title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of amoxicillin in bovine muscle.
abstract: A simple, quick and economical liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin in bovine muscle was developed and validated. The sample preparation procedure involved a liquid extraction with water, followed by a protein precipitation step with acetonitrile. The extract was purified by a liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane and the upper aqueous layer was directly injected into the LC-MS/MS system. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed phase column, using a mixture of acetonitrile, water and 0.005% formic acid in water as mobile phase. Gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min⁻¹. Amoxicillin was detected using positive electrospray ionization in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode and was quantified using terbutaline as internal standard. The responses for standards prepared in solvent and in matrix were equivalent and additionally the absence of signal suppression was confirmed by the post column infusion technique. Amoxicillin stability in standard solution and in matrix was investigated at different times and storage conditions. Amoxicillin standards prepared in water were stable on storage up to 20 days at -20°C. Amoxicillin stability in matrix (spiked bovine muscle samples) was assessed up to 15 days at -20°C. The method was validated according to the parameters requested by European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC in terms of specificity, linearity, trueness, precision, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ). All the trueness values fell within a range between 14.5% and 6.3%. Precision values for all levels of concentration tested were lower than the relative limit calculated by the Horwitz equation. The amoxicillin MRL is set at 50 μg kg⁻¹ and the CCα and CCβ of the method were 61.2 μg kg⁻¹ and 72.4 μg kg⁻¹, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna - Via Tolara di Sopra, 50 I 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lugoboni
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gazzotti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zironi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbarossa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagliuca
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000032:analysis*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D004355:Drug Stability; D016014:Linear Models; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000658:Amoxicillin