title: Purification, functionalization, and bioconjugation of carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Bioconjugation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with biomolecules promises exciting applications such as biosensing, nanobiocomposite formulation, design of drug vector systems, and probing protein interactions. Pristine CNTs, however, are virtually water-insoluble and difficult to evenly disperse in a liquid matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to attach molecules or functional groups to their sidewalls to enable bioconjugation. Both noncovalent and covalent procedures can be used to conjugate CNTs with a target biomolecule for a specific bioapplication. This chapter presents a few selected protocols that can be performed at any wet chemistry laboratory to purify and biofunctionalize CNTs. The preparation of CNTs modified with metallic nanoparticles, especially gold, is also described since biomolecules can bind and self-organize on the surfaces of such metal-decorated CNTs.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada. John.Luong@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: John H T
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Luong
authors.forename: Keith B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Male
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Fwu-Shan
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D001894:Borohydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D055767:Immobilized Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D055672:Static Electricity; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001894:Borohydrides; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D055767:Immobilized Proteins; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D011721:Pyrenes; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014867:Water; C000499:ferric oxide; D017942:Nitric Acid; D006046:Gold; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; C030984:pyrene; C033158:sulfuric acid; D012825:Silicon; C077114:styrenesulfonic acid polymer