title: Factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in Taiwanese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The original study of Radloff (Appl Psychol Meas. 1977. 1:385-401) on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) indicated a 4-factor model in the adult population. However, the factor structure of the CES-D in Asian adolescents has not been extensively validated. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Chinese version of the CES-D in a large representative Taiwanese adolescent population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 116 adolescents completed the Chinese version of the CES-D. We used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the adequacy of 5 models of the factor structure in adolescents who were divided into 4 groups by sex and age. We also enrolled the variables of suicide tendency, insomnia, and peer relationships into the confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of the CES-D and examined the correlations between the CES-D factors and these variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study indicated that the four-factor model (depressed affect, somatic symptoms, interpersonal problems, and positive affect) had the highest validity in Taiwanese adolescents. We also found that although the 4 factors of the CES-D were correlated with each other, their correlations with suicide tendency, insomnia, and peer relationships were different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supported the usefulness of the Chinese version of the CES-D as a tool to understand the concept of depression in Taiwanese adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Ju-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology