title: Hepatocellular carcinoma with extension to the diaphragm, falciform ligament, rectus abdominis and paraumbilical vein.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary tumour of the liver. The most common extrahepatic metastatic sites are the lung, lymph nodes, bones and adrenal glands. All forms of HCC demonstrate a tendency for vascular invasion, producing extensive intrahepatic metastases and, occasionally, portal vein or inferior vena cava extension with spread into the right atrium in extreme cases. Tumour spread of abdominal diseases via hepatic ligaments has also been previously reported. We report a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma with extension into the falciform ligament, overlying rectus sheath and adjacent diaphragm with concomitant infiltration into the recanalised paraumbilical vein.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kaur
authors: Bjj
authors: B
authors: Abdullah
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Rajasingam
references: Postgrad Med J. 2000 Jan;76(891):4-11
references: 10622772
references: Radiology. 2000 Sep;216(3):698-703
references: 10966697
references: Radiology. 1989 Jul;172(1):41-6
references: 2662255
references: Leber Magen Darm. 1994 Jul;24(4):150, 153-4
references: 7934608
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004 Nov;37(11):1689-705
references: 15517086
references: Gastrointest Radiol. 1985;10(2):119-21
references: 2987075
references: Radiology. 1987 Jun;163(3):593-604
references: 3575702