title: Pulmonary function in a cohort of New York City Police Department emergency responders since the 2001 World Trade Center disaster.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comparing pulmonary function since the 2001 World Trade Center disaster, with preexposure data, in a New York City Police Department Emergency Responder cohort, without history of repetitive respiratory exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 206 New York City Police Department Emergency Services Unit members reported Arrival Time, Exposure Location, Duration, Smoking History, Respirator Mask Usage, and Respiratory Symptoms, and underwent clinical evaluation and follow-up spirometry, in 2002 and 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean decline in forced vital capacity of 190 mL (3.7%) was observed 1-year postexposure in 2002, and 330 mL (6.4%) in 2007, compared with baseline data. Forced expiratory volume in the first second was not significantly changed in 2002 but declined 160 mL (3.9%) after 5 further years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal spirometry was observed in (5.3%) of subjects, particularly individuals experiencing higher Exposure Intensity, Duration, or Respiratory Symptoms. The small number of smokers and subjects failing to wear protective respiratory masks showed greater declines.
authors.affiliation: Medical Division, Police Department of the City of New York, 1 Lefrak City Plaza, 59–17 Junction Blvd, Corona, NY 11368, USA. eli.kleinman@nypd.org
authors.forename: Eli J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cucco
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romanelli
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lanes
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: Somjen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frazer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lit
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016495:Police; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants