title: Bismuth modified carbon-based electrodes for the determination of selected neonicotinoid insecticides.
abstract: Two types of bismuth modified electrodes, a bismuth-film modified glassy carbon (BiF-GCE) and a bismuth bulk modified carbon paste, were applied for the determination of selected nitroguanidine neonicotinoid insecticides. The method based on an ex situ prepared BiF-GCE operated in the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) mode was applied to determine clothianidin in the concentration range from 2.5 to 23 μg cm⁻³ with a relative standard deviation (RSD) not exceeding 1.5%. The tricresyl phosphate-based carbon paste electrodes (TCP-CPEs), bulk modified with 5 and 20 w/w% of bismuth, showed a different analytical performance in the determination of imidacloprid, regarding the peak shape, potential window, and noise level. The TCP-CPE with 5% Bi was advantageous, and the developed DPV method based on it allowed the determination in the concentration range from 1.7 to 60 μg cm⁻³ with an RSD of 2.4%. To get a deeper insight into the morphology of the bismuth-based sensor surfaces, scanning electron microscopic measurements were performed of both the surface film and the bulk modified electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. valeria.guzsvany@dh.uns.ac.rs
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guzsvány
authors.forename: Zsigmond
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zbiljić
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vajdle
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodić
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D019791:Guanidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006146:Guanidines / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D013844:Thiazoles; C506414:neonicotinoid nitroguanidine; C480342:clothianidin; D002244:Carbon; D019791:Guanidine; D001729:Bismuth