title: A biomimetic principle for the chemical modification of metal surfaces: synthesis of tripodal catecholates as analogues of siderophores and mussel adhesion proteins.
abstract: By following a biomimetic design principle, tetravalent scaffolds based on an adamantyl and trisalkylmethyl core structure have been synthesized. These scaffolds have been coupled to three catecholamines, thus resembling the characteristic tripodal recognition motif of many natural metal binders, such as mussel adhesion proteins and siderophores, for example, enterobactin. Besides this tripodal recognition element, our scaffolds provide a fourth position for the conjugation of effector molecules. These effectors can be conjugated through biocompatible conjugation techniques to the scaffold and can be used to tailor the properties of different metal surfaces for a range of applications, for example, in implant engineering. Herein, we describe the synthesis of several tripodal metal binders and their immobilization on TiO(2) surfaces by using a simple dip-coating procedure. Furthermore, we demonstrate the conjugation of our surface binders to the dye eosin Y as an effector molecule by peptide coupling. The resulting surfaces have been analyzed by using ellipsometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and contact-angle measurements to confirm the specific loading on TiO(2) films and nanoparticles with our trivalent surface binders. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated the functionalization of TiO(2) nanoparticles with the eosin Y dye.
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franzmann
authors.forename: Faiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weidmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohnke
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janek
authors.forename: Bernd M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Smarsly
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D004758:Enterobactin / Q000737:chemistry; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017262:Siderophores / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D010636:Phenols; D011506:Proteins; D017262:Siderophores; C037403:adhesive protein, mussel; C009495:titanium dioxide; D004758:Enterobactin; D014025:Titanium; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS)