title: Metabolic and endocrine profiles and reproductive parameters in dairy cows under grazing conditions: effect of polymorphisms in somatotropic axis genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study hypothesized that GH-AluI and IGF-I-SnabI polymorphisms do change the metabolic/endocrine profiles in Holstein cows during the transition period, which in turn are associated with productive and reproductive parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Holstein cows (Farm 1, primiparous cows, n = 110, and Farm 2, multiparous cows, n = 76) under grazing conditions were selected and GH and IGF-I genotypes were determined. Blood samples for metabolic/endocrine determinations were taken during the transition period and early lactation in both farms. Data was analyzed by farm using a repeated measures analyses including GH and IGF-I genotypes, days and interactions as fixed effects, sire and cow as random effects and calving date as covariate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequencies of GH and IGF-I alleles were L:0.84, V:0.16 and A:0.60, B:0.40, respectively. The GH genotype was not associated with productive or reproductive variables, but interaction with days affected FCM yield in multiparous (farm 2) cows (LL yielded more than LV cows) in early lactation. The GH genotype affected NEFA and IGF-I concentrations in farm 1 (LV had higher NEFA and lower IGF-I than LL cows) suggesting a better energy status of LL cows.There was no effect of IGF-I genotype on productive variables, but a trend was found for FCM in farm 2 (AB cows yielded more than AA cows). IGF-I genotype affected calving first service interval in farm 1, and the interaction with days tended to affect FCM yield (AB cows had a shorter interval and yielded more FCM than BB cows). IGF-I genotype affected BHB, NEFA, and insulin concentrations in farm 1: primiparous BB cows had lower NEFA and BHB and higher insulin concentrations. In farm 2, there was no effect of IGF-I genotype, but there was an interaction with days on IGF-I concentration, suggesting a greater uncoupling somatropic axis in AB and BB than AA cows, being in accordance with greater FCM yield in AB cows.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GH and IGF-I genotypes had no substantial effect on productive parameters, although IGF-I genotype affected calving-first service interval in primiparous cows. Besides, these genotypes may modify the endocrine/metabolic profiles of the transition dairy cow under grazing conditions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy Sciences, University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. gruprechter@adinet.com.uy
authors.forename: Gretel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruprechter
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carriquiry
authors.forename: Juan Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Meikle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ana
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D049590:Postpartum Period; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid