title: Multiple pathway drug-resistance (review).
abstract: During the past few years it has become apparent that multiple mechanisms of resistance are playing a role in the clinical manifestations of drug resistance. In different organs and tumors, various components of the resistance phenotype are expressed to varying degrees. The cells utilize multiple pathways to overcome the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. No single mechanism can account for the full extent of resistance.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattern
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volm