title: GSK-3 in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates multiple cellular processes, and its dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. In this paper we will focus on the dysfunction of GSK-3 in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Specifically, GSK-3 is known to interact with tau, β-amyloid (Aβ), and α-synuclein, and as such may be crucially involved in both diseases. Aβ production, for example, is regulated by GSK-3, and its toxicity is mediated by GSK-induced tau phosphorylation and degeneration. α-synuclein is a substrate for GSK-3 and GSK-3 inhibition protects against Parkinsonian toxins. Lithium, a GSK-3 inhibitor, has also been shown to affect tau, Aβ, and α-synuclein in cell culture, and transgenic animal models. Thus, understanding the role of GSK-3 in neurodegenerative diseases will enhance our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these disorders and also facilitate the identification of new therapeutic avenues.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Research Institute, 155 Oak Street, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayton
authors.forename: Ashley I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adlard