title: Extraction and analysis of fumonisins and compounds indicative of fumonisin exposure in plant and mammalian tissues and cultured cells.
abstract: Fumonisin mycotoxins are common contaminants in many grains, often at very low levels. Maize is -particularly problematic as one of the organisms that commonly produce fumonisins, the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, often exists as an endophyte of maize. Fumonisin is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme ceramide synthase, and this inhibition results in the accumulation of a variety of upstream compounds, most notably, the sphingoid bases sphingosine, sphinganine, 1-deoxysphinganine and, in plants, phytosphingosine. Fumonisin exposure results in a wide variety of species, sex, and strain-specific responses. This method provides a relatively fast means of extracting fumonisins, sphingoid bases, and sphingoid base 1-phosphates from tissues and cells, as well as the subsequent analyses and quantification of these compounds using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: USDA - ARS, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, R.B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA. nik.zitomer@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Zitomer
authors.forename: Ronald T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005612:Freeze Drying; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; D010710:Phosphates; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C108138:dihydroceramide desaturase; C012491:phytosphingosine; D013110:Sphingosine