title: Male sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to determine the extent of male sexual dysfunction after surgical treatment of rectal cancer and to examine the outcome of postoperative treatment with sildenafil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed in patients who underwent attempted curative total mesorectal excision (TME) for low rectal cancers. Sexual function scores were determined by questionnaire preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Outcomes were examined in patients who were sexually active preoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2000 to 2007, 207 patients underwent TME at our institution, of whom 49 (24%) were sexually active preoperatively. Erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory problems were present in 80% and 82%, respectively of the 49 patients at 3 months postoperatively, and in 76% and 67%, respectively at 12 months. Lateral lymph node dissection was a strong risk factor for postoperative sexual dysfunction. The impotency rate was 37% and 47% of patients were unable to ejaculate. Sildenafil was administered to 16 patients who requested the drug during follow-up, and sexual dysfunction was improved in 11 of these patients (69%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual dysfunction occurs frequently after rectal cancer treatment and is mainly caused by surgical damage in lateral lymph node dissection. Sildenafil may be effective for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery Division, Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugito
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology