title: Behavioral and physiological effects of acute ketamine exposure in adult zebrafish.
abstract: Ketamine is a non-competitive glutamatergic antagonist used to induce sedation and analgesia. In sub-anesthetic doses, it induces hyperlocomotion, impairs memory and evokes stereotypic circling in rodents. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) emerged as a promising new animal model to screen the effects of psychotropic compounds. Here, we investigated the effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine on anxiety, locomotion, habituation and social behavior of adult zebrafish. Acute 20-min exposure to 20 and 40 mg/L (but not 2 mg/L) of ketamine reduced anxiety, impaired intra-session habituation, evoked circular swimming and disrupted zebrafish shoaling. Additionally, ketamine reduced whole-body cortisol levels and elevated brain c-fos expression in zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate the sensitivity of zebrafish to behavioral and physiological effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine, further supporting the utility of this species as a model for neuropharmacological research, including testing ketamine and related drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Program, Tulane Neurophenotyping Platform, Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, Tulane University Medical School,1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riehl
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kyzar
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allain
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monnig
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rhymes
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Mimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dileo
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaikwad
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Allan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kalueff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014741:Video Recording; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007649:Ketamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone