title: [Expression and significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for MIF was performed on tissue sections of 110 patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma and 10 normal controls, and the correlations between MIF and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal bladder urothelium from control subjects showed negative or weak staining of MIF. Of the cancer specimens, 72/110 (65.5%) showed a moderate to strong staining of MIF. The expression of MIF protein was found predominantly in the tumor cell cytoplasm and inversely correlated with tumor stage. 27 cases also showed a positive intranuclear staining of MIF, which was inversely correlated with tumor grade, stage and tumor size. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of MIF in the cell nuclei was associated with disease-free survival for the cancer patients, but multivariate analysis showed that MIF was not an independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of MIF in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer tissues was more frequently than that in muscle-invasive disease, the positive staining of MIF in cell nuclei might be a favorable biomarker for patients with bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang 261041, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Shun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lu-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C515598:MIF protein, human