title: The shift to early palliative care: a typology of illness journeys and the role of nursing.
abstract: For the current study, clinical observations of communication between patients, families, and clinicians during chronic, serious, or terminal illness in a cancer care trajectory were examined for patterns and trends. Five communication characteristics were concluded, which informed a typology of illness journeys experienced by patients with cancer and their families. The isolated journey characterizes an illness path in which communication about terminal prognosis and end-of-life care options are not present; communication is restricted by a curative-only approach to diagnosis as well as the structure of medical care. The rescued journey signifies a transition between curative care (hospital narrative) to noncurative care (hospice narrative), challenging patients and their families with an awareness of dying. The rescued journey allows communication about prognosis and care options, establishes productive experiences through open awareness, and affords patients and families opportunities to experience end-of-life care preferences. Finally, palliative care prior to hospice provides patients and families with an illness journey more readily characterized by open awareness and community, which facilitates a comforted journey. Nurses play a pivotal role in communicating about disease progression and plans of care. The typology presented can inform a structured communication curriculum for nurses and assist in the implementation of early palliative care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Studies, University of North Texas, Denton, USA. lyles@unt.edu
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wittenberg-Lyles
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ragan
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003479:Curriculum; D017051:Hospice Care; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013997:Time Factors