title: Anti-angiogenic therapy in glioma.
abstract: There has been great interest in developing anti-angiogenic therapies for the treatment of patients with high-grade gliomas. In fact, some anti-angiogenic agents are now routinely used for the treatment of patients with glioblastoma. However, the use of these agents is largely based on trials which indicate an initial radiographic response, while it remains unclear whether any anti-angiogenic therapies tested to date have improved the overall survival of patients with malignant glial tumours. This manuscript reviews the landscape of anti-angiogenic therapy in glioma, with a focus on GBM, and demonstrates that further innovation is needed to determine the true utility of anti-angiogenic therapy.
authors: Department of Neuro-Oncology, Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0350, USA. butowski@neurosurg.ucsf.edu
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Butowski
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Aug;8(8):592-603
references: 18650835
references: Curr Opin Oncol. 2007 Nov;19(6):598-605
references: 17906459
references: Cancer Cell. 2005 Oct;8(4):299-309
references: 16226705
references: Int J Cancer. 1994 Nov 15;59(4):520-9
references: 7525492
references: Anticancer Res. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):1019-24
references: 17465237
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;13(4):1253-9
references: 17317837
references: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 1;27(28):4733-40
references: 19720927
references: J Neurooncol. 2001 Jan;51(1):41-5
references: 11349879
references: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(4):805-10
references: 17446880
references: Pharmacol Ther. 1999 May-Jun;82(2-3):263-7
references: 10454203
references: Oncologist. 2004;9 Suppl 1:36-42
references: 15178814
references: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 20;25(30):4722-9
references: 17947719
references: Neuro Oncol. 2009 Oct;11(5):550-5
references: 19332770
references: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Feb;12(2):181-9
references: 20150385
references: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar 1;28(7):1168-74
references: 20124186
references: Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2009 Apr;13(4):455-68
references: 19335067
references: J Neurooncol. 2001 Aug;54(1):31-8
references: 11763420
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 May 15;15(10):3617-23
references: 19417015
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 26;91(9):4082-5
references: 7513432
references: Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Mar;7(4):453-61
references: 16503817
references: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 May;Suppl:S8-9
references: 15962523
references: Rev Prat. 2006 Nov 30;56(18):1977-83
references: 17274497
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Sep 1;78(1):85-90
references: 20137866
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Mar;29(3):419-24
references: 18272557
references: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2007 Nov;7(11):1537-60
references: 18020923
references: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Feb 10;23(5):1011-27
references: 15585754
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2004 May;24(9):3769-81
references: 15082772
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Oct 1;60(2):353-7
references: 15380566
references: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 20;25(30):4714-21
references: 17947718
references: J Neurooncol. 2007 Mar;82(1):95-101
references: 17031553
references: Invest New Drugs. 1999;17(3):227-40
references: 10665476
references: Neuro Oncol. 1999 Oct;1(4):282-8
references: 11550320
references: Cancer Cell. 2007 Jan;11(1):83-95
references: 17222792
references: J Clin Oncol. 1990 Jul;8(7):1277-80
references: 2358840
references: J Neurooncol. 2009 Apr;92(2):149-55
references: 19043778
references: Oncogene. 2004 Dec 2;23(56):9062-9
references: 15489897
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Nov;6(11):835-45
references: 17036040
references: J Neurooncol. 2007 Feb;81(3):271-7
references: 17031561
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Aug 1;71(5):1372-80
references: 18355978
references: In Vivo. 2006 Nov-Dec;20(6A):719-20
references: 17203753
references: Neuro Oncol. 2007 Jan;9(1):29-38
references: 17108063
references: Gen Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;31(5):721-8
references: 9809468
references: Neurology. 2006 Dec 12;67(11):2089; author reply 2089
references: 17159134
references: Int J Clin Pract. 2001 Nov;55(9):627-31
references: 11770361
references: J Neurooncol. 2011 Jan;101(1):57-66
references: 20443129
references: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Sep 10;25(26):4033-42
references: 17827451
references: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Feb 10;27(5):740-5
references: 19114704
references: Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 15;65(16):7462-9
references: 16103100
references: Ann Neurol. 2007 Feb;61(2):153-61
references: 17212356
references: Cancer J. 2007 Nov-Dec;13(6):345-8
references: 18032969
references: Future Oncol. 2006 Oct;2(5):577-89
references: 17026450
references: Neurology. 2009 Apr 7;72(14):1217-22
references: 19349600
references: N Engl J Med. 1971 Nov 18;285(21):1182-6
references: 4938153
references: J Neurooncol. 2009 Feb;91(3):329-36
references: 18953493
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Jan 1;73(1):222-7
references: 18513880
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 1;13(23):7101-6
references: 18056189
references: J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 12;279(46):47720-5
references: 15364915
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 15;12(24):7271-8
references: 17189398
references: J Neurosurg. 2009 Jan;110(1):173-80
references: 18834263
references: J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jun 15;21(12):2299-304
references: 12805330
references: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jun;12(6):608-13
references: 20156802
references: Neuro Oncol. 2011 Jan;13(1):143-51
references: 21084434
references: Neurology. 2008 Mar 4;70(10):779-87
references: 18316689
references: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 20;27(18):2905-8
references: 19451418
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jul 29;333(2):328-35
references: 15961063
references: J Neurooncol. 2004 Mar-Apr;67(1-2):191-200
references: 15072467
references: J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 10;28(11):1963-72
references: 20231676
references: Adv Enzyme Regul. 1999;39:313-27
references: 10470381
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Sep 1;75(1):156-63
references: 19167838
references: Cancer. 2008 May 15;112(10):2267-73
references: 18327820
references: Trends Mol Med. 2007 Jun;13(6):223-30
references: 17462954
references: Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008 Nov;5(11):634-44
references: 18711427
references: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Jan 1;82(1):51-7
references: 21035955
references: Neuro Oncol. 2010 Jun;12(6):603-7
references: 20156808
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Oct 1;11(19 Pt 1):6772-9
references: 16203763
references: Clin Ther. 2006 Nov;28(11):1779-802
references: 17212999