title: Haptoglobin polymorphism as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Taiwan has the highest incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Haptoglobin (Hp) has a role in renal protection, and there are known differences in the function of different Hp alleles. We aim to study the association between Hp genotype and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed one hospital-based, age-matched case-control study of 213 patients with CKD and 213 controls to evaluate the association between Hp polymorphism and CKD. Three major Hp genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to identify the associated risk factors for the development of CKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of Hp2-2 genotype and Hp(2) allele was significantly higher in the CKD group than in controls (p = 0.032 and 0.024, respectively). After adjustment for covariates, the Hp2-2 genotype (vs. Hp1-1; OR 3.841) remained significantly associated with the development of CKD, together with diabetes (OR 3.131), hypertension (OR 1.748) and dyslipidemia (OR 1.646).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This present study shows that Hp2-2 genotype is an independent risk factor for CKD. Determination of the Hp genotype may be of potential value to the prediction of genetic risk for CKD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chih-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hsien-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chi-Chia
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Yu-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: C485359:HP protein, human; D006242:Haptoglobins