title: Depression and coping as predictors of change after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined changes in motor function and quality of life (QoL) after subthalamic nuclei deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and the role of psychosocial predictors on individual changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients with advanced PD (29 men and 12 women; mean age: 62.0 ± 8.0; disease duration: 14.5 ± 5.7) completed self-report questionnaires before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Psychosocial measures assessed coping strategies (Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised), symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory version II), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and QoL (Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 Items, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery, motor function (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III and IV), global QoL (Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 Items) and Physical Component Summary of the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-items Health Survey improved, whereas the Mental Component Summary tended to deteriorate. Depression and anxiety were stable. Improvements in motor function and QoL were associated with younger age, shorter duration of illness, higher baseline distress (depression and anxiety), and changes in problem-focused coping. Improvements in mental QoL were associated with a less frequent use of coping focused on seeking social support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  STN-DBS is associated with major positive changes in PD affecting motor function and QoL. These changes are related to psychological variables, including emotional distress and coping. A better focus on these individual characteristics is necessary to improve care of patients with PD who undertake STN-DBS.
authors: Institut de Psychologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. thierry.soulas@gcl.aphp.fr
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Soulas
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Sultan
authors: Jean-Marc
authors: JM
authors: Gurruchaga
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Palfi
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Fénelon