title: Development of late, symptomatic abdominopelvic lymphoceles more than 10 years following pediatric reconstructive urologic procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rare reports of symptomatic abdominopelvic lymphoceles following pediatric genitourinary reconstruction do exist; however there are no data regarding the development or management of late symptomatic lymphoceles. We report on the clinical presentation of these lymphoceles 10 or more years following initial urologic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 480 patients following major intra-abdominal urologic reconstructive procedures from 1986 to 2009 for development of late, symptomatic abdominopelvic lymphoceles. A minimum of 10 years post-surgical follow up was required for inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Late symptomatic lymphoceles developed in 4/480 (0.8%) patients. Median length of follow up post reconstruction was 13.5 years (range 10-17). Median time to lymphocele development was 12 years (range 8-16). Symptoms at presentation included abdominal distension (4/4, 100%), nausea and vomiting (3/4, 75%), flank pain/progressive hydroureteronephrosis (3/4, 75%), and obstructive pyelonephritis (1/4, 25%). Additional surgical procedures that may have contributed to lymphocele development were present in 100%. 75% (3/4) of the patients underwent open surgical drainage, with one electing observation for intermittent symptoms. Exploration revealed loculated fluid collections between bowel loops and dense adhesions; symptoms resolved although small asymptomatic recurrences developed in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late, symptomatic abdominopelvic lymphoceles following major pediatric urinary tract reconstruction or diversion develop in <1% patients. Many undergo subsequent abdominopelvic surgery, which may contribute to development of these late, pathologic lymphoceles. Open surgical drainage is usually required with excellent outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. fox.janelle@mayo.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rathbun
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Husmann
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008210:Lymphocele / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult