title: Double ureter and duplex system: a cadaver and radiological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of duplex system and double ureter in cadavers and intravenous pyelograms in Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty cadavers were dissected and 50 intravenous pyelograms were examined on both (right and left) sides for the presence of duplex system and double ureter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One male cadaver aged 43 years showed complete double ureter and duplex system on the right side and incomplete double ureter and duplex system on the left side. Another male cadaver aged 56 years showed incomplete double ureter and duplex system only on the right side. An intravenous pyelogram of a 43-year-old man showed incomplete double ureter along with duplex system on the right side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developmental anomalies of the kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder should be kept in mind and promptly detected before the manifestations of aforementioned complications increase the morbidity of the affected individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Karnataka, India. prakashrinku@rediffmail.com
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Thimmiah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rajini
authors.forename: Jayanthi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venkatiah
authors.forename: Ajay Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Deepak Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Gajendra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014567:Urography; D055815:Young Adult