title: Phosphate, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor-κB activation in vascular calcification.
abstract: Phosphate-induced vascular calcification, characterized by induction of osteogenic programs, mineral vesicle release, and apoptosis, is prevalent in patients with kidney disease. Zhao et al. provide a mechanistic link between phosphate-induced calcification and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, and subsequent expression of osteogenic genes and vascular mineralization. This link clarifies the intracellular mechanism of vascular calcification and may allow exploration of antioxidants as therapeutic agents for vascular calcification.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Saint Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63106, USA. zalaly@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ziyad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Al-Aly
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D050608:Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010710:Phosphates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D050608:Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid