title: The nine peptidoglycan hydrolases genes in Lactobacillus helveticus are ubiquitous and early transcribed.
abstract: Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) are bacterial enzymes that can hydrolyze the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall leading to autolysis. By releasing intracellular enzymes, autolysis of Lactobacillus helveticus has important applications in cheese ripening as its extent varied from strain to strain. Nine genes coding PGHs were previously annotated in the genome of the high autolytic strain L. helveticus DPC 4571. This study was conducted to evaluate the clone diversity of the nine PGHs genes within a collection of 24 L. helveticus strains, highly diverse in terms of origin, biotope and autolytic activity. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was applied to assess the genomic diversity of the 24 strains. The presence or absence of nine PGHs genes was verified for all L. helveticus strains. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence were compared for six relevant strains. Finally, gene expression was monitored by reverse transcription during growth and by zymogram for 12 strains. The nine PGHs genes are ubiquitous and transcripted early during growth. Zymograms were similar in terms of molecular size of the bands, but exhibited strain to strain variations in the number of bands revealing from 2 to 5 lytic bands per strain.
authors.affiliation: Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, CIRM-BIA, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jebava
authors.forename: Milada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plockova
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lortal
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valence
mesh_terms: D001329:Autolysis; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D052198:Lactobacillus helveticus / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D010457:Peptidoglycan; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase