title: Association of body mass index in early adulthood and middle age with future site-specific cancer mortality: the Harvard Alumni Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between adiposity in early adulthood and subsequent development of specific malignancies is unclear. Further, the potential for mediation by adiposity in middle age has not been well examined. In a rare study, we investigated the association of body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood with mortality from several site-specific cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Harvard Alumni Health Study cohort, 19 593 males had a physical examination at the university between 1914 and 1952 (mean age: 18.4 years) and returned a questionnaire in 1962 or 1966 (mean age = 45.1 years). BMI was computed using weight (kg)/height(2) (m(2)) at both time points. Vital status follow up continued for a maximum of 82 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive early adulthood cancer mortality gradients by BMI were found for all malignancies combined (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.17 for a one standard deviation increase in early adulthood BMI), and for lung (HR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.10-1.40) and skin (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.96-1.75) cancers. There were also apparent associations for cancers of the oesophagus and urogenital sites. Mediation by BMI in middle age was found to be minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher BMI in early adulthood appears to be a direct risk factor for selected malignancies several decades later.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: l.gray@sphsu.mrc.ac.uk.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: I-M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult