title: Urologic surgical simulation: an endoscopic bladder model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the explosion of endoscopic techniques in urology as well as the increasing work restrictions with resident duty hours, training programs are faced with the challenges of how to adequately train residents while still being proficient and safe in the operating room. Surgical simulation with models is an excellent tool to help bridge the gap between practice and experience and allow residents to learn basic skills in a low stress environment that can be later transferred to the operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a high-fidelity endoscopic boar bladder model for first-year urology resident training in preparation for real-time experience in the operating room.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The boar bladder model held up for the residents to complete six separate tasks. In each of the six assigned tasks, both residents had a percent improvement ranging from 13% to 97% when comparing an average of the first attempts with the final attempt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel simulation model we describe demonstrates is a high-fidelity tissue surrogate that can be used for simulation training for improvement in core urologic skills by novice residents. This model may be a useful tool in documenting proficiency-based competence of cystoscopic skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Grimsby.Gwen@Mayo.edu
authors.forename: Gwen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Grimsby
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: Bhavesh M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Mitchell R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Humphreys
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface