title: The effects of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) on pneumoperitoneum-induced cardiovascular changes during laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard mechanical ventilation may cause adverse cardiovascular effects in addition to those already related to positive-pressure pneumoperitoneum (PP) during laparoscopic surgery. High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is associated with much less airway pressure, with potentially less influence on venous return, thus potentially it may reduce those effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of HFJV to reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized prospective trial, comparing 12 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under conventional mechanical ventilation (control) with 13 similar subjects under HFJV (study). Both groups were categorized as ASA I-II and underwent total intravenous anesthesia. Cardiac functionality was continuously evaluated by analysis of arterial pressure wave changes (Edwards Flo-Trac sensor and Vigileo monitor).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between both groups regarding age, gender, BMI, and general medical condition, as well as hemodynamic stability and blood gases throughout surgery. A significant reduction in cardiac output was noted in the control group under PP during the initiation of anti-Trendelenburg position (from 5.6 to 5.0 l/min, P = 0.049). A reciprocal change was observed regarding stroke volume. Such changes were not noticed under HFJV. Total peripheral resistance was significantly increased during PP, and heart rate was not significantly affected throughout surgery in both groups. Unexpectedly, we did not observe marked adverse hemodynamic changes in the control group during PP without position adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of HFJV in upper laparoscopic surgery can impede the adverse cardiovascular changes that usually occur during induction of PP. We also suggest that the use of total intravenous anesthesia (as used in our study) may also lessen the cardiovascular impairment during PP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Western Galilee Hospital, 22100, Nahariya, Israel. amitai@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trossman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kukuev
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eitan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006611:High-Frequency Jet Ventilation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014655:Vascular Resistance