title: An experimental study of betadine irrigation for preventing infection during the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect and feasibility of using betadine irrigation of the gastrointestinal tract for preventing infection during the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve sows were used in this study. Four sows in the control group were lavaged with 500 mL saline. The eight sows in the experimental group were first lavaged with 500 mL saline and then irrigated with 200 mL betadine. A total of 5 mL of gastrointestinal (GI) tract fluid was collected before and after lavage, respectively, and 5 mL of peritoneal fluid was collected at the end of the NOTES procedure. A follow-up endoscopic examination of the GI tract was performed 24 h after NOTES. The animals were killed and necropsied after 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrigation with betadine of the GI tract significantly reduced the bacterial load of GI fluid. One sow died of diaphragmatic injury. No inflammation, ulcer or bleeding were observed in the experimental group by endoscopy after 24 h. More adhesions and abscesses were found in the control group than in the experimental group after 3 weeks. Only one case of adhesion was observed in the experimental group using the transcolonic approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betadine irrigation of the GI tract is effective and feasible for preventing infection during the NOTES procedure. Further studies are needed for assessing the effectiveness and safety of betadine irrigation in the clinical application of NOTES.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yong Zhi
authors: YZ
authors: Zheng
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Jun Jun
authors: JJ
authors: Gu
authors: Miao Miao
authors: MM
authors: Zhou
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Yu Kong
authors: Shang
authors: S
authors: Xin Deng
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Ju Su
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Yin
authors: Yan Fang
authors: YF
authors: Gong
authors: Ren Pei
authors: RP
authors: Wu
authors: Zhao Shen
authors: ZS
authors: Li