title: Differential nano-bio interactions and toxicity effects of pristine versus functionalized graphene.
abstract: We report the effect of carboxyl functionalization of graphene in pacifying its strong hydrophobic interaction with cells and associated toxic effects. Pristine graphene was found to accumulate on the cell membrane causing high oxidative stress leading to apoptosis, whereas carboxyl functionalized hydrophilic graphene was internalized by the cells without causing any toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, 682 041, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Abhilash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasidharan
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Panchakarla
authors.forename: Parwathy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: Deepthy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Shantikumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: C N R
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Manzoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyakutty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D006108:Graphite