title: Evaluation of water-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion and microemulsion as potential adjuvants for immunization with rabies antigen.
abstract: Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions and microemulsions have been studied as potential candidates to be formulated as adjuvants. In this work their application as adjuvants for rabies virus immunization was studied. The humoral response, the effective dose 50 and histology for the developed formulations were evaluated in mice and compared with those from traditional adjuvants. The microemulsion and W/O/W multiple emulsion adjuvants developed were able to induce humoral response in mice and the serum showed good in vivo protection. Compared to the other adjuvants evaluated, microemulsion was shown to be the best candidate for rabies immunization as it presented good potency against the virus and did not appear to cause any local reaction.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Research Department, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sophie Yvette
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.forename: Roberta Márcia Marques
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Ludmila Branco
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Patrícia Cota
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Tatiane Campos
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: João Gomes
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: João Gabriel Toledo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seniuk
authors.forename: Rogéria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serakides
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva-Cunha
authors.forename: Sílvia Ligório
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fialho
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004655:Emulsions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D051379:Mice; D009821:Oils; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D014867:Water