title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell response to nano-structured oxidized and turned titanium surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyse the topographic features of a novel nano-structured oxidized titanium implant surface and to evaluate its effect on the response of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) compared with a traditional turned surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 10 × 10 × 1 mm turned (control) and oxidized (test) titanium samples (P.H.I. s.r.l.) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and characterized by height, spatial and hybrid roughness parameters at different dimensional ranges of analysis. Primary cultures of BM-MSC were seeded on titanium samples and cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin synthesis and extracellular matrix mineralization, were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At SEM and AFM analyses turned samples were grooved, whereas oxidized surfaces showed a more complex micro- and nano-scaled texture, with higher values of roughness parameters. Cell adhesion and osteogenic parameters were greater on oxidized (P<0.05 at least) vs. turned surfaces, whereas the cell proliferation rate was similar on both samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both control and test samples were in the range of average roughness proper of smooth surfaces, they exhibited significantly different topographic properties in terms of height, spatial and, mostly, of hybrid parameters. This different micro- and nano-structure resulted in an enhanced adhesion and differentiation of cells plated onto the oxidized surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Annunziata
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buosciolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontostomatological, Orthodontic and Surgical Disciplines, Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics "F. Cedrangolo", Second University of Naples, Naples, ItalyInstitute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, National Research Council (IMCB-CNR), Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guida
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015921:Dental Implants; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase