title: Development and in vivo evaluation of a new oral nanoparticulate dosage form for leuprolide based on polyacrylic acid.
abstract: It was the aim of this study to develop a nanoparticulate oral drug delivery system for leuprolide based on polyacrylic acid (PAA). In order to achieve formation of nanoparticles in a mild, aqueous environment, two different techniques were combined, namely hydrophobic ion pairing between leuprolide and sodium dodecyl sulphate in a first step, followed by encapsulation into nanoparticles gained by interpolymer complexation between polyacrylic acid and Pluronic F68. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized regarding particle size distribution, drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic profiles of leuprolide after oral administration of PAA-nanoparticulate and PAA-control tablets to male Sprague-Dawley rats were assessed and compared. It could be shown, that hydrophobic ion pairing increased encapsulation efficacy of leuprolide and leads to a slowed drug release of nanoparticulate suspensions. Relative oral bioavailability of leuprolide could be increased by nanoparticulate tablets up to 4.2-fold. Results verify that the suggested approach is a promising strategy for the design of oral delivery systems for oral administration of peptide drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Josef Möller Haus, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigl
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasteiger
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernkop-Schnürch
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D013607:Tablets; D020442:Poloxamer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D016729:Leuprolide