title: Mesenchymal stem cells: Molecular characteristics and clinical applications.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can differentiate into osteoblastic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages, although recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs are also able to differentiate into other lineages, including neuronal and cardiomyogenic lineages. Since their original isolation from the bone marrow, MSCs have been successfully harvested from many other tissues. Their ease of isolation and ex vivo expansion combined with their immunoprivileged nature has made these cells popular candidates for stem cell therapies. These cells have the potential to alter disease pathophysiology through many modalities including cytokine secretion, capacity to differentiate along various lineages, immune modulation and direct cell-cell interaction with diseased tissue. Here we first review basic features of MSC biology including MSC characteristics in culture, homing mechanisms, differentiation capabilities and immune modulation. We then highlight some in vivo and clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic roles of MSCs and their uses in orthopedic, autoimmune, and ischemic disorders.
authors: Farbod Rastegar, Deana Shenaq, Jiayi Huang, Wenli Zhang, Bing-Qiang Zhang, Bai-Cheng He, Liang Chen, Guo-Wei Zuo, Qing Luo, Qiong Shi, Eric R Wagner, Enyi Huang, Yanhong Gao, Jian-Li Gao, Stephanie H Kim, Jian-Zhong Zhou, Yang Bi, Yuxi Su, Gaohui Zhu, Jinyong Luo, Xiaoji Luo, Jiaqiang Qin, Russell R Reid, Hue H Luu, Rex C Haydon, Zhong-Liang Deng, Tong-Chuan He, Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
authors: Farbod
authors: F
authors: Rastegar
authors: Deana
authors: D
authors: Shenaq
authors: Jiayi
authors: J
authors: Huang
authors: Wenli
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Bing-Qiang
authors: BQ
authors: Zhang
authors: Bai-Cheng
authors: BC
authors: He
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Guo-Wei
authors: GW
authors: Zuo
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Luo
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Shi
authors: Eric R
authors: ER
authors: Wagner
authors: Enyi
authors: E
authors: Huang
authors: Yanhong
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Jian-Li
authors: JL
authors: Gao
authors: Stephanie H
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Jian-Zhong
authors: JZ
authors: Zhou
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Bi
authors: Yuxi
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Gaohui
authors: G
authors: Zhu
authors: Jinyong
authors: J
authors: Luo
authors: Xiaoji
authors: X
authors: Luo
authors: Jiaqiang
authors: J
authors: Qin
authors: Russell R
authors: RR
authors: Reid
authors: Hue H
authors: HH
authors: Luu
authors: Rex C
authors: RC
authors: Haydon
authors: Zhong-Liang
authors: ZL
authors: Deng
authors: Tong-Chuan
authors: TC
authors: He
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