title: High resolution crystal structures of triosephosphate isomerase complexed with its suicide inhibitors: the conformational flexibility of the catalytic glutamate in its closed, liganded active site.
abstract: The key residue of the active site of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is the catalytic glutamate, which is proposed to be important (i) as a catalytic base, for initiating the reaction, as well as (ii) for the subsequent proton shuttling steps. The structural properties of this glutamate in the liganded complex have been investigated by studying the high resolution crystal structures of typanosomal TIM, complexed with three suicide inhibitors: (S)-glycidol phosphate ((S)-GOP, at 0.99 Å resolution), (R)-glycidol phosphate, ((R)-GOP, at 1.08 Å resolution), and bromohydroxyacetone phosphate (BHAP, at 1.97 Å resolution). The structures show that in the (S)-GOP active site this catalytic glutamate is in the well characterized, competent conformation. However, an unusual side chain conformation is observed in the (R)-GOP and BHAP complexes. In addition, Glu97, salt bridged to the catalytic lysine in the competent active site, adopts an unusual side chain conformation in these two latter complexes. The higher chemical reactivity of (S)-GOP compared with (R)-GOP, as known from solution studies, can be understood: the structures indicate that in the case of (S)-GOP, Glu167 can attack the terminal carbon of the epoxide in a stereoelectronically favored, nearly linear OCO arrangement, but this is not possible for the (R)-GOP isomer. These structures confirm the previously proposed conformational flexibility of the catalytic glutamate in its closed, liganded state. The importance of this conformational flexibility for the proton shuttling steps in the TIM catalytic cycle, which is apparently achieved by a sliding motion of the side chain carboxylate group above the enediolate plane, is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Biocenter Oulu and Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Rajaram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alahuhta
authors.forename: Petri M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pihko
authors.forename: Rik K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wierenga
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007891:Leishmania / Q000201:enzymology; D018583:Pliability; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013696:Temperature; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D000096:Acetone; C001305:glycidol phosphate; C002417:bromohydroxyacetone phosphate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase