title: Quantitative analyses of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in fields with different soil types.
abstract: Soil type is one of the key factors affecting soil microbial communities. With regard to ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), however, it has not been determined how soil type affects their community size and soil nitrification activity. Here we quantitatively analyzed the ammonia monooxygenase genes (amoA) of these ammonia oxidizers in fields with three different soil types (Low-humic Andosol [LHA], Gray Lowland Soil [GLS], and Yellow Soil [YS]) under common cropping conditions, and assessed the relationships between soil nitrification activity and the abundance of each amoA. Nitrification activity of LHA was highest, followed by that of GLS and YS; this order was consistent with that for the abundance of AOB amoA. Abundance of AOB amoA showed temporal variation, which was similar to that observed in nitrification activity, and a strong relationship (adjusted R(2)=0.742) was observed between the abundance of AOB amoA and nitrification activity. Abundance of AOA amoA also exhibited a significant relationship (adjusted R(2)=0.228) with nitrification activity, although this relationship was much weaker. Our results indicate that soil type affects the community size of AOA and AOB and the resulting nitrification activity, and that AOB are major contributors to nitrification in soils, while AOA are partially responsible.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8604, Japan. shomo@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayatsu
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takada Hoshino
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D058465:Nitrification; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C045582:ammonia monooxygenase