title: Ramifications of adolescent menstrual cycles ≥42 days in young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine to what degree annual reports from ages 14 to 19 years of menstrual cycles ≥42 days would be associated with increased body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at ages 14-25 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective 11-year follow-up from ages 14 to 25 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban-suburban schools, post-high school.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 370 schoolgirls.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMI, waist, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From ages 14 to 19 years, 269 girls had 0/6 annual reports of menstrual cycles ≥42 days, 74 had 1, 19 had 2, and 8 had ≥3. Among these four categories, girls with ≥3 annual reports had highest free T and DHEAS at age 14, highest BMI and waist at ages 14, 19, and 25, highest insulin at age 25, and highest glucose and HOMA-IR at age 24 years. The number of annual reports of menstrual cycles ≥42 days was positively related to change in BMI and waist and inversely with change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from ages 14 to 25 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three or more annual reports of menstrual cycles ≥42 days during ages 14-19 are associated with high BMI, waist circumference, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR at ages 14-25 years.
authors.affiliation: Division Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Glueck
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Davis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stroop
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose