title: Inter- and intra-observer agreement of Prechtl's method on the qualitative assessment of general movements in preterm, term and young infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prechtl's method on the qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) has been shown to be a good predictor of neurological outcome. There is substantial evidence that this method has good inter- and intra-observer agreement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to find out whether this high agreement is reproducible in the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability study (inter- and intra-observer agreement).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty video-sequences of children at the age of preterm and writhing movements (31-41 weeks postmenstrual age) and 10 video-sequences of children at the fidgety movements age (49-54 weeks postmenstrual age) were rated by five physiotherapists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intra- and inter-observer agreements were analyzed with percentage agreement and with nominal kappa statistic with bootstrapped bias corrected 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found fair to substantial inter-observer reliability for the six response categories (time-point 1(t1): median kappa 0.44, range 0.27 to 0.59, time-point 2 (t2): median kappa 0.55, range 0.41 to 0.77) and fair to almost perfect for the normal/abnormal ratings (t1: median kappa 0.53, range 0.29 to 0.61, t2: median kappa 0.63, range 0.29 to 0.85). There was statistically significant improvement from t1 to t2 for the six response categories. The intra-observer reliability for the 9-week interval was moderate to almost perfect (median kappa 0.68, range 0.41 to 0.86).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were not able to exactly reproduce the generally very good results. In our clinical setting now videos are evaluated by at least two trained therapists and the results are discussed, if necessary, to reach a consensus.
authors: Physiotherapy Institute, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland. iris.bernhardt@insel.ch
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Bernhardt
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marbacher
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hilfiker
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Radlinger