title: Extent and nature of unlicensed and off-label medicine use in hospitalised children in Palestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent and nature of unlicensed/off-label prescribing patterns in hospitalised children in Palestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four paediatric wards in two public health system hospitals in Palestine [Caritas children's hospital (Medical and neonatal intensive care units) and Rafidia general hospital (Medical and surgical units)].
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective survey of drugs administered to infants and children <18 years old was carried out over a five-week period in the four paediatric wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drug-licensing status of all prescriptions was determined according to the Palestinian Registered Product List and the Physician's Desk Reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 917 drug prescriptions were administered to 387children. Of all drug prescriptions, 528 (57.5%) were licensed for use in children; 65 (7.1%) were unlicensed; and 324 (35.3%) were used off-label. Of all children, 49.6% received off-label prescriptions, 10.1% received unlicensed medications and 8.2% received both. Seventy-two percent of off-label drugs and 66% of unlicensed drugs were prescribed for children <2 years. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and infants aged 0-1 years were most likely to receive a greater number of off-label or unlicensed medications (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.03-3.59 and OR 1.99; 95% CI 0.88-3.73, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings confirmed the elevated prevalence of unlicensed and off-label paediatric drugs use in Palestine and strongly support the need to perform well designed clinical studies in children.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Abu-Dies, Jerusalem, P.O. Box 20002, Palestine.
authors.forename: Maher R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khdour
authors.forename: Hussein Othman
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hallak
authors.forename: Kawther Shab'an Atallah
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Alayasa
authors.forename: Qusai Nabeel
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: AlShahed
authors.forename: Ahmed F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hawwa
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McElnay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D018912:Arabs / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D056687:Off-Label Use; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs