title: Folate analysis in foods by UPLC-MS/MS: development and validation of a novel, high throughput quantitative assay; folate levels determined in Australian fortified breads.
abstract: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, optimised and validated for the quantification of synthetic folic acid (FA), also called pteroyl-L: -glutamic acid or vitamin B9 and naturally occurring 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) found in folate-fortified breads. Optimised sample preparation prior to analysis involved addition of (13)C(5) labelled internal standards, treatments with α-amylase and rat serum, solid-phase extraction using aromatic-selective cartridges and ultra-filtration. Analytes were separated on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 column during a 6-min run and analysed by positive ion electrospray selected reaction monitoring MS/MS. Standard calibration curves for the two analytes were linear over the range of 0.018-14 μg FA/g of fresh bread (r(2) = 0.997) and 9.3-900 ng 5-MTHF/g of fresh bread (r(2) = 0.999). The absolute recoveries were 90% and 76% for FA and 5-MTHF, respectively. Intra-day coefficients of variation were 3% for FA and 18% for 5-MTHF. The limit of detection was 9.0 ng/g for FA and 4.3 ng/g for 5-MTHF, determined using pre-extracted tapioca starch as the blank matrix. The assay is rugged, fast, accurate and sensitive, applicable to a variety of food matrices and is capable of the detection and quantification of the naturally occurring low levels of 5-MTHF in wheat breads. The findings of this study revealed that the FA range in Australian fortified breads was 79-110 μg/100 g of fresh bread and suggest that the flour may not have the mandated FA fortification level (200-300 μg/100 g of flour), though this cannot be determined conclusively from experimental bread data alone, as variable baking losses have been documented by other authors.
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Chandra-Hioe
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bucknall
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arcot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013763:Tetrahydrofolates / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D013763:Tetrahydrofolates; D005492:Folic Acid; C005984:5-methyltetrahydrofolate