title: Side effects of radiation in musculoskeletal oncology: clinical evaluation of radiation-induced fractures.
abstract: Radiation therapy and chemotherapy, while they remain an essential part of the multidisciplinary treatment of cancers, they have led to unwanted complications. Radiation-induced complications include wound and bone, growth, nervous system, tumorigenic, lung, gastrointestinal, hepatic and other complications. In this article we review the side effects of radiation therapy in musculoskeletal oncology emphasizing on bone, present our long experience, and discuss the current literature regarding radiation-induced bone complications and their management and outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Bologna, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mavrogenis
authors.forename: Eisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romantini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maccauro
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011859:Radiography; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000528:radiation effects; D055815:Young Adult