title: Phenotype and differentiation of bone marrow-derived smooth muscle progenitor cells.
abstract: 1. Smooth muscle progenitor cells (SPC) are undifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells implicated in many hyperplastic diseases of the blood vessels. However, few in vitro studies have investigated the characteristics of SPC. 2. In the present study, we constructed a recombinant plasmid with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and a rat SM22α promoter, which was exclusively promoted in a smooth muscle cell lineage. Constructs were then transferred into adherent mononuclear cells derived from rat bone marrow. After 3 days, GFP-positive cells, which should be SPC, were isolated by flow cytometry. 3. Flow cytometric analysis and dual immunofluorescent staining showed that the GFP-positive cells expressed both α-smooth muscle actin (a specific marker for smooth muscle) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 (abundant on precursor cells), but not calmodulin or CD31. After stimulation of SPC with 50 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-BB, CXCR4 levels decreased and calmodulin protein content increased, as determined by western blot analysis. 4. On the basis of these results, we conclude that SPC have dual characteristics of both precursor and smooth muscle cells, and might well differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells under certain conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Manling
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002147:Calmodulin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C486264:Cxcr4 protein, rat; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat; C051615:transgelin