title: Evaluation of endoscopic vein extraction on structural and functional viability of saphenous vein endothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial injury during harvest influences graft patency post CABG. We have previously shown that endoscopic harvest causes structural and functional damage to the saphenous vein (SV) endothelium. However, causes of such injury may depend on the extraction technique. In order to assess this supposition, we evaluated the effect of VirtuoSaph endoscopic SV harvesting technique (VsEVH) on structural and functional viability of SV endothelium using multiphoton imaging, biochemical and immunofluorescence assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients scheduled for CABG were prospectively identified. Each underwent VsEVH for one portion and "No-touch" open SV harvesting (OSVH) for another portion of the SV. A two cm segment from each portion was immersed in GALA conduit preservation solution and transported overnight to our lab for processing. The segments were labeled with fluorescent markers to quantify cell viability, calcium mobilization and generation of nitric oxide. Morphology, expression, localization and stability of endothelial caveolin, eNOS, von Willebrand factor and cadherin were evaluated using immunofluorescence, Western blot and multiphoton microscopy (MPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphological, biochemical and immunofluorescence parameters of viability, structure and function were well preserved in VsEVH group as in OSVH group. However, tonic eNOS activity, agonist-dependent calcium mobilization and nitric oxide production were partially attenuated in the VsEVH group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that VirtuoSaph endoscopic SV harvesting technique preserves the structural and functional viability of SV endothelium, but may differentially attenuate the vasomotor function of the saphenous vein graft.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Bader E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hussaini
authors.forename: Xiu-Gui
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J Alan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Hemant S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thatte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017546:Angioscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000166:cytology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004950:Esterases; D002118:Calcium