title: Postoperative complications in smoking patients treated with implants: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the risk of complications (eg, implant loss, infection, peri-implantitis, and mucositis) in a group of patients treated with osseointegrated implants and to assess the effect of smoking on this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of patients treated in the Unit of Implantology, University of Barcelona Faculty of Dentistry was performed. All patients had already undergone prosthetic treatment, and the minimal follow-up time after implant surgery was 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 295 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 56.9% were women and 43.1% were men. They received a total of 1,033 implants. There were 209 complications (32 cases of implant loss, 2 cases of infection, 70 cases of peri-implantitis, and 105 cases of mucositis). The smoking habit was associated with an increased risk of complications (P = .008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers had an increased risk of complications, including infection, implant loss, mucositis, and peri-implantitis, compared with nonsmoking patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Barcelona School of Dentistry, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar Francisco
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Argueta
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valmaseda-Castellon
authors.forename: Cosme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gay-Escoda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000601:surgery; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants