title: A diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolated nitric oxide donor ester prodrug of 3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-5H-furan-2-one: synthesis, biological evaluation and nitric oxide release studies.
abstract: A novel hybrid nitric oxide-releasing anti-inflammatory (AI) ester prodrug (NONO-coxib 14) wherein an O(2)-acetoxymethyl 1-(2-carboxypyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (O(2)-acetoxymethyl PROLI/NO) NO-donor moiety was covalently coupled to the CH(2)OH group of 3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5H-furan-2-one (12), was synthesized. The prodrug 14 released a low amount of NO (4.2%) upon incubation with phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 7.4 which was significantly higher (34.8% of the theoretical maximal release of two molecules of NO/molecule of the parent hybrid ester prodrug) upon incubation in the presence of rat serum. These incubation studies suggest that both NO and the parent compound 12 would be released from the prodrug 14 upon in vivo cleavage by non-specific serum esterases. The prodrug ester 14 is a selective COX-2 inhibitor that exhibited AI activity (ED(50)=72.2mmol/kg po) between that of the reference drugs celecoxib (ED(50)=30.9μmol/kg po) and ibuprofen (ED(50)=327μmol/kg po). The NO donor compound 14 exhibited enhanced inhibition of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction of isolated mesenteric arteries compared with that observed under control conditions. These studies indicate hybrid ester AI/NO donor prodrugs (NONO-coxibs) constitutes a plausible drug design concept targeted toward the development of selective COX-2 inhibitory AI drugs that are devoid of adverse cardiovascular effects.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8.
authors.forename: Khaled R A
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Abdellatif
authors.forename: Zhangjian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Morshed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Knaus
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004952:Esters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*; D014226:Triazenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004952:Esters; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C562362:O2-acetoxymethyl 1-(2-(4-(4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-5H-furan-2-on-3-yl)phenylmethoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate; D011355:Prodrugs; D013450:Sulfones; D014226:Triazenes; D015107:4-Butyrolactone