title: Modeling hemoglobin at optical frequency using the unconditionally stable fundamental ADI-FDTD method.
abstract: This paper presents the modeling of hemoglobin at optical frequency (250 nm - 1000 nm) using the unconditionally stable fundamental alternating-direction-implicit finite-difference time-domain (FADI-FDTD) method. An accurate model based on complex conjugate pole-residue pairs is proposed to model the complex permittivity of hemoglobin at optical frequency. Two hemoglobin concentrations at 15 g/dL and 33 g/dL are considered. The model is then incorporated into the FADI-FDTD method for solving electromagnetic problems involving interaction of light with hemoglobin. The computation of transmission and reflection coefficients of a half space hemoglobin medium using the FADI-FDTD validates the accuracy of our model and method. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution of human capillary at optical frequency is also shown. While maintaining accuracy, the unconditionally stable FADI-FDTD method exhibits high efficiency in modeling hemoglobin.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ding Yu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Heh
authors.forename: Eng Leong
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Tan