title: Treating primary insomnia: clinical effectiveness and predictors of outcomes on sleep, daytime function and health-related quality of life.
abstract: Primary insomnia, as defined by DSM-IV-TR, refers to a persistent sleep disturbance which is not connected to a current psychiatric or physical condition, but significantly impairs social and occupational functioning. This study explored the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-i) on sleep, daytime functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Next, we investigated which factors predicted positive treatment outcome by examining demographics, insomnia characteristics, baseline levels of daytime function, HRQoL, sleep-disruptive beliefs and psychological health on post-treatment sleep quality, daytime function and HRQoL. 138 consecutive primary insomnia patients completed questionnaires pre- and post-treatment and at 6 months follow-up. After CBT-i, robust clinical improvements were observed in sleep, daytime function and HRQoL, regardless of age, gender, type or duration of the complaint. Patients with pre-treatment severe insomnia, pronounced daytime impairment and low psychological well-being benefited most.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Leuven University Centre for Sleep/Wake Disturbances, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium. Liesbet.vanhoudenhove@uzleuven.be
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Houdenhove
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buyse
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabriëls
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Van den Bergh
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult