title: Antioxidants alleviate nicotine-induced platelet aggregation in cerebral arterioles of mice in vivo.
abstract: Experimental data on the effect of nicotine on cerebral microvessel thrombosis is lacking. Therefore, this study was carried out to elucidate the effects of nicotine on platelet aggregation in cerebral (pial) microcirculation of the mouse, and the possible protective effect of vitamins C and E. Male TO mice were divided into six groups, and injected i.p. with saline as a control, nicotine (1 mg/kg), vitamin C alone (100 mg/kg), vitamin E alone (100 mg/kg), nicotine plus vitamin C or nicotine plus vitamin E, all for one week before the experiment. After one week, platelet aggregation in cerebral microvessels of these groups of mice were studied in vivo. The appearance of the first platelet aggregation and total blood flow stop in arterioles and venules were timed in seconds. In the animals treated with nicotine, venules did not show any alteration in the platelet aggregation time in comparison to the control animals. However, in arterioles platelet aggregation time was significantly accelerated (p<0.001) in nicotine-treated animals as compared to controls. Both vitamins C and E prevented the shortening of arteriolar platelet aggregation time significantly (p<0.001) when applied with nicotine but not alone. It can be concluded that nicotine enhances the susceptibility to thrombosis in the cerebral arterioles in vivo and that vitamins C and E have alleviating effect on nicotine-induced thrombotic events in mice pial microvessels.
authors.affiliation: United Arab Emirates University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Al Ain, UAE. m.fahim@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fahim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009538:Nicotine