title: Prognostic value of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is expressed on many cell types including endothelial cells and different cancer cell entities. Experimental data strongly indicate that ICAM-1 can activate intracellular signalling pathways in cancer cells leading to enhanced cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Yet, little is known about the role of ICAM-1 expression during malignant progression in breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression in two partly overlapping cohorts of breast cancer patients. ICAM-1 protein was detected by Western blot analysis in 104 cases and verified by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, ICAM-1 mRNA microarray data from 169 tumours were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With both methods, high ICAM-1 expression was significantly associated with a poorly differentiated phenotype, a negative estrogen receptor (ER) status and positive lymph node involvement. In addition, there was a significant prognostic impact of ICAM-1 protein overexpression on recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.82, P = 0.023), which was most pronounced in ER-negative tumours. ICAM-1 mRNA overexpression was associated with high urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA-inhibitor protein 1 (PAI 1) protein and mRNA levels as well as high Ki67 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our group of patients, ICAM-1 expression was associated with a more aggressive tumour phenotype. Because of its association with malignant progression, ICAM-1 might represent a new target in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
authors: Department of Anatomy, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Schröder
authors: Isabell
authors: I
authors: Witzel
authors: Volkmar
authors: V
authors: Müller
authors: Sylke
authors: S
authors: Krenkel
authors: Ralph M
authors: RM
authors: Wirtz
authors: Fritz
authors: F
authors: Jänicke
authors: Udo
authors: U
authors: Schumacher
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Milde-Langosch
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