title: Hyperinsulinemia acutely increases serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 concentration in anorexia nervosa and obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) plays a role in the regulation of cellular responses to stress signals and inflammation. MIC-1 has also been implicated in mediation of tumour-induced anorexia and weight loss. Increased serum concentrations of MIC-1 were found in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), obesity and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate serum MIC-1 concentration in women with AN and obese women, its regulation by hyperinsulinemia and relationship with insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 20 women with AN, 28 healthy normal-weight female controls and 28 obese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum MIC-1 concentration was measured in the fasting state and after 2-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, serum MIC-1 was higher in AN in comparison with other groups (normal-weight, P = 0·018; obese, P = 0·01). Hyperinsulinemia resulted in a significant increase in serum MIC-1 concentration in the entire study population (P < 0·001) and in AN (P < 0·001), normal-weight (P = 0·002) and obese (P < 0·001) groups analysed separately. Postclamp serum MIC-1 was still higher in AN women in comparison with other groups (normal-weight, P = 0·012; obese, P = 0·023). When normal-weight and obese women were analysed together, with the exclusion of AN group, an inverse correlation between insulin sensitivity and the change in serum MIC-1 during the clamp was observed (r = -0·27, P = 0·042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperinsulinemia resulted in a significant increase in serum MIC-1 in different states of adiposity. Increased serum MIC-1 in AN women might be an additional factor responsible for weight loss in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. monika3101@wp.pl
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karczewska-Kupczewska
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikolajuk
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamska
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Otziomek
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorska
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Straczkowski
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C526140:GDF15 protein, human; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha