title: Speech recognition in noise with active and passive hearing protectors: a comparative study.
abstract: The perceived negative influence of standard hearing protectors on communication is a common argument for not wearing them. Thus, "augmented" protectors have been developed to improve speech intelligibility. Nevertheless, their actual benefit remains a point of concern. In this paper, speech perception with active earplugs is compared to standard passive custom-made earplugs. The two types of active protectors included amplify the incoming sound with a fixed level or to a user selected fraction of the maximum safe level. For the latter type, minimal and maximal amplification are selected. To compare speech intelligibility, 20 different speech-in-noise fragments are presented to 60 normal-hearing subjects and speech recognition is scored. The background noise is selected from realistic industrial noise samples with different intensity, frequency, and temporal characteristics. Statistical analyses suggest that the protectors' performance strongly depends on the noise condition. The active protectors with minimal amplification outclass the others for the most difficult and the easiest situations, but they also limit binaural listening. In other conditions, the passive protectors clearly surpass their active counterparts. Subsequently, test fragments are analyzed acoustically to clarify the results. This provides useful information for developing prototypes, but also indicates that tests with human subjects remain essential.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Information technology, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. bockstael@ugent.be
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bockstael
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Coensel
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botteldooren
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: D'Haenens
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keppler
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Freya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Swinnen
authors.forename: Vinck
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bart
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic / Q000009:adverse effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001302:Audiometry, Speech; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D004430:Ear Protective Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011312:Pressure; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception; D013997:Time Factors