title: Fingerprints for main varieties of argentinean wines: terroir differentiation by inorganic, organic, and stable isotopic analyses coupled to chemometrics.
abstract: Our main goal was to investigate if robust chemical fingerprints could be developed for three Argentinean red wines based on organic, inorganic, and isotopic patterns, in relation to the regional soil composition. Soils and wines from three regions (Mendoza, San Juan, and Córdoba) and three varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Syrah) were collected. The phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-MS/MS and multielemental composition by ICP-MS; (87)Sr/(86)Sr and δ(13)C were determined by TIMS and IRMS, respectively. Chemometrics allowed robust differentiation between regions, wine varieties, and the same variety from different regions. Among phenolic compounds, resveratrol concentration was the most useful marker for wine differentiation, whereas Mg, K/Rb, Ca/Sr, and (87)Sr/(86)Sr were the main inorganic and isotopic parameters selected. Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) using two studied matrices (wine and soil) shows consensus between them and clear differences between studied areas. Finally, we applied a canonical correlation analysis, demonstrating significant correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.001) between soil and wine composition. To our knowledge this is the first report combining independent variables, constructing a fingerprint including elemental composition, isotopic, and polyphenol patterns to differentiate wines, matching part of this fingerprint with the soil provenance.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Romina D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Di Paola-Naranjo
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: Natalia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Podio
authors.forename: Hector R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fabani
authors.forename: Raul G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Badini
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inga
authors.forename: Hector A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ostera
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cagnoni
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallegos
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peral-Garcia
authors.forename: Jurian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoogewerff
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wunderlin
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D007554:Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D007554:Isotopes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012987:Soil