title: Analysis of conformational variations of the cricoid cartilages in Thoroughbred horses using computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Loss of arytenoid abduction is a common post operative complication of laryngoplasty without a definitive cause. It has been a clinical impression during laryngoplasty surgery that there is great conformational variability along the caudal edge of the Thoroughbred cricoid cartilage that could impact post operative retention of suture position. A change in suture position would probably lead to some loss of abduction. Defining any structural variability of the cricoid would be an initial step in determining whether this variability could impact on the retention of suture position.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Anatomical variations in the larynx of Thoroughbred horses may be detected and measured using objective analysis and computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Larynges were harvested from 15 mature Thoroughbred horses. Helical CT scans were performed on each specimen. Three independent observers performed a series of measurements on 2D and 3D reconstruction images using digital software. Measurements included the lateral cricoid angle, the caudal cricoid prominences, the distance to the cricoid slope, the angle of the cricoarytenoid joints (CAJ), the cricoid thickness and the suture angle. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and linear regression analysis were performed among all observers and all measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Notable conformational differences were evident on the 3D reconstructions. The highest degree of variability was found in 3 measurements: the distance to the lateral cricoid slope, the lateral cricoid angle and the cricoid thickness. A larger left CAJ angle directly and significantly correlated with a larger suture angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are notable conformational differences among cricoid specimens in the Thoroughbred larynx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morphometric differences identified may impact on optimal prosthesis placement and long-term retention. Since a larger lateral cricoid angle may facilitate abduction loss secondary to a displaced and loosened suture, alternative techniques for suture placement may be of value to prevent arytenoid abduction loss.
authors: University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Dahlberg
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Valdes-Martinez
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Boston
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: Parente