title: The epidemiology of sepsis in general surgery patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis is increasing in hospitalized patients. Our purpose is to describe its current epidemiology in a general surgery (GS) intensive care unit (ICU) where patients are routinely screened and aggressively treated for sepsis by an established protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our prospective, Institutional Review Board-approved sepsis research database was queried for demographics, biomarkers reflecting organ dysfunction, and mortality. Patients were grouped as sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock using refined consensus criteria. Data are compared by analysis of variance, Student's t test, and χ test (p<0.05 significant).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 24 months ending September 2009, 231 patients (aged 59 years ± 3 years; 43% men) were treated for sepsis. The abdomen was the source of infection in 69% of patients. Several baseline biomarkers of organ dysfunction (BOD) correlated with sepsis severity including lactate, creatinine, international normalized ratio, platelet count, and d-dimer. Direct correlation with mortality was noted with particular baseline BODs including beta natriuretic peptide, international normalized ratio, platelet count, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Most patients present with severe sepsis (56%) or septic shock (26%) each with increasing multiple BODs. Septic shock has prohibitive mortality rate (36%), and those who survive septic shock have prolonged ICU stays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general surgery ICU patients, sepsis is predominantly caused by intra-abdominal infection. Multiple BODs are present in severe sepsis and septic shock but are notably advanced in septic shock. Despite aggressive sepsis screening and treatment, septic shock remains a morbid condition.
authors: From the Methodist Hospital Research Institute/Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ljmoore@tmhs.org
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: Moore
authors: Bruce A
authors: BA
authors: McKinley
authors: Krista L
authors: KL
authors: Turner
authors: S Rob
authors: SR
authors: Todd
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Sucher
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Valdivia
authors: R Matthew
authors: RM
authors: Sailors
authors: Lillian S
authors: LS
authors: Kao
authors: Frederick A
authors: FA
authors: Moore