title: Influences of activity wheel access on the body temperature response to MDMA and methamphetamine.
abstract: Recreational ingestion of the drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") can result in pathologically elevated body temperature and even death in humans. Such incidents are relatively rare which makes it difficult to identify the relative contributions of specific environmental and situational factors. Although animal models have been used to explore several aspects of MDMA-induced hyperthermia and it is regularly hypothesized that prolonged physical activity (e.g., dancing) in the nightclub environment increases risk, this has never been tested directly. In this study the rectal temperature of male Wistar rats was monitored after challenge with doses of MDMA and methamphetamine (MA), another drug frequently ingested in the rave/nightclub environment, either with or without access to an activity wheel. Results showed that wheel activity did not modify the hyperthermia produced by 10.0mg/kg MDMA. However, individual correlations were observed in which wheel activity levels after a locomotor stimulant dose of MDMA were positively related to body temperature change and lethal outcome. A modest increase in the maximum body temperature observed after 5.6mg/kg MA was caused by wheel access but this was mostly attributable to a drop in temperature relative to vehicle treatment in the absence of wheel activity. These results suggest that nightclub dancing in the human Ecstasy consumer may not be a significant factor in medical emergencies.
authors: Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors: N W
authors: NW
authors: Gilpin
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Wright
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Dickinson
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Vandewater
authors: J U
authors: JU
authors: Price
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Taffe
references: J Neurosci. 1998 Jul 1;18(13):5086-94
references: 9634574
references: Physiol Behav. 1981 Apr;26(4):735-9
references: 7267764
references: Life Sci. 1984 Feb 27;34(9):827-33
references: 6422178
references: Forensic Sci Int. 2005 Oct 29;153(2-3):227-30
references: 16139114
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 Apr;114(3):505-8
references: 7855209
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 May 20;82(3):276-81
references: 16289931
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):352-6
references: 2574478
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Mar;32(3):673-81
references: 16641942
references: J Anal Toxicol. 2003 Jul-Aug;27(5):318-22
references: 12908947
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Oct;73(3):663-71
references: 12151042
references: Crit Care Med. 2005 Jun;33(6):1311-6
references: 15942349
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Mar;166(3):202-11
references: 12563544
references: Arch Toxicol. 2002 Apr;76(3):166-72
references: 11967622
references: Synapse. 2004 Sep 15;53(4):214-21
references: 15266553
references: JAMA. 2000 Nov 1;284(17):2190
references: 11056589
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1987;93(4):457-65
references: 3124179
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Jun;198(3):301-11
references: 18438646
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Jan;189(4):435-45
references: 17019566
references: Neuropsychobiology. 2009;60(3-4):195-203
references: 19893336
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Apr;65(4):585-90
references: 10764910
references: Anim Behav. 1998 Jul;56(1):11-27
references: 9710457
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Jan;26(1):40-52
references: 11751031
references: Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):298-300
references: 9765157
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1975 Sep;24(2):241-8
references: 1206333
references: Anesthesiology. 2003 Nov;99(5):1132-6
references: 14576550
references: Neuroscience. 2006 Oct 13;142(2):515-25
references: 16876329
references: Subst Use Misuse. 2005;40(9-10):1427-41
references: 16048826
references: J Mol Med (Berl). 2004 Dec;82(12):787-99
references: 15602689
references: J Neurosci. 1995 Feb;15(2):1308-17
references: 7869099
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008 Aug;90(2):208-17
references: 18403002
references: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988 Nov;247(2):547-55
references: 2903234
references: Am J Emerg Med. 2003 Mar;21(2):121-4
references: 12671812
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007 May;87(1):11-9
references: 17475314
references: Med J Aust. 1997 Jul 21;167(2):109, 111
references: 9251702
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Jun 11;59(22):677-81
references: 20535091
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Aug;205(2):337-47
references: 19421742
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Apr;178(4):505-13
references: 15765263
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986 Dec;25(6):1149-51
references: 3809216
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1988 Mar;29(3):645-8
references: 2896363
references: Behav Neurosci. 2003 Aug;117(4):825-32
references: 12931966
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2004 Jul;20(1):51-8
references: 15245478
references: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 May;173(3-4):452-3
references: 14663549
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Jul 27;83(3):247-54
references: 16364567
references: Neuropharmacology. 1976 Nov;15(11):673-6
references: 1004691
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004 Apr;77(4):745-50
references: 15099919
references: J Emerg Med. 2005 Nov;29(4):451-4
references: 16243206
references: Behav Neurosci. 2003 Jun;117(3):496-504
references: 12802878
references: J Neurosci. 2001 Nov 1;21(21):8648-54
references: 11606652
references: J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Sep;14(5):336-8
references: 9315942