title: Effect of N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin, major anti-atherogenic polyphenols in safflower seed, on vasodilation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: METHODS
  The objective of this study is to investigate a vascular effect of N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS), major antioxidative indolic polyphenols in safflower seeds with anti-atherogenic properties, with emphasis on effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CS and FS (each 10 to 100 μM) relaxed rat femoral arteries, which were pre-contracted by 10(-5) M phenylephrine or 50 mM KCl, independently of their endothelium. Both CS and FS also concentration-dependently inhibited the increase of cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+) ](i) ) that was induced by KCl or 5-hydroxytryptamine in cultured rat VSMCs. Next, we examined the effects of CS and FS on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-evoked proliferation and migration of the VSMCs. Both CS and FS inhibited PDGF-BB-evoked proliferation and migration of the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. They also inhibited PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of PDGF receptor β and ERK1/2, and Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated a possible vascular effect of CS/FS to inhibit the activation of VSMCs by blocking the increase of [Ca(2+) ](i) and/or blocking PDGF signaling. These may explain a part of anti-atherogenic mechanism that underlies their ability to improve vascular distensibility and to inhibit aortic hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan. tetsuya_takimoto@ajinomoto.com
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arisaka
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D031187:Carthamus tinctorius / Q000737:chemistry; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012701:Serotonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000077214:Becaplermin; C512561:N-feruloylserotonin; D012701:Serotonin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C114774:N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin; D002118:Calcium