title: The relationship between industry and surgery.
abstract: This article examines industry's involvement in medicine, particularly with respect to surgeons and clinical research, as well as continuing medical education. We describe some historical events involving industry and how these events have led to guidelines by various organizations to handle conflicts of interest. We also review the advantages and disadvantages of collaborating with industry and provide practical guides for interactions with industry in terms of clinical research, continuing medical education, and clinical practice. With careful consideration to protect all parties involved, collaboration with industry can be advantageous to surgeons, industry, and patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0340, USA. kecchung@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sandra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kotsis
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Ummersen
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D014146:Training Support / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics