title: Therapeutic effect of carboxymethylated and quanternized chitosan on insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-induced rats and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: Owing to their distinct biochemical properties, chitosan and its derivatives have a great potential in a range of bioapplications. One such application is as a dietary antilipidemic supplement to be used in reducing obesity and to improve insulin resistance. The lipid-binding efficiency of chitosan and its derivatives, however, remains debatable. Accordingly, in this study we investigated the interaction of chitosan and its two derivatives, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCs) and N-[(2-hydroxy-3-N,N-dimethylhexadecyl ammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride (N-CQCs), with plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and total cholesterol in a diet-induced insulin-resistant rat model, and further interaction with mRNA expression of adipocytokines and its related molecule PPAR-γ. The experiments were performed using the RT-PCR technique in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in which the mRNA expression of leptin, adiponectin, resistin and PPAR-γ was recorded in the absence and presence of chitosan, O-CMCs and N-CQCs. The experimental results proved that chitosan, O-CMCs and N-CQCs not only lowered the level of plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and total cholesterol in vivo, but down-regulated mRNA expression of leptin and resistin, and up-regulated mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in vitro, to achieve the desired insulin resistance therapy.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering , College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University , Tianjin , 300072 , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Anrong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D020738:Leptin; C569571:N-((2-hydroxy-3-N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonium)propyl)chitosan chloride; C504164:O-carboxymethylchitosan; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin; D048271:Chitosan