title: The tragedy of translation: the case of "first use" in human embryonic stem cell research.
abstract: Who should go first in phase-I human trials when neither risks nor benefits can be estimated? By assessing concerns raised by Bretzner et al. (2011), we highlight a tragic dimension underlying all such trials. We discuss strategies to avoid the pitfalls of ethical hubris by promoting fidelity and trust.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. j.h.solbakk@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Jan Helge
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Solbakk
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zoloth
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics; D001709:Biotechnology; D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics*; D020379:Risk Adjustment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation