title: Integration of vestibular and proprioceptive signals for spatial updating.
abstract: Spatial updating during self-motion typically involves the appropriate integration of both visual and non-visual cues, including vestibular and proprioceptive information. Here, we investigated how human observers combine these two non-visual cues during full-stride curvilinear walking. To obtain a continuous, real-time estimate of perceived position, observers were asked to continuously point toward a previously viewed target in the absence of vision. They did so while moving on a large circular treadmill under various movement conditions. Two conditions were designed to evaluate spatial updating when information was largely limited to either proprioceptive information (walking in place) or vestibular information (passive movement). A third condition evaluated updating when both sources of information were available (walking through space) and were either congruent or in conflict. During both the passive movement condition and while walking through space, the pattern of pointing behavior demonstrated evidence of accurate egocentric updating. In contrast, when walking in place, perceived self-motion was underestimated and participants always adjusted the pointer at a constant rate, irrespective of changes in the rate at which the participant moved relative to the target. The results are discussed in relation to the maximum likelihood estimation model of sensory integration. They show that when the two cues were congruent, estimates were combined, such that the variance of the adjustments was generally reduced. Results also suggest that when conflicts were introduced between the vestibular and proprioceptive cues, spatial updating was based on a weighted average of the two inputs.
authors: Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Multisensory Perception and Action Group, Tübingen, Germany. ilja.frissen@irccyn.ec-nantes.fr
authors: Ilja
authors: I
authors: Frissen
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Campos
authors: Jan L
authors: JL
authors: Souman
authors: Marc O
authors: MO
authors: Ernst
references: Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):95-8
references: 7604286
references: Gait Posture. 2007 Jun;26(1):17-24
references: 16905322
references: Exp Brain Res. 2000 Nov;135(1):12-21
references: 11104123
references: J Vis. 2005 Dec 28;5(11):1013-23
references: 16441199
references: J Vis. 2010 Sep 01;10(11):23
references: 20884518
references: Perception. 1990;19(5):675-89
references: 2103000
references: PLoS One. 2009 Nov 11;4(11):e7793
references: 19907655
references: Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:115-47
references: 15709931
references: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1998 Sep;13(6):434-440
references: 11415818
references: Exp Brain Res. 2001 Aug;139(3):318-32
references: 11545471
references: Neuroscience. 1999 May;90(2):389-94
references: 10215144
references: J Neurophysiol. 1997 Jun;77(6):3180-92
references: 9212267
references: Curr Biol. 2008 May 6;18(9):689-93
references: 18450447
references: Psychol Bull. 2007 Jul;133(4):625-37
references: 17592958
references: Exp Brain Res. 2002 Jun;144(4):458-74
references: 12037631
references: J Neurophysiol. 1989 Jul;62(1):247-63
references: 2754476
references: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1950 Dec;43(6):482-9
references: 14794830
references: Exp Brain Res. 2007 May;179(2):263-90
references: 17136526
references: J Neurophysiol. 2009 Apr;101(4):1901-12
references: 19109455
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1986 Aug;12(3):388-91
references: 2943867
references: Exp Brain Res. 2006 Oct;174(3):528-43
references: 16832684
references: Vision Res. 1999 Oct;39(21):3621-9
references: 10746132
references: Exp Brain Res. 2009 May;195(3):429-44
references: 19396591
references: Vision Res. 2003 Nov;43(24):2539-58
references: 13129541
references: Perception. 2009;38(7):966-87
references: 19764300
references: Perception. 2003;32(5):567-78
references: 12854643
references: J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 9;29(49):15601-12
references: 20007484
references: Exp Brain Res. 2009 Mar;193(3):429-36
references: 19030852
references: Exp Brain Res. 1994;98(2):323-35
references: 8050517
references: Exp Brain Res. 2002 Aug;145(4):489-97
references: 12172660
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983 Jun;9(3):427-43
references: 6223981
references: Perception. 2004;33(1):49-65
references: 15035328
references: Cereb Cortex. 2010 Aug;20(8):1829-42
references: 19923200
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Apr;8(4):162-9
references: 15050512
references: Nature. 2004 Jan 15;427(6971):244-7
references: 14724638
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1992 Nov;18(4):906-21
references: 1431754
references: Cyberpsychol Behav. 2003 Oct;6(5):509-18
references: 14583126
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1995 Jun;21(3):480-97
references: 7790829
references: Curr Biol. 2004 Feb 3;14(3):257-62
references: 14761661
references: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2008;31:125-50
references: 18338968
references: Percept Psychophys. 2006 Apr;68(3):353-61
references: 16900829
references: J Mot Behav. 1988 Dec;20(4):399-415
references: 15078616
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2009 Aug;19(4):452-8
references: 19616425
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1997 Feb;23(1):86-100
references: 9090148
references: Exp Brain Res. 2004 Jan;154(2):246-54
references: 14685814
references: Curr Biol. 2009 Sep 29;19(18):1538-42
references: 19699093
references: Agressologie. 1978;19(A):29-30
references: 727344
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Oct;35(5):1458-71
references: 19803649
references: Nature. 2002 Jan 24;415(6870):429-33
references: 11807554
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Oct;35(5):1472-80
references: 19803650
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2010 May;31(10):1889-98
references: 20584194