title: Declining HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal care in Pune, India.
abstract: A declining prevalence of HIV among young women has been reported by the public sector implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes, sentinel surveillance sites and research institutions in India. However, there are no reports evaluating such trends from the private healthcare sector. This study is a retrospective analysis of data collected by PRAYAS as a part of the PMTCT programme at Sane Guruji Hospital (SGH), a secondary care hospital in Pune, India. Women attending the antenatal clinic at SGH were screened for HIV following a group counselling session, with an option to opt out. Between January 2003 and March 2008, the overall HIV prevalence was 111/17 578 (0.6%, 95% CI 0.5-0.7%). The HIV prevalence among antenatal women was 1.1% in 2003 and 0.2% in 2008 (i.e. 82% decline in HIV prevalence over the 5-year period) and the odds ratio (OR) of HIV prevalence declined by 0.24 per year from 2003 to March 2008 (OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.87; P<0.001). The risk of having HIV infection was significantly higher in women aged ≥ 24 years and those who were uneducated. To our knowledge, this is the first report from any private sector health system in India documenting a declining HIV prevalence among antenatal women. Characterising the risk profile of this small percentage of at-risk women will help in planning prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: PRAYAS, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupte
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parchure
authors.forename: Shrinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darak
authors.forename: Sanjeevani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D055815:Young Adult