title: Heterogeneity of altered cytokine levels across the clinical spectrum of diabetes in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between selected cytokines and diabetes in Chinese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (n=53), latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) (n=250), and type 2 diabetes (n=285) from multiple centers were compared with normal subjects (n=196). We centrally tested serum GAD antibodies (GADAs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, all diabetes types had increased IL-6 and LCN2 (P<0.01), and all four cytokines were increased in LADA (P<0.01). In type 1 diabetes, adiponectin but not hs-CRP was increased (P<0.01), whereas in type 2 diabetes, hs-CRP but not adiponectin was increased (P<0.01). Adiponectin was correlated positively with GADA titer and negatively with hs-CRP (P<0.01 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In China, inflammatory markers are increased in all three major types of diabetes, but probably for different reasons, even in autoimmune diabetes.
authors: Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors: Yufei
authors: Y
authors: Xiang
authors: Pengcheng
authors: P
authors: Zhou
authors: Xiaojue
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Gan
authors: G
authors: Huang
authors: Zhenqi
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Aimin
authors: A
authors: Xu
authors: R David
authors: RD
authors: Leslie
authors: Zhiguang
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
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