title: Respiratory virus infections among hospitalized patients with suspected influenza A H1N1 2009 virus during the first pandemic wave in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the first pandemic wave of the influenza A H1N1 2009 virus, morbidity was particularly high in Brazil. Hospitalizations resulting from severe respiratory disease due to suspected influenza-like illness created an opportunity to identify other respiratory viruses causing lower respiratory infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess viral etiologies among samples collected during the first pandemic wave of H1N1 2009 from hospitalized patients with suspected cases in a Brazilian Sentinel Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viral etiologies were investigated in samples from 98 children and 61 adults with fever, cough and dyspnea who were admitted to São Paulo Sentinel Hospital with suspected H1N1 infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From August to November 2009, in 19.5% (31/159) of the samples 2009 H1N1 virus was detected with 23% (14/61) in adults (median age 25 years, range: 14-55 years) and 18.4% (17/92) in children (median age 5 years, range: 4 months - 11 years). Among the negative samples, a wide range of causative etiologic agents was identified. Human rhinovirus was the most frequent virus (23.91%) in children and human metapneumovirus (11.48%) was the second most frequent in adults, following 2009 H1N1 virus (22.95%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight the need to diagnose other viral infections that can co-circulate with influenza and may have been neglected by physicians as causes of severe respiratory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Virology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Unit, Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. almasurfe@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Emerson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Clarice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinohara
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puerari
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guatura
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bellei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058873:Pandemics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D055815:Young Adult