title: Long-term and recent progress in blood pressure levels among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes, 1988-2008.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether there were long-term (between 1988-1994 and 2001-2008) and recent (between 2001-2004 and 2005-2008) changes in blood pressure (BP) levels among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we examined changes in BP distributions, mean BPs, and proportion with BP<140/90 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1988-1994 and 2001-2008, for adults with diabetes, mean BPs decreased from 135/72 mmHg to 131/69 mmHg (P<0.01) and the proportion with BP<140/90 mmHg increased from 64 to 69% (P=0.01). Although hypertension prevalence increased, hypertension awareness, treatment, and control improved. However, there was no evidence of improvement for adults 20-44 years old. Between 2001-2004 and 2005-2008, there were no significant changes in BP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BP levels among adults with diabetes improved between 1988-1994 and 2001-2008, but the progress stalled between 2001-2004 and 2005-2008. The lack of improvement among young adults is concerning.
authors: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. zrr4@cdc.gov
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Geiss
authors: Yiling J
authors: YJ
authors: Cheng
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Imperatore
authors: Sharon H
authors: SH
authors: Saydah
authors: Cherie
authors: C
authors: James
authors: Edward W
authors: EW
authors: Gregg
references: JAMA. 2004 Jan 21;291(3):335-42
references: 14734596
references: Diabetes Care. 2003 Jan;26 Suppl 1:S33-50
references: 12502618
references: Diabetes Care. 2008 Jan;31(1):81-6
references: 17934153
references: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008 Dec;10(12):922-9
references: 19120718
references: Lancet. 2010 Jun 26;375(9733):2215-22
references: 20609967
references: Diabetes Care. 1993 Feb;16(2):434-44
references: 8432214
references: Lancet. 1998 Jun 13;351(9118):1755-62
references: 9635947
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Sep 15;160(6):531-9
references: 15353413
references: Diabetologia. 2010 Sep;53(9):1890-3
references: 20517591
references: Hypertension. 2003 Dec;42(6):1206-52
references: 14656957
references: Am J Med. 2009 May;122(5):443-53
references: 19375554
references: BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2005 Jan 07;5(1):1
references: 15638933
references: Hypertension. 2008 Nov;52(5):818-27
references: 18852389
references: J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Sep;24(9):1049-52
references: 19603239
references: BMJ. 1998 Sep 12;317(7160):703-13
references: 9732337