title: [Preventive effects of ischemic postconditioning and penehyclidine hydrochloride on gastric against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning and penehyclidine hydrochloride on gastric injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion of lower limb in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model of limb ischemia reperfusion injury was used to perform this experiment. One hundred and forty four male Wistar rats weighing 220 - 250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: group I Control (C), group II Ischemic Reperfusion (IR), group III Ischemic postconditioning (IPO) and group IV penehyclidine hydrochloride (IPHC); C, IR, IPO and IPHC groups has been followed for 0(T(0)), 1(T(1)), 3(T(3)), 6(T(6)), 12(T(12)), or 24(T(24)) perfusion, all the groups were secondary separated into six subgroups as time point and each subgroup contained six rats, respectively. Blood samples from the inferior vena cava were taken for determination of LDH, CK activities and TNF-α, IL-10 content at every time point of reperfusion;the animals were killed at every time point respectively and the gastric were removed for determination of SOD, MPO, XOD and LDH activities, MDA content, and histological examination and the expression of HIF-1α was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with group C, IR, IPO and IPHC, in serum LDH and CK activities were increased, TNF-α and IL-10 content were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); and in gastric tissue MPO, XOD and LDH activities were increased and MDA content increased, while SOD activity decreased in group IR, IPO and IPHC (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); and gastric tissue resulted in significant injury as evidenced by infiltrated of few neutrophils or eosinophils and rare neutrophils between the gastric mucosa or muscularis mucosa and the glands, interstitial vascular dilation hyperemia and small quantity hemorrhage from deep layers of mucosa or interstitial vascular dilation hyperemia, and the expression of HIF-1α was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with group IR, IPO and IPHC in serum LDH and CK activities, TNF-α content decreased while IL-10 content were increased (P < 0.01); and in gastric tissue MDA content, MPO, XOD and LDH activities were decreased, and SOD activity increased in group IPO and IPHC (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); and the histological injury were milder and the expression of HIF-1α was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with group IPO, IPHC, in serum LDH activities were makable decreased, CK activities were first increased and then declined, TNF-α content makable declined while IL-10 content were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the histological injury were milder and the expression of HIF-1α was makable decreased (P < 0.01) and in gastric tissue SOD activity were makable increased, MPO activities significantly decreased, MDA content increased at T(3), XOD activities increased after T(12), LDH activities increased at T(3) and declined after T(12) in group IPHC (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of ischemia postconditioning and postconditioning with penehyclidine hydrochloride can protect the gastric from ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by ischemia reperfusion of the lower limbs in rats, the main mechanism may be reducing post-ischemic oxidative damage, inflammatory reaction, amelio-rating microcirculatory and cellular energy metabolism et al. Additionally, this study found that the protective effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on gastric injury induced by ischemia reperfusion of the lower limbs, were better than ischemic postconditioning, and the mechanism might be related to its anti-inflammatory effect, antioxidant action and prevention of cell injury et al.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Yu-fang
authors: YF
authors: Leng
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Yu-qing
authors: YQ
authors: Kang
authors: Xing
authors: X
authors: Xue
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhang