title: Genetic variation in the Sorbs of eastern Germany in the context of broader European genetic diversity.
abstract: Population isolates have long been of interest to genetic epidemiologists because of their potential to increase power to detect disease-causing genetic variants. The Sorbs of Germany are considered as cultural and linguistic isolates and have recently been the focus of disease association mapping efforts. They are thought to have settled in their present location in eastern Germany after a westward migration from a largely Slavic-speaking territory during the Middle Ages. To examine Sorbian genetic diversity within the context of other European populations, we analyzed genotype data for over 30 000 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms from over 200 Sorbs individuals. We compare the Sorbs with other European individuals, including samples from population isolates. Despite their geographical proximity to German speakers, the Sorbs showed greatest genetic similarity to Polish and Czech individuals, consistent with the linguistic proximity of Sorbian to other West Slavic languages. The Sorbs also showed evidence of subtle levels of genetic isolation in comparison with samples from non-isolated European populations. The level of genetic isolation was less than that observed for the Sardinians and French Basque, who were clear outliers on multiple measures of isolation. The finding of the Sorbs as only a minor genetic isolate demonstrates the need to genetically characterize putative population isolates, as they possess a wide range of levels of isolation because of their different demographic histories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Eco & Evo Biol, Interdepartmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Veeramah
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tönjes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wegmann
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geary
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gasperikova
authors.forename: Iwar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klimes
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novembre
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
mesh_terms: D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018154:Slovakia; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*