title: Sport-specific outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been studied extensively in the literature, sport-specific outcomes have not been well-documented. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess sport-specific outcomes after ACL reconstruction in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies reporting sport-specific outcomes after primary ACL reconstruction. Included studies were required to have reported standardized outcomes after primary ACL reconstruction for a single sport or comparing between different sports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 8 studies conformed to all inclusion criteria: 2 Level II studies, 1 Level III study, and 5 Level IV case series. Only 1 study reported comparisons of standardized outcomes between different sports, whereas 7 studies reported standardized outcomes in a single sport. Return to activity was the most common sport-specific outcome reported and varied from 19% (soccer) to 100% (bicycling and rugby), although the methods of measuring this outcome differed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas return to activity after ACL reconstruction appears more likely for bicycling and jogging than for cutting and pivoting sports such as soccer and football, the literature on sport-specific outcomes from ACL reconstruction is limited with minimal data. Further studies are needed to report sport-specific outcomes and return to play after ACL reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, systematic review of Level II, III, and IV studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Matthew V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Rick W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Matava
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brophy
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D013177:Sports; D016896:Treatment Outcome