title: Modulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in gastric mucosa during re-epithelization processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in gastric wound formation and repair following ulceration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric lesions were induced in rats using restraint cold stress. To investigate the effect of oxidative and nitrosative cell stress on tyrosine phosphorylation during wound repair, total activity of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, hydroxyl radical and zinc levels were assayed in parallel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ulcer provocation induced an immediate decrease in tyrosine kinase (40% in plasma membranes and 56% in cytosol, P < 0.05) and phosphatase activity (threefold in plasma membranes and 3.3-fold in cytosol), followed by 2.3-2.4-fold decrease (P < 0.05) in protein phosphotyrosine content in the gastric mucosa. Ulceration induced no immediate change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, 30% increase (P < 0.05) in catalase activity, 2.3-fold inhibition (P < 0.05) of glutathione peroxidase, 3.3-fold increase (P < 0.05) in hydroxyl radical content, and 2.3-fold decrease (P < 0.05) in zinc level in gastric mucosa. NOS activity was three times higher in gastric mucosa cells after cold stress. Following ulceration, PTK activity increased in plasma membranes and reached a maximum on day 4 after stress (twofold increase, P < 0.05), but remained inhibited (1.6-3-fold decrease on days 3, 4 and 5, P < 0.05) in the cytosol. Tyrosine phosphatases remained inhibited both in membranes and cytosol (1.5-2.4-fold, P < 0.05). NOS activity remained increased on days 1, 2 and 3 (3.8-, 2.6-, 2.2-fold, respectively, P < 0.05). Activity of SOD increased 1.6 times (P < 0.05) days 4 and 5 after stress. Catalase activity normalized after day 2. Glutathione peroxidase activity and zinc level decreased (3.3- and 2-fold, respectively, P < 0.05) on the last day. Activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthethase increased 2.8-fold (P < 0.05) at the beginning, and 1.6-2.3-fold (P < 0.05) during ulcer recuperation, and normalized on day 5, consistent with slowing of inflammation processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies show diverse changes in total tyrosine kinase activity in gastric mucosa during the recovery process. Oxidative and nitrosative stress during lesion formation might lead to the observed reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation during ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Olena V Bogdanova, Larysa I Kot, Kateryna V Lavrova, Ludmyla I Ostapchenko, Department of Biochemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olena V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Bogdanova
authors.forename: Larysa I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Kot
authors.forename: Kateryna V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lavrova
authors.forename: Volodymyr B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Bogdanov
authors.forename: Erica K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: Tetyana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Beregova
authors.forename: Ludmyla I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Ostapchenko