title: Intra-individual changes in anxiety and depression during 12-month follow-up in percutaneous coronary intervention patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a paucity of studies focused on intra-individual changes in anxiety and depression over time and its correlates in cardiac patients, which may contribute to the identification of high-risk patients and point to targets for intervention. We examined changes in anxiety and depression over a 12-month period and the demographic and clinical correlates of change scores using an intra-individual approach in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive PCI patients (N=715) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline and at 12 months post-PCI. Individual change scores were calculated and in secondary analysis, three categories of change were identified (i.e., stable, improved, and deteriorated anxiety or depression).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean individual change was -.16 (± 3.0) for anxiety and -.02 (± 2.8) for depression. In linear regression analysis, baseline anxiety levels (B = -.25, 95%CI[-.30 to -.20], p = <.001) and baseline depression levels (B = -.28, 95%CI[-.33 to -.22], p =< .001) were significant correlates of individual change scores. Secondary analysis showed that anxiety remained stable in 76.4% (546/715) of patients, while depression remained stable in 81.4% (582/715) of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the current study showed that levels of anxiety and depression remained stable in the majority of PCI patients from the index PCI to 12 months post-PCI. Future studies using an intra-individual approach are warranted to further examine individual changes in anxiety and depression over time in CAD, and PCI in particular, as a means to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nikki L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Damen
authors.forename: Aline J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pelle
authors.forename: Robert-Jan M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Geuns
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: Susanne S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety; D001008:Anxiety Disorders; D003863:Depression; D003866:Depressive Disorder; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged