title: Emissions of unintentional persistent organic pollutants from open burning of municipal solid waste from developing countries.
abstract: Open burning of waste is the most significant source of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in many national inventories prepared pursuant to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. This is particularly true for developing countries. Emission factors for POPs such as PCDD/PCDF, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and penta- and hexachlorobenzenes (PeCBz/HCB) from open burning of municipal solid waste in China and Mexico are reported herein. Six different waste sources were studied varying from urban-industrial to semi-urban to rural. For PCDD/PCDF, the emission factors to air ranged from 3.0 to 650 ng TEQ kg(-1)waste and for dl-PCB from 0.092 to 54 ng TEQ kg(-1)waste. Emission factors for PeCBz (17-1200 ng kg(-1)waste) and HCB (24-1300 ng kg(-1)waste) spanned a wide but similar range. Within the datasets there is no indication of significant waste composition effect on emission factor with the exception of significantly higher Mexico rural samples.
authors.affiliation: POPs Research Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heidelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Gustavo Solorzano
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Gullett
authors.forename: Stellan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marklund
authors.forename: Abderrahmane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touati
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D019049:Developed Countries; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis; D017745:Incineration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls