title: Music recognition in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare music recognition in patients with frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, Alzheimer disease, and controls and to evaluate the relationship between music recognition and brain volume.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recognition of familiar music depends on several levels of processing. There are few studies about how patients with dementia recognize familiar music.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were administered tasks that assess pitch and melody discrimination, detection of pitch errors in familiar melodies, and naming of familiar melodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no group differences on pitch and melody discrimination tasks. However, patients with semantic dementia had considerable difficulty naming familiar melodies and also scored the lowest when asked to identify pitch errors in the same melodies. Naming familiar melodies, but not other music tasks, was strongly related to measures of semantic memory. Voxel-based morphometry analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging showed that difficulty in naming songs was associated with the bilateral temporal lobes and inferior frontal gyrus, whereas difficulty in identifying pitch errors in familiar melodies correlated with primarily the right temporal lobe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support a view that the anterior temporal lobes play a role in familiar melody recognition, and that musical functions are affected differentially across forms of dementia.
authors: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Health and Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118-0646, USA. Julene.Johnson@ ucsf.edu
authors: Julene K
authors: JK
authors: Johnson
authors: Chiung-Chih
authors: CC
authors: Chang
authors: Simona M
authors: SM
authors: Brambati
authors: Raffaella
authors: R
authors: Migliaccio
authors: Maria Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Gorno-Tempini
authors: Bruce L
authors: BL
authors: Miller
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Janata
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