title: Apocynin stimulates osteoblast differentiation and inhibits bone-resorbing mediators in MC3T3-E1 cells.
abstract: Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase. In the present study, the effect of apocynin on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was studied. Apocynin caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization in the cells (P<0.05). Antimycin A (AMA), which inhibits complex III of the electron transport system, has been used as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator in biological systems. We exposed cultured osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to AMA with or without pretreatment with apocynin. Apocynin significantly (P<0.05) increased cell survival, calcium deposition, and osteoprotegerin release and decreased the production of ROS and osteoclast differentiation inducing factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) in the presence of AMA. These results demonstrate that apocynin can protect osteoblasts from mitochondrial dysfunction-induced toxicity and may have positive effects on skeletal structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Education Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C506031:Tnfrsf11b protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000968:Antimycin A; C056165:acetovanillone