title: Notoginsenoside ST-4 inhibits virus penetration of herpes simplex virus in vitro.
abstract: Further study on steam-treated notoginseng, the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae), which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine that is used both in raw and treated forms for a long time, led to the isolation of a new dammarane-type saponin, namely notoginsenoside ST-4. Its structure was elucidated to be 3β,12β,20(S)-tri-hydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glu-copyranoside, based on the detailed analyses of the 1D and 2D NMR spectral data and acidic hydrolysis. Notoginsenoside ST-4 was investigated for its antiviral activity on herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro. The 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) values, determined by plaque reduction assay, were 16.47 ± 0.67 and 19.44 ± 1.16 μM for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, whereas the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC(50)) determined by the XTT test on Vero cells was 510.64 ± 4.56 μM. As analyzed by attachment assay and penetration assay based on plaque reduction assay, the antiviral activity of notoginsenoside ST-4 was principally due to the penetration inhibition effects, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy observation that notoginsenoside ST-4 blocked the penetration of virus. Therefore, notoginsenoside ST-4 might be a promising agent for herpes simplex virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Peng-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Zhen-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chong-Ren
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kaio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitazato
authors.forename: Yi-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C560686:notoginsenoside ST-4