title: Age and gender as moderators of the relationship between physical activity and alcohol use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding moderators of the relationship between physical activity (PA) and alcohol use is important for clarifying the mechanisms underlying these behaviors and informing health promotion interventions. This study examined age and gender as two candidate moderators of the PA-alcohol use link.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a correlational, cross-sectional population-based study of US 34,653 adults, participants were administered surveys assessing demographics, alcohol use, moderate and vigorous PA, and other characteristics. Composite indices of the frequency and quantity of alcohol use and PA were utilized in analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age moderated the association between past-year vigorous PA and alcohol use (ps ≤ .01). Vigorous PA was positively associated with alcohol use in individuals under 50 years of age (ps ≤ .05), but not in individuals over 50 years of age (ps ≥ 0.05). Gender moderated the association between past-year moderate PA and alcohol use (ps<.001). The relation was stronger in males (β=.72) than in females (β=.41). Each of the findings remained significant even when controlling for demographics, psychiatric variables, and other potential confounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the American population of adults, age appears to moderate the relationship between vigorous PA and alcohol use, whereas gender appears to moderate the relationship between moderate PA and alcohol use. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that may account for increased alcohol use in exercisers and may have clinical implications for alcohol screening and interventions in adults who lead active lifestyles.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA, USA. nlisha@usc.edu
authors.forename: Nadra E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lisha
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leventhal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult