title: Colorectal cancer screening among ethnically diverse, low-income patients: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient navigators may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among adults in underserved communities, but prior randomized trials have been small or conducted at single sites and have not included substantial numbers of Haitian Creole-speaking or Portuguese-speaking patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 465 primary care patients from 4 community health centers and 2 public hospital-based clinics who were not up-to-date with CRC screening and spoke English, Haitian Creole, Portuguese, or Spanish as their primary language. We enrolled participants from September 1, 2008, through March 31, 2009, and followed them up for 1 year after enrollment. We randomly allocated patients to receive a patient navigation-based intervention or usual care. Intervention patients received an introductory letter from their primary care provider with educational material, followed by telephone calls from a language-concordant navigator. The navigators offered patients the option of being screened by fecal occult blood testing or colonoscopy. The primary outcome was completion of any CRC screening within 1 year. Secondary outcomes included the proportions of patients screened by colonoscopy who had adenomas or cancer detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 1-year period, intervention patients were more likely to undergo CRC screening than control patients (33.6% vs 20.0%; P < .001), to be screened by colonoscopy (26.4% vs 13.0%; P < .001), and to have adenomas detected (8.1% vs 3.9%; P = .06). In prespecified subgroup analyses, the navigator intervention was particularly beneficial for patients whose primary language was other than English (39.8% vs 18.6%; P < .001) and black patients (39.7% vs 16.7%; P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient navigation increased completion of CRC screening among ethnically diverse patients. Targeting patient navigation to black and non-English-speaking patients may be a useful approach to reducing disparities in CRC screening.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01141114.
authors: Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, USA. Karen.lasser@bmc.org
authors: Karen E
authors: KE
authors: Lasser
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Murillo
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Lisboa
authors: A Naomie
authors: AN
authors: Casimir
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Valley-Shah
authors: Karen M
authors: KM
authors: Emmons
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Fletcher
authors: John Z
authors: JZ
authors: Ayanian