title: Intravenous landiolol, a novel β(1)-adrenergic blocker, reduces the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) landiolol, a novel β(1)-adrenergic blocker, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 24-57 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced in all patients by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction of sevoflurane. In the landiolol group, administration of landiolol began when patients took a vital-capacity breath: 0.125 mg/kg/min for one minute and then 0.04 mg/kg/min. Normal saline was administered in the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  MAC was determined by a technique adapted from the conventional up-down method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MAC of sevoflurane was 2.2% ± 0.2% in the control group and 1.7% ± 0.2% in the landiolol group, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IV landiolol reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in women by approximately 20%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shioya Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi 329-2145, Japan. hfb01245@nifty.com
authors.forename: Zen'ichiro
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wajima
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imanaga
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009025:Morpholines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C077049:landiolol; D014508:Urea