title: Reducing the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for driving in developing countries: a time for change? Results and implications derived from a time-series analysis (2001-10) conducted in Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Brazil, a new law introduced in 2008 has lowered the blood alcohol concentration limit for drivers from 0.06 to 0.02, but the effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents remains uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of this enactment on road traffic injuries and fatalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  State and capital of São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,471,087 non-fatal and 51,561 fatal road traffic accident cases in both regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monthly rates of traffic injuries and fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants from January 2001 to June 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new traffic law was responsible for significant reductions in traffic injury and fatality rates in both localities (P<0.05). A stronger effect was observed for traffic fatality (-7.2 and -16.0% in the average monthly rate in the State and capital, respectively) compared to traffic injury rates (-1.8 and -2.3% in the State and capital, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lowering the blood alcohol concentration limit in Brazil had a greater impact on traffic fatalities than injuries, with a higher effect in the capital, where presumably the police enforcement was enhanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. gabriel.biousp@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andreuccetti
authors.forename: Heraclito B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Cheryl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.forename: Tulio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Vilma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leyton
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000639:trends*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016495:Police; D013317:Strikes, Employee; D013997:Time Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol