title: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of State Self-Esteem Scale: an analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey of patients in the first four months after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the State Self-Esteem Scale in stroke patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Self-esteem is seen to enhance peoples' ability to cope with disease: low self-esteem may inhibit participation in rehabilitation and thus result in poor health and social outcomes. Although the Chinese version of the State Self-Esteem Scale has been used as an outcome measure for stroke rehabilitation, no study has examined its factor structure in this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 265 Chinese stroke patients (mean age 71·4, SD 10·3 years), with a minimum score of 18 out of a possible 30 for the Mini Mental State Exam recruited from two regional rehabilitation hospitals in Hong Kong. An exploratory factor analysis and an internal consistency analysis of the State Self-Esteem Scale were conducted. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between the State Self-Esteem Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale to determine convergent validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final factor solution comprised a three-factor model with correlated constructs and accounted for 49·5% of the total variance. Significant negative correlations were found between the Geriatric Depression Scale and the State Self-Esteem Scale subscale scores (r-0·31 to -0·55, p < 0·01), indicating that the State Self-Esteem Scale had acceptable convergent validity. The new three-factor structure had higher Cronbach's alphas when compared with the original three-factor structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The State Self-Esteem Scale appears to be a useful measure for assessing state self-esteem in stroke patients. To establish the concurrent, discriminative and construct validities, the factor structure of the SSES could be further developed and tested.
authors.affiliation: Nethersole School of Nursing, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. janitachau@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Janita P C
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012649:Self Concept; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*