title: A study of titanium sulfate flocculation for water treatment.
abstract: There are limited studies available on titanium salt flocculation. In this research, coagulation experiments of titanium sulfate were conducted using both distilled water and kaolin clay suspension. Results showed that titanium sulfate flocculation was most effective in the pH range 4-6, and negligible concentrations of titanium were found in the well-flocculated water. The floc isoelectric point (IEP) was found to be near pH 5. Measurements showed that the titanium flocs possessed greater density, diameter and settling velocity than the aluminum flocs. The titanium flocs were composed of TiO(OH)(2), which would change from the amorphous phase into anatase titanium dioxide under elevated temperatures. Floc images showed the structural similarity of titanium and aluminum flocs. Laboratory results and a pilot experiment showed that titanium sulfate could be an alternative coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. wuyifanwater@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nai-Yun
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tao
mesh_terms: D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D005427:Flocculation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055672:Static Electricity; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D014025:Titanium