title: Alterations of lipid metabolism in Wilson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of human copper metabolism, characterised by accumulation of copper predominantly in the liver and brain, leading to severe hepatic and neurological disease. Interesting findings in animal models of WD (Atp7b-/- and LEC rats) showed altered lipid metabolism with a decrease in the amount of triglycerides and cholesterol in the serum. However, serum lipid profile has not been investigated in large human WD patient cohorts to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cohort study involved 251 patients examined at the Heidelberg and Dresden (Germany) University Hospitals. Patients were analysed on routine follow-up examinations for serum lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Data on these parameters at time of diagnosis were retrieved by chart review where available. For statistical testing, patients were subgrouped by sex, manifestation (hepatic, neurological, mixed and asymptomatic) and treatment (D-penicillamine, trientine, zinc or combination).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference in total serum cholesterol was found in patients with hepatic symptoms, which diminished under therapy. No alterations were observed for HDL, LDL and triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contradictory to previous reports using WD animal models (Atp7b-/- and LEC rats), the most obvious alteration in our cohort was a lower serum cholesterol level in hepatic-affected patients, which might be related to liver injury. Our data suggested unimpaired cholesterol metabolism in Wilson disease under therapy, independent of the applied medical treatment.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Seessle
authors: Annina
authors: A
authors: Gohdes
authors: Daniel Nils
authors: DN
authors: Gotthardt
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Pfeiffenberger
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Eckert
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Stremmel
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Reuner
authors: Karl Heinz
authors: KH
authors: Weiss
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