title: Partner violence and HIV risk among female sex workers in China.
abstract: Global literature suggests that partner violence contributes to HIV-related vulnerability and risk among women. Female sex workers (FSWs) play a significant role in China's skyrocketing increase of heterosexual transmission of HIV. The aim of this article is to examine the association between partner violence and HIV risk among FSWs in China. This study, based on a cross-sectional survey of 1,022 FSWs recruited from communities in China, attempted to address the relationship between partner violence and HIV risk among this vulnerable population. About 58% of the FSWs had experienced violence from their stable partners (including 55.5% reporting emotional violence, 20.1% physical violence, and 16.2% sexual violence) and 45% from their clients (including 39.7% reporting emotional violence, 17.1% physical violence, and 16.8% sexual violence). Partner violence perpetuated by either stable partners or clients was strongly associated with most of the HIV risk measures we assessed. This study confirmed the association of partner violence and HIV risk among FSWs. We call for culturally appropriate interventions for both partner violence and HIV risk reduction among FSWs in China.
authors: Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, USA.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiaoming
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Hong
authors: Yiyun
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Yuejiao
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
references: Ann Intern Med. 1995 Nov 15;123(10):737-46
references: 7574191
references: BMJ. 2009 Aug 11;339:b2939
references: 19671935
references: Women Health. 1997;25(3):19-31
references: 9273981
references: Am J Public Health. 1997 Jun;87(6):1016-8
references: 9224187
references: Am Psychol. 1995 Jun;50(6):437-47
references: 7598292
references: Sex Transm Dis. 2004 Nov;31(11):695-700
references: 15502679
references: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2001 Jan;15(1):41-51
references: 11177587
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Apr 1;50(4):414-8
references: 19214116
references: N Engl J Med. 1990 Mar 15;322(11):713-6
references: 2155389
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;196(3):192-9
references: 20194540
references: Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Feb;35(2):141-6
references: 17921913
references: World Health Popul. 2007 Jan;9(1):46-64
references: 18270499
references: Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Jun;35(6):558-65
references: 18354344
references: Am J Public Health. 1998 Aug;88(8):1267-8
references: 9702171
references: Am J Prev Med. 1997 Sep-Oct;13(5):380-4
references: 9315271
references: Int J Infect Dis. 2009 Mar;13(2):162-9
references: 18718801
references: Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2009 Mar;40(2):263-72
references: 19323011
references: Arch Intern Med. 2002 May 27;162(10):1157-63
references: 12020187
references: World Health Stat Q. 1993;46(1):78-85
references: 8237054
references: Cult Med Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;17(4):399-12
references: 8112084
references: Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Aug;27(8):664-8
references: 17172104
references: J Psychoactive Drugs. 1997 Oct-Dec;29(4):331-6
references: 9460026
references: Sociol Health Illn. 2004 Jul;26(5):557-74
references: 15283777
references: Women Health. 2000;30(4):15-26
references: 10983607
references: Am J Public Health. 2005 Jan;95(1):78-85
references: 15623864
references: Soc Sci Med. 1995 Apr;40(7):931-43
references: 7792632
references: Soc Sci Med. 2000 Feb;50(4):459-78
references: 10641800
references: AIDS Educ Prev. 2000 Apr;12(2):154-70
references: 10833040
references: Women Health. 1998;27(3):37-49
references: 9698636
references: AIDS Behav. 2008 Jul;12(4):623-36
references: 17694431
references: AIDS Care. 2011 Jun;23 Suppl 1:54-65
references: 21660751
references: Health Care Women Int. 2007 Sep;28(8):745-62
references: 17729131
references: Cult Health Sex. 2007 Sep-Oct;9(5):489-503
references: 17687674
references: Health Care Women Int. 1995 Nov-Dec;16(6):563-76
references: 8707690
references: Med Anthropol. 2003 Jul-Sep;22(3):233-59
references: 12893541
references: Aust N Z J Public Health. 2001;25(1):78-83
references: 11297308
references: Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998 Dec;22(7):796-801
references: 9889446