title: Review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of type I gastric carcinoid tumor.
abstract: Gastric carcinoid tumors comprise 7% of all gastrointestinal carcinoids and have significantly increased in incidence over the past few decades. Seventy to 80% of gastric carcinoids are type I, which usually are clinically asymptomatic and found incidentally at endoscopic evaluation for abdominal pain or anemia. In this review, advances in understanding the pathophysiology of type I gastric carcinoid are highlighted. In addition, various current diagnostic and treatment options are discussed. Although type I carcinoids generally hold a benign course, rigorous investigation is needed to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. This includes appropriate diagnostic procedures and imaging and accurate staging of tumor. Tumor size, depth of invasion, presence of metastasis, and the tumor's gastrin dependency dictate treatment options. Appropriate treatments can consist of endoscopic resection, antrectomy, medical management, or frequent follow-up. This article provides a systematic method of evaluating and treating type I gastric carcinoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5 East 98th Street, 15th Floor, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ozao
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Divino
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins