title: The role of human xanthine oxidoreductase (HXOR), anti-HXOR antibodies, and microorganisms in synovial fluid of patients with joint inflammation.
abstract: This work is to investigate the levels of human xanthine oxidoreductase (HXOR), its antibodies, and microorganisms in synovial fluid of patients with untreated rheumatoid joint diseases. Synovial fluids were collected from sixty-four patients with rheumatoid joint diseases. Sixty-four age-matched individuals were included as control. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) proteins level and anti-XOR antibodies were determined in the blood and synovial fluid, using human XOR as antigen, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. Synovial fluids were cultured for bacteria and fungi. The titers of XOR protein in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were 90.43 ± 23.37 μg/ml (mean ± SD, n = 29) and up to 62.42 ± 8.74 μg/ml (mean ± SD, n = 35) in other joint inflammation. Anti-HXOR antibodies titers in patients were 167.72 ± 23.64 μg/ml, n = 64, which was significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results indicated that anti-HXOR antibodies in synovial fluids have a protective role as high concentrations against XOR were detected in inflammatory arthritis. These antibodies play a role in eliminating XOR from synovial fluids. However, immune complex formation could activate complement and participate in propagating the inflammatory cycle. Synovial aspirate ordinary microbial cultures were negative for any bacteria or fungi, but that does not exclude organisms of special culture requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petra University, PO Box 961343, Amman. Jordan, naj_nim@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Najah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Muhtaseb
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Al-Kaissi
authors.forename: Abdul Jalil
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thawaini
authors.forename: Zuhair Muhi
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Eldeen
authors.forename: Sabah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Muhtaseb
authors.forename: Badiee
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000032:analysis; D001168:Arthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007597:Jordan; D008875:Middle Aged; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D001323:Autoantibodies; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase