title: Effect of prophylactic pastes containing active ingredients on the enamel-bracket bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etching systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of prophylactic pastes containing active ingredients such as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), fluoride, or a combination of both on the enamel-bracket tensile bond strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human molars were randomly divided into four groups (N = 40) according to the type of prophylactic pastes: control (no active ingredients), paste containing fluoride, paste containing ACP, and paste containing both fluoride and ACP. After prophylaxis, 20 brackets per group were bonded using an etch-and-rinse bonding technique (37% phosphoric acid and Ortho solo), and the other remaining 20 brackets were bonded using a self-etch bonding technique (Clearfil S(3)Bond). Samples were tested for tensile strength 24 hours after bonding using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test with significance level at .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean tensile bond strength varied between 3.043 (ACP) and 9.232 (control) MPa. The etch-and-rinse bonding technique was significantly affected by pastes containing active ingredients (P < .001). The self-etching system was not significantly affected by different pastes (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cleaning enamel surfaces with prophylactic pastes that contain ACP and/or fluoride, prior to orthodontic bonding, resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the tensile bond strength of etch-and-rinse bonding technique.
authors.affiliation: Armed Forces Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Twaijri
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.forename: Ana K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bedran-Russo
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C508972:OrthoSolo; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D014100:Toothpastes; C477790:Transbond XT; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D014867:Water; C030242:phosphoric acid; D005459:Fluorides