title: Islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic islets from type 1 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Islet amyloid polypeptide is originally isolated as the chief constituent of amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetic islets. Islet amyloid polypeptide hyposecretion was known in type 1 diabetics and this study aimed to detect possibly reduced islet amyloid polypeptide-positive cells in type 1 diabetic islets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-diabetic control islets showed about 60% of islet cells were insulin cells, and 60% of insulin cells were positive for IAPP. In type 1 diabetic islets, islets were generally smaller than control islets, consisting of weaker positive cells for insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide. Medium-sized islets still retained some insulin positive cells, whereas islet amyloid polypeptide positive cells were much less or even absent, but some insulin-negative cells were weakly islet amyloid polypeptide positive. An occasional extra-large islet, representing regenerating islets, consisting of more than 100 islet cells revealed less than 35% insulin and 20% islet amyloid polypeptide positive cells with relatively increased glucagon and somatostatin cells. Both normal and type 1 diabetic islets revealed scattered, densely insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide positive sickle-shaped cytoplasm without granular appearance, consistent with degenerating insulin cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using commercially available rabbit anti-islet amyloid polypeptide antibody, immunostaning was performed on ten cases of type 1 diabetic pancreata and eight non-diabetic controls. Both control and type 1 diabetic pancreata were systematically immunostained for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and islet amyloid polypeptide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Control islets consisted of about 60% insulin cells, and about 34% of islet cells were amyloid polypeptide positive with scattered and densely positive for insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide without granular appearance, consistent with degenerating β cells. All islets, including occasional extra-large islets from type 1 diabetics, showed less insulin cells and less islet amyloid polypeptide positive cells with twice increased glucagon and somatostatin cells of the control islets, but some insulin-negative cells were positive for islet amyloid polypeptide, suggesting the presence of islet amyloid polypeptide in degenerating and extra-large regenerating islets. Thus, this immunocytochemical staining revealed generally less islet amyloid positive cells in type 1 diabetic islets, corresponding to severe hyposecretion of islet amyloid polypeptide in type 1 diabetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Bioscience, Oregon National Primate Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. tomitat@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D050416:Glucagon-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012038:Regeneration; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism; D019864:Somatostatin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D013004:Somatostatin; D005934:Glucagon