title: Comparison of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying to control the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh.
abstract: Integrated vector management is a pillar of the South Asian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination program, but the best approach remains a matter of debate. Sand fly seasonality was determined in 40 houses sampled monthly. The impact of interventions on Phlebotomus argentipes density was tested from 2006-2007 in a cluster-randomized trial with four arms: indoor residual spraying (IRS), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), environmental management (EVM), and no intervention. Phlebotomus argentipes density peaked in March with the highest proportion of gravid females in May. The EVM (mud plastering of wall and floor cracks) showed no impact. The IRS and ITNs were associated with a 70-80% decrease in male and female P. argentipes density up to 5 months post intervention. Vector density rebounded by 11 months post-IRS, whereas ITN-treated households continued to show significantly lower density compared with households without intervention. Our data suggest that both IRS and ITNs may help to improve VL control in Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India. rajib478@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dotson
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Blackstock
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: Narayan P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Maheswary
authors.forename: Shyla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Saiful
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Tangin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akter
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kroeger
authors.forename: Shireen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001459:Bangladesh; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D057147:Mosquito Nets; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides