title: Primary prevention lessons learned from those with HIV in Chennai, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As each HIV-infected individual represents a breakdown of HIV primary prevention measures, formative data from representative individuals living with HIV can help shape future primary prevention interventions. Little is known about sexual behaviours and other transmission risk factors of high-risk group members who are already HIV-infected in Chennai, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 27 HIV-infected individuals representing each high-risk group in Chennai (five men who have sex with men (MSM), five female commercial sex workers (CSW), four truckers and other men who travel for business, four injecting drug users (IDU), five married male clients of CSW, and four wives of CSW clients, MSM, truckers, and IDU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Themes relevant to HIV primary prevention included: (1) HIV diagnosis as the entry into HIV education and risk reduction, (2) reluctance to undergo voluntary counselling and testing, (3) gender and sexual roles as determinants of condom use, (4) misconceptions about HIV transmission, and (5) framing and accessibility of HIV education messages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These qualitative data can be used to develop hypotheses about sexual risk taking in HIV-infected individuals in South India, inform primary prevention intervention programs, and improve primary prevention efforts overall.
authors: University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. ehendriksen@partners.org
authors: Ellen Setsuko
authors: ES
authors: Hendriksen
authors: A K Sri
authors: AK
authors: Krishnan
authors: Snigda
authors: S
authors: Vallabhaneni
authors: Sethu
authors: S
authors: Johnson
authors: Sudha
authors: S
authors: Raminani
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kumarasamy
authors: Suniti
authors: S
authors: Solomon
authors: Kenneth K H
authors: KK
authors: Mayer
authors: Steven S
authors: SS
authors: Safren
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 May 1;39(1):9-15
references: 15851908
references: Soc Sci Med. 1993 Dec;37(11):1401-13
references: 8284707
references: AIDS Educ Prev. 2004 Oct;16(5):405-14
references: 15491952
references: Int J STD AIDS. 2000 Apr;11(4):250-3
references: 10772089
references: Indian J Med Res. 2009 Jun;129(6):690-4
references: 19692751
references: AIDS Care. 2009 Apr;21(4):473-81
references: 19283642
references: Soc Sci Med. 2001 Dec;53(11):1413-26
references: 11710417
references: Indian J Med Res. 2009 Jan;129(1):50-8
references: 19287057
references: Int J STD AIDS. 1994 Mar-Apr;5(2):137-8
references: 8031917
references: AIDS Educ Prev. 2007 Aug;19(4):334-45
references: 17685846
references: AIDS Behav. 2003 Dec;7(4):373-82
references: 14707534
references: AIDS Care. 2005 Oct;17(7):795-801
references: 16120496
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Aug;110(2 Pt 1):330-9
references: 17666608
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Mar 1;35(3):314-9
references: 15076248
references: AIDS Behav. 2009 Jun;13(3):409-13
references: 19148744
references: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Sep;37(2):138-50
references: 19150206
references: Cult Health Sex. 2008 May;10(4):313-27
references: 18484376
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1993 Sep;6(9):1030-4
references: 8340893
references: Sex Transm Infect. 2009 Aug;85(4):308-12
references: 19036776
references: N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 10;358(2):107-9
references: 18184956
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004 Apr;72(2):252-68
references: 15065959
references: AIDS. 2008 Jun 19;22(10):1177-94
references: 18525264
references: AIDS Behav. 2006 Sep;10(5):463-71
references: 16374668
references: Sex Transm Infect. 2010 Feb;86 Suppl 1:i76-82
references: 20167737
references: JAMA. 1997 Dec 17;278(23):2090-2
references: 9403424
references: Prev Med. 2008 Mar;46(3):222-5
references: 17964637
references: Lancet Infect Dis. 2006 Aug;6(8):508-21
references: 16870529
references: Am J Public Health. 2002 Mar;92(3):378-81
references: 11867314
references: Health Educ Behav. 2004 Feb;31(1):101-17
references: 14768661