title: Comparison of subjective and objective assessments of outcome after traumatic brain injury using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to examine two aspects of outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Functional outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOSE) and by clinician ratings, while health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed by the Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The GOSE and the QOLIBRI were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to analyse their content. Functional outcome on ICF categories was assessed by rehabilitation clinicians in 55 participants with TBI and was compared to the participants' own judgements of their HRQoL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The QOLIBRI was linked to 42 and the GOSE to 57 two-level ICF categories covering 78% of the categories on the ICF brief core set for TBI. The closest agreement in the views of the professionals and the participants was found on the Physical Problems and Cognition scales of the QOLIBRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The problems encountered after TBI are well covered by the QOLIBRI and the GOSE. They capture important domains that are not traditionally sufficiently documented, especially in the domains of interpersonal relationships, social and leisure activities, self and the environment. The findings indicate that they are useful and complementary outcome measures for TBI. In rehabilitation, they can serve as tools in assessment, setting meaningful goals and creating therapeutic alliance.
authors.affiliation: Käpylä Rehabilitation Centre, Helsinki, Finland. sannakos@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: Eeva-Maija
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hokkinen
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarajuuri
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Von Steinbüchel
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Truelle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult