title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of subhepatic carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate preliminary results of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with inoperable subhepatic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with inoperable cholangiocarcinoma or gall bladder carcinoma were treated by biliary drainage and intensity modulated radiotherapy. In patients with tumors limited to the biliary duct only tumor stenosis was irradiated to the dose of 50-60 Gy. In patients with bulky extraductal tumors the dose was 50 Gy/25 fractions to the whole tumor and an integrated boost was used to raise the dose to the malignant stenosis to 60 Gy/25 fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doses to organs at risk (duodenum, small intestine, liver) were in tolerable limits. In four patients transient fever occurred; one patient had duodenal bleeding that resolved after conservative treatment. Recurrent dilatation of the biliary tract was observed in 4 patients and was managed by exchange of the internal biliary drainage. Median survival was 10.4 months, 5 patients survived for more than one year following diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMRT of inoperable extrahepatic biliary tract tumors allows application of high doses of radiation to the tumor with effective sparing of healthy tissues. The control of jaundice is good. In selected cases IMRT may prolong overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University Medical School and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. petera@fnhk.cz
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petera
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kasaová
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paluska
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sirák
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jansa
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Macingová
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorák
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soumarova
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*