title: What is the result: chylous leakage following extensive radical surgery of neuroblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative chylous leakage is a rare complication that results from disruption of either mediastinal or retroperitoneal lymphatic channels during dissection or from obstruction by original lesions such as a malignancy. There is lack of clinical experience in pediatric patients about how to manage the leakage and what the result will be.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of 5 children with neuroblastoma (NB) (stage 4 in 4 children and stage 1-2 in 1 child) who had received non-surgical treatment of chylothorax and/or chylous ascites after retroperitoneal/posterior mediastinal extensive radical resection of NB for complete tumor removal. Conservative therapy with low-fat diet, medium-chain triglyceride and/or total parenteral nutrition was the mainstay treatment for chylous leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 5 children recovered after 6-32 days of conservative treatment, and the last one who did not respond was cured by surgical management for chylous fistula 45 days after primary surgery. Postoperative imaging showed that more than 90% of tumors were resected and all of them showed very good partial remission (VGPR). Among the 4 patients in stage 4, 3 relapsed after radical resection of NB. The patient of stage 1-2 was still in VGPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with chylous ascites/chylothorax after extensive radical surgery for posterior mediastinum/retroperitoneum NB could be cured by non-surgical treatment. But the final result of original disease has not been greatly changed by intensive surgery for stage 4 NB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ci
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jing-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qi-Dong
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002915:Chylous Ascites / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies