title: Impact of season and diet on vitamin D status of African American and Caucasian children.
abstract: Seasonal variation of vitamin D status and adequacy of dietary vitamin D and impact of race on maintaining vitamin D sufficiency was assessed in 140 healthy 6- to 12-year-old African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) children residing in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during summer and winter. Vitamin D insufficiency was not rare in either group (AA vs C, summer, 17.2% vs 14.3%, nonsignificant; winter, 34.1% vs 32.5%, nonsignificant) despite a mean dietary intake of vitamin D above the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended intake (400 IU/d; AA vs C, summer, 421 vs 456 IU/d, nonsignificant; winter, 507 vs 432 IU/d, nonsignificant). Race/season and dietary vitamin D were predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. However, dietary vitamin D influenced 25(OH)D only in Caucasians during winter. Current AAP recommended daily intake for vitamin D is inadequate for maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA. kumaravel.rajakumar@chp.edu
authors.forename: Kumaravel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajakumar
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Holick
authors.forename: Kwonho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Charity G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Tai C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olabopo
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Haralam
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Greenspan
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012621:Seasons; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology*; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D