title: Microbial and chemical markers: runoff transfer in animal manure-amended soils.
abstract: Fecal contamination of water resources is evaluated by the enumeration of the fecal coliforms and Enterococci. However, the enumeration of these indicators does not allow us to differentiate between the sources of fecal contamination. Therefore, it is important to use alternative indicators of fecal contamination to identify livestock contamination in surface waters. The concentration of fecal indicators (, enteroccoci, and F-specific bacteriophages), microbiological markers (Rum-2-bac, Pig-2-bac, and ), and chemical fingerprints (sterols and stanols and other chemical compounds analyzed by 3D-fluorescence excitation-matrix spectroscopy) were determined in runoff waters generated by an artificial rainfall simulator. Three replicate plot experiments were conducted with swine slurry and cattle manure at agronomic nitrogen application rates. Low amounts of bacterial indicators (1.9-4.7%) are released in runoff water from swine-slurry-amended soils, whereas greater amounts (1.1-28.3%) of these indicators are released in runoff water from cattle-manure-amended soils. Microbial and chemical markers from animal manure were transferred to runoff water, allowing discrimination between swine and cattle fecal contamination in the environment via runoff after manure spreading. Host-specific bacterial and chemical markers were quantified for the first time in runoff waters samples after the experimental spreading of swine slurry or cattle manure.
authors.affiliation: Universite Européenne de Bretagne, France. emilie.jarde@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaffrezic
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jardé
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pourcher
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gourmelon
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Caprais
authors.forename: Djilali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heddadj
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cottinet
authors.forename: Muhamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilal
authors.forename: Morgane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derrien
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mieszkin
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005602:France; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008372:Manure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013261:Sterols / Q000032:analysis*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000382:microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D008372:Manure; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013261:Sterols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical