title: Variation in quality of care after emergency general surgery procedures in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The elderly (age ≥65 years) comprise an increasing proportion of patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures and have distinct needs compared with the young. We postulated that the needs of the elderly require different processes of care than those required for the young to assure optimal outcomes. To explore this hypothesis, we evaluated 30-day outcomes following EGS procedures in the young and the elderly and determined whether hospital performance was consistent across these 2 age strata.
  
  
  METHODS
  With data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005 to 2008), regression models were constructed for serious morbidity and mortality for all patients undergoing EGS procedures and separately for young and elderly patients. These models allowed for estimation of the risk of adverse outcomes associated with advanced age and the generation of hospital-level observed to expected (O/E) ratios. We evaluated the correlation between hospital O/E ratios for the young and the elderly and the concordance of outlier status (hospitals with CIs of O/E ratios excluding 1) with weighted κ across these 2 age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 68,003 procedures at 186 hospitals, elderly patients had a higher crude and adjusted risk for serious morbidity (27.9% versus 9.7%, p < 0.0001; odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.24) and mortality (15.2% versus 2.5%, p < 0.0001; odds ratio 2.29, 95% CI 2.09 to 2.51). When outcomes for elderly versus younger patients were compared, there was fair to moderate agreement on hospital performance for serious morbidity (r = 0.43; κ = 0.30) but not for mortality (r = 0.10; κ = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients are at substantially greater risk for adverse events following EGS procedures. Hospitals had only slight agreement in mortality outcomes in the elderly compared with those in young patients. Processes of care that may account for this disparity should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA. aingraham@facs.org
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ingraham
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Mehul V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Raval
authors.forename: Clifford Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Avery B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nathens
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004630:Emergencies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology