title: Minimum alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index below 50 in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for maintaining bispectral index (BIS) below 50 (MAC(BIS50) ) in children.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  MAC(BIS50) of sevoflurane in adults was reported to be 0.97%, which has not been elucidated in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, aged 1-8, were induced and anesthetized with sevoflurane in oxygen. After tracheal intubation, we started maintenance of anesthesia with endtidal sevoflurane concentrations of 2.6%. The endtidal sevoflurane concentration at which BIS was measured was predetermined by the up-down method (with 0.2% as a step size). After 10 min at predetermined endtidal sevoflurane concentrations, BIS was measured for 1 min. MAC(BIS50) was determined using Dixon's up-down method and probit test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAC(BIS50) of sevoflurane was 2.83% (95% confidence intervals: 2.70-3.14) in children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAC(BIS50) of sevoflurane in children was calculated to be three times as high as in adults. This indicates that high endtidal sevoflurane concentration is required to suppress electroencephalogram activity in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Shouhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satsumae
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: Takeru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane