title: [The health of permanent workers and workers with precarious employment: a literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review research articles about the health of workers with precarious employment (precarious workers).
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles that compared the health status between permanent and precarious workers were systematically searched. The collected articles are discussed with respect to their study design, data source, sample size, country, health outcome, definition of precarious employment, and primary findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight articles were identified by the inclusion criteria. Health outcomes were categorized into four types: occupational injuries, physical health, mental health, and alternative health measurements. Precarious employment was associated with a high prevalence of occupational injuries, higher mortality rate, and inferior degree of mental health. For alternative health measures, access to health services were limited among precarious workers. Sickness absence or leave was taken less often by precarious workers than permanent workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unstable employment and the limited welfare of precarious workers might affect their health in relation to a variety of health-related characteristics while several studies concluded that permanent workers had an inferior health status. Therefore, the current social climate, which allows precarious employment with low benefits and diverse work contracts, might be detrimental for workers' health, in general.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan. inoue-ph@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikitani
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsurugano
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014943:Global Health; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D016272:Occupational Health; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data