title: Profound deficit of IL10 at birth in children who develop childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may originate via abnormal immune responses to infectious agents. It is unknown whether prenatal immune development may differ in children who develop the disease. The current study examines the association between neonatal cytokine profiles, a proxy measure for a child's prenatal immune development, and childhood ALL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal blood spots of 116 childhood ALL cases and 116 controls living in California were ascertained. Eleven cytokines associated with Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes were measured using a multiplex bead-based assay. Unconditional logistic regression was done to estimate the odds ratio (OR) by measuring the association between neonatal cytokines and ALL adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and household income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 11 cytokines measured, 5 [interleukin (IL)4, IL6, IL10, IL12, and IL13] were detectable. Except for IL12, the other 4 cytokines were all significantly lower among cases than controls. In a multivariable model including the 5 cytokines, only IL10 remained independently associated with childhood ALL with an OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.18, comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A child's neonatal level of IL10, a key regulator for modulating the intensity and duration of immune responses, is associated with his/her subsequent risk of developing ALL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current analysis shows that children with ALL may have a dysregulated immune function present at birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0520, USA. jeffreychang@nhri.org.tw
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Buffler
authors.forename: Anand P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Chokkalingam
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metayer
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wiemels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10