title: The relation of high fat diet, metabolic disturbances and brain oxidative dysfunction: modulation by hydroxy citric acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the effect of high fat diet (HFD) to modulate brain dysfunction, and understand the linkages between obesity, metabolic disturbances and the brain oxidative stress (BOS) dysfunction and modulation with hydroxyl citric acid of G. Cambogia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into 3 groups; 1st control, maintained on standard normal rat chow diet, 2nd HFD, maintained on high fat diet along 12 week and 3rd HFD+G, administered G. Cambogia for 4 weeks and each group include 8 rats. Blood, brain and abdominal fat were collected for biochemical measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFD group showed significant increase in energy intake, final BW and BW gain. Also significant increase in weight of abdominal fat in HFD group. HFD induce metabolic disturbance through increasing the lipid profile (LDL, TG, TC), γGT and α-amylase activity, uric acid level and hyperglycemia, while decreasing creatine kinase (CK) activity.These changes associated with lowering in brain nitric oxide (NO) level and rising in serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), brain catalase activity and MDA levels as oxidative stress markers. These alterations improved by G. Cambogia that decrease BOS and increased NO level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rats fed HFD showed, metabolic disturbances produce hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased LDL associated with increased BOS. Involvement of BuChE, NO and oxidative stress associated with metabolic disturbances in the pathophysiological progression in brain, suggesting association between obesity, metabolic disorders and brain alteration while, using G. Cambogia, ameliorate the damaging effects of the HFD via lowering feed intake and BOS.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Dept, Faculty of Vete, Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. kaamin10@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kamal A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Hamdy H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abd Eltawab
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D029761:Garcinia cambogia / Q000737:chemistry; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C007999:hydroxycitric acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D002374:Catalase