title: Gallic acid-induced lung cancer cell death is accompanied by ROS increase and glutathione depletion.
abstract: Gallic acid (GA) is generally distributed in a variety of plants and foods, and its various biological effects have been reported. Here, we investigated the effects of GA and/or caspase inhibitors on Calu-6 and A549 lung cancer cells in relation to cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The growths of Calu-6 and A549 cells were diminished with an IC(50) of approximately 30 and 150 μM GA at 24 h, respectively. GA also inhibited the growth of primary human pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) cells with an IC(50) of about 300 μM. GA induced apoptosis and/or necrosis in lung cancer cells, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ(m)). The percents of MMP (ΔΨ(m)) loss and death cells by GA were lower in A549 cells than in Calu-6 cells. Caspase inhibitors did not significantly rescued lung cancer cells from GA-induced cell death. GA increased ROS levels including O(2) (•-) and induced GSH depletion in both lung cancer cells. Z-VAD (pan-caspase inhibitor) did not decrease ROS levels and GSH depleted cell number in GA-treated lung cancer cells. In conclusion, GA inhibited the growth of lung cancer and normal cells. GA-induced lung cancer cell death was accompanied by ROS increase and GSH depletion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Sung Zoo
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Suhn Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo Hyun
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C517629:benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; D005978:Glutathione