title: Cardiovascular responses to microinjection of noradrenaline into the medial amygdaloid nucleus of conscious rats result from α₂-receptor activation and vasopressin release.
abstract: The medial amygdaloid nucleus (MeA) is involved in the modulation of physiological and behavioral processes, as well as regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Moreover, MeA electrical stimulation evokes cardiovascular responses. Thus, as noradrenergic receptors are present in this structure, the present study tested the effects of local noradrenaline (NA) microinjection into the MeA on cardiovascular responses in conscious rats. Moreover, we describe the types of adrenoceptor involved and the peripheral mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular responses. Increasing doses of NA (3, 9, 27 or 45 nmol/100 nL) microinjected into the MeA of conscious rats caused dose-related pressor and bradycardic responses. The NA cardiovascular effects were abolished by local pretreatment of the MeA with 10 nmol/100 nL of the specific α₂-receptor antagonist RX821002, but were not affected by local pretreatment with 10 nmol/100 nL of the specific α₁-receptor antagonist WB4101. The magnitude of pressor response evoked by NA microinjected into the MeA was potentiated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglion blocker pentolinium (5 mg/kg), and blocked by intravenous pretreatment with the selective V₁-vasopressin antagonist dTyr(CH₂)₅ (Me)AVP (50 μg/kg). In conclusion, our results show that microinjection of NA into the MeA of conscious rats activates local α₂-adrenoceptors, evoking pressor and bradycardic responses, which are mediated by vasopressin release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Albino Trindade
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fortaleza
authors.forename: América Augusto
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Scopinho
authors.forename: Fernando Morgan de Aguiar
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Corrêa
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010425:Pentolinium Tartrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D004146:Dioxanes; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D010425:Pentolinium Tartrate; C010654:(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzo-1,4-dioxane; D009638:Norepinephrine