title: Beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine and ebselen on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been demonstrated that peroxynitrite accompanies acute renal ischemia and contributes to the pathophysiology of renal damage. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the roles of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known powerful antioxidant, and ebselen (E), a scavenger of peroxynitrite, on renal injury induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of rat kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham, renal IRI, renal IRI+NAC, renal IRI+E, and renal IRI+NAC+E. IR injury was induced by 60 min of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. After reperfusion, kidneys and blood samples were obtained for histopathological and biochemical evaluations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal IR resulted in increased malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate levels suggesting increased lipid peroxidation and peroxynitrite production and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Both NAC and E alone significantly decreased malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate levels and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Additionally in the renal IRI+NAC+E group, all biochemical results were quite close to those of sham group. Histopathologically, the kidney injury in rats treated with combination of NAC and E was found significantly less than the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both NAC and E are able to ameliorate IRI of the kidney by decreasing oxidative and nitrosative stresses and increasing free radical scavenger properties. Additionally, combination of NAC and E prevents kidney damage more than when each drug is used alone, suggesting that scavenging peroxynitrite nearby antioxidant activity is important in preventing renal IRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Diskapi Children's Health and Diseases, Hematology, Oncology Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kizilgun
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Poyrazoglu
authors.forename: Yesim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oztas
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yaman
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: Tuncer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cayci
authors.forename: Ozgur Emin
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Akgul
authors.forename: Yasemin Gulcan
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yaren
authors.forename: Zeki Ilker
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Kunak
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macit
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Mine Yavuz
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Taslipinar
authors.forename: Turker
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turker
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozcan
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001393:Azoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054833:Isoindoles; D008297:Male; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001393:Azoles; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D054833:Isoindoles; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; C042986:ebselen; D000111:Acetylcysteine