title: EMG telemetry studies on upstream migration of chum salmon in the Toyohira River, Hokkaido, Japan.
abstract: The movements of 28 adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) tagged with electromyogram (EMG) transmitters were tracked along the Toyohira river, Hokkaido, Japan, in October of 2007 and 2008 to investigate and evaluate the upstream migratory behavior through the protection bed and fishway of ground sills. The approach time of fish that ascended successfully through the protection bed and fishway was shorter than that of unsuccessful fish. The unsuccessful fish were observed to swim in currents with high water velocity and shallow water depth at swimming speeds that exceeded their critical swimming speed (U (crit)) during the approach to these structures. In consequence, unsuccessful fish frequently alternated between burst and maximum sustained speeds without ever ascending the fishway, and eventually became exhausted. It is important that fishway are constructed to enable chum salmon to find a passage way easily, so that they can migrate upstream rapidly without wasting excessive energy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makiguchi
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakashita
authors.forename: Hisaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004576:Electromyography; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D017685:Oncorhynchus keta / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D045483:Rivers; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013686:Telemetry