title: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and job exposure in Taiwan oyster shuckers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oyster shucking is characterized by long hours of static work, awkward working posture, and highly repetitive hand/wrist motion. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort and kyphosis in oyster shuckers in Taiwan as well as the biomechanical features of oyster shucking.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Chinese version of the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was successfully collected from 234 oyster shuckers. The characteristics of workstation, hand/wrist motion angles, and muscular exertion in shucking oysters were recorded. Measurements to identify kyphosis were also taken from the subjects and a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the participated oyster shuckers, low back (75.2%), hand/wrist (60.3%), shoulder (44.0%), and elbow (27.8%) discomfort were reported most frequently. The prevalence of low back discomfort in oyster shuckers was higher than various groups of workers who need long hours of seated position. Those who worked on tables had fewer musculoskeletal complaints in shoulder and elbow (P < 0.05) than those not. Additionally, oyster shuckers were more prone to kyphosis than the general population (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oyster shuckers are observed to have high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort and kyphosis. Introduction of ergonomic design to oyster shucking workshops is strongly suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. hsuderjen@nkfust.edu.tw
authors.forename: Der-Jen
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jer-Hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jyun-De
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chih-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ya-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010125:Ostreidae; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult