title: Serum selenoprotein P levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: implications for insulin resistance, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dysregulation of hepatokines may be associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A recent study has suggested that selenoprotein P (SeP), a novel hepatokine, may play a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We examined the relationship between circulating SeP levels and clinical parameters associated with insulin resistance in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared serum SeP concentrations in 100 subjects with diverse glucose tolerance statuses. Furthermore, we evaluated the relationship between SeP and cardiometabolic risk factors including insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and carotid intima-media thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum SeP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes than those with normal glucose tolerance (all P < 0.01) and decreased in a stepwise manner [1032.4 (495.9-2149.4) vs. 867.3 (516.3-1582.7) vs. 362.0 (252.5-694.5), P = 0.004]. In addition, overweight and obese subjects had significantly increased SeP levels compared with lean subjects (P = 0.002). Spearman's partial correlation analysis adjusted for age and gender showed a significant relationship between SeP and cardiometabolic factors including body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, aspartate aminotransferase, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, in multiple regression analyses, SeP showed an independent association with carotid intima-media thickness as well as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, even after adjustment for other confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating SeP concentrations were elevated in patients with glucose metabolism dysregulation and were related to various cardiometabolic parameters including insulin resistance, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-050, Korea.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051149:Selenoprotein P / Q000097:blood*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051149:Selenoprotein P; D002097:C-Reactive Protein