title: Influence of application methods of self-etching adhesive systems on adhesive bond strength to dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of variations in the application technique of self-etching adhesive systems on the shear bond strength to dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The buccal surface of 255 extracted bovine teeth was ground to expose a flat dentin surface; the teeth were divided into four experimental groups. The self-etching adhesive systems One Up Bond F Plus, Clearfil SE Bond, Xeno III, and FuturaBond NR were used, and the etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 was used as the control group. One or two layers of the self-etching systems were actively or passively applied. Cylinders of composite resin were bonded to dentin, and after 24 h, specimens were shear tested in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, Dunnett's and Tukey's test (5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences for the factors adhesive type, application method, and their interaction. All adhesive systems showed significant differences. The active application of two layers of self-etching bonding systems resulted in a significantly higher mean than the passive application method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The active application of self-etching adhesive systems tends to increase the dentin shear bond strength, and the influence of the application method depends on the tested adhesive.
authors: Sao Jose dos Campos School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University, SP, Brazil.
authors: Patrícia Rondon
authors: PR
authors: Pleffken
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: de Almeida Lourenço
authors: Carlos Rocha
authors: CR
authors: Torres
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Bühler Borges