title: Effects of surgical joint destabilization on load sharing between ligamentous structures in the thoracic spine: a finite element investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro investigations have demonstrated the importance of the ribcage in stabilizing the thoracic spine. Surgical alterations of the ribcage may change load-sharing patterns in the thoracic spine. Computer models are used in this study to explore the effect of surgical disruption of the rib-vertebrae connections on ligament load-sharing in the thoracic spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A finite element model of a T7-8 motion segment, including the T8 rib, was developed using CT-derived spinal anatomy for the Visible Woman. Both the intact motion segment and the motion segment with four successive stages of destabilization (discectomy and removal of right costovertebral joint, right costotransverse joint and left costovertebral joint) were analyzed for a 2000 Nmm moment in flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. Joint rotational moments were compared with existing in vitro data and a detailed investigation of the load sharing between the posterior ligaments carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simulated motion segment demonstrated acceptable agreement with in vitro data at all stages of destabilization. Under lateral bending and axial rotation, the costovertebral joints were of critical importance in resisting applied moments. In comparison to the intact joint, anterior destabilization increases the total moment contributed by the posterior ligaments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical removal of the costovertebral joints may lead to excessive rotational motion in a spinal joint, increasing the risk of overload and damage to the remaining ligaments. The findings of this study are particularly relevant for surgical procedures involving rib head resection, such as some techniques for scoliosis deformity correction.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Spine Research Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. j2.little@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000601:surgery*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D009038:Motion; D012272:Ribs / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D053443:Visible Human Projects; D016474:Weight-Bearing