title: DNA damage in salivary gland tissue in patients with chronic kidney disease, measured by the comet assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between DNA damage in minor accessory salivary glands, hyposalivation, and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA lesions in salivary glands, inflammatory markers, and uremic state were measured in 79 patients with CKD and matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CKD patients not yet on dialysis had significantly more, and dialysis patients significantly less, DNA strand breaks in salivary tissue compared with controls. All measured inflammatory markers were higher in patients with CKD compared with controls. Salivary secretion rates were significantly lower in dialysis patients compared with controls. A high level of salivary secretion rate at rest significantly predicted a high level of DNA strand breaks in patients with CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dialysis patients had fewer DNA strand breaks in minor accessory salivary glands than controls, suggesting that peripheral tissue is differently affected by CKD than leukocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ersson
authors.forename: Royne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thorman
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodhe
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hylander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012793:Sialadenitis / Q000235:genetics; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009961:Orosomucoid; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014508:Urea; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine