title: Acute bacterial inflammation of the mouse prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostatic inflammation is gaining increasing attention as a potential etiologic factor in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, and CPPS. This study was performed to address the need for a well characterized model of acute prostatic inflammation that may be used to study the effect of acute inflammation on epithelial and stromal cell proliferation, voiding behavior, and neurovascular physiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uropathogenic E. coli 1677 was instilled transurethrally into adult C57BL/6J male mice. Prostates were analyzed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, or 14 days post-instillation and compared to saline-instilled and naïve controls. Time course and severity of inflammation were characterized by the quantity and type of inflammatory infiltrate present, hemorrhage, proliferation, and reactive hyperplasia. RT-PCR was performed to characterize inflammatory mediators including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-18, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, TNFα, and COX-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammation was evident in all lobes of the prostate with the DLP most severely affected. Infection consistently led to a significant increase in neutrophils and macrophages in the early stages of prostate infection, followed by lymphocytic inflammation at the later time points. Inflammation was accompanied by induction of several inflammatory genes, including IL-1 family members, IL-6, and COX-2, and induced a significant increase in epithelial proliferation and reactive hyperplasia in all three prostate lobes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral inoculation of uropathogenic E. coli 1677 reliably infects the mouse prostate, produces a significant inflammatory response, and induces quantifiable epithelial proliferation and reactive hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Bayli J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Colopy
authors.forename: Travis J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jerde
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.forename: Wade
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bushman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006965:Hyperplasia; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2