title: Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Program on Substance Use among University Students.
abstract: A randomized wait-list controlled trial (N = 295 university students) of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation program was conducted in an urban setting. Substance use was assessed by self-report at baseline and 3 months later. For smoking and illicit drug use, there were no significant differences between conditions. For alcohol use, sex X intervention condition interactions were significant; TM instruction lowered drinking rates among male but not female students. TM instruction could play a valuable role in reducing alcohol use among male university students. Limitations are noted, along with suggestions for further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, American University, Asbury Building, Washington, DC 20016-8062, USA.
authors.forename: David A F
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haaga
authors.forename: Sarina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grosswald
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaylord-King
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rainforth
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: Sanford
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nidich
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Schneider