title: Vitamin D insufficiency in Brazilian patients with SLE: prevalence, associated factors, and relationship with activity.
abstract: The influence of vitamin D on the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been studied. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Brazilian lupus patients and its relationship with demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables and to study the relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and disease activity. This is a cross-sectional study of 159 SLE patients. Levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <30 ng/ml were defined as vitamin D insufficiency and <20 ng/ml as deficiency. Data collected included sex, age, ethnicity, postmenopausal status, disease duration, cumulative amount of oral glucocorticoids (GC) in the last six months, duration of GC usage, calcium and vitamin D supplements, photosensitivity, sunscreen usage, sun exposure, diabetes mellitus, creatinine clearance, lifestyle habits, and smoking. Disease activity was measured by the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Bivariate statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed with multiple linear regression. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 37.7% and 8.2%, respectively. Levels of 25(OH) D were not associated with lupus activity score, disease duration, sun exposure, vitamin D supplementation, or use of corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. mariaisabel.dutrasouto@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Lmc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Argolo
authors.forename: Jas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papi
authors.forename: Mlf
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D