title: Phenol and phenolics from lignocellulosic biomass by catalytic microwave pyrolysis.
abstract: Catalytic microwave pyrolysis of biomass using activated carbon was investigated to determine the effects of pyrolytic conditions on the yields of phenol and phenolics. The high concentrations of phenol (38.9%) and phenolics (66.9%) were obtained at the temperature of 589 K, catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 3:1 and retention time of 8 min. The increase of phenol and its derivatives compared to pyrolysis without catalysts has a close relationship with the decomposition of lignin under the performance of activated carbon. The concentration of esters was also increased using activated carbon as a catalyst. The high content of phenols obtained in this study can be used either directly as fuel after upgrading or as feedstock of bio-based phenols for chemical industry.
authors.affiliation: Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Hanwu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Shoujie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holladay
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Juming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002384:Catalysis; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D009821:Oils / Q000032:analysis; D019800:Phenol / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D009821:Oils; C036909:lignocellulose; D019800:Phenol; D008031:Lignin