title: Endoscopic banding for esophageal variceal bleeding: technique and patient outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is recommended for the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding. The aim of this study was to assess the most cost-effective timing of endoscopic follow-up after variceal eradication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cirrhotics with esophageal varices treated between January 2008 and January 2009 until reached variceal obliteration were retrospectively analyzed for technical aspects and for outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 127 patients treated with EVL, 103 were included. Number of sessions to achieve variceal obliteration and number of bands for each session were 2.8±1.3 (range 1-7) and 4.6±1 (range 2-7), respectively. The placement of >5 bands per session was not associated with higher incidence of complications (19.6% vs. 17.8%, P=ns). Esophageal ulcers were observed in 42% of patients when the interbanding interval was <20 days (versus 15% for interval >20 days, P<0.05). Once obliteration was achieved, varices reappeared in 28% of patients; the early appearance of small varices was not associated with bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A longer interbanding interval reduces the incidence of procedural-related complications. After variceal obliteration an early endoscopic control is not useful because it does not influence the approach and does not change the patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Gastro-Hepatology Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silvano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alessandria
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saracco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzetto
authors.forename: W Debernardi
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Venon
mesh_terms: D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome