title: Proteins in leaked amniotic fluid as biomarkers diagnostic for prelabor rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early diagnosis of prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) is essential to protect mother and fetus from intra-uterus infection and preterm birth. A simple and rapid bedside test would help clinicians confirm the diagnosis for early treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A protein array was used to screen cervical-vaginal fluid (CVF) and amniotic fluid (AF) samples collected from normal and PROM pregnant women. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify two novel and potentially useful analytes, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (Axl).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of sICAM-1 and Axl was 85 and 482 times higher separately in 30 healthy AF samples than in 110 CVF samples of normal pregnancies. Comparing 110 CVF samples of PROM/Preterm PROM with 110 CVF samples of normal pregnancies, the diagnostic value for PROM was demonstrated by their high sensitivity and specificity (96.4 and 92.7%, respectively, for sICAM-1, and 92.4 and 90.4%, respectively, for Axl).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that sICAM-1 and Axl in AF leaked to vagina are sensitive and specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of PROM. Furthermore, sICAM-1 or Axl can be developed into a rapid strip test for bedside use.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P R China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang ping
authors.initials: Cp
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Huaizhong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry; D000094963:Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000094963:Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; C000722289:AXL protein, human