title: Expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in gingival tissues, GCF and PICF of periodontitis patients and peri-implantitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High mobility group chromosomal protein B1 (HMGB1) and N2 (HMGN2), two members of high mobility group (HMG) family, play important role in inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in periodontistis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 mRNA in gingival tissues and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in chronic periodontitis (CP), generalised aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP) patients and healthy subjects was detected by real-time PCR. The protein level of HMGB1 and HMGN2 in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), peri-implant crevicular fluid of peri-implantitis (PI-PICF) and normal patients was determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in GCF, PI-PICF and healthy-PICF samples from different groups were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMGN2 expression was increased in inflamed gingival tissues and GCF from CP and G-ApG groups compared to control group. HMGB1 expression was the highest in the gingival tissues and GCF from CP patients and was accompanied by increased concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 proinflammaory cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that the expression of HMGB1 and HMGN2 was increased in the gingival tissues and GCF in CP and G-AgP and the PICF in PICF. Our data suggest that HMGB1 may be a potential target for the therapy of periodontitis and PI.
authors.affiliation: Department of anesthesiology, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Xiao-hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Lu-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000378:metabolism; D015921:Dental Implants; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D024242:HMGN2 Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D024242:HMGN2 Protein; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha