title: Pulsed magnetic stimulation with a high-frequency continuous magnetic stimulator (SMN-X) does not exert an adverse effect on genital organs and the estrous cycle in female Iar:Wistar-Imamichi rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To histopathologically verify whether high-frequency continuous stimulation exerts adverse effects on genital organs (uterus and ovaries) and the estrous cycle in rats through comparison of 3 groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The device studied was a high-frequency continuous magnetic stimulator (SMN-X, Nihon Kohden, Tokyo). Thirteen female Iar:Wistar-Imamichi rats (SPF) were randomly divided into 3 groups: active treatment (MS) group (n = 7), sham treatment group, where rats were placed on a table 1  m away from the stimulator so that they could hear the sounds of the stimulator (n = 3) and control (no treatment) group (n = 3). The MS group underwent thirty-six 25-minute sessions of pulsed magnetic stimulation at the maximum output level (560  mT peak) (once/day, 5 days/week). At the end of the study period, the uterus and ovaries were removed for histological examinations. Estradiol and progesterone levels were assayed and the estrous cycle, bodyweight gain and daily behaviors were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From results of histopathology and endocrinology, assays of the estrous cycle, and recordings of bodyweight gain and organ weight, no adverse effects of long-term pulsed magnetic stimulation were noted. There were no significant intergroup differences with regard to any item evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the study setting, SMN-X did not exert any adverse effect on the uterus, ovaries, estrous cycle and hormone levels as well as blood cell counts, bodyweight gain and daily behavior in female SPF rats. The present results may be a step forward in the discussion of the safety of SMN-X for clinical use in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinoda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001835:Body Weight; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D030762:Estrous Cycle; D005260:Female; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009929:Organ Size; D010053:Ovary / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol