title: 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Compendium of Physical Activities was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-report physical activity (PA) and is used to quantify the energy cost of a wide variety of PA. We provide the second update of the Compendium, called the 2011 Compendium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2011 Compendium retains the previous coding scheme to identify the major category headings and specific PA by their rate of energy expenditure in MET. Modifications in the 2011 Compendium include cataloging measured MET values and their source references, when available; addition of new codes and specific activities; an update of the Compendium tracking guide that links information in the 1993, 2000, and 2011 compendia versions; and the creation of a Web site to facilitate easy access and downloading of Compendium documents. Measured MET values were obtained from a systematic search of databases using defined key words.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2011 Compendium contains 821 codes for specific activities. Two hundred seventeen new codes were added, 68% (561/821) of which have measured MET values. Approximately half (317/604) of the codes from the 2000 Compendium were modified to improve the definitions and/or to consolidate specific activities and to update estimated MET values where measured values did not exist. Updated MET values accounted for 73% of all code changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Compendium is used globally to quantify the energy cost of PA in adults for surveillance activities, research studies, and, in clinical settings, to write PA recommendations and to assess energy expenditure in individuals. The 2011 Compendium is an update of a system for quantifying the energy cost of adult human PA and is a living document that is moving in the direction of being 100% evidence based.
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Wellness Program, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA. Barbara.Ainsworth@asu.edu
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Haskell
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Nathanael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meckes
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Catrine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tudor-Locke
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vezina
authors.forename: Melicia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Whitt-Glover
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leon
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D059019:Clinical Coding; D003625:Data Collection / Q000145:classification; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D055815:Young Adult