title: [Clinical characteristics and follow-up management of 135 children with myasthenia gravis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and analyze the clinical manifestations, classification, therapeutic approaches and follow-up of myasthenia gravis (MG) in children in order to improve its management and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical information of 135 children with MG, who were diagnosed between January 1993 to January 2008, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. And prospective following-up of these patients were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 135 cases, 59 were males and 76 females, giving the ratio of M/F around 1:1.3. Totally, 115 cases (85.2%) were type I MG (ocular type), of which only 4.2% developed to generalized type during the subsequent clinical course. Type II MG (generalized type)was found in 18 cases (13.4%) and type III MG in two cases(1.5%). The onset age ranged from 5 month to 15 years, with 50.3% before three years and 80.7% before seven years. Upper respiratory tract infection was presented in 26.7% (36/135) of the sick children before the onset of MG. Among the 106 children being followed up, recurrence of the disease identified in 50.9% and the number of relapse ranged from 1 to 9. Altogether, 40.19% (43/106) of the cases were positive for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AchR-Ab) on the initial examination, and the AchR-Ab postitive rate showed no difference among different clinical subtypes and states. However, during the follow-up, 53% (9/17) of the recurrent cases, who were negative at the first onset, turned to be positive, and 37.97% (30/79) were positive for repetitive nerve stimulation in electromyogram test. There were 71 % (45/63) of all the cases showed reduced levels of CD4+ and/or CD3+ and/or CD8+. Thymus proliferation was found in 5.93% (8/135) through CT scan and thymoma in 1.48% (2/135). Steroids and anti-cholinesterase administration were effective in most cases with good prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood MG, mainly type I, is relatively common in China, with specific characteristics which are different from western patients or adult MG in morbidity, sex distribution, progress, laboratory examination and treatment. The prevalence of myasthenia gravis crisis and mortality rate in MG children is low, and few are accompanied with thymoma. Most MG cases have a satisfied prognosis and few have neuropsychic sequela.
authors.affiliation: Department of Peadiatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-xiao
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yue-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Yu-wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing-zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xi-ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000276:immunology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D009388:Neostigmine; D011241:Prednisone