title: Stanniocalcin-1 promotes tumor angiogenesis through up-regulation of VEGF in gastric cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stanniocalcin-1(STC-1) is up-regulated in several cancers including gastric cancer. Evidences suggest that STC-1 is associated with carcinogenesis and angiogenic process. However, it is unclear on the exact role for STC-1 in inducing angiogenesis and tumorigeneisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  BGC/STC cells (high-expression of STC-1) and BGC/shSTC cells (low- expression of STC-1) were constructed to investigate the effect of STC-1 on the xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. ELISA assay was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatants. Neutralizing antibody was used to inhibit VEGF expression in supernatants. The expression of phosphorylated -PKCβII, phosphorylated -ERK1/2 and phosphorylated -P38 in the BGC treated with STC-1protein was detected by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  STC-1 could promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and the angiogenesis was consistent with VEGF expression in vitro. Inhibition of VEGF expression in supernatants with neutralizing antibody markedly abolished angiogenesis induced by STC-1 in vitro. The process of STC-1-regulated VEGF expression was mediated via PKCβII and ERK1/2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  STC-1 promotes the expression of VEGF depended on the activation of PKCβII and ERK1/2 pathways. VEGF subsequently enhances tumor angiogenesis which in turn promotes the gastric tumor growth.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab, Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling-fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ting-ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qian-ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guang-feng
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ya-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-ke
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ya-yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D006023:Glycoproteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C051795:teleocalcin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3