title: Vocal tract area functions and formant frequencies in opera tenors' modal and falsetto registers.
abstract: According to recent model investigations, vocal tract resonance is relevant to vocal registers. However, no experimental corroboration of this claim has been published so far. In the present investigation, ten professional tenors' vocal tract configurations were analyzed using MRI volumetry. All subjects produced a sustained tone on the pitch F4 (349 Hz) on the vowel /a/ (1) in modal and (2) in falsetto register. The area functions were estimated from the MRI data and their associated formant frequencies were calculated. In a second condition the same subjects repeated the same tasks in a sound treated room and their formant frequencies were estimated by means of inverse filtering. In both recordings similar formant frequencies were observed. Vocal tract shapes differed between modal and falsetto register. In modal as compared to falsetto the lip opening and the oral cavity were wider and the first formant frequency was higher. In this sense the presented results are in agreement with the claim that the formant frequencies differ between registers.
authors.affiliation: Institut of Musicians' Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Strasse 60, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echternach
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markl
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008046:Lip / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000502:physiology; D009146:Music; D010699:Phonation; D011312:Pressure; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014732:Vibration; D014833:Voice Quality