title: Trauma is danger.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in young adult patients. Many pre-clinical and clinical studies attempt to investigate the immunological pathways involved, however the true mediators remain to be elucidated. Herein, we attempt to describe the immunologic response to systemic trauma in the context of the Danger model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search using PubMed was used to identify pertinent articles describing the Danger model in relation to trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our knowledge of Danger signals in relation to traumatic injury is still limited. Danger/alarmin signals are the most proximal molecules in the immune response that have many possibilities for effector function in the innate and acquired immune systems. Having a full understanding of these molecules and their pathways would give us the ability to intervene at such an early stage and may prove to be more effective in blunting the post-injury inflammatory response unlike previously failed cytokine experiments.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Porterfield
authors.forename: Dylan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pannell
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Elster
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*