title: Long-term oral nitrate therapy is associated with adverse outcome in diabetic patients following elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the impact of long-term oral nitrate therapy on clinical outcome following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with type II diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) following elective PCI for stable coronary artery disease was evaluated in 108 patients with type II diabetes (age 64.6±10.5 years, 67.7% men). Major adverse cardiovascular events were defined as the need for revascularization, non-fatal myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of MACEs by clinical characteristics and the prescription of long-term nitrate therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) was prescribed to 46 patients with an average dose of 44.3±15.2 mg/day. After a mean follow up of 25.3±25 months, 16 patients developed MACEs. Patients who received ISMN were more likely to suffer from MACEs (26.1% vs. 6.5%, P=0.01), mainly driven by a higher rate of acute coronary syndrome (13.0 vs 0%, P=0.01). Average daily dose of nitrate and other cardiovascular medication was not associated with MACEs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that prescription of only ISMN (Hazard Ratio 3.09, 95% CI 1.10-10.21, P=0.04) was an independent predictor for the development of MACEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term oral nitrate therapy was associated with MACEs following elective coronary artery revascularization by PCI in patients with type II diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kai Hang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yiu
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pong
authors.forename: Chung Wah
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Chu Pak
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Hung Fat
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tse
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; C030397:isosorbide-5-mononitrate