title: Effects of chronic exposure to dispersed oil on selected reproductive processes in adult blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and the consequences for the early life stages of their larvae.
abstract: Mussels (Mytilus edulis) were continuously exposed to dispersed crude oil (0.015-0.25mg/l) for 7 months covering the whole gamete development cycle. After 1 month exposure to 0.25 mg oil/l, the level of alkali-labile phosphates (ALP) and the volume density of atretic oocytes in female gonads were higher than those in the gonads of control females, indicating that oil affected the level of vitellogenin-like proteins and gamete development. Spawning of mussels was induced after 7 months oil exposure. Parental oil exposure did not affect subsequent fertilization success in clean seawater but this was reduced in 0.25 mg oil/l. Parental exposure to 0.25 mg oil/l caused both slow development and a higher percentage of abnormalities in D-shell larvae 2 days post-fertilization; reduced growth 7 days post-fertilization. These effects were greatly enhanced when larval stages were maintained at 0.25 mg oil/l. Similar studies are warranted for risk assessment prognosis.
authors.affiliation: International Research Institute of Stavanger/IRIS, Mekjarvik 12, 4070 Randaberg, Norway. thierry.baussant@iris.no
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baussant
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Zarragoitia
authors.forename: Miren P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cajaraville
authors.forename: Renée Katrin
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.forename: Ingrid Christina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Taban
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D049880:Mytilus edulis; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010578:Petroleum; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical