title: Quantification techniques to minimize the effects of native T1 variation and B1 inhomogeneity in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast at 3 T.
abstract: The variation of the native T(1) (T(10)) of different tissues and B(1) transmission-field inhomogeneity at 3 T are major contributors of errors in the quantification of breast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. To address these issues, we have introduced new enhancement indices derived from saturation-recovery snapshot-FLASH (SRSF) images. The stability of the new indices, i.e., the SRSF enhancement factor (EF(SRSF)) and its simplified version (EF'(SRSF)) with respect to differences in T(10) and B(1) inhomogeneity was compared against a typical index used in breast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, i.e., the enhancement ratio (ER), by using computer simulations. Imaging experiments with Gd-DTPA-doped gel phantoms and a female volunteer were also performed. A lower error was observed in the new indices compared to enhancement ratio in the presence of typical T(10) variation and B(1) inhomogeneity. At changes of relaxation rate (ΔR(1)) of 8 s(-1), the differences between a T(10) of 1266 and 566 ms are <1, 12, and 58%, respectively, for EF(SRSF), EF'(SRSF), and ER, whereas differences of 20, 8, and 51%, respectively, result from a 50% B(1) field reduction at the same ΔR(1). These quantification techniques may be a solution to minimize the effect of T(10) variation and B(1) inhomogeneity on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast at 3 T.
authors.affiliation: Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom. azlanbme@um.edu.my
authors.forename: Che A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Azlan
authors.forename: Trevor S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ahearn
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Giovanni
authors.forename: Scott I K
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Redpath
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity