title: IBD-related carcinoma and lymphoma.
abstract: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Risk factors are extent and severity of colonic inflammation, concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis, and a positive family history of sporadic CRC. The chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and hypermethylation pathways form the molecular background of IBD-related carcinogenesis, which is not different from sporadic CRC. The dysplasia-carcinoma sequence of IBD-related colorectal carcinogenesis makes patients suitable for endoscopic surveillance. In the future, new molecular biomarkers and endoscopic techniques may improve early detection of precursor lesions of IBD-related CRC. The potential of aminosalicylates and ursodeoxycholic acid as chemopreventive agents needs to be studied in randomized clinical trials. Patients with IBD who are being treated with thiopurines have a slightly increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disorders, whereas patients with small bowel Crohn's disease have a high relative risk and a small absolute risk of developing small bowel adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M H
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Claessen
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Siersema
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Vleggaar
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000502:physiology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents