title: Critical appraisal of the PADUA classification and assessment of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We validated the PADUA classification and assessed the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score to predict perioperative complications of partial nephrectomy. In addition, we assessed their interobserver variability, and the ability to predict the use of ischemia and ischemia time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from consecutive cases of partial nephrectomy with or without ischemia from 3 centers were retrospectively collected. Associations between preoperative variables and complications were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Reproducibility was assessed by determining Fleiss' generalized kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients in a subcohort scored by 3 physicians with different degrees of urological expertise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 134 partial nephrectomies were included in the study and 31 cases (23%) presented with complications. On univariate analyses complications were associated with age (p = 0.02), tumor size on computerized tomography (p = 0.01), pT stage (p = 0.001), and PADUA (p = 0.001) and R.E.N.A.L. scores (p = 0.02). In 3 multivariate models PADUA score 10 or greater (OR 3.98, p = 0.01), R.E.N.A.L. score 9 or greater (OR 4.21, p = 0.02), tumor size in cm (OR 1.35, p = 0.02) and age (OR 1.04, p = 0.04) were independent predictors of complications. The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score predicted the use of ischemia (p = 0.03) and both scores predicted ischemia time (both p <0.001). Kappa was 0.37 to 0.80 for PADUA components and 0.23 to 0.73 for R.E.N.A.L. components. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.73 for PADUA and 0.70 for R.E.N.A.L. score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest categories of PADUA and R.E.N.A.L. scores as well as clinical tumor size predict the risk of perioperative complications of partial nephrectomy. Both scores can indicate ischemia time. Their reproducibility is substantial but the implementation of these systems in clinical practice needs further refinement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hew
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baseskioglu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barwari
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Axwijk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Can
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horenblas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bex
authors.forename: J J M C H de la
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rosette
authors.forename: M P Laguna
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pes
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment