title: Possible origin of CSF antibodies induced by intrathecal immunization and prophylactic effects against intracerebral rabies virus infection.
abstract: Intrathecal (IT) immunization involves injecting antigens directly into the intraventricular or subarachnoid spaces, or brain, to induce antigen-specific antibodies (Ab) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the present study, rabbits were immunized IT with inactivated rabies virus to investigate the origins of CSF Ab. The time course of Ab induction and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression suggested the possibility that the CSF Ab originated in the serum. In addition, Ab-producing cells infiltrated around the blood vessels of the brain, suggesting local production of Ab within the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, subcutaneous (SC) immunization prior to IT immunization induced a rapid and magnified Ab response in the CSF compared with IT immunization alone. These results were confirmed by the fact that mice immunized SC prior to IT were more resistant to intracerebral challenge with rabies virus than mice immunized via the IT route alone. Taken together, these results suggest that combined SC and IT immunization is a more effective vaccination protocol for prophylaxis and treatment of rabies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoshima
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sunden
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011817:Rabbits; D011818:Rabies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011819:Rabies Vaccines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha