title: Does the diet of Tehranian adults ensure compliance with nutritional targets? Observations from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse dietary compliance with WHO/FAO nutritional objectives, identify food subgroups that contribute to discrepancies between dietary intakes and recommendations, and assess food patterns and risk factor profiles at common nutritional targets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a population-based, cross-sectional assessment of the dietary patterns of Tehranian adults. Usual dietary intake was assessed in relation to common nutritional targets of public health (fat, saturated fat, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables) using a validated FFQ. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors were diagnosed based on the Iranian-modified diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2005-2008).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2510 individuals (1121 men and 1389 women), aged between 19 and 70 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generally, 68·5 % of total grain ounce-equivalents were derived from refined grains, with rice making up 36·6 % of all grains consumed. Solid fat (61·1 %) contributed more to discretionary energy than did added sugars (38·9 %). There was a twofold difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between the lowest and highest quartile categories of dietary fibre intake. The probability of having MetS was significantly lower in the highest quartile of fibre intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·84 v. OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·80, 1·03; P -trend < 0·001), whereas it was higher in the highest quartile of SFA intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·78, 0·98 v. OR = 0·71, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·89; P-trend = 0·01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complying with common nutritional targets of public health is inversely associated with MetS risk factors in Tehranian adults. These results may initiate measures for future development of regional food-based dietary guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 19395-4763, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosseini-Esfahani
authors.forename: Mahsa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jessri
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.forename: Mahboubeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D005947:Glucose; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005947:Glucose