title: Risk factors associated with breast arterial calcifications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies have linked the presence of breast arterial calcifications (BACs) with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), and cardiovascular mortality. Because there is a well-established screening system for breast cancer, it has been proposed that the presence of BACs can be used as a warning sign indicating an increased risk of metabolic and vascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relation between BAC and early renal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 6118 mammograms identified 701 cases with BACs. Women with BACs were compared to a random selection of 362 women without BACs based on available laboratory data. Univariate analysis was conducted according to age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of BACs was 11.5% in our study. Hyperglycemia increased the odds of BACs by 8.1 (95% CI 3.0-22.1, P < 0.001) in the 50-59-year age group. The presence of an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine increased the odds of BACs by 2.6 (95% CI 1.2-6.0, P = 0.016) and 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.2, P = 0.045) in women ≥70 years of age. Hyperlipidemia was not a significant risk factor for BACs in any age group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the view that the presence of BACs on mammography may be indicative of diabetes in middle-aged women. On the other hand, BACs are not very useful for predicting early renal dysfunction in women <70 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. aturca2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmet Turan
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ilica
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Inanc
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guvenc
authors.forename: Tuncer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cayci
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onar
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ugurel
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saglam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine