title: Blockage of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reduces experimental pleurodesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemical pleurodesis controls recurrent malignant pleural effusion. The mechanism that determines pleural symphysis involves the action of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We assessed the influence of the anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab) on pleurodesis induced by talc or silver nitrate and analyzed the temporal development of pleural angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty New Zealand rabbits received intrapleural injection (2mL) of talc (400mg/kg) or 0.5% silver nitrate. In each group, half of the animals received an intravenous injection of bevacizumab 30min before the sclerosing agent. Five animals from each group were euthanized 7, 14, or 28 days after the procedure. Adhesions and inflammation (scores: 0-4), thickness (μm), vascular density (vessels/field), and collagen fibers (μm(2)) were evaluated in the visceral pleura.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibody anti-VEGF interferes in pleurodesis induced by talc or silver nitrate. Pleural inflammation was discreet with no difference between the groups, regardless the anti-VEGF treatment. Concerning the vascular density of the visceral pleura, a smaller number of neoformed vessels was noted in the animals that received bevacizumab. In the animals receiving silver nitrate, the decrement in adhesions and vascular density was associated with reduced thick and thin collagen fibers, resulting in less pleural thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-VEGF antibody inhibits adhesions between pleural layers. Despite being an experimental study in animals with normal pleura, the results call attention to a likely lack of success in pleurodesis when VEGF blockers are used.
authors: Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil. lisetepneumo@yahoo.com.br
authors: Lisete R
authors: LR
authors: Teixeira
authors: Francisco S
authors: FS
authors: Vargas
authors: Milena M P
authors: MM
authors: Acencio
authors: Sabrina C
authors: SC
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Roberta K B
authors: RK
authors: Sales
authors: Leila
authors: L
authors: Antonangelo
authors: Evaldo
authors: E
authors: Marchi