title: Examining gender differences in emerging tobacco use using the Adolescents' Need For Smoking Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of gender on emerging tobacco use by testing for gender-based measurement invariance of the Adolescents' Need for Smoking Scale (ANSS) and examining gender differences on each dimension across increasing levels of amount smoked.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen secondary schools located in British Columbia, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 1425 youth who reported smoking at least once in the past month.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey questions about demographic characteristics, tobacco smoking history and need for smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multi-dimensional structure of the ANSS is equivalent in boys and girls and the ANSS questions are not gender-biased. There were no significant gender differences in the levels of physical dependence across increasing levels of amount smoked. Girls scored higher than boys on levels of emotional dependence across increasing levels of life-time cigarette exposure. Girls also had higher scores on the social dimension of the ANSS compared to boys among those who smoked 100 or more cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canadian girls score higher than boys on measures of emotional dependence and social attitudes associated with tobacco smoking.
authors.affiliation: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. chris.richardson@ubc.ca
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Memetovic
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: Joy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001955:British Columbia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D012574:Schools; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*