title: Nanomaterial risk assessment and management experiences related to worker health under the Toxic Substances Control Act.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper examined the data and experiences gathered through the review of over 100 nanomaterial submissions for industrial nanomaterials, and what these data indicate for worker health at industrial facilities where nanomaterials are synthesized, and/or incorporated into final products for the marketplace.
  
  
  METHODS
  The types of nanomaterials, their uses, potential health effects and worker exposures, methods for examining worker and general population exposures, and risk management actions taken under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) prior to their manufacture are summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a diversity of nanomaterials are currently entering the marketplace, but there are certain materials reviewed under TSCA such as carbon-based nanomaterials and metal oxides that are more likely to be commercialized than others. There are health and monitoring data that have been received by EPA that are useful in determining potential risks, and risk management approaches such as limiting uses of the nanomaterials and embedding nanomaterials in polymer matrices that reduce concerns for worker exposures. Certain EPA data gathering tools such as those used to collect nanomaterial use and worker exposure information, and screening level approaches for estimating worker exposures are useful and could be enhanced to better estimate worker risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data and experiences with nanomaterials under TSCA should prove useful when considering worker exposure registries, medical surveillance and epidemiological research.
authors.affiliation: Risk Assessment Division, U.S. EPA's Office of Pollution Prevention &Toxics, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW (MC 7403), Washington, DC 20460, USA. sayre.phil@epa.gov
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sayre
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prothero
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alwood
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012308:Risk Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*