title: Increased risk of hypertension after gestational diabetes mellitus: findings from a large prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of hypertension after the index pregnancy is not well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the association between GDM and subsequent risk of hypertension after the index pregnancy among 25,305 women who reported at least one singleton pregnancy between 1991 and 2007 in the Nurses' Health Study II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 16 years of follow-up, GDM developed in 1,414 women (5.6%) and hypertension developed in 3,138. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed women with a history of GDM had a 26% increased risk of developing hypertension compared with those without a history of GDM (hazard ratio 1.26 [95% CI 1.11-1.43]; P=0.0004). These results were independent of pregnancy hypertension or subsequent type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that women with GDM are at a significant increased risk of developing hypertension after the index pregnancy.
authors: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. dbanel@hsph.harvard.edu
authors: Deirdre K
authors: DK
authors: Tobias
authors: Frank B
authors: FB
authors: Hu
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Forman
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Chavarro
authors: Cuilin
authors: C
authors: Zhang
references: Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006 Nov;3(11):596-603
references: 17063164
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):989-93
references: 11238474
references: Diabetes Care. 2007 Jul;30 Suppl 2:S251-60
references: 17596481
references: Lancet. 2009 May 23;373(9677):1773-9
references: 19465232
references: Biol Neonate. 1986;50(6):297-317
references: 3542067
references: Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 Nov;39(4):478-83
references: 10687769
references: Diabetes Care. 1996 Dec;19(12):1351-6
references: 8941463
references: Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2009 Apr;14(2):77-84
references: 18926784
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;95(2):670-7
references: 19926711
references: JAMA. 1997 Oct 1;278(13):1078-83
references: 9315766
references: Diabetes Care. 2008 Aug;31(8):1668-9
references: 18487472