title: The presentation of rickets to orthopaedic clinics: return of the English disease.
abstract: Rickets is a potentially treatable disease of the bone that is most commonly due to deficiency of vitamin D and is increasing in incidence in developed countries. Risk factors include dietary factors, the practice of covering up and darker skin pigmentation. This small retrospective case study set out to examine all cases of rickets presenting to the Paediatric Orthopaedic clinic over a 15-month period. Rickets presented in a bimodal fashion in the 6 cases identified: in males and females aged 3 or less and female adolescents aged 10 and above. This is in keeping with what is known regarding the rapid phases of growth during development. Five cases were from ethnic minority groups. Both female adolescents presented with genu valgum. Rickets can present primarily to Orthopaedic clinics with vague musculoskeletal symptoms. We recommend that biochemical screening be performed on patients from ethnic minorities who may be 'at risk'.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, U.K. harisnaseem@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Haris
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naseem
authors.forename: Alun P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sangster
authors.forename: Robin W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Paton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012279:Rickets / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology