title: Association between vascular calcification scores on plain radiographs and fatty acid contents of erythrocyte membrane in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular calcification (VC) scores determined by using simple plain radiographic films are known to be associated with coronary artery disease and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has been shown to reduce ectopic calcifications in an animal model, and it has also been shown that erythrocyte membrane omega-3 FA content is an independent discriminator of coronary artery disease. The present study was designed to demonstrate relations between VC scores and erythrocyte membrane FA contents in patients undergoing HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out at an outpatient hemodialysis unit at Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 patients undergoing HD were recruited. Patients with significant malnutrition, a short duration of dialysis (<12 months), a history of recent infection, malignancy, or liver disease were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plain radiographic films of the feet, hands, pelvis, and lateral lumbar spine were examined and VC scores were determined using previously reported methods. Erythrocyte membrane FA contents were analyzed by gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The erythrocyte membrane contents of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were not found to be related with VC on simple plain radiographic films. However, erythrocyte membrane contents of oleic acid and total monounsaturated FA (MUFA) were significantly higher in patients with significant VC scores. Furthermore, erythrocyte membrane contents of MUFA and oleic acid were found to be negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and positively associated with triglyceride level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erythrocyte membrane contents of MUFA and oleic acid were found to be associated with VC scores determined using plain radiographs and with dyslipidemia in patients undergoing HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University, Seo-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Su M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seong E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seon Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hae R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jin Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yongsoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000097:blood; D011859:Radiography; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid