title: Streptomyces gramineus sp. nov., an antibiotic-producing actinobacterium isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil.
abstract: Two actinobacterial strains, JR-43T and JR-4, were isolated from bamboo (Sasa borealis) rhizosphere soil. The isolates produced grey aerial mycelium and a yellow soluble pigment on ISP 4. Microscopic observation revealed that strains JR-43T and JR-4 produced rectiflexibiles spore chains with spiny surfaces. Both isolates had antibacterial activity against plant-pathogenic bacteria, such as Xanthomonas campestris LMG 568T and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria LMG 905. The isolates contained iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 as the major fatty acids and MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8) as the major isoprenoid quinones. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains JR-43T and JR-4 showed that they grouped within Streptomyces cluster II and had highest sequence similarity to Streptomyces seoulensis NBRC 16668T and Streptomyces recifensis NBRC 12813T (both 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain JR-43T and S. seoulensis NBRC 16668T and S. recifensis NBRC 12813T ranged from 31.42 to 42.92 %. Based on DNA-DNA relatedness and morphological and phenotypic data, strains JR-43T and JR-4 could be distinguished from the type strains of phylogenetically related species. They are therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces gramineus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JR-43T (=KACC 15079T=NBRC 107863T). Strain JR-4 (=KACC 15078= NBRC 107864) is a reference strain [corrected].
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Nano Materials, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial and Nano Materials, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Song-Ih
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Ecology and Resources, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.|Department of Microbial and Nano Materials, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Whang
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D058441:Rhizosphere; D031787:Sasa / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; C073355:menaquinone 9