title: The utility of EMG interference pattern analysis in botulinum toxin treatment of torticollis: a randomised, controlled and blinded study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The significance of electromyography (EMG) guidance in botulinum toxin (BT) treatment has been much debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate if EMG guidance in the treatment of torticollis in BT-naive patients had a better outcome than treatment after clinical evaluation alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with torticollis were included and treated for 1 year in this prospective, blinded study. Quantitative EMG was performed simultaneously in the four most frequently affected muscles: the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the posterior neck muscles on both sides. EMGs were analysed for turns per second. Clinical ratings were performed by an experienced neurologist (A). Injections were given by another neurologist (B), who was blinded to the ratings. In group 1, the results of the EMG were available to the treating neurologist B, whereas in group 2, neurologist B was blinded. In group 1, treatment with BT was given when turns per second were higher than 100.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients treated guided by EMG, clinical outcome, evaluated by objective ratings, was better than in patients treated based on clinical judgement alone (p = 0.05). In group 2, 105 muscles were treated with BT. Of these, 37 did not show dystonic EMG activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with BT guided by EMG results in better clinical outcome than treatment without EMG and reduces the amount of BT used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMG guidance by interference pattern analysis may optimise BT treatment in torticollis by a more precise injection and may reduce side effects and the risk of development of antibodies to BT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werdelin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalager
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuglsang-Frederiksen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regeur
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsborg
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korbo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Munck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014103:Torticollis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A