title: At the intersection of social and cognitive development: internal working models of attachment in infancy.
abstract: Three visual habituation studies using abstract animations tested the claim that infants' attachment behavior in the Strange Situation procedure corresponds to their expectations about caregiver-infant interactions. Three unique patterns of expectations were revealed. Securely attached infants expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to provide comfort. Insecure-resistant infants not only expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers but also expected caregivers to withhold comfort. Insecure-avoidant infants expected infants to avoid seeking comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to withhold comfort. These data support Bowlby's (1958) original claims-that infants form internal working models of attachment that are expressed in infants' own behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University Department of Psychology, Stanford University Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg.
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Dweck
authors.forename: Frances S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hilarie L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Su-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barth