title: The dynamics of the urge-to-smoke following smoking cessation via pharmacotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine person-specific urge-to-smoke trajectories during the first 7 days of abstinence and the relationship of trajectory parameters to continuous abstinence, demographics, medication and smoking history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hierarchical linear modeling was used to model person-specific trajectories for urge-to-smoke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university-based smoking cessation trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment-seeking smokers in a clinical trial of transdermal nicotine (n = 275) versus nicotine spray (n = 239) and of bupropion (n = 223) versus placebo (n = 198).
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported urge-to-smoke for 7 days after the planned quit date, and 7-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence at end of treatment (EOT) and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urge-to-smoke trajectory parameters (average level, slope, curvature and volatility) varied substantially among individuals, had modest intercorrelations and predicted continuous and point prevalence abstinence at EOT and at 6 months. Higher trajectory level, slope and volatility were all significantly (P ≤ 0.001) associated with a reduced likelihood of abstinence at EOT (odds ratios 0.44-0.75) and at 6-month follow-up (odds ratios from 0.63 to 0.78), controlling for demographic, medication and smoking use variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher urge-to-smoke trajectory parameters of level, slope and volatility (measured over 7 days) predict continuous and 7-day point prevalence at EOT and 6 months. Although there were some associations of trajectory parameters with demographics and smoking history, the associations of trajectory parameters with relapse were relatively uninfluenced by demographics and smoking history.
authors.affiliation: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. harold.javitz@sri.com
authors.forename: Harold S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Javitz
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010919:Placebos; D012008:Recurrence; D057566:Self Report; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D057968:Transdermal Patch; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D010919:Placebos; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine