title: Diagnostic value of palpation, mammography, and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fibroadenoma: impact of breast density, patient age, ultrasonographic size, and palpability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of mammography, breast ultrasonography, and palpation in diagnosing fibroadenomas, making consistent use of the BI-RADS classification. The impact of breast density, patient age, and the size and palpability of the mass will be evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2000 and December 2009, a total of 339 fibroadenomas suitable for inclusion in this study were diagnosed and histologically verified at our institution. Based on their BI-RADS or BI-RADS analog classification, all lesions were categorized as benign or malignant. These results were compared to the corresponding histopathological findings. Specificities were calculated for each of the abovementioned parameters. Chi-square test results with p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Congruence between mammography and ultrasonography was assessed based on Cohen's kappa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palpation had a specificity of 100 %, mammography 83.9 %, and ultrasonography 88.2 %. Considering the parameters under investigation, ultrasonography is superior to mammography. The specificity of the ultrasonographic assessment "benign" vs. "malignant" varied with patient age and palpability of the lesion (p = 0.001 and p = 0.025). Mammography and ultrasonography were most congruent for lesions rated ACR 1 - 2 and for lesions > 1.9 cm (κ = 0.464, κ = 0.444).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For diagnosing fibroadenomas, ultrasonography is more specific than mammography when all examined variables are taken into account. Ultrasonography should therefore be favored, especially in younger patients. One needs to be aware of the effects of palpability and patient age on the ultrasonographic differentiation "malignant" vs. "benign". In some cases, mammography should be considered as an adjunct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohlinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D018226:Fibroadenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047368:Tumor Burden; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary; D055815:Young Adult