title: Airway smooth muscle and immunomodulation in acute exacerbations of airway disease.
abstract: Airway smooth muscle (ASM) manifests a hyperresponsive phenotype in airway disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. Current evidence also suggests that ASM modulates immune responses by secreting mediators and expressing cell surface molecules. Such processes amplify or dampen inflammation by inflammatory cells in the airways or by altering cellular responses to viruses, bacteria, or pathogens known to exacerbate airways diseases.
authors.affiliation: Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3413, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Koziol-White
authors.forename: Reynold A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Panettieri
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000276:immunology*; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha