title: Survival of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in indonesia: a single institution review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe for the first time the survival of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in Indonesia, according to clinicopathological characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of bladder TCC survival in a single institution, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia's national tertiary referral centre, between the years 1995 and 2005. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evaluable data covered 254 cases of primary bladder TCC, in which 95 (37.4%) were non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and 159 cases (62.6%) were muscle-invasive (MIBC). Of these, 105 cases (41.4%) with a follow-up period up to five years were eligible for survival analysis. The mean age was 56.5 +/- 12.1 years old, with a male to female ratio of 6:1. The 5-year OS for all bladder TCC was 27.6%, with a mean survival time of 32.6 months. For NMIBC, the 5-year OS was 53.8% with a mean survival of 54.5 months. For MIBC, the 5-year OS was 19% with a mean survival of 25.4 months. Regarding pathological stage, the 5-year OS for stage 0, I, II, III, and IV was 83.3%, 45%, 30%, 18.8%, and 9.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall survival of bladder TCC in Indonesia is low compared to other countries. Possible explanations include the high number of advanced-stage tumours at initial presentation, under-staging, significant number of treatment refusal by our patients, and the non-standardized use of adjuvant therapy in our centre.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. chamochtar@gmail.com
authors.forename: Wempy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Supit
authors.forename: Chaidir A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mochtar
authors.forename: Marto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiono
authors.forename: Rainy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Umbas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery