title: Optimization of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9(10H)-ones as antimalarials utilizing structure-activity and structure-property relationships.
abstract: Antimalarial activity of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9(10H)-ones (THAs) has been known since the 1940s and has garnered more attention with the development of the acridinedione floxacrine (1) in the 1970s and analogues thereof such as WR 243251 (2a) in the 1990s. These compounds failed just prior to clinical development because of suboptimal activity, poor solubility, and rapid induction of parasite resistance. Moreover, detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the THA core scaffold were lacking and SPR studies were nonexistent. To improve upon initial findings, several series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9(10H)-ones were synthesized and tested in a systematic fashion, examining each compound for antimalarial activity, solubility, and permeability. Furthermore, a select set of compounds was chosen for microsomal stability testing to identify physicochemical liabilities of the THA scaffold. Several potent compounds (EC(50) < 100 nM) were identified to be active against the clinically relevant isolates W2 and TM90-C2B while possessing good physicochemical properties and little to no cross-resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States.
authors.forename: R Matthew
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Jordany R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Maignan
authors.forename: Tina S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mutka
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luong
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manetsch
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000166:Acridines; D000962:Antimalarials