title: Hemodynamic characteristics of midazolam, propofol, and dexmedetomidine in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of intravenous (IV) sedation on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rates (RR) to determine if IV sedatives differ with respect to their effect on BP, HR, and RR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monitored patient care room at a clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 healthy ASA physical status 1 volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to receive, in increasing doses, one of three IV sedatives: propofol, midazolam, or dexmedetomidine; or saline control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), HR, and RR were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant dose-dependent BP reduction occurred with dexmedetomidine and, to a lesser degree, with propofol; and there was good agreement of predicted versus measured drug concentrations for all sedatives. Blood pressure and HR of participants who received midazolam did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When administered in sedative doses, dexmedetomidine and, to a lesser extent, midazolam, reduces BP in a dose-dependent fashion. Dexmedetomidine also reduces HR. Midazolam does not affect BP or HR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35249-6810, USA. froelich@uab.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arabshahi
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katholi
authors.forename: Jeevan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prasain
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol