title: Isolation and characterization of lecithin from squid (Todarodes pacificus) viscera deoiled by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
abstract: Marine lecithin was isolated and characterized from squid (Todarodes pacificus) viscera residues deoiled by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction. SC-CO(2) extraction was carried out to extract the oil from squid viscera at different temperatures (35 to 45 °C) and pressures (15 to 25 MPa). The extraction yield was higher at highest temperature and pressure. The major phospholipids of squid viscera lecithin were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phosphatidylcholine (PC; 80.5% ± 0.7%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 13.2% ± 0.2%) were the main phospholipids. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to purify the individual phospholipids. The fatty acid compositions of lecithin, PC and PE were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). A significant amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were present in both phospholipids of PC and PE. Emulsions of lecithin in water were prepared through the use of a homogenizer. The oxidative stability of squid viscera lecithin was high in spite of its high concentration of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Squid viscera are discarded as a waste by fish processing industry. Since lecithin from squid viscera contains higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, it may have promising effect to use in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong Natl Univ, 599-1 Daeyeon-3dong, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Salim
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishimura
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000032:analysis; D014781:Viscera / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D054709:Lecithins; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid