title: Characteristics of pancreatic diabetes in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) tend to have concurrent diverse disorders, very few studies have focused on diabetes mellitus (DM) coexisting with AIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total 102 AIP patients with DM were divided into three groups. Those with DM before the onset of AIP were labeled group A (n=35), those who developed DM and AIP simultaneously were labeled group B (n=58) and those who developed DM after steroid therapy for AIP were labeled group C (n=9). The characteristics of DM among the three groups were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were noted in the age of DM onset among the three groups. However, the mean duration of DM was significantly longer in group A (8.7 years) than in groups B and C. AIP developed 6.8 years after DM onset in group A, whereas it developed 1.8 years after steroid therapy in group C. Group A had the highest rate (25.7%) of family members with a history of AIP. Levels of serum albumin, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in group A. No correlations were found between glycated hemoglobin and benzoyl-tyrosyl para-aminobenzoic acid. Hypoglycemia was observed in 20% of patients under insulin therapy. Most of them were habitual drinkers and received no pancreatic enzymes. Group A showed a high prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy and macrovascular disorders than group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspects of AIP-associated pancreatic diabetes were clarified. AIP-associated DM must be controlled by a full assessment of the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function.
authors: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. itopapa@intmed3.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
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