title: Effect of switching antithrombin agents for primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: the HORIZONS-SWITCH analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the outcomes of switching to bivalirudin after initial administration of heparin in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is frequently administered early in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Whether the benefits of bivalirudin documented in the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial persist in patients previously administered UFH is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the outcomes of the 2,357 patients from HORIZONS-AMI treated with UFH before enrollment according to their subsequent randomization to bivalirudin (switch group, n = 1,178) or UFH plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (control group, n = 1,179).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 30 days, major bleeding occurred in 7.6% of the switch group versus 12.3% of the control group (p = 0.0001). Switch patients had lower 30-day rates of cardiac mortality (1.6% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.04). At 2-year follow-up, switch patients experienced lower rates of major bleeding (8.4% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.0003), cardiac mortality (2.3% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.04), and reinfarction (4.0% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.0002). Two-year rates of definite/probable stent thrombosis were similar in switch and control patients (3.1% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients who receive early treatment with UFH, switching to bivalirudin before primary percutaneous coronary intervention results in reduced rates of major bleeding and improved early and late cardiac survival.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. george.dangas@mssm.edu
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Dangas
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikolsky
authors.forename: Bimmer E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Claessen
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Witzenbichler
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guagliumi
authors.forename: Jan Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Peruga
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möckel
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caixeta
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parise
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin