title: Salivary hormone and immune responses to three resistance exercise schemes in elite female athletes.
abstract: This study examined the salivary hormone and immune responses of elite female athletes to 3 different resistance exercise schemes. Fourteen female basketball players each performed an endurance scheme (ES-4 sets of 12 reps, 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) load, 1-minute rest periods), a strength-hypertrophy scheme (SHS-1 set of 5RM, 1 set of 4RM, 1 set of 3RM, 1 set of 2RM, and 1set of 1RM with 3-minute rest periods, followed by 3 sets of 10RM with 2-minute rest periods) and a power scheme (PS-3 sets of 10 reps, 50% 1RM load, 3-minute rest periods) using the same exercises (bench press, squat, and biceps curl). Saliva samples were collected at 07:30 hours, pre-exercise (Pre) at 09:30 hours, postexercise (Post), and at 17:30 hours. Matching samples were also taken on a nonexercising control day. The samples were analyzed for testosterone, cortisol (C), and immunoglobulin A concentrations. The total volume of load lifted differed among the 3 schemes (SHS > ES > PS, p < 0.05). Postexercise C concentrations increased after all schemes, compared to control values (p < 0.05). In the SHS, the postexercise C response was also greater than pre-exercise data (p < 0.05). The current findings confirm that high-volume resistance exercise schemes can stimulate greater C secretion because of higher metabolic demand. In terms of practical applications, acute changes in C may be used to evaluate the metabolic demands of different resistance exercise schemes, or as a tool for monitoring training strain.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Blair T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Crewther
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ugrinowitsch
authors.forename: Valmor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tricoli
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viveiros
authors.forename: Dante
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Rose
authors.forename: Marcelo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007109:Immunity; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance; D055070:Resistance Training; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone