title: Dissociable contributions by prefrontal D1 and D2 receptors to risk-based decision making.
abstract: Choices between certain and uncertain rewards of different magnitudes have been proposed to be mediated by both the frontal lobes and the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system. In rats, systemic manipulations of DA activity or inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) disrupt decision making about risks and rewards. However, it is unclear how PFC DA transmission contributes to these processes. We addressed this issue by examining the effects of pharmacological manipulations of D(1) and D(2) receptors in the medial (prelimbic) PFC on choice between small, certain and large, yet probabilistic rewards. Rats were trained on a probabilistic discounting task where one lever delivered one pellet with 100% probability, and the other delivered four pellets, but the probability of receiving reward decreased across blocks of trials (100, 50, 25, 12.5%). D(1) blockade (SCH23390) in the medial PFC decreased preference for the large/risky option. In contrast, D(2) blockade (eticlopride) reduced probabilistic discounting and increased risky choice. The D(1) agonist SKF81297 caused a slight, nonsignificant increase in preference for the large/risky lever. However, D(2) receptor stimulation (quinpirole) induced a true impairment in decision making, flattening the discounting curve and biasing choice away from or toward the risky option when it was more or less advantageous, respectively. These findings suggest that PFC D(1) and D(2) receptors make dissociable, yet complementary, contributions to risk/reward judgments. By striking a fine balance between D(1)/D(2) receptor activity, DA may help refine these judgments, promoting either exploitation of current favorable circumstances or exploration of more profitable ones when conditions change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: St Onge
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abhari
authors.forename: Stan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Floresco
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003657:Decision Making / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011337:Probability Learning; D019257:Quinpirole / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000502:physiology*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012457:Salicylamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C534628:SCH 23390; D012457:Salicylamides; D019257:Quinpirole; C067113:SK&F 81297; C045989:eticlopride