title: AFLP markers as a tool to reconstruct complex relationships: A case study in Rosa (Rosaceae).
abstract: The genus Rosa has a complex evolutionary history caused by several factors, often in conjunction: extensive hybridization, recent radiation, incomplete lineage sorting, and multiple events of polyploidy. We examined the applicability of AFLP markers for reconstructing (species) relationships in Rosa, using UPGMA clustering, Wagner parsimony, and Bayesian inference. All trees were well resolved, but many of the deeper branches were weakly supported. The cluster analysis showed that the rose cultivars can be separated into a European and an Oriental cluster, each being related to different wild species. The phylogenetic analyses showed that (1) two of the four subgenera (Hulthemia and Platyrhodon) do not deserve subgeneric status; (2) section Carolinae should be merged with sect. Cinnamomeae; (3) subsection Rubigineae is a monophyletic group within sect. Caninae, making sect. Caninae paraphyletic; and (4) there is little support for the distinction of the five other subsections within sect. Caninae. Comparison of the trees with morphological classifications and with previous molecular studies showed that all methods yielded reliable trees. Bayesian inference proved to be a useful alternative to parsimony analysis of AFLP data. Because of their genome-wide sampling, AFLPs are the markers of choice to reconstruct (species) relationships in evolutionary complex groups.
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wissemann
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Cock
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Huylenbroeck
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Riek
authors.forename: Gerda J H
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sabatino
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vosman
authors.forename: Christiane M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Gun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Werlemark
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nybom
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Debener
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: Marinus J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smulders