title: Depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers and body composition in elderly with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
abstract: Our aim was to assess the relationships between cortisol, interleukin-2 (Il-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in elderly with and without COPD presenting with or without depressive symptoms. Forty COPD patients and 53 elderly individuals with no COPD took part in the study. Depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale=GDS-15), IL-2 and TNF-α, serum cortisol, number of comorbidities, smoking habits and body composition were evaluated. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in COPD group. The number of comorbidities was higher in patients with depressive symptoms. No differences were found between IL-2, TNF-α and cortisol levels, years of smoking and smoked pack-years in the groups. The COPD group obtained lower body mass index (BMI) and fat content and higher fat free mass index as well as greater nutritional depletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms as well as fat and lean body composition, due to preserved BMI in those with nutritional depletion, must be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Cardiorespiratory Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife-PE 50.670 901, Brazil. patmarinho@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Patrícia E M
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: Célia M M B
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: M Cristina F
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Ricardo O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Arméle Dornelas
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C508594:IL2 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006854:Hydrocortisone