title: The effect of nano-silver on the activation of nasal polyp epithelial cells by Alternaria, Der P1 and staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
abstract: Nano-silver is used for its anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential clinical efficacy of nano-silver for its anti-inflammatory effect on respiratory epithelial cell inflammation. Primary nasal polyp epithelial cells (NPECs) were exposed to Alternaria alternata, Der P1, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B for 48 h with or without various concentration of nano-silver, then the supernatants were collected. Cell cytotoxicities were measured using a CellTiter-96® aqueous cell proliferation assay kit. The interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor were measured to evaluate the inflammatory effects on the epithelial cells. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) were analyzed using western blot and ELISA method. Cell survival was found to be significantly decreased at nano-silver concentrations exceeding 10 ppm. Alternaria, Der P1 and SEB activated NPECs with increased cytokine production. Alternaria induced NPECs not inhibited by nano-silver. However, Der P1 and SEB induced cytokine production was significantly affected by concentrations over 1 ppm. Alternaria, Der P1 and SEB enhanced nuclear NF-κB expression and nano-silver inhibited NF-κB expression in SEB and Der P1 treated group. Although nano-silver is cytotoxic at higher concentrations, at safe concentrations it can inhibit the activation of NPECs. This finding suggests a novel pharmacological rationale for the treatment of airway inflammation and/or immunological disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea. hsseung@cu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000276:immunology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003102:Colloids; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D003102:Colloids; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D018030:Silver Compounds; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C451162:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 1