title: Future of personalized pharmacotherapy in chronic heart failure patients.
abstract: There is a significant amount of diversity among heart failure (HF) patients. Contemporary HF regimens often do not take into consideration many of the factors that might influence an individual's response to treatment. Clinical recommendations based on trial data derived from mainly younger Caucasian male study populations have, in most cases, been applied equally to women and African-Americans. Subgroup analyses of randomized HF trials and results of retrospective cohort studies have been used for customizing HF regimens in women and African-Americans. Pharmacogenetics is an emerging strategy for personalizing HF therapy. Genetic biomarkers may play an important role in predicting a patient's response to treatment and in predicting those at risk of toxicity. HF pharmacotherapy has improved over the last two decades; however, substantial work remains in order to personalize HF management and maximize the benefit of pharmacologic interventions, while limiting adverse events.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, B3-322, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 1420, USA. nnorgard@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Nicholas B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Norgard
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Prescott
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004077:Digoxin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D005819:Genetic Markers; D004077:Digoxin; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate