title: Gamma radiation interacts with melanin to alter its oxidation-reduction potential and results in electric current production.
abstract: The presence of melanin pigments in organisms is implicated in radioprotection and in some cases, enhanced growth in the presence of high levels of ionizing radiation. An understanding of this phenomenon will be useful in the design of radioprotective materials. However, the protective mechanism of microbial melanin in ionizing radiation fields has not yet been elucidated. Here we demonstrate through the electrochemical techniques of chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry and cyclic voltammetry that microbial melanin is continuously oxidized in the presence of gamma radiation. Our findings establish that ionizing radiation interacts with melanin to alter its oxidation-reduction potential. Sustained oxidation resulted in electric current production and was most pronounced in the presence of a reductant, which extended the redox cycling capacity of melanin. This work is the first to establish that gamma radiation alters the oxidation-reduction behavior of melanin, resulting in electric current production. The significance of the work is that it provides the first step in understanding the initial interactions between melanin and ionizing radiation taking place and offers some insight for production of biomimetic radioprotective materials.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Section, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA. Charles.Turick@srnl.doe.gov
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Turick
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ekechukwu
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Milliken
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casadevall
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dadachova
mesh_terms: D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004560:Electricity; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008543:Melanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins