title: Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of ovarian cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.
abstract: The association between menopausal hormone therapy (HT) and risk of ovarian cancer was assessed among 126,920 post-menopausal women recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. After an average of 9-year follow-up, 424 incident ovarian cancers were diagnosed. Cox models adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, unilateral ovariectomy, simple hysterectomy, age at menarche, number of full-term pregnancies, and duration of oral contraceptives were used. Compared with baseline never use, current use of any HT was positively associated with risk (HR [hazard ratio], 1.29; 95% CI [confidence interval], 1.01-1.65), while former use was not (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.70-1.30). Current estrogen-only HT was associated with a 63% higher risk (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.08-2.47), while current estrogen plus progestin was associated with a smaller and non-significant higher risk (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.89-1.62). Use of tibolone was associated with a twofold greater risk (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.06-4.50), but was based on small numbers. In conclusion, women who currently use HT have a moderate increased risk of ovarian cancer, and which may be stronger for estrogen-only than estrogen plus progestin preparations.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK. kostas.tsilidis@ceu.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Konstantinos K
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authors.lastname: Tsilidis
authors.forename: Naomi E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Timothy J
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authors.forename: Laure
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authors.lastname: Dossus
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authors.forename: Kjersti
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authors.forename: Eiliv
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authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Anne
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authors.lastname: Tjønneland
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authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Isabelle
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authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Francoise
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authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukanova
authors.forename: Heiner
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authors.forename: Madlen
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authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.forename: Vassiliki
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authors.lastname: Benetou
authors.forename: Domenico
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authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Fränzel J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Duijnhoven
authors.forename: Marieke G M
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Braem
authors.forename: N Charlotte
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authors.lastname: Onland-Moret
authors.forename: Inger T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: Laudina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duell
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
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authors.forename: Elio
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mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment