title: Non-Dipper Pattern is a Determinant of the Inappropriateness of Left Ventricular Mass in Essential Hypertensive Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inappropriately high left ventricular mass (iLVM) is known to be related to cardiovascular prognosis. A non-dipper pattern has a greater mean left ventricular (LV) mass than the dipper pattern in hypertensive patients. However, the appropriateness of LV mass in dipper or non-dipper patterns has not been adequately investigated. The aim of this study was to define the relationship between nocturnal dipping and the appropriateness of LV mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) database, the data of 361 patients who underwent ABPM and echocardiography was analyzed retrospectively. Appropriateness of LV mass was calculated as observed/predicted ratio of LV mass (OPR) using a Korean-specified equation. Nocturnal dipping was expressed as percent fall in systolic blood pressure (BP) during the night compared to the day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daytime, nighttime and 24 hours BP in hypertensive patients was 140.4±14.8 mmHg, 143.7±15.2 mmHg and 129.4±20.0 mmHg, respectively. OPR was 106.3±19.9% and nocturnal dipping was 10.2±10.9 mmHg. In a multiple linear regression model, 24 hours systolic BP (β=0.097, p=0.043) and nocturnal dipping (β=-0.098, p=0.046) were independent determinants of OPR as well as age (β=0.130, p=0.025) and body mass index (BMI) (β=0.363, p<0.001). Odds ratio of the non-dipper pattern was 2.134 for iLVM (p=0.021) and 3.694 for obesity (p<0.001; BMI >25 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The non-dipper pattern is independently associated with iLVM in hypertensive patients as well as obesity.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Bae Keun
authors: BK
authors: Kim
authors: Young-Hyo
authors: YH
authors: Lim
authors: Hyung Tak
authors: HT
authors: Lee
authors: Jae Ung
authors: JU
authors: Lee
authors: Kyung Soo
authors: KS
authors: Kim
authors: Soon Gil
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Jeong Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Heon Kil
authors: HK
authors: Lim
authors: Jinho
authors: J
authors: Shin
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