title: Antibody and B-cell responses may control circulating lipopolysaccharide in patients with HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between plasma markers of microbial translocation and antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and circulating memory B cells in patients with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive (n = 23) and ART-treated (n = 27) HIV patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibodies to LPS and immunoglobulins, assayed in stored serum, and matched memory B-cell counts were correlated with levels of LPS and bacterial 16S ribosome DNA (16S rDNA), assayed in stored plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ART-naive patients, plasma LPS levels correlated inversely with serum levels of IgG and IgA antibodies to LPS (P = 0.03 and 0.006, respectively), serum levels of IgA anti-LPS correlated with total IgA (P < 0.0001) and levels of IgG anti-LPS correlated with IgM(+) memory B-cell counts (P = 0.025). In ART-treated patients, plasma LPS levels were not related to levels of LPS antibodies, but were related to CD4(+) T-cell and switched memory B-cell counts. There were no correlations with plasma levels of 16S rDNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma LPS levels were associated with antibody and possibly B-cell responses to LPS in ART-naive HIV patients, whereas they were associated with the degree of immune reconstitution in ART-treated patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Afsana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Lloyd J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: D'Orsogna
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajasuriar
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramski
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Damian F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Martyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: French
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides