title: Influence of proteinuria on renal Doppler sonographic measurements in chronic kidney disease and in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of proteinuria on renal Doppler sonographic (US) measurements in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and maximum kidney length were measured by US in 113 patients suffering from CKD without DM (non-DM CKD patients) and in 120 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DM patients). Other data collected were sex, age, body mass index, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary protein level, and medical history. The effect of proteinuria on RI and PI was evaluated using single regression analyses, multiple regression analyses, and comparison of regression lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single and multiple regression analyses revealed that RI and PI in the two subgroups and in the entire group of patients were correlated with urinary protein level (p < 0.05). Comparison of regression lines of each subgroup showed statistically significant differences in two regression intercepts concerning these indices in relation to urinary protein level (p < 0.001, RI: 0.71 in non-DM CKD patients versus 0.76 in DM patients, PI: 1.39 in non-DM CKD patients versus 1.60 in DM patients) (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal RI and PI can reflect damages related to proteinuria and DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Enyu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D014655:Vascular Resistance