title: Genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of 4 Newcastle disease virus isolate full genomes from waterbirds in South China during 2003-2007.
abstract: Complete genomes of four Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, isolated from ducks and wild birds in Guangdong province of China from 2003 to 2007, were sequenced and analyzed in this study. Pathogenicity tests in chicken embryos and chickens illustrate that D3 and R8 are lentogenic, and W4 and P4 are mesogenic strains. Phylogenetic analysis using all six genes provides a high resolution profile for genotype designation as genotype I for D3 and R8 strains and genotype VI for W4 and P4 strains. In addition, molecular dating based on different genes suggests that D3 and R8 diverged from their common ancestor at around 1998; W4 and P4 diverged from their common ancestor at around 1999. Subsequent selective pressure analysis displayed specific traits of genes evolution in all 4 strains since their divergence from the recent common ancestor. Furthermore, the geographic origins of 4 strains were deduced to be from Europe via two independent introduction events by phylogeographical analysis. This provides insights to the potential influence of waterfowl migration on NDV epidemiology.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Shaoxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mabel Ting
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Peirong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Mang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tommy Tsan-Yuk
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Frederick Chi-Ching
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral