title: Cesarean section after induction of labor compared with expectant management: no added risk from gestational week 39.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare induction of labor and expectant management by gestational week with regard to the need for cesarean section (CS) in labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  National study based on the Danish Birth Registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aggregated data from 230 528 deliveries from 2004 until mid-year 2009. Women with cesarean section before labor, previous cesarean, preterm birth, breech presentation, multiple pregnancy and specified medical illnesses in pregnancy were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared by gestational week nulliparous and parous women who were either induced or had expectant management until later spontaneous or induced labor. For each of five comparisons, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis, controlling for body mass index, age, smoking in pregnancy and use of epidural analgesia during labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rate of CS in labor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From gestational week 39 and thereafter, there was no difference with regard to CS rates in labor among nulliparous and parous women when comparing women with induced labor and those women who waited for a later labor, either induced or spontaneous. The odds ratios (with confidence intervals) for CS in labor in nulliparous women were 0.99 (0.84-1.17), 1.16 (1.04-1.30), 1.04 (0.94-1.15), 1.00 (0.92-1.10) and 0.97 (0.88-1.07) for weeks 37-41, respectively. For parous women the corresponding figures were 1.72 (1.35-2.20), 1.27 (1.04-1.55), 1.15 (0.95-1.39), 1.18 (0.99-1.40) and 1.07 (0.87-1.32), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction of labor provides a sound tool when counseling a woman either going past term or presenting with a problem, even if it is not a severe medical illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Unit Vest, Herning, Denmark. olebr@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Ole Bredahl
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors