title: A membraneless gas-diffusion unit-multisyringe flow injection spectrophotometric method for ammonium determination in untreated environmental samples.
abstract: A new design of a membraneless gas-diffusion (MGD) unit coupled to a multisyringe flow injection system is proposed. The spectrophotometric determination of ammonium using an acid-base indicator was chosen to show the feasibility of this approach. Hence, in alkaline medium, ammonium ions are transformed into ammonia (donor channel) which diffuses through the headspace into the acceptor stream (bromothymol blue solution), causing a pH change and subsequently a colour change. The exploitation of the enhanced potentialities of this re-designed MGD device was the main purpose of the present work. Hence, several strategies concerning flow management were studied seeking to characterize and improve the analytical features of the methodology and moreover, untreated environmental samples were analysed without previous filtration. Consequently, stopped flow in acceptor channel with continuous flow in donor channel was chosen for the application to wastewater and spiked river water samples. A linear concentration range between 10.0 and 50.0 mg L(-1) of NH(4)(+), a limit of detection of 2.20 mg L(-1) and a determination frequency of 11h(-1) were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
authors.forename: M Inês G S
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Estela
authors.forename: Marcela A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Segundo
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cerdà