title: Effect of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate on different domains of attention and executive functioning in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether components of attention and executive functioning improve when children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are treated with osmotic-release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty children (24 males, six females; mean age 8y 6mo, SD 1y 11mo; range 6y 5mo -12y 6mo) with ADHD combined type participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with the child's clinically most effective dose as identified with a systematic open-label titration procedure. After 1 week on each treatment (placebo and OROS methylphenidate), a neuropsychological battery that assessed sustained attention, selective attention, attentional control, response inhibition, and working memory was administered. This battery included the Gordon Diagnostic System, seven subtests of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children, and two tests of working memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance on two of three tests of response inhibition improved on OROS methylphenidate compared with placebo (p<0.01). Performance on one of two tasks assessing attentional control and one of five measures assessing sustained attention demonstrated clear improvement. There was no improvement on the two tasks assessing selective attention or the two tasks assessing working memory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When OROS methylphenidate was used to treat children with ADHD at the clinically most effective dose, general improvement was noted on tasks requiring response inhibition; response to treatment in other domains was either variable or not demonstrated.
authors.affiliation:  Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.affiliation:  Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Abbas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jawad
authors.affiliation:  Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Angela T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation:  Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Psychology, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate