title: The management of pancreatic injuries in children: operate or observe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The critical management decision in pediatric pancreatic injuries involves whether or not to operate on patients with grade II or III injuries. Because of the rarity of these injuries, no one hospital cares for enough patients to determine the outcome of this decision. Given this, the American Pediatric Surgical Association accrued a series of patients with pancreatic injuries from the members of its Trauma Committee.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of concurrent pancreatic injuries from 9 level 1 pediatric trauma centers was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on 131 children were submitted. Forty-three patients suffered grade II or grade III injuries. Twenty patients underwent an operation, and 23 were observed. Patients who underwent an operation had an average length of stay of 16.1 days compared with 14.2 days. Two in the operative group received total parenteral nutrition compared with 12 in the nonoperative group. Eight in the nonoperative group developed a pseudocyst compared with 3 in the operative group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with grade II or grade III pancreatic injuries managed nonoperatively had a higher rate of pseudocyst, lower rate of reoperation, and a comparable length of stay compared with those who underwent surgery. These data will be used to help design a prospective study of pancreatic injury management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mooney
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014193:Trauma Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome