title: Head-and-neck paragangliomas are associated with sleep-related complaints, especially in the presence of carotid body tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The carotid body functions as a chemoreceptor. We hypothesized that head-and-neck paragangliomas (HNP) may disturb the function of these peripheral chemoreceptors and play a role in sleep-disordered breathing.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed fatigue, sleep, and exercise capacity in 74 HNP patients using three questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, and a standard clinical sleep assessment questionnaire). Outcomes were compared to those of age- and sex-matched controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activity, disturbance of psychosocial function, and total score were worse compared to controls (15.4 ± 18.5 vs. 7.2 ± 9.9, P = 0.007; 5.3 ± 10.5 vs. 1.2 ± 2.6, P = 0.008; and 10.4 ± 12.9 vs. 5.0 ± 4.8, P = 0.006, respectively). Patients reported more daytime fatigue, concentration difficulties, and depression (51% vs. 24%, P = 0.006; 31% vs. 10%, P = 0.010; and 19% vs. 2%, P = 0.012). Waking up was reported to be less refreshing in HNP patients (53% vs. 73%, P = 0.038). Dysphonia was a predictor of symptoms, activity, disturbance of psychosocial function, and total scores. Remarkably, the presence of a carotid body tumor was an independent predictor of increased daytime sleepiness (β = 0.287, P = 0.029). In conclusion, patients with HNP have remarkable sleep-related complaints. Especially the presence of carotid body tumors appears to be associated with increased daytime somnolence.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. bas.havekes@mumc.nl
authors: Bas
authors: B
authors: Havekes
authors: Florine
authors: F
authors: Kastelein
authors: Agatha A
authors: AA
authors: van der Klaauw
authors: Nicolette
authors: N
authors: van Duinen
authors: Jeroen C
authors: JC
authors: Jansen
authors: Jan W A
authors: JW
authors: Smit
authors: Klaas W
authors: KW
authors: van Kralingen
authors: Annette H J T
authors: AH
authors: Vriends
authors: Johannes A
authors: JA
authors: Romijn
authors: Eleonora P M
authors: EP
authors: Corssmit
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