title: The emerging role of the intestine in metabolic diseases.
abstract: The intestine is an important metabolic organ that has gained attention in recent years for the newly identified role that it plays in the pathophysiology of various metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes. Recent insights regarding the role of enteroendocrine hormones, such as GIP, GLP-1, and PYY in metabolic diseases, as well as the emerging role of the gut microbial community and gastric bypass bariatric surgeries in modulating metabolic function and dysfunction have sparked a wave of interest in understanding the mechanisms involved, in an effort to identify new therapeutics and novel regulators of metabolism. This review summarizes the current evidence that the gastrointestinal tract has a key role in the development of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and diabetes and discusses the possible players that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic and Vascular Diseases Department, Hoffmann La-Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zwingelstein
authors.forename: Cristina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rondinone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054892:Metagenome; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D019894:Peptide YY; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1