title: Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in selected countries of Central Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper analyzes the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the Slovak (SR) and Czech (CR) Republics (as Central European countries with population-based cancer registries) before and after the introduction of PSA testing, the possible reasons for any differences disclosed, and compares the results with selected regions and countries around the world.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In SR, the age-adjusted incidence of prostate cancer rose from 14.6/100,000 in 1968 to 36.2/100,000 in 2005. The estimated annual increase of incidence from 1968 to 1991 (before nation-wide PSA testing) was 0.421 and 1991-2003 it reached 0.941. The mortality rates rose from 7.3/100,000 in 1968 to 14.9/100,000 in 2005. The increase in incidence occurred faster in CR than in SR, from 15.8/100,000 in 1977 to 59.5/100,000 in 2005. The estimated annual increase of incidence in CR in 1977-1991 was 0.581,while in 1991-2003 it reached 1.981. Before 1991, mortality rose more sharply in CR than in SR while after the introduction of PSA testing mortality stabilized more quickly in the CR than in SR. In SR a significant reduction of mortality was observed after 2002 and is probably affected by more factors than those associated with the increase in PSA testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The difference in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in SR and in CR results from a difference in the intensity of PSA testing as well as from the earlier introduction of effective treatment in CR.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Martina.Ondrusova@savba.sk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ondrusova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muzik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kliment
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gulis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ondrus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen