title: Systemic DNA damage related to cancer.
abstract: The importance of bystander effects is becoming more appreciated, as studies show they may affect the course of cancer and other chronic diseases. The term "bystander effects" refers to changes in naïve cells sharing the same milieu with cells that have been damaged. Bystander cells may be in contact with, or distant from, damaged cells. In addition, it has been shown in culture that not only physically damaged cells, but also cells that have become abnormal (i.e., cancerous or senescent) may induce bystander effects. Recently, we have shown a similar effect in animals. Mice harboring subcutaneous tumors exhibited elevated levels of DNA damage in distant organs. In contrast to cell culture, immune cells seemed to be involved in tumor-induced bystander effects in animals because CCL2-null tumor-bearing mice did not exhibit increased distant DNA damage. Here, we discuss some of the implications of these observations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. sedelnio@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Olga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Christophe E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Redon
authors.forename: Asako J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: Alexandros G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Georgakilas
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bonner
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004249:DNA Damage; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2