title: PEA3/ETV4-related transcription factors coupled with active ERK signalling are associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcription factors often play important roles in tumourigenesis. Members of the PEA3 subfamily of ETS-domain transcription factors fulfil such a role and have been associated with tumour metastasis in several different cancers. Moreover, the activity of the PEA3 subfamily transcription factors is potentiated by Ras-ERK pathway signalling, which is itself often deregulated in tumour cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical patterns of PEA3 expression and active ERK signalling were analysed and mRNA expression levels of PEA3, ER81, MMP-1 and MMP-7 were determined in gastric adenocarcinoma samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we have studied the expression of the PEA3 subfamily members PEA3/ETV4 and ER81/ETV1 in gastric adenocarcinomas. PEA3 is upregulated at the protein level in gastric adenocarcinomas and both PEA3/ETV4 and ER81/ETV1 are upregulated at the mRNA level in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. This increased expression correlates with the expression of a target gene associated with metastasis, MMP-1. Enhanced ERK signalling is also more prevalent in late-stage gastric adenocarcinomas, and the co-association of ERK signalling and PEA3 expression also occurs in late-stage gastric adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, the co-association of ERK signalling and PEA3 expression correlates with decreased survival rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that members of the PEA3 subfamily of transcription factors are upregulated in gastric adenocarcinomas and that the simultaneous upregulation of PEA3 expression and ERK pathway signalling is indicative of late-stage disease and a poor survival prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keld
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gulmann
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sharrocks
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C095239:ETV1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C065788:transcription factor PEA3; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1