title: Effect of eyelid manipulation and manual jugular compression on intraocular pressure measurement in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of eyelid manipulation and manual jugular compression on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in clinically normal dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 dogs (57 eyes) without diseases or medications that affect IOP.
  
  
  METHODS
  An applanation tonometer was used to measure IOP during eyelid manipulation or jugular compression. Six manipulations were used in each eye, including minimal eyelid manipulation, maximal dorsoventral extension of the eyelids, lateral eyelid extension, manual compression of the ipsilateral jugular vein, manual compression of both jugular veins, and lateral eyelid extension with manual compression of both jugular veins. Skull type and position of globe in the orbit were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 manipulations that caused the greatest significant increase in mean IOP were lateral eyelid extension with compression of both jugular veins (difference from baseline IOP, 17.6 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.7 to 19.5 mm Hg) and lateral eyelid extension alone (16.5 mm Hg; 95% CI, 14.6 to 18.4 mm Hg). Dorsoventral eyelid extension (6.42 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.5 to 8.3 mm Hg) and compression of both jugular veins alone (3.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.0 mm Hg) significantly increased mean IOP, compared with baseline. Compression of the ipsilateral jugular vein increased mean IOP (0.3 mm Hg; 95% CI, -1.6 to 2.2 mm Hg) from baseline, but not significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traction on the eyelids or pressure on both jugular veins can significantly increase IOP values as measured by use of applanation tonometry in clinically normal dogs.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Sheryl G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Krohne
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stiles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000502:physiology*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000662:veterinary