title: Low-molecular-weight fucoidan regulates myogenic differentiation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in C2C12 cells.
abstract: Low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) has been broadly studied in recent years due to its numerous biological properties. Nevertheless, there have been no reports about the effects of LMWF on myogenic differentiation (MyoD). The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the impact of LMWF on myogenesis in C2C12 cells. The ultimate aim was to establish whether LMWF regulates myogenesis similar to heparin as a partial regulator of myogenesis. LMWF was prepared at a minimal size by ultra-filtration compared with crude fucoidan. We treated C2C12 cells with LMWF and/or heparin during MyoD. The data from the present study are the first to suggest that LMWF suppresses the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors and the myocyte enhancer factors as well as the morphological changes that occur during differentiation. Additionally, the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family was significantly inhibited by LMWF when compared with controls. The LMWF-treated group showed significantly decreased expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) enzymes compared with control cells. Heparin was used as a positive control because it has been reported to activate MyoD. Taken together, these results suggest that LMWF might regulate MyoD through the MAPK pathway and by regulating ROS activity in C2C12 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Kyonggi 463-836, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kui-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ok-Hwan
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Boo-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008970:Molecular Weight; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics; D032448:Myoblasts, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics; D018008:Myogenin / Q000235:genetics; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017931:DNA Primers; D017570:MyoD Protein; C057363:MyoD1 myogenic differentiation protein; C503801:Myog protein, mouse; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D018008:Myogenin; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C063403:myogenic factor 6; D006493:Heparin; C007789:fucoidan