title: Daily magnesium intake and hypermagnesemia in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate daily magnesium intake and the relation to its serum concentration in hemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, open-label, cross-sectional clinical study analyzing daily magnesium intake based on nutritional questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 101 HD patients with CKD were screened for hypermagnesemia. All patients with serum magnesium >1.5 mmol/L were asked to fill in the standard 3-day nutritional questionnaire. The control group consisted of twice as many randomly selected HD patients with serum magnesium concentration <1.5 mmol/L and 20 subjects with normal kidney function on usual diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (±standard deviation) serum magnesium concentration in HD patients was 1.32 ± 0.18 mmol/L. Hypermagnesemia >1.5 mmol/L was found in 17 (16.8%) patients. There was no one case of severe hypermagnesemia (>2.0 mmol/L). The daily intake of magnesium was higher by 31.7% in the group with serum magnesium >1.5 mmol/L. Hypermagnesemia was observed in patients ingesting >281 mg of magnesium daily. In univariate analysis, there was a strong positive correlation between magnesium intake and serum concentration in the whole group (r = 0.870, P < .001). No correlation between Kt/V or residual diuresis and serum magnesium concentration was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium consumption is the most important determinant of serum magnesium concentration in HD patients with CKD. Magnesium-containing phosphate binders can be considered in the therapy of hyperphosphatemia in HD patients without hypermagnesemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wyskida
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witkowicz
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudek
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Więcek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium