title: Auditory and vestibular defects induced by experimental labyrinthitis following herpes simplex virus in mice.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Our herpes simplex virus (HSV) labyrinthitis mouse model suggests that HSV infection induces vestibular neuritis and sudden deafness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Viral labyrinthitis has been postulated to play a role in vestibular neuritis and sudden deafness. We established a mouse model to investigate the pathogenesis of HSV-induced labyrinthitis. The relationship between HSV infection and apoptosis in the labyrinth was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  HSV types 1 and 2 were inoculated into the middle ear of mice, and the function of the cochlear and vestibular nerves was assessed. Histopathological changes were examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Anti-HSV immunohistochemistry staining and TUNEL staining were done to investigate the relationship between HSV-infected cells and apoptotic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction were observed in all mice after inoculation of HSV type 1 or 2. In the cochlear duct, columnar epithelial cells in the stria vascularis were infected with HSV, but only a portion of the infected cells underwent apoptosis. In contrast, many uninfected cells in the spiral organ of Corti were apoptotic. Vestibular dysfunction was observed when vestibular ganglion cells were largely infected, but not apoptotic. These findings recapitulate sudden deafness and vestibular neuritis described in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology , Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goshima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shuta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katsumi
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabaya
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashiba
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003051:Cochlea / Q000473:pathology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D003639:Hearing Loss, Sudden / Q000209:etiology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics; D007762:Labyrinthitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D014725:Vestibular Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020338:Vestibular Neuronitis / Q000209:etiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral