title: Electronic drug interaction alerts in ambulatory care: the value and acceptance of high-value alerts in US medical practices as assessed by an expert clinical panel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computerized physician order entry systems are known to improve patient safety in acute-care hospitals. However, as clinicians frequently override drug interaction and allergy alerts, their value in ambulatory care remains uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to examine whether ambulatory care clinicians were more likely to accept drug-drug interaction alerts that an expert panel judged to be of high clinical value.
  
  
  METHODS
  We convened an expert panel to examine drug-drug interaction alerts generated by 2872 clinicians in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and New Jersey who used a common electronic prescribing system between 1 January 2006 and 30 September 2006. We selected 120 representative drug interaction alerts from the most commonly encountered class-class interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expert panel rated each alert based on the following categories: (i) strength of the scientific evidence; (ii) probability that the interaction would result in an adverse drug event (ADE); (iii) severity of typical and most serious ADEs; (iv) the likelihood that a clinician could act on the information; and (v) the overall value of the alert to the average primary care clinician. We then used multivariate regression techniques to examine the relationship between the alert acceptance rate and the expert panel's mean rating of each category.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decision of clinicians to accept drug interaction alerts increased (relative to a baseline alert acceptance rate of 8.8%) by 2.7% (95% CI 0.4, 5.1) for interactions that panelists judged would result in an ADE, by 2.3% (95% CI 0.9, 3.7) when primary care providers (PCPs) lacked prior knowledge about the information presented in the alert, and by 3.3% (95% CI 0.9, 5.8) when the PCP could readily act on the information provided in the alert.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The value of electronic drug interaction alerts is influenced heavily by clinicians' judgements about the clinical value of the alert. Expert judgement should be taken into account when developing electronic decision support.
authors.affiliation: Center for Patient Safety, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Saul N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Weingart
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Seger
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feola
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isaac
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000379:methods; D000555:Ambulatory Care Information Systems; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D006801:Humans; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States