title: Vitamin D status in children and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess vitamin D (Vit-D) [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations] in children and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV compared to geographically similar healthy children.
  
  
  METHODS
  25-OHD in children and young adults with HIV was compared to a healthy group. Vit-D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as 25-OHD <11 ng/mL and 25-OHD <30 ng/mL, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with HIV (n = 81), mean age 13.8 ± 4.1 years, 48% female, 83% Black, were compared to healthy subjects (n = 372), mean age 12.4 ± 3.4 years, 51% female, 37% Black. For the HIV group, 84% were on HAART, 54% had plasma HIV RNA <400 cpm, and 35% had moderate to severe immunosuppression (CD4+ count <500 cells/mm). Vit-D deficiency/insufficiency was present in 36% and 89% of those with HIV, and 15% and 84% of the comparison group, respectively. Vit-D deficiency was more prevalent in those with HIV (unadjusted odds ratio: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.9-5.5). For both groups, prevalence of Vit-D deficiency increased with age, BMI Z-score, Black race, and in winter/spring months. Vit-D deficiency was associated with a greater degree of immunosuppression in the subjects with HIV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vit-D deficiency was increased in subjects with perinatally acquired HIV and may be associated with disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of General Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, USA. rutstein@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rutstein
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: Babette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stallings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015143:Philadelphia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014504:Urban Health / Q000208:ethnology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002112:Calcifediol