title: Persistent hiccups with continuous intrathecal morphine infusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of hiccups secondary to intrathecal (IT) morphine infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hiccups in our patient resolved on substitution of IT morphine infusion with hydromorphone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a case of a 44-year-old man who developed persistent hiccups with IT morphine infusion pump therapy. The hiccups persisted despite various nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures. The untoward symptom resolved after substitution of IT hydromorphone for IT morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. vivek.loomba@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loomba
authors.forename: Mayank
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006606:Hiccup / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine