title: The rat IgGFcγBP and Muc2 C-terminal domains and TFF3 in two intestinal mucus layers bind together by covalent interaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The secreted proteins from goblet cells compose the intestinal mucus. The aims of this study were to determine how they exist in two intestinal mucus layers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intestinal mucosa was fixed with Carnoy solution and immunostained. Mucus from the loose layer, the firm layer was gently suctioned or scraped, respectively, lysed in SDS sample buffer with or without DTT, then subjected to the western blotting of rTFF3, rIgGFcγBP or rMuc2. The non-reduced or reduced soluble mucus samples in RIPA buffer were co-immunoprecipitated to investigate their possible interactions. Polyclonal antibodies for rTFF3, the rIgGFcγBP C-terminal domain and the rMuc2 C-terminal domain confirmed their localization in the mucus layer and in the mucus collected from the rat intestinal loose layer or firm layer in both western blot and immunoprecipitation experiments. A complex of rTFF3, which was approximately 250 kDa, and a monomer of 6 kDa were present in both layers of the intestinal mucus; rIgGFcγBP was present in the complex (250-280 kDa) under non-reducing conditions, but shifted to 164 kDa under reducing conditions in both of the layers. rMuc2 was found mainly in a complex of 214-270 kDa under non-reducing conditions, but it shifted to 140 kDa under reducing conditions. The co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that binding occurs among rTFF3, rIgGFcγBP and rMuc2 in the RIPA buffer soluble intestinal mucus. Blocking the covalent interaction by 100 mM DTT in the RIPA buffer soluble intestinal mucus disassociated their binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rat goblet cell-secreted TFF3, IgGFcγBP and Muc2, existing in the two intestinal mucus layers, are bound together by covalent interactions in the soluble fraction of intestinal mucus and form heteropolymers to be one of the biochemical mechanisms of composing the net-like structure of mucus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yongtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xiaohuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dianchun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Rongquan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D055262:Mucin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D055262:Mucin-2; D009077:Mucins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3