title: Impact of triple negative phenotype on prognosis and early onset of breast cancer in Iranian females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer in Iranian women occurs about a decade earlier than in Western countries. This study sought to evaluate the impact of triple negative phenotype on early onset of ductal cell breast cancer and its prognosis in Iranian females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her-2 overexpression and nuclear accumulation of P53 were assessed in sixty surgically resected formalin-fixed paraffin embedded breast invasive ductal carcinomas. They were divided into triple negative and non triple negative phenotypes and impact of the phenotypes were evaluated on prognostic factors of all patients and based on menopausal status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result showed that the mean age of patients with triple negative breast tumors, especially in postmenopausal group, was significantly lower than with non triple negative phenotypes. Although the latter was significantly associated with higher histological grade, it also showed a significant correlation with smaller size of tumor and a lower rate of axillary lymph node metastasis in young patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher rate of breast cancer with triple negative phenotype in Iranian females is a feasible reason for the reported lower mean age of breast cancers. In premenopausal patients, triple negative phenotype reveals a positive impact on prognostic factors, but it is associated with a poorer prognosis in postmenopausal patients. Hence, a distinct ethnic profile of triple negative phenotype in Iranian females is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Research Lab, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. salami_si@umsu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramezani
authors.forename: Toofan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aghazadeh
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Afshin-Alavi
authors.forename: Behrouz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ilkhanizadeh
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maleki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007492:Iran; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone