title: Impact of Parent-Provided Distraction on Child Responses to an IV Insertion.
abstract: This study evaluates the impact of parent-provided distraction on children's responses (behavioral, physiological, parent, and self-report) during an IV insertion. Participants were 542 children, 4 to 10 years old, randomized to an experimental group that received a parent distraction coaching intervention or to routine care. Experimental group children had significantly less cortisol responsivity (p = .026). Children that received the highest level of distraction coaching had the lowest distress on behavioral, parent report, and cortisol measures. When parents provide a higher frequency and quality of distraction, children have lower distress responses on most measures.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleiber
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
authors.forename: M Bridget
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Westhus
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allen