title: Induction of inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptors in chickens infected with avian H9N2 influenza virus.
abstract: H9N2 influenza virus is endemic in many Asian countries and is regarded as a candidate for the next human pandemic. Knowledge of the induction of inflammatory responses and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in chickens infected with H9N2 is limited. Here, we show that H9N2 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta 3; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma; and TLR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 15 in trachea, lung, and intestine of infected chickens. In the lung, TLR-15 was dominantly induced. Taken together, it seems that H9N2 infections efficiently induce inflammatory cytokines and TLRs in trachea, lung and intestine of chickens.
authors: Laboratory of Influenza Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea. seos@cnu.ac.kr.
authors: Nguyen Tai
authors: NT
authors: Nang
authors: Joo Sub
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Byung Min
authors: BM
authors: Song
authors: Young Myong
authors: YM
authors: Kang
authors: Hyun Soo
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Sang Heui
authors: SH
authors: Seo
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