title: The distinctive roles of erythroid specific activator GATA-1 and NF-E2 in transcription of the human fetal γ-globin genes.
abstract: GATA-1 and NF-E2 are erythroid specific activators that bind to the β-globin locus. To explore the roles of these activators in transcription of the human fetal stage specific γ-globin genes, we reduced GATA-1 and p45/NF-E2 using shRNA in erythroid K562 cells. GATA-1 or p45/NF-E2 knockdown inhibited the transcription of the γ-globin genes, hypersensitive site (HS) formation in the LCR and chromatin loop formation of the β-globin locus, but histone acetylation across the locus was decreased only in the case of GATA-1 knockdown. In p45/NF-E2 knockdown cells, GATA-1 binding was maintained at the LCR HSs and γ-globin promoter, but NF-E2 binding at the LCR HSs was reduced by GATA-1 knockdown regardless of the amount of p45/NF-E2 in K562 cells. These results indicate that histone acetylation is dependent on GATA-1 binding, but the binding of GATA-1 is not sufficient for the γ-globin transcription, HS formation and chromatin loop formation and NF-E2 is required. This idea is supported by the distinctive binding pattern of CBP and Brg1 in the β-globin locus. Furthermore GATA-1-dependent loop formation between HS5 and 3'HS1 suggests correlation between histone modifications and chromatin looping.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea.
authors: Yea
authors: Y
authors: Woon Kim
authors: Seoyeon
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Chul
authors: C
authors: Geun Kim
authors: AeRi
authors: A
authors: Kim
references: Blood. 2007 Dec 1;110(12):4101-7
references: 17881636
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Feb;23(4):1334-40
references: 12556492
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 3;95(5):2061-6
references: 9482838
references: J Biol Chem. 2010 May 21;285(21):15894-905
references: 20236933
references: Mol Cell. 2002 Dec;10(6):1453-65
references: 12504019
references: J Mol Biol. 2001 Oct 12;313(1):27-34
references: 11601844
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;27(4):1271-9
references: 17158930
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Oct;37(18):6019-27
references: 19696073
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11760-5
references: 12193659
references: Exp Hematol. 2000 Oct;28(10):1113-9
references: 11027829
references: Mol Cell. 2005 Feb 4;17(3):453-62
references: 15694345
references: Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2003 Nov-Dec;31(3):360-9
references: 14636653
references: Mol Cell. 2005 Aug 5;19(3):381-91
references: 16061184
references: J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 1;282(22):16544-52
references: 17428799
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Nov;23(22):8099-109
references: 14585970
references: J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 20;284(12):8073-82
references: 19122196
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jul;18(7):4188-96
references: 9632803
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Aug;15(8):4640-7
references: 7623856
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Aug;36(14):4521-8
references: 18586828
references: Mol Cell. 2001 Aug;8(2):465-71
references: 11545748
references: J Mol Biol. 2009 Nov 27;394(2):197-208
references: 19781549
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 22;102(47):17065-70
references: 16286657
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 27;106(43):18303-8
references: 19822740
references: J Mol Biol. 2007 Jan 5;365(1):31-7
references: 17056066
references: Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):202-6
references: 18187655
references: PLoS Biol. 2008 Dec 2;6(12):2911-27
references: 19053175
references: Mol Cell. 2007 Dec 14;28(5):810-22
references: 18082606
references: Nat Genet. 2003 Oct;35(2):190-4
references: 14517543
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;29(6):1526-37
references: 19114560
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Nov;16(11):6055-64
references: 8887635
references: Genes Dev. 2000 Apr 15;14(8):940-50
references: 10783166
references: Genes Dev. 2004 Jun 15;18(12):1495-509
references: 15198986
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 23;105(51):20398-403
references: 19074263
references: Nature. 1991 Jan 17;349(6306):257-60
references: 1987478
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Aug;25(16):7033-41
references: 16055715
references: J Mol Biol. 2007 Feb 23;366(3):737-44
references: 17196618
references: Genome Res. 2006 Oct;16(10):1299-309
references: 16954542
references: Dev Dyn. 2006 Jul;235(7):1727-37
references: 16607652
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 29;93(22):12355-8
references: 8901585
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(17):5831-8
references: 17720709
references: Genes Dev. 2006 Sep 1;20(17):2349-54
references: 16951251
references: Mol Cell. 2007 Aug 17;27(4):573-84
references: 17707229
references: PLoS One. 2008 Feb 20;3(2):e1661
references: 18286208
references: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(7):1722-33
references: 17641637
references: Mol Cell. 2009 Nov 25;36(4):667-81
references: 19941826