title: The relationship of glutathione-S-transferases copy number variation and indoor air pollution to symptoms and markers of respiratory disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to particulate matter (PM) may induce inflammation and oxidative stress in the airways. Carriers of null polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which detoxify reactive oxygen species, may be particularly susceptible to the effects of PM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 modify the potential effects of exposure to indoor sources of PM on symptoms and objective markers of respiratory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study of 3471 persons aged 18-69 years. Information about exposure to indoor sources of PM and respiratory symptoms was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. In addition, measurements of lung function (spirometry) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were performed. Copy number variation of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that none of the symptoms and objective markers of respiratory disease were significantly associated with the GST null polymorphisms. An increasing number of positive alleles of the GSTM1 polymorphism tended to be associated lower prevalence of wheeze, cough, and high forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1) ), but these trends were not statistically significant. Furthermore, we did not observe any statistically significant interactions between GST copy number variation and exposure to indoor sources of PM in relation to respiratory symptoms and markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this adult population, GST copy number variations were not significantly associated with respiratory outcomes and did not modify the effects of self-reported exposure to indoor sources of PM on respiratory outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup, Denmark. lagehe01@glo.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Lars-Georg
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hersoug
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brasch-Andersen
authors.forename: Lise Lotte Nystrup
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Husemoen
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigsgaard
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linneberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers; D003296:Cooking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000235:genetics; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1