title: Examining the benefits of combining two learning strategies on recall of functional information in persons with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Forgetfulness occurs commonly in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but few treatments alleviate this problem.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the combined effect of two cognitive rehabilitation strategies to improve learning and memory in MS: self-generation and spaced learning. The hypothesis was that the combination of spaced learning and self-generation would yield better learning and memory recall performance than spaced learning alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a within groups design, 20 participants with MS and 18 healthy controls (HC) were presented with three tasks (learning names, appointment, and object location), each in three learning conditions (Massed, Spaced Learning, and combination of spaced and generated information). Participants were required to recall the information they learned in each of these conditions immediately and 30 min following the initial presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of spaced learning and self-generation yielded better recall than did spaced learning alone. In turn, spaced learning resulted in better recall than the massed rehearsal condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal that the combination of these two learning strategies may possess utility as a cognitive rehabilitation strategy.
authors.affiliation: New York University, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY 10012, USA. yg243@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goverover
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Hali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiaravalloti
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeLuca
mesh_terms: D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011939:Mental Recall; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis