title: Recycling coffee grounds and tea leaf wastes to improve the yield and mineral content of grains of paddy rice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coffee grounds and tea leaf wastes exhibit strong affinity for metals such as Fe and Zn. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of top-dressing application of Fe- and Zn-enriched coffee grounds and tea leaf wastes at the panicle initiation stage on the mineral content of rice grains and the yield of paddy rice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Fe and Zn contents of brown rice grains increased significantly on application of both coffee and tea waste materials. The concentration of Mn was increased by top-dressing application of coffee waste material only. For Cu, no significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between the control and ferrous sulfate/zinc sulfate treatment. The application of coffee and tea waste materials led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the number of grains per panicle, which was reflected in increases in the total number of grains per hill and in grain yield.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The top-dressing application of these materials is an excellent method to recycle coffee grounds and tea wastes from coffee shops. Use of these novel materials would not only reduce the waste going to landfill but would also benefit the mineral nutrition of rice consumers at low cost by increasing Fe and Zn levels of rice grains as well as grain yield.
authors.affiliation: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), Tsu, Mie, Japan. ckm@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Claudio K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saigusa
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000191:economics; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000254:growth & development*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D059027:Recycling / Q000379:methods*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000191:economics; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012987:Soil; D014131:Trace Elements; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc