title: Induction of adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields: influence of cell cycle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of cell cycle on the adaptive response (AR) induced by the exposure of human blood lymphocytes to radiofrequency fields (RF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human peripheral blood lymphocytes in G(0)-, G(1)- or S-phase of the cell cycle were exposed for 20 hours to an adaptive dose (AD) of 900 MHz RF at an average specific absorption rate of 1.25 W/kg and then treated with a challenge dose (CD) of 100 ng/ml mitomycin C (MMC). Un-exposed and sham-exposed controls as well as cells treated with MMC alone were included in the study. The incidence of micronuclei (MN) was evaluated to determine the induction of AR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that the cells which were exposed to AD of RF in G(0)- and G(1)-phase of the cell cycle did not exhibit AR while such a response was observed when the cells were exposed to AD of RF in S-phase of the cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirmed the observations reported in our previous investigation where AR was observed in human blood lymphocytes exposed to AD of RF in S-phase of the cell cycle and further suggested that the timing of AD exposure of RF is important to elicit AR.
authors.affiliation: Interuniversity Centre for Interaction Between Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems at CNR-Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of Environment, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sannino
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zeni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarti
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Siddharth B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Belisario
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Prihoda
authors.lastname: Vijayalaxmi
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Scarfi
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000328:Adult; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin