title: Dechlorane Plus in house dust from E-waste recycling and urban areas in South China: sources, degradation, and human exposure.
abstract: Dechlorane Plus (DP) was measured in house dust from e-waste recycling and from urban and rural areas of South China, with geometric mean concentrations of 604, 14.5, and 2.89 ng/g, respectively. Dechlorane Plus in house dust in the e-waste area originated from e-waste recycling activities, whereas household appliances served as a major source of DP in urban house dust. The isomer ratios (f(anti) ) of DP in most dust samples from the e-waste area were significantly lower than those in the urban and rural dust samples and the commercial mixture. Several [-1Cl + H] and [-2Cl + 2H] dechloro-DPs were identified in house dust from the e-waste area, and an a-Cl(11) DP was qualified with concentrations of <55.1 ng/g. Photolytic degradation experiments were conducted by exposing anti-DP, syn-DP, and commercial DP solutions to ultraviolet (UV) light. The slight difference in isomeric half-life derived by photodegradation, as well as the lower f(anti) values in the e-waste combusted residue, suggest a significant influence of isomer-specific thermal degradation of DP during e-waste burning on isomer composition in house dust in the e-waste area. The average estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of DP via house dust ranged from 0.06 to 30.2 ng/d for adults and 0.14 to 121 ng/d for toddlers in the studied area. The average EDIs of a-Cl(11) DP for adults and toddlers in the e-waste area were 0.07 and 0.18 ng/d, respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: She-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Tai-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Bi-Xian
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Mai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D059029:Electronic Waste / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007223:Infant; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D059027:Recycling
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; C526360:dechlorane plus