title: Evaluation of ischemia-reperfusion liver injury by near-infrared spectroscopy in an experimental swine model: the effect of desferoxamine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury has long been regarded a primary factor for the physiological dysfunction that can occur following major liver resection performed under vascular control. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of treatment with desferoxamine (DFO), a potent antioxidative agent, monitoring the I-R injury on a porcine model of major hepatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve female pigs were allocated to control (n = 6) and DFO groups (n = 6) and underwent 30 min of liver ischemia, during which a ≥30% hepatectomy was performed, followed by six hours of postoperative monitoring. The DFO group animals were preconditioned with a continuous iv solution of DFO to a total dose of 100 mg/kg during their postoperative period. Liver remnants (≈70% of initial liver volume) were evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy, serum lactate measurement of the systemic, portal and hepatic vein blood, and by immunohistochemical assessment of apoptosis in consecutive liver biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DFO group demonstrated considerably faster restoration of tissue oxygenation (92.33% vs. 80%, p < .05) and serum lactate values (1.23 mmol/l vs. 2.27 mmol/l, p < .05). Moreover, apoptosis as estimated by TUNEL and caspase-3 staining was significantly lower in the DFO group (0.06% vs. 1.17% and 1.17% vs. 2%, respectively, p < .05). The severity of the I-R injury showed a linear correlation to the restoration of tissue oxygenation, as estimated by infrared-spectroscopy (r(2) = 0.81, p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron chelation with DFO appears to attenuate I-R injury of the liver remnant following hepatectomy, as reflected by faster restoration of tissue oxygenation and lower apoptotic activity.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgical Laboratory, Athens University School of Medicine, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece. mkyriazi@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kyriazi
authors.forename: Kassiani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theodoraki
authors.forename: Theodosios
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theodosopoulos
authors.forename: Theodosios
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thedosopoulos
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsiantoula
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fragulidis
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kostopanagiotou
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smyrniotis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arkadopoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001706:Biopsy; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D007773:Lactates; D053148:Caspase 3; D003676:Deferoxamine