title: Unusual regioversatility of acetyltransferase Eis, a cause of drug resistance in XDR-TB.
abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global threat. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used as a last resort to treat XDR-TB. Resistance to the aminoglycoside kanamycin is a hallmark of XDR-TB. Here, we reveal the function and structure of the mycobacterial protein Eis responsible for resistance to kanamycin in a significant fraction of kanamycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. We demonstrate that Eis has an unprecedented ability to acetylate multiple amines of many aminoglycosides. Structural and mutagenesis studies of Eis indicate that its acetylation mechanism is enabled by a complex tripartite fold that includes two general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5)-related N-acetyltransferase regions. An intricate negatively charged substrate-binding pocket of Eis is a potential target of new antitubercular drugs expected to overcome aminoglycoside resistance.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Vanessa R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Oleg V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Tsodikov
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garneau-Tsodikova
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D054908:Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007612:Kanamycin; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C430563:Eis protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; C019681:aminoglycoside acetyltransferase