title: Hypospermatogenesis and spermatozoa maturation arrest in rats induced by mobile phone radiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the morphological changes induced by mobile phone radiation in the testis of Wistar albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from April 2007 to June 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided in three groups. First group of eight served as the control. The second group [group B, n=16] was exposed to mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes/day and the third group [group C, n=16] was exposed to mobile phone radiation for 60 minutes/day for a total period of 3 months. Morphological changes in the testes induced by mobile phone radiations were observed under a light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to mobile phone radiation for 60 minutes/day caused 18.75% hypospermatogenesis and 18.75% maturation arrest in the testis of albino rats compared to matched controls. However, no abnormal findings were observed in albino rats that were exposed to mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes/day for a total period of 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term exposure to mobile phone radiation can cause hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest in the spermatozoa in the testis of Wistar albino rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. smeo@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Sultan Ayoub
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Meo
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashied
authors.forename: Muhammad Mujahid
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad Saeed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: Adnan Mahmood
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Usmani
authors.forename: Muhammad Babar
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: Abdul Majeed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Drees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013079:Sperm Maturation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects