title: Gut derived lactic acid bacteria induce strain specific CD4(+) T cell responses in human PBMC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Probiotic bacteria are used as food supplement in many different disease settings. The immune modulating capacity of different strains is not always properly tested which might result in a suboptimal choice of strains for clinical use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CD4 T cell responses to 19 different gut derived lactic acid bacteria were tested with different methods to show their diversity in immune modulation and to make a well-founded choice on which strains to use in future clinical trials. After co-culture of PBMC with bacteria, the induction of CD4(+) T cell subsets (regulatory T cells, T helper type (TH)1, TH2 and TH17) was analysed by rtPCR of transcription factor mRNA, intracellular FACS staining of transcription factors and cytokine production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial strains all have diverse, unique immune modulatory properties. Strains can induce Treg, TH1, TH2 and TH17 cells which can be shown at different levels of T cell activation, and is consistent for most strains tested. For TH1, TH17 and Treg, a positive correlation between the different methods was found. For TH2 cells the correlation was less consistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Probiotic bacteria have very different immune modulating capacities. Analysis of transcription factor mRNA is a suitable method for in vitro characterization of strains prior to clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cellular and Molecular Intervention, Wilhelmina's Children Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.deroock@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Sytze
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Roock
authors.forename: Merel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Elk
authors.forename: Maarten O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Berent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Prakken
authors.forename: Ger T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Rijkers
authors.forename: Ismé M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: de Kleer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger