title: Emissions of halogenated compounds in East Asia determined from measurements at Jeju Island, Korea.
abstract: High-frequency in situ measurements at Gosan (Jeju Island, Korea) during November 2007 to December 2008 have been combined with interspecies correlation analysis to estimate national emissions of halogenated compounds (HCs) in East Asia, including the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)), and other chlorinated and brominated compounds. Our results suggest that overall China is the dominant emitter of HCs in East Asia, however significant emissions are also found in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan for HFC-134a, HFC-143a, C(2)F(6), SF(6), CH(3)CCl(3), and HFC-365mfc. The combined emissions of CFCs, halon-1211, HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs, and SF(6) from all four countries in 2008 are 25.3, 1.6, 135, 42.6, 3.6, and 2.0 kt/a, respectively. They account for approximately 15%, 26%, 29%, 16%, 32%, and 26.5% of global emissions, respectively. Our results show signs that Japan has successfully phased out CFCs and HCFCs in compliance with the Montreal Protocol (MP), Korea has started transitioning from HCFCs to HFCs, while China still significantly consumes HCFCs. Taiwan, while not directly regulated under the MP, is shown to have adapted the use of HFCs. Combined analysis of emission rates and the interspecies correlation matrix presented in this study proves to be a powerful tool for monitoring and diagnosing changes in consumption of HCs in East Asia.
authors.affiliation: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and South Korea Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shanlan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jooil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Ryul
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mühle
authors.forename: Seung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stohl
authors.forename: Dong-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Harth
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.forename: Ray F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005843:Geography; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated