title: In nonfunctional pituitary adenomas, estrogen receptors and slug contribute to development of invasiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical studies suggest that an imbalance in the actions of estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ERβ is associated with invasion of tumors of epithelial origin. Both ER have been detected in the pituitary adenomas (PA). Our previous study together with other reports suggests that an imbalance between ERα and ERβ contributes to the pathogenesis and biological behavior of PA including invasion. However, the roles of the two ER in invasiveness of PA have not been clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The expression of ER, Slug, and E-cadherin in 41 cases of nonfunctional PA (NFPA) were determined to evaluate whether ER were related to the invasiveness of NFPA. Furthermore, we aimed by analysis of the correlation between ER and E-cadherin or Slug to understand molecular mechanisms related to invasiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear ERα staining was significantly stronger in invasive NFPA than noninvasive ones (P < 0.01). In contrast, nuclear ERβ staining was significantly weaker in invasive NFPA than in noninvasive ones (P < 0.01). Both E-cadherin mRNA and protein were decreased in invasive NFPA compared with noninvasive ones. Moreover, Slug, a repressor of E-cadherin, was significantly increased in invasive over noninvasive NFPA (P < 0.01). There were significant correlations between ER and Slug or E-cadherin in NFPA, in which Slug was positively correlated with ERα and inversely correlated with ERβ, whereas E-cadherin was positively correlated with ERβ and inversely correlated with ERα.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERα and ERβ may act in opposite directions to regulate the Slug-E-cadherin pathway and to affect invasiveness of NFPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yechun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Haiwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Maolin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Hongliang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jan-Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaotang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C050361:CDH2 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors