title: The impact of light from computer monitors on melatonin levels in college students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-luminous electronic devices emit optical radiation at short wavelengths, close to the peak sensitivity of melatonin suppression. Melatonin suppression resulting from exposure to light at night has been linked to increased risk for diseases. The impact of luminous cathode ray tube (CRT) computer monitors on melatonin suppression was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one participants experienced three test conditions: 1) computer monitor only, 2) computer monitor viewed through goggles providing 40 lux of short-wavelength (blue; peak λ ≈ 470 nm) light at the cornea from light emitting diodes (LEDs), and 3) computer monitor viewed through orange-tinted safety glasses (optical radiation <525 nm ≈ 0). The blue-light goggles were used as a "true-positive" experimental condition to demonstrate protocol effectiveness; the same light treatment had been shown in a previous study to suppress nocturnal melatonin. The orange-tinted glasses served as a "dark" control condition because the short-wavelength radiation necessary for nocturnal melatonin suppression was eliminated. Saliva samples were collected from subjects at 23:00, before starting computer tasks, and again at midnight and 01:00 while performing computer tasks under all three experimental conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Melatonin concentrations after exposure to the blue-light goggle experimental condition were significantly reduced compared to the dark control and to the computer monitor only conditions. Although not statistically significant, the mean melatonin concentration after exposure to the computer monitor only was reduced slightly relative to the dark control condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional empirical data should be collected to test the effectiveness of different, brighter and larger screens on melatonin suppression.
authors.affiliation: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. figuem@rpi.edu
authors.forename: Mariana G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Figueiro
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plitnick
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003201:Computers; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D013334:Students; D014495:Universities
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin