title: Designing the next generation of vaccines for global public health.
abstract: Vaccine research and development are experiencing a renaissance of interest from the global scientific community. There are four major reasons for this: (1) the lack of efficacious treatment for many devastating infections; (2) the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria; (3) the need for improving the safety of the more traditional licensed vaccines; and finally, (4) the great promise for innovative vaccine design and research with convergence of omics sciences, such as genomics, proteomics, immunomics, and vaccinology. Our first project based on omics was initiated in 2000 and was termed reverse vaccinology. At that time, antigen identification was mainly based on bioinformatic analysis of a singular genome. Since then, omics-guided approaches have been applied to its full potential in several proof-of-concept studies in the industry, with the first reverse vaccinology-derived vaccine now in late stage clinical trials and several vaccines developed by omics in preclinical studies. In the meantime, vaccine discovery and development has been further improved with the support of proteomics, functional genomics, comparative genomics, structural biology, and most recently vaccinomics. We illustrate in this review how omics biotechnologies and integrative biology are expected to accelerate the identification of vaccine candidates against difficult pathogens for which traditional vaccine development has thus far been failing, and how research will provide safer vaccines and improved formulations for immunocompromised patients in the near future. Finally, we present a discussion to situate omics-guided rational vaccine design in the broader context of global public health and how it can benefit citizens in both developed and developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Siena, Italy. fabio.bagnoli@novartis.com
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baudner
authors.forename: Ravi P N
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartolini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fiaschi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariotti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nardi-Dei
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Rino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rappuoli
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D023281:Genomics; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D040901:Proteomics; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D014612:Vaccines