title: Dual sensory impairment in older age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hearing and visual impairments are commonly viewed separately in research and service provision, but they often occur together as dual sensory impairment or DSI in older populations. This article examines the frequency and effects of DSI in older age and notes limitations in the evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Search of electronic databases of published papers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSI diminishes communication and well-being and can cause social isolation, depression, reduced independence, mortality, and cognitive impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although intuitively DSI may be expected to have additional impacts over single sensory impairment, research findings are inconclusive. Services and supports required by people with DSI are simply a combination of those required by people with single vision and hearing loss, taking account of the unique communication difficulties posed by DSI.
authors: Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. julie.schneider@sydney.edu.au
authors: Julie M
authors: JM
authors: Schneider
authors: Bamini
authors: B
authors: Gopinath
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: McMahon
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Leeder
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Mitchell
authors: Jie Jin
authors: JJ
authors: Wang