title: Trends in hospitalizations with antibiotic-resistant infections: U.S., 1997-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antibiotic resistance is a significant global problem, but the trends in prevalence and impact of antibiotic resistance in hospitalizations in the United States are unclear. We evaluated the trends in hospitalizations associated with antibiotic-resistant infections in U.S. hospitals from 1997 to 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) during 1997-2006 (unweighted n = 3.3 million hospitalizations; weighted n = 370.3 million hospitalizations) and examined trends in prevalence of hospitalizations with antibiotic-resistant infections, length of stay, and discharge status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of infection-related hospitalizations with antibiotic resistance increased 359% during the 10-year period, from 37,005 in 1997 to 169,985 in 2006. The steepest rise was seen among individuals < 18 years of age. The mean age of individuals with infection-related hospitalizations that had antibiotic-resistant infections decreased substantially, from 65.7 years (standard error [SE] = 2.01) in 1997 to 44.2 years (SE = 1.47) in 2006. As the proportion of patients with antibiotic-resistant infections who did not have insurance increased, the length of stay for those hospitalizations had a corresponding decrease (r = 0.91, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotic-resistant infections are becoming increasingly commonplace in hospitalizations in the U.S., with a steady upward trend between 1997 and 2006. Antibiotic-resistant infections are increasingly being seen in younger patients and those without health insurance.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Family Medicine, 295 Calhoun St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA. mainouag@musc.edu
authors.forename: Arch G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mainous
authors.forename: Vanessa A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Matheson
authors.forename: Seth H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gregorie
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hueston
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents