title: Cytoprotective actions of hydrogen sulfide in ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been known as a highly toxic gas for several centuries. There have been considerable advances made in the H(2)S field regarding its physiological role; however, there is much more work that needs to be done. The biosynthesis of H(2)S has been attributed to three endogenous enzymes: cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL or CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes require further investigation to more fully elucidate the cellular expression profile, regulation and precise role of these critical enzymes in the production of H(2)S. In recent years, H(2)S has been demonstrated to have cytoprotective effects in multiple organ systems. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the administration of H(2)S either prior to ischaemia or at reperfusion significantly ameliorates myocardial and hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, this review focuses on the cardioprotective and hepatoprotective role of H(2)S. In addition, the review provides a summary of several known molecular targets of H(2)S protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
authors.forename: Adrienne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lefer
mesh_terms: D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013466:Sulfurtransferases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; D013466:Sulfurtransferases; C021550:3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide