title: Metabolic profiling of cadmium-induced effects in one pioneer intertidal halophyte Suaeda salsa by NMR-based metabolomics.
abstract: Cadmium is a non-essential element to living organisms and has become the severe contaminant in both seawater and sediment in the intertidal zones of the Bohai Sea. The halophyte, Suaeda salsa is the pioneer plant in the intertidal zones of Bohai Sea and has been widely applied in environmental sciences. In this study, the dose- and time-dependent effects induced by environmentally relevant concentrations (2, 10 and 50 μg l(-1)) of cadmium were characterized in S. salsa using NMR-based metabolomics. The levels of amino acids (valine, leucine, glutamate, tyrosine, etc.), carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose and fructose), intermediates of tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinate, citrate, etc.) and osmolyte (betaine) were altered in the S. salsa samples after cadmium exposures. These metabolic biomarkers indicated the elevated protein degradation and disturbances in the osmotic regulation and energy metabolism caused by cadmium in S. salsa. Overall, our results demonstrated the applicability of NMR-based metabolomics for the detection of metabolic biomarkers that could be used for the interpretation of toxicological effects induced by contaminants in the pioneer plant S. salsa in the intertidal zones. In addition, the metabolic biomarkers could be potentially useful for the bio-monitoring of contaminants in the intertidal zones.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environment Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cuiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Linbao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lianzhen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sujing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Junbao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chuanhai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Huifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D019663:Chenopodiaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055442:Metabolome; D055051:Salt-Tolerant Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium