title: Association between metabolic abnormalities and HBV related hepatocelluar carcinoma in Chinese: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggested that the abnormality of metabolism is a newly identified risk factor in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The association between metabolic factors and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clarified up to now. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in HCC and to probe the association between metabolic parameters and liver function as well, so as to evaluate the interactions between metabolism and the development of HBV-related HCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 179 cases of HBV-related HCC, who were surgically treated and pathologically confirmed were enrolled. HBV carriers (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 150) were recruited from routine physical examination during the same period. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained from medical documentation. All the metabolic-related parameters and liver function tests were determined with routine biochemical or immunological analytic methods. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)were detected by chemical analytic methods. A stratified analysis was conducted according to BMI, glycated albumin (GA), free fatty acids (FFA), and the relationships between the metabolic-related parameters and liver functions were analyzed in HCC and control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCC group showed significantly high levels of mean BMI, serum glucose, low serum lipids levels than controls (P < 0.05). Acquired by stratified analysis, the higher the BMI, the higher level of insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.01) were found in HCC patients. Elevated level of MDA and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were revealed in those with high serum FFA level for the first time. Strong associations between metabolic factors and liver function were shown in HCC (P < 0.05). Higher GA level was strongly associated with increased risk of cancer compared to healthy controls (OR = 9.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.86~52.29). Serum triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were negative contributory factors for HCC (OR = 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.01~0.27 and OR = 0.32, 95% confidence interval, 0.11~0.95: respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic abnormalities are closely associated with the occurrence and development of HBV-related HCC. Oxidative stress and/or lipid peroxidation might be involved in the pathogenesis and acceleration of liver function impairments in HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jinyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yunpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase