title: Towards a new crown indicator: an empirical analysis.
abstract: We present an empirical comparison between two normalization mechanisms for citation-based indicators of research performance. These mechanisms aim to normalize citation counts for the field and the year in which a publication was published. One mechanism is applied in the current so-called crown indicator of our institute. The other mechanism is applied in the new crown indicator that our institute is currently exploring. We find that at high aggregation levels, such as at the level of large research institutions or at the level of countries, the differences between the two mechanisms are very small. At lower aggregation levels, such as at the level of research groups or at the level of journals, the differences between the two mechanisms are somewhat larger. We pay special attention to the way in which recent publications are handled. These publications typically have very low citation counts and should therefore be handled with special care.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ludo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Waltman
authors.forename: Nees Jan
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: van Eck
authors.forename: Thed N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Martijn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Anthony F J
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van Raan