title: High temperature triggers the metabolism of S-nitrosothiols in sunflower mediating a process of nitrosative stress which provokes the inhibition of ferredoxin-NADP reductase by tyrosine nitration.
abstract: High temperature (HT) is considered a major abiotic stress that negatively affects both vegetative and reproductive growth. Whereas the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is well established under HT, less is known about the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings exposed to HT, NO content as well as S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and expression were down-regulated with the simultaneous accumulation of total S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) including S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). However, the content of tyrosine nitration (NO(2) -Tyr) studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and by confocal laser scanning microscope was induced. Nitroproteome analysis under HT showed that this stress induced the protein expression of 13 tyrosine-nitrated proteins. Among the induced proteins, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR) was selected to evaluate the effect of nitration on its activity after heat stress and in vitro conditions using 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) (peroxynitrite donor) as the nitrating agent, the FNR activity being inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that HT augments SNOs, which appear to mediate protein tyrosine nitration, inhibiting FNR, which is involved in the photosynthesis process.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaki
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ocaña
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Gómez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Jaramillo
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Begara-Morales
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Calvo
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leterrier
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Corpas
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006368:Helianthus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D018546:Hypocotyl / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D050901:Nitrate Reductase; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D015538:Nitrosation; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D040901:Proteomics; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D013481:Superoxides; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C087006:formaldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione-independent; D050901:Nitrate Reductase