title: Cis-regulation of microRNA expression by scaffold/matrix-attachment regions.
abstract: microRNAs (miRNAs) spatio-temporally modulate gene expression; however, very little is known about the regulation of their expression. Here, we hypothesized that the well-known cis-regulatory elements of gene expression, scaffold/matrix-attachment regions (MARs) could modulate miRNA expression. Accordingly, we found MARs to be enriched in the upstream regions of miRNA genes. To determine their role in cell type-specific expression of miRNAs, we examined four individual miRNAs (let-7b, miR-17, miR-93 and miR-221) and the miR-17-92 cluster, known to be overexpressed in neuroblastoma. Our results show that MARs indeed define the cell-specific expression of these miRNAs by tethering the chromatin to nuclear matrix. This is brought about by cell type-specific binding of HMG I/Y protein to MARs that then promotes the local acetylation of histones, serving as boundary elements for gene activation. The binding, chromatin tethering and gene activation by HMG I/Y was not observed in fibroblast control cells but were restricted to neuroblastoma cells. This study implies that the association of MAR binding proteins to MARs could dictate the tissue/context specific regulation of miRNA genes by serving as a boundary element signaling the transcriptional activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Center Sahlgrenska, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pavithra Lakshminarasimhan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chavali
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funa
authors.forename: Sreenivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chavali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D025741:HMGA1a Protein / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019901:Locus Control Region; D045170:Matrix Attachment Regions; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D025741:HMGA1a Protein