title: Recent advances in the genetics of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Genetic studies have provided valuable insight into the pathological mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD). The elucidation of genetic components to what was once largely considered a nongenetic disease has given rise to a multitude of cell and animal models enabling the dissection of molecular pathways involved in disease etiology. Here, we review advances obtained from models of dominant mutations in α-synuclein and LRRK2 as well as recessive PINK1, parkin and DJ-1 mutations. Recent genome-wide association studies have implicated genetic variability at two of these loci, α-synuclein and LRRK2, as significant risk factors for developing sporadic PD. This, coupled with the established role of mitochondrial impairment in both familial and sporadic PD, highlights the likelihood of common mechanisms fundamental to the etiology of both.
authors.affiliation: NeuroRegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. imarti11@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Valina L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Ted M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy