title: Gd(3+)-DTPA-DG: novel nanosized dual anticancer and molecular imaging agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Difficulties in the use, preparation, and cost of radioactively-labeled glycosylated compounds led to this research and development study of a new gadolinium-labeled glucose compound that does not have a radioactive half-life or difficulties in its synthesis and utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the structure of the 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose molecule ((18)FDG), a new compound consisting of D-glucose (1.1 nm) conjugated to a well-known chelator, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA), was synthesized, labeled with Gd(3+), and examined in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This novel compound not only demonstrated excellent and less costly imaging capability, but also showed anticancer effects on treated cells. Our results demonstrated that the new Gd(3+)-DTPA-DG compound (GDD, with GDD conjugate aggregation of about 8 nm at 0.02 mg/mL concentration) significantly decreased HT1080 and HT29 tumor cell numbers. Application of GDD to cancer cells also increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, but did not alter blood glucose levels. Interestingly, no toxicological findings were seen in normal human kidney cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual application of GDD for both imaging and treatment of tumor cells could be remarkably advantageous in both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
authors: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Massoud
authors: M
authors: Amanlou
authors: Seyed Davar
authors: SD
authors: Siadat
authors: Seyed Esmaeil Sadat
authors: SE
authors: Ebrahimi
authors: Abass
authors: A
authors: Alavi
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Aghasadeghi
authors: Mehdi Shafiee
authors: MS
authors: Ardestani
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Shanehsaz
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Ghorbani
authors: Bita
authors: B
authors: Mehravi
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Shafiee Alavidjeh
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Jabbari-Arabzadeh
authors: Mehdi
authors: M
authors: Abbasi
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