title: Brain activity elicited by positive and negative feedback in preschool-aged children.
abstract: To investigate the processing of positive vs. negative feedback in children aged 4-5 years, we devised a prize-guessing game that is analogous to gambling tasks used to measure feedback-related brain responses in adult studies. Unlike adult studies, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by positive feedback was as large as that elicited by negative feedback, suggesting that the neural system underlying the FRN may not process feedback valence in early childhood. In addition, positive feedback, compared with negative feedback, evoked a larger P1 over the occipital scalp area and a larger positive slow wave (PSW) over the right central-parietal scalp area. We believe that the PSW is related to emotional arousal and the intensive focus on positive feedback that is present in the preschool and early school years has adaptive significance for both cognitive and emotional development during this period.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Twila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tardif
authors.forename: Stacey N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.forename: Yue-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis