title: Infection of dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 induces rapid degradation of CYTIP, thereby modulating adhesion and migration.
abstract: Immune responses require spatial and temporal coordinated interactions between different cell types within distinct microenvironments. This dynamic interplay depends on the competency of the involved cells, predominantly leukocytes, to actively migrate to defined sites of cellular encounters in various tissues. Because of their unique capacity to transport antigen from the periphery to secondary lymphoid tissues for the activation of naive T cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initiation and orchestration of adaptive immune responses. Therefore, pathogen-mediated interference with this process is a very effective way of immune evasion. CYTIP (cytohesin-interacting protein) is a key regulator of DC motility. It has previously been described to control LFA-1 deactivation and to regulate DC adherence. CYTIP expression is up-regulated during DC maturation, enabling their transition from the sessile to the motile state. Here, we demonstrate that on infection of human monocyte-derived DCs with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), CYTIP is rapidly degraded and as a consequence β-2 integrins, predominantly LFA-1, are activated. Furthermore, we show that the impairment of migration in HSV-1-infected DCs is in part the result of this increased integrin-mediated adhesion. Thus, we propose a new mechanism of pathogen-interference with central aspects of leukocyte biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. alexander.steinkasserer@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Alexandros A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Theodoridis
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eich
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Figdor
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinkasserer
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D018821:CD18 Antigens; C084539:CYTIP protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex