title: Live case demonstrations: attitudes and ethical implications for practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Live case demonstrations (LCDs) are now prevalent in medical education courses despite ethical concerns including that they may expose patients to undue risk. However, there are limited data regarding many aspects of LCDs to help inform policies and guidelines regarding them.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an Internet-based survey of clinicians who have served as faculty or attended the 2009 and 2010 professional meetings sponsored by VIVA (Vascular Interventional Advances).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 106 VIVA 2009 respondents and 165 VIVA 2010 respondents. Observing an LCD was more valuable than watching a prerecorded video for most (70% in 2009; 82% in 2010) respondents. About one-third of respondents thought that LCD patients are exposed to more risk than non-LCD patients. Respondents who had been operators were more likely to agree that LCD patients are exposed to more risk (p = 0.001 in 2009; p = 0.022 in 2010). Approximately one-third of respondents in 2009 and one-half in 2010 thought that patients experience direct medical benefit in an LCD. The majority (71% in 2009; 76% in 2010) indicated that they would support the decision of a family member or friend to be an LCD patient, few (44% in 2009; 58% in 2010) indicated that they personally would agree to be an LCD patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey provides new insights into the value and risk of LCDs. Obtaining the perspective of patients would be extremely valuable in helping to ensure that the ethical aspects of LCDs are addressed properly and thoroughly.
authors.affiliation: Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jsugarman@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugarman
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jaff
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000941:ethics* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014741:Video Recording / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards