title: Phylogenetic analysis of an off-seasonal influenza virus A (H3N2) in Niigata, Japan, 2010.
abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the off-seasonal influenza virus A subtype H3N2, which caused an outbreak in an elderly hospital in Niigata, Japan. Virus isolates were subtyped by the hemagglutination-inhibition test and screened for antiviral drug sensitivity by real-time PCR using cycling probe technology the and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) method. Whole genome sequencing was performed in order to determine the phylogeny of the outbreak virus. Seven virus isolates were analyzed in this study, and the results showed that all belonged to the influenza virus A (H3N2). These viruses exhibited the S31N mutation in M2, which confers resistance to amantadine. The results of the IC(50) analysis showed that these viruses were sensitive to both oseltamivir and zanamivir. Whole genome analysis revealed that the virus was similar to the A/Perth/16/2009 strain and that it is a triple reassortant virus with a 3+3+2 pattern of segment recombination.
authors: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan. clyde@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors: Clyde
authors: C
authors: Dapat
authors: Yasushi
authors: Y
authors: Suzuki
authors: Miyako
authors: M
authors: Kon
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Tamura
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Saito
authors: Isolde C
authors: IC
authors: Dapat
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Yamazaki
authors: Takato
authors: T
authors: Odagiri
authors: Seiichiro
authors: S
authors: Fujisaki
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Suzuki