title: Urinary concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites and serum reproductive hormones: pooled analysis of fertile and infertile men.
abstract: Urinary concentrations of metabolites of the anti-androgenic xenobiotic  di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were previously shown to be weakly  associated with serum levels of several hormones in 2 disparate US  populations: partners of pregnant women participating in the Study for Future  Families and partners in infertile couples from Massachusetts General Hospital  infertility clinic. The observed associations between phthalate metabolites  and reproductive hormones were robust and insensitive to the characteristics  of the subpopulation or the laboratory in which the hormones were measured,  despite the fact that these 2 populations span a range of fertility, urinary  phthalate metabolites, and reproductive hormone levels. We therefore examined  associations between urinary metabolites of DEHP and reproductive  hormones-follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone  (T), inhibin B, and estradiol (E(2))-and sex  hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the pooled population. The magnitude  of the associations seen were similar to those reported for each population  separately, but effect estimates were more precise because of the increased  sample size and the greater range of phthalate metabolite concentrations and  hormone levels. Urinary concentrations of 3 metabolites of DEHP  [mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate  (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)] were inversely  associated with the free androgen index (FAI = T/SHBG) and calculated free  testosterone. Urinary concentrations of MEHHP and MEOHP were positively  associated with SHBG, and MEHP was inversely associated with E(2). No  other phthalate metabolites were associated with serum hormones, consistent  with results in each population. Our results in this diverse population  suggest that DEHP exposure is robustly associated with some male sex steroid  hormones.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors: Jaime
authors: J
authors: Mendiola
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Meeker
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Jørgensen
authors: Anna-Maria
authors: AM
authors: Andersson
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Liu
authors: Antonia M
authors: AM
authors: Calafat
authors: J Bruce
authors: JB
authors: Redmon
authors: Erma Z
authors: EZ
authors: Drobnis
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: Sparks
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Russ
authors: R
authors: Hauser
authors: Shanna H
authors: SH
authors: Swan
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