title: Mitochondrial phylogenies in the light of pseudogenes and Wolbachia: re-assessment of a bark beetle dataset.
abstract: Phylogenetic studies based on mtDNA become increasingly questioned because of potential pitfalls due to mitochondrial pseudogenes and mitochondrial selective sweeps. While the inclusion of nuclear markers should preferentially be considered for future studies, there is no need to abandon mtDNA as long as tests for the known mtDNA artefacts are performed. In this study we presentadditionaldata and test previous phylogeographical studies of Pityogenes chalcographus. We did not detect nuclear copies (numts) of the previously used mitochondrial markers by performing a combined long range/nested PCR of the COI gene and by an in silico analysis of the COI sequence data. This confirms the robustness of our previous phylogenetic study of Pityogenes chalcographus. Results of an in-situ hybridization of Wolbachia in Pityogenes chalcographus confirm the presence of this endosysmbiont in this species. However, we did not detect a correlation between infection status, geographical region and mtDNA haplotypes. The hybridisation data also support a previous hypothesis that infections do not result from parasitoids or parasitic nematodes, insect surface or laboratory contaminations and are hence a true infection of Pityogenes chalcographus. We conclude that the deep structure found in mitochondrial populations of Pityogenes chalcographus indeed represents the evolutionary history of European populations.
authors: Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Arthofer
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: N Avtzis
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Riegler
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Stauffer
references: Evolution. 2005 Feb;59(2):317-23
references: 15807418
references: Insect Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;4(4):263-78
references: 8825764
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2004 Feb;5(2):123-35
references: 14735123
references: J Med Entomol. 2005 Mar;42(2):120-4
references: 15799519
references: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 Mar;30(3):686-702
references: 15012948
references: Syst Biol. 2006 Apr;55(2):289-300
references: 16611600
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2699-702
references: 1557375
references: Cladistics. 2007 Dec;23(6):539-551
references: 34905867
references: Genetics. 2004 Dec;168(4):2049-58
references: 15611174
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 9;105(36):13486-91
references: 18757756
references: Proc Biol Sci. 1995 Oct 23;262(1363):13-9
references: 7479989
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Dec 15;25(24):4876-82
references: 9396791
references: Trends Ecol Evol. 2009 Jul;24(7):386-93
references: 19409650
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Apr 11;8(7):1499-504
references: 6253938
references: Trends Genet. 2007 Jun;23(6):259-63
references: 17418445
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1996 Mar;13(3):510-24
references: 8742640
references: Trends Ecol Evol. 1996 Jun;11(6):247-51
references: 21237827
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1986 Jul;3(4):322-9
references: 3444408
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1992 Sep;9(5):814-25
references: 1528108
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1998 Dec;15(12):1719-27
references: 9866206
references: Mol Ecol. 2009 Sep;18(18):3816-30
references: 19732336
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Oct;6(10):741-51
references: 18794912
references: Proc Biol Sci. 2005 Aug 7;272(1572):1525-34
references: 16048766
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2004 Jun;21(6):1081-4
references: 15014143
references: Biol Lett. 2009 Jun 23;5(3):413-6
references: 19324654
references: Proc Biol Sci. 1998 Mar 22;265(1395):509-15
references: 9569669
references: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1999 Feb;11(1):122-37
references: 10082616
references: Trends Ecol Evol. 2001 Jun 1;16(6):314-321
references: 11369110