title: The role of microRNAs in cholesterol efflux and hepatic lipid metabolism.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an elegant mechanism of posttranscriptional control of gene expression that serves to fine-tune biological processes. These tiny noncoding RNAs (20-22 nucleotide) bind to the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs, thereby repressing gene expression. Recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism have revealed that miRNAs, particularly miR-122 and miR-33, play major roles in regulating cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. miR-122, the most abundant miRNA in the liver, appears to maintain the hepatic cell phenotype, and its inhibition decreases total serum cholesterol. miR-33, an intronic miRNA located with the sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP)-2 gene, regulates cholesterol efflux, fatty acid β oxidation, and high-density lipoprotein metabolism. These findings have highlighted the complexity of lipid homeostasis and the important role that miRNAs play in these processes, potentially opening new avenues for the treatment of dyslipidemias.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Kathryn.Moore@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Katey J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rayner
authors.forename: Yajaira
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Hernando
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; C531907:MIRN122 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D002784:Cholesterol