title: Coagulation abnormalities in children undergoing epilepsy surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgery is increasingly used to treat children with refractory epilepsy. Before surgery, the authors routinely evaluated the coagulation profile to identify coagulation abnormalities not established by personal and family history, physical examination, and routine screening tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine consecutive children undergoing testing prior to epilepsy surgery were prospectively evaluated. The authors evaluated a detailed hematological history and an elaborative hematological panel including complete blood count, hepatic panel, anticoagulant levels, coagulation profile (prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, thrombin time, von Willebrand antigen, ristocetin cofactor, factor VIII, and individual factor assays when indicated) and platelet aggregation studies (in the presence of adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, collagen, and ristocetin). Patient variables included tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), age at epilepsy onset, age at surgery, seizure frequency, number and type of antiepileptic drugs, recent or present ketogenic diet, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten children (25.6%) had either coagulation or platelet function abnormalities. Abnormal coagulation was identified in 5 children, and abnormal platelet function was discovered in 6. A diagnosis of TSC was associated with a platelet function abnormality (p = 0.012), whereas children without TSC had a higher rate of coagulopathy (p = 0.041). None of the other characteristics reached statistical significance. In 2 patients (5.1%) with TSC and platelet aggregation abnormalities, the authors noted normal standard screening laboratory studies and an uneventful detailed personal and family history. One of these 2 patients developed a significant intraoperative bleeding complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A preoperative screening with standard laboratory studies and detailed history may not be adequate to fully examine underlying coagulation abnormalities in children with refractory epilepsy. Platelet aggregation studies should be considered in patients with TSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pacione
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blei
authors.forename: Orrin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Devinsky
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D001791:Blood Platelet Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D057234:Preoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology