title: Accumulation of bioactive lipids during storage of blood products is not cell but plasma derived and temperature dependent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bioactive lipids (lysophosphatidylcholines [lysoPCs]) accumulating during storage of cell-containing blood products are thought to be causative in onset of transfusion-related acute lung injury through activation of neutrophils. LysoPCs are thought to be derived from cell membrane degradation products such as phosphatidylcholines (PC) by partial hydrolysis of PC, a process that is catalyzed by phospholipase A(2)  (PLA(2) ).
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the underlying mechanisms of lysoPC generation and its contribution to in vitro neutrophil-priming capacity during storage of red blood cells (RBCs), platelet (PLTs) concentrates, and cell-free plasma. Blood from healthy volunteers was drawn, processed, and stored according to Sanquin Blood Bank protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Storage of RBCs in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) did not result in accumulation of lysoPCs or neutrophil-priming capacity. Replacement of SAGM by plasma as RBC storage medium caused elevated lysoPC levels on Day 0, which did not further increase during storage. Cell-free plasma stored at 22°C showed accumulation of lysoPCs during storage, which was not present at 4°C. Addition of a soluble PLA(2)  or cytosolic PLA(2)  inhibitor did not prevent accumulation of lysoPCs in plasma. In PLTs, lysoPC accumulation during storage was plasma dependent, but lysoPCs did not explain the observed neutrophil-priming effect as preventing accumulation of lysoPCs by removing the plasma fraction did not prevent the neutrophil-priming capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accumulation of lysoPCs during storage is not cell but plasma derived and storage temperature dependent and does not explain the neutrophil-priming effect of aged products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.p.vlaar@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Alexander P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vlaar
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.forename: Rienk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieuwland
authors.forename: Charlotte P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Anton T J
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Tool
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Bruggen
authors.forename: Nicole P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Juffermans
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Korte
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D001793:Blood Preservation; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; C400481:PLIalpha