title: Fish, shellfish, and long-chain n-3 fatty acid consumption and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Chinese men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids, found mainly in fish, have been postulated to reduce type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, the role of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and fish intake in the development of T2D remains unresolved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined associations between fish, shellfish, and long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of T2D in a middle-aged Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective population-based cohort study in 51,963 men and 64,193 women free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline with valid dietary information. Dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements were collected. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association of fish, shellfish, and long-chain n-3 fatty acid (in g/d) with risk of T2D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fish, shellfish, and long-chain n-3 fatty acid intakes were inversely associated with T2D in women. The relative risks [RRs (95% CI)] for quintiles of fish intake were 1.00, 0.96 (0.86, 1.06), 0.84 (0.75, 0.94), 0.80 (0.71, 0.90), and 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) (P for trend = 0.003) and for shellfish were 1.00, 0.91 (0.82, 1.01), 0.79 (0.71, 0.89), 0.80 (0.71, 0.91), and 0.86 (0.76, 0.99) (P for trend = 0.006). In men, only the association between shellfish intake and T2D was significant. The RRs (95% CI) for quintiles of fish intake were 1.00, 0.92 (0.75, 1.13), 0.80 (0.65, 1.00), 0.89 (0.72, 1.11), and 0.94 (0.74, 1.17) (P for trend = 0.50) and for shellfish intake were 1.00, 0.93 (0.76, 1.12), 0.70 (0.56, 086), 0.66 (0.53, 0.82), and 0.82 (0.65, 1.02) (P for trend = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An inverse association between fish and shellfish intake and T2D in women was found. No evidence of a detrimental effect of fish intake in this population was observed.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. raquel.villegas@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villegas
authors.forename: Yong-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elasy
authors.forename: Hong-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiao-Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D004032:Diet; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D017747:Seafood; D012758:Shellfish
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3