title: Gender divergence on the impact of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on the femoral artery intima-media thickness in asymptomatic young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender divergence on the impact of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on the femoral artery intima-media thickness (IMT) has not been studied in a biracial (black-white) community-based asymptomatic young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Femoral IMT was measured by B-mode ultrasonography in 1080 individuals (age, 24-43 years; 71% white; 43% men) enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Femoral IMT showed a gender difference (men > women; P = 0.001), but no racial difference. In a multivariate model, age, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio related independently, in that order, to IMT in women, and age and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men. In women, mean IMT increased with increasing number of risk factors defined as values above the age-, race- and gender-specific 75th percentile of systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and insulin along with positive smoking status (P for trend = 0.001), with respective mean IMT (mm) values of 0.61, 0.65, 0.72 and 0.77, for 0, 1 to 2, 3 and 4 to 5 risk factors. There was no such significant trend in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although men versus women had thicker IMT, the observed increasing trend of femoral IMT with increasing number of risk factors in asymptomatic young women suggests that women may be relatively more susceptible to the burden of multiple risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. timirpaul@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Timir K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sathanur R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult