title: Functional divergences of GAPDH isoforms during early development in two perciform fish species.
abstract: Glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is involved in basic cell catabolic processes and, as it is thought to be continuously expressed, belongs to the group of housekeeping genes. Thus, it is frequently used as an internal control in quantitative gene expression studies. However, the evidence of different expression patterns in a broad range of organisms and tissues, as well as the occurrence of different isoforms, shows that GAPDH has to be reevaluated as an internal control in qPCR studies, and its annotation has to be enriched. GAPDH has been shown to be involved in the pathway of energy and carbon molecule supply as well as in transcription and apoptosis. In the present study, we isolated the two isoforms, GAPDH-1 and GAPDH-2, of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We inferred the phylogenetic relationships to ten other fish species and gave the gene structure of both genes. We further investigated gene expression analysis in both species for different developmental stages showing divergent gene expression of the two isoforms and the possible function of GAPDH-1 as a maternal gene.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics (I.M.B.G.), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Crete, Gournes Pediados, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece. sarris@her.hcmr.gr
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarropoulou
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nousdili
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kotoulas
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magoulas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001492:Bass / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D019295:Computational Biology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D016015:Logistic Models; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases