title: Cellular response of the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine treatments.
abstract: Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living amoebae commonly found in water systems. Free-living amoebae might be pathogenic but are also known to bear phagocytosis-resistant bacteria, protecting these bacteria from water treatments. The mode of action of these treatments is poorly understood, particularly on amoebae. It is important to examine the action of these treatments on amoebae in order to improve them. The cellular response to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine was tested on A. castellanii trophozoites. Doses of disinfectants leading to up to a 3-log reduction were compared by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. Chlorine treatment led to size reduction, permeabilization, and retraction of pseudopods. In addition, treatment with chlorine dioxide led to a vacuolization of the cytoplasm. Monochloramine had a dose-dependent effect. At the highest doses monochloramine treatment resulted in almost no changes in cell size and permeability, as shown by flow cytometry, but the cell surface became smooth and dense, as seen by electron microscopy. We show that these disinfectants globally induced size reduction, membrane permeabilization, and morphological modifications but that they have a different mode of action on A. castellanii.
authors: Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie de l'Eau, CNRS UMR 6008, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors: Emerancienne
authors: E
authors: Mogoa
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Bodet
authors: Franck
authors: F
authors: Morel
authors: Marie-Hélène
authors: MH
authors: Rodier
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Legube
authors: Yann
authors: Y
authors: Héchard
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