title: Clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac rhythm abnormality with a considerable cardiovascular disease burden worldwide. It is an independent major risk factor for stroke. Stroke prevention with anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents has been an important area of clinical research. Warfarin is the most widely used antithrombotic therapy for stroke prophylaxis for last several years, and now dabigatran (150 mg b.i.d.) is more effective than warfarin in stroke prevention in individuals at increased of stroke. In addition, several studies have evaluated the efficacy of clopidogrel for stroke prophylaxis either alone or in combination with aspirin.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review summarizes the key findings of the trials looking at the efficacy of clopidogrel in stroke prevention. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. The trials that evaluated the efficacy of clopidogrel in preventing atherothrombotic events or stroke were also included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clopidogrel prevents more vascular events, including stroke, in patients with a recent myocardial infarction, stroke or peripheral vascular disease than aspirin. Combination of clopidogrel and aspirin provides a greater reduction of stroke than aspirin or clopidogrel monotherapy, but at an increased risk of bleeding. Dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel and aspirin) is inferior to warfarin in primary stroke prevention for patient with atrial fibrillation and thus should be considered for stroke prophylaxis only in patients ineligible for warfarin. However, with the advent of newer agents, like direct thrombin inhibitors and Factor Xa inhibitors, the role of antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Five Hospital Drive, CE306, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Nadish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajpurohit
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flaker
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin