title: Influenza, solar radiation and vitamin D.
abstract: The annual death numbers of influenza and pneumonia in Norway were studied for the time period 1980-2000. No direct relationships were found with the variations of the annual UVB fluences, probably due to the fact that these variations did not exceed 30%. However, there was a very pronounced seasonal variation of both influenza deaths and pneumonia deaths, the vast majority occurring during the winter. Vitamin D levels were also estimated from several publications. The data support the hypothesis that a high vitamin D level, as that found in the summer, acts in a protective manner with respect to influenza as well as pneumonia. The findings are discussed and compared with data from tropical and subtropical areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; the Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Montebello, Oslo Norway.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moan
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlback
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juzeniene