title: The glycine transporter GLYT1 in human intestine: expression and function.
abstract: Glycine is a well-documented cytoprotective agent and protects mammalian intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury, irradiation and experimentally induced colitis. The specific glycine transporter GLYT1 is found throughout the human intestine where it is responsible for some 30-50% of glycine uptake into intestinal epithelial cells across the basolateral membrane and appears to function to maintain glycine supply to enterocytes and colonocytes. This paper reviews current knowledge of GLYT1 and presents recent evidence supporting its essential role in glycine mediated cytoprotection in intestinal absorptive cells. Regulatory mechanisms involved in intestinal expression of GLYT1 are discussed and the potential of glycine for use as an anti-inflammatory, protective agent in the management of inflammatory bowel disease examined.
authors.affiliation: Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Barry Hugo
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hirst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050487:Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D050487:Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C493268:SLC6A9 protein, human; D005978:Glutathione; D005998:Glycine