title: Pregnancy outcomes by intravaginal and intrauterine insemination in 82 couples with male factor infertility due to spinal cord injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our center's pregnancy rates (PR) by intravaginal insemination (IVI) or intrauterine insemination (IUI) in 82 couples with male partners with spinal cord injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male patients with spinal cord injuries and their female partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravaginal insemination and IUI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy and live birth outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 31 of the 82 couples (37.8% PR) achieved 39 pregnancies. Sperm were obtained by masturbation, penile vibratory stimulation, or electroejaculation in 4 men (4.9%), 42 men (51.2%), and 36 men (43.9%), respectively. Intravaginal insemination, performed mostly at home by selected couples, was undertaken in 45 couples, 17 of whom (37.8% PR) achieved 20 pregnancies. Intrauterine insemination was performed in 57 couples, 14 of whom (24.6% PR) achieved 19 pregnancies, with a cycle fecundity of 7.9%. Eighteen and 21 live births occurred by IVI and IUI, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods of IVI and IUI are reasonable options for this patient population. These methods warrant consideration before proceeding to assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. anu.kathiresan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Anupama S Q
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kathiresan
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Teodoro C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Aballa
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lynne
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Brackett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007317:Insemination, Artificial, Homologous; D050498:Live Birth; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult