title: Effect of the phytotherapeutic agent Eviprostat on inflammatory changes and cytokine production in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of the phytotherapeutic agent Eviprostat on the stromal-to-epithelial (S/E) ratio, level of macrophage infiltration, expression of the macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (Mic1) gene, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations in prostate tissues in a rat model of nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten-month old Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 10: (1) NBP non-mixed feed (prostatitis control group); (2) NBP Eviprostat (0.1%) mixed feed (prostatitis Eviprostat group); (3) non-NBP non-mixed feed (nonprostatitis control group); and (4) non-NBP Eviprostat mixed-feed (nonprostatitis Eviprostat group). NBP was induced by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol for 30 days. Ventral prostate lobes were histopathologically examined with Masson's trichrome staining or immunostaining with antimacrophage antibody. Mic1 mRNA levels were quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Tissue concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stroma was the most abundant in prostatitis control rats. The mean S/E ratio in prostatitis Eviprostat rats was significantly lower than in prostatitis control rats (P < .0001). The high levels of macrophage infiltration found in prostatitis control rats were significantly reduced in prostatitis Eviprostat rats (P < .0001). The up-regulation of the Mic1 gene observed in prostatitis control rat prostates was significantly suppressed in prostatitis Eviprostat rats (P < .0001). A marked suppression of TNF-α and IL-8 secretion was also observed in prostatitis Eviprostat rats (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eviprostat significantly suppressed the S/E ratio, level of macrophage infiltration, Mic1 gene expression, and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the prostate in a rat NBP model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsunemori
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Rikiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taoka
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakehi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004979:Ethamsylate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D055436:Growth Differentiation Factor 15; D016209:Interleukin-8; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004979:Ethamsylate; C010152:eviprostat