title: Reducing the risk of shoulder dystocia and associated brachial plexus injury.
abstract: Despite persisting controversy over shoulder dystocia prediction, prevention, and injury causation, the authors find considerable evidence in recent research in the field to recommend additional guidelines beyond the current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines to improve clinical practice in managing patients at risk for experiencing shoulder dystocia. In this article, the authors offer health care providers information, practical direction, and advice on how to limit shoulder dystocia risk and, more importantly, to reduce adverse outcome risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. egurewi@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Edith D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gurewitsch
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries*; D004420:Dystocia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012782:Shoulder