title: Structural remodeling, trafficking and functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins.
abstract: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a glycolipid that is covalently attached to proteins as a post-translational modification. Such modification leads to the anchoring of the protein to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Proteins that are decorated with GPIs have unique properties in terms of their physical nature. In particular, these proteins tend to accumulate in lipid rafts, which are critical for the functions and trafficking of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). Recent studies mainly using mutant cells revealed that various structural remodeling reactions occur to GPIs present in GPI-APs as they are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. This review examines the recent progress describing the mechanisms of structural remodeling of mammalian GPI-anchors, such as inositol deacylation, glycan remodeling and fatty acid remodeling, with particular focus on their trafficking and functions, as well as the pathogenesis involving GPI-APs and their deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ymaeda@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Taroh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006457:Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D007294:Inositol