title: Histologic grading and nucleolar organizer regions in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purposes of this study were to histologically assess different types of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) morphology in neoplastic cells, as well as to quantify the number of AgNORs in each type of carcinoma in order to relate AgNOR count and histologic grading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were divided into 4 groups, namely well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated. For NOR study, 3-µm-thick sections were stained with 50% aqueous silver nitrate solution. The predominant microscopic pattern of NORs was determined. Quantitative analyses of NORs were obtained of all cells present on each histological field using a 0.025 mm² eyepiece graticule. Different histological fields were analyzed until the total number of NORs was 120 cells for each tumor. Kruskall-Wallis test was applied to compare the groups of sample data at a significance level of p=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus was 3.20 for the well-differentiated group, 5.33 for the moderately differentiated one, 8.27 for the poorly differentiated one, and 10.08 for the undifferentiated one. AgNOR count was significantly different (p<0.05) among all of the studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AgNOR staining technique seems to be a useful diagnostic tool since differences in AgNOR numeric values can be identified in the different types of oral squamous cell carcinoma. This technique is easy to handle and inexpensive, thus justifying its large use in histopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. jachanemann@uol.com.br
authors.forename: João Adolfo Costa
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanemann
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Mireile São Geraldo dos Santos
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016622:Silver Staining; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric