title: New evidence for the role of cystathionine beta-synthase in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
abstract: Orofacial clefts have a multifactorial aetiology encompassing both genetic and environmental components. While there is wide agreement on the importance of both genetic and nutritional factors, genetic influence in particular has not been well defined. As genetic variants in folate and homocysteine metabolism have been reported to influence the risk of orofacial clefts, an Italian cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) data set was enrolled for an analysis based on family association to test betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT and BHMT2) and cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) variants. No significant level of association was found between BHMT and BHMT2 variants, while evidence of an allelic association with CL/P was found for the single nucleotide polymorphism rs4920037, mapping at the CBS gene. A log-linear approach indicated that the best genetic model takes into account both mother and child genotypes. This suggests that human orofacial development is influenced by CBS genotypes that possibly operate through intergenerational fetal-maternal interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Centre of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, University of Bologna, Italy. marcella.martinelli@unibo.it
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masiero
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carinci
authors.forename: Paolo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Morselli
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzetti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scapoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050940:Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D050940:Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase