title: Two-component systems and their co-option for eukaryotic signal transduction.
abstract: Two-component signaling pathways involve histidine kinases, response regulators, and sometimes histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins. Prevalent in prokaryotes, these signaling elements have also been co-opted to meet the needs of signal transduction in eukaryotes such as fungi and plants. Here we consider the evolution of such regulatory systems, with a particular emphasis on the roles they play in signaling by the plant hormones cytokinin and ethylene, in phytochrome-mediated perception of light, and as integral components of the circadian clock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. george.e.schaller@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: G Eric
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: Shin-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shiu
authors.forename: Judith P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Armitage
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D055537:Light Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010944:Plants; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003583:Cytokinins; D005030:Ethylenes; C036216:ethylene; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase