title: Parent-of-origin effects of FAS and PDLIM1 in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested that there may be a parent-of-origin effect for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) candidate genes. The objective of the present study was to investigate parent-of-origin effects using a genome-wide association analysis of the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family-based association analysis for ADHD using 846 ADHD probands and their parents was performed using the PLINK program, and parent-of-origin effects were studied using a Z score for the difference in paternal versus maternal odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing parent-of-origin effects at a significance level of p < 0.001. The most significant SNP, rs7614907, is at position 3q13.33 in the CDGAP gene (p = 0.000064 for parent-of-origin effect). Furthermore, 2 genes (FAS and PDLIM1) showed moderate parent-of-origin effects (p = 0.00086 for rs9658691 and p = 0.00077 for rs11188249) and strong maternal transmission (p = 0.000059 for rs9658691 and p = 0.0000068 for rs11188249). In addition, ZNF775 showed a moderate parent-of-origin effect (p = 0.00036 for rs7790549) and strong paternal transmission (p = 0.000041 for rs7790549).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We only had 1 sample available for analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest several genes or regions with moderate parent-of-origin effects, and these findings will serve as a resource for replication in other populations to elucidate the potential role of these genetic variants in ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614-1700, USA. wangk@etsu.edu
authors.forename: Ke-Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qunyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nagesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aragam
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005220:Fathers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009035:Mothers; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C491901:FAS protein, human; C484572:LDB2 protein, human; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019014:fas Receptor