title: A combined technique based on prilling and microwave assisted treatments for the production of ketoprofen controlled release dosage forms.
abstract: In this study the feasibility of joining prilling and microwave (MW) assisted treatments as combined technique to produce controlled release alginate beads was tested. Beads were produced by prilling (laminar jet break-up) using different polymer concentrations and loaded with ketoprofen, a slightly soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory BCS class II drug characterized by low melting point. MW assisted treatments applied using different irradiating conditions were performed as drying/curing step. The effect of formulation conditions and process variables on drying kinetics, particle micromeritics, shape, surface and inner characteristics of the matrix as well as drug loading and drug release behaviour was studied (USP pH change method). The properties of MW dried particles were compared to those dehydrated by convective methods (room conditions and tray oven 105°C). Results showed that MW dried ketoprofen loaded beads were obtained in a very narrow dimensional range retaining shape and size distribution of the hydrates particles. Compared to the traditional drying methods, MW treatments were able to strongly increase drying rate of the hydrated beads achieving faster and controllable dehydration kinetics. Moreover, different regimes of irradiation affected structural properties of the particles such as matrix porosity as well as the solid state of the loaded drug. DSC, X-ray and FTIR analyses indicated complex chemical interactions between the drug and polymer matrix induced by MW, related with the regime of irradiation, that contributes to the differences in release profiles. In fact, MW treatments under different time and irradiating regimes are able to modulate drug release from alginate beads; high levels of irradiation led to beads suitable for immediate release oral dosage forms whereas the lowest regime of irradiation led to beads that achieved a prolonged/sustained release of the drug till 8h in simulated intestinal medium. This study showed that prilling in combination with microwave treatments is a useful and simple tandem technique to prepare dextran-based dried beads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auriemma
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Gaudio
authors.forename: Anna Angela
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: d'Amore
authors.forename: Rita P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Aquino
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D003890:Desiccation; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008872:Microwaves; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D007660:Ketoprofen