title: The effects of intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections of benzo[a]pyrene on selected biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus.
abstract: This study investigated the dose-dependent and time-course effects of intramuscular (i.m.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on the biomarkers EROD activity, GST activity, concentrations of BaP metabolites in bile, and visceral fat deposits (Lipid Somatic Index, LSI) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Intraperitoneal injection resulted in 4.5 times higher accumulation of total selected biliary FACs than i.m. injection. Hepatic GST activities were inhibited by BaP via both injection methods. Dose-response relationships between BaP injection and both biliary FAC concentrations and hepatic GST activities were linear in the i.p. injected group but nonlinear in the i.m. injected fish. Hepatic EROD activity and LSI were not significantly affected by BaP exposure by either injection route. We conclude that i.p. is a more effective route of exposure than i.m. for future ecotoxicological studies of PAH exposure in C. gariepinus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. alikaramiv@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christianus
authors.forename: Zamri
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.forename: Mohd Arif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Simon Charles
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Courtenay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000633:toxicity*; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione