title: Excitatory amplification through divergent-convergent circuits: the role of the midline thalamus in limbic seizures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The midline thalamic nuclei are an important component of limbic seizures. Although the anatomic connections and excitatory influences of the midline thalamus are well known, its physiological role in limbic seizures is unclear. We examined the role of the midline thalamus on two circuits that are involved in limbic seizures: (a) the subiculum-prefrontal cortex (SB-PFC), and (b) the piriform cortex-entorhinal cortex (PC-EC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Evoked field potentials for both circuits were obtained in anesthetized rats, and the likely direct monosynaptic and polysynaptic contributions to the responses were identified. Seizures were generated in both circuits by 20 Hz stimulus trains. Once stable seizures and evoked potentials were established, the midline thalamus was inactivated through an injection of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), and the effects on the evoked responses and seizures were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inactivation of the midline thalamus suppressed seizures in both circuits. Seizure suppression was associated with a significant reduction in the late thalamic component but no significant change in the early direct monosynaptic component. Injections that did not suppress the seizures did not alter the evoked potentials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suppression of the late thalamic component of the evoked potential at the time of seizure suppression suggests that the thalamus facilitates seizure induction by extending the duration of excitatory drive through a divergent-convergent excitatory amplification system. This work may have broader implications for understanding signaling in the limbic system.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Charlottesville 22901, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Dexing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bertram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008032:Limbic System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D020644:Midline Thalamic Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*