title: Adjuvants for enhancing the immunogenicity of whole tumor cell vaccines.
abstract: Whole tumor cell lysates can serve as excellent multivalent vaccines for priming tumor-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Whole cell vaccines can be prepared with hypochlorous acid oxidation, UVB-irradiation and repeat cycles of freeze and thaw. One major obstacle to successful immunotherapy is breaking self-tolerance to tumor antigens. Clinically approved adjuvants, including Montanide™ ISA-51 and 720, and keyhole-limpet proteins can be used to enhance tumor cell immunogenicity by stimulating both humoral and cellular anti-tumor responses. Other potential adjuvants, such as Toll-like receptor agonists (e.g., CpG, MPLA and PolyI:C), and cytokines (e.g., granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor), have also been investigated.
authors.affiliation: Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6142, USA.
authors.forename: Cheryl Lai-Lai
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Lana E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kandalaft
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coukos
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000276:immunology; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D009829:Oleic Acids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C477385:montanide ISA 51; C001681:mannide monooleate; D008353:Mannitol; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin