title: Comparison of free tarsoconjunctival grafts and Hughes tarsoconjunctival grafts for lower eyelid reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the use of free autogenous tarsoconjunctival (TC) grafts and Hughes TC flaps in the practice of one of the authors (MJH) and compare complications and outcomes and develop a rationale for the selection of surgical technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective comparative case series of 70 patients who underwent reconstructive surgery for a major full-thickness lower eyelid defect using a free autogenous TC graft or Hughes TC pedicle flap by one of the authors (MJH). Rates of complications, including erythema of the eyelid margin, eyelid position abnormalities, and need for additional surgeries, were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 15-year period, 70 patients with full-thickness lower eyelid defects were treated with autogenous TC grafts and flaps. The average age of the patients receiving a free TC graft was younger than the average age of patients receiving a Hughes TC graft (63 versus 73 years, p < 0.001). Patients with a free TC graft were more likely to have a smaller eyelid defect than the patients receiving a Hughes TC graft (52% versus 72%, p < 0.001). Patients receiving a free TC graft were less likely to require surgery to repair eyelid margin erythema than those in receiving a Hughes TC flap (one patient [2%] versus 5 patients [19%], respectively [odds ratio = 0.10, confidence interval = 0.01 to 0.95]). The average follow up was 22 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free TC flaps associated with mycocutaneous advancement flaps are less likely to lead to complications of eyelid margin erythema and subsequent revision surgery than Hughes TC flaps with full-thickness skin grafts.
authors.affiliation: mjhawes1@mac.com
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000637:transplantation*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult