title: Embelin reduces cutaneous TNF-α level and ameliorates skin edema in acute and chronic model of skin inflammation in mice.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of embelin on lipopolysachharide induced TNF-α production in mice and in human keratinocytes in vitro and also to study the effect of embelin on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), activation of myeloperoxidase and histological assessment were examined in acute and chronic skin inflammation using 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema. Embelin inhibited topical edema in the mouse ear, leading to substantial reductions in skin thickness and tissue weight, inflammatory cytokine production, neutrophil-mediated myeloperoxidase activity, and various histopathological indicators. Furthermore, embelin was effective at reducing inflammatory damage induced by chronic TPA exposure. Our data indicate that embelin has anti-inflammatory activities in both acute and chronic irritant contact dermatitis in vivo and this effect of embelin may be due, at least in part, to the inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α and to the subsequent blockade of leukocyte accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Research Center, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. kalyanmicro@hotmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kalyan Kumar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhamotharan
authors.forename: Nagaraj M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Mahamad Yunnus A
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mahat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunasekaran
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashfaque
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C010945:embelin