title: Potential forensic application of DNA methylation profiling to body fluid identification.
abstract: DNA analysis of various body fluid stains at crime scenes facilitates the identification of individuals but does not currently determine the type and origin of the biological material. Recent advances in whole genome epigenetic analysis indicate that chromosome pieces called tDMRs (tissue-specific differentially methylated regions) show different DNA methylation profiles according to the type of cell or tissue. We examined the potential of tissue-specific differential DNA methylation for body fluid identification. Five tDMRs for the genes DACT1, USP49, HOXA4, PFN3, and PRMT2 were selected, and DNA methylation profiles for these tDMRs were produced by bisulfite sequencing using pooled DNA from blood, saliva, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal fluid. The tDMRs for DACT1 and USP49 showed semen-specific hypomethylation, and the tDMRs for HOXA4, PFN3, and PRMT2 displayed varying degrees of methylation according to the type of body fluid. Preliminary tests using methylation-specific PCR for the DACT1 and USP49 tDMRs showed that these two markers could be used successfully to identify semen samples including sperm cells. Body fluid-specific differential DNA methylation may be a promising indicator for body fluid identification. Because DNA methylation profiling uses the same biological source of DNA for individual identification profiling, the determination of more body fluid-specific tDMRs and the development of convenient tDMR analysis methods will facilitate the broad implementation of body fluid identification in forensic casework.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea. hylee192@yuhs.ac
authors.forename: Hwan Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myung Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ajin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ja Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Woo Ick
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kyoung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D001769:Blood; D001826:Body Fluids; D003415:Crime; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D053803:Forensic Genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051304:Profilins / Q000235:genetics; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D012463:Saliva; D012661:Semen; D014157:Transcription Factors; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000235:genetics; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C491683:DACT1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051304:Profilins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C571993:USP49 protein, human; C073547:HOXA4 protein, human; C077013:PRMT2 protein, human; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase