title: Weight gain and incident obesity among male snus users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Snus is a moist smokeless tobacco product which has recently reached beyond its original market of Scandinavia. Snus is now being increasingly used in both the United States and South Africa. The effect of snus use on weight is unknown. This study has therefore investigated the relationship between the use of snus, weight gain (≥5%) and the incidence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants (n = 9,954 males living in Stockholm County, Sweden) were recruited in 2002 and reassessed in 2007. Tobacco use was categorized according to information obtained in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. Outcomes were assessed by comparing self-reported weight and body mass index between the baseline and follow-up surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stable current snus use (according to both surveys), compared to never having used any kind of tobacco, seemed to be associated with both weight gain (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.65) and incident obesity (odds ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-3.30) after adjustment for age, baseline weight, alcohol consumption, physical activity, education, consumption of fruit and berries, and the frequency of having breakfast. No associations with incident obesity or weight gain were seen for stable former users of snus (according to both surveys) or among men who quit or began using snus during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the use of snus is moderately associated with weight gain and incident obesity among men.
authors: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Hansson
authors: Maria Rosaria
authors: MR
authors: Galanti
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Magnusson
authors: Maria-Pia
authors: MP
authors: Hergens
references: Tob Control. 2009 Aug;18(4):250-1
references: 19633141
references: J Intern Med. 2001 Dec;250(6):492-501
references: 11902817
references: Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23(6):431-4
references: 18470624
references: Atherosclerosis. 1997 Jul 11;132(1):95-103
references: 9247364
references: J Am Board Fam Med. 2008 Mar-Apr;21(2):135-40
references: 18343861
references: Scand J Public Health. 2006;34(6):576-83
references: 17132590
references: J Intern Med. 2004 Jan;255(1):102-7
references: 14687245
references: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Jan;272(1):151-5
references: 7815328
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov;82(11):3700-4
references: 9360528
references: J Intern Med. 2000 Aug;248(2):103-10
references: 10947888
references: Diabet Med. 2006 May;23(5):469-80
references: 16681555
references: J Intern Med. 2004 Aug;256(2):101-10
references: 15257722
references: JAMA. 2007 Dec 12;298(22):2654-64
references: 18073361
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):801-9
references: 18400700
references: BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2009 May 27;9:21
references: 19473535
references: Epidemiology. 2005 Jan;16(1):12-6
references: 15613940
references: Diabetes Metab. 2008 Sep;34(4 Pt 1):307-14
references: 18468932
references: BMC Public Health. 2007 Jun 12;7:108
references: 17565692
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Nov;79(5):1310-6
references: 7962322
references: Nicotine Tob Res. 2009 Jun;11(6):765-71
references: 19443785
references: J Intern Med. 1992 Oct;232(4):327-34
references: 1402636
references: Scand J Public Health. 2009 Jul;37(5):487-93
references: 19451197
references: Eur J Clin Invest. 1997 May;27(5):427-33
references: 9179551
references: Atherosclerosis. 1995 Feb;113(1):41-53
references: 7755654
references: Obes Rev. 2004 May;5(2):95-103
references: 15086863
references: Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Mar;30(3):391-9
references: 16302013