title: Systemic delivery of NEMO binding domain/IKKγ inhibitory peptide to young mdx mice improves dystrophic skeletal muscle histopathology.
abstract: The activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) contributes to muscle degeneration that results from dystrophin deficiency in human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and in the mdx mouse. In dystrophic muscle, NF-κB participates in inflammation and failure of muscle regeneration. Peptides containing the NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO) binding domain (NBD) disrupt the IκB kinase complex, thus blocking NF-κB activation. The NBD peptide, which is linked to a protein transduction domain to achieve in vivo peptide delivery to muscle tissue, was systemically delivered to mdx mice for 4 or 7 weeks to study NF-κB activation, histological changes in hind limb and diaphragm muscle and ex vivo function of diaphragm muscle. Decreased NF-κB activation, decreased necrosis and increased regeneration were observed in hind limb and diaphragm muscle in mdx mice treated systemically with NBD peptide, as compared to control mdx mice. NBD peptide treatment resulted in improved generation of specific force and greater resistance to lengthening activations in diaphragm muscle ex vivo. Together these data support the potential of NBD peptides for the treatment of DMD by modulating dystrophic pathways in muscle that are downstream of dystrophin deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Reay
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jon F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Watchko
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daood
authors.forename: Terrence L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: O'Day
authors.forename: Khaleel K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Denis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Guttridge
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C514981:NEMO protein, mouse; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010455:Peptides; C085339:apo-dystrophin 1; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase