title: Histone H4K20me3 and HP1α are late heterochromatin markers in development, but present in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
abstract: We report here that the formation of heterochromatin in cell nuclei during mouse development is characterised by dynamic changes in the epigenetic modifications of histones. Our observations reveal that heterochromatin in mouse preimplantation embryos is in an immature state that lacks the constitutive heterochromatin markers histone H4 trimethyl Lys20 (H4K20me3) and chromobox homolog 5 (HP1α, also known as CBX5). Remarkably, these somatic heterochromatin hallmarks are not detectable--except in mural trophoblast--until mid-gestation, increasing in level during foetal development. Our results support a developmentally regulated connection between HP1α and H4K20me3. Whereas inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast stain negative for H4K20me3 and HP1α, embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, by contrast, stain positive for these markers, indicating substantial chromatin divergence. We conclude that H4K20me3 and HP1α are late developmental epigenetic markers, and slow maturation of heterochromatin in tissues that develop from ICM is ectopically induced during ES cell derivation. Our findings suggest that H4K20me3 and HP1α are markers for cell type commitment that can be triggered by developmental or cell context, independently of the differentiation process.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH164SB, UK. Tuempong.Wongtawan@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tuempong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wongtawan
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kirstie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wilmut
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pennings
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005855:Germ Layers / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009028:Morula / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015053:Zygote / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C000715594:CBX5 protein, human; C000715595:CBX5 protein, mouse; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D006570:Heterochromatin; D006657:Histones; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase