title: Adrenomedullin protects against fructose-induced insulin resistance and myocardial hypertrophy in rats.
abstract: Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been recognized as a multipotent multifunctional peptide. To explore the pathophysiological roles of ADM in insulin resistance (IR), we studied the changes in ADM mRNA level in the myocardium and vessels and the effect of ADM supplementation on rats with IR induced by fructose feeding. Rats were fed 4% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks, and ADM was administered subcutaneously in pure water through an Alzet Mini-osmotic Pump at 300 ng/kg/h for the last 4 weeks. Compared with controls, rats with IR showed increased levels of fasting blood sugar and serum insulin, by 95% and 67%, respectively (all P<0.01), and glycogen synthesis and glucose transport activity of the soleus decreased by 54% and 55% (all P<0.01). mRNA level and content of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in myocardial were all increased significantly. Fructose-fed rats showed increased immunoreactive-ADM content in plasma by 110% and in myocardia by 55% and increased mRNA level in myocardia and vessels (all P<0.01). ADM administration ameliorated the induced IR and myocardial hypertrophy. The glycogen synthesis and glucose transport activity of the soleus muscle increased by 41% (P<0.01) and 32% (P<0.05). ADM therapy attenuated myocardial and soleus lipid peroxidation injury and enhanced the antioxidant ability. Our results showed upregulation of endogenous ADM during fructose-induced IR and the protective effect of ADM on fructose-induced IR and concomitant cardiovascular hypertrophy probably by its antioxidant effect, which suggests that ADM could be an endogenous protective factor in IR.
authors.affiliation: School of P.E. and Sports Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bao-Hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan-Rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chao-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yong-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D055104:Infusions, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D005632:Fructose; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006003:Glycogen