title: The association of visit length and measures of patient-centered communication in HIV care: a mixed methods study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient centered clinical communication may be associated with longer encounters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the General Medical Interaction Analysis System (GMIAS) to code transcripts of routine outpatient visits in HIV care, and create 5 measures of patient-centeredness. We defined visit length as number of utterances. To better understand properties of encounters reflected in these measures, we conducted a qualitative analysis of the 15 longest and 15 shortest visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 5 measures were significantly associated with visit length (p<0.05, rank order correlations 0.21-0.44). In multivariate regressions, association of patient centeredness with visit length was attenuated for 4 measures, and increased for 1; two were no longer statistically significant (p>0.05). Black and Hispanic race were associated with shorter visits compared with White race. Some of the longest visits featured content that could be considered extraneous to appropriate care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient centeredness is weakly related to visit length, but may reflect inefficient use of time in long encounters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts to make visits more patient centered should focus on improving dialogue quality and efficient use of time, not on making visits longer. Shorter visits for Black and Hispanic patients could contribute to health disparities related to race and ethnicity.
authors: Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. Michael_Barton_Laws@brown.edu
authors: Michael Barton
authors: MB
authors: Laws
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Epstein
authors: Yoojin
authors: Y
authors: Lee
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Rogers
authors: Mary Catherine
authors: MC
authors: Beach
authors: Ira B
authors: IB
authors: Wilson
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