title: Effects of low doses of casein hydrolysate on post-challenge glucose and insulin levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ingestion of high doses of casein hydrolysate stimulates insulin secretion in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. The effects of low doses have not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lower doses of a casein hydrolysate on the glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes (age: 58±1 years) were studied. Glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses were determined after the oral administration of 0 (control), 6 or 12 g protein hydrolysate in combination with 50 g carbohydrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve grams of casein hydrolysate, but not 6g, elevated insulin levels and decreased glucose levels post-challenge. These changes over time were not large enough to also affect the total area under the curve of glucose and insulin. C-peptide levels did not change after both treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of six grams of casein hydrolysate did not affect glucose or insulin responses. Intake of 12 g of casein hydrolysate has a small positive effect on post-challenge insulin and glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, PO box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.t.jonker@lumc.nl
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wijngaarden
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kloek
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerhardt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kies
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Romijn
authors.forename: J W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002364:Caseins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C475729:casein hydrolysate