title: Effects of spray drying on physicochemical properties of chitosan acid salts.
abstract: The effects of spray-drying process and acidic solvent system on physicochemical properties of chitosan salts were investigated. Chitosan used in spray dryings was obtained by deacetylation of chitin from lobster (Panulirus argus) origin. The chitosan acid salts were prepared in a laboratory-scale spray drier, and organic acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid were used as solvents in the process. The physicochemical properties of chitosan salts were investigated by means of solid-state CP-MAS (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and near-infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of spray-dried chitosan acid salts showed tendency toward higher sphericity when higher temperatures in a spray-drying process were applied. Analysis by XRPD indicated that all chitosan acid salts studied were amorphous solids. Solid-state (13)C NMR spectra revealed the evidence of the partial conversion of chitosan acetate to chitin and also conversion to acetyl amide form which appears to be dependent on the spray-drying process. The FTIR spectra suggested that the organic acids applied in spray drying may interact with chitosan at the position of amino groups to form chitosan salts. With all three chitosan acid salts, the FTIR bands at 1,597 and 1,615 cm(-1) were diminished suggesting that -NH groups are protonated. The FTIR spectra of all chitosan acid salts exhibited ammonium and carboxylate bands at 1,630 and 1,556 cm(-1), respectively. In conclusion, spray drying is a potential method of preparing acid salts from chitosan obtained by deacetylation of chitin from lobster (P. argus) origin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, La Coronela, La Lisa, Cuba.
authors.forename: Mirna Fernández
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinämäki
authors.forename: Nilia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de la Paz
authors.forename: Orestes
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Sirkka Liisa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Maunu
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatanpää
authors.forename: Osmo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Antikainen
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fundora
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yliruusi
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000592:standards; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000592:standards; D033521:Palinuridae; D010316:Particle Size; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D012492:Salts; C408130:chitosan citrate; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D019342:Acetic Acid