title: Modified constraint-induced movement therapy versus traditional rehabilitation in patients with upper-extremity dysfunction after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) with traditional rehabilitation (TR) therapy in patients with upper-extremity dysfunction after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized database searches and hand-searches, as 2 main search strategies, were used to collect studies. A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese academic journals full-text database, the Chinese biomedical literature database, the Chinese scientific journals database, and Chinese medical association journals was conducted. Relevant journals and article reference lists were hand-searched. Meanwhile, we searched unpublished trials by using the System for Information on Gray Literature database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only about modified CIMT versus TR for treatment of patients with upper-extremity dysfunction after stroke were identified in this systematic review. Participants included adults age over 18 years with a clinical diagnosis of stroke and met the inclusion criteria of modified CIMT. DATE EXTRACTION: Two reviewers extracted relevant information from included studies according to a date extraction form. The methodologic quality of the included studies was assessed using a quality-scoring instrument, which was a 5-point scale that included a description of randomization, double-blind structure, and withdrawals/dropouts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen RCTs involving 278 patients (modified CIMT/TR=143/135) were included. Meta-analysis showed that patients receiving modified CIMT showed higher scores for the Fugl Meyer Assessment (mean difference [MD]=7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.21-11.38), the Action Research Arm Test (MD=14.15; 95% CI, 10.71-17.59), the FIM (MD=7.00; 95% CI, .75-13.26), and the Motor Activity Log: Amount of Use (MD=.78; 95% CI, .37-1.19) and Quality of Use (MD=.84; 95% CI, .42-1.25) than patients in the TR group. In kinematic variables, patients receiving modified CIMT had a shorter reaction time and a higher percentage of movement time where peak velocity occurred than patients receiving TR (P<.05), while meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in normalized movement time (P=.99), normalized total displacement (P=.44), and normalized movement unit (P=.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review provided fairly strong evidence that modified CIMT could reduce the level of disability, improve the ability to use the paretic upper extremity, and enhance spontaneity during movement time, but evidence is still limited about the effectiveness of modified CIMT in kinematic analysis.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yue X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jin H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ke H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology