title: Multiple endocrine diseases in dogs: 35 cases (1996-2009).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize a population of dogs from a tertiary care center with 2 or more endocrine disorders, including the specific disorders and time intervals between diagnosis of each disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 dogs with 2 or more endocrine disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed, and the following was recorded: clinical signs, physical examination findings, and the results of CBC, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, aerobic bacterial culture of urine samples, endocrine testing, diagnostic imaging, and necropsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  35 dogs with more than 1 endocrine disorder were identified. Seventy-seven percent (27/35) of the dogs were male, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis of the first endocrinopathy was 7.9 years. Miniature Schnauzer was the most common breed. Twenty-eight of 35 (80%) dogs had 2 disorders; 7 (20%) had 3 disorders. The most common combinations of disorders included diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism in 57.1 % (20/35) of dogs; hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism in 22.9% (8/35) of dogs; and diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism in 28.6% (10/35) of dogs. A mean of 14.5 months elapsed between diagnosis of the first and second endocrine disorders, whereas there was a mean of 31.1 months between diagnosis of the first and third endocrine disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that the occurrence of multiple endocrine disorders was uncommon in dogs. The most common combinations of endocrine disorders in this population of dogs were diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism, followed by hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies and Ontario Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. sblois@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Shauna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Blois
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dickie
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kruth
authors.forename: Dana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male