title: Duration of hepatic vascular inflow clamping and survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the duration of hepatic vascular inflow clamping (Pringle time) on the survival of patients with any type of liver background (not only cirrhosis) undergoing liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent liver resection between April 2000 and December 2008 for HCC using the Pringle manoeuvre were identified retrospectively from an institutional database and divided into two groups: group 1 had a Pringle time of 60 min or less, and group 2 a Pringle time of more than 60 min. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of postoperative survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 357 patients were enrolled; 242 patients had a Pringle time of 60 min or less (group 1), and 115 patients had a Pringle time of more than 60 min (group 2). Patients in group 2 had a shorter overall survival than those in group 1 (P = 0·010). Univariable analyses showed that type of HCC (primary versus recurrent), maximum tumour diameter, hepatic venous infiltration, platelet count, serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II level, blood loss (700 ml or less versus more than 700 ml), duration of operation (300 min or less versus more than 300 min) and Pringle time (60 min or less versus more than 60 min) were predictive of postoperative survival. Multivariable analysis indicated that only Pringle time was associated with postoperative survival (odds ratio 1·83, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·08 to 3·10; P = 0·024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer Pringle time is an important predictor of shorter postoperative survival in patients undergoing liver resection for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. mm-ishizuka@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000401:mortality; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome