title: Sulforaphane prevents microcystin-LR-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in BALB/c mice.
abstract: Microcystins (MCs), the products of blooming algae Microcystis, are waterborne environmental toxins that have been implicated in the development of liver cancer, necrosis, and even fatal intrahepatic bleeding. Alternative protective approaches in addition to complete removal of MCs in drinking water are urgently needed. In our previous work, we found that sulforaphane (SFN) protects against microcystin-LR (MC-LR)-induced cytotoxicity by activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated defensive response in human hepatoma (HepG2) and NIH 3T3 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate and confirm efficacy the SFN-induced multi-mechanistic defense system against MC-induced hepatotoxicity in an animal model. We report that SFN protected against MC-LR-induced liver damage and animal death at a nontoxic and physiologically relevant dose in BALB/c mice. The protection by SFN included activities of anti-cytochrome P450 induction, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Our results suggest that SFN may protect mice against MC-induced hepatotoxicity. This raises the possibility of a similar protective effect in human populations, particularly in developing countries where freshwaters are polluted by blooming algae.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Fung-Lung
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Nanqin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017879:Isothiocyanates; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; C057862:cyanoginosin LR; C016766:sulforaphane; D005978:Glutathione