title: Role of whole-body staging computed tomographic scans for detecting distant metastases in patients with bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to establish the incidence of distant metastases on whole-body computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and to determine whether there is a significant difference in the incidence of metastases in patients with superficial and muscle invasive cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 201 patients who had a proven histological diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and a whole-body staging CT scan at diagnosis were identified from our MDT database during a 36-month period. Imaging was retrospectively reviewed with view to recording site, if any, of distant metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 201 patients, 11 (5.5%) were found to have distant metastases on CT. In univariable models, staging was not associated with either age (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.04; P = 0.4) or sex (Fisher exact test, P = 0.07). Mean (SD) age was 74.1 (10.5) years. There was a significant association between staging and metastasis (odds ratio, 19.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-infinity; P = 0.0003). Of the patients, 7% of males had metastases versus 0% of the females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staging CT scans for assessment of distant metastatic disease in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer can be restricted to patients with muscle invasive disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK. arajesh27@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.forename: Heminder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sokhi
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mulcahy
authors.forename: Michael J G
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bankart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007479:Iopamidol; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007479:Iopamidol