title: [Establishment of acute pulmonary edema model induced by high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the rats model of acute pulmonary edema induced by inhalation of high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
  
  
  METHODS
  38 SD rats were divided into the experimental group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 8). 30 rats in the experimental group were exposed to (6747.47 ± 25.24) mg/m(3) NO2 in the exposure system. At the time point of 6, 12, 18, 24 h, chest X-ray examination was taken for the experimental group. And at each time point, 6 rats were sacrificed after taking blood samples. After sacrificing, the lung of rats was taken for pathological examination and calculated lung wet/dry weight ratio. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration of blood samples were detected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute pulmonary edema was successfully induced by exposure to NO2 in 30 rats within 24 hours. There were some cloudy shadows without clear edge on the chest X-ray. To the time point of 12 hours, shadows combined with each other, and to the time point of 18 hours, the whole lung became "white" on the X-ray. The situation stabilized but not improved at the time point of 24 hours. HE staining of the lung tissue showed that to the time point of 6 hours, the alveolar gap increased and small amount of eosinophilic liquid leaked into alveolar. To the time point of 12 hours, alveolar combined with each other and eosinophilic liquid increased in amount. To the time point of 18 hours, the whole alveolar was filled with eosinophilic liquid and the situation stabilized till the time point of 24 hours. Wet/dry weight ratio of the experimental group at each time point were 5.6 ± 0.20, 6.89 ± 0.25, 8.03 ± 0.47, 7.81 ± 0.45. There was significant difference compared with the control group which was 4.72 ± 0.06 (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference between 12, 18, 24 h and 6 h time points (P < 0.01). Moreover, statistical difference was observed between 18, 24 h and 12 h time points for wet/dry weight ratio (P < 0.01). The erythrocyte SOD activity reduced significantly. Compared with the control group, there was a statistical difference (P < 0.01) at each time point. After exposure of 18 and 24 hours, plasma ANP concentration (136.66 ± 35.37) and (134.10 ± 60.41) ng/ml respectively, which were higher than (31.31 ± 13.06) ng/ml of control group and (34.71 ± 13.42) ng/ml of 6 hours time point and (47.98 ± 7.86) ng/ml. The differences were significant (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High concentrations of NO2 can induce acute pulmonary edema model successfully in SD rats.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yan-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Xun-miao
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dao-yuan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide