title: The cholinergic response is increased in isolated ileum from gastroschisis rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Babies with gastroschisis (G) have high morbidity rate and long hospital stay due to bowel hypomotility caused by chronic exposure of the bowel to the amniotic fluid. Our aim was to evaluate the reactivity of isolated ileum in fetal rats selected for experimental gastroschisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  G was surgically created at 18.5 days of gestation (term = 22 days). Concentration-dependent curve to the muscarinic agonist methacholine (1-30 μM) and contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS, 1-16 Hz, 50 V, 1 ms) were carried out in isolated ileum of groups control (C), sham (S) and gastroschisis (G) (n = 30). Protein expression for M(3) was assessed by western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions were decreased in G (p < 0.001). Methacholine produced concentration-dependent contractions being the maximal response values higher in G (p < 0.01). EFS-induced frequency-dependent contractions showed 1.8 times higher in G as well as an increase of M(3) expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency and the amplitude of rhythmic contractions were reduced along with an increase in the contraction induced by mucarinic agonist and by EFS in G. These results suggest the occurrence of an adaptative supersensitivity to cholinergic response via increases in the protein expression for M(3) receptor.
authors: Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors: Aline Cristina
authors: AC
authors: Régis
authors: Julio Alejandro
authors: JA
authors: Rojas-Moscoso
authors: Frances Lilian Lanhellas
authors: FL
authors: Gonçalves
authors: Augusto Frederico
authors: AF
authors: Schmidt
authors: Fabíola Zakia
authors: FZ
authors: Mónica
authors: Edson
authors: E
authors: Antunes
authors: Lourenço
authors: L
authors: Sbragia
references: Development. 1992 Oct;116(2):369-75
references: 1283735
references: J Surg Res. 1994 Aug;57(2):274-9
references: 8028335
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2007 May;42(5):783-7
references: 17502183
references: Surgery. 1953 Jan;33(1):112-20
references: 13015321
references: J Pediatr Surg. 1999 Aug;34(8):1248-52
references: 10466605
references: J Pediatr Surg. 1998 Aug;33(8):1209-14
references: 9721988
references: Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008;23(1):60-8
references: 17934300
references: Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Nov;105(11):1200-4
references: 9853770
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Mar;39(3):366-70
references: 15017553
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Oct;39(10):1541-7
references: 15486901
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2008 Jan;43(1):30-4; discussion 34
references: 18206451
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Jun;42(6):950-5; discussion 955-6
references: 17560201
references: J Cell Mol Med. 2008 Apr;12(2):471-8
references: 18266958
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Dec;37(12):1758-61
references: 12483650
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Dec;37(12):1669-72
references: 12483626
references: J Physiol. 1994 Oct 1;480 ( Pt 1):91-7
references: 7853230
references: J Pediatr Surg. 1995 Mar;30(3):379-83
references: 7760224
references: J Reconstr Microsurg. 1997 May;13(4):297-301
references: 9144144
references: J Pediatr Surg. 1989 Oct;24(10):992-7
references: 2530329
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2005 Dec;40(12):1887-91
references: 16338312
references: Prog Histochem Cytochem. 2010 Feb;44(4):173-202
references: 20159236
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2002 May;37(5):735-40
references: 11987090
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Jan;37(1):31-5
references: 11781982
references: Neuroscience. 1996 Dec;75(3):949-67
references: 8951887
references: Am J Perinatol. 2010 Jan;27(1):97-101
references: 19866404
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2001 Jan;36(1):213-6
references: 11150468
references: J Pediatr Surg. 1997 Apr;32(4):605-8
references: 9126764
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2003 Oct;38(10):1506-11
references: 14577076
references: Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009 Nov;18(4):196-205
references: 19782301
references: J Physiol. 2001 Oct 15;536(Pt 2):555-68
references: 11600689
references: Pediatr Surg Int. 2010 Sep;26(9):871-8
references: 20686898
references: Cell Tissue Res. 2002 Dec;310(3):349-58
references: 12457234
references: J Pediatr Surg. 1998 Jun;33(6):859-62
references: 9660215
references: Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol. 1997 Oct;118(2):331-40
references: 9366065