title: Role of cerebellar cortical protein synthesis in transfer of memory trace of cerebellum-dependent motor learning.
abstract: We developed a new protocol that induces long-term adaptation of horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR) eye movement by hours of spaced training and examined the role of protein synthesis in the cerebellar cortex in the formation of memory of adaptation. Mice were trained to view 800 cycles of screen oscillation either by 1 h of massed training or by 2.5 h to 8 d of training with 0.5 h to 1 d space intervals. The HOKR gains increased similarly by 20-30% at the end of training; however, the gains increased by 1 h of massed training recovered within 24 h, whereas the gains increased by spaced training were sustained over 24 h. Bilateral floccular lidocaine microinfusions immediately after the end of training recovered the gains increased by 1 h of massed training but did not affect the gains increased by 4 h of spaced training, suggesting that the memory trace of adaptation was transferred from the flocculus to the vestibular nuclei within 4 h of spaced training. Blockade of floccular protein synthesis, examined by bilateral floccular microinfusions of anisomycin or actinomycin D 1-4 h before the training, impaired the gains increased by 4 h of spaced training but did not affect the gains increased by 1 h of massed training. These findings suggest that the transfer of the memory trace of adaptation occurs within 4 h of spaced training, and proteins synthesized in the flocculus during training period may play an important role in memory transfer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Motor Learning Control, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirao
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000818:Animals; D000841:Anisomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014163:Transfer, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D000841:Anisomycin; D008012:Lidocaine