title: The association of reproductive senescence with mitochondrial quantity, function, and DNA integrity in human oocytes at different stages of maturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of reproductive aging on oocyte mitochondrial quantity, function, and DNA (mtDNA) integrity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  IVF clinic in a tertiary academic care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred two oocytes from 32 women undergoing IVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mtDNA number, and mtDNA deletion occurrence in individual oocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oocyte ATP content increases with maturation (786 ± 87 fmol, 1,037 ± 57 fmol, and 1,201 ± 59 fmol for prophase 1 [P1], metaphase 1 [M1], and metaphase 2 [M2] oocytes, respectively), whereas mtDNA copy numbers do not change (64,500 ± 20,440, 180,000 ± 44,040, and 143,000 ± 31,210 for P1, M1, and M2 oocytes, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified developmental stage as a determinant of oocyte ATP, whereas number of oocytes retrieved and cycle day 3 FSH level were determinants of mtDNA copy number. Of the 15 oocytes found to possess the 5-kb mtDNA deletion, 10 were arrested or degenerated oocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no direct association was found between female age and oocyte mitochondrial quantity and function, the number of mitochondria was predicted by ovarian reserve indicators. As the oocyte matures, ATP content increases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Hakan E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simsek-Duran
authors.forename: Sergio C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oehninger
authors.forename: Howard W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Castora
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D049469:Meiotic Prophase I; D008677:Metaphase; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D014768:Virginia; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate