title: Probiotics and herbal mixtures enhance the growth, blood constituents, and nonspecific immune response in Paralichthys olivaceus against Streptococcus parauberis.
abstract: The present study was reported the effect of probiotics and herbals mixture supplementation diet on growth, blood constituents, and nonspecific immune response in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus against Streptococcus parauberis on weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 after injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 50 μl of PBS (phosphate buffer saline) containing S. parauberis (2.1 × 10⁷ CFU ml⁻¹). The initial weight did not significantly increased in supplementation diet group from 1 to 4 weeks, whereas it was significantly increased from weeks 6 to 12 as compared to fish fed without supplementation diet. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) activities significantly increased from weeks 4 to 12 in infected fish fed with supplementation diet compared to fish fed without supplementation diet. However, the total protein (TP) and glucose (GLU) levels were significantly increased in infected fish fed with supplementation diet after 6 weeks. The phagocytic, respiratory burst, complement, and lysozyme activities significantly enhanced in infected fish fed with supplementation diet from weeks 4 to 12 as compared to fish fed without supplementation diet. These results suggested that different probiotics and herbals mixture supplementation diet enhanced the growth, blood biochemical constituents, and nonspecific immunity in olive flounder against S. parauberis.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Man-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D028001:Eleutherococcus; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005432:Flounder / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029882:Glycyrrhiza uralensis; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007778:Lactobacillus; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D005894:Panax; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D012440:Saccharomyces; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013291:Streptococcus
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D009113:Muramidase