title: Nephrobronchial fistula complicating neglected nephrolithiasis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
abstract: Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication seen in association with renal infections, trauma or stone disease. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an infectious disease with a potential for fistulization to lung, skin, colon and other organs. We present a case of nephrolithiasis complicated by obstruction leading to pyonephrosis and nephrobronchial fistula, treated successfully by nephrectomy and excision of fistulous tracts. Nephrobronchial fistula, although a rare complication of longstanding renal stone, should be considered when a patient presents with perirenal suppurative process. This clinical case illustrates the natural history of nephro-bronchial fistula and the relevance of early treatment of nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India. dribdubey@gmail.com
authors.forename: Indu B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Dharmendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Bhupendra K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001983:Bronchial Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011705:Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery