title: Preparation and characterization of novel crown ether functionalized ionic liquid-based solid-phase microextraction coatings by sol-gel technology.
abstract: A novel crown ether functionalized ionic liquid (IL), 1-allyl-3-(6'-oxo-benzo-15-crown-5 hexyl) imidazolium hexafluorophosphate was synthesized and used as selective stationary phase to prepare task-specific IL-based solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers by sol-gel method and free radical cross-linking technology. The underlying mechanism of the sol-gel reaction was proposed and the successful chemical bonding of the crown ether functionalized IL to the formed hybrid organic-inorganic copolymer coating was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The performance of this in situ created crown ether functionalized IL-based SPME fibers, was investigated in detail. The coating has porous surface structure, stable performance in high temperature (to 340 °C) and in different solutions (water, organic solvent, acid and alkali), and good coating preparation reproducibility. In contrast to the sol-gel derived 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate-based coating prepared in our previous work with the identical procedure, the extraction performance of this newly developed sol-gel crown ether functionalized IL-based coating was superior for alcohols, phthalate esters, phenolic environmental estrogens, fatty acids and aromatic amines due to the introduction of benzo-15-crown-5 functional group in IL structure. Moreover, it was shown to provide higher or comparable extraction efficiencies for most analytes studied than did the commercial PDMS, PDMS/DVB and PA fibers.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Peng-fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bei-bei
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Han-lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiong-han
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D043844:Crown Ethers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry; D044367:Phase Transition; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D043844:Crown Ethers; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D009757:Nylons; C085707:poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyamide copolymer