title: Negative emotion impacts memory for verbal discourse in pediatric bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive and emotional deficits have been documented in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD); however, to date, a systematic evaluation of comprehension and memory for verbally presented information has not been conducted. The effect of emotion on comprehension and memory for verbally presented material also has not been examined. We examined whether youth with PBD have difficulty recalling the big picture (macrostructure) as well as the story details (microstructure).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 youth with PBD and 25 healthy controls completed an Affective Story Task. A psychological processing model allowed for the examination of both the macrostructure and microstructure of language comprehension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Youth with PBD were capable of comprehending the gist of the stories and were not impaired by emotion when comprehending and remembering macrostructure. However, negative emotional material was found to proactively interfere with the encoding and recall of microstructure. Level of depression appeared to impact recall of microstructure, but not macrostructure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Negatively valenced material may impair subsequent comprehension and memory for details among youth with PBD. This deficit could impact the daily functioning of these youth, as the perception of negative affect may derail aspects of successful comprehension and learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Mani N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pavuluri
authors.forename: Lindsay S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Schenkel
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Khushbu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Deepthi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vemuri
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whited
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D014706:Verbal Learning