title: Chinese translation and validation of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire in patients with peripheral artery disease.
abstract: The Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) is a frequently used questionnaire to evaluate patients with intermittent claudication on four subscales: pain severity, walking distance, walking speed and the ability to climb stairs. The aim of this study is to translate and validate the WIQ in Chinese. After translation and cultural adaptation of the WIQ, 134 patients with intermittent claudication completed the Chinese WIQ and European Quality of Life 5 Dimension (EQ-5D). Walking distances were determined by the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Correlations between the WIQ, quality of life questionnaire and walking distances were calculated to determine validity. Reliability and internal consistency were determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha (α), respectively. Significant correlations were found between the WIQ score, initial claudication distance (ICD), absolute claudication distance (ACD) and all domains of the EQ-5D (all p ≤ 0.01). Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.74) and the overall internal consistency determined (α = 0.90) showed good agreement. A lower WIQ score corresponded to shorter walking distances. In conclusion, this study showed that the Chinese version of the WIQ is a valid, reliable and clinically relevant instrument for assessing walking impairment in patients with intermittent claudication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. bryan.yan@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: James Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Check-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Ka-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Doris S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yat-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hiatt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D044466:Asian People; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking