title: Effect of long-term nitrate treatment on cardiac events in patients with vasospastic angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitrates have been widely used as anti-ischemic drugs in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA). However, the effect of long-term nitrate treatment on cardiac events in VSA patients remains unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-hundred and thirty-one patients with VSA who had not been receiving any antiischemic drugs, including calcium channel blockers (CCBs), nitrates, nicorandil, or any combination of these medications were prospectively enrolled in the present study. All patients had a positive acetylcholine provocation test with normal coronary angiograms, and they received CCBs after enrollment. They were divided into 2 groups based on whether nitrates were included in the treatment: a nitrate group (n=86) and a without nitrate group (n=145). The baseline clinical characteristics and frequency of anginal attacks within 48h before enrollment were similar between the 2 groups. With a median follow-up period of 70.5 months, 29 patients developed cardiac events, including 7 sudden cardiac deaths and 22 re-admissions for acute coronary syndrome. Cardiac events occurred in 19.8% of the nitrate group and in only 8.3% of the patients who were not taking nitrates (P=0.015). In a multivariate analysis, long-term nitrate treatment (hazard ratio 5.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.69-15.89, P=0.004) was an independent predictor of cardiac events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that long-term nitrate treatment in addition to CCBs might not reduce cardiac events in VSA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Munenori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagomi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibui
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Atarashi
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009566:Nitrates; D020108:Nicorandil