title: The possibility of lowering oil content of potato chips by combining atmospheric frying with postfrying vacuum application.
abstract: Four protocols involving the application of low pressures, either toward the end of frying or after frying, were investigated with the aim of lowering the oil content of potato chips. Protocol 1 involving frying at atmospheric pressure followed by a 3 min draining time constituted the control. Protocol 2 involved lowering of pressure to 13.33 kPa, 40 s before the end of frying, followed by draining for 3 min at the same pressure. Protocol 3 was the same as protocol 2, except that the pressure was lowered 3 s before the end of frying. Protocol 4 involved lowering the pressure to 13.33 kPa after the product was lifted from the oil and holding it at this value over the draining time of 3 min. Protocol 4 gave a product having the lowest oil content (37.12 g oil/100 g defatted dry matter), while protocol 2 gave the product with highest oil content (71.10 g oil/100 g defatted dry matter), followed by those obtained using protocols 1 and 3 (68.48 g oil/100 g defatted dry matter and 52.50 g oil/100 g defatted dry matter, respectively). Protocol 4 was further evaluated to study the effects of draining times and vacuum applied, and compared with the control. It was noted that over the modest range of pressures investigated, there was no significant effect of the vacuum applied on the oil content of the product. This study demonstrates that the oil content of potato chips can be lowered significantly by combining atmospheric frying with draining under vacuum.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Univ. of Reading, Whiteknights P.O. Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, UK.
authors.forename: Azmil Haizam Ahmad
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tarmizi
authors.forename: Keshavan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niranjan
mesh_terms: D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D057140:Fast Foods; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D009821:Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011786:Quality Control; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D009821:Oils