title: Toxicological studies on a novel phytase expressed from synthetic genes in Aspergillus oryzae.
abstract: Phytases are widely used as feed additives for monogastric animals, which cannot easily utilise the phosphorus bound in phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). The current study presents a safety evaluation of a 6-phytase produced by an Aspergillus oryzae strain expressing two synthetic genes, both mimicking a phytase gene from a Citrobacter braakii strain. Oral administration of the phytase preparation to rats at a dose level of 0.86 g total organic solids/kg body weight/day for 13 weeks did not cause any adverse effect. The phytase preparation did not exhibit irritative potential when applied locally to the eyes of rabbits or when applied to the skin using the in vitro three-dimensional epidermis model of adult human-derived epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, the phytase preparation was found not to represent mutagenic or clastogenic potential in the bacterial reverse mutation assay and in the in vitro micronucleus assays. Based on the toxicological data, the large safety factors calculated under common recommended dose assumptions for broiler chickens and weaned piglets, and the fact that Aspergillus oryzae is considered a safe strain lineage, it is concluded that there are no reasons for safety concerns when using this phytase as a feed additive.
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Toxicology, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lichtenberg
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Elvig-Joergensen
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Glitsoe
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D002645:Chickens; D002954:Citrobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects; D005503:Food Additives / Q000633:toxicity*; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005503:Food Additives; D010832:6-Phytase