title: Residency time, migration route and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in a Canadian fjord.
abstract: Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts (n = 181) from two rivers were surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters and released to determine migration route, residency time and survival in a 50 km long estuarine fjord located on the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Data obtained from automated receivers placed throughout the Bay d'Espoir fjord indicated that migrating smolts used different routes to reach the outer areas of the fjord. The duration of time that smolts spent in the immediate estuary zone also differed between the two localities (7 and 17 days) although the total time smolts were resident in the fjord was similar and extensive (40 days). Many smolts were resident for periods of 4-8 weeks moving back and forth in the outer part of the fjord where maximum water depths range from 300 to 700 m. Survival in the estuary zone was greater for smolts with prolonged residency in estuarine habitat. Overall smolt survival to the fjord exit was moderately high (54-85%), indicating that the initial phase of migration did not coincide with a period of unusually high mortality.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, P. O. Box 5667, St. John's, NL, A1C 5X1 Canada. brian.dempson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dempson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shears
authors.forename: L M N
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ollerhead
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hinks
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D045483:Rivers; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater; D013997:Time Factors