title: Procedural pain management: a position statement with clinical practice recommendations.
abstract: The American Society for Pain Management Nursing (ASPMN) has developed a position statement and clinical practice recommendations related to procedural preparation and comfort management. Procedures potentially produce pain and anxiety, both of which should be assessed and addressed before the procedure begins. This position statement refers to "comfort management" as incorporating the management of pain, anxiety, and any other discomforts that may occur with procedures. It is the position of ASPMN that nurses and other health care professionals advocate and intervene based on the needs of the patient, setting, and situation, to provide optimal comfort management before, during, and after procedures. Furthermore, ASPMN does not condone procedures being performed without the implementation of planned comfort assessment and management. In addition to outlining this position with supporting evidence, this paper reviews the ethical considerations regarding procedural comfort management and provides recommendations for nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management during all phases of the procedure. An appendix provides a summary of this position statement and clinical practice recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Jane B. Pettit Pain and Palliative Care Center, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA. mczarnecki@chw.org
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Czarnecki
authors.forename: Helen N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Patricia Manda
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Darcy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doellman
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wrona
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012956:Societies, Nursing / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal