title: Dietary patterns among British adults: compatibility with dietary guidelines for salt/sodium, fat, saturated fat and sugars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine dietary patterns among British adults, associations with Na and macronutrient intakes, and implications for dietary advice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Principal component analysis of 7 d weighed dietary records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults aged 19-64 years (n 1724).
  
  
  METHODS
  National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2000/2001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High Na intake was associated with more energy-dense diets, higher in fat and SFA (percentage of energy) but lower in non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). Eight patterns (PC1 to PC8) explained 40 % of the total variance in food intakes. Three patterns - PC3 (high loadings on bread, fats and cheese), PC2 (meat products, eggs and chips) and PC7 (red meat, sauces and alcohol) - were associated with high Na intake. Of these, PC3 correlated with high Na density and Na:K ratio, while PC2 correlated with fat. By contrast, three patterns - 'health-conscious' (PC1; vegetables, fruit, fruit juice, fish), 'breakfast cereals and milk' (PC6) and 'chicken and rice' (PC8) - were associated with modest Na intake, lower Na density and lower fat and SFA. PC2 was positively correlated, and PC1 was negatively correlated, with adding salt to food. Other patterns were 'tea/coffee and cakes' (PC4; associated with high SFA and NMES) and 'soft drinks and snacks' (PC5; associated with high NMES but not fat or SFA). The dietary patterns of males and females differed slightly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary patterns PC1, PC6, PC8 (vegetables, fruit, fish, milk, breakfast cereals, poultry) were broadly compatible with guidelines for salt, fat, SFA and NMES. However, other patterns tended to be high in either salt or NMES.
authors.affiliation: SiG-Nurture Ltd, Guildford, Surrey, GU1 2TF, UK. sigrid@sig-nurture.com
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012982:Sodium, Dietary