title: The number of CD161 positive Th17 cells are decreased in head and neck cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite lots of research efforts, the pathology of head and neck cancer remains elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that the innate and adaptive immunity plays an important role in HNSCC (Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma) development. Recently, a new T helper cell subset additional to the classical Th1 and Th2 cells was identified called Th17 cells, due to their secretion of IL-17. However, Th17 cells also produce additional proinflammatory cytokines and many other cytokines are involved in their differentiation and expansion. It was shown that Th17 cells play a prominent role in host defense but are also associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. The role of Th17 cells in cancer pathogenesis remains nebulous.
  
  
  METHODS
  Th17 cells of peripheral blood, primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were FACS analyzed for their CD161 expression. Supernatants of the permanent HNSCC cell line BHY were used to induce Th17 cells by HNSCC tumor mileu.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we show that Th17 cells from patients with HNSCC downregulate the Th17 cell surface receptor CD161 in peripheral blood as well as in primary tumors and especially in metastatic lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have showed for the first time alterations of Th17 cell phenotype in HNSCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department for Otorhinolaryngology and Plastic Surgery, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kesselring
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pries
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wollenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C527203:KLRB1 protein, human; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D020126:Brefeldin A; D015759:Ionomycin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate