title: The humoral immune response to the inactivated influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the antibody response to a single-dose adjuvanted, inactivated, pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes and assessed factors associated with the failure to induce antibody responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients with Type 2 diabetes were vaccinated and antibody responses were determined with haemagglutination inhibition assay and anti-haemagglutinin antibody ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 70 antibody-negative patients at baseline, 34 (48.6%) achieved seroconversion; 28 (60.9%) in the young adults group and six (25%) in the elderly group acquired H1N1-specific antibodies. Patients in the older age range or with longer duration of diabetes had a lower seroconversion rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show low cross-reactive antibody carrying rate and low seroconversion rate in patients with diabetes. Until larger-scale, case-controlled trials become available, older patients and patients with a longer duration of diabetes should be considered for the two-dose vaccination or have antibody titres measured after the first vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines