title: [The viral acceptor antagonist to entrapment ligand H9 in vitro activeness and the function to human acceptor CX3-CR1].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the activeness of H9 in vitro and internalization and modulation of the surface chemokine receptor CX3CR1 induced by H9, To discuss the influence of H9 on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inhibition by chemotactic peptide on the physiological detection of chemokine induced cell migration activity. Flowcytometry examined the effection of H9 on intracellular calcium. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to determine the quality and quantity of CX3CR1 internalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H9 was able to block the migration induced by chemokine receptor. In the chemoattraction test, H9 was unable to induce the chemotactic movement, and it does not affect the signal transduction and activeness of cells. It was found that H9 could induce internalization with a maximal rate of 70%, at the concentration of 200 ng/mL. The internalized CX3CR1 molecules could recycled to the cell surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H9 makes human CX3CR1 internalize. After internalizing, the CX3CR1 receptor recirculates the cell surface. It does not affect CX3CR1 physiology function. H9 could be used as a specificity anti-virus peptide.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genomic Medicine, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. zm3836zm@126.com
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Han-Xiao
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Xiu-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000187:drug effects*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C411191:US28 receptor, Cytomegalovirus; D014764:Viral Proteins