title: Are retinoids potential therapeutic agents in disorders of social cognition including autism?
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that the nonapeptide, oxytocin (OT), helps shape social and affiliative behaviors not only in lower mammals but also in humans. Recently, an essential mediator of brain OT release has been discovered, ADP-ribosyl cyclase and/or CD38. We have subsequently shown that polymorphisms across the CD38 gene are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Notably, CD38 expression in lymphoblastoid cells (LBC) is reduced in cell lines derived from ASD subjects compared to parental cell lines. Intriguingly, a correlation was observed between CD38 expression and measures of social function in ASD. Finally, we have shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a known inducer of CD38 transcription, can rescue low CD38 expressing LBC lines derived from ASD subjects and restore normal levels of transcription of this ectoenzyme providing 'proof of principle' in a peripheral model that retinoids are potential therapeutic agents in ASD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore. rpebstein@gmail.com
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ebstein
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mankuta
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yirmiya
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malavasi
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism; D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018045:Receptors, Oxytocin; D012176:Retinoids; D010121:Oxytocin; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1