title: Fundamental movement skills and self-concept of children who are overweight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in fundamental movement skills and self-perceptions of physical ability and physical appearance of overweight and non-overweight children were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight (n = 89, mean age = 8.75 ± 1.4 years, BMI z-score = 2.22, SD = 0.46, 46% male) and non-overweight (n = 27, mean age = 8.25 ± 1.5 years, BMI z-score = 0.03, SD = 0.73, 62.1% male) participants enrolled in the KOALA (Kinder Overweight Activity Lifestyle Actions) project were included. The overall objective of the KOALA project was to determine in a randomized controlled trial the effect of a Triple P (Positive Parenting Program), and a family 'Eat Well Be Active' Scouts Camp program on BMI in overweight children. Baseline between-group differences on measures of fundamental movement skills and self-concept perceptions were analyzed using independent samples t-tests. Relationships between BMI and these variables were investigated with multiple linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overweight children had lower scores on Bruninks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Performance-2 subtests (Bilateral Coordination, Upper Limb Coordination, Strength, Balance, and Running Speed and Agility), and Physical abilities self-concept than non-overweight children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who were overweight had significant fundamental movement skill difficulties, as well as having poorer Physical abilities self-concept perceptions compared to non-overweight children. The association between increasing BMI and poor performance of gross motor tasks has potential implications for physical activity participation. Future research is needed to determine if fundamental movement skill difficulties and low physical ability self-concept are predisposing factors for children who are overweight or associated outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Division of Occupational Therapy, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia. a.poulsen@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Anne A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Desha
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziviani
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Annabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heaslop
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Leong
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D053580:Muscle Strength; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D050177:Overweight / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016487:Parenting; D004856:Postural Balance; D011793:Queensland; D012420:Running; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome