title: Effect of irradiation on Salmonella survival and quality of 2 varieties of whole green onions.
abstract: Two varieties of green onions, Banner and Baja Verde, were inoculated with a cocktail of 3 Salmonella strains using dip and spot inoculation and irradiated at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 kGy using electron beam. Salmonella survivors were enumerated using a XLD underlay/TSAYE overlay plating method. The D values were in the range of 0.26 to 0.32 kGy depending on variety but not on the method of inoculation. This indicated that a 5-log reduction of Salmonella can be achieved at a dose of 1.6 kGy. For the quality study, both varieties of green onions were irradiated at 0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 kGy and evaluated for changes in microbial counts, color, texture, and visual quality during storage at 4 °C. Irradiation reduced total plate counts and psychrotrophs by 3 logs. Although the counts increased during storage, they did not exceed the initial counts of control. No significant difference was observed in color and texture between irradiated samples and control. The control maintained good visual quality for about 13 d as compared to 15 d for 1.5 and 2.5 kGy samples. The 2.0 kGy samples maintained good visual quality for 17 d suggesting that irradiation can increase shelf life by reducing spoilage microorganisms but higher doses can be detrimental to quality. At the dose levels required to achieve a 5-log reduction in Salmonella, the shelf life of whole green onion can be extended. This study shows that irradiation can be used to enhance safety without adverse effects on quality.
authors.affiliation: Food Science Program, Chapman Univ., One Univ. Dr, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
authors.forename: Latha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murugesan
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams-Hill
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004583:Electrons / Q000009:adverse effects; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019697:Onions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011786:Quality Control; D012034:Refrigeration; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors