title: Performance of a dipstick dye immunoassay for rapid screening of Schistosoma japonicum infection in areas of low endemicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA), recently commercially available in the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), is a rapid and simple test to detect human antibodies against Schistosoma Japonicum. Its performance and utility for screening schistosome infection in low endemic areas is little known. We therefore carried out a cross-sectional survey in seven villages with low endemicity of schistosomiasis in P.R. China and assessed the performance and utility of DDIA for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Stool samples were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz method and the miracidium hatching technique. Serum samples, separated from whole blood of participants, were tested by DDIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6285 individuals aged 6-65 years old participated in this study, with a prevalence of schistosomiasis of 4.20%. Using stool examination as a gold reference standard, DDIA performed with a high overall sensitivity of 91.29% (95% CI: 87.89-94.69%) and also a high negative predictive value, with a mean value of 99.29% (95% CI: 98.99-99.58%). The specificity of DDIA was only moderate (53.08%, 95% CI: 51.82-54.34%). Multivariate analysis indicated that age, occupation and history of schistosome infection were significantly associated with the false positive results of DDIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DDIA is a sensitive, rapid, simple and portable diagnostic assay and can be used as a primary approach for screening schistosome infection in areas of low endemicity. However, more sensitive and specific confirmatory assays need to be developed and combined with DDIA for targeting chemotherapy accurately.
authors: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Feng
authors: Dan-Dan
authors: DD
authors: Lin
authors: Qi-Zhi
authors: QZ
authors: Wang
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Tang
authors: Xiao-Hua
authors: XH
authors: Wu
authors: Jia-Gang
authors: JG
authors: Guo
authors: Rosanna W
authors: RW
authors: Peeling
authors: Xiao-Nong
authors: XN
authors: Zhou
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