title: The in vitro diagnosis of drug allergy: status and perspectives.
abstract: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) can result from immune-mediated (drug allergy) and nonimmune-mediated mechanisms. In both types of reaction, conclusive diagnosis and appropriate management remain major problems in daily clinical practice. This review summarizes the potentials and shortcomings of the currently available in vitro tests in the diagnosis of immediate (mostly IgE mediated) and nonimmediate (mostly T-cell mediated) drug allergy, particularly quantification of specific IgE, flow-assisted analysis of in vitro activated lymphocytes and basophils and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, University Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium. immuno@ua.ac.be
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ebo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leysen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayorga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rozieres
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Knol
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Terreehorst
mesh_terms: D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D001491:Basophils / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007073:Immunoglobulin E