title: A protocol for monitoring soft tissue motion under compression garments during drop landings.
abstract: This study used a single-subject design to establish a valid and reliable protocol for monitoring soft tissue motion under compression garments during drop landings. One male participant performed six 40 cm drop landings onto a force platform, in three compression conditions (none, medium high). Five reflective markers placed on the thigh under the compression garment and five over the garment were filmed using two cameras (1000 Hz). Following manual digitisation, marker coordinates were reconstructed and their resultant displacements and maximum change in separation distance between skin and garment markers were calculated. To determine reliability of marker application, 35 markers were attached to the thigh over the high compression garment and filmed. Markers were then removed and re-applied on three occasions; marker separation and distance to thigh centre of gravity were calculated. Results showed similar ground reaction forces during landing trials. Significant reductions in the maximum change in separation distance between markers from no compression to high compression landings were reported. Typical errors in marker movement under and over the garment were 0.1mm in medium and high compression landings. Re-application of markers showed mean typical errors of 1mm in marker separation and <3mm relative to thigh centre of gravity. This paper presents a novel protocol that demonstrates sufficient sensitivity to detect reductions in soft tissue motion during landings in high compression garments compared to no compression. Additionally, markers placed under or over the garment demonstrate low variance in movement, and the protocol reports good reliability in marker re-application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Spinnaker Building, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2 ER, United Kingdom. chris.mills@port.ac.uk
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scurr
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003020:Clothing; D003654:Deceleration; D004581:Electronics; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013784:Textiles