title: Modulation of leukotriene D4 attenuates the development of seizures in mice.
abstract: The present study has been designed to pharmacologically investigate the effect of Montelukast sodium, a leukotriene D(4) receptor antagonist, and 1,2,3,4, tetrahydroisoquinoline, a leukotriene D(4) synthetic pathway inhibitor, on the pathophysiological progression of seizures using mouse models of kindled epilepsy and status epilepticus induced spontaneous recurrent seizures. Pentylenetetrazole (40 mg kg(-1)) (PTZ) administration every second day for a period of 15 d was used to elicit chemically induced kindled seizure activity in mice. In a separate set of groups, fifty consecutive electroshocks were delivered to mice using corneal electrodes with continuously increasing intensity with an inter-shock interval of 40s. Severity of kindled seizures was assessed in terms of a composite kindled seizure severity score (KSSS). Pilocarpine (100 mg kg(-1)) was injected every twenty minutes until the onset of status epilepticus. A spontaneous recurrent seizure severity score (SRSSS) was recorded as a measure of quantitative assessment of the progressive development of spontaneous recurrent seizures induced after pilocarpine status epilepticus. Sub-acute PTZ administration and electroshock induced the development of severe form of kindled seizures in mice. Severity of kindled seizures was assessed in terms of a composite kindled seizure severity score. Further, pharmacological status epilepticus elicited a progressive evolution of spontaneous recurrent seizures in the animals. However, Montelukast sodium, a leukotriene D(4) receptor antagonist, as well as 1,2,3,4, tetrahydroisoquinoline, a leukotriene D(4) synthetic pathway inhibitor, markedly and dose dependently suppressed the development of kindled seizures as well as pilocarpine induced spontaneous recurrent seizures. Therefore, leukotriene D(4) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of seizures.
authors.affiliation: Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Ashish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rehni
authors.forename: Thakur Gurjeet
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017998:Leukotriene D4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene / Q000378:metabolism*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013440:Sulfides; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D018077:Receptors, Leukotriene; D013440:Sulfides; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D010862:Pilocarpine; D017998:Leukotriene D4; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; C083169:leukotriene D4 receptor; C093875:montelukast