title: Insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and renal sodium transport.
abstract: Sodium transport through various nephron segments is quite important in regulating sodium reabsorption and blood pressure. Among several regulators of this process, insulin acts on almost all the nephron segments and is a strong enhancer of sodium reabsorption. Sodium-proton exchanger type 3 (NHE3) is a main regulator of sodium reabsorption in the luminal side of proximal tubule. In the basolateral side of the proximal tubule, sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1) mediates sodium and bicarbonate exit from tubular cells. In the distal nephron and the connecting tubule, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is of great importance to sodium reabsorption. NHE3, NBCe1, and ENaC are all regulated by insulin. Recently with-no-lysine (WNK) kinases, responsible for familial hypertension, stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron, have been found to be also regulated by insulin. We will discuss the regulation of renal sodium transport by insulin and its roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension in insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Hideomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita