title: The re-shaping of the life-world: male British Bangladeshi smokers and the English smoke-free legislation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore how male Bangladeshi smokers adapted to the English smoke-free legislation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We draw on data derived from the Evaluation of Smoke-free England (ESME), a qualitative, longitudinal study conducted between 2007 and 2008 in two English metropolitan areas. Repeat interviews (n = 34) were conducted before and after the legislation with 15 male Bangladeshi panel informants and from two focus groups: one with Bangladeshi men and the other with Bangladeshi women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bangladeshi smokers who participated in this study had largely accommodated to the smoke-free legislation and most had reduced their consumption of cigarettes, albeit to a modest degree. However, at the same time some Bangladeshi smokers appeared to have increased their use of shisha, a popular alternative method of smoking tobacco in this community. Smoke-free legislation also had an impact on the social and cultural forces that shape smoking behaviour in this group. In particular, family homes continued to be a key space where tobacco is consumed, although the legislation may have helped to shift the balance in favour of forces that oppose smoking and against enduring cultural pro-smoking norms. Smoking in public was also less socially acceptable, especially in the vicinity of local mosques and at community events. In some older groups, however, smoking remains a deeply embedded social habit which can undermine smokers' efforts to quit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For maximum impact, tobacco control interventions aimed at whole populations may need to be supplemented by culturally sensitive measures in local areas where there is a high concentration of Bangladeshi people. Similar considerations may apply to other minority communities with a high prevalence of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, GP Section, 20 West Richmond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9DX, UK. Gill.Highet@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Highet
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D003469:Culture; D017144:Focus Groups; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology