title: Serum Müllerian inhibiting substance levels are lower in premenopausal women with breast precancer and cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In preclinical studies, müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) has a protective affect against breast cancer. Our objective was to determine whether serum MIS concentrations were associated with cancerous or precancerous lesions. Blood from 30 premenopausal women was collected and serum extracted prior to their undergoing breast biopsy to assess a suspicious lesion found on imaging or physical examination. Based on biopsy results, the serum specimens were grouped as cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ), precancer (atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ), or benign.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum from women with cancer and precancer (p = .0009) had lower MIS levels than serum from women with benign disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide preliminary evidence for MIS being associated with current breast cancer risk, which should be validated in a larger population.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, USA. amccoy@medicine.nodak.edu.
authors: Andrew C
authors: AC
authors: McCoy
authors: Beth
authors: B
authors: Kliethermes
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: Wenyi
authors: W
authors: Qin
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Sticca
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Bouton
authors: Edward R
authors: ER
authors: Sauter
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