title: Ultrasound guidance for the creation of a small animal model of aortic injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a small animal model of controlled aortic intimal injury with ultrasound (US) imaging guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Via carotid artery cutdown, a custom-made microcatheter/angled metal device system was advanced to damage the intima of the ascending aortas of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats and 10 JCR atherosclerotic rats. This minimally invasive endovascular procedure was monitored by a clinical US imaging system. Injured aortas were harvested for histologic confirmation via a grading system: grade I, intima injury; grade II, injury to media; and grade III, injury through the entire aortic wall. Neointimal reactions at the injury site were compared by calculating the ratio of intimal to medial thickness among different animal groups at various survival times (week 1, weeks 2-3, and weeks 4-7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clear visualization of the architecture of the heart and great vessels and the exact location of the angled metal device by US imaging ensured consistent intimal damage of the aorta. Histopathologic analysis confirmed that most of the aortic injures were classified as grade I. There was no significant difference between the two rat groups. Analysis of pathophysiologic reactions at the injury sites revealed increased thickening of neointimal hyperplasia as animal survival times extended from week 1 to weeks 4-7 after the aortic interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the feasibility of clinical US imaging to precisely guide the creation of controlled aortic intimal injury in rats, which may become a useful tool to facilitate research involving the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Image-Guided Bio-Molecular Intervention Research and Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 358056, 815 Mercer St, Room S470, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valji
authors.forename: Daohai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Huidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Xubin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bensheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006965:Hyperplasia; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional