title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus interact with age and dietary intake of fat to determine serum adiponectin in subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin gene expression is modulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which is a transcription factor activated by unsaturated fatty acids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of the interaction between variants at the ADIPOQ gene locus, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and the replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or carbohydrates on serum adiponectin concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RISCK (Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Cambridge, and Kings) study is a parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured after a 4-wk high-SFA (HS) diet and a 24-wk intervention with reference (HS), high-MUFA (HM), and low-fat (LF) diets. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ locus -11391 G/A (rs17300539), -10066 G/A (rs182052), -7734 A/C (rs16861209), and +276 G/T (rs1501299) were genotyped in 448 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In white Europeans, +276 T was associated with higher serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 340; P = 0.006) and -10066 A was associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations (n = 360; P = 0.03), after adjustment for age, BMI, and sex. After the HM diet, -10066 G/G subjects showed a 3.8% increase (95% CI: -0.1%, 7.7%) and G/A+A/A subjects a 2.6% decrease (95% CI: -5.6%, 0.4%) in serum adiponectin (P = 0.006 for difference after adjustment for the change in BMI, age, and sex). In -10066 G/G homozygotes, serum adiponectin increased with age after the HM diet and decreased after the LF diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In white -10066 G/G homozygotes, an HM diet may help to increase adiponectin concentrations with advancing age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN29111298.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aseel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: AlSaleh
authors.forename: Sandra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: O'Dell
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jebb
authors.forename: Thomas A B
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007328:Insulin