title: Evaluation of radiologically implanted central venous port systems explanted due to complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate explantations of central venous port systems that were implanted by interventional radiologists in cases where complications demanded the removal of the port device.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective single-center study, explantation rates of central venous port catheter systems (CVPS) associated with complications were investigated over a 10-year period. All CVPS were implanted and explanted in our radiology department's interventional suite. Port catheter dysfunctions were divided into early and late complications, as well as into nonthrombotic and thrombotic events. Indications for implantation and explantation as well as clinical demographics were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ninety-three CVPS were removed from 182 patients, due to complications. The total indwelling time of all CVPS was 55,132 catheter-days (mean 285.7; range 1-2,704). The most common diagnoses were gastrointestinal cancers 77 (39.9%) and hematological malignancies 32 (16.6%). Bloodstream infections 134 (69.4%) were the most common indication for the explantation procedure. These were followed by catheter-related thrombosis 28 (14.5%), nonthrombotic CVPS dysfunction 18 (9.3%), port pocket infections 9 (4.7%), and others 4 (2.1%). The highest percentages of explantations related to bloodstream infections were observed in patients with malabsorption (81.8%) and hematological malignancies (81.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bloodstream infections were the most common cause for port explantation, followed by catheter-related thrombosis. Complication-related explantations were mainly for late-onset complications. Prevention and management strategies should be applied regarding care and usage of port systems to reduce the rate of complication-related explantations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. ulf.teichgraeber@charite.de
authors.forename: Ulf K M
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Teichgräber
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kausche
authors.forename: Sebastian N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nagel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D020878:Device Removal; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D056824:Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult