title: Tracheobronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors: analysis of 40 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumors which usually involve the upper airways and the patients most often complain of cough and hemoptysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed from 1990 through 2007 on 40 patients with carcinoid tumor who had been followed up for at least 3 years. The statistical analysis were based on tumor epidemiology, treatment and the 3-year survival. The factors influencing the survival were analyzed using SPSS and exact Fisher test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  M/F was 16/24 with mean age 34 years. Their most common symptoms were coughing (90%) . The left main bronchus was the most common site of involvement (25%). 95% of all the cases underwent surgery and 5% of the patients underwent chemoradiotherapy due to distant metastasis . The most common surgical procedure was lobectomy or biloectomy (57.8%). Bronchial sleeve resection was performed on 10.4% of the patients. The most common pathology was the typical form (90%) and 5% of the madiastinal lymph nodes were involvd all of the atypical type. Carcinoid syndrome was seen in one patient (2.5%) and post operative adjuvant treatment was done in 5% of the patients after surgery because of mediastinal lymph node involvement. Post operative recurrence occurred in one patient (2.6%) of the atypical form with mediastinal lymph nodes involvement. The most common complication of surgery was a long- term air leakage (10.4%) and the surgical death rate was 0%. 3-year survival was 92.5%. The factors influencing the survival included the pathological type, distant metastasis and mediastinal lymph node involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carcinoid tumors have mostly been responsive to surgical intervention, resulting in a long term survival.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Mohammad taghi Rajabi
authors.initials: Mt
authors.lastname: Mashhadi
authors.forename: S Ziaallah
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Haghi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadrizadh
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rezaeetalab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult