title: H1N1 vaccination in pediatric renal transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solid organ transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are considered to be at high risk of serious infectious complications. In 2009, a new influenza pandemic caused serious infections and deaths, especially among children and immunocompromised patients. Herein we have reported the safety and efficacy of a single-shot monovalent whole-virus vaccine against H1N1 infection in the pediatric renal transplant population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In November and December 2009, we vaccinated 37 renal transplant children and adolescents and measured their antibody responses. Seroprotection, seroconversion, and seroconversion factors were analyzed at 21 days after vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the vaccinated patients experienced vaccine-related side effects. None of the patients had an H1N1 influenza infection after vaccination. All of the patients showed elevations in antibody titer at 21 days after vaccination. In contrast, only 29.72% of the patients achieved a safe seroprotection level and only 18.75% a safe seroconversion rate. More intense immunosuppressive treatment displayed negative effect on seroprotection and seroconversion, and antibody production significantly increased with age. No other factor was observed to influence seroprotection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend vaccination of children and adolescent renal transplant recipients against H1N1 virus. However, a single shot of vaccine may not be sufficient; to achieve seroprotection, a booster vaccination and measurement of the antibody response are needed to assure protection of our patients.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Laboratory of the First Department of Pediatrics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferenczi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jankovics
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Molnar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sallay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reusz
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pasti
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gerlei
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Szabo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines