title: Chemical and physical properties of regenerative medicine materials controlling stem cell fate.
abstract: Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field utilizing the potential of stem cells and the regenerative capability of the body to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue and organ functions. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self-renew but also differentiate into several somatic cells when subjected the appropriate environmental cues. The ability to reliably direct stem cell fate would provide tremendous potential for basic research and clinical therapies. Proper tissue function and regeneration rely on the spatial and temporal control of biophysical and biochemical cues, including soluble molecules, cell-cell contacts, cell-extracellular matrix contacts, and physical forces. The mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the stem cell-extracellular matrix interactions by summarizing the observations of the effects of material variables (such as overall architecture, surface topography, charge, ζ-potential, surface energy, and elastic modulus) on the stem cell fate. It also deals with the mechanisms underlying the effects of these extrinsic, material variables. Insight in the environmental interactions of the stem cells is crucial for the development of new material-based approaches for cell culture experiments and future experimental and clinical regenerative medicine applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaivosoja
authors.forename: Gonçalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Levón
authors.forename: Sannakaisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ainola
authors.forename: Yrjö T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000502:physiology; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration; D006801:Humans; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000639:trends*