title: Efficacy and safety of azelaic acid (AzA) gel 15% in the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne: a 16-week, baseline-controlled study.
abstract: Although there are few differences in the incidence and pathophysiology of acne across various races and ethnicities, there is some evidence that black patients may have larger sebaceous glands and increased sebum production. Of greater clinical relevance, patients with darker skin types are at increased risk for the development of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which some find as or more troubling than acne itself. This common and bothersome sequelum of acne can be difficult to manage in this population. Topical azelaic acid gel is recognized to have anti-tyrosinase activity, suggesting it may be a suitable treatment option for mild-to-moderate acne with associated moderate-to-severe PIH. This pilot study demonstrates the efficacy of topical AzA gel 15% when applied twice daily for the reduction of both acne and PIH. J
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Leon H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kircik
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D044383:Black People; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005782:Gels; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; C010038:azelaic acid