title: Attempted semen collection using the massage technique in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva).
abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish a technique for collecting semen from blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva) and to evaluate the samples that were collected. The massage method is the most common technique used to collect semen in birds and has been proven successful in several psittacine species; however, collection attempts in larger parrots have been unsatisfactory. Six blue-fronted Amazon parrot males, 3 paired with hens and 3 unpaired, were used in this study. The semen collection technique was revised to allow collection from individual birds by a single person. Semen collection was attempted from the 6 parrots on 52-56 occasions, which totaled 330 single attempts. Nineteen ejaculates were collected, and each bird produced at least 1 ejaculate that contained spermatozoa. Large ranges of sample volume (1-15.4 microL), sperm quality (motility = 2%-60%; live:dead ratio = 2:198 to 185:15), sperm concentration (0.79-3.3 x 10(6) sperm/mL), and contamination rate (0%-100%) were observed. Measured parameters did not appear to be significantly impacted by birds being paired or kept singly. Because of the relatively short acclimation period, the birds appeared to be sexually inactive for the majority of the study. Further research using sexually active birds will be necessary to determine standard spermatological parameters and verify the success of the methodology used here.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Angelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Della Volpe
authors.forename: Schmidt
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volker
authors.forename: Maria-Elisabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Krautwald-Junghanns
mesh_terms: D046708:Amazona / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000662:veterinary*