title: Physico-chemical and radioactive characterization of TiO2 undissolved mud for its valorization.
abstract: In order to find a potential valorization of a waste generated in the industrial process devoted to the production of TiO(2) pigments, and as an essential and basic step, this waste must firstly be physically and chemically characterized. Moreover, the content of radioactivity is taken in to account due to it comes from a NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) industry. With this end, microscopic studies were performed by applying scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-XRMA), while the mineralogical compositions were carried out by means of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The concentrations of its major elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while heavy metals and other trace elements were ascertained through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results obtained for this waste have revealed several lines of research into potential applications. Firstly, with the refractory properties of mineral phases observed leading to a possible use in the ceramics industry or in thermal isolators. And secondly, attending to the characteristic particle-size spectra can be used as an additive in the manufacture of cement and finally, its high concentration of titanium may be used as a bactericide in brick production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gázquez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantero
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bolívar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: García-Tenorio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaca
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lozano
mesh_terms: D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium