title: Multilevel analysis of habitual physical activity and metabolic syndrome in Northern Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the relationship between the availability of public facilities for habitual physical activity in the community and metabolic syndrome in northern Taiwan, one of most densely populated countries in the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects consisted of 14,658 participants (43.3% men and 56.7% women) ≥40 years old (mean=59.5) from 10 districts of Taoyuan County in a health check-up program in 2004-2005. Public facilities for habitual physical activity included school campuses and parks, and the density of such facilities was categorized into four levels. Multilevel logistic regression models were created to examine the effect on metabolic syndrome at both the individual and the contextual level using MLwiN software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of the contextual variable to the model that included individual characteristics led to a further reduction of 7.2% in the variance. Using the facility density level I as the reference, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of metabolic syndrome for levels II, III, and IV were 0.87 (0.71-1.07), 0.87 (0.68-1.12), and 0.78 (0.61-0.99), respectively, with the trend test reaching significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater availability of free facilities for habitual physical activity in a district was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome among its residents.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shi-Heng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Po-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Chuhsing K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Pi-Hua
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kuo-Liong
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Shue-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wei J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011633:Public Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan