title: Breast milk hydrocodone and hydromorphone levels in mothers using hydrocodone for postpartum pain.
authors: Motherisk Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Gideon
authors: G
authors: Koren
references: Sauberan JB, Anderson PO, Lane JR, Rafie S, Nguyen N, Rossi SS, et al. Breast milk hydrocodone and hydromorphone levels in mothers using hydrocodone for postpartum pain. Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:611–7.
references: Koren G, Cairns J, Chitayat D, Gaedigk A, Leeder SJ. Pharmacogenetics of morphine poisoning in a breastfed neonate of a codeine-prescribed mother. Lancet 2006;368:704.
references: Madadi P, Ross CJ, Hayden MR, Carlton BC, Gaedigk A, Leeder JS, et al. Pharmacogentics of neonatal opioid toxicity following maternal use of codeine during breastfeeding. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:31–5.
references: Ito S, Koren G. A novel index for expressing exposure of the infant to drugs in breast milk. Br J Clin Pharamcol 1994;38:99–102.