title: Modulated FT-Raman Fiber-Optic Spectroscopy:  A Technique for Remotely Monitoring High-Temperature Reactions in Real-Time.
abstract: A modification to a commercial FT-Raman spectrometer is presented for the elimination of thermal backgrounds in FT-Raman spectra. The modification involves the use of a mechanical chopper to modulate the CW laser, remote collection of the signal via fiber optics, and connection of a dual-phase digital signal processor lock-in amplifier between the detector and the spectrometer's collection electronics to demodulate and filter the optical signals. The resulting modulated FT-Raman fiber-optic spectrometer is capable of completely eliminating thermal backgrounds at temperatures exceeding 370 °C. In addition, the signal/noise of generated Raman spectra is greater than for spectra collected with the conventional FT-Raman under identical conditions and incident laser power. This is true for both room-temperature and hot samples. The method allows collection of data using preexisting spectrometer software. The total cost of the modification (excluding fiber optics) is ∼$3000 and requires less than 2 h to implement. This is the first report of FT-Raman spectra collected at temperatures in excess of 300 °C in the absence of thermal backgrounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Jensen