title: Median aperture of the fourth ventricle revisited.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The median aperture of Magendie is the largest of three openings of the fourth ventricle and thus it forms the main path for the outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricle. The Magendie aperture connects the fourth ventricle with the cisterna magna and makes a natural corridor for neurosurgical approach and inspection of the ventricle and its floor. The purpose of this study was to give a contemporary anatomical view of this structure in the context of historical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Magendie foramen was studied in 30 fixed specimens of human brainstems with cerebella. The microdissection technique was used. Measurements were taken with a microscope ocular ruler.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aperture is limited by the following structures: obex and gracile tubercles inferiorly, and tela choroidea with choroid plexus superolaterally. Obex tubercles usually have the form of a piece of neural tissue bridging two halves of the brainstem above the entrance to the central canal. Gracile tubercles together are 8.15 mm wide and the maximal width of the foramen is 6.53 mm. Tela choroidea attaches laterally at both sides to the inferior medullary velum. In most cases the right and left choroid plexus are connected to each other with a triangular membrane of tela choroidea, which protrudes through the median foramen and attaches to the vermis at a highly variable level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hope that the presented description of anatomical relations around the Magendie aperture, with its new measurements, will be helpful for those operating in the area and will explain some of the inaccuracies found in literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. maciej.ciolkowski@wum.edu.pl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciołkowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tarka
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciszek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult