title: Metabolic syndrome and dietary components are associated with coronary artery disease risk score in free-living adults: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in developed countries, and diet and lifestyle can influence CAD incidence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of coronary artery disease risk score with dietary, anthropometric and biochemical components in adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program.
  
  
  METHODS
  362 adults (96 men, 266 women, 53.9 ± 9.4 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria by presenting all the required data. The Framingham score was calculated and the IV Brazilian Guideline on Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis was adopted for classification of the CAD risks. Anthropometric assessments included waist circumference (WC), body fat and calculated BMI (kg/m2) and muscle-mass index (MMI kg/m2). Dietary intake was estimated through 24 h dietary recall. Fasting blood was used for biochemical analysis. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was diagnosed using NCEP-ATPIII (2001) criteria. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of CAD risks according to the altered components of MS, dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a sample with a BMI 28.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2 the association with lower risk (<10% CAD) were lower age (<60 years old), and plasma values of uric acid. The presence of MS within low, intermediary, and high CAD risk categories was 30.8%, 55.5%, and 69.8%, respectively. The independent risk factors associated with CAD risk score was MS and uric acid, and the protective factors were recommended intake of saturated fat and fiber and muscle mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recommended intake of saturated fat and dietary fiber, together with proper muscle mass, are inversely associated with CAD risk score. On the other hand, the presence of MS and high plasma uric acid are associated with CAD risk score.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutritional and Physical Exercise Metabolism, UNESP School of Medicine, Public Health Department, Botucatu City, São Paulo State; Brazil. burini@fmb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Mauro Massao
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Erick Prado
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ana Lygia Rochitti
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Lidiane Affonso
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Souza Dantas
authors.forename: Franz Homero Paganini
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Burini
authors.forename: Kátia Cristina
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Portero-McLellan
authors.forename: Roberto Carlos
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burini