title: Archaeal symbionts and parasites.
abstract: Several species of Archaea are involved in symbiotic or parasitic associations with representatives of Eukarya, Bacteria and other Archaea. Eukaryal interactions include different members of methanogens, found in the gut of arthropods, in the rumen of cattle, and in the human intestine, while Cenarchaeum symbiosum is a partner of a marine sponge. Examples for bacterial-archaeal associations are the anaerobic methane oxidation consortia and the SM1 Euryarchaeon with its highly unusual 'hami' as extracellular appendages. The so far only known and cultivated association between two Archaea is composed of Nanoarchaeum equitans and its obligate host Ignicoccus hospitalis. All these consortia can often not be assigned to the 'classical' concepts of mutalism, commensialism or parasitism and represent highly specialized interspecies associations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology and Archaeal Center, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moissl-Eichinger
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001181:Arthropods; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D011161:Porifera; D013559:Symbiosis; D014871:Water Microbiology