title: A systematic approach to development of liquid chromatographic impurity methods for pharmaceutical analysis.
abstract: A strategy for developing chromatographic methods designed to determine impurities and degradation products in active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products is presented. Selectivity is achieved by evaluating a chromatographic space comprised of 12 stationary/mobile phase combinations. Stationary phases predicted to be orthogonal based on their hydrophobic subtraction model parameters used. The particle sizes, column dimensions, and gradient times chosen provide high peak capacities and allow operation at backpressures that can be achieved with standard instrumentation. The mobile phases utilized are compatible with MS detection and cover a wide range of pH, solvent strength, and solvent selectivity. Analyte detection is accomplished using a combination of diode array and mass spectroscopic detectors which allow mixtures of project compounds to be injected and selectively detected. Automation of data acquisition and processing is accomplished using AutoChrom software from ACD\Labs. The strategy is illustrated with detailed data from two case studies and summary data from nineteen pharmaceutical projects.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Todd D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cintron
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Castle
mesh_terms: D057205:Automation, Laboratory; D002021:Buffers; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D012984:Software; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012997:Solvents