title: Preparation and characterization of bioadhesive systems containing propolis or sildenafil for dental pulp protection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Binary polymeric systems containing poloxamer 407 (P407) and Carbopol 934P (C934P) were designed to deliver propolis extract (PE) or sildenafil citrate for the endodontic treatment (pulp protection).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gelation temperature, rheology (flow), bioadhesion, and in vitro drug release of formulations were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Formulations showed thermoresponsive behavior, existing as a liquid at room temperature and gel at 34-37°C. In addition, they exhibited pseudoplastic flow and low degrees of thixotropy or rheopexy. The greatest bioadhesion was noted in the formulation containing 20% P407 (w/w) and 0.10% C934P (w/w). PE release from formulation containing 15% P407 (w/w) and 0.25% C934P (w/w) was controlled by the phenomenon of relaxation of polymer chains. Moreover, sildenafil release from formulation containing 20% P407 (w/w) and 0.10% C934P (w/w) was controlled by Fickian diffusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained on these formulations indicate a potentially useful role in the endodontic treatment (pulp protection) and suggest they are worthy of clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciele Viana
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Fabri
authors.forename: Rogério Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cupertino
authors.forename: Mirian Marubayashi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Rúbia Maria Monteiro Weffort
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Marcos Luciano
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bruschi
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000269:Adhesives; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D020442:Poloxamer; D011429:Propolis; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; C453622:carbopol 934P