title: Persistence of vaccine-induced measles antibody beyond age 12 months: a comparison of response to one and two doses of Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine among HIV-infected and uninfected children in Malawi.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we demonstrated that measles antibody prevalence was lower at age 12 months among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than uninfected children following measles vaccination (MV) at ages 6 and 9 months. Among HIV-uninfected children, measles antibody prevalence was lower among 1- than 2-dose MV recipients. Here, we report results through age 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children born to HIV-infected mothers received MV at 6 and 9 months, and children of HIV-uninfected mothers were randomized to MV at 6 and 9 months or MV at 9 months. We followed children through age 24 months. The child's HIV status was determined and measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) on a subset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among HIV-uninfected children, the difference in measles antibody prevalence at age 12 months between one- and two-dose recipients reported previously by EIA was shown to be smaller by PRN. By age 24 months, 84% and 87% of HIV-uninfected children receiving 1 or 2 doses, respectively, were seroprotected. Only 41% of 22 HIV-infected children were measles seroprotected at age 20 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measles seroprotection persisted through age 24 months among HIV-uninfected children who received 1 or 2 doses of MV. HIV-infected children demonstrated seroprotection through age 12 months, but this was not sustained.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. afowlkes@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fowlkes
authors.forename: Desiree
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beeler
authors.forename: Susette
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audet
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curns
authors.forename: Chunfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fudzulani
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Broadhead
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cutts
authors.forename: Rita F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Helfand
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine