title: Cosmetic procedures in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cosmetic procedures are being performed with increased frequency in the United States and worldwide. Many of these procedures are being performed on children for aesthetic reasons and for the management of dermatological conditions such as psoriasis and vitiligo. This review serves as an overview of selected cosmetic procedures with pediatric applications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent developments in laser technology have improved our ability to treat a large number of pediatric cutaneous disorders. The vast majority of these technologies were first developed for aesthetic dermatology in adults. Collagen-stimulatory agents such as poly-L-lactic acid were first approved for lipoatrophy associated with human immunodeficiency virus. Poly-L-lactic acid and dermal fillers have potential therapeutic applications in children with atrophic disorders such as lipoatrophy and morphea. Injection of botulinum toxin is very successful in the treatment of hyperhidrosis in adults and can be utilized to improve quality of life in children with hyperhidrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The field of cosmetic dermatology is evolving quickly, with limited safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric age group. Children may benefit from thoughtful application of these technologies.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Skin Health, Dover, New Hampshire, USA. jdinulos@gmail.com
authors.forename: James G H
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dinulos
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006204:Hair Removal / Q000379:methods; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000601:surgery; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A