title: Lower extremity injuries in snowboarding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In snowboarding, the upper extremity is known as the most common injury site and little information is available for lower extremity injuries. Here, we aim to discuss lower extremity injuries during snowboarding.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the epidemiologic factors, injury types, and injury mechanisms for injured snowboarders (7,793 cases) between 2004-2005 and 2008-2009 seasons; information was gathered via questionnaires. Individuals were classified into a lower extremity injury group (961 cases) and a control group with other injuries (6,832 cases).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of lower extremity injuries in snowboarding was 0.16 per 1,000 participant days, accounting for 12.3% of all snowboarding injuries. The mean age of the lower extremity injury group and injured control group was 26.1 years ± 5.9 years and 25.1 years ± 5.6 years, respectively. Approximately 90% of snowboarders in both the groups were equipped with soft-shelled boots. Skilled snowboarders tended to sustain lower extremity injuries (p<0.0001). In lower extremity injuries, the most common injury type was lacerations/contusions (22.4%), resulting from collision with other snow sports participants. The most common fracture site was the ankle. Overall, in lower extremity injuries, the leading side was the most commonly injured (53.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A typical lower extremity injury in snowboarding is lacerations/contusions caused by collision with other snow sport participants. Lower extremity injuries in snowboarding differ considerably from well-known upper extremity injuries in terms of injury types and mechanisms. The incidence of lower extremity injuries is high and deserves further attention.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Takayama Redcross Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
authors: Daichi
authors: D
authors: Ishimaru
authors: Hiroyasu
authors: H
authors: Ogawa
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sumi
authors: Yasuhiko
authors: Y
authors: Sumi
authors: Katsuji
authors: K
authors: Shimizu