title: Intraocular foreign bodies in china: clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes in 1,421 eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate epidemiologic and clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes of posttraumatic intraocular foreign body (IOFB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information from 1,421 eyes (1299 inpatients) with IOFB selected from all open-globe injury cases (4,968 eyes of 4,865 inpatients) in 15 tertiary hospitals in China over a 5-year period were collected from a standardized preformulated database of eye injuries. Factors affecting retinal lesions or detachment, development of endophthalmitis, and visual outcome were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOFBs represented 28.60% of all open-globe injuries. Of the 1,421 eyes, endophthalmitis developed in 232 (16.76%), and independent protective factors included primary repair within 24 hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; P = .006) and self-sealing wounds (OR, 0.69; P = .013). At discharge or follow-up, the enucleation rate was 7.53%, best-corrected visual acuity (VA) improved in 54.33%, and 4.85% had no light perception. Wound length of at least 3 mm and IOFB located in the posterior segment increased the risk of retinal lesion or detachment, and both (OR, 1.66; P < .001; OR, 4.04; P < .001) were significant negative predictors for visual outcome, along with wound larger than IOFB in largest length (OR, 2.38; P = .002) and endophthalmitis (OR, 2.01; P = .0003). Better initial VA (OR, 0.76; P < .001) was a protective factor for final VA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For IOFBs, primary wound closure by repair within 24 hours or self-sealing independently reduces the risk of endophthalmitis. Worse presenting VA, larger wounds, IOFB in posterior segment, wound larger than IOFB in largest length, and endophthalmitis predict worse visual outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Maonian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Caihui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Huai Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005129:Eye Foreign Bodies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult