title: Elevated depressive symptoms and incident stroke in Hispanic, African-American, and White older Americans.
abstract: Although depressive symptoms have been linked to stroke, most research has been in relatively ethnically homogeneous, predominantly white, samples. Using the United States based Health and Retirement Study, we compared the relationships between elevated depressive symptoms and incident first stroke for Hispanic, black, or white/other participants (N = 18,648) and estimated the corresponding Population Attributable Fractions. The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms was higher in blacks (27%) and Hispanics (33%) than whites/others (18%). Elevated depressive symptoms prospectively predicted stroke risk in the whites/other group (HR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.36-1.73) and among blacks (HR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-1.65). The HR was similar but only marginally statistically significant among Hispanics (HR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.92-1.91). The Population Attributable Fraction, indicating the percent of first strokes that would be prevented if the incident stroke rate in those with elevated depressive symptoms was the same as the rate for those without depressive symptoms, was 8.3% for whites/others, 7.8% for blacks, and 10.3% for Hispanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 617, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mglymour@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Glymour
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosheleva
authors.forename: J Robin
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Beatrix D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Capistrant
authors.forename: Kristen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Patton
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*