title: Gender difference and sex hormone production in rodent renal ischemia reperfusion injury and repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several lines of evidence suggest a protective effect of female sex hormones in several organs subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the study was to investigate sex hormone production in male rats after a renal ischemia-reperfusion sequence and analyze the influence of gender differences on tissue remodelling during the recovery process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-matched sexually mature male and female rats were subjected to 60 min of renal unilateral ischemia by pedicle clamping with contralateral nephrectomy and followed for 1 or 5 days after reperfusion. Plasma creatinine, systemic testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels were determined. Tubular injury, cell proliferation and inflammation, were evaluated as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin and translocator protein (TSPO) expressions by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 1 and 5 days of reperfusion, plasma creatinine was significantly higher in males than in females, supporting the high mortality in this group. After reperfusion, plasma testosterone levels decreased whereas estradiol significantly increased in male rats. Alterations of renal function, associated with tubular injury and inflammation persisted during the 5 days post-ischemia-reperfusion, and a significant improvement was observed in females at 5 days of reperfusion. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and vimentin expression were upregulated in kidneys from males and attenuated in females, in parallel to injury development. TSPO expression was transiently increased in proximal tubules in male rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After ischemia, renal function recovery and tissue injury is gender-dependent. These differences are associated with a modulation of sex hormone production and a modification of tissue remodeling and proliferative cell processes.
authors.affiliation: CHU Poitiers, Service de Réanimation Médicale Poitiers, F-86000, France. r.robert@chu-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Daniel Aiham
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Favreau
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mauco
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hauet
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goujon