title: Normative values of polysomnographic parameters in childhood and adolescence: quantitative sleep parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide normative values for sleep macroarchitecture of healthy children aged 1-18 years using the AASM sleep scoring criteria, assessing the effects of gender, age, and Tanner pubertal stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-night polysomnography was performed at subjects' habitual bedtimes in 16 laboratories on 209 healthy German children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal values of sleep macrostructure show significant age dependencies (p<0.05). Increasing with age: awakening index, R latency (RL), sleep efficiency (SE) (total sleep time (TST)/sleep period time (SPT)) and SE (TST/time in bed), stage N2, mean sleep cycle duration, number of stage shifts. Decreasing with age: TST, SPT, wake after sleep onset, stage N3, stage R, movement time (MT), number of sleep cycles. The following sleep parameters show a dependency on Tanner stages as well as corresponding age (p<0.05):TST, SPT, awakening index, R latency, stage N2, stage N3, MT, number of sleep cycles, mean sleep cycle duration. No gender dependencies were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The given study, considering AASM rules, shows the development of sleep in normal children ages 1-18. Subject selection criteria and other factors influencing sleep as well AASM guideline modifications including scoring arousals in N2 and scoring MT as a measure of sleep fragmentation are discussed.
authors: Zentrum für Schlaf- und Beatmungsmedizin, Robert-Koch-Krankenhaus Apolda GmbH, Apolda, Germany. sl@rkk-apolda.de
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Scholle
authors: Uta
authors: U
authors: Beyer
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Bernhard
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Eichholz
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Erler
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Graness
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Goldmann-Schnalke
authors: Katharina
authors: K
authors: Heisch
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Kirchhoff
authors: Karsten
authors: K
authors: Klementz
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Koch
authors: Annmarie
authors: A
authors: Kramer
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Schmidtlein
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Schneider
authors: Birgit
authors: B
authors: Walther
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Wiater
authors: Hans Christoph
authors: HC
authors: Scholle