title: Cigarette smoking in the HIV-infected population.
abstract: As mortality due to AIDS-related causes has decreased with the use of antiretroviral therapy, there has been a rise in deaths related to non-AIDS-defining illnesses. Given the exceedingly high prevalence of cigarette smoking among individuals living with HIV infection, tobacco has been implicated as a major contributor to this paradigm shift. Evidence suggests that smoking-related illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory illnesses, and certain malignancies, contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons. In this review, we summarize the adverse health consequences of smoking relevant to HIV-infected individuals and discuss smoking cessation in this unique population, including a discussion of barriers to quitting and a review of studies that have examined smoking cessation interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Shiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahmanian
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wewers
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletar
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferketich
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diaz
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004522:Educational Status; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D012923:Social Class; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists