title: Supplementation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose into yeast leavened all-whole grain barley bread potentiates cholesterol-lowering effect.
abstract: We investigated in Syrian Golden hamsters the biological impact and its underlying mechanism of single whole grain breads supplemented with 2-3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a semisynthetic viscous soluble dietary fiber (SDF) as a substitute for gluten. Hamsters were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 48-65% (w/w) differently ground, freeze-dried single grain breads including whole grain wheat, barley, barley supplemented with HPMC, debranned oat, and oat supplemented with HPMC which were compared to a diet containing microcrystalline cellulose (control). All single grain breads significantly lowered plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations compared to the control. Enrichment with HPMC further lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. Despite the reduced molecular weight of naturally occurring soluble (1--->3),(1--->4)-β-d-glucan (β-glucan) caused by the bread-making process, whole grain barley breads downregulated hepatic expression of CYP7A1 and HMG-CoAR genes that are responsible for bile acid and cholesterol synthesis, suggesting a possible role of bioactive compounds such as short-chain fatty acids and phenolic compounds from barley bread. Barley bread enriched with HPMC downregulated expression of ABCG5 gene. Taken together, it appears that distinctive modulation of synthesis and excretion of hepatic cholesterol and bile acid contributes to the cholesterol-lowering properties of whole grain barley breads and breads enriched with HPMC. These data suggests that alternative whole grain breads supplemented with HPMC may provide consumers with a staple food that can assist in cholesterol management.
authors.affiliation: Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA. hyskim@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Hyunsook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turowski
authors.forename: W H Kerr
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Yookyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005503:Food Additives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D023421:Models, Animal; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005503:Food Additives; D047071:beta-Glucans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose; D002784:Cholesterol; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase