title: Determination of mRNA expression of DMRT93B, vitellogenin, and cuticle 12 in Daphnia magna and their biomarker potential for endocrine disruption.
abstract: We explored the use of molecular genetic biomarkers for endocrine disruption in Daphnia magna after the exposure to fenoxycarb (FOC), a model juvenile hormone analog. For this purpose, the mRNA expression patterns of DMRT93B (DMRT, sex determination), cuticle 12 (CUT, molting), and vitellogenin (VTG, embryo development) were determined in D. magna. Furthermore, these results were compared with developmental abnormality and reproduction performance. The fold changes of CUT and VTG mRNA expression showed significant dose-response relationship with FOC exposure. Relative mRNA expressions of DMRT and CUT showed notable changes at as low as 1 ng/l FOC. After chronic exposure FOC significantly delayed the first day of reproduction and decreased the number of young and growth rate even at 10 ng/l FOC. A concentration-dependant trend in reproduction effect was also observed. Developmental abnormality such as poorly developed second antennae and curved or unextended shell spines were observed. These results suggest that the three mRNAs, i.e., DMRT, CUT, and VTG can be used as biomarkers of endocrine disrupting effects in D. magna.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jungkon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Younghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sangwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Wook-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D015415:Biomarkers; D052284:Clutch Size; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000633:toxicity; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000633:toxicity*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C052034:fenoxycarb