title: Multiplanar phalangeal and metatarsal osteotomies for hallux rigidus.
abstract: Many articles have been published on the various treatments of hallux rigidus/limitus but few, if any, have focused solely on the osteotomies performed in the treatment of this disorder and provided a thorough review of the literature and critique of the procedures. Here, we describe the most commonly used, most widely accepted, and most effective osteotomies in the treatment of hallux limitus/rigidus. Along with this discussion are figures and tables to make the information accessible and user friendly. Among the procedures discussed are Keller arthroplasty, Keller interpositional arthroplasty, Bonney-Kessel, Mayo-Stone, Regnauld, Youngswick, Watermann, Watermann-Green, tricorrectional metatarsal osteotomy, sagittal V, LADO (long-arm decompression osteotomy), Drago, Lambrinudi (plantarflexory closing base wedge osteotomy), sagittal Scarf/sagittal Z, and Weil/Mau/distal oblique osteotomy.
authors.affiliation: Foot and Ankle Residency Program, Cleveland Clinic/Kaiser Permanente, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195-0002, USA.
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D020857:Hallux Limitus / Q000601:surgery*; D020859:Hallux Rigidus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*