title: Change of gastric emptying with chewing gum: evaluation using a continuous real-time C breath test (BreathID system).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are few reports on the correlation between chewing gum and the gastrointestinal functions. But previous report showed use of chewing gum to be an effective method for controlling gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between chewing gum and gastric emptying using the continuous real time (13)C breath test (BreathID system).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, 2-way crossover study. The subjects fasted overnight and were randomly assigned to chewing gum (Xylish, 2-3/1 tablet) for an hour following intake of a test meal (200 kcal/200 mL) or intake of the test meal alone. Gastric emptying was monitored for 4 hours after administration of the test meal by the (13)C-acetic acid breath test performed continually using the BreathID system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in the calculated parameters, namely, T(1/2) (median, 111.82 vs 109.26 minutes; P = 0.575), T(lag) (median, 53.28 vs 56.53 minutes; P = 0.333), gastric emptying coefficient (median, 3.58 vs 3.65; P = 0.285), regression-estimated constant β (median, 1.85 vs 1.80; P = 0.575) and regression-estimated constant κ (median, 0.61 vs 0.62; P = 0.959) were observed between the test meal alone group and the test meal and chewing gum group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that chewing gum had no effect on the rate of gastric emptying. Therefore, since chewing gum did not enhance the speed of gastric emptying, it may ameliorate gastrointestinal symptoms through other mechanisms, such as saliva and autonomic nervous system.
authors: Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors: Yasunari
authors: Y
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Shingo
authors: S
authors: Kato
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Sekino
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Sakai
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Uchiyama
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Iida
authors: Kunihiro
authors: K
authors: Hosono
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Endo
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Fujita
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Koide
authors: Hirokazu
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Yoneda
authors: Chikako
authors: C
authors: Tokoro
authors: Ayumu
authors: A
authors: Goto
authors: Yasunobu
authors: Y
authors: Abe
authors: Noritoshi
authors: N
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Kensuke
authors: K
authors: Kubota
authors: Shin
authors: S
authors: Maeda
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Nakajima
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Inamori
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Feb;15(2):151-5
references: 11148431
references: J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;45(4):413-21
references: 19997942
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jan;89(1):431-5
references: 19056566
references: J Dent Res. 2005 Nov;84(11):1062-5
references: 16246942
references: Digestion. 2005;72(2-3):189-94
references: 16179787
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Feb;93(2):244-8
references: 9468252
references: Digestion. 2009;79 Suppl 1:13-8
references: 19153485
references: Digestion. 2009;79(2):65-72
references: 19246923
references: Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008 Jun;20(6):618-24
references: 18248581
references: Hepatogastroenterology. 2008 Sep-Oct;55(86-87):1905-7
references: 19102419
references: Hepatogastroenterology. 2009 May-Jun;56(91-92):918-20
references: 19621729
references: J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jul;42(7):539-42
references: 17653649
references: Dig Dis Sci. 1994 Dec;39(12 Suppl):107S-109S
references: 7995201
references: Hepatogastroenterology. 2009 Sep-Oct;56(94-95):1436-8
references: 19950806
references: J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun;40(6):578-82
references: 16007391
references: J Med Invest. 2006 Aug;53(3-4):229-37
references: 16953059
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Apr;54(4):816-8
references: 18688714
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Nov;22(11):1806-9
references: 17914954
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 1988 Jun;83(6):640-2
references: 3376919
references: Gastroenterology. 1993 Jun;104(6):1640-7
references: 8500721
references: Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007 Nov;19(11):879-86
references: 17973639
references: Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007 Nov;34(11):1151-5
references: 17880369
references: Digestion. 2006;74(3-4):238
references: 17374956
references: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2001 Dec;110(12):1117-9
references: 11768700