title: Clinical impact and molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in non-baumannii Acinetobacter.
abstract: Species of Acinetobacter other than Acinetobacter baumannii are involved in nosocomial infections. Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter genomospecies 3 and Acinetobacter genomospecies 13TU are found in community- and nosocomial-acquired infections as well as in neonatal intensive care units. The non-baumannii Acinetobacter are normally highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, gentamicin and tigecycline. Carbepenems show good activity although resistant isolates have been reported. Resistance to β-lactams other than carbapenems is associated with overexpression of chromosomal cephalosporinases and extended-spectrum β-lactamase acquisition, whereas resistance to carbapenems involves acquisition of carbapenemases. Quinolone resistance is related to gyrA and/or parC mutations but overexpresion of efflux proteins also plays an important role. With the development of novel and more accurate typing methodologies, an increase in infections caused by non-baumannii Acinetobacter might be observed in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, CRESIB, IDIBAPS, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Espinal
authors.forename: Ignasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vila
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013045:Species Specificity; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase