title: A randomized controlled trial comparing lactulose, probiotics, and L-ornithine L-aspartate in treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) impairs daily functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The modalities of treatment of MHE have not been adequately studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare lactulose, probiotics, and L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) in treatment of MHE and effect on HRQoL by Sickness Impact Profile questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with cirrhosis were screened for MHE. MHE was diagnosed by two or more abnormal psychometric tests (number/figure connection tests A and B, block design test, picture completion test). Patients were randomized to no treatment (GpA), lactulose 30-60 ml/twice per day (GpB), probiotics 110 billion colony forming units twice in a day (GpC), LOLA 6 g three times per day (GpD) for 3 months. Arterial ammonia and HRQoL assessment using SIP questionnaire was done at baseline and at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixty (49.69%) of 322 patients with cirrhosis had MHE. After 3 months, MHE recovered in GpA four (10%), GpB 19 (47.5%), GpC 14 (35%), and GpD 14 (35%). MHE improved significantly in all three treatment groups (GpB, GpC, GpD) compared with no treatment (GpA) (P=0.006). Overt hepatic encephalopathy developed in nine (5.6%) of 160 patients; GpA four (10%), GpB one (2.5%), GpC two (5%), and GpD two (5%), respectively. There was significant improvement in SIP score in GpB (6.98±4.1), GpC (6.24±3.4), and GpD (7.33±3.8) versus GpA (1.05±2.6), P value of less than 0.001. The decrease in SIP score correlated with an improvement in MHE on multivariate analysis but there was no correlation with the type of intervention offered. There was no significant change in arterial ammonia level after therapy in GpA (-0.52±7.8 μmol/l). Arterial ammonia level in GpB (-8.47±5.8 μmol/l), GpC (-7.31±7.9 μmol/l), and GpD (-9.61±9.3 μmol/l) were significantly more than GpA (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lactulose, probiotics, and LOLA significantly improve MHE and HRQoL in patients with chronic liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, G.B. Pant Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vibhu Vibhas
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Barjesh Chander
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shiv Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007792:Lactulose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D007792:Lactulose; D000641:Ammonia; C002939:ornithylaspartate