title: Enhanced phosphorylation of MAPKs by NE promotes TNF-α production by macrophage through α adrenergic receptor.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether norepinephrine (NE) could regulate macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by influencing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Primary macrophages from male BALB/c mice were applied to explore the mechanism by which NE influences the the secretion of TNF-α when macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We found that NE could increase crophage production of TNF-α when macrophages were activated by LPS, and this effect could be inhibited by α adrenergic antagonist phentolamine. Also, NE could increase the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and p38, through α receptor. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor SP600125, ERK inhibitor U0126, and p38 inhibitor SB203580 could all partially counteract NE's effect on the phosphorylation of MAPKs, as well as TNF-α production by macrophages. This study revealed that as macrophages were activated by LPS, NE promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors by increasing the phosphorylation of MAPKs through an α receptor-dependent pathway. Our results provide the evidence of a relationship between stress and diseases, as well as the mechanism by which stress induces or affects the inflammation-related diseases.
authors: Department of Military Nautical Medicine, Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jun-Long
authors: JL
authors: Huang
authors: You-Lei
authors: YL
authors: Zhang
authors: Cheng-Cai
authors: CC
authors: Wang
authors: Jiang-Rui
authors: JR
authors: Zhou
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Ma
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Xing-Hua
authors: XH
authors: Shen
authors: Chun-Lei
authors: CL
authors: Jiang
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