title: Sleep among opioid users.
abstract: Use of opioids in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain has increased significantly in the past 2 decades. Recent literature suggests that chronic opioid use is related to sleep-related breathing disorders, particularly central sleep apnea of both the periodic and nonperiodic breathing pattern. The clinical significance, pathogenesis, and treatment options of these sleep-related breathing disorders are not well understood. This article summarizes the current literature on the effects of both acute and chronic opioid use on sleep, sleep-disordered breathing, and the current evidence on various treatment options for breathing disorders related to chronic opioid use.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Critical Care Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Paturi
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Surani
authors.forename: Kannan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramar
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D006801:Humans; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid