title: On the efficacy of spatial sampling using manual scanning paths to determine the spatial average sound pressure level in rooms.
abstract: In architectural acoustics, noise control and environmental noise, there are often steady-state signals for which it is necessary to measure the spatial average, sound pressure level inside rooms. This requires using fixed microphone positions, mechanical scanning devices, or manual scanning. In comparison with mechanical scanning devices, the human body allows manual scanning to trace out complex geometrical paths in three-dimensional space. To determine the efficacy of manual scanning paths in terms of an equivalent number of uncorrelated samples, an analytical approach is solved numerically. The benchmark used to assess these paths is a minimum of five uncorrelated fixed microphone positions at frequencies above 200 Hz. For paths involving an operator walking across the room, potential problems exist with walking noise and non-uniform scanning speeds. Hence, paths are considered based on a fixed standing position or rotation of the body about a fixed point. In empty rooms, it is shown that a circle, helix, or cylindrical-type path satisfy the benchmark requirement with the latter two paths being highly efficient at generating large number of uncorrelated samples. In furnished rooms where there is limited space for the operator to move, an efficient path comprises three semicircles with 45°-60° separations.
authors.affiliation: Acoustics Research Unit, School of Architecture, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZN, United Kingdom. carl.hopkins@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001132:Arm / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D049628:Body Size; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009068:Movement; D009622:Noise / Q000517:prevention & control; D011312:Pressure; D012399:Rotation; D013016:Sound; D016138:Walking