title: Influence of sex on treatment and outcome in chronic heart failure.
abstract: The population is aging, the prevalence of heart failure increases with age, and on average women live longer than men. There is evidence for sex-specific effects of individual, guideline-recommended drugs used for treatment of chronic heart failure. Women are underrepresented in most clinical trials and only a minority of drug applications to regulatory authorities have included sex analyses. The present review focuses on the potential female survival benefit in heart failure, the influence of sex on medical treatment in a broader sense, and the potential benefit to be derived from guideline recommended treatment and common adjunctive heart failure medication.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Lutz.Frankenstein@med.uniheidelberg.de
authors: Lutz
authors: L
authors: Frankenstein
authors: Andrew L
authors: AL
authors: Clark
authors: Jorge P
authors: JP
authors: Ribeiro