title: Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1)-dependent breakdown of mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase protein by heme in human liver cells.
abstract: 5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS-1) is the first rate controlling enzyme that controls cellular heme biosynthesis. Negative feedback regulation of ALAS-1 by the end product heme is well documented and provides the foundation for heme treatment of acute porphyrias, a group of diseases caused by genetic defects in the heme biosynthesis pathway and exacerbated by controlled up-regulation of ALAS-1. Heme is known to affect ALAS-1 activity by repressing gene transcription, accelerating mRNA degradation, and impeding pre-ALAS-1 mitochondrial translocation. In the current study, we examined the effect of heme on the rate of mature ALAS-1 protein turnover in human cells and tissues and explored the mediator involved in this new regulatory mechanism. We found that heme and other metalloporphyrins such as CoPP and CrPP decreased mitochondrial ALAS-1 protein through proteolysis. This degradative effect cannot be emulated by iron or free protoporphyrin, two major chemical components of the heme ring, and is independent of oxidative stress. Down-regulating the activity of mitochondrial LONP1, an ATP-dependent protease that controls the selective turnover of mitochondrial matrix proteins, with potent inhibitors and specific siRNA diminished the negative effect of heme on mitochondrial ALAS-1. Therefore, our data support the existence of a conserved heme feedback regulatory mechanism that functions on the mature form of ALAS-1 protein through the activity of a mitochondrial proteolytic system.
authors.affiliation: Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28203, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Jianyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Laura W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Schrum
authors.forename: Herbert L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bonkovsky
mesh_terms: D000624:5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000208:Acute Disease; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D006418:Heme / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011164:Porphyrias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D006418:Heme; D000624:5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases