title: Differential expression patterns of capping protein, protein phosphatase 1, and casein kinase 1 may serve as diagnostic markers for malignant melanoma.
abstract: Early and accurate diagnosis of malignant melanoma is critical for patient survival. However, currently used diagnostic markers are insufficiently specific, which limits their utility. We aimed to identify molecular markers that are more specific to malignant melanoma, thereby aiding in melanoma diagnosis and treatment. A PCR-based suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify capping protein Z-line α1, protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit β isoform (PP1CB), and casein kinase 1 α1 (CSNK1A1) as being differentially expressed between melanoma cells and normal melanocytes. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed that these genes were overexpressed in melanoma cells. In addition, immunohistochemical assays revealed that the expression of PP1CB and CSNK1A1 was significantly greater in human melanoma specimens than nevi (P<0.0001). Combined application of PP1CB and CSNK1A showed high sensitivity and specificity for melanoma. Thus, our data suggest that PP1CB and CSNK1A1 are potential biomarkers for distinguishing malignant melanoma from other melanocytic lesions. In addition, because capping protein Z-line α1, PP1CB, and CSNK1A1 are involved in cell motility, which underlies invasion and metastasis of human cancer; they may be novel targets for antimetastatic therapies as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
authors.forename: Daxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kowolik
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trisal
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kemp H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kernstine
authors.forename: Fangru
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Binghui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051347:CapZ Actin Capping Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047389:Casein Kinase I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495842:CAPZA1 protein, human; D051347:CapZ Actin Capping Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D047389:Casein Kinase I; C517188:PPP1CB protein, human; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1