally relevant, valid and reliable tool for measuring self-perceived confidence in Iranian older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Division of Physiotherapy, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. zmosallanezhad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mosallanezhad
authors.forename: Mahyar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salavati
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Gholam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reza Sotoudeh
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nilsson Wikmar
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frändin
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014177:Translations