title: Intraoperative injuries during liver resection: analysis of 1,005 procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk of liver resection has been well investigated in many studies. However, the problem of intraoperative injuries is rarely mentioned. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, the type, and management of intraoperative injuries during liver resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,005 liver resections between 2004 and 2009 were included in this retrospective investigation. We analyzed the incidence of intraoperative injuries, risk factors, and an impact on patients' clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of intraoperative injuries was 4.4% (44 of 1,005). Injuries of the diaphragm (1.6%, 16 of 1,005) and hepatocaval junction (1%, 10 of 1,005) were the most frequent. In multivariate analysis, tumor recurrence (p= 0.0199) and tumor size (p= 0.0317) were the only independent risk factors for diaphragm injuries, whereas the extent of resection (p= 0.0007) was the only independent risk factor for caval or hepatic vein injuries. Injuries of the inferior vena cava or hepatic veins significantly increased perioperative mortality (p= 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minor injuries causing no significant complications were the most frequent. However, prevention and proper management of the rare injuries of hepatocaval junction are essential to avoid increased mortality in major liver resections.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grat
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grzegorczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sujecki
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dawid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szwedowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boltuc
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smoter
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kornasiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk