title: Can children undergoing ophthalmologic examinations under anesthesia be safely anesthetized without using an IV line?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document that with proper patient and procedure selection, children undergoing general inhalational anesthesia for ophthalmologic exams (with or without photos, ultrasound, laser treatment, peri-ocular injection of chemotherapy, suture removal, and/or replacement of ocular prosthesis) can be safely anesthetized without the use of an intravenous (IV) line. Children are rarely anesthetized without IV access placement. We performed a retrospective study to determine our incidence of IV access placement during examinations under anesthesia (EUA) and the incidence of adverse events that required intraoperative IV access placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected from our operating room (OR) information system includes but is not limited to diagnosis, anesthesiologist, surgeon, and location of IV catheter (if applicable), patient's date of birth, actual procedure, and anesthesia/procedure times. We reviewed the OR and anesthetic records of children (>1 month and <10 years) who underwent EUAs between January 1, 2003 and May 31, 2009. We determined the percentage of children who were anesthetized without IV access placement, as well as the incidence of any adverse events that required IV access placement, intraoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed data from 3196 procedures performed during a 77-month period. Patients' ages ranged from 1 month to 9 years. Overall, 92% of procedures were performed without IV access placement. Procedure duration ranged from 1-39 minutes. Reasons for IV access placement included parental preference for antinausea medication and/or attending preference for IV access placement. No child who underwent anesthesia without an IV line had an intraoperative adverse event requiring insertion of an IV line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that for children undergoing general anesthesia for ophthalmologic exams (with or without photos, ultrasound, laser treatment, intraocular injection of chemotherapy, suture removal, and/or replacement of ocular prosthesis), anesthesia can be safely conducted without placement of an IV line.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vigoda
authors.forename: Azeema
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latiff
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Jacqueline L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tutiven
authors.forename: Audina M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Berrocal
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gayer