title: Increased risk of pulmonary embolism among US decedents with sarcoidosis from 1988 to 2007.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recently published report from the United Kingdom suggested an association between sarcoidosis and pulmonary embolism (PE). We sought to examine whether this association was present among US decedents with sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the National Center for Health Statistics to investigate the association between sarcoidosis and PE among US decedents from 1988 to 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1988 to 2007, there were 46,450,489 deaths in the United States and 23,679 decedents with sarcoidosis mentioned on their death certificates. Among these, 602 (2.54%) had PE mentioned on their death certificates, compared with only 1.13% of the background population (P < .0001 for comparison). The association between sarcoidosis and PE was significant regardless of gender (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.80-2.39; P < .0001 for men and OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.59-1.96; P ≤ .0001 for women) or race (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.41-1.76; P < .0001 for blacks and OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.63-2.14; P < .0001 for whites). Among decedents with sarcoidosis, there was no difference in risk of PE between men and women (2.30% vs 2.54%, χ(2) = 1.32, P = .25) or between blacks and whites (2.60% vs 2.23%, χ(2) = 3.09, P = .08). The association between sarcoidosis and PE held regardless of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using death certificate data from 1988 to 2007, we detected an association between sarcoidosis and PE regardless of gender, race, or age. Further investigation is needed to decipher the mechanisms of this apparent association.
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO. Electronic address: swigrisj@njc.org.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Swigris
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Tristan J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Huie
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Evans R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Perez
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sprunger
authors.affiliation: Autoimmune Lung Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Program, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Kevin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009309:National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology