title: Peripheral venous catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Better understand the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of peripheral venous catheter (PVC)-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of PVC-related S. aureus bacteremias in adult patients from July 2005 through March 2008. A point-prevalence survey was performed January 9, 2008, on adult inpatients to determine PVC utilization; patients with a PVC served as a cohort to assess risk factors for PVC-related S. aureus bacteremia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four (18 definite and 6 probable) PVC-related S. aureus bacteremias were identified (estimated incidence density, 0.07 per 1,000 catheter-days), with a median duration of catheterization of 3 days (interquartile range, 2-6). Patients with PVC-related S. aureus bacteremia were significantly more likely to have a PVC in the antecubital fossa (odds ratio [OR], 6.5), a PVC placed in the emergency department (OR, 6.0), or a PVC placed at an outside hospital (P = .005), with a longer duration of catheterization (P < .001). These PVCs were significantly less likely to have been inserted in the hand (OR, 0.23) or placed on an inpatient medical unit (OR, 0.17). Mean duration of antibiotic treatment was 19 days (95% confidence interval, 15-23 days); 42% (10/24) of cases encountered complications. We estimate that there may be as many as 10,028 PVC-related S. aureus bacteremias yearly in US adult hospitalized inpatients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVC-related S. aureus bacteremia is an underrecognized complication. PVCs inserted in the emergency department or at outside institutions, PVCs placed in the antecubital fossa, and those with prolonged dwell times are associated with such infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: T Tony
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Omega
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hollenbeck
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: Leonard A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mermel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013997:Time Factors