title: Feasibility of capillary liquid chromatography-microchip-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry for pesticide analysis in tomato.
abstract: A new and sensitive analytical method, using capillary liquid chromatography (capLC) with a microfabricated heated nebulizer chip for atmospheric pressure photoionization and tandem mass spectrometry (μAPPI-MS/MS), was developed for the analysis of selected carbamate pesticides in a tomato matrix. The performance of the instrumental method was evaluated, using seven pesticides, namely oxamyl, methomyl, aldicarb, carbofuran, pirimicarb, thiocarb, and ditalimfos. The limits of detection achieved with the capLC-μAPPI-MS/MS method in the positive ion mode were low, ranging from 0.25 ng mL(-1) for pirimicarb to 5 ng mL(-1) for oxamyl and methomyl, corresponding to 5 and 0.25 μg kg(-1) for tomato samples, respectively, which are clearly below the maximum residue limits for them in fruits and vegetables. The repeatability of the instrumental method ranged from 2.9 to 13.9% (RSD) at a low (0.05 μg mL(-1)) concentration level. An adequate linearity (r(2)=0.984-0.999) at a concentration range from 0.005 to 5.0 μg mL(-1) was observed for all pesticides. The results obtained show that the capLC-μAPPI-MS/MS method developed could be used for the analysis of selected pesticides from tomato.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruve
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapala
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saarela
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franssila
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostiainen
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotiaho
authors.forename: Raimo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ketola
mesh_terms: D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D046208:Microchip Analytical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D010575:Pesticides