title: Inflammatory and genotoxic effects of nanoparticles designed for inclusion in paints and lacquers.
abstract: Manufactured nanomaterials are projected to be used on a large scale in paints and lacquers. We selected seven commercially interesting materials: Three titanium dioxide-based (two coated rutile; one uncoated anatase), one carbon black (Flamrüss 101), one kaolinite clay, and two silica products, whereas carbon black, Printex 90, was used as reference material. DNA damaging activity and inflammogenicity (pulmonary cell composition and mRNAs) were determined 24 h after intratracheal instillation of a single dose of 54 μg in mice. Greatest inflammation was induced by Printex 90 and uncoated titanium dioxide. The inflammatory potency correlated with instilled surface area (R(2) = 0.94) but not with material volume (R(2) = 0.17). The coated titanium dioxides induced DNA damage in lung lining fluid cells. The uncoated titanium dioxide was not DNA damaging by the comet assay 24 h after exposure despite being highly inflammogenic. This suggests that inflammation is not a prerequisite to DNA damage in titanium dioxide-based products.
authors.affiliation: The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. ats@nrcwe.dk
authors.forename: Anne Thoustrup
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.forename: Keld Alstrup
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Nicklas Raun
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Renie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Birkedal
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loft
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vogel
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010150:Paint / Q000633:toxicity*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D053260:Soot / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053260:Soot; C009495:titanium dioxide; D007616:Kaolin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium