title: microRNAs in neurons: manifold regulatory roles at the synapse.
abstract: The regulation of synapse formation and plasticity in the developing and adult brain underlies a complex interplay of intrinsic genetic programs and extrinsic factors. Recent research identified microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, as a new functional layer in this regulatory network. Within only a few years, a network of synaptic miRNAs and their target genes has been extensively characterized, highlighting the importance of this mechanism for synapse development and physiology. Very recent data further provide insight into activity-dependent regulation of miRNAs, thereby connecting miRNAs with adaptive processes of neural circuits. First direct links between miRNA dysfunction and synaptic pathologies are emerging, raising the interest in these molecules as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in neurological disorders.
authors.affiliation: Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften, SFB488 Junior Group, Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Neuroanatomie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schratt
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D035683:MicroRNAs; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated