title: Dose-dependent influence of sevoflurane anesthesia on neuronal survival and cognitive outcome after transient forebrain ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Volatile anesthetics reduce postischemic neurohistopathological injury and improve neurological outcome in various animal models. However, the isoflurane concentrations above 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) have been associated with reduced neuronal survival and impaired functional outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate if 1.8 MAC sevoflurane alters postischemic neuronal survival and neurologic outcome compared with 0.45 MAC sevoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 20 fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups with 1 or 4 vol.% sevoflurane end-tidal concentration. Cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hemorrhagic hypotension (BCAO). The cognitive outcome was assessed after 7 days using the object recognition test. Animals were then re-anesthetized and brains were removed for neurohistopathological analysis of the hippocampus (CA1) and cortex using hematoxylin-eosin staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physiologic parameters were not different between both the treatment groups. The number of viable neurons (median [Q1, Q3]) in the CA1 region on postischemic day 7 was increased after high-dose sevoflurane compared with low-dose sevoflurane (1645 [453, 1825] vs. 3222 [2920, 3993] neurons/ROI, P < 0.05). Results of the object recognition test were not different between both the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postischemic neuronal survival was increased with 1.8 MAC compared with 0.45 MAC sevoflurane. Therefore, experimental models of cerebral ischemia should account for neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane with increasing concentrations. To ensure minimal interference of sevoflurane on neuronal survival, a low inspired concentration should be used and fluctuations in the depth of anesthesia should be limited.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Lasarzik
authors: Rüdiger R
authors: RR
authors: Noppens
authors: Thorsten
authors: T
authors: Wolf
authors: Henrike
authors: H
authors: Bauer
authors: Clara
authors: C
authors: Luh
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Werner
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Engelhard
authors: Serge C
authors: SC
authors: Thal
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