title: Use of a reflectance spectroscopy accessory for optical characterization of ZnO-Bi(2)O(3)-TiO(2) ceramics.
abstract: The optical band-gap energy (E(g)) is an important feature of semiconductors which determines their applications in optoelectronics. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the electronic states of ceramic ZnO and the effect of doped impurities under different processing conditions. E(g) of the ceramic ZnO + xBi(2)O(3) + xTiO(2), where x = 0.5 mol%, was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer attached to a Reflectance Spectroscopy Accessory for powdered samples. The samples was prepared using the solid-state route and sintered at temperatures from 1140 to 1260 °C for 45 and 90 minutes. E(g) was observed to decrease with an increase of sintering temperature. XRD analysis indicated hexagonal ZnO and few small peaks of intergranular layers of secondary phases. The relative density of the sintered ceramics decreased and the average grain size increased with the increase of sintering temperature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: mgm.sabri@gmail.com (M.S.M.G.); zahidrizwan64@gmail.com (Z.R.); halimah@science.upm.edu.my (H.M.K.); mansor@science.upm.edu.my (M.H.); mhmzaid@gmail.com (M.H.M.Z.); zamiri.r@gmail.com (R.Z.).
authors.forename: Mohd Sabri Mohd
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ghazali
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.forename: Halimah Mohamed
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kamari
authors.forename: Mansor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.forename: Mohd Hafiz Mohd
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zaid
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamiri
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D012666:Semiconductors; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; C033301:bismuth oxide; D014025:Titanium; D015034:Zinc Oxide; D001729:Bismuth