title: In-traffic air pollution exposure and CC16, blood coagulation, and inflammation markers in healthy adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, probably involving mechanisms of inflammation and coagulation. Little is known about effects of the short exposures encountered while participating in traffic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to examine effects of exposure of commuters to air pollution on cardiovascular biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four healthy adult volunteers commuted for 2 hr by bus, car, or bicycle during the morning rush hour. During the commute, exposure to particle number, particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), PM ≤ 10 µm in diameter (PM10), and soot was measured. We estimated inhaled doses based on heart rate monitoring. Shortly before exposure and 6 hr after exposure, blood samples were taken and analyzed for CC16 (Clara cell protein 16), blood cell count, coagulation markers, and inflammation markers. Between June 2007 and June 2008, 352 pre- and postexposure blood samples were collected on 47 test days. We used mixed models to analyze the associations between exposure and changes in health parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no consistent associations between the air pollution exposures and doses and the various biomarkers that we investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Air pollution exposure during commuting was not consistently associated with acute changes in inflammation markers, blood cell counts, or blood coagulation markers.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Services Gelderland Midden, Arnhem, the Netherlands. moniek.zuurbier@vggm.nl
authors.forename: Moniek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuurbier
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oldenwening
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meliefste
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krop
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Hazel
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunekreef
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014598:Uteroglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; C556389:SCGB1A1 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D016753:Interleukin-10; D010126:Ozone; D014598:Uteroglobin; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide