title: Hepatitis B virus X protein activates CD59 involving DNA binding and let-7i in protection of hepatoma and hepatic cells from complement attack.
abstract: Emerging evidence has shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Complement regulatory proteins including CD46, CD55 and CD59 contribute to escape of tumor cells from complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). However, little is known about the potential role of HBx in anti-CDC activity during hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, we for the first time report that HBx decreases the sensitivity of hepatoma and hepatic cells to CDC. Coincidentally, we demonstrated that HBx increased the promoter activity of CD59, as well as their messenger RNA and protein levels. Moreover, flow cytometry showed the increased expression level of CD59 protein on the surface of HBx-positive cells. Of interest, we found that HBx up-regulated CD59 by binding with cAMP response element-binding to the promoter region of the CD59 gene using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we showed that HBx up-regulated CD59 by let-7i at post-transcriptional regulation level. Our data showed that the deposition of C5b-9 were decreased on the cell surface in HepG2-X cells relative to HepG2 cells, suggesting that increased CD59 mediated by HBx prevents the formation of functional membrane attack complex. Furthermore, we demonstrated that down-regulation of CD59 was sufficient to abolish the resistance capability of CDC in HBx-positive cells by RNA interference (siRNA) in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that HBx contributes to cells resistance to CDC through CD59. Therapeutically, CD59 may serve as a target in HBV-associated hepatoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changliang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xiaona
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Guangyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018957:CD59 Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D018957:CD59 Antigens; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein; C487931:mirnlet7 microRNA, human; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D008156:Luciferases