title: Human rhinovirus in the lower respiratory tract infections of young children and the possible involvement of a secondary respiratory viral agent.
abstract: Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are usually associated with mild respiratory symptoms in children. However, some studies have found that HRV can cause severe disease, especially when the patient is co-infected with a second virus. In this study, 532 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected over a nine-year period from children at the Clinics Hospital of Uberlândia. The collected NPAs were then tested for HRV RNA using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-three specimens from children diagnosed with lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) were positive for HRV RNA and were then tested for the presence of eight other respiratory viruses. A second virus was detected in 37.3% (31/83) of the samples. The most frequent clinical diagnosis was bronchiolitis, followed by other LRTI and then pneumonia. The frequency of severe disease in children infected with more than one virus was not significantly different from the frequency of severe disease in children infected with HRV alone. Children infected with both HRV and parainfluenza virus (1.5 m.o.) were significantly younger than those infected by HRV alone (5.0 m.o.) (p = 0.0454). Overall, these results suggest that infection with a second virus does not lead to a higher frequency of severe syndromes in children presenting with LRTI.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.
authors.forename: Nayhanne Tizzo de
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.forename: Bruno Moreira
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Jonny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokosawa
authors.forename: Guilherme Ramos Oliveira E
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Thelma Fátima de Mattos
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Lourenço Faria
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Hélio Lopes da
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Divina Aparecida Oliveira
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Queiróz
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000821:virology*; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral