title: [Interventional effect of vitamin A supplementation on re-vaccination to hepatitis B virus among rural infants and young children in China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to observe the interventional effect of cod liver oil supplementation on re-vaccination to hepatitis B virus (HBV) among infants and young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 7-36 months old infants and young children, who had been vaccinated with obligatory HBV vaccines routinely by the national technical and administrative procedures for HBV vaccination on children of China, were convened among villages in Linyi, Shandong province, from October 2008 to March 2009. After detection of serum anti-HBV, one hundred children with lower serum anti-HBV were picked out for the randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled vitamin A supplementation study. The children in the intervention group (50 subjects) took 0.5 g condensed cod liver oil (containing 25 000 IU vitamin A and 2500 IU vitamin D(2)) every 15 days for six times. The children in the control group (50 subjects) were given corn oil with same volume. All children were re-vaccinated at the 30th and the 60th day of the experiment. The serum samples were collected from each child at the 90th day of the experiment. Retinol concentration in serum samples was analyzed with HPLC method before and after the intervention. The levels of serum anti-HBs were detected by the electro-chemi-luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total 74 children finished the supplemental experiment and blood collection, 37 subjects in each group, respectively. After intervention, the serum retinol level in the experimental and control group were (404.1 ± 123.1) and (240.8 ± 92.8) µg/L (t = 6.441, P < 0.01), respectively. The serum anti-HBs levels in the experimental and control group were (2737.2 ± 2492.6) and (1199.7 ± 2141.6) U/L (t = 2.846, P < 0.01), respectively. The rate of weak or no-answer case in experimental and control groups was 0.00% (0/37) and 10.81% (4/37) (χ(2) = 4.229, P = 0.040), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that vitamin A supplementation might enhance the re-vaccination reaction against HB vaccine in infants and young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietitian and Nutrition, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, China.
authors.forename: Ai-qin
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhi-xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong-qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhao-guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chun-mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003060:Cod Liver Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active; D007223:Infant; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D003060:Cod Liver Oil