title: [Drug prevention of pulmonary embolism in orthopedic practice: traditional and novel approaches].
abstract: We consider in this review traditional and novel approaches to drug prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) which in predominant number of cases is related to deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities. Risk of PE development is especially high in patients after orthopedic hip or knee surgery. Modern recommendations contemplate use of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins, vitamin K antagonists (warfarin in the first place), fondaparinux. Oral direct anticoagulants related to selective inhibitors of blood coagulation factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa have appeared recently and proved their preventive efficacy and safety in randomized controlled studies. Preventive efficacy and safety of dabigatran among direct selective factor IIa (thrombin) inhibitors and of rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban among direct selective factor IIa inhibitors have been studied best.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Preobrazhenskiĭ
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sidorenko
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Batyraliev
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Nekrasova
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D057915:Drug Substitution; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000592:standards; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D035703:Therapies, Investigational; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D014859:Warfarin; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin