title: Effects of weight loss on serum vitamin D in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low concentrations of circulating vitamin D are common with obesity and may represent a potential mechanism explaining the elevated risk of certain cancers and cardiovascular outcomes observed in individuals who are overweight or obese.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 mo of weight loss through caloric restriction, exercise intervention, or both on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight and obese postmenopausal women (n = 439) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: 1) diet modification (n = 118), 2) exercise (n = 117), 3) diet + exercise (n = 117), or 4) control (n = 87). The diet intervention was a group-based reduced-calorie program with a 10% weight-loss goal. The exercise intervention consisted of 45 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity daily for 5 d/wk. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by using a competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay at baseline and 12 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant change in serum 25(OH)D was found between the intervention and control groups. Women who lost <5%, 5-9.9%, 10-14.9%, or ≥15% of baseline weight had mean increases in 25(OH)D of 2.1, 2.7, 3.3, and 7.7 ng/mL, respectively (P for trend = 0.002). Baseline vitamin D status did not modify the effect of the interventions on weight loss or body-composition changes at the 12-mo follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A greater degree of weight loss, achieved through either a reduced-calorie diet or increased exercise, is associated with increased circulating 25(OH)D concentrations. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00470119.
authors: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors: Caitlin
authors: C
authors: Mason
authors: Liren
authors: L
authors: Xiao
authors: Ikuyo
authors: I
authors: Imayama
authors: Catherine R
authors: CR
authors: Duggan
authors: Carolyn
authors: C
authors: Bain
authors: Karen E
authors: KE
authors: Foster-Schubert
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Kong
authors: Kristin L
authors: KL
authors: Campbell
authors: Ching-Yun
authors: CY
authors: Wang
authors: Marian L
authors: ML
authors: Neuhouser
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: W Jeffery
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Robien
authors: Catherine M
authors: CM
authors: Alfano
authors: George L
authors: GL
authors: Blackburn
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: McTiernan
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