title: One-step preparation of efficient and reusable SO4(2-)/ZrO(2)-based hybrid solid catalysts functionalized by alkyl-bridged organosilica moieties for biodiesel production.
abstract: A series of mesoporous sulfated zirconia materials functionalized by alkyl-bridged organosilica moieties (SO(4)(2-)/ZrO(2)-SiO(2)(R) with various S/Si or Zr/Si molar ratios and R=CH(2)CH(2) or C(6)H(4)) were developed by a one-step co-condensation technique combined with hydrothermal treatment with the aid of a triblock copolymer surfactant (P123). The structures, morphologies, porosities, and acid properties of the materials were well characterized. Subsequently, the catalytic performances (activity and stability) of SO(4)(2-)/ZrO(2)-SiO(2)(R) were evaluated by the transesterification of both pure triglyceride (tripalmitin) and low-cost virgin plant oil (Eruca sativa Gars. oil) with methanol for biodiesel production under mild conditions (atmospheric pressure, 65 °C), and the enhanced catalytic activity with respect to alkyl-free sulfated zirconia was obtained. This excellent catalytic activity was explained in terms of the inherent Brønsted acidity, well-defined mesoporosity, and increased hydrophobicity of the as-prepared, hybrid, solid acid catalyst.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fengyan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shengqu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yihang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000600:supply & distribution; D002384:Catalysis; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D056804:Biofuels; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide