title: TCR down-regulation boosts T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and protection against poxvirus infections.
abstract: Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells play a key role in the defense against virus infections. Tc cells recognize infected cells via the T-cell receptor (TCR) and subsequently kill the target cells by one or more cytotoxic mechanisms. Induction of the cytotoxic mechanisms is finely tuned by the activation signals from the TCR. To determine whether TCR down-regulation affects the cytotoxicity of Tc cells, we studied TCR down-regulation-deficient CD3γLLAA mice. We found that Tc cells from CD3γLLAA mice have reduced cytotoxicity due to a specific deficiency in exocytosis of lytic granules. To determine whether this defect was reflected in an increased susceptibility to virus infections, we studied the course of ectromelia virus (ECTV) infection. We found that the susceptibility to ECTV infection was significantly increased in CD3γLLAA mice with a mortality rate almost as high as in granzyme B knock-out mice. Finally, we found that TCR signaling in CD3γLLAA Tc cells caused highly increased tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase, and that the impaired exocytosis of lytic granules could be rescued by the knockdown of c-Cbl. Thus, our work demonstrates that TCR down-regulation critically increases Tc cell cytotoxicity and protection against poxvirus infection.
authors: Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Ann K
authors: AK
authors: Hansen
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Regner
authors: Charlotte M
authors: CM
authors: Bonefeld
authors: Lasse
authors: L
authors: Boding
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Kongsbak
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Ødum
authors: Arno
authors: A
authors: Müllbacher
authors: Carsten
authors: C
authors: Geisler
authors: Marina R
authors: MR
authors: von Essen