title: Insulin therapy.
abstract: Insulin therapy is a vital hormone replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes, insulin is indicated if glycaemic goals are not reached by oral anti diabetics, as well as for metabolic detoriation, co-morbidities, surgery, pregnancy or contradictions against oral anti diabetics. Insulin preparations are characterized by the onset of the insulin action, the peak profile and duration of action. Available are short acting, long-acting and premixed preparations of human insulin, and insulin analogues. The gold standard of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes is functional insulin therapy with a basal-bolus insulin regimen and control and adaption of the therapy by the patient. Various insulin regimens are available for treating patients with type 2 diabetes, including basal insulin supported oral therapy, supplementary mealtime injection of short acting insulin or insulin analogues, conventional insulin therapy or a basal bolus procedure. The various insulin preparations and regimens make it possible to adapt the therapy according to the patient's individual need.
authors.affiliation: Landeskrankenhaus Hochzirl, Anna Dengel-Haus, Zirl, Austria. monika.lechleitner@tilak.at
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lechleitner
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoppichler
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin