title: Identification of the botanical origin of commercial pine nuts responsible for dysgeusia by gas-liquid chromatography analysis of Fatty Acid profile.
abstract: Over the last 10 years, complaints were increasingly reported from consumers that experienced dysgeusia following the consumption of pine nuts. In the present study, pine nuts samples (N = 16) from consumers that reported dysgeusia have been analyzed to identify the botanical origin of critical pine nuts samples. The fatty acid composition of the samples was performed, and diagnostic index values were used to identify the botanical origin of the samples. Pinus armandii nuts were identified in all the samples pure or in mixture with P. koraiensis nuts. P. armandii is not reported as edible pine nuts by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). This study confirmed that consumption of P. armandii nuts may lead to dysgeusia. Based on the present study and previous work, we advise import companies to trade pine nuts from traditionally recognized species such as P. pinea, P. sibirica, P. koraiensis, or P. gerardiana.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Destaillats
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz-Hernandez
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: Fabiola
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dionisi
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mostin
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verstegen