title: Pain, postdural puncture headache, nausea, and pruritus after cesarean delivery: a survey of prophylaxis and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The need for a cesarean delivery may interfere negatively with the overall experience of childbirth. Several factors related to anesthesiological management such as postoperative pain and discomfort, nausea and pruritus, and postdural puncture headache (PDPH), may lead to dissatisfaction and have a negative impact on early mobilization and a new mother's ability to care for her newborn baby. Optimal prophylaxis and treatment decrease these complications, increase satisfaction, and prevent chronic pain. This survey determined how prophylaxis and treatment of pain, PDPH, nausea, and pruritus after cesarean section (CS) is managed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent to 709 departments of anesthesiology serving an obstetric unit in Germany. The questionnaire asked about different aspects of pain management, the management of accidental dural puncture (ADP), and treatment of PDPH. Further we asked about therapy and prophylaxis of nausea and pruritus in the peripartal setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 360 questionnaires (50.8%) were returned; 346 were complete and analyzed (accounting for 330000 births per year). Paracetamol (77.5%) and piritramide (85.6%) are the most common analgesics used. If epidural catheters were used for anesthesia for CS, 47.7% were used for postoperative pain therapy. However, 92.7% of the departments removed catheters in less than 24 hours after delivery. In case of an ADP most departments (69.9%) repeated puncture, 2.6% placed catheters intrathecally. Median blood volume for an epidural blood patch was 10ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from conservative treatment of PDPH, prophylaxis and treatment of pain after cesarean delivery, PDPH, nausea, and pruritus varied widely, indicating the need for the qualitative evaluation of overall management.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. hanke.marcus@uk-koeln.de
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Marcus
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authors: Fabian
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authors: Dagtekin
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authors: Schier
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authors: Krep
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authors: Böttiger
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authors: Teschendorf
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authors: Spöhr
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authors: Petzke