title: High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats.
abstract: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is increasing. Development of adequate therapy for metabolic syndrome requires an animal model that mimics the human disease state. Therefore, we have characterized the metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, and pancreatic changes in male Wistar rats (8-9 weeks old) fed on a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet including condensed milk (39.5%), beef tallow (20%), and fructose (17.5%) together with 25% fructose in drinking water; control rats were fed a cornstarch diet. During 16 weeks on this diet, rats showed progressive increases in body weight, energy intake, abdominal fat deposition, and abdominal circumference along with impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased plasma leptin and malondialdehyde concentrations. Cardiovascular signs included increased systolic blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction together with inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, increased stiffness, and delayed repolarization in the left ventricle of the heart. The liver showed increased wet weight, fat deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis with increased plasma activity of liver enzymes. The kidneys showed inflammation and fibrosis, whereas the pancreas showed increased islet size. In comparison with other models of diabetes and obesity, this diet-induced model more closely mimics the changes observed in human metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Panchal
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poudyal
authors.forename: Abishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Reeza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nazer
authors.forename: Md Ashraful
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diwan
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kauter
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sernia
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gobe
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenning
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species