title: High origin of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament: MR arthrography with anatomic and histologic correlation in cadavers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament has been described to arise from the anteroinferior labrum, but we have observed that in some persons its origin is from the anterior or anterosuperior labrum, creating diagnostic difficulties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten fresh unembalmed cadaveric shoulders underwent magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) using a posterior approach with a 1.5 T GE magnet, with the following sequences: T1-weighted fast spin-echo in axial, coronal and sagittal planes, and T1 fat-suppressed spin-echo in the axial plane (TR/TE 600/20, section thickness 2.5 mm, 0.5 mm interslice space, number of signals acquired, two, field of view 12 × 12 cm, and matrix 512 × 256 pixels). Following imaging, the shoulders were frozen and later sectioned using a band saw into 3-mm sections corresponding to the axial imaging plane. Histological analysis was also performed to determine the origin of the anterior band.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the ten shoulders had an origin of the anterior band above or at the 3 o'clock position: one at the 1 o'clock position, two at the 2 o'clock position, and one at the 3 o'clock position. In another shoulder, the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament originated from the middle glenohumeral ligament, and in five other shoulders, the anterior band originated from the anteroinferior labrum as has been described in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding is of clinical significance as a high origin of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament leads to MR arthrographic finding that can simulate those of labral tears or detachments.
authors: Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Division, University of California and VA Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA. fcoarr@gmail.com
authors: Francisco Alejandro
authors: FA
authors: Ramirez Ruiz
authors: Beatriz Cristina
authors: BC
authors: Baranski Kaniak
authors: Parviz
authors: P
authors: Haghighi
authors: Debra
authors: D
authors: Trudell
authors: Donald L
authors: DL
authors: Resnick
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