title: Effect of reduced exposure times on the cytotoxicity of resin luting cements cured by high-power led.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Applications of resin luting agents and high-power light-emitting diodes (LED) light-curing units (LCUs) have increased considerably over the last few years. However, it is not clear whether the effect of reduced exposure time on cytotoxicity of such products have adequate biocompatibility to meet clinical success. This study aimed at assessing the effect of reduced curing time of five resin luting cements (RLCs) polymerized by high-power LED curing unit on the viability of a cell of L-929 fibroblast cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disc-shaped samples were prepared in polytetrafluoroethylene moulds with cylindrical cavities. The samples were irradiated from the top through the ceramic discs and acetate strips using LED LCU for 20 s (50% of the manufacturer's recommended exposure time) and 40 s (100% exposure time). After curing, the samples were transferred into a culture medium for 24 h. The eluates were obtained and pipetted onto L-929 fibroblast cultures (3x10(4) per well) and incubated for evaluating after 24 h. Measurements were performed by dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium assay. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA and two independent samples were compared by t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that eluates of most of the materials polymerized for 20 s (except Rely X Unicem and Illusion) reduced to a higher extent cell viability compared to samples of the same materials polymerized for 40 s. Illusion exhibited the least cytotoxicity for 20 s exposure time compared to the control (culture without samples) followed by Rely X Unicem and Rely X ARC (90.81%, 88.90%, and 83.11%, respectively). For Rely X ARC, Duolink and Lute-It 40 s exposure time was better (t=-1.262 p=0,276; t=-9.399 p=0.001; and t=-20.418 p<0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that reduction of curing time significantly enhances the cytotoxicity of the studied resin cement materials, therefore compromising their clinical performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. gulfem@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Gulfem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ergun
authors.forename: Ferhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Egilmez
authors.forename: Sukran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000528:radiation effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C433207:Lute-It; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C483701:Rely X Unicem; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate