title: [Effects of GM3 on proliferation, apoptosis and VEGF expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of exogenous GM3 on proliferation, apoptosis and VEGF expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A549 cells were treated with GM3 at different concentrations for 48 hours. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation and flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell apoptosis. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of VEGF mRNA and confocal laser scanning microscopy was applied to observe the localization and fluorescence intensity of VEGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing with the control, being treated with higher than 10 µmol/L GM3 significantly inhibited A549 cell proliferation (P < 0.05), and the suppressive effect could be enhanced following increasing doses. The IC(50) was 412 µmol/L. Comparing with the control, being treated with higher than 40 µmol/L GM3 significantly promoted the apoptotic rate of A549 cells (P < 0.05). Comparing with the control, being treated with higher than 40 µmol/L GM3 significantly decreased the VEGF mRNA level of A549 cells (P < 0.05), and the fluorescence intensity of VEGF distinctly weakened.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous ganglioside GM3 can inhibit the proliferation, promote apoptosis, and down-regulate the VEGF expression level in A549 cells. This may be considered as two mechanisms of GM3 for its anti-tumor effect by modulating cell apoptosis and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical Colleage, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jing-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Zheng-yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rui-guang
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005679:G(M3) Ganglioside; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A