title: Evaluation of the microbicidal activity and cytokines/chemokines profile released by neutrophils from HTLV-1-infected individuals.
abstract: Human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) induces activation and spontaneous proliferation of T cells with production of type-1 pro-inflammatory cytokines. It modifies the immune response to other antigens and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases. However, little is known about innate immunity in HTLV-1 infection. HTLV-1-infected individuals have higher spontaneous neutrophil activation than HTLV-1-seronegative individuals, as shown by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. This study was conducted to evaluate neutrophil function in HTLV-1-infected individuals. Participants in the study included 18 HTLV-1-infected individuals and 14 HTLV-1-seronegative controls. We evaluated the ability of neutrophils (PMNs) to control a parasite infection, to produce peroxynitrite, cytokines and chemokines and to express activation markers in cultures when stimulated with LPS or infected with Leishmania. When compared with the control group, there was no difference in the percentage of PMNs infected with Leishmania or in the number of amastigotes/100 PMNs in HTLV-1-infected individuals. The microbicidal activity of the PMNs and the levels of CXCL8 and CCL4 released by these cells did not show a difference between HTLV-1-infected individuals and the control group. In both the HTLV-1 group and the control group, infection with Leishmania or stimulation of PMNs led to cellular activation. These observations suggest that neutrophils from HTLV-1-infected individuals have preserved their ability to become activated and to produce chemokines and peroxynitrite after stimulation and that the susceptibility to infection by intracellular Leishmania amazonensis in HTLV-1-infected individuals does not depend on impairment of neutrophil function.
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Caroline A
authors: CA
authors: Bezerra
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Thiago M
authors: TM
authors: Cardoso
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Giudice
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Aurélia F
authors: AF
authors: Porto
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Silvane B
authors: SB
authors: Santos
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Edgar M
authors: EM
authors: Carvalho
authors: Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPQ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Olívia
authors: O
authors: Bacellar
references: Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 May;13(5):547-52
references: 16682474
references: Braz J Infect Dis. 1997 Mar;1(1):31-35
references: 11107236
references: BMC Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 02;4:7
references: 15070424
references: J Immunol. 1997 Aug 15;159(4):2018-25
references: 9257869
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2006 Jul;6(7):541-50
references: 16799473
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1990;3(10):1006-9
references: 2398453
references: AIDS. 2002 Jun 14;16(9):1292-3
references: 12045498
references: Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):970-4
references: 18703742
references: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009 Dec;13(12):1519-23
references: 19919770
references: J Infect Dis. 1997 Dec;176(6):1468-75
references: 9395356
references: Braz J Infect Dis. 2005 Dec;9(6):510-4
references: 16410947
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Nov 1;22(3):302-7
references: 10770352
references: Acta Trop. 1991 Jan;48(3):185-93
references: 1671620
references: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Mar;50(3):296-311
references: 8147488
references: Microbes Infect. 2003 Nov;5(14):1317-27
references: 14613775
references: Neurology. 1988 Aug;38(8):1302-7
references: 2899862
references: Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Aug;145(2):296-301
references: 16879249
references: Clin Exp Immunol. 1986 Jul;65(1):105-11
references: 3791696
references: J Exp Med. 1989 May 1;169(5):1733-45
references: 2469767
references: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2000;:303-318
references: 11701548
references: J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1992 May-Jun;2(3):146-53
references: 1342894
references: Blood. 1998 Nov 1;92(9):3007-17
references: 9787133
references: J Emerg Med. 2000 Jan;18(1):109-19
references: 10645850
references: J Immunol. 2009 Dec 15;183(12):8088-98
references: 19923470
references: Blood. 1990 Dec 1;76(11):2381-8
references: 1701670
references: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1999 May-Jun;48(2-3):100-8
references: 10414463
references: Parasite Immunol. 2001 Sep;23(9):503-7
references: 11589779
references: Med Sci Monit. 2000 Nov-Dec;6(6):1136-41
references: 11208469
references: Lancet. 1969 Jan 18;1(7586):157
references: 4178273
references: J Virol. 1990 Nov;64(11):5682-7
references: 1976827
references: J Immunol Methods. 1993 Jun 18;162(2):261-8
references: 8315293