title: Skeletal surgery in sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition, increasing in incidence along with obesity in Americans. This review looks at skeletal surgery to treat sleep apnea and recent advancements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skeletal surgery for OSA has improved with recent advancements in surgical genioplasty now able to advance the genioglossus as well as inferior mandible muscles without changing aesthetics. Some investigators have called for maxillomandibular advancement to be considered as a first-line therapy over continuous positive airway pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillomandibular advancement appears safe and effective for consideration as a first-line therapy for select patients with OSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meslemani
authors.forename: Lamont R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017286:Polysomnography; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome