title: The effects of lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or LRS and 6% hetastarch on the colloid osmotic pressure, total protein and osmolality in healthy horses under general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in colloid osmotic pressure (COP), total protein (TP) and osmolality (OSM) during anesthesia in horses given intravenous lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) or LRS and hetastarch (HES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen horses presented for surgery. Mean age 8.3 ± 1.9 years; mean weight 452 ± 25 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were premedicated with xylazine intravenously (IV); anesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam IV, and maintained with sevoflurane. Butorphanol was administered IV with pre-medications or immediately after induction. Xylazine was administered IV for recovery if necessary. LRS was administered IV to all horses with a target rate of 5-10 mL kg(-1) hour(-1). Half of the horses also received 6% HES, 2.5 mL kg(-1) over 1 hour in addition to LRS. Horses that received LRS only were considered the LRS group. Horses that received both LRS and HES were considered the LRS/HES group. Blood was drawn pre- and post-anesthesia, immediately following induction, and every 30 minutes throughout anesthesia. COP, TP and OSM were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COP and TP significantly decreased at similar rates for both treatment groups from pre-anesthetic values. Pre-anesthetic COP was significantly greater in the LRS group when compared to the LRS/HES group pre-, post- and throughout anesthesia. In the LRS group post-anesthetic OSM was significantly different than the pre-anesthesia value and that for the LRS/HES group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of IV HES (2.5 mL kg(-1), over 1 hour) in combination with LRS does not attenuate the decrease in COP typically seen during anesthesia with crystalloid administration alone. Based on these results, administration of HES at this rate and total volume would not be expected to prevent fluid shifts into the interstitium through its effects on COP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. elwendt@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Wendt-Hornickle
authors.forename: Lindsey B C
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003102:Colloids; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D003102:Colloids; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate