title: Exercise training reduces serum capacity to induce endothelial cell death in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical training improves endothelial function and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure (HF). Serum from patients with cardiovascular diseases increases apoptosis of human endothelial cells suggesting the importance of humoral factors in the progression of the disease. We evaluated whether exercise training influences the apoptotic capacity of serum from patients with chronic HF (CHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 39 patients with HF (NYHA II) and 10 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were allocated to either a structured programme of exercise training (24 patients) or standard care (15 patients). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with a medium containing 20% serum obtained before and after either a 3-week exercise training programme or standard care. At baseline, serum from patients with CHF induced a higher degree of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis in HUVECs compared with healthy controls (43 ± 1.5 vs. 16 ± 1.1%, P< 0.001 and 67 ± 5.4 vs. 23 ± 5.8%, P< 0.001, respectively). Exercise training significantly increased performance in the 6 min walking test (+34.7%) and reduced the ability of serum to induce LDH release and apoptosis of HUVECs. The reduction of apoptosis after exercise training correlated with the improvement in functional capacity. The expression of the apoptosis markers Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly reduced in HUVECs exposed to serum collected after exercise training. Circulating tumour necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels were significantly reduced by exercise training and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short term in-hospital structured cardiovascular training programme reduces the ability of serum-derived factors to induce endothelial cell death in patients with CHF.
authors: Department of Medical Sciences, Centre of Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy. caterina.mammi@sanraffaele.it
authors: Caterina
authors: C
authors: Mammi
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: la Sala
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Volterrani
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Gatta
authors: Antonella
authors: A
authors: Antelmi
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Feraco
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Caminiti
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Marazzi
authors: Cristiana
authors: C
authors: Vitale
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Caprio
authors: Giuseppe Massimo Claudio
authors: GM
authors: Rosano