title: Effect of added calcium phosphate on enamel remineralization by fluoride in a randomized controlled in situ trial.
abstract: Dental products containing calcium phosphate and fluoride are claimed to enhance enamel remineralization over fluoride products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by dental products with added calcium phosphate in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over in situ study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human enamel specimens with subsurface lesions were prepared and inserted into intra-oral appliances worn by volunteers. A slurry (1g product plus 4 ml H(2)O) of each product was rinsed for 60s, 4 times per day for 10 days. Six products were tested (i) placebo, (ii) 1000 ppm F, (iii) 5000 ppm F, (iv) Tooth Mousse (TM), (v) TM plus 900 ppm F (TMP) and (vi) Clinpro with 950 ppm F. Calcium, inorganic phosphate and fluoride levels were measured in post-rinse/saliva samples using ion chromatography. Mineral content was measured using transverse microradiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only TM and TMP significantly increased salivary calcium and phosphate levels. The products produced remineralization in the following order from lowest to highest: placebo<1000 ppm F=Clinpro<5000 ppm F<TM<TMP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinpro was not significantly different to 1000 ppm F whereas TM and TMP were superior to 5000 ppm F with TMP producing the highest level of enamel lesion remineralization.
authors.affiliation: Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Peiyan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Manton
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Glenn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002364:Caseins; C500418:Clinpro Sealant; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D010710:Phosphates; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D014100:Toothpastes; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C020243:calcium phosphate; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium