title: Rubus rosaefolius extract as a natural preservative candidate in topical formulations.
abstract: Even though the synthetic preservatives may offer a high antimicrobial efficacy, they are commonly related to adverse reactions and regarded as having potentially harmful effects caused by chronic consumption. The development of natural preservatives provides a way of reducing the amount of synthetic preservatives normally used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. In addition, these agents have less toxic effects and represent a possible natural and safer alternative of the preservatives. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the Rubus rosaefolius Smith extract efficiency as a natural preservative in base formulations. Of the extract, 0.2% (w/w) was assayed for its effectiveness of antimicrobial protection in two different base formulations (emulsion and gel). The microbial challenge test was performed following the standard procedures proposed by The United States Pharmacopoeia 33nd, European Pharmacopoeia 6th, Japanese Pharmacopoeia 15th, and the Cosmetics, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association using standardized microorganisms. The results demonstrated that R. rosaefolius extract at the studied concentration reduced the bacterial inocula, satisfying the criterion in all formulations, even though it was not able to present an effective preservative behavior against fungi. Thus, the investigation of new natural substances with preservative properties that could be applied in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is relevant due to the possibility of substituting or decreasing the concentration of synthetic preservatives, providing a way for the development of safer formulas for the use of consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elissa Arantes
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ostrosky
authors.forename: Elda Maria Cecilio
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Marcondes
authors.forename: Suzana de Oliveira
authors.initials: Sde O
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Patricia Santos
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Gustavo Henrique Costa
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Varca
authors.forename: Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli
authors.initials: Tde J
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: T Vladi Olga
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Consiglieri
authors.forename: Andre Rolim
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Baby
authors.forename: Maria Valéria Robles
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Telma Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027824:Rosaceae; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D003358:Cosmetics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical