title: Lower urinary tract symptoms in adults treated for posterior urethral valves in childhood: matched cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the prevalence and bother of lower urinary tract symptoms in adults treated for posterior urethral valves in childhood and population based controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were mailed to patients 18 years and older treated at our institution for posterior urethral valves. Of the 124 patients 68 (64.2%) participated, 18 were unavailable and 38 did not participate. Age and sex matched controls were randomly identified from a population based study (response proportion 62.4%). Danish Prostatic Symptom Score was used to assess occurrence (never/rarely/often/always) and bother (none/small/moderate/major) of 12 different lower urinary tract symptoms. Chi-square test was used for the analyses stratified by patient/control status, with the 4-point ordinal scale as the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age of 68 patients with posterior urethral valves and 272 controls (ratio 1:4) was 38.5 years (range 18 to 57). Overall, at least 1 moderate or severe lower urinary tract symptom was reported by 32.4% of patients with posterior urethral valves and 15.8% of controls (p=0.002). Mild hesitancy, weak stream, incomplete emptying and straining were reported twice as often by patients with posterior urethral valves as by controls (p<0.05). Prevalence of any urgency incontinence (14.7% vs 4.8%, p=0.014) and any stress incontinence (11.8% vs 3.0%, p=0.005) was increased at least 3-fold in patients with posterior urethral valves compared to controls. Furthermore, prevalence of bother from several lower urinary tract symptoms was increased approximately 2-fold in patients with posterior urethral valves compared to controls (p<0.05). However, most patients and controls reported no or small bother.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adulthood the occurrence and bother of most lower urinary tract symptoms are increased approximately 2-fold in patients with posterior urethral valves compared to the general population. However, in this cohort of young and middle-aged men most symptoms are mild.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kari A O
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tikkinen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taskinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult