title: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation: an initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are many emerging techniques using robotic-assisted laparoscopy (RAL) in pediatrics. We performed a retrospective review of our first patients who underwent RAL extravesical ureteral reimplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2007 and May 2010, a single surgeon performed RAL extravesical ureteral reimplantation in 17 patients. Six patients underwent bilateral reimplantation, resulting in a total of 23 ureters repaired. There were 16 females and 1 male (mean age 6.23 years). Four patients had prior Deflux injection. Postoperative reflux status was assessed by voiding cystourethrogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16 patients (22 ureters) were compliant with follow up. Mean follow up was 11.5 months. Mean anesthetic time was 3 h, 57 min for unilateral and 4 h, 45 min for bilateral repair. Complete vesicoureteral reflux resolution was seen in 20 ureters (90.9%), downgrading in one ureter, and unchanged persistent reflux in one ureter. Average hospital stay was 1.3 days. No patients required postoperative catheterization at discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes for new procedures can be variable and unpredictable as the technique evolves. Given the high success rates of open reimplantation, a minimally invasive technique must show comparable results if it is to play a continuing role. Our initial results are encouraging, but prospective analyses are required to outline the future role of RAL ureteral reimplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. dchalmers@resident.uchc.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014567:Urography; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*