title: Antibiotics pollution in Jiulong River estuary: source, distribution and bacterial resistance.
abstract: To gain insight into the antibiotic pollution in the Jiulong River estuary and the pollutant sources, we analyzed the concentration of 22 widely-used antibiotics in water samples collected from the river and estuary, 17 and 18 sampling sites, respectively. Contamination with sulfonamides, quinolones and chloramphenicols was frequently detected and the distribution pattern of antibiotics suggested that most of the pollutants are from the Jiulong River, especially from the downstream watersheds. To reveal the ecological effects, we isolated 35 bacterial strains from the estuary and analyzed their antibiotic resistance to the eight most frequently detected antibiotics. The bacteria were subsequently classified into seven different genera by 16SrDNA sequencing. Up to 97.1% of the bacteria showed resistance and 70.6% of strains showed multi-resistance to these antibiotics, especially to sulfonamides. This study demonstrated a pattern of antibiotic contamination in the Jiulong River and its estuary and illustrated high bacterial antibiotic resistance which was significantly correlated with the average antibiotics concentrations and detected frequencies in the estuary.
authors.affiliation: Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China. zhengsenlin@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Senlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xingguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zhenghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guopei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Hengyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guangda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freestone
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical