title: Volumetric hemodynamic changes and postoperative complications in hypothermic liver transplanted patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic diseases decrease the liver's involvement in thermoregulation. Removal of the liver during transplantation increases the incidence of hypothermia during the surgery. The aims of the present study were to analyze the hemodynamic changes among hypothermic liver transplantations and to determine its relationship to postoperative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional and volumetric hemodynamic monitoring and intramucosal pH measurements were performed during 54 liver transplantations. According to the core temperature until graft reperfusion, patients were classified into group A, hypothermic patients (temperature < 35 °C; n=25) versus group B, normothermic patients (temperature > 36 °C; n=29). We examined the relationships between central venous pressure (CVP), intrathoracic blood volume index, cardiac index (CI), and oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, as well as the fluctuation of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and gastric intramucosal pH and activated clotting time. We recorded prolonged ventilation time, vasopressor and hemodialysis requirements, occurrence of infections, and intensive care days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the MELD scores. More Child-Pugh class C patients (P<.01) showed significantly higher APACHE II scores (P<.02) among group A. During hepatectomy and at the same intrathoracic blood volumes, the hypothermic group showed significantly higher CVP levels (P<.02). During the anhepatic and postreperfusion phases, the decreased CI levels (P<.05) were associated with increased MAP values (P<.05). Without differences in oxygen delivery, the oxygen consumption was lower in group A (P<.05). The intramucosal pH levels were the same in the both groups during the whole examination period. More instances of infection, intensive care, and hemodialysis treatment days, were observed as well as significantly longer vasopressor requirements and coagulopathy among the hypothermic group (P<.007).
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University, Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Budapest, Hungary. jancsidora@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fazakas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doros
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smudla
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kóbori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome