title: Maternal psychosocial outcome after early onset preeclampsia and preterm birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of severe, early onset preeclampsia on long-term maternal psychosocial outcome after preterm birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with severe, early onset preeclampsia before 32 weeks' gestation (cases) admitted in a tertiary university referral center between 1993 and 2004, and women with preterm delivery without preeclampsia (controls), matched for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, and year of delivery. Women who consented to participation received three questionnaires in 2008 concerning depression (Zung Depression Scale: score range 0-20; 20 items with 2-point frequency scale: no = 0 and yes = 1), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale: score range 0-75; 15 items with 4-point frequency scale: not at all = 0, rarely = 1, sometimes = 3 and often = 5. Scores > 19 are regarded as high symptom levels), and social aspects (Social Readjustment Rating Scale: selection of six items concerning relational aspects with husband/partner, employer, or future family planning).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included in the study were 104 cases and 78 controls (response rate 79% and 58%, respectively). There was no difference in depression scores between cases (5.4 ± 4.0) and controls (5.4 ± 4.3). Patients with severe, early onset preeclampsia had significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (28.7 ± 8.6 vs. 25.7 ± 7.9). The majority of women among both cases and controls had high-posttraumatic stress symptom levels (88% vs. 79%). No differences could be found in relational aspects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with preterm birth due to severe, early onset preeclampsia experience more often posttraumatic stress symptoms on average 7 years after the pregnancy compared to women with preterm birth without preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. i.gaugler@jbz.nl
authors.forename: Ingrid P M
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gaugler-Senden
authors.forename: Hugo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Duivenvoorden
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filius
authors.forename: Christianne J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.forename: Eric A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Passchier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult