title: Salvianolate inhibits cytokine gene expression in small intestine of cirrhotic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of salvianolate on expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA in small intestine of cirrhotic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cirrhosis in rats was induced using CCl4 (0.3 mL/kg). Rats were randomly divided into non-treatment group, low-dose salvianolate (12 mg/kg) treatment group, medium-dose salvianolate (24 mg/kg) treatment group, and high-dose salvianolate (48 mg/kg) treatment group, and treated for 2 wk. Another 10 healthy rats served as a normal control group. Mortality of cirrhotic rats in each group was evaluated after treatment with salvianolate. Serum samples were taken from portal vein for the detection of endotoxin. Morphological changes in tissue samples from the ileocecum were observed under a light microscope. Expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in the small intestine of rats was analyzed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality of cirrhotic rats in the non-treatment group was 37.5%. No cirrhotic rat died in the high-dose salvianolate treatment group. The serum endotoxin level was significantly higher in the non-treatment group than in the salvianolate treatment and normal control groups. The intestinal mucosal and villous atrophy, necrosis and shedding of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, observed in the non-treatment group, were reversed in different salvianolate treatment groups. The TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in small intestine were significantly lower in different salvianolate treatment groups than in the non-treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvianolate can reduce the endotoxin level, ameliorate the injury of intestinal mucosa, and inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in small intestine of cirrhotic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Dan-Hong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zai-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xu-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Huo-Xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D004731:Endotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007773:Lactates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C066201:salvianolic acid A