title: Decreased expression of surfactant protein D mRNA in human lungs in fatal cases of H5N1 avian influenza.
abstract: Microarray analysis of gene expression profile of lungs from two fatal H5N1 influenza cases identified 3,435 genes with higher than twofold changes in mRNA levels as compared to those of normal lung. One thousand nineteen genes and 2,416 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated commonly, respectively. Gene ontology analysis identified several ontology terms with significant association with these genes, most of which are related to cellular metabolism and regulation of cellular process including apoptosis and chemotaxis. Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) was found to be down-regulated. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the levels of SP-D mRNA in the lungs infected with H5N1 to be lower than those of normal lungs and lungs from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. SP-D plays multiple roles in respiratory innate defense against various pathogens, regulation of inflammatory responses, and maintenance of alveolar integrity. Reduction of SP-D in H5N1 influenza may play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Alita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kongchanagul
authors.forename: Ornpreya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suptawiwat
authors.forename: Chompunuch
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boonarkart
authors.forename: Rungrueng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitphati
authors.forename: Pilaipan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puthavathana
authors.forename: Mongkol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uiprasertkul
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auewarakul
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D012333:RNA, Messenger