title: Comparing measles with previous eradication programs: enabling and constraining factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Five major disease eradication initiatives were initiated during the second half of the 20th century. The enabling and constraining factors-political, social, economic, and other-for these previous and current eradication programs can inform decision making regarding a proposed measles eradication initiative.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature on the yaws, malaria, smallpox, guinea worm, and polio eradication programs and compared enabling and constraining factors for each of these programs with the same factors as they relate to a possible measles eradication initiative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A potential measles eradication program would enjoy distinct advantages in comparison with earlier eradication programs, including strong political and societal support, economic analyses demonstrating a high level of cost-effectiveness, and a rigorous upfront process, compared with previous eradication initiatives, that has validated the feasibility of achieving measles eradication. However, increasing population density, urbanization, and wars/civil conflicts will pose serious challenges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measles eradication will be very challenging but probably not as difficult to achieve as polio eradication. Measles eradication should be undertaken only if the commitments and resources will be adequate to meet the political, social, economic, and technical challenges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: Alya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbagh
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Strebel
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cochi
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005380:Financing, Government; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D008457:Measles / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology*; D009313:National Health Programs; D009938:Organizations; D011057:Politics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D008458:Measles Vaccine