title: The influence of human and environmental exposure factors on personal NO(2) exposures.
abstract: The US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) deployed a total of over 2000 nitrogen dioxide, NO(2,) passive monitors during 3 years of field data collections. These 24-h based personal, residential outdoor and community-based measurements allowed for the investigation of NO(2) spatial, temporal, human and environmental factors. The relationships between personal exposures to NO(2) and the factors that influence the relationship with community-based measurements were of interest. Survey data from 136 participants were integrated with exposure findings to allow for mixed model effect analyses. Ultimately, 50 individual factors were selected for examination. NO(2) analyses revealed that season, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and residential gas appliances were strong influencing factors. Only modest associations between community-based measures of nitrogen dioxide and personal exposures impacted by various exposure factors for heating (r=0.44) or non-heating seasons (r=0.34) were observed, indicating that use of ambient-based monitoring as a surrogate of personal exposure might result in sizeable exposure misclassification.
authors.affiliation: US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA. williams.ronald@epa.gov
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Carry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Croghan
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornburg
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide