title: Tumor satellite in predicting occult nodal metastasis of tongue cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tongue cancer is well known to have a high potential for locoregional metastasis. However, controversy about electively treating the neck in early-stage tongue cancer remains. Although many risk factors related to cervical occult nodal metastasis (ONM) have been investigated, the ability of the tumor to spread, a phenomenon that results from the intrinsic property of the tumor and its interaction with the surrounding environment, has seldom been addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series with chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral hospital of university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 71 eligible enrolled patients, ONM was detected in 19 (27%) patients, while the results were negative (ONM(-)) in 52 (73%) patients. The average tumor satellite distance (TSD) in the ONM(+) group was 4.1 ± 4.3 mm, in contrast to that in the ONM(-) group (1.0 ± 1.5 mm; P < .001). When stratified by increased TSD values, the significance of the difference between the 2 groups increased. For clinical applications, the optimal TSD threshold for determining the ONM probability was 3.5 mm. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that TSD was an independent prognosticator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that TSD is a feasible pathological parameter that is useful for determining the status of cervical nodal metastasis. It can be used as an indicator of potential cervical subclinical disease and as a guideline for deciding the necessity and modality of neck treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. yangtl@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Tsung-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pei-Jen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Yih-Leong
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chen-Tu
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jenq-Yuh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012372:ROC Curve; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult