title: Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles.
abstract: Release of membrane vesicles, a process conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, represents an evolutionary link, and suggests essential functions of a dynamic extracellular vesicular compartment (including exosomes, microparticles or microvesicles and apoptotic bodies). Compelling evidence supports the significance of this compartment in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. However, classification of membrane vesicles, protocols of their isolation and detection, molecular details of vesicular release, clearance and biological functions are still under intense investigation. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of extracellular vesicles. After discussing the technical pitfalls and potential artifacts of the rapidly emerging field, we compare results from meta-analyses of published proteomic studies on membrane vesicles. We also summarize clinical implications of membrane vesicles. Lessons from this compartment challenge current paradigms concerning the mechanisms of intercellular communication and immune regulation. Furthermore, its clinical implementation may open new perspectives in translational medicine both in diagnostics and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér, Hungary.
authors.forename: Bence
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: György
authors.forename: Tamás G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pásztói
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pál
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misják
authors.forename: Borbála
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aradi
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: László
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pállinger
authors.forename: Erna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pap
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kittel
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falus
authors.forename: Edit I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Buzás
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D010316:Particle Size; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020543:Proteome