title: In vitro effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinses on polyspecies biofilms.
abstract: The aim of this study was to use the Zurich polyspecies biofilm model to compare the antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine mouth rinses available on the Swiss market. As positive and negative controls, aqueous 0.15% CHX solution and water were used, respectively. In addition, Listerine® without CHX was tested. Biofilms in batch culture were grown in 24- well polystyrene tissue culture plates on hydroxyapatite discs in 70% mixed (1:1 diluted) unstimulated saliva and 30% complex culture medium. During the 64.5-hour culturing period, the biofilms were exposed to the test solutions for 1 minute twice a day on two subsequent days. Thereafter, the biofilms were dip-washed 3 times in physiological NaCl. Following the last exposure, the incubation of biofilms was continued for another 16 h. They were then harvested at 64.5 h. The dispersed biofilms were plated on 2 agar media. After incubation, colonies (CFU) were counted. All solutions containing CHX as well as Listerine ® significantly reduced the number of microorganisms in biofilms. According to their efficacy, the mouth rinses were classified into 2 groups. The two Curasept ADS solutions, Parodentosan, and the Listerine® mouth rinse reduced the number of total CFU by 3 log10 steps. This seems sufficient for a long-lasting prophylactic application. The two PlakOut® mouth rinses and the CHX control fell into the other group, where the number of CFU was reduced by 7 log10 steps. These mouth rinses are predestined for short-term therapeutic use. However, reversible side effects must be taken into account. It has thus far not been possible to formulate CHX products with effective ADS (Anti Discoloration System) additives without reducing antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Center for Dental Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland. bernie@zzm.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guggenheim
authors.forename: Andräé
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine; D002710:Chlorhexidine