title: Prospective evaluation of clinical voiding reeducation or voiding school for lower urinary tract conditions in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a prospective controlled study evaluating the results of a clinical voiding reeducation program (voiding school) for treatment of lower urinary tract conditions in children compared to no treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 children with nonneurogenic lower urinary tract conditions were included in the study. Controls, consisting of 15 children on the waiting list for the same program, received no treatment. The clinical voiding reeducation program consisted of instruction on voiding and drinking, individualized voiding diaries, pelvic floor biofeedback training, uroflowmetry, alarm therapy, cognitive therapy and psychological support. Data on voiding, drinking, pelvic floor control, voided volume, uroflow, incontinence and stool habits were gathered before the program, during the program and 6 months after the program. In the control group the same data were gathered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study group a positive effect of voiding school was observed in 92% of children, with 42% becoming completely dry, 24% improving from incontinence during the day and night to incontinence during the day or night only, and 26% remaining incontinent. In all patients the number and amount of incontinence episodes decreased. In the control group no differences were observed between the start of study and 6 months later. The study group did significantly better on voided volume and incontinence compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective controlled study a positive effect was noted on voided volume and incontinence with a clinical voiding reeducation program (voiding school).
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gent University College Arteveldehogeschool, Ghent University, and Department of Paediatrics and Biostatistics Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium. piet.hoebeke@ugent.be
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Renson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Schryver
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Schrijver
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leenaerts
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoenaers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deschepper
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vande Walle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van den Broeck
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D004775:Enuresis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*