title: The role of surgical treatment in orbital vascular anomalies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The details of the surgical treatment of orbital vascular anomalies (OVAs) are not fully defined in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-nine patients who underwent surgical treatment of OVAs at our institution between January 1995 and December 2005 were included in a consecutive-series study. Each patient's clinical data, technique details, and clinical outcomes were prospectively collected. The aesthetic results were analyzed according to clinical features and treatment by using the χ                            (2) association test or Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven percent of the patients had OVAs involving the upper eyelid, 23% the lower lid, and 40% both eyelids. A complete resection was performed in 65.9% of the patients. A total of 379 surgeries were performed to achieve the final result. The majority of patients (98.3%) had no complaints about surgical scars. The majority of patients had no clinical treatment prior to the surgery. One or more clinical deformities were identified in association with the OVA. Those deformities included ptosis, scar sequelae due to ulceration/infection, eyelash or tarsal/ligament distortions, fibroadipose tissue residues, proptosis, or strabism. Bone deformities were present in 11.3% of the patients. A complete functional and aesthetic restoration was achieved in 66.6% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes with a significant relationship to not obtain complete functional and aesthetic restoration included involvement of both eyelids, upper-eyelid involvement, older age, bilateral involvement, diffuse facial pattern OVAs, and OVAs with dimensions greater than one third of the orbit dimension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hospital A. C. Camargo, Antonio Prudente Foundation, Rua Prof. Antonio Prudente, 211-Liberdade, São Paulo, 01509-900, Brazil. akdutra@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Alexandre Katalinic
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.forename: Ademar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Mauro Kazuo
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Heloisa Galvão
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: do Amaral Campos
authors.forename: André Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: José Hermílio
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Curado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult