title: Chemopreventive effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and folic acid on the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastrointestinal cancer in rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the chemopreventive effect and mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and folic acid on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastrointestinal cancer in rats, and to investigate and compare the combinatorial effects of EGCG and folic acid on the chemoprevention of gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 159 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups to have the MNNG in drink (group M), MNNG in drink and EGCG in the feed (group ME), MNNG in drink and folic acid in the feed (group MF), MNNG in drink and EGCG+folic acid in the feed (group MEF), EGCG in the feed (group E), folic acid in the feed (group F) or normal feed (group C), respectively. At 44 weeks, all the rats were killed and assessed for the presence of gastrointestinal tumor. The occurrence of cancer was evaluated by histology. Ki-67 in cancerous tissues and in situ apoptosis were determined by immunohistochemical staining or terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experiment was completed in 157 rats (98.74%). As compared with group M, the tumor incidence of group MEF decreased significantly (P=0.011). Ki-67 expression in cancerous tissues of group ME and MEF also decreased significantly (P=0.038, P=0.009), while apoptosis of group ME, MF and MEF increased significantly (P=0.000, P=0.003, P=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGCG combined with folic acid has an obvious chemopreventive effect on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis induced by MNNG in rats.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Xu
authors: Chuan Hua
authors: CH
authors: Yang
authors: Qiang
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Xi Feng
authors: XF
authors: Jin
authors: Xi Tao
authors: XT
authors: Xu
authors: Jin Lu
authors: JL
authors: Tong
authors: Shu Dong
authors: SD
authors: Xiao
authors: Zhi Hua
authors: ZH
authors: Ran