title: Electrical nerve stimulation for overactive bladder in children.
abstract: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a urological condition that is frequently observed in children and requires treatment. Standard urotherapy is usually the first line of treatment; however, children with severe OAB do not respond to this therapy. Antimuscarinic drugs may be used, but complete resolution of symptoms with this medication is low. Studies, including two randomized clinical trials, have demonstrated that electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) can be used successfully for OAB in children. Electrodes have been placed in the genitals, anus, and intravesical area, and on the tibial posterior nerve, as well as used transcutaneously or implanted during a surgical procedure. This Review will discuss the use of ENS in children with OAB, with particular focus on the putative mechanisms of action, the different ENS techniques available, and clinical results for this therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Centro de Distúrbios Miccionais na Infância, Bahiana School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, 275 Avenue Dom João VI, Brotas CEP 40285,000, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. ubarroso@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lordêlo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy