title: GRIM-19: A Double-edged Sword that Regulates Anti-Tumor and Innate Immune Responses.
abstract: Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-β-induced mortality (GRIM)-19, was originally identified as a critical regulatory protein necessary for Interferon-β-Retinoic acid-induced cell death. Overexpression of GRIM-19 activates cell death and its suppression or inactivation promotes cell growth. GRIM-19 targets multiple proteins/pathways for exerting growth control and cell death. However, GRIM-19 is also required for normal cellular processes. In addition, viruses 'hijack' GRIM-19 for their survival. Intracellular bacterial infections and bacterial products have been reported to induce the expression of GRIM-19. In this review, we will discuss the current status of GRIM-19 in growth control and innate immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201.
authors.forename: Shreeram C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nallar
authors.forename: Sudhakar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalakonda
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dhan V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Kalvakolanu