title: Extraction of four premolars in Black patients with bi-protrusion: aesthetic perceptions of professionals and lay people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the aesthetic perceptions and expectations regarding the results of orthodontic treatment for alterations in the profile of Black patients with bi-protrusion through the extraction of four premolars and maximal anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Offices of plastic surgeons and orthodontists in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  152 individuals participated in the study and were divided into four groups: Group 1, 38 orthodontists; Group 2, 38 plastic surgeons; Group 3, 38 White laypersons; and Group 4, 38 Black laypersons. The patient sample was composed of six Black individuals (three males and three females) with varying degrees of bi-protrusion. Each participant was shown altered photographs of the profile of the final result of treatment, simulating three different bi-protrusion reduction options (2, 4 and 6 mm), which were united with the original initial and final photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aesthetic preferences and expectations regarding the true result of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chi-square test for linear trend with Bonferroni correction (á=P<0·008).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aesthetic preference for the majority of participants was for a straighter profile than those provided by the orthodontic treatment. Moreover, the actual profile resulting from the orthodontic treatment was correctly identified by just 22% of the Black laypersons, 22% of the White laypersons, 21% of the orthodontists and 17% of the plastic surgeons. There were significant differences between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the view that society perceives straight profiles as aesthetically more pleasing in comparison to protruding or slightly protruding profiles.
authors.affiliation: University of Vale do Rio Verde, Rua Arraial dos Forros, 222 Centro, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100000, Brazil. lsmarques.prof@gmail.com
authors.forename: Leandro Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Katiuscia C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Maria Letícia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ramos-Jorge
authors.forename: Luciano J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; D009970:Orthodontics; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D023861:Photography, Dental; D012690:Serial Extraction; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult