title: Effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet on apolipoproteins B, A-I, and their ratio: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Apolipoprotein (Apo)B, ApoA-I, and their ratio could predict coronary heart disease (CHD) risk more accurately than conventional lipid measurements. Our aim was to assess the effect of a traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) on apolipoproteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-cardiovascular risk subjects (n=551, 308 women and 243 men), aged 55-80 years, were recruited into a large, multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial (The PREDIMED Study) aimed at testing the efficacy of TMD on primary cardiovascular disease prevention. Participants assigned to a low-fat diet (control) (n=177), or TMDs (TMD+virgin olive oil (VOO), n=181 or TMD+nuts, n=193) received nutritional education and either free VOO (ad libitum) or nuts (dose: 30 g/day). A 3-month evaluation was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TMDs promoted beneficial changes on classical cardiovascular risk factors. ApoA-I increased, and ApoB and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio decreased after TMD+VOO, the changes promoting a lower cardiometabolic risk. Changes in TMD+VOO versus low-fat diet were -2.9 mg/dL (95% CI, -5.6 to -0.08), 3.3mg/dL (95% CI, 0.84 to 5.8), and -0.03 mg/dL (-0.05 to -0.01) for ApoB, ApoA-I, and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals at high-cardiovascular risk who improved their diet toward a TMD pattern rich in virgin olive oil, reduced their Apo B and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and improved ApoA-I concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solá
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de La Torre
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: López-Sabater
authors.forename: Miguel-Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arós
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wärnberg
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buil-Cosiales
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Valentini
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Konstantinidou
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapetra
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.forename: María-Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils