title: Meat intake and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Meat consumption is inconsistently associated with the development of bladder cancer in several epidemiological studies. We performed a meta-analysis of evidence for relationships of meat consumption with risk of bladder cancer. Literature searches were conducted to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts published up to October 2010. Twenty publications from 10 cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were included in the analyses. We quantified associations with bladder cancer using meta-analysis of relative risk (RR) associated with the highest versus the lowest category of meat intake using random effect model. Pooled results indicate that overall meat intake was not related to the risk of bladder cancer (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.80-1.27), while high red and processed meat consumer had a significantly increased 17 and 10% risk, respectively, when comparing the highest with the lowest category of meat intake. In subgroup analyses, studies conduced in Unites States/Canada exhibited a positive relationship between high meat intake and bladder cancer risk, and studies using self-administered questionnaires for exposure assessment also showed a significant increased relative risk for high meat consumers. However, because of borderline significance and small number of publications in individual analyses, more studies, particularly well-designed prospective studies, are needed to confirm these findings.
authors: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Chaojun
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Hai
authors: H
authors: Jiang
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2009 Feb;20(1):35-40
references: 18704711
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Nov;18(9):967-88
references: 17638104
references: Nutr Cancer. 1989;12(1):93-101
references: 2710651
references: Cancer. 2010 Sep 15;116(18):4345-53
references: 20681011
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Mar;5(3):161-6
references: 8833615
references: Int J Urol. 2004 Jan;11(1):11-9
references: 14678179
references: Control Clin Trials. 1986 Sep;7(3):177-88
references: 3802833
references: Cancer Res. 2010 Mar 15;70(6):2406-14
references: 20215514
references: Int J Cancer. 1991 Sep 9;49(2):214-9
references: 1879967
references: Int J Cancer. 2000 May 1;86(3):425-8
references: 10760833
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2007 Mar;18(2):125-33
references: 17242980
references: Tumori. 2004 Mar-Apr;90(2):175-80
references: 15237578
references: Int J Cancer. 2000 Apr 1;86(1):132-8
references: 10728607
references: Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):277-89
references: 2017213
references: PLoS Med. 2007 Dec;4(12):e325
references: 18076279
references: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Aug 2;98(15):1078-87
references: 16882945
references: Biometrics. 1994 Dec;50(4):1088-101
references: 7786990
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001 May;10(5):439-46
references: 11352852
references: CA Cancer J Clin. 2009 Jul-Aug;59(4):225-49
references: 19474385
references: Int J Cancer. 2006 Dec 1;119(11):2657-64
references: 16991129
references: Lancet. 1999 Feb 27;353(9154):703-7
references: 10073512
references: Int J Cancer. 1990 Jun 15;45(6):1006-11
references: 2351481
references: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2006 Dec;15(6):498-503
references: 17106329
references: Eur J Cancer. 2007 Jul;43(11):1731-40
references: 17596928
references: J Epidemiol. 2005 Jun;15 Suppl 2:S190-5
references: 16127233
references: Nutr Cancer. 2000;38(1):13-22
references: 11341038
references: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009 Jul-Sep;10(3):429-36
references: 19640186
references: World J Urol. 2007 Jun;25(3):285-95
references: 17530260
references: BMJ. 1997 Sep 13;315(7109):629-34
references: 9310563
references: Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(3):313-24
references: 18444165
references: Carcinogenesis. 2001 Jan;22(1):199-202
references: 11159760
references: Acta Oncol. 1988;27(4):323-7
references: 3202992
references: Toxicology. 2002 Dec 27;181-182:79-82
references: 12505288
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;84(5):1177-83
references: 17093172
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Aug;19(6):649-56
references: 18264785
references: IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Man. 1978 May;17:1-349
references: 150392
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Oct;124(4):578-89
references: 3752052
references: Ann Epidemiol. 1993 May;3(3):211-6
references: 8275191
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Feb 1;133(3):230-9
references: 2000840
references: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2001 Oct;10(5):453-8
references: 11711760
references: Int J Cancer. 2002 Mar 10;98(2):241-56
references: 11857415
references: BMJ. 2003 Sep 6;327(7414):557-60
references: 12958120
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr 1;151(7):693-702
references: 10752797
references: Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 2008 Sep;(218):25-36
references: 18815914