title: Efficacy of hypnosis/guided imagery in fibromyalgia syndrome--a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent systematic reviews on psychological therapies of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) did not consider hypnosis/guided imagery (H/GI). Therefore we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of the efficacy of H/GI in FMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened http://ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS (through December 2010). (Quasi-) randomized controlled trials (CTs) comparing H/GI with controls were analyzed. Outcomes were pain, sleep, fatigue, depressed mood and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Effects were summarized using standardized mean differences (SMD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six CTs with 239 subjects with a median of 9 (range 7-12) H/GI-sessions were analysed. The median number of patients in the H/GI groups was 20 (range 8-26). Three studies performed follow-ups. H/GI reduced pain compared to controls at final treatment (SMD -1.17 [95% CI -2.21, -0.13]; p = 0.03). H/GI did not reduce limitations of HRQOL at final treatment (SMD -0.90 [95% CI -2.55, 0.76]; p = 0.29) compared to controls. Effect sizes on fatigue, sleep and depressed mood at final treatment and follow-up and on pain and HRQOL at follow-up were not calculated because of limited data available. The significant effect on pain at final treatment was associated with low methodological and low treatment quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies with better treatment quality and adequate methodological quality assessing all key domains of FMS are necessary to clarify the efficacy of H/GI in FMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Straße 100, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bernardy
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Füber
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Häuser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult