title: Quality of image of grating target placed in vitreous of isolated pig eyes photographed through different implanted multifocal intraocular lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the quality of the image of a grating target placed in the vitreous of isolated pig eyes and photographed through implanted refractive and diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Refractive multifocal (NXG1, PY60MV), diffractive multifocal (ZM900, SA60D3) and monofocal (SA60AT, ZA9003) IOL were implanted in the capsular bag of isolated pig eyes. A grating target was placed in the vitreous and photographed through a flat or a wide-field viewing contact lens. The contrast of the grating targets of different spatial frequencies was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the flat corneal contact lens, the gratings appeared clear and not distorted when viewed through the optics of the NXG1 and PY60MV for far vision but were distorted with reduced contrast when viewed through the optical zone for near vision. The images through the diffractive zone of the ZM900 and SA60D3 were more defocused than with the monofocal IOL (p < 0.005). Ghost images oriented centrifugally of the original image were seen with the ZM900 resulting in lower contrast at higher spatial frequencies than with the SA60D3 with less defocused images only in the central area. With the wide-field viewing contact lens, the images were less defocused and the contrast was comparable to both refractive and diffractive multifocal IOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both refractive and diffractive multifocal IOL reduced the contrast of the retinal image when viewed through a flat corneal contact lens but less defocused when viewed through a wide-field viewing contact lens.
authors: Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. inoue@eye-center.org
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Inoue
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Noda
authors: Kazuhiko
authors: K
authors: Ohnuma
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Bissen-Miyajima
authors: Akito
authors: A
authors: Hirakata