title: [Corrosion property and oxide film of dental casting alloys before and after porcelain firing].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the types and compositions of oxide films formed during porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) firing on three kinds of dental casting alloys, and to investigate the corrosion property of these alloys in Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM) cell culture fluid, before and after PFM firing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens of three dental casting alloys (Ni-Cr, Co-Cr and Ni-Ti) before and after PFM firing were prepared, and were immersed in DMEM cell culture fluid. After 30 days, the type and concentration of released metal ions were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for analysis of oxide film on the alloys. One way-ANOVA was adopted in data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total amount of metal ions released from the three dental alloys was found to be highest in Ni-Cr alloy [(2.829 ± 0.694) mg/L], followed by Co-Cr [(2.120 ± 0.418) mg/L] and Ni-Ti alloy [(1.211 ± 0.101) mg/L]. The amount of Ni ions released from Ni-Cr alloys [(1.531 ± 0.392) mg/L] was higher than that from Ni-Ti alloys [(0.830 ± 0.052) mg/L]. The amount of Cr, Mo ions released from Co-Cr alloy [Cr: (0.048 ± 0.011) mg/L, Mo: (1.562 ± 0.333) mg/L] was higher than that from Ni-Cr alloy [Cr: (0.034 ± 0.002) mg/L, Mo: (1.264 ± 0.302) mg/L] and Ni-Ti alloy [Cr: (0.013 ± 0.006) mg/L, Mo: (0.151 ± 0.026) mg/L] (P < 0.05). After PFM firing, the total amount of metal irons released from the three dental alloys decreased [Ni-Cr: (0.861 ± 0.054) mg/L, Co-Cr: (0.695 ± 0.327) mg/L, Ni-Ti: (0.892 ± 0.115) mg/L] (P < 0.05). In addition, XPS showed increase of Cr(2)O(3) and Mo-Ni oxide on the surface of all the alloys after PFM firing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of ions released from Ni-Cr alloy was the highest among the three dental casting alloys, this means Ni-Cr alloy is prone to corrode. The PFM firing process changed the alloys' surface composition. Increased Ni, Cr and Mo were found in oxide film, and the increase in Cr(2)O(3) can improve the corrosion-resistance of alloys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Feng-ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D064347:Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D010087:Oxides; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D008982:Molybdenum; D014025:Titanium