title: Comparison of the impact of trans fatty acids from ruminant and industrial sources on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in healthy men.
abstract: METHODS
  Mechanisms by which trans fatty acids (TFA) from industrial (iTFA) and ruminant (rTFA) sources alter cholesterol homeostasis are virtually unknown. We compared the impact of dietary iTFA and rTFA on surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption (β-sitosterol and campesterol) and synthesis (lathosterol) in healthy men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a randomized, controlled double-blind crossover study, 38 healthy men consumed three experimental isoenergetic diets for 4 wk each. The three diets were (i) high in iTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), (ii) high in rTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal) and (iii) control diet low in TFA from any source (2.2 g/2500 kcal). The sum of plasma β-sitosterol and campesterol concentrations was significantly reduced after the iTFA diet compared with the control diet (-12%, p=0.050). The reduction in combined β-sitosterol and campesterol levels was larger in magnitude after the rTFA diet (-29% versus the control diet and -20% versus the iTFA diet, p<0.0001). The TFA-rich diets had no impact on plasma lathosterol concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very high intakes of rTFA and iTFA decrease cholesterol absorption but have no impact on cholesterol synthesis. Consumption of rTFA reduces cholesterol absorption to a greater extent than iTFA, but this difference does not ultimately affect plasma cholesterol concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Ève
authors.initials: MÈ
authors.lastname: Labonté
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paquin
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chouinard
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamarche
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000097:blood; D012418:Ruminants; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000097:blood; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; C021273:campesterol; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D002784:Cholesterol