title: The prevalence and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in treated HIV-infection.
abstract: HIV-associated morbidity and mortality have declined significantly since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). These developments have allowed an increased focus on associated adverse metabolic effects, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and other adverse outcomes. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the metabolic changes are complicated and not yet fully elucidated due to the difficulty of separating the effects of HIV infection from those of HAART, co-morbidities, or individual patient vulnerabilities. This article reviews studies concerning the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and HIV, HIV-specific effects on diabetes mellitus complications, and HIV-specific diabetes mellitus treatment considerations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Il Joon
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kotler
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008019:Life Style; D015995:Prevalence; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors