title: Endocrine assessment of prepubertal boys with a history of cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Four disorders, including poor semen quality, testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadias, are thought to represent testicular dysgenesis syndrome and have been hypothesized to share a common etiology. We predicted testicular function in prepubertal boys with a history of cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias by measuring serum hormone levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 82 prepubertal boys who underwent orchiopexy and/or hypospadias repair in childhood were enrolled in the study. Patients were surgically treated for cryptorchidism (23 in group 1), hypospadias (49 in group 2), cryptorchidism and hypospadias (10 in group 3), and hydrocele testis (7 in control group 4). Serum hormones, including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and total testosterone, were measured separately by age less than 12.5, 12.5 to 13.5 and greater than 13.5 years, and by Tanner pubertal stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follicle-stimulating hormone in group 3 was significantly higher than in groups 1, 2 and 4 at ages 12.5 to 13.5 and greater than 13.5 years, and for Tanner stages 2 and 3 (p <0.05). However, luteinizing hormone and testosterone did not differ among the groups regardless of age or Tanner stage. Group 3 patients had significantly higher follicle-stimulating hormone regardless of the severity of cryptorchidism or hypospadias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that testicular function in patients with cryptorchidism plus hypospadias is more severely impaired than that in patients with cryptorchidism or hypospadias, lending clinical support to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome hypothesis of a common origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwatsuki
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamisawa
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
authors.forename: Yutaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone