title: The spectrum of isolated congenital nasal deformities resembling the cleft lip nasal morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the intrinsic (hypoplasia) and extrinsic (deformational) contributions to congenital nasal deformities and the potential of a carrier state for orofacial clefting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factors affecting 4 congenital nasal deformities are postulated after contrasting the patient's characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spectrum of congenital nasal deformities includes those that resemble the cleft lip nasal deformity, but careful inspection is needed for proper classification. Classifying congenital nasal deformities can be difficult in part due to the highly variable normal range. The most minor form of the typical unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is the microform cleft. The potential of an isolated cleft lip nasal deformity without obvious cleft lip has been previously suggested to represent a carrier state for orofacial clefting. Definitive genetic studies and continued anthropometric documentation in relatives of patients with orofacial clefts are needed if we are to uncover previously unidentified associations, and a potential carrier state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. tttollefson@gmail.com
authors.forename: Travis T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tollefson
authors.forename: Clinton D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: Wayne F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Larrabee
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Adelson
authors.forename: Kian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kriet
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies