title: Moderate strontium loading induces rickets in rats with mild chronic renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal osteodystrophy and eventually osteoporosis are serious long-term complications in children with end-stage renal disease before and after renal transplantation. Strontium (Sr) salts are used for treatment of osteoporosis in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the time-dependent effects of Sr on growth plate morphology and their reversibility, chronic renal failure (CRF) rats received either normal or Sr-loaded drinking water (2 g/l; ±200 mg/kg/day) for periods of 2, 6 and 12 weeks with or without subsequent washout periods of 0, 2, 4 or 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While weight gain was not affected by Sr loading, a significant enlargement of the entire growth plate, mainly due to expansion of the hypertrophic zone, was already present after 2 weeks. Sr-loaded animals showed increased osteoid areas and reduced bone formation rates at 2, 6 and 12 weeks compared to controls. This was accompanied by reduced PTH levels and increased serum bone alkaline phosphatase activity. After the washout periods these effects were reversed. In general, the height of the hypertrophic zone was positively correlated with osteoid area and negatively correlated with bone formation rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate Sr loading in CRF rats results in rapid development of rickets, which is reversible after washout.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany. fischer.dagmar-christiane@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Dagmar-Christiane
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahn
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salewski
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kundt
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: D'Haese
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Geert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Behets
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013324:Strontium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013324:Strontium