title: Remineralization effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on artificial early enamel lesions of primary teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caries in children younger than 72 months is called early childhood caries (ECC). Sixty-six per cent of Chinese children younger than 5 years old have dental decay, and about 97% of them are untreated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization effects of the casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) crème on the artificial early enamel lesions of the primary teeth and to assess its caries-prevention efficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enamel specimens with artificial early lesions were produced and were then randomly divided into Group A: distilled and deionized water, DDW, as negative control; Group B: CPP-ACP crème, test group; Group C: 500 ppm NaF solution, as positive control. The enamel surface microhardness (SMH) was measured before, after demineralization, and 30 days after remineralization. The results were analysed with the SPSS 13.0 software package. The enamel specimens were analysed by the scanning electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CPP-ACP crème increased SMH of the eroded enamel significantly more than 500 ppm NaF solution did. The morphology of the enamel was different in each group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CPP-ACP crème is effective in remineralizing early enamel lesions of the primary teeth, a little more effective than 500 ppm NaF and can be used for the prevention of ECC.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D012969:Sodium Fluoride