title: Sesamin ameliorates oxidative stress and mortality in kainic acid-induced status epilepticus by inhibition of MAPK and COX-2 activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) was involved with release of free radicals. Sesamin is a well-known antioxidant from sesame seeds and it scavenges free radicals in several brain injury models. However the neuroprotective mechanism of sesamin to KA-induced seizure has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rodents (male FVB mice and Sprague-Dawley rats) were fed with sesamin extract (90% of sesamin and 10% sesamolin), 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, for 3 days before KA subcutaneous injection. The effect of sesamin on KA-induced cell injury was also investigated on several cellular pathways including neuronal plasticity (RhoA), neurodegeneration (Caspase-3), and inflammation (COX-2) in PC12 cells and microglial BV-2 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with sesamin extract (30 mg/kg) significantly increased plasma α-tocopherol level 50% and 55.8% from rats without and with KA treatment, respectively. It also decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) from 145% to 117% (p=0.017) and preserved superoxide dismutase from 55% of the vehicle control mice to 81% of sesamin-treated mice, respectively to the normal levels (p=0.013). The treatment significantly decreased the mortality from 22% to 0% in rats. Sesamin was effective to protect PC12 cells and BV-2 cells from KA-injury in a dose-dependent manner. It decreased the release of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and MDA from PC12 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that sesamin significantly reduced ERK1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, Caspase-3, and COX-2 expression in both cells and RhoA expression in BV-2 cells. Furthermore, Sesamin was able to reduce PGE2 production from both cells under KA-stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, it suggests that sesamin could protect KA-induced brain injury through anti-inflammatory and partially antioxidative mechanisms.
authors: Division of Neurology, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. pfhsieh@vghtc.gov.tw
authors: Peiyuan F
authors: PF
authors: Hsieh
authors: Chien-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Hou
authors: Pei-Wun
authors: PW
authors: Yao
authors: Szu-Pei
authors: SP
authors: Wu
authors: Yu-Fen
authors: YF
authors: Peng
authors: Mei-Lin
authors: ML
authors: Shen
authors: Ching-Huei
authors: CH
authors: Lin
authors: Ya-Yun
authors: YY
authors: Chao
authors: Ming-Hong
authors: MH
authors: Chang
authors: Kee-Ching
authors: KC
authors: Jeng
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