title: [Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease events in patients with ischemic stroke].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and risk of cardiovascular disease events (CVD) in patients with ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1087 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled from 5 community-based medical centres and underwent baseline evaluation on risk factors of stroke during the period of Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006. After baseline survey, all patients were followed up until Dec 31, 2008 and new CVD events were recorded. MS was defined using CDS criteria. Proportional hazard models were used to assess the HRs and 95% CI of CVD events associated with MS and other components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MS was 40.4% at baseline. During an average follow-up of 3.5 years, 178 patients developed new CVD events. After adjusted for age, gender, smoking, drinking, marriage status, education level, hospitalization, recurrence of stroke, stroke duration, depression, cognition impairment and ADL, MS remains the independent predictor for the risk of CVD events. Compared with patients with non-MS, the risk of CVD events increased by 44% (HR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.06 - 1.95). The risk of CVD also increased with the number of MS components. Compared with patients with 1 or less than 1 components of MS, the risk of CVD events increased by 30% (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.83 - 2.04) in those with 2 components and by 69% (HR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.11 - 2.56) in those with 3 or more components of MS. Hypertension and hyperglycemia and impaired fasting glucose also served as independent risk factors for CVD event (all P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS was independently associated with increased risk of CVD events in patients with ischemic stroke. There was a dose-response relationship between the numbers of MS components and the risk of CVD event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Xiang-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Li-yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Hong-jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Song-ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology