title: Cannabis use and psychosis: re-visiting the role of childhood trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cannabis consumption continues to be identified as a causal agent in the onset and development of psychosis. However, recent findings have shown that the effect of cannabis on psychosis may be moderated by childhood traumatic experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using hierarchical multivariate logistic analyses the current study examined both the independent effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis diagnosis and the combined effect of cannabis consumption and childhood sexual abuse on psychosis diagnosis using data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (n=7403).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings suggested that cannabis consumption was predictive of psychosis diagnosis in a bivariate model; however, when estimated within a multivariate model that included childhood sexual abuse, the effect of cannabis use was attenuated and was not statistically significant. The multivariate analysis revealed that those who had experienced non-consensual sex in childhood were over six times [odds ratio (OR) 6.10] more likely to have had a diagnosis of psychosis compared with those who had not experienced this trauma. There was also a significant interaction. Individuals with a history of non-consensual sexual experience and cannabis consumption were over seven times more likely (OR 7.84) to have been diagnosed with psychosis compared with those without these experiences; however, this finding must be interpreted with caution as it emerged within an overall analytical step which was non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies examining the effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis should adjust analyses for childhood trauma. Childhood trauma may advance existing gene-environment conceptualisations of the cannabis-psychosis link.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. james.houston@ntu.ac.uk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shevlin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012306:Risk