title: Transcranial direct current stimulation does not modulate motor cortex excitability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease caused by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. The etiology of ALS is unclear, but there is evidence that loss of cortical inhibition could be related to motor neuron degeneration. We sought to determine whether cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce cortical excitability in patients with ALS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three sessions of cathodal tDCS, lasting 7, 11, or 15 minutes, were performed in 10 patients and 10 healthy controls. Corticospinal excitability was measured before and after the tDCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cathodal tDCS induced a consistent decrease in corticospinal excitability in healthy controls, but not in ALS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The failure of tDCS to produce an excitability shift in the patients supports the potential diagnostic value of tDCS as a marker of upper motor neuron involvement. However, variation in corticospinal excitability measurements both inter- and intraindividually will limit its usefulness.
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology/Clinical Neurophysiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. mam.munneke@neuro.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Moniek A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Munneke
authors.forename: Dick F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stegeman
authors.forename: Yvonne A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Hengeveld
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rongen
authors.forename: H Jurgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schelhaas
authors.forename: Machiel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zwarts
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods