title: Limited water infusion decreases pain during minimally sedated colonoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a limited water infusion method in colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients undergoing minimally sedated colonoscopy were randomized to receive air insufflation (n = 89) or water infusion limited to the rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon (n = 90). Completion rates, cecal intubation times, procedure times, need for abdominal compression, turning of patients and levels of discomfort were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completion rates, total procedure times, need for abdominal compression, and turning of patients were similar between groups. Less pain was experienced in the water group than in the air group (2.5 ± 2.5 vs 3.4 ± 2.8, mean ± SD, P = 0.021). The cecal intubation time was significantly longer in the water group than in the air group (6.4 ± 3.1 min vs 4.5 ± 2.4 min, P < 0.001). More water was infused in the water group (322 ± 80.9 mL vs 26.2 ± 39.4 mL, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited airless water infusion in the distal colon reduces patients' pain during colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, 622 Chia-Yi, Taiwan, China. hsieh.yuhsi@msa.hinet.net
authors.forename: Yu-Hsi
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hwai-Jeng
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kuo-Chih
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014867:Water