title: Novel biomarkers in acute heart failure.
abstract: Heart failure goes beyond mechanical dysfunction and involves an interplay of multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms, including inflammation, tissue remodeling, neurohormonal and endocrine signaling, and interactions with the renal and nervous systems. This article highlights some novel biomarkers that may aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of acute heart failure, specifically focusing on ST2, endoglin, galectin-3, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, midregional pro-adrenomedullin, chromogranin A, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin and their emerging clinical roles.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Marat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanavitski
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Givertz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D000071063:Endoglin; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D052242:Adiponectin; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A; D055316:Cystatin C; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D037502:Galectin 3; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D052243:Resistin; D053607:Adrenomedullin