title: The oligosaccharide α-cyclodextrin has modest effects to slow gastric emptying and modify the glycaemic response to sucrose in healthy older adults.
abstract: In healthy older subjects, the glycaemic response to carbohydrate-containing meals is dependent on gastric emptying and intestinal absorption; when the latter is slowed, the magnitude of the rise in glucose is attenuated. The oligosaccharide α-cyclodextrin has been reported to diminish the glycaemic response to starch in young adults; this effect has been attributed to the inhibition of pancreatic amylase. We examined the effects of α-cyclodextrin on gastric emptying of, and the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to, oral sucrose in healthy older subjects; as sucrose is hydrolysed by intestinal disaccharides, any effect(s) of α-cyclodextrin would not be attributable to amylase inhibition. A total of ten subjects (seven males and three females, age 68-76 years) were studied on 2 d. Gastric emptying, blood glucose and serum insulin were measured after ingestion of a 300 ml drink containing 100 g sucrose, labelled with (99m)Tc-sulphur colloid, with or without 10 g α-cyclodextrin. Gastric emptying was slowed slightly by α-cyclodextrin; this effect was evident between 135 and 195 min and was associated with a slight increase (P < 0·05) in distal stomach retention. After α-cyclodextrin, blood glucose was slightly less (P < 0·05) at 60 min, and serum insulin was less (P < 0·0005) at 90 and 120 min. There was no difference in the incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) for blood glucose, but there was a trend for the iAUC for serum insulin to be lower (P = 0·09) after α-cyclodextrin. We conclude that in a dose of 10 g, α-cyclodextrin has modest effects to slow gastric emptying of, and modify the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to, oral sucrose, probably due to delayed intestinal carbohydrate absorption.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gentilcore
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanis
authors.forename: Jasmine C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wishart
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D013667:Technetium; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; D013667:Technetium; C032613:alpha-cyclodextrin