title: Activin-A is induced by interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α and enhances the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and protease-activated receptor-2 and proliferation of stromal cells from endometrioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the regulation and the function of activin-A in stromal cells derived from endometrioma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Molecular studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrioma stromal cells (EoSC) were obtained from 28 patients with ovarian endometrioma undergoing laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  EoSC were cultured with inflammatory stimuli or recombinant activin-A, followed by RNA extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activin mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and activin-A concentration of supernatant of cultured EoSC was evaluated by ELISA. Also, the effect of activin-A on EoSC was evaluated with real-time RT-PCR and cell proliferation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammatory stimuli, interleukin (IL) -1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α induced inhibin/activin-βA subunit mRNA and activin-A protein expression in EoSC. Additionally, activin-A enhanced EoSC proliferation and increased the expression of IL-6 and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An in vitro study revealed that activin-A, which is induced by IL-1β or TNF-α, might promote endometriosis by stimulating IL-6 and PAR-2 mRNA expression and increasing the proliferation of EoSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. oyoshino624@hotmail.co.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Gentaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osuga
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C422405:activin A; D028341:Activins