title: Urine immunofixation electrophoresis remains important and is complementary to serum free light chain.
abstract: Articles have debated whether or not urine analysis remains valuable for identifying monoclonal gammopathies. A general impression is that the newer serum free light chain (FLC) assay is more analytically sensitive, more quantitative and simpler to perform. Many laboratory directors may have seized on the idea of eliminating urine analysis because it is a tedious procedure and requires expert interpretation while most laboratories can perform automated serum FLC assay. Others have concluded that urine immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) optimizes the diagnostic sensitivity and should be included when there is a clinical indication. Here, I show that papers faulting urine analysis often used inappropriate urine methodology and this helps explain why there was misinterpretation. Moreover, the literature, shows urine IFE is often more sensitive for identifying low-level monoclonal FLC than the serum assay because urine IFE is as sensitive when performed appropriately and generally more specific. Besides, the reference range for serum FLC assay is unclear which is a great problem in assessing response to treatment and in identifying diseases when there is low concentration monoclonal FLC. I conclude that urine IFE remains important and is complementary to serum FLC assay, although the best algorithms for use remains to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs Robley Rex Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA. levinson@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Stanley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Levinson
mesh_terms: D001536:Bence Jones Protein / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007122:Immunoelectrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000097:blood*; D007146:Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains / Q000097:blood*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; D007146:Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains; D001536:Bence Jones Protein