title: Metabolic nuclear receptor signaling and the inflammatory acute phase response.
abstract: The acute phase response (APR) classically refers to the rapid reprogramming of gene expression and metabolism in response to inflammatory cytokine signaling. As components of the innate immune system, hepatocyte-derived acute phase proteins (APPs) play a central role in restoring tissue homeostasis. Recently, an intriguing 'metaflammatory' facet of the APR became evident with chronically elevated APP levels being connected to metabolic syndrome disorders. The causality of these connections is unclear but could relate to adverse metabolic and inflammatory disturbances, particularly those affecting lipoprotein properties, cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis. Here we review these aspects with an emphasis on the emerging importance of lipid-sensing nuclear receptors (LXRs, LRH-1, PPARs), in conjunction with anti-inflammatory transrepression pathways, as physiological and pharmacological relevant modulators of the APR.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14183 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venteclef
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jakobsson
authors.forename: Knut R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Steffensen
authors.forename: Eckardt
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Treuter
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear