title: Risk factors for chronic kidney diseases may include periodontal diseases, as estimated by the correlations of plasma pentraxin-3 levels: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pentraxins are classical mediators of inflammation and markers of acute-phase reactions. Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is believed to be a true independent indicator of disease activity. It has been associated with clinical outcomes in incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is lately being considered as a risk factor for CKD. However, no data are available on elevated PTX3 in patients with CKD associated with periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty subjects were divided into three groups (n = 20) based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and periodontal parameters: healthy (group-1), CKD (group-2), and CKD with periodontitis (group-3). Plasma samples obtained from each patient were quantified for PTX3 using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patient groups with CKD had higher plasma PTX3 concentrations than control subjects. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (groups 2 and 3). In all groups, plasma PTX3 correlated positively with periodontal parameters. Group 3 patients had higher concentrations of PTX3 (6.338 ng/ml) than group 2 (5.41 ng/ml) and group 1 (1.835 ng/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limits of the present study, the difference in plasma PTX3 levels between groups 2 and 3 was not found to be statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, as PTX3 values correlated positively with periodontal parameters, this model could contribute to identifying individuals with periodontitis at high risk of CKD. Thus, periodontal disease could serve as a risk factor for developing CKD. Further large-scale studies nullifying the confounders for CKD are warranted to confirm positive results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002, India. periodontics_gdc@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kathariya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arjun Raju
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sushma Rani
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D012372:ROC Curve; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins