title: Gastrointestinal tolerability of diclofenac epolamine topical patch 1.3%: a pooled analysis of 14 clinical studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability profile of diclofenac epolamine topical patch 1.3% (DETP) during short-term treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen clinical trials of DETP were examined; 10 placebo-controlled studies were further integrated for analyses. All adverse event (AE) data were coded to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency of GI AEs was summarized by treatment, preferred term, sex, and age group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients reporting GI AEs were similar between patients treated with the DETP and placebo, with only 3 of the 10 placebo-controlled trials reporting events in >2% of patients; there was no significant difference between DETP and placebo for any preferred GI term. The most common GI AE reported for both treatment groups was nausea (1.5% DETP, 1.1% placebo). There was no significant difference between treatment groups and sex in the number of reported events and no noted difference between age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that DETP is a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is a well-tolerated treatment option, demonstrating a low incidence of GI AEs across 14 clinical trials, making it a possible alternative to short-term oral NSAIDs, which are commonly associated with GI complications.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Diagnostics and Pain Management, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pierchala
authors.forename: Jillmarie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yanchick
authors.forename: Merrell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magelli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D057968:Transdermal Patch
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C064142:diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine; D004008:Diclofenac