title: Organochlorine compound residues in the eggs of broad-snouted caimans (Caiman latirostris) and correlation with measures of reproductive performance.
abstract: Organochlorine compounds (OCCs), like pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are persistent lipophilic chemicals classified as endocrine-disruptors. Caiman latirostris inhabits wetlands throughout north-eastern Argentina and may accumulate OCCs. The aims of this study were to determine OCC residues in the eggs of C. latirostris and to correlate OCC burden with clutch size, hatching success and hatchling survival as measures of reproductive performance. Fourteen caiman clutches were harvested from sites with different degrees of anthropogenic intervention on wetlands surrounding Paraná River tributaries. Two to four eggs by clutch were used to quantify OCCs. OCP residues were found in all clutches. The principal contributors to the OCPs burden were the DDT family (range BDL-153.0 ng g(-1) lipid) and oxychlordane (range BDL-34.3 ng g(-1) lipid). PCBs were present in 92.9% of the clutches (range BDL-136.6 ng g(-1) lipid). Both higher concentrations and higher diversity of pesticides, including endosulfan sulfate, were found in the nests harvested close to croplands. A negative correlation was found between clutch size and ∑OCCs (p=0.02, Pearson r=-0.53, r(2)=0.28), mainly due to the ∑OCPs (p=0.04, Pearson r=-0.54, r(2)=0.30). Since egg OCCs concentrations predict maternal burden, present findings suggest that higher OCCs exposure could lead to smaller clutches. Although, other factors like mother age could influence clutch size. Additionally, as caimans are a long-lived and non-migratory species, the maternal OCCs burden reflects the environmental status throughout their home range; thus, caiman eggs could be useful as a biomonitor of local contamination.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Endocrinology and Hormone-dependent Tumors, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stoker
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Repetti
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zayas
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Galoppo
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Beldoménico
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-de-Toro
mesh_terms: D000489:Alligators and Crocodiles; D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls