title: Bioproduction of hydrolytic enzymes using apple pomace waste by A. niger: applications in biocontrol formulations and hydrolysis of chitin/chitosan.
abstract: Studies were carried out for β-glucosidase production using apple pomace (AP) in solid-state fermentation using 2(4) factorial design and response surface methodology. The influence of four independent variables including initial moisture level and inducers [veratryl alcohol (VA), lactose (LAC) and copper sulfate (CS)] was studied. The experimental design showed that initial moisture level had significant negative effect on the response. Higher β-glucosidase activity of 64.18 IU/gram fermented substrate (gfs) was achieved in solid-state tray fermentation with optimum conditions having initial moisture level 55% (v/w), pH 4.5, 2 mM/kg VA, 2% (w/w) LAC and 1.5 mM/kg CS concentration, respectively,. The non-specific chitinase 70.28 ± 6.34 IU/gfs and chitosanase activities 60.18 ± 6.82 to 64.20 ± 7.12 IU/gfs were observed. The study demonstrated that AP can be potentially used for the β-glucosidase production by Aspergillus niger. Moreover, β-glucosidase can be used for the hydrolysis of chitin/chitosan to depolymerized products and in the formulation of biocontrol agents for enhanced entomotoxicity levels.
authors.affiliation: INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brar
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Mausam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D002686:Chitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002688:Chitinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan / Q000378:metabolism*; D019327:Copper Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D027845:Malus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D014867:Water; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C019868:chitosanase; D002688:Chitinases; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D007785:Lactose; D019327:Copper Sulfate; C042197:veratryl alcohol