title: Independence centrality as a moderator of the effects of spousal support on patient well-being and physical functioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examined whether the benefits of spousal assistance for patient well-being and physical functioning depend on the fit between amount of assistance provided and the personal importance of completing activities independently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee were assessed for independence centrality, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy for managing pain, and physical functioning (N = 159 to 230). Spouses reported the amount of support provided with daily tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As predicted, moderation analyses indicated that spousal support was associated with greater self-efficacy for managing pain in patients with low independence centrality, but was not associated with self-efficacy in patients with high independence centrality. Also consistent with our hypotheses, spousal support was associated with greater depressive symptoms and slower walk time in patients with high independence centrality, but there were no effects of spouse support on these outcomes for patients with low independence centrality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate the implications of miscarried spousal support for patient well-being and physical functioning, and they suggest a means of tailoring couple-oriented interventions for chronic illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. lmm51@psu.edu
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Martire
authors.forename: Mary Ann Parris
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000523:psychology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000523:psychology*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*