title: [Risk factors and prevalence of asthma and rhinitis among primary school children in Lisbon].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of identifying nutrition habits and housing conditions as risk factors for respiratory problems in schoolchildren in Lisbon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October and December 2008, parents of 900 students of the basic schools of Lisbon were invited to answer a questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Program (ISAAC). The response rate was 40%. Logistic regression was used in the analysis of results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and wheeze was 5.6%, 43.0% and 43.3%, respectively. Risk factors independently associated with asthma were wheezing attacks, and dry cough at night not related to common cold in the last 12 months. Wheezing crises were found to affect children daily activities. Risk factors for wheeze were hay fever and the presence of a pet at home. A risk factor for rhinitis was cough at night. The frequent consumption of egg was also associated with increased risk of rhinitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrarily to asthma, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and wheeze increased in comparison with previous ISAAC studies. Wheezing attacks were associated with asthma and hay fever was identified as a risk factor of manifesting wheezing symptoms. Having pets at home was pointed out as a significant risk factor for rhinitis, but not smoking exposure, mould, plush toys, diet (except egg consumption), breastfeeding or other conditions.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. priscillapegas@ua.pt
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Pegas
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Scotto
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Evtyugina
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pio
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Freitas
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D015995:Prevalence; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014504:Urban Health