title: Neutrophilic airways inflammation in lung cancer: the role of exhaled LTB-4 and IL-8.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent advances in lung cancer biology presuppose its inflammatory origin. In this regard, LTB-4 and IL-8 are recognized to play a crucial role in neutrophil recruitment into airways during lung cancer.Notwithstanding the intriguing hypothesis, the exact role of neutrophilic inflammation in tumour biology remains complex and not completely known.The aim of this study was to give our contribution in this field by investigating LTB-4 and IL-8 in the breath condensate of NSCLC patients and verifying their role in cancer development and progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 50 NSCLC patients and 35 controls. LTB-4 and IL-8 concentrations were measured in the breath condensate and the blood of all the subjects under study using EIA kits. Thirty NSCLC patients and ten controls underwent induced sputum collection and analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTB-4 and IL-8 resulted higher in breath condensate and the blood of NSCLC patients compared to controls. Significantly higher concentrations were found as the cancer stages progressed. A positive correlation was observed between exhaled IL-8 and LTB-4 and the percentage of neutrophils in the induced sputum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high concentrations of exhaled LTB-4 and IL-8 showed the presence of a neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of NSCLC patients and gave a further support to the inflammatory signalling in lung cancer. These exhaled proteins could represent a suitable non-invasive marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Foggia, Via degli Aviatori 1, Foggia 71100, Italy. ge.carpagnano@unifg.it
authors.forename: Giovanna E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Carpagnano
authors.forename: Grazia P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Palladino
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lacedonia
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koutelou
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Foschino-Barbaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001944:Breath Tests; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D007975:Leukotriene B4