title: Changes in cognitive-emotional and physiological symptoms of depression following STN-DBS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been shown to have beneficial effects on the motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its impact on non-motor symptoms, most notably mood, has not been fully explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first study to independently compare the emotional-cognitive and somatic/physiological symptoms of depression, we examined mood differences in 17 bilateral STN-DBS and 22 matched non-surgical PD patients at baseline and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The STN-DBS group reported higher levels of depression at baseline with significant endorsement of physical symptomatology. Postoperatively, no significant between-group differences in physical symptoms of depression were found. In contrast, a significant group by time interaction for cognitive-emotional symptoms of depression was found, with the STN-DBS group reporting an increase in psychological symptoms of distress. The STN-DBS group also reported an increase in anxiety following surgery. The suicide rate of 5% found in our study is consistent with other postoperative studies in PD. The impact of changes in levodopa and psychotropic medication are also explored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary results suggest that the motor improvement often observed in patients with PD following bilateral STN-DBS may be partially offset by an increase in affective-cognitive symptoms of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Strutt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankovic
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: York
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*