title: Risk of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I): case-control study results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) causes not only adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) but also HTLV-I associated T-cell bronchioloalveolitis, which is often chronic and subclinical. We have experienced eight HTVL-I carriers with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, which is known to arise from bronchioloalveolar pneumocytes. This case-control study clarified the risk of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in HTLV-I carriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the past four years, 212 lung cancer patients were examined for serum anti-HTLV-I antibody. They underwent surgical treatment for lung cancer at Kumamoto University Hospital. Of these, 8 (4%) were HTLV-I carriers. As controls for this case-control study, we selected 24 HTLV-I negative-lung cancer patients (1:3 case-control ratio) matched for sex, age, and smoking status. The distributions of histological types of lung cancer were compared between the case (HTLV-I positive) and control (HTLV-I negative) groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological types of the 8 HTLV-I carriers were bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in 6 patients and adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component in 2. The prevalence of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in HTLV-I carriers, 6 of 8 (75%), was significantly higher than the 6 of 24 (25%) in HTLV-I negative patients (p = 0.02). The prevalence of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma or adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma component in HTLV-I carriers, 8 of 8 (100%), was also significantly higher than the 13 of 24 (54%) in HTLV-I negative patients (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HTLV-I might be one risk of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, probably because of inflammatory and/or immunologic responses involving bronchioloalveolar pneumocytes.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hnomori@qk9.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomori
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iyama
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamakura
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015480:Deltaretrovirus Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015480:Deltaretrovirus Antibodies