title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the relationship between islet cell proliferation and the production of the enteroviral capsid protein, VP1, in the islets of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The enteroviral capsid protein, VP1, was recently shown to be present in some beta cells in more than 60% of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes but in very few age-matched controls. The rate of proliferation of islet cells was also markedly increased in the type 1 diabetic patients. As it has been suggested that enteroviruses replicate most efficiently in proliferating cells, we have investigated whether VP1 is preferentially present in proliferating beta cells in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence staining was used to record the presence of enteroviral VP1, insulin and Ki67 in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 1,175 islets, 359 (30.5%) contained insulin. VP1-producing endocrine cells were found in 72 islets (6.1% of total), all of which retained insulin. Ki67(+) endocrine cells were present in 52 (4.4%) islets, with 44 (84.6%) of these being insulin-positive. Overall, 28 of 1,175 (2.4%) islets contained both Ki67(+) cells and VP1(+) cells. Dual positivity of these markers accounted for 38.9% of the total VP1(+) islets and 53.8% of the total Ki67(+) islets. No individual islet cells were dual-positive for Ki67 and VP1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ki67(+) cells were frequently observed in islets that also contained VP1(+) cells, suggesting that the factors facilitating viral replication may also drive islet cell proliferation. However, in an individual cell, VP1 production does not require concurrent beta cell proliferation.
authors: Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, John Bull Building, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Willcox
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Richardson
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Bone
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Foulis
authors: N G
authors: NG
authors: Morgan
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