title: Controlling quality in CME/CPD by measuring and illuminating bias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been a surge of interest in the area of bias in industry-supported continuing medical education/continuing professional development (CME/CPD) activities. In 2007, we published our first study on measuring bias in CME, demonstrating that our assessment tool was valid and reliable. In light of the increasing interest in this area, and building on our experience, we wanted to further understand the application of this tool in different environments. We invited other CME/CPD providers from multiple sites in Canada to participate in a second CME bias study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new steering committee was established with representatives from 5 academic CME/CPD offices nationally, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the College of Family Physicians of Canada to outline the project in terms of review of the literature, refining items on the tool, updating the training guide for implementation, and establishing a resource Web site for reviewers. Training involved a train-the-trainer session with the event coordinators at each of the 5 participating centers via videoconferencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The content reviews from the study showed moderate inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.54), and the live reviews showed poor overall inter-rater reliability; however, one center achieved substantial inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis from this study suggests that the tool can be used as a part of a multistage process to introduce quality control mechanisms to help raise standards for CME/CPD. It is imperative to develop a cost-effective standardized training protocol that can be implemented at all sites to maximize the reliability of the tool.
authors.affiliation: Continuing Professional Development, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Jatinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takhar
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macnab
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eadie
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lockyer
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenerson
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: François
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monette
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marlow
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards*; D030881:Disclosure; D004496:Education, Continuing / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000592:standards*; D019981:Health Care Sector; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results