title: Brassinosteroids can regulate cellulose biosynthesis by controlling the expression of CESA genes in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The phytohormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), play important roles in regulating cell elongation and cell size, and BR-related mutants in Arabidopsis display significant dwarf phenotypes. Cellulose is a biopolymer which has a major contribution to cell wall formation during cell expansion and elongation. However, whether BRs regulate cellulose synthesis, and if so, what the underlying mechanism of cell elongation induced by BRs is, is unknown. The content of cellulose and the expression levels of the cellulose synthase genes (CESAs) was measured in BR-related mutants and their wild-type counterpart. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) experiments and genetic analysis were used to demonstrate that BRs regulate CESA genes. It was found here that the BR-deficient or BR-perceptional mutants contain less cellulose than the wild type. The expression of CESA genes, especially those related to primary cell wall synthesis, was reduced in det2-1 and bri1-301, and was only inducible by BRs in the BR-deficient mutant det2-1. CHIP experiments show that the BR-activated transcription factor BES1 can associate with upstream elements of most CESA genes particularly those related with the primary cell wall. Furthermore, over-expression of the BR receptor BRI1 in CESA1, 3, and 6 mutants can only partially rescue the dwarf phenotypes. Our findings provide potential insights into the mechanism that BRs regulate cellulose synthesis to accomplish the cell elongation process in plant development.
authors: School of Life Science and Technology, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Liqiong
authors: L
authors: Xie
authors: Cangjing
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Xuelu
authors: X
authors: Wang
references: Dev Cell. 2010 Nov 16;19(5):765-77
references: 21074725
references: Plant Physiol. 2000 Oct;124(2):495-8
references: 11027699
references: Plant Physiol. 2010 Jun;153(2):427-32
references: 20200066
references: Dev Cell. 2005 Jun;8(6):855-65
references: 15935775
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2008 Aug;13(8):421-9
references: 18632303
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Aug;46(8):1384-91
references: 15958497
references: Plant Physiol. 2000 Aug;123(4):1399-414
references: 10938357
references: Plant Cell. 2000 Dec;12(12):2529-2540
references: 11148295
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Feb;128(2):482-90
references: 11842152
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Jun;11(3):301-7
references: 18434239
references: Science. 2005 Mar 11;307(5715):1634-8
references: 15681342
references: Plant Cell Rep. 2008 Sep;27(9):1497-507
references: 18592247
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2009 Aug;14(8):454-61
references: 19616467
references: Cell. 2002 Apr 19;109(2):181-91
references: 12007405
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Jun;135(2):959-68
references: 15181211
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Sep;15(9):1951-61
references: 12953103
references: Anal Biochem. 2003 Apr 1;315(1):143-5
references: 12672425
references: Plant J. 2008 May;54(4):559-68
references: 18476863
references: Cell. 1997 Sep 5;90(5):929-38
references: 9298904
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Jan;19(1):270-80
references: 17237351
references: Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Sep;47(1-2):131-43
references: 11554468
references: Cell. 1996 Apr 19;85(2):171-82
references: 8612270
references: Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1118-22
references: 16857903
references: Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):557-60
references: 18653891
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009 Apr;12(2):157-64
references: 19119056
references: New Phytol. 2008 Jul;179(2):247-249
references: 18638343
references: New Phytol. 2008 Jul;179(2):386-396
references: 19086177
references: Cell. 2005 Jan 28;120(2):249-59
references: 15680330
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 25;104(39):15566-71
references: 17878302
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 25;104(39):15572-7
references: 17878303
references: Science. 1996 Apr 19;272(5260):398-401
references: 8602526
references: Anal Biochem. 1969 Dec;32(3):420-4
references: 5361396
references: Plant J. 2005 Jul;43(1):29-46
references: 15960614
references: Plant J. 2011 Feb;65(4):634-46
references: 21214652
references: Plant Cell. 2008 Oct;20(10):2763-82
references: 18952777
references: Plant Cell. 2005 Nov;17(11):2993-3006
references: 16214898
references: Cell. 2006 Aug 11;126(3):467-75
references: 16901781
references: Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):121-5
references: 16210544
references: Plant J. 2007 Aug;51(3):419-30
references: 17565582
references: Plant Cell. 2005 Mar;17(3):776-90
references: 15705958
references: Nature. 2001 Mar 15;410(6826):380-3
references: 11268216
references: Planta. 2007 May;225(6):1603-11
references: 17333250
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Jan;12(1):37-41
references: 17142084
references: Plant Cell. 2005 Aug;17(8):2243-54
references: 15994910
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 28;98(18):10079-84
references: 11517344
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Feb;19(2):534-48
references: 17329564
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 4;100(3):1450-5
references: 12538856
references: N Biotechnol. 2009 Oct 31;26(3-4):131-6
references: 19631770
references: Plant J. 1999 Mar;17(5):547-56
references: 10205907
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 30;107(13):6100-5
references: 20231470
references: Plant Cell. 2009 Jan;21(1):248-66
references: 19122102
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2002 Dec;43(12):1407-20
references: 12514238