title: Thyroid hormone disrupting activities associated with phthalate esters in water sources from Yangtze River Delta.
abstract: Thyroid hormone disrupting compounds in water sources is a concern. Thyroid hormone (TH) agonist and antagonist activities of water sources from the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and ground water in the Yangtze River Delta region were evaluated by use of a TH reporter gene assay based on the green monkey kidney fibroblast (CV-1). While weak TH receptor (TR) agonist potency was observed in only one of 15 water sources, antagonist potency was present in most of the water sources. TR antagonist equivalents could be explained by the presence of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), with concentrations ranging from 2.8×10(1) to 1.6×10(3) μg DBP /L (ATR-EQ(50)s). None of the ground waters exhibited TH agonist potencies while all of the samples from Taihu Lake displayed notable TR antagonist potencies. To identify the responsible thyroid active compounds, instrumental analysis was conducted to measure a list of potential thyroid-disrupting chemicals, including organochlorine (OC) pesticides and phthalate esters. Combining the results of the instrumental analysis with those of the bioassay, DBP was determined to account for 17% to 144% of ATR-EQ(50)s in water sources. Furthermore, ATR-EQ(20-80) ranges for TR antagonist activities indicated that samples from locations WX-1 and WX-2 posed the greatest health concern and the associated uncertainty may warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Feng-Xian
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guan-Jiu
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ying-Qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xin-Ru
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.forename: Hong-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002460:Cell Line; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010575:Pesticides; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical