title: Kaempferol protects MC3T3-E1 cells through antioxidant effect and regulation of mitochondrial function.
abstract: Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in fruits, vegetables, and teas, provides beneficial effects for human health. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of kaempferol on antimycin A (AMA)-induced toxicity in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to AMA caused significant cell viability loss, as well as mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, complex IV inactivation, intracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺](i)) elevation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Pretreatment with kaempferol prior to AMA exposure significantly reduced AMA-induced cell damage by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, complex IV inactivation, [Ca²⁺](i) elevation, and ROS production. Kaempferol also induced the activation of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), Akt (protein kinase B), and CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) inhibited by AMA, which result demonstrates that kaempferol utilizes the PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway to augment metabolic activity inhibited by AMA. All these data indicate that kaempferol may reduce or prevent osteoblasts degeneration in osteoporosis or other degenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Education Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea. cheunmi@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000633:toxicity*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D000975:Antioxidants; C497106:Atf2 protein, mouse; D044949:Kaempferols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000968:Antimycin A; C006552:kaempferol; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D002118:Calcium