title: Preconditioning and postconditioning for neuroprotection: the most recent evidence.
abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with perioperative stroke being an important complication in the practice of anaesthesia. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatment options are very limited and often not applicable in the perioperative period. The notion of applying a subtoxic stimulus prior to an otherwise lethal event is termed preconditioning. The main focus of the article is on describing the different concepts of preconditioning, including remote ischaemic preconditioning and anaesthetic preconditioning, as well as postconditioning and summarizing the most recent discoveries in this exciting field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, UHS-2, Portland, OR 97239, USA. fairbank@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
authors.forename: Ansgar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brambrink
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*