title: Medication adherence, comorbidities, and health risk impacts on workforce absence and job performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand impacts of medication adherence, comorbidities, and health risks on workforce absence and job performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study using employees' medical/pharmacy claims and self-reported health risk appraisals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statin medication adherence in individuals with Coronary Artery Disease was significant predictor (P < 0.05) of decreasing absenteeism. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic, or metformin medication adherence in type 2 diabetics was significant (P < 0.05) predictor of decreasing job performance. Number of comorbidities was found as significant (P < 0.5) predictor of absenteeism in five of nine subsamples. Significant links (P < 0.05) between high health risks and lower job performance were found across all nine subsamples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest integrated health and productivity management strategies should include an emphasis on primary and secondary prevention to reduce health risks in addition to tertiary prevention efforts of disease management and medication management.
authors.affiliation: US Preventive Medicine Inc., Jacksonville, FL, USA. Rloeppke.md@USPreventiveMedicine.com
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loeppke
authors.forename: Vince
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haufle
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jinnett
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hymel
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konicki
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016903:Drug Monitoring