title: Prognostic value of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in penile squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) has prognostic value of lymph node metastases and cancer-specific survival in penile squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  CA IX expression was detected in the primary disease of 73 penile cancer patients using the method of immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of CA IX were categorized into 2 groups according to the cutoff of 10% of positively stained tumor cells. Associations between CA IX expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, immunoreactivity of p53 and Ki-67, and outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High CA IX expression was observed in 31 (42.5%) of cases. CA IX expression was not associated with patient age, T stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and Ki-67 expression, but was associated with p53 expression (P = 0.015). Both univariate and multivariate analysis failed to show CA IX expression was a statistically significant predictor of lymph node metastases and cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical expression of CA IX did not associate with lymph node metastases and cancer-specific survival in penile squamous cell carcinoma. A panel of prognostic markers that reflect the characteristic of tumor cell and organ microenvironment may be more suitable for prognostication in penile cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xu-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Shi-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Hai-Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ding-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010413:Penis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases