title: Efficacy of an MFGM-enriched complementary food in diarrhea, anemia, and micronutrient status in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a milkfat globule membrane (MFGM)-enriched protein fraction in a complementary food, on diarrhea, anemia, and micronutrient status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind controlled design to study 550 infants, 6 to 11 months old, who received daily for 6 months a complementary food (40 g/day) with the protein source being either the MFGM protein fraction or skim milk proteins (control). Health and nutritional status of infants were examined monthly in the outpatient clinic; product intake, food patterns, and diarrhea morbidity were assessed by home visits twice per week. Hemoglobin and micronutrient status were measured at 0 and 6 months of intervention. Results are presented as the entire group and as 6 to 8 and 9 to 11 months subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 499 infants completed the study. Global prevalence of diarrhea was 3.84% and 4.37% in the MFGM group and control group, respectively (P < 0.05). Consumption of the MFGM protein fraction reduced episodes of bloody diarrhea (odds ratio 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.93, P = 0.025) adjusting for anemia and potable water facilities as covariates. There were no differences between groups in anemia, serum ferritin, zinc, or folate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of an MFGM-enriched protein fraction to complementary food had beneficial effects on diarrhea in infants and may thus help to improve the health of vulnerable populations.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zavaleta
authors.forename: Anne Staudt
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kvistgaard
authors.forename: Gitte
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Graverholt
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Respicio
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guija
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D060766:Drinking Water; D002149:Energy Intake; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008892:Milk; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D005293:Ferritins; D005492:Folic Acid; D015032:Zinc