title: Aliphatic ketones from Ruta chalepensis (Rutaceae) induce paralysis on root knot nematodes.
abstract: This paper reports on the use of Ruta chalepensis L. extracts as a potential nematicide against root knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica . The essential oil (REO) and methanol extract (RME) of R. chalepensis were tested against second-stage juveniles, with REO inducing paralysis in both species (EC(50/1d) = 77.5 and 107.3 mg/L) and RME being selective for M. incognita (EC(50/1d) = 1001 mg/L). Chemical characterization of extracts was done by means of GC-MS and LC-MS, revealing mainly aliphatic ketones and coumarins, respectively. The first-ranking volatile nematicidal component in terms of individual activity against both species was 2-undecanone (EC(50) = 20.6 and 22.5 mg/L for M. incognita and M. javanica, respectively). This fact together with its high concentration in the most active extract found in this study, namely, REO (2926 mg/kg), categorizes 2-undecanone among the nematicidal principles of R. chalepensis. On the contrary, coumarins rutin and 8-methoxypsoralen were not found to be nematicidal at concentrations of ≤500 mg/L. Interestingly, M. incognita was found more sensitive than M. javanica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Nikoletta G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ntalli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manconi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maxia
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caboni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007659:Ketones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology*; D032105:Ruta / Q000737:chemistry*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D007659:Ketones; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; C526928:undecan-2-one