title: Coordinated expression of cell death genes regulates neuroblast apoptosis.
abstract: Properly regulated apoptosis in the developing central nervous system is crucial for normal morphogenesis and homeostasis. In Drosophila, a subset of neural stem cells, or neuroblasts, undergo apoptosis during embryogenesis. Of the 30 neuroblasts initially present in each abdominal hemisegment of the embryonic ventral nerve cord, only three survive into larval life, and these undergo apoptosis in the larvae. Here, we use loss-of-function analysis to demonstrate that neuroblast apoptosis during embryogenesis requires the coordinated expression of the cell death genes grim and reaper, and possibly sickle. These genes are clustered in a 140 kb region of the third chromosome and show overlapping patterns of expression. We show that expression of grim, reaper and sickle in embryonic neuroblasts is controlled by a common regulatory region located between reaper and grim. In the absence of grim and reaper, many neuroblasts survive the embryonic period of cell death and the ventral nerve cord becomes massively hypertrophic. Deletion of grim alone blocks the death of neuroblasts in the larvae. The overlapping activity of these multiple cell death genes suggests that the coordinated regulation of their expression provides flexibility in this crucial developmental process.
authors.affiliation: CBRC, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Megumu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada-Mabuchi
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: St Pierre
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tosa
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brachmann
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C108881:grim protein, Drosophila; C086973:rpr protein, Drosophila; C452430:skl protein, Drosophila