title: Genetic structure of landraces in foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) revealed with transposon display and interpretation to crop evolution of foxtail millet.
abstract: Although the origin and domestication process of foxtail millet (Setaria italica subsp. italica (L.) P. Beauv.) has been studied by several groups, the issue is still ambiguous. It is essential to resolve this issue by studying a large number of accessions with sufficient markers covering the entire genome. Genetic structures were analyzed by transposon display (TD) using 425 accessions of foxtail millet and 12 of the wild ancestor green foxtail (Setaria italica subsp. viridis (L.) P. Beauv.). We used three recently active transposons (TSI-1, TSI-7, and TSI-10) as genome-wide markers and succeeded in demonstrating geographical structures of the foxtail millet. A neighbor-joining dendrogram based on TD grouped the foxtail millet accessions into eight major clusters, each of which consisted of accessions collected from adjacent geographical areas. Eleven out of 12 green foxtail accessions were grouped separately from the clusters of foxtail millet. These results indicated strong regional differentiations and a long history of cultivation in each region. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between foxtail millet and green foxtail and suggest a monophyletic origin of foxtail millet domestication.
authors.affiliation: a Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Kazuo N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawase
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001208:Asia; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005060:Europe; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D032983:Setaria Plant / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D013214:Starch Synthase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005819:Genetic Markers; D010940:Plant Proteins; C060756:waxy protein, plant; D013214:Starch Synthase