title: Salmonella contamination in shell eggs exposed to modified-pressure imaging for microcrack detection.
abstract: Microcracks in egg shells are a food safety risk and are difficult for professional human graders to detect. Modified-pressure imaging technology with 99.6% accuracy has been developed to detect microcracks. This study was conducted to determine whether the microcrack detection system would increase penetration of Salmonella into egg contents or lead to cross-contamination within the system. Thirty dozen grade A large white retail eggs were used for each of 3 replicates. Cracked eggs were removed and 72 eggs/replicate were dip inoculated in buffered peptone water containing 10(5) cfu/mL of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), whereas 144 eggs were dipped in sterile buffered peptone water. All eggs were incubated overnight at 25°C before imaging. Forty-five eggs of each treatment were imaged in the following order: control, inoculated, control. Imaged and nonimaged eggs from each treatment were used for cultural analysis of a shell rinse, shell emulsion, and contents sample for each egg. The ST levels were monitored on brilliant green sulfa agar with 200 mg/L of nalidixic acid. Egg contents were also enriched to determine the prevalence of ST in low levels. Salmonella Typhimurium was not detected on or in any of the control eggs, including the eggs imaged after the inoculated eggs. The highest level of ST was detected in inoculated shell emulsions (4.79 log cfu/mL). No differences in ST levels were found for any sample location between imaged and nonimaged inoculated eggs. Therefore, the modified-pressure imaging system for microcrack detection did not result in microbial cross-contamination or increase the level of microbial penetration in inoculated eggs. The imaging system can be used to assess eggs for cracks without negative food safety implications.
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA. Deana.Jones@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Heitschmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000382:microbiology*; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D059022:Food Safety / Q000379:methods*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000302:isolation & purification*