title: Optimizing intravenous drug administration by applying pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic concepts.
abstract: This review discusses the ways in which anaesthetists can optimize anaesthetic-analgesic drug administration by utilizing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information. We therefore focus on the dose-response relationship and the interactions between i.v. hypnotics and opioids. For i.v. hypnotics and opioids, models that accurately predict the time course of drug disposition and effect can be applied. Various commercial or experimental drug effect measures have been developed and can be implemented to further fine-tune individual patient-drug titration. The development of advisory and closed-loop feedback systems, which combine and integrate all sources of pharmacological and effect monitoring, has taken the existing kinetic-based administration technology forwards closer to total coverage of the dose-response relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. m.m.r.f.struys@anest.umcg.nl
authors.forename: M M R F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Struys
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahinovic
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lichtenbelt
authors.forename: H E M
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Vereecke
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Absalom
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives