title: cGMP regulates hydrogen peroxide accumulation in calcium-dependent salt resistance pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana roots.
abstract: 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is an important second messenger in plants. In the present study, roles of cGMP in salt resistance in Arabidopsis roots were investigated. Arabidopsis roots were sensitive to 100 mM NaCl treatment, displaying a great increase in electrolyte leakage and Na(+)/K(+) ratio and a decrease in gene expression of the plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase. However, application of exogenous 8Br-cGMP (an analog of cGMP), H(2)O(2) or CaCl(2) alleviated the NaCl-induced injury by maintaining a lower Na(+)/K(+) ratio and increasing the PM H(+)-ATPase gene expression. In addition, the inhibition of root elongation and seed germination under salt stress was removed by 8Br-cGMP. Further study indicated that 8Br-cGMP-induced higher NADPH levels for PM NADPH oxidase to generate H(2)O(2) by regulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity. The effect of 8Br-cGMP and H(2)O(2) on ionic homeostasis was abolished when Ca(2+) was eliminated by glycol-bis-(2-amino ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, a Ca(2+) chelator) in Arabidopsis roots under salt stress. Taken together, cGMP could regulate H(2)O(2) accumulation in salt stress, and Ca(2+) was necessary in the cGMP-mediated signaling pathway. H(2)O(2), as the downstream component of cGMP signaling pathway, stimulated PM H(+)-ATPase gene expression. Thus, ion homeostasis was modulated for salt tolerance.
authors: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jisheng
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Xiaomin
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Yanli
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Honglei
authors: H
authors: Jia
authors: Yurong
authors: Y
authors: Bi
references: Nitric Oxide. 2010 Nov 1;23(3):242-50
references: 20633693
references: Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5
references: 5432063
references: Planta. 2008 Feb;227(3):611-23
references: 17952457
references: Plant Cell. 1995 Dec;7(12):2053-67
references: 8718619
references: J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 21;278(8):6490-4
references: 12482758
references: Plant J. 2001 Aug;27(3):191-201
references: 11532165
references: Plant J. 1994 Mar;5(3):311-7
references: 8180619
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Feb;134(2):849-57
references: 14739346
references: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Jun;52:817-845
references: 11337417
references: Phytochemistry. 2004 Jun;65(12):1745-76
references: 15276435
references: Physiol Plant. 2001 Apr;111(4):483-490
references: 11299013
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2003 Oct;6(5):441-5
references: 12972044
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2002 Oct;5(5):388-95
references: 12183176
references: J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 15;265(23):13601-8
references: 2143186
references: J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 24;273(17):10609-17
references: 9553122
references: Plant Physiol. 1995 Nov;109(3):735-742
references: 12228628
references: EMBO J. 1997 May 15;16(10):2554-64
references: 9184203
references: FEBS Lett. 2004 Jul 2;569(1-3):317-20
references: 15225654
references: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references: 942051
references: Planta. 2006 Aug;224(3):545-55
references: 16501990
references: J Exp Bot. 2005 May;56(415):1369-78
references: 15809285
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11701-5
references: 1334545
references: Plant Physiol. 1996 Aug;111(4):1031-1042
references: 12226345
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Feb;128(2):379-87
references: 11842142
references: Cell. 1994 Nov 18;79(4):583-93
references: 7954825
references: Plant Physiol. 1993 Nov;103(3):713-8
references: 8022933
references: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Jun;51:463-499
references: 15012199
references: Plant Physiol. 1987 Mar;83(3):510-6
references: 16665280
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Mar;140(3):1022-35
references: 16443697
references: New Phytol. 2006;170(3):501-12
references: 16626472
references: Plant Physiol. 1995 May;108(1):1-6
references: 12228449
references: Planta. 2001 Mar;212(4):627-34
references: 11525521
references: Genetics. 1998 Jun;149(2):501-7
references: 9611169
references: Plant Physiol. 2007 Aug;144(4):1763-76
references: 17600134
references: Plant Physiol. 1997 Oct;115(2):543-550
references: 12223822
references: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2002;53:247-73
references: 12221975
references: Int Rev Cytol. 2000;195:269-324
references: 10603578
references: J Biol Chem. 1987 Oct 25;262(30):14745-52
references: 2889732
references: Plant Physiol. 1996 Aug;111(4):1271-9
references: 8756505
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2007 Jul;30(7):775-85
references: 17547650
references: Planta. 2003 Jan;216(3):355-65
references: 12520326
references: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2004;55:263-88
references: 15377221
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 May 1;1465(1-2):1-16
references: 10748244
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Jun;141(2):336-40
references: 16760484
references: J Plant Physiol. 2010 Jul 15;167(11):885-9
references: 20170981
references: Plant J. 2006 Jan;45(1):113-22
references: 16367958
references: Planta. 2009 Jul;230(2):293-307
references: 19455351
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Jun;129(2):460-8
references: 12068093
references: Plant J. 1997 Nov;12(5):1067-78
references: 9418048
references: Plant J. 2006 Mar;45(5):700-11
references: 16460505
references: Plant Physiol. 2007 May;144(1):206-17
references: 17351048
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2004 Oct;9(10):490-8
references: 15465684
references: Plant Cell. 2002 Oct;14(10):2369-81
references: 12368492