title: Apoptosis and survivability of human dental pulp cells under exposure to Bis-GMA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we examined whether 2, 2-bis [4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane (Bis-GMA) has effects on LSC2 cells, human dental pulp cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  The viability, cell cycle, and morphology of LSC2 cells were analyzed after exposure to several different concentrations of Bis-GMA. The recovery of viability of Bis-GMA exposed cells was also analyzed in the condition without Bis-GMA. Further, penetration of Bis-GMA to dentin disc was examined using isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in cell number in the sub-G1 population after exposure to Bis-GMA. Furthermore, the cells showed typical characteristics of apoptotic cells after the exposure to high concentration of Bis-GMA. In contrast, cells exposed to lower concentrations of Bis-GMA recovered their viability after being cultured without Bis-GMA. We also found that Bis-GMA is capable of penetrating 1-mm-thick dentin discs, though the penetrated concentration was lower than that showing cytotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Bis-GMA has cytotoxic effects, though dental pulp exposed to lower concentrations is able to recover their viability when Bis-GMA is removed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulp Biology, Operative Dentistry, and Endodontics, Department of Cariology and Periodontology, Kyushu Dental College, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Tatsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: Ker-Kong
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terashita
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000633:toxicity*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002845:Chromatography; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques
chemical_list: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate