title: Nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence of renal dysfunction, hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia in AIDS patients with cryptococcal meningitis and on amphotericin B treatment. Secondary objective was to determine all-cause mortality in the same group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy consecutive patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis on amphotericin B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 58.6% of the patients had at least 100% rise in the creatinine level. Thirty eight point six per cent of patients experienced a rise in serum creatinine of at least 50%. Ninty three per cent of the patients developed hypokalaemia and 80% had hypomagnesaemia at trough magnesium level. Only 54.3% of patients completed the intended 14-day treatment. Thirty point five per cent of patients died within the two week follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidences of amphotericin B associated nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia and hypomagnesaemia were high in this studied population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ochieng
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: McLigeyo
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Amayo
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kayima
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Omonge
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D003404:Creatinine