title: Maternal emotional distress in pregnancy and delivery of a small-for-gestational age infant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between maternal emotional distress in pregnancy and delivery of a small-for-gestational age offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study in pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty hospitals with a maternity ward in Norway during 1998-2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight women with a singleton pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were followed from early pregnancy to delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on presence of emotional distress was obtained through self-administered questionnaires in pregnancy weeks 17 and 30 and on birthweight, gestational length at delivery and sex by linkage to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Emotional distress was measured by short forms of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small-for-gestational age offspring (birthweight <2.5th percentile).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Being emotionally distressed at gestational weeks 17 and 30 was not significantly associated with subsequent delivery of a small-for-gestational age infant (adjusted odds ratio 1.16; 95% confidence interval 0.87-1.54). This estimate was adjusted for smoking in pregnancy, parity, diabetes, pre-eclampsia, body mass index, education and maternal age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional distress during pregnancy was not associated with subsequent delivery of a small-for-gestational age infant.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. samantha.s.adams@ahus.no
authors.forename: Samantha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberhard-Gran
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hofoss
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eskild
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*