title: Fermented garlic protects diabetic, obese mice when fed a high-fat diet by antioxidant effects.
abstract: This study examined the bioactivity of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)-fermented aged black garlic (FBG) on obese mice supplied a high-fat diet (HFD) and its in vitro antioxidant activity. Aged black garlic (BG) exhibits potent antioxidative effects and has been subjected to extensive research. In addition, the bioactivity of some natural products is increased by fermentation. In a preliminary test, this study found that the antioxidant activity of FBG is stronger than that of BG. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the bioactivity of BG would be increased by yeast fermentation and would be a good candidate as a nutraceutical product for improving the oxidative defense systems in older patients or patients affected by various oxidative stresses, for example, diabetes and diabetic complications. To test this hypothesis, the bioactivities of FBG in diabetic and obese mice as well as the antioxidant activity in vitro were examined. After 91 days of continuous HFD supply, the mice showed marked obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and liver and kidney damages. Black garlic and all 3 different doses of FBG showed favorable hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, hypolipidemic, and antiobesity effects compared with the HFD control, but no hypoglycemic effects. In particular, more favorable bioactivity against all 4 HFD-induced diabetic complications was detected in the FBG-treated groups compared with the group given equivalent doses of BG. These findings suggest that the bioactivities of BG can be improved by yeast fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seon-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Sub
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: In Kwon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Woo Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.forename: Young-Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sae-Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005737:Garlic / Q000382:microbiology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D028321:Plant Preparations