title: Superior oblique tendon expansion with Achilles tendon allograft for treating Brown syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of treatment of Brown syndrome using Achilles tendon allograft as a superior oblique tendon expander.
  
  
  METHODS
  Achilles tendon allografts were prepared from the tissue bank. Five eyes of 3 patients with congenital Brown syndrome (mean age, 6 years) were enrolled in the study. Surgery was performed with a superotemporal conjunctival fornix approach. The superior oblique tendon was exposed and severed; then a 2- to 3-mm-wide strip of Achilles tendon (with a thickness of 1-2 mm) was trimmed and sutured between the cut ends using double-armed 5-0 Mersilene sutures. The length of the expander ranged from 7 mm to 8 mm, depending on the severity of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative hypotropia in primary position ranged from 15(Δ) to 30(Δ), with abnormal head position in 1 patient. Nine months after the operation, 2 eyes with moderate Brown syndrome showed an improvement in the hypotropia to <3(Δ), and 2 eyes with severe disease had residual hypotropia of 5(Δ). Another eye with severe Brown syndrome had a residual hypotropia of 20(Δ). The elevation in adduction improved by 1 grade in 1 eye and resolved in the other 4 eyes. The amount of correction in the deviation improved with time. None of the patients developed secondary superior oblique palsy, rejection, infection, extrusion, prolonged ocular inflammation, or foreign body sensation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior oblique tendon elongation with Achilles tendon allograft had acceptable short-term results in 4 of 5 eyes treated for Brown syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran. talebnejadmr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Talebnejad
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosallaei
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.forename: Mohammad Hosein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nowroozzadeh
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zareifar
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000637:transplantation*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D058971:Tenotomy / Q000379:methods*; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology