title: Bioengineering heart muscle: a paradigm for regenerative medicine.
abstract: The idea of extending the lifetime of our organs is as old as humankind, fueled by major advances in organ transplantation, novel drugs, and medical devices. However, true regeneration of human tissue has become increasingly plausible only in recent years. The human heart has always been a focus of such efforts, given its notorious inability to repair itself following injury or disease. We discuss here the emerging bioengineering approaches to regeneration of heart muscle as a paradigm for regenerative medicine. Our focus is on biologically inspired strategies for heart regeneration, knowledge gained thus far about how to make a "perfect" heart graft, and the challenges that remain to be addressed for tissue-engineered heart regeneration to become a clinical reality. We emphasize the need for interdisciplinary research and training, as recent progress in the field is largely being made at the interfaces between cardiology, stem cell science, and bioengineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. gv2131@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vunjak-Novakovic
authors.forename: Kathy O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057005:Bioengineering; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D019737:Transplants / Q000639:trends