title: Metabolic and endocrine effects of long-chain versus essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of essential vs long-chain omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in polycystic ovary syndrome. In this 6-week, prospective, double-blinded, placebo (soybean oil)-controlled study, 51 completers received 3.5 g n-3 PUFA per day (essential PUFA from flaxseed oil or long-chain PUFA from fish oil). Anthropometric variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and androgens were measured; oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous GTT (IVGTT) were conducted at baseline and 6 weeks. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in serum triglyceride response (P = .0368), whereas the changes in disposition index also tended to differ (P = .0621). When within-group changes (after vs before intervention) were considered, fish oil and flaxseed oil lowered serum triglyceride (P = .0154 and P = .0176, respectively). Fish oil increased glucose at 120 minutes of OGTT (P = .0355), decreased the Matsuda index (P = .0378), and tended to decrease acute insulin response during IVGTT (P = .0871). Soybean oil increased glucose at 30 (P = .0030) and 60 minutes (P = .0121) and AUC for glucose (P = .0122) during OGTT, tended to decrease acute insulin response during IVGTT (P = .0848), reduced testosterone (P = .0216), and tended to reduce sex hormone-binding globulin (P = .0858). Fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not change with any intervention. Long-chain vs essential n-3 PUFA-rich oils have distinct metabolic and endocrine effects in polycystic ovary syndrome; and therefore, they should not be used interchangeably.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Rogelio U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Almario
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.forename: Kyoungmi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sidika E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Karakas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D007328:Insulin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D013739:Testosterone; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008043:Linseed Oil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid