title: Application of XANES profiles to X-ray spectromicroscopy for biomedical specimens: Part I. Discrimination of macromolecules with sulfur atoms.
abstract: XANES spectra of biomacromolecules such as histone, hemoglobin or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were measured in transmission at the S-K absorption edge for comparison with those of sulfur containing low-molecular weight biomolecules with special reference to the dependence on the chemical environment of sulfur. The spectra of dry histone and hemoglobin exhibited a prominent peak at the same energy as that of cysteine and glutathione (GSH), while the BSA spectrum showed an additional peak at a lower energy, which coincided with that of cystine and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). XANES peaks were found at the same energy even in a mammalian cell dry pellet. Spectra in the hydrated state exhibited similar profiles except for a very slight shift of resonance peaks to the lower energy. These results indicate that XANES profiles could be applicable to the mapping of S-C and S-S bonds in dry/hydrated biological systems using a spectromicroscopic technique. In addition, mass absorption coefficients of GSH and GSSG were determined.
authors: Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan. aeito@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Ito
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Inoue
authors: Kouji
authors: K
authors: Takehara
authors: Norio
authors: N
authors: Shimizu
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Kitajima
authors: Kunio
authors: K
authors: Shinohara