title: [Reconstruction of complex midfacial defects with individualized titanium implants].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Loss of hard and soft tissue structures of the midface due to resection or trauma is associated with substancial functional and aesthetic deficits. Besides reconstruction of bony contours for preservation of orbit position and facial symmetry, reconstruction often requires simultaneous transplantation of soft tissue flaps for separation of nasal and oral cavities and refilling of soft tissue volume deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  A well-established procedure of our institution will be demonstrated in 10 exemplary patients, in which titanium meshes are customized for individual defect situations using computer-assisted techniques in combination with soft tissue transfer if required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our experience, this procedure provides satisfactory results in functional as well as in aesthetic respects. Especially in patients with loss of bony structures of the orbit and preservation of orbital contents, this procedure forms optimal preconditions for prevention of enophthalmos and diplopia by preservation of the original orbital volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individualized titanium implants should be used more frequently in clinical routine for reconstruction of complex midfacial defects.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- u. Gesichtschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover. kokemueller.horst@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokemüller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von See
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Essig
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tavassol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rücker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Majdani
authors.forename: N-C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium