title: CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy: comparison of conventional CT fluoroscopy to CT fluoroscopy with electromagnetic navigation system in 60 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if use of an electromagnetic navigation system (EMN) decreases radiation dose and procedure time of CT fluoroscopy guided lung biopsy in lesions smaller than 2.5 cm.
  
  
  METHODS
  86 consecutive patients with small lung masses (<2.5 cm) were approached. 60 consented and were randomized to undergo biopsy with CT fluoroscopy (CTF) (34 patients) or EMN (26 patients). Technical failure required conversion to CTF in 8/26 EMN patients; 18 patients completed biopsy with EMN. Numerous biopsy parameters were compared as described below.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average fluoroscopy time using CTF was 28.2s compared to 35.0 s for EMN (p=0.1). Average radiation dose was 117 mGy using CTF and 123 mGy for EMN (p=0.7). Average number of needle repositions was 3.7 for CTF and 4.4 for EMN (p=0.4). Average procedure time was 15 min for CTF and 20 min for EMN (p=0.01). There were 7 pneumothoracesin the CTF group and 6 pneumothoraces in the EMN group (p=0.7). One pneumothorax in the CTF group and 3 pneumothoraces in the EMN group required chest tube placement (p=0.1). One pneumothorax patient in each group required hospital admission. Diagnostic specimens were obtained in 31/34 patients in the CTF group and 22/26 patients in the EMN group (p=0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMN was not statistically different than CTF for fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, number of needle repositions, incidence of pneumothorax, need for chest tube, or diagnostic yield. Procedure time was increased with EMN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States. dgrand@lifespan.org
authors.forename: David Justin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Grand
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cronan
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Mayo-Smith
authors.forename: Damian E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Dupuy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005260:Female; D057918:Fiducial Markers; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*