title: Videofluorographic evaluation of dysphagia before and after modification of the flap and scar in patients with oral cancer.
abstract: Dysphagia is an important postoperative problem in patients with oral cancer. We evaluated the usefulness of a technique to modify the flap and scar for the alleviation of swallowing disorders. The modifications were made while tongue pressure was being measured to improve excursion of the residual tongue in nine patients. They had been operated on for oral cancer and reconstruction was with a forearm free flap, or the wound was closed primarily. After a 5 ml bolus of liquid barium had been given orally, lingual movement, barium inflow into the pharynx before swallowing, stasis in the epiglottic valleculae, and stasis in the oral cavity after swallowing, were evaluated by videofluorography before and after modification. Oral transit time, pharyngeal transit time, and total transit time were also measured. Lingual movement improved in eight patients. Barium inflow into the pharynx before swallowing improved slightly in all patients. Stasis in the epiglottic valleculae was improved in six patients. Stasis in the oral cavity improved in all patients. Oral transit time and total transit time were significantly shorter after modification of the flap and scar than before operation. Pharyngeal transit time was unchanged. We conclude that our technique for modification of the flap and scar can alleviate postoperative swallowing dysfunction in patients with oral cancer.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan. namaki@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namaki
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yaeko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hiderou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonhehara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010779:Photofluorography; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014743:Videotape Recording