title: Reproductive component vaccine developments for contraceptive and non-contraceptive uses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been no novel contraceptive development since 'the Pill', 50 years ago. Despite the subsequent steady increase in the use of contraceptives, the contraceptive needs of a significant proportion of the world population have not yet been met. The key need is for novel, effective, practical, long-lasting, affordable, non-steroidal contraceptives. Immunocontraception, based on vaccination against components of the reproductive system that do not affect other physiological systems, fulfils most of the criteria of such a contraceptive. To date, immunocontraceptives have been developed for animal use and the application to human contraception is an exciting proposition. In addition, immunocontraceptive research has provided a greater understanding of the vaccination against 'self-antigens' and has led to non-contraceptive developments for these vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review provides an understanding of the historic context of immunocontraceptives and the progress that has been made. In some cases, the contraceptive aspect has been abandoned, but the knowledge gained has enabled other therapeutic advances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reproductive research is still an important area and innovations continue to arise, which offer hope for new therapeutics in reproduction and related fields.
authors.affiliation: University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , 161 Cathedral Street, Hamnett Wing, Room 3.04, Glasgow, G4 0RE , UK. v.a.ferro@strath.ac.uk
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Garside
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000276:immunology; D003269:Contraception, Immunologic; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000276:immunology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000276:immunology; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000276:immunology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000276:immunology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology; D022642:Vaccines, Contraceptive / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D006062:Gonadotropins; D022642:Vaccines, Contraceptive; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone