title: Enhancement of immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 by heat treatment and culture medium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of heat treatment and culture media on the immunoregulatory effects of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 (TMC0356).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMC0356 cultured in deMan-Rogosa-Sharpe and same food grade (FG) media were inactivated with the heat treatment at 70 and 90°C. Viable and heat-killed TMC0356 were tested for their ability to induce interleukin (IL)-12 production in the murine macrophage cell line J774.1. These TMC0356 were examined for their resistance to N-acetylmuramidase. Their morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The heat-killed TMC0356 significantly induced IL-12 production in J774.1 cells and exhibited enhanced resistance to N-acetylmuramidase compared with viable TMC0356. Morphological changes were observed in TMC0356 when cultured in FG medium. Cell morphology and induction of IL-12 production in J774.1 cells were also associated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that heat treatment and culture medium composition modified the immunoregulatory effects of TMC0356 to induce IL-12 production in macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that probiotic immunoregulatory effects may be modified by the processing technology of cell preparation.
authors.affiliation: Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000633:toxicity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050296:Microbial Viability; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D018664:Interleukin-12; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C026255:endo-N-acetylmuramidase