title: Apelin and insulin resistance: another arrow for the quiver?
abstract: Apelin is a newly discovered peptide hormone that has recently been linked to insulin resistance and obesity. Data collected from both the clinical and basic research settings show that apelin: (i) is correlated with the states of insulin resistance and obesity; (ii) stimulates glucose utilization; (iii) decreases insulin secretion; and (iv) negatively regulates catecholamine-mediated lipolysis. These and other lines of evidence demonstrate that apelin may be a potentially viable candidate in the search for treatments for Type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome). The present review summarizes the literature on the regulation by apelin of glucose and lipid metabolism and the signaling pathways involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yue
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000073861:Apelin; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008066:Lipolysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; D000073861:Apelin; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D005947:Glucose