title: The effects of gonadectomy on age- and sex-typical patterns of ethanol consumption in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethanol intake levels characteristic of adult males and females emerge postpubertally. The present set of experiments examined the consequences of prepubertal and adult gonadectomies to explore whether the presence of gonadal hormones at puberty exerts organizational influences and/or plays an activational role in age- and sex-typical patterns of ethanol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were gonadectomized (GX), received sham gonadectomy (SH), or were left nonmanipulated (NM) at 1 of 2 ages, either prepubertally on postnatal day (P) 23 (early) or postpubertally in adulthood on P70 (late). Early surgery animals were tested for ethanol consumption either during adolescence (P28 to 39) or in adulthood at the same age that late surgery animals were tested (P75 to 86). Voluntary ethanol consumption was indexed using a 2-hour limited-access paradigm, with access to 2 bottles: one containing water and the other a sweetened ethanol solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age of GX did not impact patterns of ethanol consumption. Removal of testicular hormones in males, regardless of age of removal, elevated consumption levels in adulthood to female-typical levels. Ovariectomy did not have notable effects on ethanol drinking in females. Ethanol intake and preference of early SH males were significantly greater than those of both late SH and NM males. Removal of the gonads prior to puberty did not influence ethanol drinking or preference during adolescence in either males or females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that testicular hormones play an activational role in lowering ethanol intake and preference of adult male rats. Pubertal hormones, in contrast, were found to exert little influence on ethanol drinking or preference during adolescence, although the effect of surgical manipulation itself during development was found to exert a long-lasting facilitatory effect on ethanol consumption in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA. cvetter1@binghamton.edu
authors.forename: Courtney S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Vetter-O'Hagen
authors.forename: Linda P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Spear
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol