title: Translational research: connecting evidence to clinical practice.
abstract: Translational research can be conceptualized within several blocks or spheres of knowledge transfer and focused on closing the gap between new discoveries and their endpoint application to clinical practice, health decision-making, and health policy. Although support for type 1 translational research (the classical bench-to-bedside paradigm) is common, it is types 2 and 3 that have the ultimate impact on sustaining important changes in clinical practice as health decision-making and policy are changed to support the practice innovation. The Clinical Translational Science Centers (issued by the National Institutes of Health in the USA) provide many successful examples in which nurses are key stakeholders in achieving these translational goals for the improvement of clinical practice.
authors: Program in Nursing Science, Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA. ramulnar@uci.edu
authors: Ruth A
authors: RA
authors: Mulnard