title: Lead levels in new residential enamel paints in Taipei, Taiwan and comparison with those in mainland China.
abstract: Five brands of new enamel household paints from Taiwan were analyzed: two multi-nationals and three local. The median lead concentration of 2574 parts per million (ppm) dry weight was more than 30 times the current US standard of 90ppm for new paints and was more than 4 times the former standard of 600ppm. Lead levels ranged from below detection (4.5ppm) to 158,000ppm. Lead concentrations varied significantly by color of paint and paint brand but not by price per liter. Fifty-six percent of Taiwan paints had lead levels above the 90ppm US limit. One of the multi-national brands and two of the local brands had high levels of lead with the averages ranging from 12,890 to 53,640ppm. Concentrations were less than 90ppm in each of the samples from the other two brands. One of the two multi-national paint brands was imported as the house brand for its big box store in Taipei and had lead levels above 600ppm in four of five samples. Comparison of the lead concentrations of paints from Taiwan with those that we previously analyzed from mainland China revealed higher levels in Taiwan where the median level was 2574ppm compared to 46ppm in mainland China.
authors.affiliation: National Taiwan University, College of Public Health, R736m Bi, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.forename: C Scott
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Sandy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Roda
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Menrath
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Succop
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D006798:Housing; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D007854:Lead