title: Loss of heterozygosity analysis in malignant gliomas.
abstract: Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas, patient outcomes for these highly malignant tumors remain poor. Research into the molecular pathology of glioblastoma has uncovered various genetic changes that contribute to malignancy. Some of the identified molecular markers--such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 1p/19q and chromosome 10, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase promoter hypermethylation, and mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1--may help to predict patient outcomes. Indeed, LOH analysis is an effective approach to classify malignant gliomas. Genome-wide analyses have revealed that the extent and pattern of LOH regions may have important implications for the clinical course of the disease. As the genetic underpinnings of malignant gliomas are complex and varied, careful selection of the methods for genetic analysis in the clinic is important. The fundamental principles of each assay need to be understood to allow careful selection of practically useful methods. This review summarizes recent developments in the molecular analysis of malignant glioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. mmizoguc@ns.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.forename: Yanlei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamizo
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D057890:Epigenomics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes