title: Eupatilin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory mediators in macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone) is a pharmacologically active ingredients in Stillen(TM), a drug for the gastric mucosal ulcers. Eupatilin has been known to possess anti-peptic, anti-cancer, and anti-allergy activity. In this report, we defined the effect of eupatilin on the endotoxin-induced inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse J774A.1 cell line and mouse peritoneal macrophages were used. Gene expression and production of inflammatory mediators were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eupatilin dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO). Eupatilin decreased LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. In addition, this suppression of inflammatory mediators was nuclear factor (NF)-κB dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings imply that eupatilin suppresses inflammatory responses by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway, and downstream inflammatory mediators in endotoxin-stimulated macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Ryong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Hyun-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Duk
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005419:Flavonoids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C433788:lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O26-B6; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C045325:eupatilin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse