title: Effects of appendectomy and oral tolerance on dextran sulfate sodium colitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the concomitant effects of appendectomy and oral tolerance on colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was investigated at a 7-d interval after ovalbumin (OVA) administration and immunization under normal and colitis conditions in appendectomized or sham-operated mice. Pathological scores for the colon were graded after ingestion of colon-extracted protein (CEP) and induction of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in appendectomized or sham-operated mice. Thereafter, Th1 and Th2 in Peyer's patches and spleen lymphocytes were detected in CEP-treated and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-treated control mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In appendectomized mice, DTH was not inhibited at day 7 after OVA administration and at the initial phase of DSS colitis, whereas it was inhibited at day 14 and day 21. However, in sham-operated mice, it was inhibited during the whole procedure and the onset of DSS colitis. The protective role of CEP against DSS colitis was present in sham-operated mice, with predominant improvement of colonic pathological changes, while vanished in the appendectomized mice. A shift from Th1 to Th2 in Peyer's patches resulted from a decrease of Th1 cells with the ingestion of CEP. Compared with BSA in the sham-operated group, no predominant changes were observed in the appendectomized mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appendectomy interferes with the protective role of CEP in DSS colitis via a shift from Th2 to Th1 during oral tolerance induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chao-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yue-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: You-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D010047:Ovalbumin; D016264:Dextran Sulfate