title: Y-chromosomal diversity of the Valachs from the Czech Republic: model for isolated population in Central Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate Y-chromosomal diversity of the Moravian Valachs of the Czech Republic and compare them with a Czech population sample and other samples from Central and South-Eastern Europe, and to evaluate the effects of genetic isolation and sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first sample set of the Valachs consisted of 94 unrelated male donors from the Valach region in northeastern Czech Republic border-area. The second sample set of the Valachs consisted of 79 men who originated from 7 paternal lineages defined by surname. No close relatives were sampled. The third sample set consisted of 273 unrelated men from the whole of the Czech Republic and was used for comparison, as well as published data for other 27 populations. The total number of samples was 3244. Y-short tandem repeat (STR) markers were typed by standard methods using PowerPlex® Y System (Promega) and Yfiler® Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems) kits. Y-chromosomal haplogroups were estimated from the haplotype information. Haplotype diversity and other intra- and inter-population statistics were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Moravian Valachs showed a lower genetic variability of Y-STR markers than other Central European populations, resembling more to the isolated Balkan populations (Aromuns, Csango, Bulgarian, and Macedonian Roma) than the surrounding populations (Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Saxons). We illustrated the effect of sampling on Valach paternal lineages, which includes reduction of discrimination capacity and variability inside Y-chromosomal haplogroups. Valach modal haplotype belongs to R1a haplogroup and it was not detected in the Czech population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Moravian Valachs display strong substructure and isolation in their Y chromosomal markers. They represent a unique Central European population model for population genetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. eda.ehler@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Edvard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ehler
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vane
authors.forename: Vlastimil
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vancata
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D018153:Czech Republic; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D030661:Genetic Privacy; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic
chemical_list: D004247:DNA