title: Differential gene expression during atrial structural remodeling in human left and right atrial appendages in atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling increases the vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF). Some gene expressions are crucial for the metabolism of ECM. The left atrium plays an important role in maintaining AF. However, most studies investigated only the right atrial tissue. We therefore chose human tissue samples from both the left and right atrial to detect the different gene expressions during structural remodeling in AF. The atrial appendages tissue samples from 24 patients with chronic AF and 12 patients with sinus rhythm were obtained when they were undergoing mitral/aortic valve replacement operation. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), disintegrin, metalloproteases-15, and integrins β1 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In AF group, the level of MMP-9 in left atrial appendage (LAA) was increased (P< 0.001), while integrin β1 level was decreased (P< 0.05) compared with those expressed in right atrial appendage (RAA) tissue. The levels of disintegrin, metalloproteinases-15, and TIMP-1 genes in the LAA and RAA had no significant differences. The results demonstrated that the gene expressions in the LAA and RAA are different during AF, which implied that the mechanism of atrial structural remodeling in AF is due to multiple sources and is complicated.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D019012:Integrin beta1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D051722:ADAM Proteins; C098660:ADAM15 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9