title: Mycobacterial heparin-binding haemagglutinin adhesion-induced interferon & antibody for detection of tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mycobacterial heparin-binding haemagglutinin adhesin (HBHA) plays an important role in humoral and cellular immune response and is a potential diagnostic tool for tuberculosis (TB) serodiagnosis. This study was carried out to assess the usefulness of HBHA in TB clinics for differential diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB (PTB, EPTB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 165 outpatients and 133 healthy volunteers were included to investigate the role of HBHA in TB diagnosis including the serodiagnostic tests and the interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs). The healthy volunteers were all without BCG vaccination including 73 subjects with purified protein derivative (PPD) (-) and 60 ones with PPD (+) (that is P-B- and P+B-). Of all the 165 outpatients 77 were PTB and 88 were EPTB. HBHA protein was used for serodiagnostic tests and IGRAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBHA-specific antibody levels in the serum of healthy subjects were significantly different from the patients with PTB or EPTB (P<0.05). HBHA specific antibody levels in PTB patients could differentiate from EPTB with limited sensitivity (77.08%; 95%CI, 62.69 to 87.97%) and specificity (87.50%; 95%CI, 74.75 to 95.27%). IFN-γ levels in the healthy (P+B- and P-B-) groups were significantly different (P<0.01) with a detection sensitivity of 84.8% (95%CI, 68.54 to 93.02%) and specificity of 80.7% (95%CI, 65.22 to 92.62%). The PTB and EPTB subjects showed no difference in IFN-γ production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBHA serodiagnostic test with IGRAs had the limited potential for use as auxiliary tools for the differential diagnosis of PTB and EPTB, since both methods showed low sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology & Immunology, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhaogang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Xuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chuanyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D037102:Lectins; C104578:heparin-binding hemagglutinin; D007371:Interferon-gamma