title: Bowel preparation for colectomy and risk of Clostridium difficile infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical bowel preparation before colectomy is controversial for several reasons, including a theoretically increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of C difficile infection among patients who underwent mechanical bowel preparation and those who did not. A secondary objective was to assess the association between C difficile infection and the use of oral antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative Colectomy Project (n = 24 hospitals) participates in the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program with additional targeted data specific to patients undergoing colectomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included were adult patients (21 years and older) admitted to participating hospitals for elective colectomy between August 2007 and June 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was laboratory detection of a positive C difficile toxin assay or stool culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand two hundred sixty-three patients underwent colectomy and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Fifty-four patients developed a C difficile infection, for a hospital median rate of 2.8% (range, 0-14.7%). Use of mechanical bowel preparation was not associated with an increased incidence of C difficile infection (P = .95). Among 1685 patients that received mechanical bowel preparation, 684 (41%) received oral antibiotics. The proportion of patients in whom C difficile infection was diagnosed after the use of preoperative oral antibiotics was smaller than the proportion of patients with C difficile infection who did not receive oral antibiotics (1.6% vs 2.9%, P = .09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential exists for underestimation of C difficile infection because of the study's strict data collection criteria and risk of undetected infection after postoperative day 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to previous single-center data, this multicenter study showed that the preoperative use of mechanical bowel preparation was not associated with increased risk of C difficile infection after colectomy. Moreover, the addition of oral antibiotics with mechanical bowel preparation did not confer any additional risk of infection.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Greta L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Krapohl
authors.forename: Laurel R S
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Darrell A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hendren
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Arden M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002400:Cathartics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003082:Colectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002400:Cathartics