title: Effects of different starch sources on Bacillus spp. in intestinal tract and expression of intestinal development related genes of weanling piglets.
abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different starch sources on Bacillus spp. in intestinal tract and expression of intestinal development related genes of weanling piglets. Twenty-eight PIC male piglets were divided into four homogeneous groups according to initial body weight (similar birth and parity, weaned at 21 ± 1.5 days). Diets for the four treatments consisted of corn starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch and pea starch with the determined ratio for amylose to amylopectin of 0.21, 0.24, 0.12 and 0.52 respectively. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to: (1) detect genomic DNA of Bacillus and to quantify the number of Bacillus in the intestinal tract chyme of piglets with the primers and probe which designed based on the 16S rRNA sequences of maximum species of Bacillus on GenBank; (2) measure the mRNA level of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Results showed that the number of Baciilus and the percentage based on all bacteria in the whole intestinal content of piglets fed pea starch was highest in all groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant differance on copy numbers for all bacteria and Bacillus in the whole intestinal tract of piglets between the corn starch group and wheat starch group (P > 0.05). In addition, the expression level of GLP-2, IGF-1 mRNA in jejunum and ileum of pea starch treatment (the high amylose/amylopectin ratio) were increased while the tapioca starch decreased their mRNA level significantly compared to other three treatments (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference for the mRNA level of EGF in each group. The present study revealed that high amylose/amylopectin ratio of starches significantly enhanced the numbers of Bacillus in all segments of intestine and the mRNA level of intestinal development related genes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin kang Road 46#, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. dahan980306@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Guo-Quan
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhen-Tian
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dai-Wen
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Xiang-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Zhi-Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013213:Starch / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013213:Starch