title: Modulation of hemodynamics, endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and pathophysiological changes by Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pressure-overload rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to assess the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on systolic blood pressure (BP), endogenous antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in pressure-overload rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pressure overload was produced in male rats by abdominal aortic banding (AAB) using a blunt 22-gauge needle, as a model of cardiac hypertrophy. After surgery, AAB-induced hypertensive (AABIH) groups were treated with captopril 4 mg and ramipril 10 mg/kg per day p.o. for 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, rats were observed for general characteristics and mortality, non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) and endogenous antioxidant enzyme catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and histological evaluation of target organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the AABIH group a significant increase in systolic BP was observed in week 3 (149.3 ± 0.821) and persisted until week 16, along with lower levels of serum catalase (144.7 ± 2.204) and SOD (12.92 ± 0.4601) activity compared to the control group. Captopril and ramipril treated groups showed a significantly smaller increase in systolic BP (25.47 ± 3.685, 20.21 ± 3.306) and greater serum SOD (27.33 ± 2.338, 28.95 ± 1.143) and catalase (181.7 ± 8.407, 187.9 ± 8.497) activity, respectively, than the hypertensive rats. The histological changes induced in target organs (heart, liver, kidneys and thoracic aorta) in AABIH rats were attenuated in treated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE-inhibition causes an improvement in myocardial antioxidant reserve, reduces oxidative stress, and prevents pathophysiological alterations, while showing a trend for potential target organ protection in hypertensive rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. ghulam.moinuddin5@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moinuddin
authors.forename: Mohammed Naseeruddin
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Inamdar
authors.forename: Kala S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Chanda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002216:Captopril; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D017257:Ramipril