title: A design for low-flow sheathless electrospray emitters.
abstract: An extremely simple design has been developed for producing durable sheathless electrospray emitters that give highly stable electrospray for unlimited lifetimes. The emitters can be fashioned from any style fused-silica capillary and are ideally suited for generating "all-in-one" microcolumn-emitter systems thus eliminating unwanted void volumes. The emitters give stable electrospray at low (30 nL/min) as well as high (1 mL/min) flow rates without the aid of nebulizing gas. Fabrication of these emitters (aka the "fairy dust" technique) does not involve the use of a metallized coating but rather the adherance of 2-μm gold particles to the capillary tip resulting in a robust approach to the problem of making an electrical contact with the electrospray solvent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 531, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Barnidge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Markides