title: Xenopus laevis insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 is important for eye development.
abstract: Extracellular signal transduction into cells through ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) is required for normal embryonic growth and development. The major mediators of IR and IGF-1R are adaptor proteins of the insulin receptor substrate family, the best characterized member of which is IRS-1. Insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 has been shown to influence cell and body size and to interfere with differentiation. We have isolated IRS-1 from Xenopus laevis embryos and analyzed for the first time its spatial and temporal expression pattern during embryogenesis. We found that Xenopus IRS-1 is expressed maternally and constantly during embryogenesis. It is predominantly found in neural tissue at different stages. Furthermore, knock down of IRS-1 in neural tissue by specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) resulted in abnormal eye formation accompanied by reduction of the eye-specific marker genes Rx1 and Pax6 and a decreased cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bugner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aurhammer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kühl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins