title: Pleural lavage with distilled water during surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, and to apply pleural lavage with distilled water to surgery for ESCC. Three human ESCC cell lines, TE5, TE9 and KYSE170 were exposed to distilled water, and morphological changes in ESCC cells were closely observed under a differential interference contrast microscope connected to a high-speed digital video camera. Further, serial cell volume changes after hypotonic shock were measured using a high-resolution flow cytometer. To investigate the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock on ESCC cells, re-incubation of ESCC cells was performed after hypotonic shock. Additionally, the effects of 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB), a Cl- channel blocker, during hypotonic shock were analyzed. Video recordings by high-speed digital camera demonstrated that hypotonic shock with distilled water induced cell swelling followed by cell rupture. Measurements of cell volume changes using a high-resolution flow cytometer indicated that severe hypotonicity with distilled water increased broken fragments of ESCC cells within 5 min. Re-incubation experiments demonstrated cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock on ESCC cells. Treatment of cells with NPPB increased cell volumes by the inhibition of regulatory volume decrease, which is observed during hypotonic shock, and enhanced cytocidal effects. These findings demonstrated the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock on ESCC cells, and clearly support the efficacy of pleural lavage with distilled water during surgery for ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosuga
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iitaka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujiura
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morimura
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakahari
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Marunaka
authors.forename: Eigo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otsuji
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape; D048429:Cell Size; D002470:Cell Survival; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D009579:Nitrobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D035422:Pleural Cavity; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D009579:Nitrobenzoates; D014867:Water; C058176:5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride