title: Stroke rehabilitation.
abstract: Stroke is a common, serious, and disabling global health-care problem, and rehabilitation is a major part of patient care. There is evidence to support rehabilitation in well coordinated multidisciplinary stroke units or through provision of early supported provision of discharge teams. Potentially beneficial treatment options for motor recovery of the arm include constraint-induced movement therapy and robotics. Promising interventions that could be beneficial to improve aspects of gait include fitness training, high-intensity therapy, and repetitive-task training. Repetitive-task training might also improve transfer functions. Occupational therapy can improve activities of daily living; however, information about the clinical effect of various strategies of cognitive rehabilitation and strategies for aphasia and dysarthria is scarce. Several large trials of rehabilitation practice and of novel therapies (eg, stem-cell therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, virtual reality, robotic therapies, and drug augmentation) are underway to inform future practice.
authors.affiliation: Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. peter.langhorne@glasgow.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langhorne
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kwakkel
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005684:Gait; D006699:Home Care Services; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D009147:Music Therapy; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D010348:Patient Care Team; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012371:Robotics; D013070:Speech Therapy; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation