title: Vacuolated Beggiatoa-like filaments from different hypersaline environments form a novel genus.
abstract: In this study, members of a specific group of thin (6-14 µm filament diameter), vacuolated Beggiatoa-like filaments from six different hypersaline microbial mats were morphologically and phylogenetically characterized. Therefore, enrichment cultures were established, filaments were stained with fluorochromes to show intracellular structures and 16S rRNA genes were sequenced. Morphological characteristics of Beggiatoa-like filaments, in particular the presence of intracellular vacuoles, and the distribution of nucleic acids were visualized. In the intracellular vacuole nitrate reached concentrations of up to 650 mM. Fifteen of the retrieved 16S rRNA gene sequences formed a monophyletic cluster and were phylogenetically closely related (≥ 94.4% sequence identity). Sequences of known filamentous sulfide-oxidizing genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca that comprise non-vacuolated and vacuolated filaments from diverse habitats clearly delineated from this cluster. The novel monophyletic cluster was furthermore divided into two sub-clusters: one contained sequences originating from Guerrero Negro (Mexico) microbial mats and the other comprised sequences from five distinct Spanish hypersaline microbial mats from Ibiza, Formentera and Lake Chiprana. Our data suggest that Beggiatoa-like filaments from hypersaline environments displaying a thin filament diameter contain nitrate-storing vacuoles and are phylogenetically separate from known Beggiatoa. Therefore, we propose a novel genus for these organisms, which we suggest to name 'Candidatus Allobeggiatoa'.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. sborgwar@mpi-bremen.de
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hinck
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mussmann
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Neu
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lenk
authors.forename: Dirk de
authors.initials: Dd
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Henk M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jonkers
mesh_terms: D053524:Beggiatoa / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004777:Environment; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology; D008800:Mexico; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D054712:Salinity; D013030:Spain; D041962:Thiotrichaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000737:chemistry; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S