title: Response of a Lactobacillus plantarum human isolate to tannic acid challenge assessed by proteomic analyses.
abstract: METHODS
  To gain insight on the mechanisms used by intestinal bacteria to adapt and resist the antimicrobial action of dietary tannins and identify targets for tannic acid in Lactobacillus plantarum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A proteomic analysis of an L. plantarum human isolate exposed to the tannic acid challenge was undertaken. Tannic acid targeted proteins involved in outstanding processes for bacterial stress resistance including cyclopropanation of membrane lipids, stress response at population scale and maintenance of cell shape. To respond to this aggression, tannic acid-misfit cells of L. plantarum challenged with tannic acid reorganized their metabolic capacity to economize energy and express proteins involved in oxidative stress defense and cell wall biogenesis, indicating that the injury incurred by tannic acid was based on oxidative damage and disruption of the cell envelope. The induction of 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase, which is sensitive to changes in redox conditions and involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis in other bacteria, suggests for a tannic acid-induced redox imbalance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results reveal the adaptation of a gastrointestinal isolate of L. plantarum to tannic acid and identify antibacterial targets for this dietary compound. This provides the basis for the selection of tannin-resistant microorganisms and their use to obtain health benefits from tannin-containing diets.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Curiel
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Las Rivas
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anglade
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baraige
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zagorec
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Champomier-Vergès
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López de Felipe
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D040901:Proteomics; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D013634:Tannins; C415986:3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate carboxy-lyase; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases