title: Ameliorative effect of astaxanthin on endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male rats.
abstract: The present study was designed to examine whether astaxanthin (ASX, 3,3-dihydroxybeta, beta-carotene-4,4-dione, CAS 472-61-7), a dietary antioxidant carotenoid that is naturally present in algae, crustaceans, and fish, has a protective effect on endothelial dysfunction of aortas in diabetic rats and the possible molecular mechanism involved. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control rats, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with ASX (10 mg/kg/d), and control rats treated with ASX. Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/ kg). STZ-induced diabetes in rats was complicated with excessive oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, increased serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and aortic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, inhibited endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and unaffected endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Simultaneously, lectin-like oxLDL receptor-i (LOX-1) expression was enhanced and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) expression was reduced in the aortas of diabetic rats. ASX treatment could significantly decrease serum oxLDL and aortic MDA levels, attenuate blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to ACh, upregulate eNOS expression, and decrease LOX-1 expression. These results indicated that ASX could ameliorate diabetic endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the ox-LDLLOX-1-eNOS pathway. Treatment with ASX might be clinically useful for diabetic complications associated with endothelial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, and Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Zi-Wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yun-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qing-Fei
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Liang-Long
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D024341:Xanthophylls; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C005948:astaxanthine