title: Nutrient-induced inflammation in the intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our current understanding of the relationship between absorption of nutrients and intestinal inflammatory response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is increasing evidence linking gut local inflammatory events with the intake of nutrients. Our recent studies, using the conscious lymph fistula rat model, demonstrate that fat absorption activates the intestinal mucosal mast cells. This is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the lymphatic release of mast cell mediators including histamine, rat mucosal mast cell protease II (RMCPII), as well as the lipid mediator prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). Clinical studies suggest that increased consumption of animal fat may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This impact of dietary fat may not be restricted to the gut but may extend to the whole body. There is evidence linking a high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome, with a low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In this review, we hope to convince the readers that fat absorption can have far reaching physiological and pathophysiological consequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the relationship between nutrient absorption and intestinal inflammation is important. We need a better understanding of the interaction between enterocytes and the intestinal immune cells in nutrient absorption and the gut inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tso
mesh_terms: D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000473:pathology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D006632:Histamine; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C057818:cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific serine protease; D015230:Prostaglandin D2