title: Current and novel renal biomarkers in heart failure.
abstract: Renal function is the most important predictor of clinical outcome in heart failure (HF). It is therefore essential to have accurate and reliable measurement of renal function and early specific markers of renal impairment in patients with HF. Several renal functional entities exist, including glomerular filtration (GFR), glomerular permeability, tubulointerstitial damage, and endocrine function. Different markers have been studied that can be used to determine changes and the effect of treatment in these entities. In the present review, we summarize current and novel markers that give an assessment of renal function and prognosis in the setting of acute and chronic HF.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. k.damman@thorax.umcg.nl
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Damman
authors: Adriaan A
authors: AA
authors: Voors
authors: Gerjan
authors: G
authors: Navis
authors: Dirk J
authors: DJ
authors: van Veldhuisen
authors: Hans L
authors: HL
authors: Hillege
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