title: Nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust affects hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and NMDA receptor subunit expression in female mice.
abstract: We investigated the effect of exposure to nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust (NRDE) on hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory function-related gene expressions in female mice. Female BALB/c mice were exposed to clean air, middle-dose NRDE (M-NRDE), high-dose NRDE (H-NRDE) or filtered diesel exhaust (F-DE) for three months. A Morris water maze apparatus was used to examine spatial learning. The expression levels of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit, proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophin mRNAs in the hippocampus were then investigated using real-time RT-PCR. Mice exposed to H-NRDE required a longer time to reach the hidden platform and showed higher mRNA expression levels of the NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, the proinflammatory cytokine CCL3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, compared with the findings in the control group. These results indicate that three months of exposure to NRDE affected spatial learning and memory function-related gene expressions in the female mouse hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Risk Research , National Institute for Environmental Studies , 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. tin.tin.win.shwe@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: Tin-Tin
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Win-Shwe
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujitani
authors.forename: Seishiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C496534:Ccl3 protein, mouse; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; C492004:Creb1 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; C517685:Camk4 protein, mouse