title: From vineyard to glass: agrochemicals enhance the melatonin and total polyphenol contents and antiradical activity of red wines.
abstract: Resistance inducers are a class of agrochemicals, including benzothiadiazole and chitosan, which activate the plant own defence mechanisms. In this work, open-field treatments with plant activators were performed on two red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties cultivated in different localities, Groppello (Brescia, Lombardia, Italy) and Merlot (Treviso, Veneto, Italy). Treatments were carried out every 10 days until the véraison and, after harvesting, experimental wines (microvinificates) were prepared. In general, both melatonin and total polyphenol content, determined by mass spectrometry and Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively, were higher in wines produced from grapes treated with resistance inducers than in those obtained from untreated control and conventional fungicide-treated grapes. Accordingly, antiradical power of wines derived from plant activator-treated grapes, measured by both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the ABTS [(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical-scavenging assay, was higher than in their counterparts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of agrochemicals on the melatonin content of red wine.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitalini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gardana
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanzotto
authors.forename: Gelsomina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fico
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faoro
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iriti
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000032:analysis*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D059808:Polyphenols; D008550:Melatonin