title: Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene.
abstract: Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high-surface-area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content. This sp(2)-bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom-thick walls that form primarily 0.6- to 5-nanometer-width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Yanwu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.forename: Meryl D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stoller
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Paulo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirkle
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Katie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cychosz
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thommes
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stach
authors.forename: Rodney S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ruoff