title: Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy reduces the risk of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials involving a total of 19,810 women were included. Overall, there were no significant differences between the vitamin and placebo groups in the risk of preeclampsia (9.6% vs 9.6%; relative risk, 1.00, 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.09). Similar results were obtained when subgroup analyses were restricted to women at high risk or low/moderate risk for preeclampsia. Women supplemented with vitamins C and E were at increased risk of developing gestational hypertension and premature rupture of membranes, and decreased risk of abruptio placentae. There were no significant differences between the vitamin and placebo groups in the risk of other adverse maternal or fetal/perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy does not prevent preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conde-Agudelo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kusanovic
authors.forename: Sonia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid