title: [Milk consumption and its changing trend of Chinese adult aged 18 - 44 in nine provinces (autonomous region) from 1991 to 2006].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the age, gender and region specified milk consumption and its changing trends of Chinese 18 - 44 years old adults in 9 provinces (autonomous region) from 1991 to 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 18 - 44 aged old adults investigated in Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2006 in 9 provinces (autonomous region) were utilized. The numbers of the subjects selected in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 were 5593, 5491, 5334, 4188 and 3908, respectively. Changes of the percentage of milk consumption, average intake of daily milk and dietary calcium intake were analyzed across different groups of gender, income levels, and areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an increasing trend in the percentage of milk consumption and daily intake of milk from 1991 to 2006. The average percentage of Chinese adult milk consumption went up from 2.2% (123/5593) in 1991 to 7.6% (297/3908) in 2006 (Z = -22.16, P < 0.01). Specifically, urban adult and rural adult showed significant increase in the percentages from 9.7% (80/823) to 23.7% (112/472) (Z = -12.81, P < 0.01) and 0.1% (2/2937) to 1.8% (36/1987) (Z = -9.21, P < 0.01) respectively. Percentages of adult who ever drank milk at top income level and bottom income level increased from 4.7% (95/2006) to 14.6% (200/1373) (Z = -17.36, P < 0.01) and from 0.1% (2/1748) to 2.4% (28/1171) (Z = -9.58, P < 0.01), respectively. Meanwhile, the average daily intake of milk increased from (3.6 ± 24.6) g/d in 1991 to (11.8 ± 51.4) g/d in 2006 (F = 67.07, P < 0.01). The daily milk consumption among top income level adults and bottom income level adults increased from (8.5 ± 50.9) g/d to (23.1 ± 71.5) g/d and from (0.2 ± 6.5) g/d to (3.3 ± 23.5) g/d (F = 13.90, P < 0.01), respectively. From 1991 to 2006, milk consumers significantly promoted their percentage of achieving the Chinese dietary reference intake on calcium (800 mg/d) from 6.5% (8/123) to 12.8% (38/297) (Z = -1.67, P < 0.05), whereas this percentage increased from 1.6% (38/5470) to 3.6% (130/3611) among milk non-consumers (Z = -5.66, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese adult milk intake still remains in quite low level, and the situation of milk consumption among rural adults requires further promotion.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Dong
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: DU
authors.forename: Hui-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Zhai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D044466:Asian People; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012424:Rural Population; D013383:Suburban Population; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary