title: Endogenous soluble receptor of advanced glycation end-products (esRAGE) is negatively associated with vascular calcification in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) accumulate in CKD and may predispose to cardiovascular disease by inducing inflammatory and oxidant stress in the vascular endothelium. Soluble forms of the receptor for AGE (RAGE) may be protective against these effects by binding AGE in the soluble phase. Accumulating evidence suggests a protective role of soluble RAGE against vascular calcification. This study investigates the association between endogenous soluble RAGE (esRAGE) and vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 65 non-diabetic hemodialysis patients, on 3 × 4 h dialysis schedule, and 19 controls. Serum levels of esRAGE, hsCRP, parathormone, lipids, calcium, and phosphorus were measured. Aortic calcification index (ACI) was measured using non-contrast CT of the abdominal aorta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aortic calcification was detected in 64 out of 65 hemodialysis patients. Levels of esRAGE were lower in hemodialysis patients (278 pg/ml, SD 101.1) than in controls (443 ± 109 pg/ml; P = 0.001). ACI correlated negatively in stepwise multivariate analysis with esRAGE (P = 0.002) and positively with hsCRP (<0.0001), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001) and dialysis vintage (P = 0.05); R (2) = 0.65.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of esRAGE were low among hemodialysis patients and correlated negatively with ACI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Kasr El-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. mmnasralla@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nasrallah
authors.forename: Amal R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: El-Shehaby
authors.forename: Noha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nassef
authors.forename: Usama A A Sharaf
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: El Din
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic