title: [Rheumatism, jet lag and the body clock].
abstract: Circadian rhythms play an important role in the function of the body. Among others, the activity of the immune system is subject to daily variability which explains the different intensity of rheumatic symptoms during the day (e.g. morning stiffness). Circadian rhythms are subject to continuous adaptation via external time signals (zeitgebers), such as light-dark periods, time of food intake, as well as daily activity and resting periods. Following an acute phase shift of these external zeitgebers, e.g. via transmeridian travel (east-west or west-east), the body has to adjust all circadian systems to these new circumstances during an adjustment response, which lasts for several days. The classical symptoms of jet lag, such as tiredness during the day, mood swings and cognitive malfunction occur during this adjustment period. The impact of acute phase shifts as a result of transmeridian travel in subjects with rheumatic disorders, as well as strategies to prevent jet lag will be discussed in the following article.
authors: Labor für experimentelle Rheumatologie und Neuroendokrinoimmunologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Deutschland. georg.pongratz@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Pongratz
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Straub
references: Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):682-5
references: 10784453
references: Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Feb;56(2):399-408
references: 17265475
references: Int J Clin Pract. 2011 Apr;65(4):508-13
references: 21272164
references: Epidemiol Perspect Innov. 2010 Nov 30;7:11
references: 21114866
references: Nature. 2005 Feb 17;433(7027):698-9
references: 15716938
references: Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Feb;48(2):571-2
references: 12571869
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Aug;11(8):589-99
references: 20631712
references: J Immunol. 2010 Nov 15;185(10):5796-805
references: 20944004
references: Sleep Med Rev. 1999 Sep;3(3):229-40
references: 15310477
references: Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Apr;53(2):257-60
references: 10459704
references: Rheumatol Int. 2012 Feb;32(2):379-85
references: 21113809
references: J Biol Rhythms. 2005 Aug;20(4):353-65
references: 16077154
references: J Occup Health. 2005 Mar;47(2):89-95
references: 15824472
references: Curr Biol. 2007 Apr 3;17(7):613-8
references: 17346965
references: Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2004;5:407-41
references: 15485355
references: Lancet. 2009 Jun 13;373(9680):2067-77
references: 19232708
references: Sleep Med Clin. 2009 Jun 1;4(2):241-255
references: 20204161
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Jun;56(6):1103-7
references: 6841552
references: Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;64(4):517-26
references: 17506781
references: J Physiol. 2003 Jun 15;549(Pt 3):945-52
references: 12717008
references: Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2007;72:579-97
references: 18419318
references: Cell Tissue Res. 2002 Jul;309(1):151-62
references: 12111545
references: Toxicology. 2006 May 1;222(1-2):1-7
references: 16564611
references: Ann Rheum Dis. 2005 Feb;64(2):212-6
references: 15647428
references: J Physiol. 2004 Nov 15;561(Pt 1):339-51
references: 15459246
references: Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Oct;21(5):885-906
references: 17870034
references: Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2177-81
references: 10381883
references: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Jul;72(7):638-46
references: 11471907
references: Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jan;31(1):61-3
references: 19855972
references: Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Dec;29(6):815-21
references: 19112419
references: J Neuroimmunol. 1992 Jul;39(1-2):23-30
references: 1619037
references: J Pineal Res. 1995 Apr;18(3):119-26
references: 7562368
references: J Investig Med. 1999 Mar;47(3):141-50
references: 10198570
references: Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):218
references: 19435479
references: Lancet. 2008 Jan 19;371(9608):205-14
references: 18207016
references: Lancet. 2007 Mar 31;369(9567):1117-29
references: 17398311
references: J Rheumatol. 2004 Oct;31(10):1928-33
references: 15468355
references: Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Apr;69(4):779-80
references: 20237124