title: Complicated features in a young child with influenza B virus pneumonia and co-infection with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
abstract: A 3.5-year-old child with influenza B virus pneumonia developed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema on the 3rd day of illness. Bronchoscopy demonstrated obstruction of the left main bronchus by mucopurulent sputum. Culture of the broncho-alveolar lavage yielded Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. After the respiratory complications resolved (11 days), the patient developed neurological symptoms and was diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was probably a factor in the development of pneumomediastinum. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of influenza virus infection with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia co-infection associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: I-A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: P-C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D020615:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology