title: Antifibrotic treatment and other new strategies for improving renal outcomes.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is clinically characterized by proteinuria and hypertension. Investigations suggest that matrix accumulation and inflammatory processes contribute to the pathological features of this progressive disease. This chapter reviews novel targeted approaches to the treatment of DN, with the goal of slowing the progression and improving renal function. Many studies support the use of agents that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in DN. Novel, oral agents that are promising in early clinical studies are agents such as pirfenidone and bardoxolone as they are associated with early improvement in renal function in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease. Additionally, strategies that inhibit inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and mediators of the innate immune response may provide novel targets for the treatment of DN. Larger clinical studies are eagerly awaited to determine if new agents that specifically block kidney fibrosis and inflammation will delay, arrest and possibly reverse progressive renal failure.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cunard
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor