title: In vitro Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Different Root Canal Filling Materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Real Seal 1 compared to other commercially available endodontic filling materials: Real Seal (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and Thermafil (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal ligament cells from healthy patients were cultured. The eluate of Real Seal 1(TM) (RS1), Real Seal (RS) and Thermafil (TF) samples was used for the cells viability tests, both diluted (50%) or undiluted (100%). Incubation of the specimens was performed in culture medium for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h at 37 °C under sterile conditions. The cellular mortality was evaluated by MTT test. Results were statistically analysed and the statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the studied materials showed toxic effects during the period of observation (0 -72 h) when compared to the control group. Only RS induced a very modest increase in cell mortality (about 3% at both concentrations used, during the first 24 hours), when increasing the incubation time, however, only the lower concentration continued to show modest toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the present study showed that all tested materials did not exhibit cytotoxic effects when compared to the control group.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome - Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gambarini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Testarelli
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Al-Sudani
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plotino
authors.forename: Nicola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nocca
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Luca