title: Medical record information disclosure laws and policies among selected countries; a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hospitals have responsibility for responding to legitimate demands for release of health information while protecting the confidentiality of the patient health records. There have always been challenges concerning medical records confidentiality and their disclosure and release type in medical record departments. This study investigated and compared laws and policies of disclosure of health information in Iran and selected countries and tried to identify the differences and the similarities between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive and comparative study. The scope of study included related laws and policies of disclosure of health information in selected countries such as United States, Australia, England, Malaysia and Iran. Data were gathered from systematic internet search, library resources and communication with health information professionals. Data analysis was done using comparative tables and qualitative method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study results showed that legislative institutions of each country have ordained laws and policies concerning disclosure and release of health information and in turn hospitals developed policies and procedures based on these laws. In Iran, however, there are few laws and policies concerning disclosure of health information in the form of formal letters and bylaws. There are no specific written policies and procedures for disclosure of health information in the hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to develop legitimate and appropriate laws and policies in different levels for information utilization by hospitals, medical universities and others. Meanwhile in all of the selected countries there are ordained limitations for release of health information for protecting health information in regard to patient rights.
authors.affiliation: Health Management and Economic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yarmohammadian
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Raeisi
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Leila Ghaderi
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Nansa