title: The role of CXCR4 signaling in the migration of transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitors into the cerebral white matter.
abstract: Enhancing the ability of either endogenous or transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) to engage in myelination may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to demyelinating diseases of the brain. It is known that in adults neural progenitors situated in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) are capable of generating OPs which can migrate into white matter tracts such as the corpus callosum (CC). We observed that progenitor cells in the SVZ of adult mice expressed CXCR4 chemokine receptors and that the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 was expressed in the CC. We therefore investigated the role of chemokine signaling in regulating the migration of OPs into the CC following their transplantation into the lateral ventricle. We established OP cell cultures from Olig2-EGFP mouse brains. These cells expressed a variety of chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 receptors. Olig2-EGFP OPs differentiated into CNPase-expressing oligodendrocytes in culture. To study the migratory capacity of Olig2-EGFP OPs in vivo, we transplanted them into the lateral ventricles of mice. Donor cells migrated into the CC and differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes. This migration was enhanced in animals with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). Inhibition of CXCR4 receptor expression in OPs using shRNA inhibited the migration of transplanted OPs into the white matter suggesting that their directed migration is regulated by CXCR4 signaling. These findings indicate that CXCR4 mediated signaling is important in guiding the migration of transplanted OPs in the context of inflammatory demyelinating brain disease.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E Superior Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. g-banisadr@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Ghazal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banisadr
authors.forename: Terra J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: Dongjun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Hosung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques
chemical_list: C514936:CXCR4 protein, mouse; D018925:Chemokines; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D012313:RNA