title: Does computer use affect the incidence of distal arm pain? A one-year prospective study using objective measures of computer use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study how objectively recorded mouse and keyboard activity affects distal arm pain among computer workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer activities were recorded among 2,146 computer workers. For 52 weeks mouse and keyboard time, sustained activity, speed and micropauses were recorded with a software program installed on the participants' computers. Participants reported weekly pain scores via the software program for elbow, forearm and wrist/hand as well as in a questionnaire at baseline and 1-year follow up. Associations between pain development and computer work were examined for three pain outcomes: acute, prolonged and chronic pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mouse time, even at low levels, was associated with acute pain in a similar way for all the examined regions. There were no exposure-response threshold patterns. Keyboard time had no effect. Mouse and keyboard sustained activity, speed and micropauses were not risk factors for acute pain, nor did they modify the effects of mouse or keyboard time. Computer usage parameters were not associated with prolonged or chronic pain. A major limitation of the study was low keyboard times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer work was not related to the development of prolonged or chronic pain. Mouse time was associated with acute distal arm pain, but the impact was quite small.
authors: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke, 2450, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. smik0019@bbh.regionh.dk
authors: Sigurd
authors: S
authors: Mikkelsen
authors: Christina Funch
authors: CF
authors: Lassen
authors: Imogen
authors: I
authors: Vilstrup
authors: Ann Isabel
authors: AI
authors: Kryger
authors: Lars Peter Andreas
authors: LP
authors: Brandt
authors: Jane Frølund
authors: JF
authors: Thomsen
authors: Mette
authors: M
authors: Gerster
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Grimstrup
authors: Johan Hviid
authors: JH
authors: Andersen
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