title: Reflex seizures induced by micturition and defecation, successfully treated with clobazam and phenytoin.
abstract: We report a six-year-old girl with seizures induced by both micturition and defecation. Several days after unprovoked generalised tonic-clonic seizures, she developed reflex seizures characterised by the extension of both arms and rhythmic jerking of her upper body. No abnormal findings were noted on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Interictal electroencephalography (EEG) showed spike-and-wave activity on central electrode recording, and rhythmic fast activity was recorded by central electrodes during the ictal EEG upon micturition. The combination of clobazam and phenytoin was effective for both unprovoked and reflex seizures. Although some previous reports have described reflex seizures triggered by either micturition or defecation, this is the first case report of reflex seizures induced by both micturition and defecation in the same patient. Based on a comparison with previous cases of reflex seizures induced either by micturition or defecation, the neuronal pathway from the pelvic base musculature to the supplementary motor area may be responsible for the condition in our patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan. higuchit@suzakahp.jp
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Misawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D000078306:Clobazam; D003672:Defecation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014554:Urination
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000078306:Clobazam; D010672:Phenytoin