title: Microtubule assembly affects bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast functions: stathmin deficiency produces an osteopenic phenotype in mice.
abstract: Cytoskeleton microtubules regulate various cell signaling pathways that are involved in bone cell function. We recently reported that inhibition of microtubule assembly by microtubule-targeting drugs stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. To further elucidate the role of microtubules in bone homeostasis, we characterized the skeletal phenotype of mice null for stathmin, an endogenous protein that inhibits microtubule assembly. In vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histology revealed that stathmin deficiency results in a significant reduction of bone mass in adult mice concurrent with decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast numbers in bone tissues. Phenotypic analyses of primary calvarial cells and bone marrow cells showed that stathmin deficiency inhibited osteoblast differentiation and induced osteoclast formation. In vitro overexpression studies showed that increased stathmin levels enhanced osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived cells and attenuated osteoclast formation from osteoclast precursor Raw264.7 cells and bone marrow cells. Results of immunofluorescent studies indicated that overexpression of stathmin disrupted radial microtubule filaments, whereas deficiency of stathmin stabilized the microtubule network structure in these bone cells. In addition, microtubule-targeting drugs that inhibit microtubule assembly and induce osteoblast differentiation lost these effects in the absence of stathmin. Collectively, these results suggest that stathmin, which alters microtubule dynamics, plays an essential role in maintenance of postnatal bone mass by regulating both osteoblast and osteoclast functions in bone. \
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rongrong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Seon-Yle
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Babatunde O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Oyajobi
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Papasian
authors.forename: Hong-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D050777:Stathmin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D000075746:Zinc Finger Protein Gli2
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; C000618551:Gli2 protein, mouse; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D050777:Stathmin; D000075746:Zinc Finger Protein Gli2