title: Correlation of sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression in Croatian war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between global sleep quality and its specific components and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity questionnaire. We also researched whether sleep quality and sleep disturbances differed among groups of PTSD based on symptom severity categories. This study was conducted on the sample of 120 Croatian war veterans with PTSD. The following self-report instruments were used: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD, the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD, the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. There were statistically significant differences between the three PTSD severity groups on general nervousness (PSQI-A variable), where patients with extremely severe PTSD have more symptoms of general nervousness than groups with severe or moderate PTSD. Differences were found between PTSD severity groups in episodes of terror and acting-out dreams, where patients with extremely severe PTSD have more symptoms of episodes of terror and acting-out dreams than groups with severe or moderate PTSD. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression, indicating that with decrease of anxiety and depression, sleep quality improves. Sleep latency was positively correlated with both state and trait anxiety. There wasn't any significant correlation between sleep latency and depression. Study suggests that sleep disturbances are equally severe across groups of veterans based on PTSD severity and that the severity of sleep disturbances is significantly related to severity of anxiety and depression symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Clinic for Psychological Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. sasa.jevtovic@zg.t-com.hr
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jevtović
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gregurek
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalenić
authors.forename: Lovorka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brajković
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bras
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loncar
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D017523:Croatia; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D014857:Warfare