title: [Protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride against acute renal injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and lipopolysaccharides in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) in a rat model of renal injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five healthy Wistar rats were randomized into sham operated group, model group, and 3 penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) dose (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg) groups (PHC1, PHC2, and PHC3 groups, respectively). The arterial blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1 (IL-1), urine creatinine (Cr) and blood urine nitrogen (BUN), and the renal tissues were collected to measure the expressions of ICAM-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and observe the pathological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1, Cr, BUN, ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the 3 PHC groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1, Cr and BUN were significantly lower in PHC1 (P<0.05) than in the PHC2 and PHC3 groups, and ICAM-1 and NF-κB were similar between 3 PHC groups (P>0.05). Compared with the model group, the 3 PHC groups showed lessened pathological changes in the renal tubules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PHC has protective effects against renal injury induced by hemorrhagic-endotoxin shock in rats, and treatment with 1 mg/kg PHC produces the most significant protective effect.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou , China. shuangshuang-he@163.com
authors: Shuang-shuang
authors: SS
authors: He
authors: Chun-shui
authors: CS
authors: Lin
authors: Miao-ning
authors: MN
authors: Gu
authors: Dong-ting
authors: DT
authors: Chen
authors: Shi-lan
authors: SL
authors: Zong
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Chen