title: Psychological impact of premature ejaculation and barriers to its recognition and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction, occurring in 20-30% of men. Unlike erectile dysfunction, which increases with age, rates of PE remain constant across the adult life span.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the prevalence of PE, its psychological sequelae and barriers to effective treatment, treatment options, and the effects of treatment on the psychological burden of PE.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify primary papers related to PE published between 1980 and 2010. Key words included premature ejaculation, prevalence, quality of life, interpersonal relationships, psychotherapy, drug therapy, and treatment barriers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with PE often suffer from significant psychological distress including anxiety, depression, lack of sexual confidence, poor self-esteem, impaired quality of life, sexual dissatisfaction, and interpersonal difficulties. Due to various reasons, however, most men do not seek treatment for PE. Many physicians are unaware of the distressful nature of PE and might be reluctant to ask patients about their sexual function. Nevertheless, increasing clinical research on pharmacologic treatment of PE, and the use of on-demand orally administered short-acting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or topically applied local anesthetics, appears promising. Although few rigorous studies assessing psychotherapeutic treatments have been conducted, many clinicians report the success of psychological treatments for PE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conclusions drawn from this review are limited due to inherent variations across studies, including criteria to define PE, study designs, outcome measures, populations, survey instruments, and study settings. While the psychological distress associated with PE suggests the appropriateness of at least minimal counseling for couples, limited data are available to support a combined psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatment approach. The paucity of well-designed psychotherapy or combination studies represents an important unmet need in the treatment of PE.
authors.affiliation: The Graduate School and Office of Continuing Education, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA. david.rowland@valpo.edu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rowland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004542:Ejaculation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors