title: Estimation of cancer cases and deaths attributable to infection in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The burden of cancer attributable to infection in China has not been systematically quantified in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the findings of systematic review of prevalence of infectious agents and their relative risks (RRs) of specific cancers, a standard approach was applied to estimate the population proportions of cancers attributed to specific infectious agents in China (attributable fractions, AFs). Together with information from the latest national mortality survey and cancer registries in China, the overall and detailed numbers of cancer cases and deaths caused by infection were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 668,763 cancer cases and 526,567 cancer deaths were attributed to infections in China in 2005, which accounted for 25.9 and 29.4% of the overall cancer cases and deaths of the local population, respectively. More infection-related cancers in men (of ~30%) were found compared to that in women (of 25.3% cases and 21.8% deaths).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infectious agents contributed more than one-quarter of the overall cancer number among population in China; further persistently effective vaccination and screening interventions and other preventive efforts against relevant infections should be initiated and strengthened.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 South Panjiayuan Lane, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Ju-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Bing
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wen-Qiang
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Fang-Hui
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: You-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*