title: Valine partitioning and kinetics between the gastrointestinal tract and hind limbs in lambs with an adult Trichostrongylus colubriformis burden.
abstract: Intestinal parasitic infection increases the demand for AA because of increased protein synthesis in the intestine and increased luminal losses of AA, and these increased demands may be supported by increased mobilization of AA from the skeletal muscles. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of parasitic infection on valine kinetics within the gastrointestinal tract and hind limbs of lambs fed fresh forages. On d 1, lambs were given 6,000 stage-3 Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae per day for 6 d (n = 6) or kept as parasite-free controls (n = 6) and fed fresh lucerne (Medicago sativa; Exp. 1) or fresh sulla (Hedysarum coronarium; Exp. 2). On d 48, valine kinetics within the mesenteric- (MDV) and portal-drained viscera (PDV) and hind limbs were obtained by carrying out concurrent infusions of para-amminohippuric acid into the mesenteric vein and indocyanin green into the abdominal aorta (for blood flow), and [3,4-(3)H]valine into the jugular vein and [1-(13)C]valine into the abomasum for 8 h (for kinetics). During the infusions, blood was collected from the mesenteric and portal veins and from the mesenteric artery and vena cava, and plasma was harvested. After the 8-h infusion, lambs were euthanized, ileal digesta were collected, and tissues were sampled from the intestine and muscle (biceps femoris). Tissues, digesta, and plasma were analyzed for valine concentration, specific radioactivity, and isotopic enrichment. In both experiments, intestinal worm burdens on d 48 were greater in parasitized lambs (P = 0.0001 and 0.003). In Exp. 1, parasitic infection increased (P = 0.03) the total valine irreversible loss rate (ILR) in the MDV and PDV. In Exp. 2, luminal ILR of valine in the MDV was reduced (P = 0.01); however, ILR of valine in the PDV was unaffected. Despite these changes within the MDV and PDV, parasitic infection did not affect the ILR of valine within the hind limbs, and valine transport rates were largely unchanged. We suggest that the increased mobilization of AA from the hind limbs that might have occurred in the early phase of inflammation was no longer required when the parasitic infection was established. The MDV and PDV data may indicate that the non-MDV parts of the PDV play an important role in this adaptation, which warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Food, Nutrition Genomics, Food and Bio-Based Products, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand. emma.bermingham@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Bermingham
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McNabb
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tavendale
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014633:Valine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014633:Valine