title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy promotes cell proliferation and collagen synthesis of primary cultured human tenocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) could affect the behavior of primary cultured human tenocytes over a 12-day period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this controlled laboratory study, primary human tenocytes were established from semitendinosus tendons collected from 3 patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Cell viability, overall cell morphology, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis following ESWT have been evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ESWT significantly interferes with the overall cell morphology, by impairing dedifferentiation of the cells. Furthermore, a shock wave-mediated growth-promoting effect was measured by the MTT (tetrazolium) colorimetric assay and by the proliferation marker Ki67. Lastly, a significant increase in collagen (mainly type I) synthesis by ESWT-tenocytes compared with control cells was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shock wave treatment promoted cell growth and collagen synthesis of primary cultured human tenocytes. The clinical benefits of ESWT may be ascribed to an increased efficiency of tendon repair after injury.
authors: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035, Rome, Italy. mariovetrano@gmail.com
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Vetrano
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: d'Alessandro
authors: Maria Rosaria
authors: MR
authors: Torrisi
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Ferretti
authors: Maria Chiara
authors: MC
authors: Vulpiani
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Visco
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