title: Effect of fluctuating soil humidity on in situ bioavailability and degradation of atrazine.
abstract: This study elucidates the effect of fluctuating soil moisture on the co-metabolic degradation of atrazine (6-chloro-N(2)-ethyl-N(4)-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in soil. Degradation experiments with (14)C-ring-labelled atrazine were carried out at (i) constant (CH) and (ii) fluctuating soil humidity (FH). Temperature was kept constant in all experiments. Experiments under constant soil moisture conditions were conducted at a water potential of -15 kPa and the sets which were run under fluctuating soil moisture conditions were subjected to eight drying-rewetting cycles where they were dried to a water potential of around -200 kPa and rewetted to -15 kPa. Mineralization was monitored continuously over a period of 56d. Every two weeks the pesticide residues in soil pore water (PW), the methanol-extractable pesticide residues, the non-extractable residues (NER), and the total cell counts were determined. In the soil with FH conditions, mineralization of atrazine as well as the formation of the intermediate product deisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine was increased compared to the soil with constant humidity. In general, we found a significant correlation between the formation of this metabolite and atrazine mineralization. The cell counts were not different in the two experimental variants. These results indicate that the microbial activity was not a limiting factor but the mineralization of atrazine was essentially controlled by the bioavailability of the parent compound and the degradation product deisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
authors.forename: Anastasiah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ngigi
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dörfler
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scherb
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Getenga
authors.forename: Hamadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boga
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schroll
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006813:Humidity; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001280:Atrazine