title: Prevention of buccal mucosa scarring with transforming growth factor β3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the treatment of tumorous diseases, scarring often forms after resection or irradiation. Scarring of the buccal mucosa causes difficulty in opening the mouth and mastication, decreasing quality of life. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β3 is an isoform of TGFβ1 that is known to accelerate scarring, although it has different effects on wound healing. TGFβ3 administration into wounds has been associated with improvement in the quality of healing skin in vivo. TGFβ3 is also considered to be an important anti-scarring factor in buccal mucosa. The present study aimed to examine whether TGFβ3 is effective for prevention and treatment of buccal mucosa scarring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study using an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were involved in this study. We injected 0.5 mL of TGFβ3 (0.005 μg/mL, 0.05 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL) or saline was injected into the buccal submucosa. Fifteen minutes after the injection, the mucosa was removed down to the masseter muscle or orbicularis oris muscle layer using a 6-mm biopsy punch. Six weeks after the operation, the buccal mucosae were harvested after euthanasia. Morphologic and histologic examinations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of 0.5 μg/mL TGFβ3 induced rapid re-epithelialization and suppressed scar formation. In the submucosal layer, favorable restoration of hyaluronic acid and elastin was seen in the TGFβ3-treated groups compared to the saline-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGFβ3 is considered to be effective for better restoration of extracellular matrices of injured buccal mucosa, suggesting a preventative effect of buccal mucosa scarring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanemaru
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tateya
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitani
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Juichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3