title: Progress toward control of rubella and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome--worldwide, 2009.
abstract: Rubella, usually a mild rash illness in children and adults, can cause serious consequences when a pregnant woman is infected, particularly in early pregnancy. These serious consequences include miscarriage, fetal death or an infant born with birth defects (i.e., congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)). The primary purpose for rubella vaccination is the prevention of congenital rubella infection including CRS. Since 1969, several rubella virus vaccines have been licensed for use; however, until the 1990s, use of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) was limited primarily to developed countries. In 1996, it was estimated that 110,000 infants with CRS were born annually in developing countries. In 2000, the first World Health Organization rubella vaccine position paper was published to guide introduction of RCV in national childhood immunization schedules. From 1996 to 2009, the number of countries that introduced RCV into their national routine childhood immunization programs increased by 57% from 83 countries in 1996 to 130 countries in 2009. In addition, three of the six WHO regions established rubella control and CRS prevention goals: Region of the Americas and Europe rubella elimination by 2010 and 2015, respectively, and Western Pacific Region-accelerated rubella control and CRS prevention by 2015. Also, during this time period, the number of rubella cases reported decreased from 670,894 in 2000 to 121,344 in 2009. Rubella control and prevention of CRS can be accelerated by integrating with current global measles mortality reduction and regional elimination activities.
authors.affiliation: Global Immunization Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. ser2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reef
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strebel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbagh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gacic-Dobo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cochi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011640:Public Policy; D012409:Rubella / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012410:Rubella Syndrome, Congenital / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D012411:Rubella Vaccine