title: Forequarter amputation combined with chest wall resection: a single-center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Forequarter amputation combined with chest wall resection is a rarely performed procedure. Six patients were treated for advanced malignancies with this operation in our institution since 1993. Uncontrollable pain, lymphedema, loss of function of the affected limb and, in some patients, localized ulceration of the tumor at the time of presentation, provided the indication for the operation. All patients underwent radical amputation of the upper limb and the structures of the shoulder girdle, in combination with resection of the thoracic chest wall in an extent of 2 to 7 ribs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chest wall reconstruction was achieved by implantation of a polytetrafluoroethylene patch (n=5) or a combination of a metal implant (Stratos System R, MedXpert GmbH, Heitersheim, Germany) and a polytetrafluoroethylene patch (n=1). Myocutaneous coverage of the defects was achieved by use of pedicled flaps from adjacent tissue (n=3) or by free myocutaneous flaps harvested from the amputated forearm (n=3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No perioperative mortality occurred; however, significant morbidity was seen after the use of the free forearm flaps based on occurring vascular problems. All 3 patients had to undergo surgical revision of the flap. Survival ranged from 5 to 50 months (median=23.5 months) with 3 patients still alive at the time of this investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forequarter amputation in combination with chest wall resection is a feasible and potentially curative treatment for malignant tumors of the shoulder girdle with invasion of the chest wall. The operation results in immediate palliation and long-term survival can be obtained in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nierlich
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Funovics
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominkus
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aszmann
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klepetko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000601:surgery*