title: Biodegradation and bio-sorption of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using immobilized cell process.
abstract: In the present study, the removal mechanisms of four antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and trimethoprim) and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen) in immobilized cell process were investigated using batch reactors. This work principally explores the individual or collective roles of biodegradation and bio-sorption as removal routes of the target pharmaceuticals and the results were validated by various experimental and analytical tools. Biodegradation and bio-sorption were found as dominant mechanisms for the drug removal, while volatilization and hydrolysis were negligible for all target pharmaceuticals. The target pharmaceuticals responded to the two observed removal mechanisms in different ways, typically: (1) strong biodegradability and bio-sorption by acetaminophen, (2) strong biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, ibuprofen and naproxen, (3) low biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethazine and ketoprofen, and (4) low biodegradability and medium bio-sorption by trimethoprim. In the sorption/desorption experiment, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine were characterized by strong sorption and weak desorption. A phenomenon of moderate sorption and well desorption was observed for sulfamethazine, trimethoprim and naproxen. Both ibuprofen and ketoprofen were weakly sorbed and strongly desorbed.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Angela Yu-Chen
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Sri Chandana
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Panchangam
authors.forename: Pui-Kwan Andy
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ping-Yi
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D014835:Volatilization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical