title: Arthroscopic reattachment of osteochondritis dissecans cartilage flaps of the femoropatellar joint: long-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term efficacy of arthroscopic cartilage reattachment for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the equine femoropatellar joint is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate radiographic outcome and long-term performance of horses undergoing OCD reattachment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Separated OCD cartilage flaps may be reincorporated into the joint surface by reattachment rather than flap removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polydioxanone pins were utilised arthroscopically to reattach OCD lesions in 40 of 44 joints from 27 horses. Cartilage was reattached when it had persisting perimeter continuity, the surface was not deeply fissured or irregular, and the cartilage was not protuberant or extensively mineralised. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate was grafted to additional areas denuded of cartilage or alongside reattached cartilage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breeds included Thoroughbred (n = 18), Quarter Horse (n = 4), Warmblood (n = 3), Standardbred (n = 1) and Arabian (n = 1). Mean age was 9.7 months. Radiographic lesion length was 1.5-6.3 cm. Reattachment alone was used in 32 of 44 affected joints, a combination of debridement and reattachment in 8 joints and debridement alone in 4 joints. One horse was destroyed due to tendon laceration. Of the remaining 26 horses, mean duration of follow-up was 15.6 months (range 2 months-12 years). Radiographic resolution of OCD lesions treated with reattachment was significantly improved at 6 months. Twenty horses had long-term performance data, of which 19 were sound and had reached intended athletic potential. One horse remained lame, and an additional 6 were sound but remained unbroken or were convalescing. Thus, an overall success rate based upon continued soundness in performing horses was 95% (19/20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cartilage flap reattachment can salvage OCD cartilage by integration with the underlying bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extensive OCD cartilage flaps may be salvaged by reattachment which can result in normal radiographic subchondral bone contour and long-term athletic performance.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Sciences             Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Mohammed
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000662:veterinary; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003646:Debridement / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal; D010008:Osteochondritis Dissecans / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013264:Stifle / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors