title: Migration behavior of landfill leachate contaminants through alternative composite liners.
abstract: Four identical pilot-scale landfill reactors with different alternative composite liners were simultaneously operated for a period of about 540 days to investigate and to simulate the migration behaviors of phenolic compounds (phenol, 2-CP, 2-MP, 3-MP, 4-MP, 2-NP, 4-NP, 2,4-DNP, 2,4-DCP, 2,6-DCP, 2,4,5-TCP, 2,4,6-TCP, 2,3,4,6-TeCP, PCP) and heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni) from landfill leachate to the groundwater. Alternative landfill liners of four reactors consist of R1: Compacted clay liner (10 cm+10 cm, k=10(-8)m/sn), R2: Geomembrane (2 mm HDPE)+compacted clay liner (10 cm+10 cm, k=10⁻⁸ m/sn), R3: Geomembrane (2 mm HDPE)+compacted clay liner (10 cm, k=10⁻⁸ m/sn)+bentonite liner (2 cm)+compacted clay liner (10 cm, k=10⁻⁸ m/sn), and R4: Geomembrane (2 mm HDPE)+compacted clay liner (10 cm, k=10⁻⁸ m/sn)+zeolite liner (2 cm)+compacted clay liner (10 cm, k=10⁻⁸ m/sn). Wastes representing Istanbul municipal solid wastes were disposed in the reactors. To represent bioreactor landfills, reactors were operated by leachate recirculation. To monitor and control anaerobic degradation in the reactors, variations of conventional parameters (pH, alkalinity, chloride, conductivity, COD, TOC, TKN, ammonia and alcaly metals) were also investigated in landfill leachate samples. The results of this study showed that about 35-50% of migration of organic contaminants (phenolic compounds) and 55-100% of migration of inorganic contaminants (heavy metals) to the model groundwater could be effectively reduced with the use of bentonite and zeolite materials in landfill liner systems. Although leachate contaminants can reach to the groundwater in trace concentrations, findings of this study concluded that the release of these compounds from landfill leachate to the groundwater may potentially be of an important environmental concern based on the experimental findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey. gvarank@yildiz.edu.tr
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varank
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Selin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Top
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sekman
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akkaya
authors.forename: Kaan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yetilmezsoy
authors.forename: M Sinan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bilgili
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis; D000077215:Clay; D003408:Cresols / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002712:Chlorides; D002733:Chlorophenols; D003408:Cresols; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032538:4-cresol; C030683:2-chlorophenol; D009584:Nitrogen; D000077215:Clay