title: Cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LR alter the growth, development and peroxidase enzyme activity of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings, a comparative analysis.
abstract: This work focuses on the comparative analysis of the effects of two cyanobacterial toxins of different chemical structure cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Both cyanotoxins reduced significantly the fresh mass and the length of cotyledons, hypocotyls and main roots of seedlings in a concentration dependent manner. For various mustard organs the 50% inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of growth were between 3-5 μg ml(-1) for MC-LR and between 5-10 μg ml-1 for CYN, respectively. Cyanotoxins altered the development of cotyledons, the accumulation of photosynthetically active pigments and anthocyanins. Low MC-LR concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg ml(-1)) stimulated anthocyanin formation in the cotyledons but higher than 1 μg ml(-1) MC-LR concentrations strongly inhibited it. The CYN treated chlorotic cotyledons were violet coloured in consequence of high level of anthocyanins, while MC-LR induced chlorosis was accompanied by the appearance of necrotic patches. Necrosis and increases of peroxidase enzyme activity (POD) are general stress responses but these alterations were characteristic only for MC-LR treated mustard plants. These findings provide experimental evidences of developmental alterations induced by protein synthesis and protein phosphatase inhibitory cyanotoxins (CYN and MC-LR) in a model dicotyledonous plant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Eyetem tér 1 H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: M-Hamvas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Máthé
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasas
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jámbrik
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mészáros
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borbély
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000187:drug effects; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D031226:Sinapis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000872:Anthocyanins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D002734:Chlorophyll; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; D010544:Peroxidases; C057862:cyanoginosin LR