title: Emergency use of intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1) for treatment of severe bleeding in a child with chronic cholestasis.
abstract: We present a 5-year-old boy with multiple hematomas associated with chronic cholestasis. A week before admission he suffered minor trauma at day care. The next day he complained of trunk and limb pain and orthopedic consultation, including leg x-rays, revealed no abnormalities. Over the next 5 days multiple hematomas developed over his body and increased in size. In the Emergency Department he was in pain and looked sick but alert. He had fever and tachycardia, with normal blood pressure and respiratory status and physical examination showed several hematomas on the legs, which increased in size during observation in the Emergency Department over 2 hours. Blood work revealed multiple coagulation abnormalities, and International Normalized Ratio was 12. Intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1) was immediately administered with normalization of coagulation abnormalities within 1 hour and the hematomas stopped growing in size. In addition to missing follow-up with the Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, social service agency inquiry found he had not taken his medications for several months. With severe abnormal bleeding and hepatic disease, intravenous vitamin K1 may be lifesaving, even before obtaining confirmatory blood work, fresh-frozen plasma, or blood transfusion.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dana's Children Hospital; and 2Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ichilov Hospital, University of Tel Aviv, Israel; Divisions of 3Pediatric Emergency Medicine; and 4Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glatstein
authors.forename: Dafna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Idan-Prusak
authors.forename: Aiala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yahav
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ovental
authors.forename: Ayelet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimon
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scolnik
mesh_terms: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D006406:Hematoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D010837:Vitamin K 1