title: Effects of prenatal and early life malnutrition: evidence from the Greek famine.
abstract: This paper examines the long run education and labor market effects from early-life exposure to the Greek 1941-1942 famine. Given the short duration of the famine, we can separately identify the famine effects for cohorts exposed in utero, during infancy and at 1 year of age. We find that adverse outcomes due to the famine are largest for infants. Further, in our regression analysis we exploit the fact that the famine was more severe in urban than in rural areas. Consistent with our prediction, we find that urban-born cohorts show larger negative impacts on educational outcomes than rural-born cohorts.
authors.affiliation: ifo-Institute for Economic Research, Poschingerstrasse 5, 81679 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neelsen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stratmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004522:Educational Status; D036262:Empirical Research; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D012423:Rural Health; D013217:Starvation / Q000266:history*; D014504:Urban Health