title: Family caregiving in advanced chronic organ failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess caregiver burden as well as positive aspects of family caregiving in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and chronic renal failure (CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients recruited at the outpatient clinics of academic and general hospitals in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced COPD (n = 73), CHF (n = 45), and CRF (n = 41) and their family caregivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving were assessed using the Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care and were compared among family caregivers of patients with COPD, CHF, or CRF using linear regression analysis while controlling for characteristics of patients and family caregivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most family caregivers were female partners of participating patients. Caregiver distress and caregiver strain scores were relatively low, whereas scores for positive caregiving appraisals and family well-being were relatively positive. Caregiver strain, positive caregiving appraisals, and family well-being were comparable for family caregivers of patients with COPD, CHF, or CRF. Caregiver distress was higher for family caregivers of patients with COPD than CHF. The experience of caregiving was influenced by being the patient's spouse, patient's psychological symptoms, and the presence of comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family caregiving for patients with COPD, CHF, or CRF should not only be seen as a burden, but also as a positive experience. To support family caregivers, attention should be paid to caregiver burden and the positive aspects of family caregiving.
authors.affiliation: Program Development Centre, CIRO+, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, the Netherlands. daisyjanssen@proteion.nl
authors.forename: Daisy J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Martijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Spruit
authors.forename: Emiel F M
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Jos M G A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schols
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009426:Netherlands; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing*; D011788:Quality of Life; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires