title: Characterization of cephalexin loaded nonionic microemulsions.
abstract: Water/propylene glycol/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/isopropyl myristate/peppermint oil U-type microemulsions were used to solubilize cephalexin. Microemulsion dilution and interfacial factors contributing to the cephalexin solubilization were evaluated. Cephalexin solubilization capacity increases with the increase in the aqueous phase volume fraction (φ) up to 0.4 then decreases. Electrical conductivity of drug loaded and drug free microemulsions increases with φ. The hydrodynamic radius measured by dynamic light scattering of the oil-in-water loaded microemulsions decreases with temperature. The microemulsions were characterized by the volumetric parameters, density, excess volume, ultrasonic velocity and isentropic compressibility. The microemulsion densities increase with φ up to 0.8 then decrease. The excess volume decreases with φ up to 0.8 then stabilizes. Ultrasonic velocities increase with the increase in φ while isentropic compressibility decreases. Analysis of the volumetric parameters enabled the characterization of structural transition along the microemulsion phase region. The presence of water-in-oil, bicontinuous and oil-in-water microemulsions, at aqueous phase volume fractions below 0.2, between 0.3 and 0.7 and above 0.8, respectively were found. Interfacial properties and dynamic structure of the monolayer for drug loaded and drug free microemulsions, were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy employing the nitroxide spin probe 5-doxylstearic acid. The rigidity of the interface was affected by the water content and also the presence of cephalexin.
authors.affiliation: Colloids and Surfaces Research Center, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine.
authors.forename: Monzer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fanun
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Aristotelis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xenakis
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002506:Cephalexin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004058:Diffusion; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D036142:Mentha piperita; D044367:Phase Transition; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D010938:Plant Oils; D014867:Water; C018152:sucrose monolaurate; D013395:Sucrose; D019946:Propylene Glycol; C015424:peppermint oil; D002506:Cephalexin