title: Association of increased S100B, S100A6 and S100P in serum levels with acute coronary syndrome and also with the severity of myocardial infarction in cardiac tissue of rat models with ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aim to check if serum levels of receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) ligands S100B, S100A6 and S100P were related to myocardial injury in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of S100B, S100A6, S100P, and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) were analyzed in 882 patients. Based upon clinical and laboratory findings, they were assigned into control (n=251), stable angina (n=211), and ACS (n=420). To verify clinical data of ACS, forty Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by occluding proximal (large infarct size; n=20) or distal (small infarct size; n=20) left anterior descending coronary artery, and another 20 rats were in sham-operation group. The expressions of S100B, S100A6, S100P and RAGE in the myocardium were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of S100B, S100A6 and S100P were higher in ACS group than in stable angina and control groups, and sRAGE levels were higher in ACS patients versus controls (all p<0.01). S100B and S100P levels correlated significantly with CK-MB and troponin I levels in ACS group (all p<0.05). In multivariable regression analysis, S100B, S100A6, S100P and conventional risk factors were independently associated with ACS. In animal models, the expressions of S100B, S100A6 and S100P were closely related to infarct size (all p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that serum levels of S100B, S100A6 and S100P are associated with ACS, and serum levels and myocardial expression of these proteins are related to infarct size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xue Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ya Nan
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Rui Yan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiu Jing
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D000075383:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D000075383:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; C103003:S100P protein, human; C489132:S100a6 protein, rat; C579158:S100b protein, rat; C055351:S100A6 protein, human