title: Effects of antihypertensive treatments on incidence of diabetes: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this case-control study is the assessment of the relationship between antihypertensive treatment and incidence of diabetes in an unselected cohort of subjects participating in a screening program for diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study nested within a cohort of nondiabetic subjects with a mean follow-up of 27.7 ± 11.3 months was performed, comparing 40 cases of incident diabetes and 160 controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h post-load glycemia, smoking and alcohol abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When considering antihypertensive treatment at enrolment, a lower proportion of cases was exposed to ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACE-i/ARB) in comparison with controls. A non-significant trend toward a higher exposure to diuretics, which were mainly represented by thiazide diuretics, was observed in cases. In a multivariate analysis, including both ACE-i/ARB and diuretics, a protective effect of ACEi/ARB, and an increased risk with diuretics were observed. Similar results were obtained in alternative models, after adjusting for systolic and diastolic blood pressure at enrolment, diagnosis of hypertension, concurrent treatment with β-blockers or calcium-channel blockers, and number of antihypertensive medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diuretics seem to be associated with a higher incidence of diabetes, whereas treatment with ACEi/ARB could have a protective effect.
authors: Section of Geriatric Cardiology and Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florence and Careggi Teaching Hospital, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Monami
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ungar
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Lamanna
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bardini
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Pala
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Dicembrini
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Marchi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vivarelli
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zannoni
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Bartoli
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Marchionni
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Rotella
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Mannucci
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