title: Advance directives for euthanasia in dementia: how do they affect resident care in Dutch nursing homes? Experiences of physicians and relatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into how advance directives for euthanasia affect resident care in Dutch nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of elderly care physicians and additional qualitative interviews with a selection of elderly care physicians and relatives of people with dementia who had an advance directive for euthanasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dutch nursing home practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred thirty-four elderly care physicians completed the general part of the questionnaire; 110 physicians provided case histories. Interviews were conducted with 11 physicians and eight relatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire contained general questions about the incidence of advance directives for euthanasia in people with dementia. A second part involved questions about the most recent case of a person with dementia and an advance directive for euthanasia who had died. The interviews with elderly care physicians and relatives focused on further exploration of the decision-making process regarding adherence to the advance directive for euthanasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite law-based possibilities, advance directives for euthanasia of people with dementia were rarely adhered to, although they seem to have a supportive role in setting limitations on life-sustaining treatments. Elderly care physicians and relatives were found to be reluctant to adhere to advance directives for euthanasia. Not being able to engage in meaningful communication played a crucial role in this reluctance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advance directives for euthanasia are never adhered to in the Netherlands in the case of people with advanced dementia, and their role in advance care planning and end-of-life care of people with advanced dementia is limited. Communication with the patient is essential for elderly care physicians to consider adherence to an advance directive for euthanasia of a person with dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Home Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. m.deboer@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Marike E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Rose-Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dröes
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eefsting
authors.forename: Cees M P M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hertogh
mesh_terms: D024362:Advance Directive Adherence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003657:Decision Making; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D018447:Medical Futility / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D009426:Netherlands; D009735:Nursing Homes; D017236:Suicide, Assisted / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires