title: Self-expandable metal stents for malignant distal biliary strictures.
abstract: Obstructive jaundice can result from benign or malignant etiologies. The common benign conditions include primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis, and gallstones. Malignant biliary obstruction can be caused by direct tumor infiltration, extrinsic compression by enlarged lymph nodes or malignant lesions, adjacent inflammation, desmoplastic reaction from a tumor, or a combination of these factors. Malignant diseases causing biliary obstruction include pancreatic cancer, ampullary cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic diseases. This article focuses on malignant distal biliary obstruction and its management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1466, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. jefflee@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008670:Metals; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D008670:Metals