title: Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and nitric oxide levels in obese postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that estrogen deficiency after menopause might cause a decrement in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by increasing the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a major endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, thus leading to abnormalities in endothelial function. Because NO plays an important role on feeding behavior, ADMA may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, too. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relations of ADMA and NO with the obesity-linked peptides, such as ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin in postmenopausal women free of hormone replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, ADMA, and NO(x) (total nitrite/nitrate) were measured in 22 obese (BMI: 30-47 kg/m(2)) and 19 normal weight (BMI: 21.5-26 kg/m(2)) postmenopausal women.Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, waist, and hip circumferences) were recorded. Statistics were made by the Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ghrelin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower (P<0.001), whereas ADMA and leptin levels were higher in obese women than in normal weight controls (P<0.01 and 0.001, respectively). BMI was correlated negatively with adiponectin and ghrelin and positively with ADMA and leptin levels. No correlation existed between ADMA and NO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen deficiency alone may not cause an increase in ADMA levels unless the women are prone to disturbances in energy homeostasis. In spite of the high ADMA levels, the unaltered NO levels in plasma may be owing to ongoing inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Esentepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kocak
authors.forename: Yıldız
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oner-Iyidogan
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gurdol
authors.forename: Pernur
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oner
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esin
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine