title: Evaluation of cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of wild and cultivated samples of sage (Salvia fruticosa) by activity-guided fractionation.
abstract: In European folk medicine, Salvia species have traditionally been used to enhance memory. In our previous study of 55 Salvia taxa, we explored significant anticholinesterase activity of cultivated S. fruticosa. In this study, we compared the inhibitory activity of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of 3 wild-grown samples and 1 cultivated sample of S. fruticosa against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (which are associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease) by using the spectrophotometric Ellman method. Antioxidant activities were assessed by determining 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, iron-chelating capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The dichloromethane extract of the cultivated sample was then subjected to fractionation by using open column chromatography and medium-pressure liquid chromatography to obtain the most active fraction by activity-guided fractionation. All fractions and subfractions were tested in the same manner, and inactive subfractions were discarded. The essential oil of the cultivated sample was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Sezer
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: Ilkay Erdogan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Sinem Aslan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Ferhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celep
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogan
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002802:Cholinesterases