title: Ultrasound-guided laser ablation of incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a potential therapeutic approach in patients at surgical risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), a frequent clinical problem, is usually associated with a favorable outcome. During long-term follow-up, only a minority of cases show aggressive behavior with either lymph node or distant metastases. Recently, we had an opportunity to evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical, ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous laser ablation (PLA) for local treatment of PTMC in an otherwise inoperable patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neck US examination revealed an incidental, solitary, 8 × 7 × 7 mm hypoechoic nodule with microcalcifications of the right thyroid lobe. The patient suffered from decompensated liver cirrhosis, renal failure, and recent surgery followed by external beam radiation therapy for breast cancer. Cytologic diagnosis showed papillary thyroid carcinoma, but the patient declined surgery because of high risk of thyroid surgery. After local anesthesia with 2% xylocaine, PLA was performed according to the previously reported procedure with an Nd:YAG laser.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure was well tolerated, without side effects, and the patient required no analgesics. US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy and core-needle biopsy were performed at 1 and 12 months after PLA, which demonstrated necrotic material and inflammatory cells with no viable neoplastic cell. At the 24 months US follow-up examination, the area of necrosis further decreased, demonstrating a 4 × 4 mm hypoechoic zone and a small hyperechoic area due to fibrotic changes. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the absence of malignant cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser-induced thermal ablation was a safe and effective ablative treatment for a patient with PTMC confined to the thyroid gland who was at high surgical risk. This approach should be considered only in elderly patients and/or in those with comorbidities that might expose the patients to an undue high surgical risk and only after the evaluation by neck US, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography/computed tomography rules out lymph-node involvement or metastatic disease.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano, Rome, Italy.
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Papini
authors: Rinaldo
authors: R
authors: Guglielmi
authors: Hossein
authors: H
authors: Gharib
authors: Gharib
authors: G
authors: Hosseim
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Misischi
authors: Filomena
authors: F
authors: Graziano
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Chianelli
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Crescenzi
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Bianchini
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Valle
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Bizzarri
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