title: Effect of dietary fiber intake on breast cancer risk according to estrogen and progesterone receptor status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is few data on the association between dietary fiber intake and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-defined breast cancer risk. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between total dietary fiber and dietary fiber fractions intake and breast cancer risk by ER and PR status in a hospital-based case-control study among Chinese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and thirty-eight cases with primary breast cancer were consecutively recruited from June 2007 to August 2008 and frequency matched to 438 controls by age (5-year interval) and residence (rural/urban). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary intake through a face-to-face interview. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for various potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant inverse association was found between total dietary fiber and fiber fractions intake and breast cancer risk. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of intake were 0.31 (0.20-0.47) for total dietary fiber, 0.73 (0.48-1.11) for soy fiber, 0.48 (0.22-0.97) for vegetable fiber and 0.54 (0.31-0.92) for fruit fiber. No association was observed for cereal fiber intake and risk. An inverse association between dietary fiber intake and breast cancer risk was observed in ER+, ER-, PR+, ER+PR+ and ER-PR+ tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that consumption of total dietary fiber and fiber from vegetable and fruit was inversely associated with breast cancer risk. These inverse associations were more prominent in some subtypes of ER and PR breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research and Promotion of Women's Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: C-X
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: S-Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: F-Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044466:Asian People; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004043:Dietary Fiber; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone