title: Monitoring protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells by trans-SUMOylation.
abstract: Protein-protein interactions are essential for almost all cellular processes, hence understanding these processes mainly depends on the identification and characterization of the relevant protein-protein interactions. In the present paper, we introduce the concept of TRS (trans-SUMOylation), a new method developed to identify and verify protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells in vivo. TRS utilizes Ubc9-fusion proteins that trans-SUMOylate co-expressed interacting proteins. Using TRS, we analysed interactions of 65 protein pairs co-expressed in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. We identified seven new and confirmed 16 known protein interactions, which were determined via endogenous SUMOylation sites of the binding partners or by using SUMOylation-site tags respectively. Four of the new protein interactions were confirmed by GST (glutathione transferase) pull-down and the p38α-Edr2 interaction was verified by co-localization analysis. Functionally, this p38α-Edr2 interaction could possibly be involved in the recruitment of p38α to the polycomb chromatin-remodelling complex to phosphorylate Bmi1. We also used TRS to characterize protein-interaction domains of the protein kinase pairs p38α-MK2 [MK is MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-activated protein kinase] and ERK3 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 3)-MK5 and of the p38α-p53 complex. The ability of TRS to monitor protein interactions in mammalian cells in vivo at levels similar to endogenous expression makes it an excellent new tool that can help in defining the protein interactome of mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physiological Chemistry/Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Ratnesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Srivastav
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwede
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klaus
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwermann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaestel
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niedenthal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048053:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058207:Sumoylation; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D048053:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases