title: Flow cytometric assessment of fresh and frozen-thawed Canada goose (Branta canadensis) semen.
abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate spermatozoal membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and chromatin structure in fresh and frozen-thawed Canada goose (Branta canadensis) semen with the use of the flow cytometry. The experiment was carried out on ten, 2-year-old, Canada goose ganders. The semen was collected twice a week, by a dorso-abdominal massage method, then pooled and subjected to cryopreservation in straws, in a programmable freezing unit with the use of dimethyloformamide (DMF) as a cryoprotectant. Frozen samples were thawed in a water bath at 60 °C. The freezing procedure was performed ten times. For the cytometric analysis the fresh and the frozen-thawed semen was extended with EK extender to a final concentration of 50 million spermatozoa per mL. Sperm membrane integrity was assessed with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI), acrosomal damage was evaluated with the use of PNA-Alexa Fluor®488 conjugate, mitochondrial activity was estimated with Rhodamine 123 (R123), and spermatozoal DNA integrity was measured by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The cryopreservation of Canada goose semen significantly decreased the percentage of live cells, from 76.3 to 50.4% (P < 0.01). Moreover, we observed the significant decrease in the percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes (P < 0.01), but we did not detect significant changes in the percentage of live spermatozoa with ruptured acrosomes. However, after thawing 50% of Canada goose live spermatozoa retained intact acrosomes. Furthermore, the percentage of live spermatozoa with active mitochondria was significantly lower in the frozen-thawed semen than in the fresh semen (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, after thawing the mitochondria remained active in almost 50% of live cells. In the present study, we observed no changes in the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA after freezing-thawing of Canada goose semen. In conclusion, the present study indicates that even the fresh Branta canadensis semen might have poor quality, the cryopreservation of its semen did not provoke spermatozoal DNA defragmentation and half of the spermatozoa retained intact acrosomes and active mitochondria after freezing-thawing.
authors.affiliation: Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wrocław, Poland. partykaagnieszka@gmail.com
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Partyka
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Łukaszewicz
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niżański
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004126:Dimethylformamide; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005777:Geese; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004126:Dimethylformamide