title: Novel PPARγ partial agonists with weak activity and no cytotoxicity; identified by a simple PPARγ ligand screening system.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the transcriptional factor that regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis and widely well-known as molecular targets for improvement of metabolic disorder. Because major transcriptional activity of PPARs depends on their proper ligands, the studies for PPAR ligands have been continuously developed. We previously reported the simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems to screen PPAR ligands and a chemical library including flavonoid derivatives have applied to these systems. In this study, we introduce two compounds (KU16476 and KU28843) identified as PPARγ partial agonists by a screening ELISA for PPARγ ligand. KU16476 and KU28843 significantly increased binding between PPARγ and SRC-1 in a simple ELISA system. Co-activator recruiting-induced abilities of two compounds were less than that of indomethacin, a well-known PPARγ agonist. To determine whether these compounds would be PPARγ partial agonists, each candidate with indomethacin were applied to a simple ELISA based on binding between PPARγ and SRC-1. Cotreatment with indomethacin significantly increased binding between PPARγ and SRC-1 than treatment of indomethacin or candidate alone. Two compounds had no considerable cytotoxicities, induced partial adipogenesis, and accumulated lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 fibroblast. Also, these two compounds enhanced expression of PPARγ-mediated genes such as aP2 and UCP-2. By docking study, we confirmed that two compounds bound well to the active site of PPARγ with hydrophobic interactions. We suggest that two compounds identified by a simple ELISA system can be PPARγ partial agonists. These PPARγ partial agonists and these studies to find out novel PPARγ agonists may contribute to drug development against metabolic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Immunobiochemistry, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong 1, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong-Hun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jee-young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Youhoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Yangmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Do-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008970:Molecular Weight; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1