title: [Immediate and short term effects of smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance in smokers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficiency of mucociliary transport may vary in different conditions, such as in exposure to harmful particles of the cigarette smoke. The present study evaluated the acute and short term effects of smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance in current smokers by the quantification of the Saccharin Transit Time (STT), and to investigate its correlation with the history of tobacco consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen current smokers (11 men, 51 ± 16 years; BMI 23 ± 9 kg/m(2), 27 ± 11 cigarettes per day, 44 ± 25 pack-years), entering a smoking cessation intervention program, responded to a questionnaire concerning smoking history and were submitted to lung function assessment (spirometry) and the STT test. STT was assessed immediately after smoking and 8 hours after smoking. The STT test was also performed in nineteen matched healthy non-smokers' who served as control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to STT in non-smokers' (10 ± 4 min; mean ± standard deviation), smokers presented similar STT immediately after smoking (11 ± 6 min; p=0.87) and slower STT 8 hours after smoking (16 ± 6 min; p=0.005 versus non-smokers' and p=0.003 versus immediately after smoking). STT 8 hours after smoking correlated positively with age (r=0.59; p=0.007), cigarettes per day (r=0.53; p=0.02) and pack-years index (r=0.74; p=0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In smokers, although the mucociliary clearance immediately after smoking is similar to non-smokers', eight hours after smoking it is reduced, and this reduction is closely related to the smoking habits.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisioterapia, Univ Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil. mahara.proenca@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proença
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fagundes Xavier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cavalheri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pitta
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Cipulo Ramos
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors