title: Association between cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity and postoperative short-term and long-term cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our intent was to identify whether cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity in diabetic patients is a risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-four diabetic patients undergoing elective CABG were studied and analyzed. Diabetic patients were divided into three groups: normal CO(2) reactivity group (above 5%/mmHg), medium CO(2) reactivity group (between 5 and 3%/mmHg), or impaired CO(2) reactivity group (below 3%/mmHg). After the induction of anesthesia and before the start of surgery, cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity was measured for all patients. Hemodynamic parameters (arterial and jugular venous blood gas values) were measured during cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients underwent a battery of neurological and neuropsychological tests the day before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 7 days, the rate of cognitive dysfunction in the impaired CO(2) group was higher than in the other three groups (normal, 30%; medium, 25%; impaired, 57%; *P < 0.01 compared with the other groups). In contrast, at 6 months postoperatively, no significant difference in the rate of cognitive dysfunction was found among the three groups. Age, hypertension, CO(2) reactivity, the duration for which jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO(2)) was less than 50%, ascending aorta atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, and insulin therapy were independent predictors of short-term cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients, and HbA1c, diabetic retinopathy, and insulin therapy were independent predictors of long-term cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that impaired cerebrovascular CO(2) reactivity was associated with postoperative short-term cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Saitama Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan. kadoi@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadoi
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizutani
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010100:Oxygen; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human