title: [Smokers develop a nasal obstruction in supine position].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We found in a previous study a healthy non-smoker nose does not develop obstruction lying in supine position . We examined whether a designated smoker nose behaves consistently.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 healthy young smokers participated. The daily consumption was Ø 21 cigarettes. 9 test positions have been realized. Acoustic rhinometry was used for the estimation of nasal volumes and the nasal minimum cross-sectional areas as parameters for nasal respiration. Additionally, blood pressure and heart rate were measured to control the cardiovascular behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total nasal volume decreased significantly lying down. Only one third of the volunteers noticed this obstruction. Going upstairs all measured parameters increased. 2 min later all rhinometric parameters, the diastolic blood pressure and heart rate had reached its baseline level. Systolic blood pressure took about 4 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cigarette smoke-induced nasal obstruction can be demonstrated during supine position using the acoustic rhinometry. One third of smokers noted a deterioration of nasal breathing. During stairs climbing the sympathic tone is increasing followed by nasal decongestion, raised blood pressure and heart rate. If smokers complaint of nasal obstruction in lying position - whether alert or during sleep - it is advisable to lift the bed-head. In medium term a therapy of chronic rhinitis with topical corticosteroids, in longer term a smoking cessation is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Uniklinikum, HNO-Klinik, Jena. hilmar.gudziol@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gudziol
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadeler
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guntinas-Lichius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult