title: Pulmonary disorders in athletes.
abstract: Exercise is rarely limited by pulmonary causes in normal individuals. Cardiac output and peripheral muscle disease are usually the limiting factors. Although minute ventilation rises steeply during exercise, normal individuals maintain a substantial breathing reserve. Exercise in patients, however, can be limited by pulmonary disorders. Acute pulmonary causes (exercise-induced bronchospasm, vocal cord dysfunction, exercise-induced anaphylaxis, and exercise-induced urticaria) or chronic disorders (obstructive and restrictive lung disorders) reduce exercise tolerance. Exercise testing has proved the mainstay for diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800546, Charlottesville, VA 22903-0546, USA. Mmw4d@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Max M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weder
authors.forename: Jonathon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Truwit
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D056352:Athletes; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology