title: Confinement-deconfinement interplay in quantum phases of doped Mott insulators.
abstract: In the t-J model, the electron fractionalization is dictated by the phase string effect. We find that in the underdoped regime, the antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases are dual: in the former, holons are confined while spinons are deconfined, and vice versa in the latter. These two phases are separated by a novel phase, the so-called Bose-insulating phase, where both holons and spinons are deconfined. A pair of Wilson loops was found to constitute a complete set of order parameters determining this zero-temperature phase diagram. The quantum phase transitions between these phases are suggested to be of non-Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson type.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Chu-Shun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xiao-Liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zheng-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Weng