title: Isolation and anti-inflammatory effect of astragalin synthesized by enzymatic hydrolysis of tea seed extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The application of tea seed extract (TSE) has been widely investigated because of its biological activities. In this paper, two flavonol triglycosides in TSE-camelliaside A (CamA) and camelliaside B (CamB)-were subjected to hydrolysis in the presence of two commercial enzyme complexes (Pectinex™ series): Smash and Mash.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smash hydrolyzed only the xylosyl moiety of CamB, and the main product was kaempferol diglycoside (nicotiflorin, NF). On the other hand, Mash induced the hydrolysis of both CamA and CamB, and kaempferol monoglycoside (astragalin, AS) was found to be a main product. Pure AS with > 96% purity was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of TSE using Mash, and the chemical structure of AS was confirmed by (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The prepared pure AS showed anti-inflammatory activities by significantly inhibiting cellular nitrite oxide (IC(50) = 363 µg mL(-1)), prostaglandin E(2) (IC(50) = 134 µg mL(-1)) and interleukin-6 production (IC(50) = 289 µg mL(-1)) by lipopolysaccharide -stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that pure AS can be prepared by enzymatic partial hydrolysis of TSE and employed as an anti-inflammatory material. This is the first study to address the preparation of pure AS from natural sources.
authors.affiliation: National Research Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang-Bok
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Ki
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-gu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Tae Gil
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D006027:Glycosides; D015850:Interleukin-6; D044949:Kaempferols; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C070688:camelliaside B; C070687:camelliaside A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011794:Quercetin; C001579:astragalin; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D015232:Dinoprostone