title: Surgical correction of kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 5% of patients with spinal tuberculosis will develop a severe kyphotic deformity resulting in increased potential for pain, spinal cord compression, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, costopelvic impingement and cosmetic concerns. This manuscript reviews the evaluation and surgical management of tuberculous kyphosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a review article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for the development of severe kyphosis include those who develop spinal tuberculosis as children, multiple vertebral body involvement and thoracic spine involvement. These complications can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment of spinal tubercular lesions at stages with little to no deformity. When tubercular lesions result in progression of kyphosis to more than 50 degrees, the deformity should be surgically corrected to avoid problems associated with sagittal imbalance. There are several operations described for the treatment of kyphosis secondary to tuberculous spondylitis. The type of the operation depends on the magnitude of correction required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior, posterior and combined techniques as well as osteotomies and vertebral column resection have been described to correct spinal alignment and restore sagittal balance.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA. PSIssack@aol.com
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Issack
authors.forename: Oheneba
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boachie-Adjei
mesh_terms: D003646:Debridement; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014399:Tuberculosis, Spinal / Q000150:complications*