title: Exposure control strategies in the carbonaceous nanomaterial industry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about exposure control strategies currently being implemented to minimize exposures during the production or use of nanomaterials in the United States. Our goal was to estimate types and quantities of materials used and factors related to workplace exposure reductions among companies manufacturing or using engineered carbonaceous nanomaterials (ECNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was collected through phone surveys on work practices and exposure control strategies from 30 participating producers and users of ECN. The participants were classified into three groups for further examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report here the use of exposure control strategies. Observed patterns suggest that large-scale manufacturers report greater use of nanospecific exposure control strategies particularly for respiratory protection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workplaces producing or using ECN generally report using engineering and administrative controls as well as personal protective equipment to control workplace employee exposure.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. mdahm@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dahm
authors.forename: Marianne S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yencken
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schubauer-Berigan
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000458:organization & administration; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012134:Respiratory Protective Devices; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon