title: Widespread pain in chronic epicondylitis.
abstract: We studied the associations of widespread pain with other pain and functional measures among patients with chronic epicondylitis. A total of 190 patients (66% females) participated in the study; with a mean age 43.7, mean duration of symptoms 48weeks, chronic lateral (n=160) and medial (n=30) epicondylitis. We analysed clinical status, grip strength and cubital pain thresholds and interviewed pain and disability, leisure time physical activity, strenuous hobby activities for arms, duration of symptoms, other systemic and upper extremity disorders, arm operations, and work ability. The location of pain was analysed using a whole-body pain drawing, categorized into three groups; the highest of which was classified as widespread pain. A total of 85 patients (45%) reported widespread pain. It was highly associated with female gender, high pain scores, decreased grip strength and pain thresholds (p<0.001 for all), with increased number of positive manual tests, low level of hobby strain for arms and physical activity, long duration of symptoms, and sick leave (p for all <0.05). It was also related to upper extremity disorders and arm surgery, but not with operated epicondylitis, other systemic diseases, workload or work ability. In addition, 39% of patients without other disease reported widespread pain. Widespread pain is common in chronic epicondylitis with and without other diseases, and is related to high pain scores, decreased function of the arm, long duration of symptoms, sick leave, and with a low level of physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Social Insurance Institution, Regional Office for Northern Finland, Oulu, Finland. tuomo.pienimaki@fysi.fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pienimäki
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siira
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vanharanta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010808:Physical Examination; D012737:Sex Factors; D013716:Tennis Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology*