title: The three R's of lung health and disease: repair, remodeling, and regeneration.
abstract: All tissues and organs can be classified according to their ability to repair and regenerate during adult homeostasis and after injury. Some exhibit a high rate of constant cell turnover, while others, such as the lung, exhibit only low-level cell regeneration during normal adult homeostasis but have the ability to rapidly regenerate new cells after injury. Lung regeneration likely involves both activation of progenitor cells as well as cell replacement through proliferation of remaining undamaged cells. The pathways and factors that control this process and its role in disease are only now being explored. In this Review, we will discuss the connection between pathways required for lung development and how the lung responds to injury and disease, with a particular emphasis on recent studies describing the role for the epithelium in repair and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4539, USA. mfbeers@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Beers
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Morrisey
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin