title: Cellular oxidative damage of HEK293T cells induced by combination of CdCl(2) and nano-TiO (2).
abstract: This study investigated the conjoined cellular oxidative damage of human embryo kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) and nanometer titanium dioxide (nano-TiO(2)). RT-PCR technique was used to detect the expressions of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme (CAT) and concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maldondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by different approaches. The results showed that CdCl(2) and nano-TiO(2) at a low concentration of 0.75 total toxic unit (TU) exerted an additive effects on HO-1 gene expression, CAT activities and MDA concentrations. When the total TU was increased to 1 or 1.25 TU, the interaction was synergetic. Moreover, the mixture with high proportion of CdCl(2) produced an additive effect on the OGG1 gene expression, and the interaction was changed to be synergetic when the concentration of CdCl(2) was lower than or equal to that of nano-TiO(2). Synergetic effects of CdCl(2) and nano-TiO(2) on cellular oxidative damage of HEK293T cells were found as indicated by the changes in the SOD activities and ROS concentrations. It was concluded that CdCl(2) and nano-TiO(2) exerts synergistic effects on the cellular oxidative damage of HEK293T cells, and the sensitivity of these indicators of oxidative damage varies with the proportion of CdCl(2) and nano-TiO(2) in the mixture.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Environment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Environment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ministry of Environment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. zhouyk@mails.tjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yikai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019256:Cadmium Chloride