title: Changes in selected biochemical indices resulting from various pre-sampling handling techniques in broilers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since it is not yet clear whether it is possible to satisfactorily avoid sampling-induced stress interference in poultry, more studies on the pattern of physiological response and detailed quantification of stress connected with the first few minutes of capture and pre-sampling handling in poultry are required. This study focused on detection of changes in the corticosterone level and concentrations of other selected biochemical parameters in broilers handled in two different manners during blood sampling (involving catching, carrying, restraint, and blood collection itself) that lasted for various time periods within the interval 30-180 seconds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stress effects of pre-sampling handling were studied in a group (n = 144) of unsexed ROSS 308 broiler chickens aged 42 d. Handling (catching, carrying, restraint, and blood sampling itself) was carried out in a gentle (caught, held and carried carefully in an upright position) or rough (caught by the leg, held and carried with lack of care in inverted position) manner and lasted for 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s, 150 s, and 180 s. Plasma corticosterone, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, lactate, triglycerides and total protein were measured in order to assess the stress-induced changes to these biochemical indices following handling in the first few minutes of capture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-sampling handling in a rough manner resulted in considerably higher plasma concentrations of all biochemical indices monitored when compared with gentle handling. Concentrations of plasma corticosterone after 150 and 180 s of handling were considerably higher (P < 0.01) than concentrations after 30-120 s of handling regardless of handling technique. Concentrations of plasma lactate were also increased by prolonged handling duration. Handling for 90-180 seconds resulted in a highly significant elevation of lactate concentration in comparison with 30 s handling regardless of handling technique. Similarly to corticosterone concentrations, a strong positive correlation was found between plasma lactate and duration of pre-sampling handling. Other biochemical indices monitored did not show any correlation pattern in connection with duration of pre-sampling handling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the pre-sampling procedure may be a considerably stressful procedure for broilers, particularly when carried out with lack of care and exceeding 120 seconds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science Brno 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chloupek
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bedanova
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chloupek
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vecerek
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D003345:Corticosterone