title: ParaMED Home: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of paramedic assessment and referral to access medical care at home.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Australia approximately 25% of Emergency Department (ED) attendances are via ambulance. ED overcrowding in Australia, as in many countries, is common. Measures to reduce overcrowding include the provision of enhanced timely primary care in the community for appropriate low risk injury and illness. Therefore paramedic assessment and referral to a community home hospital service, in preference to transfer to ED, may confer clinical and cost benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled trial. Consenting adult patients that call an ambulance and are assessed by paramedics as having an eligible low risk problem will be randomised to referral to ED via ambulance transfer or referral to a rapid response service that will assess and treat the patient in their own residence. The primary outcome measure is requirement for unplanned medical attention (in or out of hospital) in the first 48 hours. Secondary outcomes will include a number of other clinical endpoints. A cost effectiveness analysis will be conducted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If this trial demonstrates clinical non-inferiority and cost savings associated with the primary assessment service, it will provide one means to safely address ED overcrowding.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number 12610001064099.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Australia. glenn.arendts@uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arendts
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brightwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012107:Research Design; D014904:Western Australia