title: Perspectives of San Juan healthcare practitioners on the detection deficit in oral premalignant and early cancers in Puerto Rico: a qualitative research study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Puerto Rico, relative to the United States, a disparity exists in detecting oral precancers and early cancers. To identify factors leading to the deficit in early detection, we obtained the perspectives of San Juan healthcare practitioners whose practice could be involved in the detection of such oral lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Key informant (KI) interviews were conducted with ten clinicians practicing in or around San Juan, Puerto Rico. We then triangulated our KI interview findings with other data sources, including recent literature on oral cancer detection from various geographic areas, current curricula at the University of Puerto Rico Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine, as well as local health insurance regulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Key informant-identified factors that likely contribute to the detection deficit include: many practitioners are deficient in knowledge regarding oral cancer and precancer; oral cancer screening examinations are limited regarding which patients receive them and the elements included. In Puerto Rico, specialists generally perform oral biopsies, and patient referral can be delayed by various factors, including government-subsidized health insurance, often referred to as Reforma. Reforma-based issues include often inadequate clinician knowledge regarding Reforma requirements/provisions, diagnostic delays related to Reforma bureaucracy, and among primary physicians, a perceived financial disincentive in referring Reforma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addressing these issues may be useful in reducing the deficit in detecting oral precancers and early oral cancer in Puerto Rico.
authors: Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, 250 Park Avenue South, Room 633, MC: 9479, New York, NY 10003-1402, USA. dem5@nyu.edu
authors: Douglas E
authors: DE
authors: Morse
authors: Carmen M
authors: CM
authors: Vélez Vega
authors: Walter J
authors: WJ
authors: Psoter
authors: Himilce
authors: H
authors: Vélez
authors: Carmen J
authors: CJ
authors: Buxó
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Baek
authors: Augusto
authors: A
authors: Elias
authors: Melba Sánchez
authors: MS
authors: Ayendez
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