title: Cytotoxicity, permeability, and inflammation of metal oxide nanoparticles in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells: cytotoxicity, permeability, and inflammation of metal oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: Wide applications and extreme potential of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) increase occupational and public exposure and may yield extraordinary hazards for human health. Exposure to NPs has a risk for dysfunction of the vascular endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of six metal oxide NPs to human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) in vitro. Metal oxide NPs used in this study included zinc oxide (ZnO), iron(III) oxide (Fe(2)O(3)), iron(II,III) oxide (Fe(3)O(4)), magnesium oxide (MgO), aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)), and copper(II) oxide (CuO). The cell viability, membrane leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular reactive oxygen species, permeability of plasma membrane, and expression of inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, macrophage cationic peptide-1, and interleukin-8 in HCMECs were assessed under controlled and exposed conditions (12-24 h and 0.001-100 μg/ml of exposure). The results indicated that Fe(2)O(3), Fe(3)O(4), and Al(2)O(3) NPs did not have significant effects on cytotoxicity, permeability, and inflammation response in HCMECs at any of the concentrations tested. ZnO, CuO, and MgO NPs produced the cytotoxicity at the concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, and elicited the permeability and inflammation response in HCMECs. These results demonstrated that cytotoxicity, permeability, and inflammation in vascular endothelial cells following exposure to metal oxide nanoparticles depended on particle composition, concentration, and exposure time.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shaochuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fei Han
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hun
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010087:Oxides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase