title: Self-efficacy and its influence on recovery of patients with stroke: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of the literature focusing on the influence of self-efficacy and self-efficacy enhancing interventions on mobility, activities of daily living, depression and quality of life of patients with stroke.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is growing evidence for the importance of self-efficacy in the care of people with enduring illness. Therefore, it is important to describe the association of self-efficacy and patient outcomes and the evidence for the effects of self-efficacy interventions for stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were retrieved from a systematic search of published studies over the period of 1996-2009, indexed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, Psychinfo and Embase and focusing on stroke, the influence of self-efficacy and self-efficacy enhancing interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was carried out. Studies were critically appraised and important characteristics and outcomes were extracted and summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen articles were included in the review. Self-efficacy was positively associated with mobility, activities of daily living and quality of life and negatively associated with depression. Four self-efficacy interventions were identified. The evidence for the effects of these interventions was inconclusive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with high self-efficacy are functioning better in daily activities than patients with low self-efficacy. The evidence concerning the determinants influencing self-efficacy and the self-efficacy interventions makes clear how nurses can develop and tailor self-efficacy interventions for the clinical practice of people with stroke. Therefore, it is necessary to further emphasize the role of self-efficacy in the care for stroke patients in the nursing curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Korpershoek
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Bijl
authors.forename: Thóra B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hafsteinsdóttir
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015399:Nursing Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing; D012107:Research Design; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020521:Stroke / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome