title: Rapamycin-induced impaired wound healing is associated with compromised tissue lactate accumulation and extracellular matrix remodeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and wound lactate accumulation are essential elements of tissue repair. The aim of this study was to investigate whether rapamycin-induced impaired healing is associated with compromised wound fluid lactate accumulation and altered ECM remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polyvinyl alcohol sponges were subcutaneously implanted in male C57/BL6 mice. Animals were randomized to daily intraperitoneal treatment with either vehicle or 1.5 mg/kg rapamycin. After 7 or 14 days, sponges were harvested to collect wound fluid for subsequent analyses. Wounds were excised for assessment of tensile strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 7 days, wound hydroxyproline content was significantly decreased due to rapamycin therapy, whereas the observed difference in tensile strength marginally failed to show statistical significance. In addition, rapamycin reduced wound lactate accumulation and enhanced MMP-2 protein expression, and both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. At day 14, wound tensile strength and hydroxyproline content were significantly lower along with an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in rapamycin-treated mice. Similarly, wound fluid lactate concentration and MMP-2 protein expression were found to be persistently decreased and increased, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapamycin affects tissue repair by interfering with fundamental mechanisms involved in healing, namely lactate accumulation and ECM remodeling.
authors: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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authors: Weinreich
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authors: Löb
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authors: Löffler
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authors: Königsrainer
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authors: Zieker
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authors: Königsrainer
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authors: Coerper
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authors: Beckert