title: Bullying in schoolchildren - its relationship to dental appearance and psychosocial implications: an update for GDPs.
abstract: Bullying in school-aged children is a global phenomenon. The effects of bullying can be both short- and long-term, resulting in both physiological and psychological symptoms. It is likely that dental care professionals will encounter children who are subjected to bullying. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the incidence of bullying, the types of bullying, the effects of bullying and the interventions aimed at combating bullying in schoolchildren. The role of dentofacial aesthetics and the relationship of bullying and the presence of a malocclusion are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Maxillofacial Unit, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury, Kent CT1 3NG.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seehra
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: DiBiase
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D019140:Dental Care for Children / Q000523:psychology*; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D004955:Esthetics, Dental / Q000523:psychology*; D005792:General Practice, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000523:psychology*