title: Identification of peripheral inflammatory markers between normal control and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple pathogenic factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Peripheral blood markers have been used to assess biochemical changes associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and involved in their pathophysiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples and clinical data were obtained from participants in the Ansan Geriatric Study (AGE study). Plasma concentrations of four candidate biomarkers were measured in the normal control (NC), MCI, and AD group: interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Body mass index (BMI), MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination), CDR(Clinical Dementia Rating) score and homocystein level were recorded with social and demographic information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total of 59 subjects were randomly selected for this analysis [NC (n = 21), MCI(n = 20) and AD(n = 18)]. In demographic data, educational year was correlated with the diagnosis states (p < 0.0001). No significant differences in cardiovascular disease, BMI and use of NSAIDs were found in MCI or AD group compared with NC group, respectively. The involvement of inflammatory illness or conditions in subjects, WBC count, fibrinogen and homocystein of the three groups, but no significant differences were found in each groups. The plasma IL-8 level was lower in MCI and AD patients compared with the normal control group (respectively, p < 0.0001). The MCI and AD patients had similar MCP-1, IL-10, and TNF-α level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests the existence of an independent and negative relationship between plasma IL-8 levels and functional status in MCI and AD patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Science, Division of Brain Diseases, National Institute of Health in Korea (KNIH), Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 643 Yeonje-ri, Gangoe-myeon, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sam-Moon
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Juhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Seungwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Changsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Moon Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Youngho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Sangmee Ahn
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Young-Youl
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011897:Random Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human