title: Comparison of onset and duration of action of soft tissue and pulpal anesthesia with three volumes of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in maxillary infiltration anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized double-blind investigation was conducted to compare the onset and duration of action of soft tissue and pulpal anesthesia with three volumes of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in maxillary infiltration anesthesia. The injection discomfort associated with three volumes of infiltration anesthesia was also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 subjects received 0.6 mL (group 1), 0.9 mL (group 2), and 1.2 mL (group 3) of the anesthetic buccal to the upper canine. Test teeth were assessed with electrical stimulation to determine onset and duration of pulpal anesthesia. Soft tissue anesthesia was assessed by pin-prick test, and injection discomfort was assessed using a visual analogue scale. The statistical analysis of the data recorded was carried out with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1.2-mL dose induced faster onset of pulpal anesthesia, a higher success rate, and a longer duration of soft tissue/pulpal anesthesia than was achieved with 0.6 mL (P < 0.005). No differences in injection discomfort were observed between treatment groups. Group 3 where 1.2 mL of local anesthetic was injected showed faster onset and longer duration of action of articaine. Group 3 also had longer soft tissue anesthesia as compared to groups 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillary infiltration anesthesia with articaine and epinephrine has a faster onset, a greater success rate, and a longer duration when a volume of 1.2 mL is used than when volumes less than 1.0 mL are used. Palatal tissues were anesthetized with the highest concentration (1.2 mL) in our study (30% of cases).
authors: Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Allapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai (T.N), 600 095, India.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sreekumar
authors: Darpan
authors: D
authors: Bhargava
references: Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Dec;33(6):417-25
references: 9435991
references: Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 1994;104(8):952-5
references: 8091174
references: Oper Dent. 1996 Jan-Feb;21(1):25-30
references: 8957912
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 2000 May;131(5):635-42
references: 10832257
references: Med Oral. 2003 Mar-Apr;8(2):143-9
references: 12618675
references: J Endod. 2008 May;34(5):514-8
references: 18436027
references: J Endod. 1989 Jan;15(1):6-12
references: 2607268
references: J Prosthet Dent. 1973 Jan;29(1):84-7
references: 4629214
references: Anesth Prog. 2008 Summer;55(2):29-34
references: 18547150
references: J Can Dent Assoc. 1984 Sep;50(9):703-8
references: 6386124
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 2001 Feb;132(2):177-85
references: 11217590