title: Neural regulation of bone, marrow, and the microenvironment.
abstract: Bone marrow niches are specialized microenvironments comprising a heterogeneous population of cells that support and regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Considerable advances made in the field of hematopoiesis reveal a cross talk between cells, cytokines and neurotransmitters of the hematopoietic, immune and skeletal systems. Dynamic modulation and regulation of stem cells and their niches in response to internal and external stimuli are essential for homeostasis, host defense and repair. This review presents evidence to substantiate stem cell regulation via the "brain-bone-blood triad" beginning at the embryonic stage and continuing to adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canaani
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kollet
authors.forename: Tsvee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lapidot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000502:physiology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009420:Nervous System / Q000196:embryology*; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena