title: [L-NAC protect hair cells in the rat cochlea from injury of exposure to styrene].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC) protect hair cells in the rat cochlea from injury of exposure to styrene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen adult Long Evans rats were used in present study. The animals were randomly assigned into test group (n=9) and control group (n=8). The animals were exposed to styrene by gavage at 400 mg/kg (2 g styrene was mixed with 1 ml olive oil). Test group animals received styrene exposure plus L-NAC 325 mg/kg (L-NAC was dissolved in physiological saline solution) by intraperitoneal injection. Treatment was performed once a day, 5 days per week for 3 weeks. Control group animals received the same volume of saline injection on an identical time schedule used for the test group. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds of both ears elicited with clicks were measured before and at the end of the 3-week styrene or styrene plus L-NAC treatment. After hearing was re-assessed, animals were sacrificed and cochleae were quickly removed from the skull. Following fixation, whole specimens comprising the basilar membrane with Corti's organ were separated from the modiolus. The organs of Corti were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and the TUNEL assay to visualize the morphologic viability of hair cell nuclei, FITC-labeled phalloidin, a F-actin intercalating fluorescent probe used to visualize the morphologic viability of cuticular plate and the stereocilia in the hair cells. Each organ of Corti was thoroughly examined using fluorescence microscopy. The numbers of damaged OHCs (apoptotic, necrotic and missing OHCs) were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant decrease in ABR threshold shift (P<0.05) in the styrene-plus-L-NAC treated animals. The average percentage of damaged OHCs in the styrene-treated animals was 28.3%. In contrast, the average percentage of OHC damage in the styrene-plus-L-NAC treated group was only 10.6% (P<0.01). The percentage of reduction in the number of apoptotic cells in styrene-plus-L-NAC treated group was 78% (P<0.01). However, the mean reduction of necrotic cells was only 23% (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the treatment with L-NAC may effectively protect against the styrene-induced hair cells damage and preferably reduce the number of apoptotic OHCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100853, China. yangwp2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Guangdi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bielefeld
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D020058:Styrene / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C086501:N-acetylcysteine lysinate; D020058:Styrene; D008239:Lysine; D000111:Acetylcysteine