title: The Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with PAI-1 and t-PA Levels.
abstract: Background. We used a random sample (n = 2, 495) from the population-based Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) study population to examine the association of the metabolic syndrome (Met S) with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen levels. Results. The overall prevalence of the Met S was 18%, was dependent on age and gender, and was positively associated with higher antigen levels of both PAI-1 and t-PA. These significant effects were maintained after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, elevated C-reactive protein, smoking status, urinary albumin excretion, and insulin levels. We found no significant interactions between the Met S and other covariates on PAI-1 and t-PA levels. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that those with the Met S have significantly higher levels of PAI-1 and t-PA antigen, factors known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Folkert W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Asselbergs
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Hans L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hillege
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Wiek H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van Gilst