title: Location of gliomas in relation to mobile telephone use: a case-case and case-specular analysis.
abstract: The energy absorbed from the radio-frequency fields of mobile telephones depends strongly on distance from the source. The authors' objective in this study was to evaluate whether gliomas occur preferentially in the areas of the brain having the highest radio-frequency exposure. The authors used 2 approaches: In a case-case analysis, tumor locations were compared with varying exposure levels; in a case-specular analysis, a hypothetical reference location was assigned for each glioma, and the distances from the actual and specular locations to the handset were compared. The study included 888 gliomas from 7 European countries (2000-2004), with tumor midpoints defined on a 3-dimensional grid based on radiologic images. The case-case analyses were carried out using unconditional logistic regression, whereas in the case-specular analysis, conditional logistic regression was used. In the case-case analyses, tumors were located closest to the source of exposure among never-regular and contralateral users, but not statistically significantly. In the case-specular analysis, the mean distances between exposure source and location were similar for cases and speculars. These results do not suggest that gliomas in mobile phone users are preferentially located in the parts of the brain with the highest radio-frequency fields from mobile phones.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland. suvi.larjavaara@uta.fi
authors: Suvi
authors: S
authors: Larjavaara
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Schüz
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Swerdlow
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Feychting
authors: Christoffer
authors: C
authors: Johansen
authors: Susanna
authors: S
authors: Lagorio
authors: Tore
authors: T
authors: Tynes
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Klaeboe
authors: Sven Reidar
authors: SR
authors: Tonjer
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Blettner
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Berg-Beckhoff
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Schlehofer
authors: Minouk
authors: M
authors: Schoemaker
authors: Juliet
authors: J
authors: Britton
authors: Riitta
authors: R
authors: Mäntylä
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Lönn
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Ahlbom
authors: Olof
authors: O
authors: Flodmark
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Lilja
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Martini
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Rastelli
authors: Antonello
authors: A
authors: Vidiri
authors: Veikko
authors: V
authors: Kähärä
authors: Jani
authors: J
authors: Raitanen
authors: Sirpa
authors: S
authors: Heinävaara
authors: Anssi
authors: A
authors: Auvinen