title: Susceptibility of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria to novel nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticle technology.
abstract: The rapidly evolving crisis of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms has contributed to the rise of patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Therefore, innovative antimicrobial technology targeting mechanisms to which the bacteria are unlikely to evolve resistance is urgently needed. We have previously described a nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticle (NO-np) with efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro and in murine wound and abscess models. Although the prior findings suggest that the NO-np can be a useful therapeutic for skin and soft tissue infections, the antimicrobial spectrum of NO-np has yet to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the efficacy of a NO-np against several Gram-positive and -negative clinical isolates. We found that the NO-np were uniformly active against all of the Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates examined, including strains that were both sensitive and resistant to commonly used antibiotics. We concluded that the NO-np have the potential to serve as a novel broad spectrum antimicrobial agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Division of Dermatology), Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. adfriedm@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blecher
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tuckman-Vernon
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gialanella
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nosanchuk
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009569:Nitric Oxide