title: The quality of evidence of psychometric properties of three-dimensional spinal posture-measuring instruments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychometric properties include validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. Establishing the psychometric properties of an instrument which measures three-dimensional human posture are essential prior to applying it in clinical practice or research.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper reports the findings of a systematic literature review which aimed to 1) identify non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) human posture-measuring instruments; and 2) assess the quality of reporting of the methodological procedures undertaken to establish their psychometric properties, using a purpose-build critical appraisal tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen instruments were identified, of which nine were supported by research into psychometric properties. Eleven and six papers respectively, reported on validity and reliability testing. Rater qualification and reference standards were generally poorly addressed, and there was variable quality reporting of rater blinding and statistical analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a lack of current research to establish the psychometric properties of non-invasive 3D human posture-measuring instruments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. yolandi@physiopaarl.co.za
authors.forename: Yolandi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Quinette
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Louw
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimmer-Somers
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013131:Spine / Q000503:physiopathology*