title: Development of a measure for orthodontists to evaluate patient compliance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interruption of treatment and poor compliance are problems in orthodontics, especially when the patient does not pay for treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a measure for orthodontists, regardless of type of practice, to assess their opinions about patient compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire, based on an orthodontic patient cooperation scale, was modified in 2 pilot phases. The piloted version was tested among 249 respondents. A principal component analysis was performed that included factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1. Reliability was assessed by means of internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas and by test-retest (n = 40) measures, using an intraclass correlation coefficient. To assess construct validity, the responses of private and public practitioners were analyzed with chi-square and t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 77%. The final questionnaire showed good reliability: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.878, and the intraclass correlation coefficient after the test-retest was 0.868. The participation rate was good, there were few missing values, and the study was multifaceted; thus the questionnaire also showed good validity for face, content, and construct. The differences between private and public practitioners were statistically significant. Five factors describing the different aspects of compliance were shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observed differences between public and private orthodontists and dentists performing orthodontics indicated clearly the need to develop a specific measure for countries with a publicly funded system of oral health care. The measure showed good reliability and validity for face, content, and construct among Finnish orthodontists and dentists performing orthodontics. The predictive validity of the measure to assess actual patient compliance remains to be tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. minna.tervonen@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Minna-Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tervonen
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pirttiniemi
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lahti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057565:Apathy; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D001290:Attitude; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003815:Dentists / Q000523:psychology; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009970:Orthodontics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011331:Private Practice; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D013218:State Dentistry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires