title: LONG TERM RESULTS OF HEPATIC TRANSPLANTATION DURING THE CYCLOSPORINE ERA: THE PITTSBURGH EXPERIENCE.
abstract: We have reviewed the long term results of the first 500 liver transplant recipients performed by our group during the cyclosporine era. Three hundred and forty-nine recipients lived (69.8%) more than 1 year and the projected 5 year actuarial survival for this sub-group of patients is 88%. The two most common causes of graft dysfunction after the first year were recurrence of the original disease, usually malignancy, and chronic rejection. Most episodes of rejection can be controlled with medical treatment; however, 16 patients of 34 patients who experienced rejection episodes after the first year required retransplantation. Eleven of these 16 are currently alive and free of jaundice. Another common cause of late graft dysfunction is biliary strictures. The recognized side effects of cyclosporine such as nephrotoxicity and lymphoproliferative disease have been lesser problems as a result of the judicious use of the drug. The quality of life of long term survivors is excellent.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
authors.forename: Carlos O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Esquivel
authors.forename: Ignazio R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Shunzaburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwatsuki
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Thiel
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl