title: Effect of drilling technique on the early integration of plateau root form endosteal implants: an experimental study in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the hypothesis that early integration of plateau root form endosseous implants is significantly affected by surgical drilling technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four implants were bilaterally placed in the diaphysial radius of 8 beagles and remained 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. Half the implants had an alumina-blasted/acid-etched surface and the other half a surface coated with calcium phosphate. Half the implants with the 2 surface types were drilled at 50 rpm without saline irrigation and the other half were drilled at 900 rpm under abundant irrigation. After euthanasia, the implants in bone were nondecalcified and referred for histologic analysis. Bone-to-implant contact, bone area fraction occupancy, and the distance from the tip of the plateau to pristine cortical bone were measured. Statistical analyses were performed by analysis of variance at a 95% level of significance considering implant surface, time in vivo, and drilling speed as independent variables and bone-to-implant contact, bone area fraction occupancy, and distance from the tip of the plateau to pristine cortical bone as dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that both techniques led to implant integration and intimate contact between bone and the 2 implant surfaces. A significant increase in bone-to-implant contact and bone area fraction occupancy was observed as time elapsed at 2 and 4 weeks and for the calcium phosphate-coated implant surface compared with the alumina-blasted/acid-etched surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the surgical drilling technique did not affect the early integration of plateau root form implants, the hypothesis was refuted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giro
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.forename: Estevam A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Malvin N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Janal
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000497:Alloys; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D018483:Diaphyses / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D011884:Radius / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013499:Surface Properties; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D058626:Plasma Gases; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D012965:Sodium Chloride; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide