title: Identification of B cell epitopes of alcohol dehydrogenase allergen of Curvularia lunata.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epitope identification assists in developing molecules for clinical applications and is useful in defining molecular features of allergens for understanding structure/function relationship. The present study was aimed to identify the B cell epitopes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) allergen from Curvularia lunata using in-silico methods and immunoassay.
  
  
  METHODS
  B cell epitopes of ADH were predicted by sequence and structure based methods and protein-protein interaction tools while T cell epitopes by inhibitory concentration and binding score methods. The epitopes were superimposed on a three dimensional model of ADH generated by homology modeling and analyzed for antigenic characteristics. Peptides corresponding to predicted epitopes were synthesized and immunoreactivity assessed by ELISA using individual and pooled patients' sera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The homology model showed GroES like catalytic domain joined to Rossmann superfamily domain by an alpha helix. Stereochemical quality was confirmed by Procheck which showed 90% residues in most favorable region of Ramachandran plot while Errat gave a quality score of 92.733%. Six B cell (P1-P6) and four T cell (P7-P10) epitopes were predicted by a combination of methods. Peptide P2 (epitope P2) showed E(X)(2)GGP(X)(3)KKI conserved pattern among allergens of pathogenesis related family. It was predicted as high affinity binder based on electronegativity and low hydrophobicity. The computational methods employed were validated using Bet v 1 and Der p 2 allergens where 67% and 60% of the epitope residues were predicted correctly. Among B cell epitopes, Peptide P2 showed maximum IgE binding with individual and pooled patients' sera (mean OD 0.604±0.059 and 0.506±0.0035, respectively) followed by P1, P4 and P3 epitopes. All T cell epitopes showed lower IgE binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four B cell epitopes of C. lunata ADH were identified. Peptide P2 can serve as a potential candidate for diagnosis of allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kukreja
authors.forename: Bhanu Pratap
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000276:immunology*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D019295:Computational Biology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase