title: Endotoxin in endodontic infections: a review.
abstract: Gram-negative bacteria play an essential role in primary endodontic infections. They have several virulence factors such as endotoxin, a large molecule that plays a role in the initiation and perpetuation of apical periodontitis. This paper reviews the role of gram-negative bacteria in endodontic infections, structure and mechanisms of action of endotoxin, endotoxin in infected root canals, effects of calcium hydroxide and polymixin B on endotoxin, and applications of endotoxin to measure leakage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran. mohammadi_zahed@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zahed
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000382:microbiology; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D003788:Dental Pulp Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000502:physiology; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D037521:Virulence Factors; D011112:Polymyxin B; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide