title: Candida albicans biofilm formation on soft denture liners and efficacy of cleaning protocols.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate Candida albicans biofilm formation on denture liners and to analyse the efficacy of cleaning protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens were prepared from four silicone-based soft denture liners. After artificial ageing and surface free energy determination, specimens were incubated with saliva (2 h) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 for either short- (2.5 h) or long-term (24 h) biofilm formation. Adherent cells were determined either after incubation of specimens with Candida albicans or after treatment with different denture cleaning protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and the Games-Howell test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both short- and long-term biofilm formation, similar amounts of Candida albicans cells were found on the surface of the different liners (p = 0.295 and 0.178, respectively). For both short- and long-term biofilm formation, the highest cleaning efficacy was observed for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; p < 0.01). The efficacy of the chemical denture cleaner in removing long-term Candida albicans biofilms was significantly lower than the efficacy of removal by brushing (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different silicone-based soft denture liners yield similar Candida albicans biofilm formation on their surface. The highest efficacy for the removal of Candida albicans biofilms was identified for NaOCl. Chemical denture cleaners appear to have rather low efficacy to remove mature Candida albicans biofilms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. sebastian.hahnel@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hahnel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosentritt
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bürgers
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Handel
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000502:physiology; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003822:Denture Liners / Q000382:microbiology*; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D003820:Denture Cleansers; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D008689:Methacrylates; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D012828:Silicones; D014100:Toothpastes; C483158:Ufi gel; D014867:Water; C073909:GC Soft-Liner; C027946:methylene iodide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D019855:Ethylene Glycol