title: Immunological regulation of trophoblast invasion.
abstract: In investigating the immunological regulation of trophoblast invasion, emphasis is frequently placed on the constitution of the implantation site and its specific characteristics. However trophoblast cells are able of invading into not only the uterine tissue, but in the case of ectopic pregnancies also invade into other tissues, where they are actively involved in the creation of a beneficial local environment by expressing a range of membrane bound and soluble factors. The similarities and differences in trophoblast invasion in uterine and tubal pregnancies concerning trophoblast cells and maternal leukocytes and their interaction with each other are discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/7, A-8010, Graz, Austria. astrid.hammer@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hammer
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D010929:Placentation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000378:metabolism; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I