title: Association of low-risk human papillomavirus infection with male circumcision in young men: results from a longitudinal study conducted in Orange Farm (South Africa).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus (LR-HPV) genotypes 6 and 11 cause genital warts. This study investigated the association of LR-HPV infection with male circumcision (MC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the South African MC trial conducted among young men. Urethral swabs, collected among intervention (circumcised) and control (uncircumcised) groups, were analyzed using HPV linear array. Adjusted LR-HPV prevalence rate ratio (aPPR) and Poisson mean ratio (aPMR) of number of LR-HPV genotypes were estimated using log-Poisson regression, controlling for background characteristics, sexual behaviour, and HIV and HSV-2 statuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, LR-HPV prevalence and mean number of genotypes were significantly lower among the intervention group ((8.5% versus 15.8%; aPRR: 0.54, P < .001) and (0.33 versus 0.18; aPMR: 0.54, P < .001), resp.). Mean number of LR-HPV genotypes increased with number of lifetime sexual partners and decreased with education level and consistent condom use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a reduction in LR-HPV infection among circumcised men.
authors.affiliation: CESP, INSERM-UVSQ, UMRS 1018, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarnaud
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissouba
authors.forename: Ewalde
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puren
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taljaard
authors.forename: Bertran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Auvert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052140:Human papillomavirus 11 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult