title: Early cessation success or failure among women attempting to quit smoking: trajectories and volatility of urge and negative mood during the first postcessation week.
abstract: Aversive symptoms of abstinence from nicotine have been posited to lead to smoking relapse and research on temporal patterns of abstinence symptoms confirms this assumption. However, little is known about the association of symptom trajectories early after quitting with postcessation smoking or about the differential effects of tonic (background) versus phasic (temptation-related) symptom trajectories on smoking status. The current study examined trajectories of urge and negative mood among 300 women using the nicotine patch during the first postcessation week. Ecological momentary assessments collected randomly and during temptation episodes were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling yielding four individual trajectory parameters: intercept (initial symptom level), linear slope (direction and rate of change), quadratic coefficient (curvature), and volatility (scatter). Early lapsers, who lapsed during the first postcessation week, exhibited more severe tonic urge and phasic negative mood immediately after quitting, and more volatile tonic and phasic urge compared to abstainers. Late lapsers, who were abstinent during the first week but lapsed by 1 month, exhibited more severe tonic urge immediately after quitting compared to abstainers. These results demonstrate the importance of early postcessation urge and negative affect and highlight the value of examining both tonic and phasic effects of abstinence from nicotine.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, P.O. Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA. lcwoerpel@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cofta-Woerpel
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Yisheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Urbauer
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cinciripini
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine