title: Effects of a simulated oral environment and sterilization on load-deflection properties of superelastic nickel titanium-based orthodontic wires.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the load-deflection characteristics of three types of nickel-titanium wires and investigate the effects of recycling on superelastic properties of them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty specimens for any of the single-strand Ni-Ti (Rematitan "Lite'), multi-strand Ni-Ti (SPEED Supercable) and Copper Ni-Ti (Damon Copper Ni-Ti) were tested. Ten specimens of each wire were subjected to three point bending test in the as-received condition (T0). The remaining wires were kept in a simulated oral environment for 2 months. Then, half of these specimens were tested for their load-deflection properties (T1), while the others were autoclave sterilized before testing (T2). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rematitan "Lite"showed significantly greater force than Damon Copper Ni- Ti and Damon Copper Ni-Ti, demonstrated significantly greater force than Supercable (p < 0.05). The effect of recycling on bending properties of nickel-titanium wires was significant (p < 0.05). T1 wires were generally associated with significantly lower forces than T0 specimens in deflections less than 2.0 mm, while load-deflection characteristics of T2 wires were not considerably different from those of T0 specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supercable is useful when very light force is needed during orthodontic treatment, for example in severe crowding cases and traumatized teeth. Damon Copper Ni-Ti may be suitable for routine orthodontic treatment in adolescent and adult patients. It is suggested that clinicians who want to recycle nickel-titanium wires use autoclave sterilization.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Barat-Ali
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ramazanzadeh
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahrari
authors.forename: Berahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sabzevari
authors.forename: Seyed Mojtaba
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zebarjad
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahrari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003300:Copper; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D018583:Pliability; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013227:Steam; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: C415948:Copper NiTi; D003722:Dental Alloys; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013227:Steam; C040654:titanium nickelide; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium