title: Prostate-derived Ets transcription factor (PDEF) is a potential prognostic marker in patients with prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced expression of prostate-derived Ets transcription factor (PDEF) leads to morphologic change as well as increased migration and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. However, the clinical relevance of PDEF expression and its relationship to anti-apoptotic protein survivin is yet to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays of 73 prostate carcinomas and their adjacent benign prostate tissue, as well as 50 benign prostates were evaluated for PDEF expression by immunohistochemistry. Results were confirmed in available tumor tissues using Western blot and RT-PCR. Expression of survivin in prostate carcinoma and benign tissues were determined using Western blot. Results and correlation with clinical data were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' specimens with low Gleason scores (GS < 5) expressed higher levels of PDEF protein and lower levels of survivin protein when compared with moderate-to-high GS tumors (GS > 6). Patients with PDEF-positive tumor survived significantly longer (P < 0.0001) than patients with PDEF-negative tumor, and the 8-year survival rate was 94% and 40%, respectively. PDEF expression was detected at the highest levels in benign tissues and was down-regulated or lost in 30 recently diagnosed prostate carcinomas. Re-expression of PDEF in prostate cancer cells inhibited survivin expression. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with methylseleninic acid resulted in restoration of PDEF expression, down-regulation of survivin, and inhibition of tumor cell growth when compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies demonstrated an inverse correlation between PDEF and survivin expression, and that up-regulation of PDEF was associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Buffalo, New York, USA ali.ghadersohi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghadersohi
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shaozeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rami G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Azrak
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.forename: Masoud H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Manjili
authors.forename: Fengzhi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C403974:SPDEF protein, human; D000077022:Survivin