title: Evaluation of the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer in horses and cattle.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate and validate the accuracy of the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses and cattle. Both eyes of 10 adult horses and cattle were evaluated in a postmortem study. The eyes from 10 clinically normal adult horses and cattle were also examined after bilateral auriculopalpebral nerve block and topical anesthesia for an in vivo study. IOP was measured postmortem using direct manometry (measured with an aneroid manometer) and tonometry (measured with a Perkins handheld applanation tonometer). The correlation coefficients (r(2)) for the data from the postmortem manometry and Perkins tonometer study were 0.866 for horses and 0.864 for cattle. In the in vivo study, IOP in horses was 25.1 ± 2.9 mmHg (range 19.0~30.0 mmHg) as measured by manometry and 23.4 ± 3.2 mmHg (range 18.6~28.4 mmHg) according to tonometry. In cattle, IOP was found to be 19.7 ± 1.2 mmHg (range 18.0~22.0 mmHg) by manometry and 18.8 ± 1.7 mmHg (range 15.9~20.8 mmHg) by tonometry. There was a strong correlation between the IOP values obtained by direct ocular manometry and the tonometer in both horses and cattle. Our results demonstrate that the Perkins handheld tonometer could be an additional tool for accurately measuring IOP in equine and bovine eyes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572, CEP 19001-970, Presidente Prudente, Brazil. silviafranco@unoeste.br
authors.forename: Silvia Franco
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Daniel Silva
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kupper
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Rodrigues
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: Elizabeth Cunha
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Marcus Vinícius Felix Fabri
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Prataviera
authors.forename: Rodrigo Rolim
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: José Ricardo Cecílio
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Junqueira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005123:Eye / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*