title: Is alcohol more dangerous than heroin? The physical, social and financial costs of alcohol.
abstract: A recent paper claimed in its classification of harmful substances, that alcohol is more dangerous than heroin. This paper aims to weigh up some of the evidence in the literature on the physical, social and financial effects of alcohol and the associated disease burden. We will also explore alcohol within the context of emergency department (ED) presentations. Reasons for ED attendance can be overtly and directly alcohol related such as alcohol intoxication, assaults, injuries and falls and indirectly such as child neglect, psychological problems and chronic diseases. Alcohol is often viewed as an isolated incident or factor for ED presentations but there are data that refute this perception. In ED, the priority is to treat the patient and their primary complaint, however it may be appropriate to screen for alcohol use, give advice and potentially offer an intervention to the patient. With the recent UK and Australian guidelines on reducing health risks from drinking alcohol, the ED has the ability to play an active role in reducing the harmful effects of alcohol through screening, advising and undertaking intervention as appropriate. However this cannot be achieved in isolation but within the broader political and health policy framework. There is now a growing body of literature supporting the need to make alcohol less affordable, less easy to buy and reducing alcohol advertising. Although alcohol is a legal substance, this paper concludes that examining the wider effects in physical, social and financial terms, alcohol is more dangerous than heroin. It has become an endemic problem in society affecting the individual and the whole community.
authors.affiliation: Alfred/LaTrobe Clinical School of Nursing, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. gerry_a_lee@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Geraldine A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsythe
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000633:toxicity*; D012940:Social Problems; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs