title: Utilizing computed tomography scans for analysis of motorcycle helmets in real-world crashes - biomed 2011.
abstract: In 2008, there were more than 5,000 motorcycle crash fatalities in the United States. Many states have motorcycle helmet laws that are meant to protect riders during a crash. After recruiting motorcycle occupants injured in crashes, a protocol was established to scan three different types of motorcycle helmets commonly worn (cap, ¾ shield, and full face shield) using a computed tomography (CT) scanner. The protocol developed was for a GE 64 slice PET/CT Discovery VCT scanner with axial images from anterior to posterior helmet acquired in helical mode. It had 512x512 resolution and the full face and ¾ face shield helmets were scanned with greater voxels in the axial plane compared to the skull cap helmets. New helmets were scanned as exemplary images for comparison with helmets involved in motorcycle crashes. After CT scans were gathered, three-dimensional reconstructions were made to visualize scratches and impacts to the exterior of the helmets. Initial work was also conducted in analyzing interior components, and a trend was seen in decreased thickness between the interior foam and shell with sides of the exterior helmet thought to have contacted roadside barriers or the ground during motorcycle crashes. These helmet analysis methods have been established, and will be used to investigate multiple motorcycle crashes in conjunction with occupant injuries and direct head impacts to improve helmet design and the understanding of head injuries. This work also establishes the basis for development of finite element models of three of the most common helmet types.
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Tech - Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Loftis
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Hampton C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gabler
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stitzel