title: Influence of dietary-fibre intake on diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: Sankara Nethralaya-Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (report 26).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aims to report the influence of dietary-fibre intake on diabetes and diabetic microangiopathies among subjects >40 years in Urban India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1383 patients were included in the study, 1261 diabetics and 122 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects underwent comprehensive eye examination including assessment of diabetic retinopathy using fundus photography. Dietary-fibre intake was assessed using a validated questionnaire. All questions were validated based on factor analysis (overall communalities value >0.5). The cut-off for low-fibre diet was calculated by the average of study scores (≤ 32 for low-fibre diet).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of diabetes in subjects with low-fibre diet versus healthy diet and risk of microangiopathies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with low-fibre diet intake, had 1.51 times more risk of microalbuminuria than those with a healthy-fibre diet. Similarly, the odds of having diabetic retinopathy and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 1.41 [95% CI 1.02-1.94] and odds ratio 2.24 [95% CI 1.01-5.02], respectively) in low-fibre diet subjects were more. Low-fibre diet was consumed predominantly by lower socioeconomic status group (11.9 vs. 6.5, P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with type II diabetes had a lower dietary-fibre intake. The presence of diabetic retinopathy, sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy and microalbuminuria were also associated with lower dietary-fibre intake.
authors.affiliation: Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal services Department of Preventive Ophthalmology, Sankara Nethralaya, College Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Suganeswari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Vaitheeswaran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kulothungan
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001824:Body Constitution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014280:Triglycerides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467484:VEGFA protein, human