title: Interesting anticandidal effects of anisic aldehydes on growth and proton-pumping-ATPase-targeted activity.
abstract: Attention has been drawn to evaluate the antifungal activity of p-anisaldehyde (1), o-anisaldehyde (2) and m-anisaldehyde (3). To put forward this approach, antifungal activity has been assessed in thirty six fluconazole-sensitive and eleven fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates. Growth and sensitivity of the organisms were significantly effected by test compounds at different concentrations. The rapid irreversible action of compound-1, compound-2 and compound-3 on fungal cells suggested a membrane-located target for their action. We investigated their effect on H(+) ATPase mediated H(+)-pumping by various Candida species. All the compounds inhibit H(+)- ATPase activity at their respective MIC(90) values. Inhibition of H(+) ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed deep wrinkles, deformity and flowed content. Furthermore, it was also observed that position of methoxy group attached to the benzene ring decides antifungal activity of the compound. The present study indicates that compound-1, compound-2 and compound-3 have significant antifungal activity against Candida, including azole-resistant strains, advocating further investigation for clinical applications in the treatment of fungal infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
authors.forename: Sheikh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shreaz
authors.forename: Rimple
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Neelofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Sheikh Imran
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Sumathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muralidhar
authors.forename: Seemi F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Basir
authors.forename: Nikhat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.forename: Luqman A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D015725:Fluconazole; C024896:4-anisaldehyde; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases