title: Physician over-recommendation of mammography for terminally ill women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been recent, sometimes intense, debate about when to begin screening and how often to screen women for breast cancer with mammography. However, there should be no controversy regarding screening women who are unlikely to benefit from the procedure, such as those with a serious, life-limiting illness who would not live long enough to benefit from the potential detection and treatment of breast cancer. Identifying characteristics of physicians who recommend mammography for terminally ill women can help guide efforts to minimize patient risks and make better use of health care resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used data from a nationally representative survey of primary care physicians (PCPs) (N = 1196; response rate, 67.5%) conducted in 2006 and 2007 to examine PCPs' breast cancer screening recommendations for hypothetical patients ages 50 years, 65 years, and 80 years who were healthy, had a moderate comorbidity, or had a terminal comorbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many PCPs (47.7%) reported that they would recommend mammography to a woman aged 50 years, 65 years, or 80 years with terminal lung cancer, indicating over-recommendation. Physician characteristics associated with over-recommending mammography included obstetrician/gynecologist (odds ratio [OR], 1.69) or internal medicine (OR, 0.45) specialty, being a woman (OR, 1.40), being a racial/ethnic minority (OR, 1.72), and working in a smaller practice (OR, 1.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results indicated that physician over-recommendation of screening mammography among terminally ill women is common. Certain physician and practice characteristics, including specialty, were associated with over-recommending mammography. The authors concluded that an informed and shared mammography decision-making process for terminally ill women may eliminate unnecessary patient risks and health care expenditures.
authors.affiliation: Office of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. corinne.leach@cancer.org
authors.forename: Corinne R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Carrie N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Klabunde
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Alfano
authors.forename: Judith Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Julia H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rowland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015897:Comorbidity; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D019452:Terminally Ill