title: [Doppler studies of gestational diabetes in the third trimester].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gestational diabetes (GDM) is related to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. Maternal hyperglycemia causes fetal hyperglycemia and consequently fetal hyperinsulinism. The impaired glucose metabolism will lead to prenatal and postnatal complications. The main issue of this study is the influence of GDM in evaluating Doppler flow measurements in the umbilical artery (UA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancies from gestational age > 34 + 0 were included in this case control study. The study period was 18 months. The last Doppler measurement in pregnancies with GDM (diet-controlled and insulin-dependent) was compared to the healthy control group. Our collected data included the last prenatal Doppler flow recordings (resistance index (RI) in the umbilical artery (UA)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women with diet-controlled GDM, a significant decrease in the RI (p = 0.002) in the UA has been observed. Insulin-treated diabetic and healthy control pregnancies showed no difference in the RI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doppler flow examinations with RI measurements in patients with GDM differ significantly with respect to healthy controls. In insulin-treated women the RI indices are not different from the control group, while in the diet-controlled group a significant decrease was noted and additionally might show a possible maternal metabolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinik Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt. ankereitter@googlemail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reitter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hajduk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buxmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlösser
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Louwen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012016:Reference Values; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin