title: Preventing bone loss and weight gain with combinations of vitamin D and phytochemicals.
abstract: Vitamin D and certain natural compounds have been shown to regulate both lipid metabolism and bone formation. Treatments that prevent or reverse age-related increase in bone marrow adiposity could both increase new bone formation and inhibit bone destruction. We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with combinations of vitamin D and phytochemicals inhibits bone loss and decreases adiposity to a greater extent than control or vitamin D-alone diets. Aged ovariectomized female rats (12 months old, n=50, initial body weight=240 g) were given control (AIN-93M diet), vitamin D (2,400 IU/kg), or vitamin D plus resveratrol (16, 80, or 400 mg/kg of diet [low, medium, and high dose, respectively]), quercetin (80, 400, or 2,000 mg/kg of diet), and genistein (64, 256, or 1,040 mg/kg of diet) for 8 weeks. The high-dose treatment (vitamin D+400 mg/kg resveratrol+2,000 mg/kg quercetin+1,040 mg/kg genistein) reduced body weight gain (P<.05) and the fat pad weights (P<.05). This treatment also increased the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (P<.05) and the bone mineral content of the femur. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses indicated that the high-dose treatment prevented loss of trabecular bone (P<.05) and reduced marrow adipocytes (P<.001) and osteoclasts (P<.05) compared with the control and vitamin D alone (P<.05). We conclude that aged ovariectomized female rats supplemented with vitamin D combined with genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol had improved bone mineral density and reduced body weight gain and a significant decrease in bone marrow adipocytes. The synergistic effects of a combination of phytochemicals with vitamin D may be effective in reducing bone loss and weight gain after menopause.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Ching-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jeong-Yeh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Srujana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rayalam
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Della-Fera
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambati
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hamrick
authors.forename: Diane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hartzell
authors.forename: Clifton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Baile
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010052:Ovariectomy; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D013267:Stilbenes; D014807:Vitamin D; D011794:Quercetin; D019833:Genistein; D000077185:Resveratrol