title: Coexistence of intradural spinal arteriovenous malformation and associated developmental anomalies - report of two cases.
abstract: Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have been devided into dural (Type I), intramedullary glomus (Type II), juvenile (Type III), and perimedullary direct arteriovenous fistulae (Type IV). AVMs are usually associated with subacute myelopathy in what has been known as Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. We presented two patients with two intradural spinal arteriovenous malformations associated in what we call Foix-Alajouanine syndrome. The both patient developed acute back pain and paresthesias, followed by paraplegia and incontinence. The clinical status of one patient has been improved after particle embolization for a 17 years when he deteriorated up to paraplegia after spinal angiography for follow up. Clinical status in another patient deteriorated, because particle emoblisation cannot be performed due to very descrete presentation of the feeding artery. Extensive neuroradiological examination in both patients revealed coexistence of numerous associated developmental anomalies in both patients. We conclude that arteriovenous malformations occasionally are associated with other vascular and nonvascular developmental anomalies elsewhere in the body. These findings rise attention about keep in mind the suspicion of mutual etiopathogenesis and congenital origin of these anomalies. Early timing of the diagnostic and therapeutic interventiosn are stressed to prevent or delay irreversible ishaemic myellopathy or haemorrhage. For the definitive diagnosis of spinal arteriovenous malformations and evaluation of its occlusion grade after the therapy spinal angiography is needed
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Department of Neurology, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Srdana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Telarović
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarac
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zagar
authors.forename: Jasenka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markeljević
authors.forename: Davorka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vranjes
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rados
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications*; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020758:Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D013131:Spine / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013577:Syndrome