title: Physiological sensing of carbon dioxide/bicarbonate/pH via cyclic nucleotide signaling.
abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is produced by living organisms as a byproduct of metabolism. In physiological systems, CO(2) is unequivocally linked with bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)) and pH via a ubiquitous family of carbonic anhydrases, and numerous biological processes are dependent upon a mechanism for sensing the level of CO(2), HCO(3), and/or pH. The discovery that soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly regulated by bicarbonate provided a link between CO(2)/HCO(3)/pH chemosensing and signaling via the widely used second messenger cyclic AMP. This review summarizes the evidence that bicarbonate-regulated sAC, and additional, subsequently identified bicarbonate-regulate nucleotidyl cyclases, function as evolutionarily conserved CO(2)/HCO(3)/pH chemosensors in a wide variety of physiological systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA. jobuck@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Lonny R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases