title: [Opioid analgesics in patients with chronic renal failure: principles for use and current guidelines].
abstract: The treatment of pain in patients with impaired renal function may be problematic, especially when opioid drugs need to be used. In the presence of renal failure, significant changes occur in the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of these drugs, which can lead to adverse reactions due to the accumulation of parental compounds and active metabolites. This paper presents and discusses the available evidence concerning the optimal use of the most frequently employed opioid analgesics to treat pain in patients with renal impairment.
authors.affiliation: Unita' Operativa di Ematologia, Ospedale S. Eugenio, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niscola
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.forename: Gisella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vischini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scaramucci
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrannini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tendas
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cupelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bondanini
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Daniele
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palumbo
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid