title: Developing and testing a new measure of staff nurse clinical leadership: the clinical leadership survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the psychometric properties of a newly developed measure of staff nurse clinical leadership derived from Kouzes and Posner's model of transformational leadership.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While nurses have been recognized for their essential role in keeping patients safe, there has been little empirical research that has examined clinical leadership at the staff nurse level.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-experimental survey design was used to test the psychometric properties of the clinical leadership survey (CLS). Four hundred and eighty registered nurses (RNs) providing direct patient care in Ontario acute care hospitals returned useable questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis provided preliminary evidence for the construct validity for the new measure of staff nurse clinical leadership. Structural empowerment fully mediated the relationship between nursing leadership and staff nurse clinical leadership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide encouraging evidence for the construct validity of the CLS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing administrators must create empowering work environments to ensure staff nurses have access to work structures which enable them to enact clinical leadership behaviours while providing direct patient care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Sciences, School of Nursing, George Brown College, Toronto. apatrick@georgebrown.ca
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: Heather K Spence
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Laschinger
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finegan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009864:Ontario; D011209:Power, Psychological; D016730:Program Development; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires