title: Role of surface chemistry in protein remodeling at the cell-material interface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cell-material interaction is a complex bi-directional and dynamic process that mimics to a certain extent the natural interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix. Cells tend to adhere and rearrange adsorbed extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the material surface in a fibril-like pattern. Afterwards, the ECM undergoes proteolytic degradation, which is a mechanism for the removal of the excess ECM usually approximated with remodeling. ECM remodeling is a dynamic process that consists of two opposite events: assembly and degradation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This work investigates matrix protein dynamics on mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of -OH and -CH(3) terminated alkanethiols. SAMs assembled on gold are highly ordered organic surfaces able to provide different chemical functionalities and well-controlled surface properties. Fibronectin (FN) was adsorbed on the different surfaces and quantified in terms of the adsorbed surface density, distribution and conformation. Initial cell adhesion and signaling on FN-coated SAMs were characterized via the formation of focal adhesions, integrin expression and phosphorylation of FAKs. Afterwards, the reorganization and secretion of FN was assessed. Finally, matrix degradation was followed via the expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 and correlated with Runx2 levels. We show that matrix degradation at the cell material interface depends on surface chemistry in MMP-dependent way.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides a broad overview of matrix remodeling at the cell-material interface, establishing correlations between surface chemistry, FN adsorption, cell adhesion and signaling, matrix reorganization and degradation. The reported findings improve our understanding of the role of surface chemistry as a key parameter in the design of new biomaterials. It demonstrates the ability of surface chemistry to direct proteolytic routes at the cell-material interface, which gains a distinct bioengineering interest as a new tool to trigger matrix degradation in different biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Llopis-Hernández
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ballester-Beltrán
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moratal
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmerón-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D002477:Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases