title: Effect of fresh green waste and green waste compost on mineral nitrogen, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from a Vertisol.
abstract: Incorporation of organic waste amendments to a horticultural soil, prior to expected risk periods, could immobilise mineral N, ultimately reducing nitrogen (N) losses as nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and leaching. Two organic waste amendments were selected, a fresh green waste (FGW) and green waste compost (GWC) as they had suitable biochemical attributes to initiate N immobilisation into the microbial biomass and organic N forms. These characteristics include a high C:N ratio (FGW 44:1, GWC 35:1), low total N (<1%), and high lignin content (>14%). Both products were applied at 3t C/ha to a high N (plus N fertiliser) or low N (no fertiliser addition) Vertisol soil in PVC columns. Cumulative N(2)O production over the 28 day incubation from the control soil was 1.5mg/N(2)O/m(2), and 11mg/N(2)O/m(2) from the control+N. The N(2)O emission decreased with GWC addition (P<0.05) for the high N soil, reducing cumulative N(2)O emissions by 38% by the conclusion of the incubation. Analysis of mineral N concentrations at 7, 14 and 28 days identified that both FGW and GWC induced microbial immobilisation of N in the first 7 days of incubation regardless of whether the soil environment was initially high or low in N; with the FGW immobilising up to 30% of available N. It is likely that the reduced mineral N due to N immobilisation led to a reduced substrate for N(2)O production during the first week of the trial, when soil N(2)O emissions peaked. An additional finding was that FGW+N did not decrease cumulative N(2)O emissions compared to the control+N, potentially due to the fact that it stimulated microbial respiration resulting in anaerobic micro sites in the soil and ultimately N(2)O production via denitrification. Therefore, both materials could be used as post harvest amendments in horticulture to minimise N loss through nitrate-N leaching in the risk periods between crop rotations. The mature GWC has potential to reduce N(2)O, an important greenhouse gas.
authors.affiliation: School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. s.vaughan@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Ram C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Neal W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Menzies
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D058458:Nitrogen Cycle; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen