title: Exercise training prevents endometrial hyperplasia and biomarkers for endometrial cancer in rat model of type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of gynecologic cancers. The ability of exercise to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in women with type 2 diabetes has been established, but no studies have examined this link in type 1 diabetes.A randomized, controlled animal study was designed using a standard rat model of type 1 diabetes. The goal of this study was to investigate the ability of exercise to prevent increased levels of endometrial cancer biomarkers, estrogen receptor (ERα) and p16, and endometrial hyperplasia associated with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  FORTY FEMALE RATS WERE RANDOMIZED INTO FOUR GROUPS: sedentary control, exercise control, sedentary or exercised diabetic. Diabetes was induced by alloxan injection. A 4-week treadmill training program was initiated with the development of diabetes. Endometrial tissues were evaluated for hyperplasia and ERα and p16 levels and subcellular localization using microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severe diabetes lead to hyperplasia in the endometrial tissue in 70% of sedentary diabetic rats. Exercise-trained diabetic rats and the non-diabetic rats displayed no hyperplasia. The expression of ERα increased significantly (p < 0.02) while the expression level of p16 decreased significantly (p < 0.04) in the diabetic sedentary group compared to the non-diabetic groups. Exercise training led to a reversal in the percentage of p16 and ERα positive cells in diabetic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe diabetes leads to hyperplasia of the endometrial tissue and increased ERα levels and decreased p16 levels in rats, which can be prevented with aerobic exercise.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Diabetes; Estrogen receptor alpha; P16; Endometrial hyperplasia; Endometrial cancer; Exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Jarrah
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matalka
authors.forename: Hasan Al
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Aseri
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohtaseb
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Smirnova
authors.forename: Lesya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Novikova
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stehno-Bittel
authors.forename: Ahed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkhateeb