title: Implementation of an inexpensive method of vitrification and warming of human cleavage-stage embryos using cut standard straws.
abstract: The aim of this report is to describe our experience and results with implementation of a cut standard straw technique for vitrification and warming of day 3 cleavage-stage human embryos. Detailed description of the method and results of 63 frozen embryo transfers performed with this technology are discussed, and it is concluded that this method provides a reliable, inexpensive, and effective option of embryo vitrification at a cleaved stage.
authors.affiliation: Fertility and Reproductive Health Institute of Northern California, San Jose, CA 95124, USA. mgvakharia@fpnc.com
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gvakharia
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002140:California; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D017694:Rewarming / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation; D058989:Vitrification