title: Atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis.
abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in humans. It affects 5% of the population older than age 65 years and is projected to rise as the population ages. Experimental data from animal models of AF show that AF is associated with progressive structural and electrical remodeling of the atria. Atrial fibrosis alters atrial electrical conduction and excitability and provides a substrate for AF maintenance. However, whether fibrosis is causally related to AF or an epiphenomenon and the precise mechanisms underlying atrial fibrosis remain unclear. A variety of signaling systems involving angiotensin II and related mediators are centrally involved in atrial fibrosis. This article reviews the role that atrial fibrosis plays in AF, the mechanisms of atrial fibrosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches to AF aimed at attenuating atrial fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. atan@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Alex Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zimetbaum
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004719:Endomyocardial Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1