title: Quantitative evaluation of night vision and correlation of refractive and topographical parameters with glare after orthokeratology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate night vision disturbance and investigate correlations between pre- and post-treatment parameters and glare scores in orthokeratology patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight right eyes of 28 patients were enrolled in this study. Corneal topography and a night vision test (NVT) to evaluate the extent of glare were performed after orthokeratology. From the corneal topography, two indices [surface regularity index (SRI) and surface asymmetry index (SAI)] were calculated. Fourier analysis was performed on the topographic data from the central 6 mm, and data were decomposed into asymmetric and higher order components for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no correlation between the glare score and pre-treatment keratometric value, pre-treatment cylinder, post-treatment sphere, and post-treatment cylinder. However, there was a statistically significant correlation between pre-treatment sphere and glare score (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = -0.54, p < 0.01). SRI and SAI significantly correlated with glare score (SRI: r = 0.52, p < 0.01, SAI: r = 0.41, p < 0.05). Higher order and asymmetric components were also significantly correlated with glare score (asymmetry: r = 0.61, p < 0.01, higher order: r = 0.67, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glare score was significantly correlated with corneal irregularity, and appeared to be a beneficial parameter for assessment of night vision performance in patients receiving orthokeratology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tkojkoj@mac.com
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Asato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Syuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horai
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000379:methods*; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055254:Night Vision; D054158:Orthokeratologic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult