title: Separation/preconcentration methods for the determination of aluminum in dialysate solution and scalp hair samples of kidney failure patients.
abstract: A new method is reported for the separation of aluminum ions (Al(3+)) from interfering cations in pharmaceutical and biological samples through solid-phase extraction (SPE) using 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hydroxyquinaldine) on activated silica. While separated Al(3+) was preconcentrated by cloud point extraction (CPE) using 3,5,7,2'-4'-pentahydroxyflavone (morin) as complexing reagent, the resulting complex was entrapped in nonionic surfactant (Triton X-114) as prior step to its determination by spectrofluorimetry (SPF). The validity of separation/preconcentration of Al(3+) was checked by certified reference material of human hair and standard addition method. The chemical variables affecting the analytical performance of the separation/preconcentration methods were studied and optimized. The enrichment factor and detection limit of Al(3+) for the preconcentration of 10 ml of dialysate solution and acid-digested samples of scalp hair samples were found to be 25 and 0.34 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviation for six replicates of standard containing 20 μg/L of Al(3+) was <10%. In all DS, the concentration of Al was >10 μg/L. The level of Al in scalp hair samples of kidney failure patients was higher than healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: .National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan. skhanzai@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Jameel Ahmed
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Nida Fatima
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kolachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017830:Octoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012015:Reference Standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012996:Solutions; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013696:Temperature; D047309:Flavones
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D005419:Flavonoids; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D017830:Octoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012996:Solutions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C008548:morin; D047309:Flavones; C010615:Nonidet P-40