title: Study of neurocognitive endophenotypes in drug-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, their first-degree relatives and healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating heritable neuropsychiatric condition. Attempts to delineate genetic contributions in OCD have met with limited success, with an ongoing search for neurocognitive endophenotypes. In this study, an attempt has been made to study and compare the neurocognitive functioning of patients with OCD, their first-degree relatives (FDRs) and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design study was carried out with thirty dyads of patients with OCD, their FDRs and thirty matched healthy controls and screened using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Verbal Adult Intelligence Scale, Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, International Personality Disorder Examination (Anankastic personality scale).Tests of National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Neuropsychological Battery were used to assess domains of attention, verbal memory, visual memory, set-shifting, response inhibition, planning and visuoconstructive abilities. spss version 14.0 was used for descriptive and analytical data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between patients with OCD and their FDRs on neurocognitive domains of delayed verbal recall, set-shifting, response inhibition and visuoconstructive abilities (P > 0.05) which were impaired compared with healthy controls. Significant differences (P < 0.05) on domains of attention, planning time and visual memory were noted between FDRs and patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study supports set-shifting and inhibitory control and proposes visuoconstructive abilities and delayed verbal recall as potential endophenotypes for OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, M.G. Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India. drgr26@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajender
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanwal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D058245:Cognitive Reserve / Q000502:physiology; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012718:Set, Psychology