title: Milestones in magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial sonography of movement disorders.
abstract: Twenty-five years ago, when this journal was initiated, imaging of movement disorders was in its infancy. Since that time, magnetic resonance imaging has become a standard technique that is routinely performed in patients with movement disorders in order to exclude secondary causes and in some instances to provide specific information that aids in making the diagnosis of a neurodegenerative condition. Transcranial sonography is a more recent advance and is now widely employed to aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and possibly in detecting individuals in the premotor phases of the disease. Investigations are currently under way to evaluate the value of this technique in other movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute of Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. daniela.berg@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Steinberger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warren Olanow
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Naidich
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yousry
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history / Q000473:pathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*