title: MicroRNAs and human retroviruses.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control a multitude of critical processes in mammalian cells. Increasing evidence has emerged that host miRNAs serve in animal cells to restrict viral infections. In turn, many viruses encode RNA silencing suppressors (RSS) which are employed to moderate the potency of the cell's miRNA selection against viral replication. Some viruses also encode viral miRNAs. In this review, we summarize findings from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) that illustrate examples of host cell miRNAs that target the viruses, of RSS encoded by viruses, and of host cell miRNA profile changes that are seen in infected cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: MicroRNAs in viral gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. lhouzet@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Houzet
authors.forename: Kuan-Teh
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jeang
mesh_terms: D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D034622:RNA Interference; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D012367:RNA, Viral