title: Carryover of cigarette smoke effects on hematopoietic cytokines to F1 mouse litters.
abstract: Neutrophils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, being recruited into the lung in response to cigarette smoke (CS) inhalation and responsible for the release of proteases and oxidant-producing enzymes, resulting in bronchitis and emphysema. Several hematopoietic cytokines are involved in neutrophil growth and recruitment; however, little is known about the effects of CS on hematopoietic cytokines are transmitted between generations. In the present investigation we evaluate the expression of hematopoietic and proinflammatory cytokines in different organs of female F(0) mice subjected to sub-chronic CS exposure, and in F(1) litters. Virgin female Balb/c mice inhaled either air or air containing CS for 90 days. The specific resistance of the airways (sRaw) was evaluated and, thereafter, the mice were mated with unexposed adult males. The levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein were evaluated in the bone marrow, amniotic fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of F(0) dams at gestation day(14) (gd(14)) and the bone marrow, BALF and lungs of F(0) dams and F(1) littermates at post natal day(21) (pnd(21)). At gd(14), overexpression of GM-CSF, G-CSF and IL-6 mRNA and protein was observed in the bone marrow, amniotic fluid and BALF of F(0) dams. These hematopoietic cytokines were also overexpressed in the lungs of F(1) littermates compared with the control F(1) litters at pnd(21). Lineage-specific hematopoietic growth factors may play an important role in the transmission of neutrophil-associated disease susceptibility across generations.
authors.affiliation: Immunobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Bhushan Pradosh
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Munjal
authors.forename: Shambhoo Sharan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Seikh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raisuddin
authors.forename: Bhola Nath
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor