title: Haplotype-based association of ACE I/D, AT1R 1166A>C, and AGT M235T polymorphisms in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes in Korean women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSAs) in Korean women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 251 patients with unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses, and 126 healthy controls with at least one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratios (ORs) of the ACE ID (OR=2.423; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.417-4.142; p=0.001) and the ACE II (OR=2.050; 95% CI=1.143-3.675; p=0.018) for the ACE DD genotype were significantly different between patients with idiopathic RSA and controls; however, there were no significant differences between patients and controls with respect to the AT1R 1166A>C and AGT M235T polymorphisms. In a haplotype-based analysis of I-A (p=0.010), D-A (p=0.004), I-A-T (p=0.033), D-A-T (p=0.0005), and D-C-T (p=0.013) polymorphism pairs with synergistic effects derived by the MDR method in patients and in controls showed significant results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that ACE, AT1R and AGT polymorphisms and haplotypes are a genetic determinant for the risk of idiopathic RSA in Korean women.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Research, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yi Seul
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hwang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Ji Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Youngsok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Tae Ki
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Dong Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nam Keun
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A