title: Kindlin-2 expression in arsenite- and cadmium-transformed bladder cancer cell lines and in archival specimens of human bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm a microarray study that suggested that Kindlin-2 might play a role in the development and progression of bladder cancer. There has been no previous examination of Kindlin-2 expression in human bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western analysis, and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize Kindlin-2 expression in arsenite (As(+3))- and cadmium (Cd(+2))-transformed human cell lines, their tumor transplants in immunocompromised mice, and in archival specimens of human bladder and bladder cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that the Kindlin-2 expression patterns in the cell lines were not duplicated in the tumor tissues. However, it was shown that Kindlin-2 was expressed in the stromal element of all the transplanted tumors and archival specimens of human bladder cancer. It was also shown that a small number of high-grade invasive urothelial cancers have focal expression of Kindlin-2 in the tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kindlin-2 is expressed in the stromal component of most, if not all, human bladder cancers. Kindlin-2 is not expressed in normal urothelium. Kindlin-2 is expressed in a small subset of high-grade invasive bladder cancers and may have potential as a prognostic marker for tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Sherine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talaat
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somji
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toni
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Xu Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sens
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C477322:FERMT3 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C527802:kindlin-2 protein, mouse; D002104:Cadmium; D001151:Arsenic