title: A modification of the trans-oesophageal echocardiography protocol can reduce post-operative dysphagia following cardiac surgery.
abstract: Use of intra-operative trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an independent risk factor for post-operative dysphagia. This study investigated whether modifying the TEE probe-placement protocol could reduce the incidence of post-operative dysphagia. In group I (n = 100), the TEE probe was inserted after anaesthetic induction and remained in place until the completion of surgery. In group II (n = 100), the TEE probe was inserted after anaesthetic induction, the heart was examined, then the probe was removed. The probe was inserted again before weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and then immediately removed after examination. The incidence of dysphagia was significantly higher in group I than in group II patients (51.1% versus 28.6%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the length of time that the TEE probe was in the oesophagus was an independent predictor of dysphagia. Modification of the TEE protocol in this way can reduce the incidence of post-operative dysphagia in cardiac surgery patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: E-H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: D-K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: I-C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013997:Time Factors