title: Rigid external maxillary distraction and rhinoplasty for pyknodysostosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article reports the treatment of an 33-year-old female patient with pyknodysostosis by rigid external distraction II midface distraction system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient with pyknodysostosis described in this report had severe midfacial hypoplasia. Correction of this by use of routine orthognathic surgery would require osteosynthesis and bone grafting. Risk of infection and/or nonunion after such a surgical procedure was considered too great, and therefore the possibility of treatment by distraction osteogenesis of the maxilla was evaluated. The rigid external distraction II midface distraction system was used to relocate the hypoplastic maxilla at anterior-inferior projection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distraction osteogenesis should be considered as the primary reconstructive method for maxillofacial deformities in patients with sclerosing bone dysplasias, since this is the second reported case treated successfully with rigid external distraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Altan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.forename: Fidan Alakus
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sabuncuoglu
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sencimen
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akcam
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olmez
authors.forename: Selçuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D058631:Pycnodysostosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed