title: Involvement of ligninolytic enzymes and Fenton-like reaction in humic acid degradation by Trametes sp.
abstract: Trametes sp. M23, isolated from biosolids compost was found to decompose humic acids (HA). A low N (LN) medium (C/N, 53) provided suitable conditions for HA degradation, whereas in a high N (HN) medium (C/N, 10), HA was not degraded. In the absence of Mn(2+), HA degradation was similar to that in Mn(2+)-containing medium. In contrast, MnP activity was significantly affected by Mn(2+). Laccase activity exhibited a negative correlation to HA degradation, while LiP activity was not detected. Thus, ligninolytic enzymes activity could provide only a partial explanation for the HA-degradation mechanism. The decolorization of two dyes, Orange II and Brilliant Blue R250, was also determined. Similar to HA degradation, under LN conditions, decolorization occurred independently of the presence of Mn(2+). We investigated the possible involvement of a Fenton-like reaction in HA degradation. The addition of DMSO, an OH-radical scavenger, to LN media resulted in a significant decrease in HA bleaching. The rate of extracellular Fe(3+) reduction was much higher in the LN vs. HN medium. In addition, the rate of reduction was even higher in the presence of HA in the medium. In vitro HA bleaching in non-inoculated media was observed with H(2)O(2) amendment to a final concentration of 200 mM (obtained by 50 mM amendments for 4 days) and Fe(2+) (36 mM). After 4 days of incubation, HA decolorization was similar to the biological treatment. These results support our hypothesis that a Fenton-like reaction is involved in HA degradation by Trametes sp. M23.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Tzafrir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grinhut
authors.forename: Tomer Meir
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Salame
authors.forename: Yona
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yitzhak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hadar
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D005959:Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006812:Humic Substances; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D055454:Trametes / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D003067:Coenzymes; D003470:Culture Media; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006812:Humic Substances; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D008345:Manganese; D005959:Glucosidases; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue; C014722:2-naphthol orange