title: Analysis of global transcriptional responses of chicken following primary and secondary Eimeria acervulina infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Characterization of host transcriptional responses during coccidia infections can provide new clues for the development of alternative disease control strategies against these complex protozoan pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, we compared chicken duodenal transcriptome profiles following primary and secondary infections with Eimeria acervulina using a 9.6K avian intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte cDNA microarray (AVIELA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene Ontology analysis showed that primary infection significantly modulated the levels of mRNAs for genes involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates as well as those for innate immune-related genes. By contrast, secondary infection increased the levels of transcripts encoded by genes related to humoral immunity and reduced the levels of transcripts for the innate immune-related genes. The observed modulation in transcript levels for gene related to energy metabolism and immunity occurred concurrent with the clinical signs of coccidiosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that altered expression of a specific set of host genes induced by Eimeria infection may be responsible, in part, for the observed reduction in body weight gain and inflammatory gut damage that characterizes avian coccidiosis.
authors.affiliation: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: Chul-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lillehoj
authors.forename: Yeong-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Calvin L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Keeler
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Lillehoj