title: Do patients with aggressive periodontitis have evidence of diabetes? A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Complex relationships exist between diabetes and periodontal disease. Diabetes is accepted as a risk factor for periodontal disease, and recent evidence supports the existence of a bidirectional relationship between these two diseases. It has been hypothesized that inflammation, lipids and adipokines may mediate these relationships. However, research regarding the above relationships with respect to aggressive periodontitis is very limited. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether patients with aggressive periodontitis (not previously diagnosed with diabetes) have evidence of diabetes and have altered serum levels of inflammatory mediators, lipids and adipokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glycaemic control markers (random plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin), inflammatory mediators (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ and interleukin-18), lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin and resistin) were measured in serum samples from 30 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 30 age- and sex-matched periodontally healthy control subjects, none of whom had a previous diagnosis of diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of glycaemic control markers, inflammatory mediators, lipids and adipokines were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the aggressive periodontitis patients and healthy subjects for unadjusted and adjusted analyses (adjusting for body mass index, smoking, ethnicity, age and sex). The p-value for the adjusted analysis of adiponectin in female aggressive periodontitis patients compared with the female control subjects reached 0.064, the mean adiponectin level being lower in the female aggressive periodontitis patients (4.94 vs. 5.97 μg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study provided no evidence to suggest that patients with aggressive periodontitis (not previously diagnosed with diabetes) have evidence of diabetes or altered serum levels of inflammatory mediators, lipids and adipokines.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jaedicke
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Barksby
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jitprasertwong
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Al-Shahwani
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Preshaw
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids