title: Intermediate-term oncological efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (L-RPLND) for testicular cancer in patients with nodal disease managed without adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients undergoing RPLND were treated laparoscopically. Medical records for 15 patients with pathological stage I and II were reviewed. A modified template dissection was performed laparoscopically. When metastatic disease was noted on intraoperative frozen section, a bilateral template dissection was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had predominantly embryonal carcinoma and/or lymphovascular invasion in their orchidectomy specimen. All patients had normal tumour markers after orchidectomy. Laparoscopic RPLND was performed without intraoperative complications. The mean operative time was 299 min and mean length of hospital stay was 1.5 days. After L-RPLND, two patients were pN1 and five patients were pN2. Of the patients with nodal disease, five (two pN1 and three pN2) were followed without chemotherapy for a mean of 30 months with no evidence of recurrence. Isolated pulmonary recurrence occurred in two patients with pathologic stage I disease, and another stage I patient had recurrence in the lung and retroperitoneum outside the dissection template.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic RPLND appears to be safe while providing the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Although the therapeutic benefit of L-RPLND needs to be confirmed in additional patients and with longer follow-up, our results suggest that L-RPLND provides both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Willie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Hyung L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000601:surgery*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult