title: Patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in Pogostemon cablin Benth.
abstract: During the screening of anti-influenza virus substances from traditional herbal medicines, the methanol extract from the leaves of Pogostemon cablin Benth. showed potent in vitro antiviral activity (99.8% inhibition at a concentration of 10 μg/mL) against influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). The anti-influenza virus principle was isolated from the hexane-soluble fraction, through solvent fractionation, repeated silica gel column chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The major active principle was a volatile substance that was identified as a sesquiterpene, patchouli alcohol (1), on the basis of its spectral analyses. When anti-influenza virus activity against A/PR/8/34 was evaluated by the plaque forming assay, patchouli alcohol reduced the number of plaques by 75% at 2 μg/mL and 89% at 10 μg/mL. Patchouli alcohol showed dose-dependent anti-influenza virus activity, and its IC(50) value was estimated to be 2.635 μM. Although 11 different sesquiterpenes were tested for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34, no or negligible activity was observed except for patchouli alcohol. Patchouli alcohol did not show anti-influenza virus activity against A/Guizhou/54/89 (H3N2), but showed weak activity against B/Ibaraki/2/85 (IC(50) = 40.82 μM). Patchouli alcohol did not show inhibitory activity against influenza virus neuraminidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. kiyohara@lisci.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ichino
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D012997:Solvents; D014764:Viral Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase; C052983:patchouli alcohol