title: Safety and efficacy of Rift Valley fever Smithburn and Clone 13 vaccines in calves.
abstract: Two modified live attenuated vaccines against the disease Rift Valley fever (RVF) have been tested for safety and efficacy in young calves. The RVF Smithburn vaccine produced in South Africa and used successfully to prevent and control the disease in endemic sub-Saharan countries was compared to the candidate vaccine RVF Clone 13. Five sero-negative calves per vaccine group were vaccinated with a single dose of each vaccine and tested for antibody response. All vaccinated calves were challenged with a highly virulent RVF virus together with five unvaccinated calves used as control of the challenge. Protection was confirmed in all vaccinated animals as they did not show any clinical signs typical of RVF. A good neutralizing antibody response was induced post-vaccination and no viraemia could be detected post-challenge in calves of both vaccine groups. All non-vaccinated control animals showed clinical symptoms of RVF, high viraemia and were euthanized. This study reported the first case of blindness in cattle resulting from virulent RVF virus infection in unvaccinated calves used as negative controls.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Virology, Onderstepoort Biological Products Ltd., Private Bag X07, Onderstepoort 0110, Republic of South Africa. beate@obpvaccines.co.za
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Teichman
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engelbrecht
authors.forename: Gcwalisile
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zulu
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dungu
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pardini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouloy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012295:Rift Valley Fever / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012296:Rift Valley fever virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines