title: Protective effect of apocynin on antimycin A-induced cell damage in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
abstract: Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of apocynin on antimycin A (AMA)-induced toxicicy in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to AMA caused significant cell viability loss, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation, complex IV inactivation, ATP loss, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with apocynin prior to AMA exposure significantly reduced AMA-induced cell damage by preventing MMP dissipation, complex IV inactivation, ATP loss, [Ca2+]i elevation and oxidative stress. These results suggest that apocynin has a protective effect against AMA-induced cell damage by its antioxidant effects and the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Apocynin also induced the activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), Akt (protein kinase B) and CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) inhibited by AMA. All these data indicate that apocynin may reduce or prevent osteoblasts degeneration in osteoporosis or other degenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Education Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea. cheunmi@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002308:Cardiolipins; C492004:Creb1 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D000968:Antimycin A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C056165:acetovanillone; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D002118:Calcium