title: Correlation between facial asymmetry, shoulder imbalance, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
abstract: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to examine the correlation between facial asymmetry, shoulder imbalance, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Sixty-nine adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent whole-spine standing anteroposterior radiographs and frontal cephalograms. Patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups depending on Cobb angle (10°-25°, 25°-40°, and >40°, respectively). Facial measurements included maxilla height difference, ramus length difference, and anterior nasal spine-menton angle. Shoulder measurements included coracoid height difference, clavicular angle, clavicle-rib intersection difference, and radiographic shoulder height.The anterior nasal spine-menton angle in the severe group (>40°) was higher than in the other groups (P<.05), as was the clavicle-rib intersection difference (P<.05). In addition, the magnitude of the curve showed a possible correlation with the anterior nasal spine-menton angle and clavicle-rib intersection difference in scoliosis patients (r=0.433 and r=0.511, respectively). According to different curve patterns, the anterior nasal spine-menton angle and clavicle-rib intersection difference were significantly higher in the double thoracic group than in the other groups (P<.05). In the correlation analysis, the ramus length difference and anterior nasal spine-menton angle had a possible correlation with the coracoid height difference, clavicular angle, radiographic shoulder height, and clavicle-rib intersection difference (P<.05).
authors.affiliation: Scoliosis Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Hitesh N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.forename: Jae-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Dong-Yul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Young-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012782:Shoulder / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D055815:Young Adult