title: Bacterial virulence in the moonlight: multitasking bacterial moonlighting proteins are virulence determinants in infectious disease.
abstract: Men may not be able to multitask, but it is emerging that proteins can. This capacity of proteins to exhibit more than one function is termed protein moonlighting, and, surprisingly, many highly conserved proteins involved in metabolic regulation or the cell stress response have a range of additional biological actions which are involved in bacterial virulence. This review highlights the multiple roles exhibited by a range of bacterial proteins, such as glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones, and the role that such moonlighting activity plays in the virulence characteristics of a number of important human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom. b.henderson@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000201:enzymology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D037521:Virulence Factors