title: Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a potential biomarker for hepatitis B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Function exertion of specific proteins are key factors in disease progression, thus the systematical identification of those specific proteins is a prerequisite to understand various diseases. Though many proteins have been verified to impact on hepatitis, no systematical protein screening has been documented to hepatitis B virus (HBV) induced hepatitis, hindering the comprehensive understanding to this severe disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the major proteins in the progression of HBV infection from mild stage to severe stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an integrated strategy by combining two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis, and tissue microarray techniques to screen the functional proteins and detect the localization of those proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interestingly, MS/MS identification revealed the expression level of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) was significantly elevated in serum samples from patients with severe chronic hepatitis. Immunoblotting with a specific AAT antibody confirmed that AAT is highly expressed in serum samples from patients with hepatic carcinoma and severe chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, we observed that AAT is with highest expression in normal tissue and cells, but lowest in hepatic carcinoma and severe chronic hepatitis tissues and cells, suggesting the specific secretion of AAT from tissues and cells to serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the possibility of AAT as a potential biomarker for hepatitis B in diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xu-fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Shan-shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C043392:SERPINA1 protein, human; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin