title: Gynecomastia as a first clinical sign of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gynecomastia is a common clinical sign in several diseases. In this report we present a case of gynecomastia with underlying testicular tumor which remained misdiagnosed for a prolonged period of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 16-year-old adolescent noticed unilateral painless swelling of the left breast. He was referred to the Department of General Surgery and examined by a breast surgeon. A diagnosis of mastitis was made and a treatment with an oral antibiotic drug began. After failure of the initial antibiotic treatment, the patient was referred to the Department of Endocrinology and left testicular cancer was diagnosed. Unilateral high inguinal orchidectomy and subsequent chemotherapeutic treatment were performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care physicians should be aware of the possibility of a concomitant presence of gynecomastia and testicular cancer. We suggest a physical examination as well as a laboratory investigation, and testicular ultrasonography of the testes in all patients with gynecomastia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece. nik.kolitsas @ hotmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kolitsas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsambalas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baltogiannis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vlachopoulou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vappa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannakis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsounapi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sofikitis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*