title: The risk of temporomandibular disorder in patients with depression: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used a population-based retrospective cohort design to examine whether depression is a risk factor of temporomandibular disorder (TMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  From a universal insurance database, we identified 7587 patients who are newly diagnosed individuals with depression in 2000 and 2001. A total of 30,197 comparison subjects were randomly selected from a nondepression cohort. Both groups were followed until the end of 2008 to measure the incidence of TMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of TMD was 2.65 times higher in the depression cohort than in the nondepression cohort (6.16 versus 2.32 per 1000 person-years). The hazard ratio (HR) measured by multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis of TMD for the depression cohort was 2.21 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83-2.66), after controlling for socio-demographic factors and other psychiatric comorbidities. Women had higher risk to develop TMD than men (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.36-1.92 for women without depression; HR 3.54, 95% CI 2.81-4.45 for women with depression).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that patients with depression are at an elevated risk of developing TMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chen-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shih-Ni
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsien-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Shu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morisky
authors.forename: Fung-Chang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult