title: Stressing zebrafish for behavioral genetics.
abstract: The stress response is a normal reaction to a real or perceived threat. However, stress response systems that are overwhelmed or out of balance can increase both the incidence and severity of diseases including addiction and mood and anxiety disorders. Using an animal model with both genetic diversity and large family size can help discover the specific genetic and environmental contributions to these behavioral diseases. The stress response has been studied extensively in teleosts because of their importance in food production. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a major model organism with a strong record for use in developmental biology, genetic screening, and genomic studies. More recently, the stress response of larval and adult zebrafish has been documented. High-throughput automated tracking systems make possible behavioral readouts of the stress response in zebrafish. This non-invasive measure of the stress response can be combined with mutagenesis methods to dissect the genes involved in complex stress response behaviors in vertebrates. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic basis for the stress response in vertebrates will help to develop advanced screening and therapies for stress-aggravated diseases such as addiction and mood and anxiety disorders.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA. clark.karl@mayo.edu
authors: Karl J
authors: KJ
authors: Clark
authors: Nicole J
authors: NJ
authors: Boczek
authors: Stephen C
authors: SC
authors: Ekker
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Dec;67(4):773-82
references: 11166068
references: Behav Genet. 2006 Nov;36(6):914-22
references: 16752096
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;158(10):1568-78
references: 11578982
references: Behav Brain Res. 2010 Mar 5;207(2):223-31
references: 19836422
references: BMC Dev Biol. 2006 Feb 14;6:5
references: 16478534
references: Physiol Biochem Zool. 2001 May-Jun;74(3):383-9
references: 11331510
references: Dev Dyn. 2004 Oct;231(2):449-59
references: 15366023
references: Hormones (Athens). 2009 Jan-Mar;8(1):7-22
references: 19269917
references: Mar Pollut Bull. 2005;51(8-12):635-48
references: 16154600
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2004 Nov 1;64(2):217-26
references: 15485680
references: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 May;115(1-2):1-8
references: 19429454
references: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 May;34(6):1609-24
references: 19092782
references: Addiction. 2008 Dec;103(12):2045-53
references: 18855807
references: Integr Comp Biol. 2002 Jul;42(3):517-25
references: 21708747
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007 May 15;152(1):30-8
references: 17412342
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995 Jun;98(3):311-20
references: 7628690
references: Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2010 May-Jun;32(3):391-7
references: 20116428
references: PLoS Genet. 2008 Aug 15;4(8):e1000152
references: 18704191
references: Physiol Genomics. 2009 Dec 30;40(1):23-33
references: 19789285
references: JAMA. 1992 Oct 14;268(14):1877-82
references: 1404711
references: J Neurosci. 2006 Dec 20;26(51):13400-10
references: 17182791
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 Jun;10(6):446-57
references: 19455174
references: Physiol Behav. 2001 Oct;74(3):381-9
references: 11714503
references: Dis Aquat Organ. 2009 Dec 22;88(1):69-84
references: 20183967
references: J Physiol Paris. 2003 Jan;97(1):77-86
references: 14706693
references: Psychol Med. 1999 May;29(3):539-53
references: 10405076
references: J Neurobiol. 2003 Jan;54(1):148-60
references: 12486702
references: J Neurosci. 1997 Aug 15;17(16):6463-9
references: 9236253
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct;1141:105-30
references: 18991954
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 Jun;10(6):397-409
references: 19469025
references: Methods Mol Biol. 2006;324:141-57
references: 16761376
references: Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004 Nov-Dec;26(6):857-64
references: 15451049
references: Neurotoxicology. 2009 Jan;30(1):52-8
references: 18952124
references: Genome Res. 2003 Dec;13(12):2700-7
references: 14613981
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2005 May 15;142(1-2):186-92
references: 15862562
references: Development. 1996 Dec;123:37-46
references: 9007227
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003 Dec;36(12):1725-31
references: 14666258
references: Methods. 2006 Jul;39(3):199-206
references: 16814563
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Oct;157(10):1552-62
references: 11007705
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2009 Mar;161(1):62-6
references: 18930731
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4244-8
references: 7753790
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;919:133-47
references: 11083105
references: Brain Behav Evol. 2001 Apr;57(4):214-24
references: 11641559
references: Genes Dev. 1999 Oct 15;13(20):2713-24
references: 10541557
references: Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2008 Feb;24(2):194-204
references: 18065240
references: PLoS Genet. 2007 May 25;3(5):e78
references: 17530925
references: Nat Methods. 2009 Jun;6(6):451-7
references: 19412169
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27
references: 15939839
references: Nature. 1996 Oct 31;383(6603):829-32
references: 8893009
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 10;103(41):15236-41
references: 17015825
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Jun;26(6):702-8
references: 18500334
references: Behav Brain Res. 2009 Dec 14;205(1):38-44
references: 19540270
references: Behav Brain Res. 2010 Apr 2;208(2):371-6
references: 20006651
references: Development. 2000 May;127(9):1953-60
references: 10751183
references: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2008 Feb;83(1):13-34
references: 18093234
references: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;145(2):218-26
references: 17251063
references: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2009;16(5):300-17
references: 19571591
references: Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):386-9
references: 12869766
references: J Fish Biol. 2010 Jan;76(1):86-111
references: 20738701
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Mar;294(3):R711-9
references: 18077507
