title: Early transcriptional defense responses in Arabidopsis cell suspension culture under high-light conditions.
abstract: The early transcriptional defense responses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell suspension culture (ACSC), containing functional chloroplasts, were examined at high light (HL). The transcriptional analysis revealed that most of the ROS markers identified among the 449 transcripts with significant differential expression were transcripts specifically up-regulated by singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)). On the contrary, minimal correlation was established with transcripts specifically up-regulated by superoxide radical or hydrogen peroxide. The transcriptional analysis was supported by fluorescence microscopy experiments. The incubation of ACSC with the (1)O(2) sensor green reagent and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate showed that the 30-min-HL-treated cultures emitted fluorescence that corresponded with the production of (1)O(2) but not of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the in vivo photodamage of the D1 protein of photosystem II indicated that the photogeneration of (1)O(2) took place within the photosystem II reaction center. Functional enrichment analyses identified transcripts that are key components of the ROS signaling transduction pathway in plants as well as others encoding transcription factors that regulate both ROS scavenging and water deficit stress. A meta-analysis examining the transcriptional profiles of mutants and hormone treatments in Arabidopsis showed a high correlation between ACSC at HL and the fluorescent mutant family of Arabidopsis, a producer of (1)O(2) in plastids. Intriguingly, a high correlation was also observed with ABA deficient1 and more axillary growth4, two mutants with defects in the biosynthesis pathways of two key (apo)carotenoid-derived plant hormones (i.e. abscisic acid and strigolactones, respectively). ACSC has proven to be a valuable system for studying early transcriptional responses to HL stress.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 37071 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-Pérez
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osuna
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dopazo
authors.forename: Óscar
authors.initials: Ó
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Revuelta
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Arellano
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide