title: Sarcomere gene mutations in isolated left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy do not predict clinical phenotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular noncompaction of the myocardium (LVNC) has been recognized as a cardiomyopathy with a genetic etiology. Mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins were shown to be associated with LVNC. We evaluated the potential clinical impact of genetic analysis of sarcomere genes in patients with LVNC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 5 mutations in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) and 2 mutations in α-tropomyosin (TPM1) in a cohort of unrelated adult probands with isolated LVNC. The mutations in MYBPC3 and TPM1 and in 6 other previously reported sarcomere genes in this cohort resulted in a total of 18 (29%) heterozygous mutations in 63 probands. β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) was the most prevalent disease gene and accounts for 13% of cases, followed by MYBPC3 (8%). Comparing sarcomere mutation-positive and mutation-negative LVNC probands showed no significant differences in terms of average age, myocardial function, and presence of heart failure or tachyarrhythmias at initial presentation or at follow-up. Familial disease was found in 16 probands of whom 8 were sarcomere mutation positive. Nonpenetrance was detected in 2 of 8 mutation-positive families with LVNC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutations in sarcomere genes account for a significant (29%) proportion of cases of isolated LVNC in this cohort. The distribution of disease genes confirms genetic heterogeneity and opens new perspectives in genetic testing in patients with LVNC and their relatives at high risk of inheriting the cardiomyopathy. The presence or absence of a sarcomere gene mutation in LVNC cannot be related to the clinical phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oechslin
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuler
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greutmann
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boyé
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knirsch
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thierfelder
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenni
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klaassen
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D019683:Penetrance; D010641:Phenotype; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000235:genetics*; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D014335:Tropomyosin; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C; C490775:TPM1 protein, human