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 24;104(30):12428-33
references: 17640903
references: Physiol Behav. 2008 Oct 20;95(3):408-12
references: 18671990
references: J Neurosci. 2008 Oct 1;28(40):10102-10
references: 18829968
references: Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2004 Nov-Dec;26(6):725-9
references: 15451036
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1994 May;151(5):707-15
references: 8166312
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7777-82
references: 8755552
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2010 Feb 1;165(3):549-56
references: 19596332
references: Front Neuroendocrinol. 2010 Jul;31(3):307-21
references: 20382177
references: Psychol Med. 2007 Mar;37(3):453-62
references: 17121688
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Nov;1083:111-28
references: 17148736
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2009 Nov;94(1):75-80
references: 19643124
references: Nat Methods. 2009 Apr;6(4):297-303
references: 19270697
references: J Exp Biol. 2003 Jun;206(Pt 11):1779-90
references: 12727999
references: Neuroscience. 2007 May 25;146(3):1109-16
references: 17428610
references: Genes Dev. 1996 Dec 15;10(24):3141-55
references: 8985183
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2009 Aug;10(8):565-77
references: 19584810
references: Mech Dev. 2006 Jul;123(7):513-29
references: 16859902
references: Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;27(4):661-74
references: 15550286
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Oct 1;224(1):72-80
references: 17706735
references: Domest Anim Endocrinol. 1996 Jan;13(1):35-45
references: 8625614
references: Physiol Behav. 2010 Aug 4;101(1):32-9
references: 20385156
references: Nat Methods. 2011 Jun;8(6):506-15
references: 21552255
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 3;106(44):18662-7
references: 19858493
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007 Aug-Sep;153(1-3):392-400
references: 17188270
references: Horm Behav. 2004 May;45(5):324-9
references: 15109906
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999 Dec;32(12):1551-3
references: 10585639
references: Horm Behav. 2004 Apr;45(4):235-41
references: 15053939
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2009 Nov-Dec;164(2-3):142-50
references: 19341738
references: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2009 May;153(1):49-54
references: 19146973
references: JAMA. 2004 Mar 10;291(10):1238-45
references: 15010446
references: J Neurophysiol. 2008 Sep;100(3):1635-48
references: 18562547
references: Arch Intern Med. 1993 Sep 27;153(18):2093-101
references: 8379800
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2008 Sep 15;158(3):234-9
references: 18671977
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917:876-93
references: 11268419
references: J Exp Biol. 2004 Jan;207(Pt 1):15-9
references: 14638828
references: Ageing Res Rev. 2008 Jul;7(3):225-33
references: 18672097
references: Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;17(2):287-99
references: 12787553
references: Methods Cell Biol. 2004;77:91-112
references: 15602907
references: Metabolism. 2008 Oct;57 Suppl 2:S11-5
references: 18803958
references: J Addict Dis. 2007;26 Suppl 1:5-12
references: 19283970
references: Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):348-51
references: 20075256
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2009 Jan;42(1):128-34
references: 19219306
references: Behav Brain Res. 2009 Oct 12;203(1):127-36
references: 19409932
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 31;101(35):12792-7
references: 15256591
references: Horm Behav. 2001 Nov;40(3):419-27
references: 11673915
references: BMC Genomics. 2007 Jan 09;8:11
references: 17212827
references: Behav Genet. 2006 Mar;36(2):271-84
references: 16408248
references: J Neurobiol. 2000 Jun 15;43(4):389-403
references: 10861564
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1187:218-46
references: 20201856
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1992 May;86(2):189-96
references: 1601267
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1992 Jan;85(1):55-61
references: 1563618
references: Int Rev Cytol. 2003;230:89-187
references: 14692682
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995 Jan;97(1):57-65
references: 7713384
references: Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;3(2):168-79
references: 17237843
references: Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2001 Jan;6(1):43-67
references: 11172532
references: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008 Oct 12;363(1507):3213-22
references: 18640915
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Nov 7;92(23):10545-9
references: 7479837
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 8:24-34
references: 12044105
references: Brain Cogn. 2010 Feb;72(1):73-85
references: 19616355
references: Behav Brain Res. 2009 Dec 28;205(2):336-41
references: 19583985
references: Horm Behav. 2008 Sep;54(4):534-8
references: 18632100
references: Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 1991;99(4):593-5
references: 1679695
references: Zebrafish. 2007 Spring;4(1):21-40
references: 18041940
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Jun;26(6):695-701
references: 18500337
references: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2009 Oct;164(1):61-9
references: 19366623
references: Physiol Behav. 2010 Feb 9;99(2):194-203
references: 19419678
references: Physiol Rev. 1997 Jul;77(3):591-625
references: 9234959
references: Behav Brain Res. 2006 Feb 15;167(1):94-102
references: 16213035
references: Psychol Med. 1998 Jul;28(4):857-70
references: 9723141
references: Psychol Med. 1999 Mar;29(2):299-308
references: 10218922
references: Zebrafish. 2009 Mar;6(1):69-77
references: 19374550
references: Front Neuroendocrinol. 2008 May;29(2):273-91
references: 18054070
references: Endocr Rev. 1986 Aug;7(3):284-301
references: 3527687
references: Development. 1996 Dec;123:1-36
references: 9007226
references: Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Apr 7;583(2-3):350-7
references: 18272149
references: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2007 Jan;146(1):78-86
references: 17045829
references: Int J Comp Psychol. 2010 Mar;23(1):91
references: 26456999
references: PLoS One. 2010 Mar 22;5(3):e9797
references: 20339547
references: Behav Brain Res. 2008 Mar 17;188(1):168-77
references: 18054804