title: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: a new antioxidant that exerts its cytoprotective effect independent on Heme Oxygenase-1.
abstract: Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL/Lcn2), a member of the lipocalin family, has a variety of functions. There are extensive studies examining the expression of NGAL under harmful conditions. However, its precise function remains poorly understood. Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an enzyme with well-established cytoprotective effects. Previous work showed that NGAL induces expression of HO-1. Interestingly, the same stimuli induced the expression of both NGAL and HO-1. The current study was designed to (1) determine whether NGAL exerts its cytoprotective effect through HO-1 and (2) compare NGAL and HO-1 with each other in terms of their protective role against oxidative stress. The current data indicate that NGAL exerts its cytoprotective effect independent of HO-1 and protects cells against oxidative stress more efficiently than HO-1. The data also strongly suggest that induction of NGAL under harmful conditions is a compensatory response to ameliorate oxidative stress-mediated toxicity. These findings may suggest new applications of NGAL, particularly when oxidative stress is a major factor.
authors.affiliation: Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. roudkenar@ibto.ir
authors.forename: Mehryar Habibi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Roudkenar
authors.forename: Raheleh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Halabian
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bahmani
authors.forename: Amaneh Mohammadi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roushandeh
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019610:Cytoprotection; D020868:Gene Silencing; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000975:Antioxidants; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1