title: Toxicity of Metals to a Freshwater Ostracod: Stenocypris major.
abstract: Adults of freshwater ostracod Stenocypris major (Crustacea, Candonidae) were exposed for a four-day period in laboratory conditions to a range of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Mortality was assessed, and median lethal times (LT(50)) and concentrations (LC(50)) were calculated. LT(50) and LC(50) increased with the decrease in mean exposure concentrations and times, respectively, for all metals. LC(50)s for 96 hours for Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Al, and Mn were 25.2, 13.1, 1189.8, 526.2, 19743.7, 278.9, 3101.9, and 510.2 μg/L, respectively. Metals bioconcentration in S. major increases with exposure to increasing concentrations, and Cd was the most toxic to S. major, followed by Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Al, and Ni (Cd>Cu>Fe>Mn>Pb>Zn>Al>Ni). Comparison of LC(50) values for metals for this species with those for other freshwater crustacean reveals that S. major is equally or more sensitive to metals than most other tested crustacean.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shuhaimi-Othman
authors.forename: Nadzifah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakub
authors.forename: Nur-Amalina
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ramle
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abas