title: Correlations between the offensive subtype of social anxiety disorder and personality disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have revealed the possibility that the offensive subtype of social anxiety disorder (SAD) may no longer be a culture-bound syndrome; however, detailed clinical pictures have never been reported. This study investigated the differences between the offensive and non-offensive subtypes of SAD in terms of the background and axis I and II comorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 139 patients with SAD based on DSM-IV criteria were studied by conducting a semi-structured interview including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I and II disorders, and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two (37%) patients were classified with the offensive subtype. There were no significant differences in most demographic variables and axis I lifetime comorbidity between offensive and non-offensive subtype patients. On logistic regression analysis, offensive subtype patients showed a more frequent history of parental physical abuse, higher Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale scores, and more frequently exhibited obsessive--compulsive personality disorders than non-offensive subtype patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Yamashita (1977) reported that the majority of offensive subtype patients were doted on by their parents, although current offensive subtype patients are more likely to have had a troubled childhood, show severer forms of SAD, and more frequently exhibit an inflexible personality. This study suggested that the offensive subtype might not be essentially different from the non-offensive subtype (quantitative rather than qualitative).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. toshi@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiriike
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales