title: Metabolomes of the psychrotolerant bacterium Listeria monocytogenes 10403S grown at 37 °C and 8 °C.
abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen with the ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in low temperature growth is incomplete and here we report the results of a metabolomics investigation of this. The small molecule contents of L. monocytogenes 10403S grown at 37 °C and 8 °C were compared by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Over 500 peaks were detected in both 37 °C and 8 °C-grown cells, and 103 were identified. Of the identified metabolites, the concentrations of 56 metabolites were increased (P<0.05), while the concentrations of 8 metabolites were decreased at low temperature. Metabolites increasing in concentration at 8 °C included amino acids, sugars, organic acids, urea cycle intermediates, polyamines, and different compatible solutes. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize and compare the matrix containing the data in 6 samples, and this clearly identified the 37 °C and 8 °C metabolomes as different. The results indicated that an increase in solute concentrations in the cytoplasm was associated with low temperature adaptation, which may be a response to chill stress with the effect of lowering the freezing point of intracellular water and decreasing ice crystal formation.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Group, School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120, USA.
authors.forename: Atul K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ulanov
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Radheshyam K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jayaswal
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001622:Betaine / Q000032:analysis; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002331:Carnitine / Q000032:analysis; D003080:Cold Temperature; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011687:Purines / Q000032:analysis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D011687:Purines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D001622:Betaine; D002331:Carnitine