title: Unfair treatment is associated with poor sleep in African American and Caucasian adults: Pittsburgh SleepSCORE project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the association between self-reported unfair treatment and objective and self-reported sleep characteristics in African American and Caucasian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 97 African American and 113 Caucasian middle-aged adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed: (a) two-night in-home, polysomnography (PSG) sleep study, (b) sleep diaries and actigraph assessments across 9 days and nights, and (c) self-report measures of sleep quality in the past month, and daytime sleepiness in the past 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater unfair treatment was associated with reports of poorer self-reported sleep quality and greater daytime sleepiness, shorter sleep duration, and lower sleep efficiency as measured by actigraphy and PSG, and a smaller proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Racial/ethnic differences were few. Exploratory analyses showed that nightly worry partially mediated the associations of unfair treatment with sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep efficiency (actigraphy), and proportion of REM sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceptions of unfair treatment are associated with sleep disturbances in both African American and Caucasian adults. Future studies are needed to identify the pathways that account for the association between unfair treatment and sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA. dlbeatty@umbc.edu
authors.forename: Danielle L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.forename: Martica H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Kamarck
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: Jane F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mezick
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Strollo
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D017286:Polysomnography; D011287:Prejudice; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*