title: History of sex trafficking, recent experiences of violence, and HIV vulnerability among female sex workers in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of sex trafficking as a mode of entry into sex work, and to examine associations between sex trafficking and recent violence experiences and HIV vulnerability among female sex workers (FSWs).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study in 2006 in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India, 812 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to take part in an oral survey of their experiences in sex work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One in 5 (19.3%) FSWs met the UN definition of sex trafficking. Women trafficked into sex work were more likely than other FSWs to report recent violence experiences (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-2.81), more clients per week (AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.11-2.41), and more days of sex work per week (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18-2.63), and were less likely to report use of FSW-focused services (AOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86). No significant differences emerged regarding HIV knowledge or consistent condom use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of sex trafficking. A history of sex trafficking was associated with a greater vulnerability to recent violence and HIV risk behaviors, underscoring the need for increased attention to the public health needs of trafficked populations.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Public Health and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, USA. jhumka.gupta@yale.edu
authors.forename: Jhumka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Trace
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kershaw
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Blankenship
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D045809:Human Rights Abuses; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011477:Sex Work; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence; D055815:Young Adult