title: Epidemiological features of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Taiwanese children: a Nation-Wide Analysis of Cases during 1997-2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiological characteristics of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in ethnic Chinese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the National Health Insurance claims database and analyzed data from children less than one year of age who had been diagnosed with IHPS (ICD-9-CM 750.5) and had undergone pyloromyotomy (ICD-9-CM 43.3). We analyzed the incidence, gender, age at diagnosis, length of hospital stay, seasonal variation and cost of IHPS from data collected between January 1997 and December 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,077 infants met inclusion criteria, including 889 boys and 188 girls. The annual incidence of IHPS ranged from 0.30 to 0.47 per 1,000 live births with a mean incidence of 0.39 per 1,000 live births. Between 2002 and 2007, the incidence showed a declining trend (P = 0.025) with coincidentally increasing trends for both exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.014) and breastfeeding plus bottle feeding (P = 0.004). The male-to-female rate ratio was dynamic and increased from 3.03 during the first two weeks of life to 8.94 during the 8(th) through 10th weeks of life. The overall male-to-female rate ratio was 4.30. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.1 ± 2.4 days. After analyzing the months of birth and hospital admission, no seasonal variation associated with IHPS was detected. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.28 ± 7.10 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of IHPS in Taiwan, a country with a majority ethnic Chinese population, was lower than observed incidences in Caucasian populations living in Western countries. Breastfeeding campaigns and low maternal smoking rates may contribute to the lower incidence of IHPS in Taiwan. However, additional studies with longer follow-up periods are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mee-Mee
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Solomon Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Yow-Yue
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Teck-Siang
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tok
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ching-Tien
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: An-Chyi
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D046248:Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D012042:Registries; D012621:Seasons; D013624:Taiwan; D013997:Time Factors