title: A portable, integrated analyzer for microfluidic - based molecular analysis.
abstract: A portable, fully automated analyzer that provides actuation and flow control to a disposable, self-contained, microfluidic cassette ("chip") for point-of-care, molecular testing is described. The analyzer provides mechanical actuation to compress pouches that pump liquids in the cassette, to open and close diaphragm valves for flow control, and to induce vibrations that enhance stirring. The analyzer also provides thermal actuation for the temperature cycling needed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nucleic acids and for various drying processes. To improve the temperature uniformity of the PCR chamber, the system utilizes a double-sided heating/cooling scheme with a custom feedforward, variable, structural proportional-integral-derivative (FVSPID) controller. The analyzer includes a programmable central processing unit that directs the sequence and timing of the various operations and that is interfaced with a computer. The disposable cassette receives a sample, and it carries out cell lysis, nucleic acid isolation, concentration, and purification, thermal cycling, and either real time or lateral flow (LF) based detection. The system's operation was demonstrated by processing saliva samples spiked with B. cereus cells. The amplicons were detected with a lateral flow assay using upconverting phosphor reporter particles. This system is particularly suited for use in regions lacking centralized laboratory facilities and skilled personnel.
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6315, USA.
authors: Xianbo
authors: X
authors: Qiu
authors: Dafeng
authors: D
authors: Chen
authors: Changchun
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Mauk
authors: Terry
authors: T
authors: Kientz
authors: Haim H
authors: HH
authors: Bau
references: Lab Chip. 2010 Nov 21;10(22):3170-7
references: 20927453
references: Am J Emerg Med. 2011 Mar;29(3):304-8
references: 20825823
references: Biomed Microdevices. 2010 Aug;12(4):705-19
references: 20401537
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Mar;1098:429-36
references: 17435147
references: Biomed Microdevices. 2009 Dec;11(6):1175-86
references: 19597994
references: Clin Lab Med. 2009 Sep;29(3):479-89
references: 19840681
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Mar;28(3):495-503
references: 1691208
references: Anal Chem. 2006 Feb 1;78(3):956-8
references: 16448074
references: Anal Chem. 2004 Apr 1;76(7):1824-31
references: 15053639
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 19;103(51):19272-7
references: 17159153
references: Sens Actuators B Chem. 2011 Dec 15;160(1):1529-1535
references: 22125359
references: Lab Chip. 2006 Jan;6(1):46-53
references: 16372068
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2001 Mar;19(3):273-6
references: 11231563
references: Lab Chip. 2009 Feb 21;9(4):606-12
references: 19190797
references: Anal Chem. 2004 Jun 1;76(11):3162-70
references: 15167797
references: Biotechnol Adv. 2006 May-Jun;24(3):243-84
references: 16326063
references: Anal Chem. 2005 Jun 15;77(12):3887-93
references: 15952761