title: Effect of concentration on the accuracy of convective imaging distribution of a gadolinium-based surrogate tracer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate real-time imaging of coinfused surrogate tracers can be used to determine the convective distribution of therapeutic agents. To assess the effect that a concentration of a Gd-based surrogate tracer has on the accuracy of determining the convective distribution, the authors infused different concentrations of Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in primates during MR imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five nonhuman primates underwent convective infusion (1 or 5 mM, 21-65 μl) of Gd-DTPA alone, Gd-DTPA and (14)C-sucrose, or Gd-DTPA and (14)C-dextran into the bilateral striata. Animals underwent real-time MR imaging during infusion (5 animals) and autoradiographic analysis (2 animals).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gadolinium-DTPA could be seen filling the striata at either concentration (1 or 5 mM) on real-time MR imaging. While the volume of distribution (Vd) increased linearly with the volume of infusion (Vi) for both concentrations of tracer (1 mM: R(2) = 0.83; 5 mM: R(2) = 0.96), the Vd/Vi ratio was significantly (p < 0.0001) less for the 1-mM (2.3 ± 1.0) as compared with the 5-mM (7.4 ± 1.9) concentration. Autoradiographic and MR volumetric analysis revealed that the 5-mM concentration most accurately estimated the Vd for both small (sucrose [359 D], 12% difference between imaging and autoradiographic distribution) and large (dextran [70 kD], 0.2% difference) molecules compared with the 1-mM concentration (sucrose, 65% difference; dextran, 68% difference).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of infused Gd-DTPA plays a critical role in accurately assessing the distribution of molecules delivered by CED. A 5-mM concentration of Gd-DTPA most accurately estimated the Vd over a wide range of molecular sizes.
authors: Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1414, USA. asthagiria@ninds.nih.gov
authors: Ashok R
authors: AR
authors: Asthagiri
authors: Stuart
authors: S
authors: Walbridge
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Heiss
authors: Russell R
authors: RR
authors: Lonser
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