title: Blood product positive patient identification: comparative simulation-based usability test of two commercial products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The blood product administration process has been subject to various quality improvement initiatives aimed at reducing errors, including blood product labels that are missing, inaccessible, unreadable, or mismatched to orders and/or patients. This article reports the results of a formal simulation-based usability test of two comparable technologies designed to reduce blood product administration errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen nurses and three anesthesia providers evaluated one of the two products during simulated use in realistic scenarios during 90-minute test sessions. Both products required additional learning despite 15 minutes of dedicated vendor-provided pretest training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant effectiveness differences between the two products, but use of both devices was less efficient than manual checking. Usability issues included poor access to subtasks, lack of process feedback, inadequate error messaging, and confusing device interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While clinicians' subjective ratings of both devices were similarly high, both products had significant usability issues likely to lead to clinician frustration and workarounds during actual use. This study suggests that usability testing is a valuable and more effective method than preference surveys of determining the ability of blood administration products to meet clinicians' needs in the complex world of patient care.
authors: Center for Research and Innovation in Systems Safety, Informatics Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA. shilo.anders@vanderbilt.edu
authors: Shilo
authors: S
authors: Anders
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Miller
authors: Peggy
authors: P
authors: Joseph
authors: Tiercy
authors: T
authors: Fortenberry
authors: Marcella
authors: M
authors: Woods
authors: Ray
authors: R
authors: Booker
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Slaughter
authors: Matthew B
authors: MB
authors: Weinger
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: France