title: Vaginal support as determined by levator ani defect status 6 weeks after primary surgery for pelvic organ prolapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether major levator ani muscle defects were associated with differences in postoperative vaginal support after primary surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of a subgroup of patients in the Organ Prolapse and Levator (OPAL) study. Of the 247 women recruited into OPAL, 107 underwent surgery for prolapse and were the cohort for the present analysis. Major levator ani defects were diagnosed when more than 50% of the pubovisceral muscle was missing on MRI. Postoperative vaginal support was assessed via POP-quantification system. Postoperative anatomic outcome was analyzed according to levator ani defect status, as determined by MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Support of the anterior vaginal wall 2 cm above the hymen occurred among 62% of women with normal levator ani muscles/minor defects and 35% of those with major defects. Support of the anterior wall 1cm above the hymen occurred among 32% women with normal muscles /minor defects and 59% of those with major defects. Levator ani defects were not associated with differences in postoperative apical/posterior vaginal support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six weeks after primary surgery for prolapse, women with normal levator ani muscles/minor defects had better anterior vaginal support than those with major levator defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA. morgand@umich.edu
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Kindra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lewicky-Gaupp
authors.forename: Dee E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fenner
authors.forename: John O L
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: DeLancey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000503:physiopathology*