title: Collective cell guidance by cooperative intercellular forces.
abstract: Cells comprising a tissue migrate as part of a collective. How collective processes are coordinated over large multi-cellular assemblies has remained unclear, however, because mechanical stresses exerted at cell-cell junctions have not been accessible experimentally. We report here maps of these stresses within and between cells comprising a monolayer. Within the cell sheet there arise unanticipated fluctuations of mechanical stress that are severe, emerge spontaneously, and ripple across the monolayer. Within that stress landscape, local cellular migrations follow local orientations of maximal principal stress. Migrations of both endothelial and epithelial monolayers conform to this behaviour, as do breast cancer cell lines before but not after the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Collective migration in these diverse systems is seen to be governed by a simple but unifying physiological principle: neighbouring cells join forces to transmit appreciable normal stress across the cell-cell junction, but migrate along orientations of minimal intercellular shear stress.
authors: Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors: Dhananjay T
authors: DT
authors: Tambe
authors: C Corey
authors: CC
authors: Hardin
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Angelini
authors: Kavitha
authors: K
authors: Rajendran
authors: Chan Young
authors: CY
authors: Park
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Serra-Picamal
authors: Enhua H
authors: EH
authors: Zhou
authors: Muhammad H
authors: MH
authors: Zaman
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Butler
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Weitz
authors: Jeffrey J
authors: JJ
authors: Fredberg
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Trepat
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