title: Codon usage: nature's roadmap to expression and folding of proteins.
abstract: Biomedical and biotechnological research relies on processes leading to the successful expression and production of key biological products. High-quality proteins are required for many purposes, including protein structural and functional studies. Protein expression is the culmination of multistep processes involving regulation at the level of transcription, mRNA turnover, protein translation, and post-translational modifications leading to the formation of a stable product. Although significant strides have been achieved over the past decade, advances toward integrating genomic and proteomic information are essential, and until such time, many target genes and their products may not be fully realized. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide some experimental support and a brief overview of how codon usage bias has evolved relative to regulating gene expression levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. Evelina.angov@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angov
mesh_terms: D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D023281:Genomics; D008954:Models, Biological; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods; D017510:Protein Folding; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins