title: Evaluation of a virtual reality-based memory training programme for Hong Kong Chinese older adults with questionable dementia: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Older adults with questionable dementia are at risk of progressing to dementia, and early intervention is considered important. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based memory training for older adults with questionable dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pre-test and post-test design was adopted. Twenty and 24 older adults with questionable dementia were randomly assigned to a VR-based and a therapist-led memory training group, respectively. Primary outcome measures included the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire and Fuld Object Memory Evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups demonstrated positive training effects, with the VR group showing greater improvement in objective memory performance and the non-VR group showing better subjective memory subtest results in the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of VR seems to be acceptable for older adults with questionable dementia. Further study on the effect of educational background and memory training modality (visual, auditory) is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. David.Man@polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: David W K
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Jenny C C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Grace Y Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface