title: Triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a high triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio is associated with an increased incidence of retinopathy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 979) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate greater than 60 mL/min and without retinopathy and cardiovascular disease at baseline were followed up for the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (diagnosed by retinography) and CKD (diagnosed by estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). On follow-up (mean, 4.9 years), 217 (22.2% of total) subjects experienced CKD and/or diabetic-specific retinal lesions (microvascular complication). Of these, 111 subjects developed isolated retinopathy, 85 developed CKD alone, and 21 developed both complications. The TG/HDL-C ratio was positively associated with an increased risk of incident retinopathy and/or CKD (composite microvascular end point) independently of age, sex, body mass index, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A(1c), hypertension, smoking history, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albuminuria, and current use of hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, or antiplatelet drugs (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence intervals, 1.10-4.25; P = .04). These findings suggested that the TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with an increased incidence of microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus without prior cardiovascular disease, independently of several potential confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. giacomo.zoppini@univr.it
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stoico
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pichiri
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonora
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides