title: Increased detection of cystic-fibrosis-related diabetes in Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence of cystic-fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) in youth from New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia and to examine demographic/clinical features at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident cases of CFRD in young people aged ≤ 18 years diagnosed during 2000 to 2008 were identified from four paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) clinics and the NSW/ACT Australasian Paediatric Endocrine Group Diabetes Register.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFRD was diagnosed in 41 cases (59% girls). The estimated mean annual incidence of CFRD among patients with CF was 9.4 per 1000 person years (95% CI 6.8 to 12.8). Incidence increased from 2.0 per 1000 person years in 2000 to 22.1 per 1000 in 2008 (incidence RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4). Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was abnormal in the majority at diagnosis: median HbA1c was 6.9% (6.2-8.1%). More cases were diagnosed using an oral glucose tolerance test in 2007-2008 compared with previous years (61% vs 6%, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFRD is increasingly recognised and now affects approximately one in five young people with CF. The rising incidence is likely to be due to increased detection, resulting from greater awareness and changes in screening practices. Widespread uptake of consensus guidelines for screening will ensure accurate case detection, but will also impact on patient care and resource allocation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, 2145 NSW, Australia
authors.forename: Malay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Craig F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Munns
authors.forename: Hiran C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Selvadurai
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simonds
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Helen J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Woodhead
authors.forename: Shihab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Verge
authors.forename: Antony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lafferty
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Crock
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020958:Australian Capital Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human