title: Distinct resting-state brain activities in heroin-dependent individuals.
abstract: Previous functional imaging studies on heroin addicts have focused on abnormal brain functions based on specific tasks, while few fMRI studies concentrated on the resting-state abnormalities of heroin-dependent individuals. In the current study, we applied the pattern classification technique, which employs the feature extraction method of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Its main purpose was to characterize the discrepancy in activation patterns between heroin-dependent individuals and healthy subjects during the resting state. The results displayed a high accuracy in the activation pattern differences of the two groups, which included the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), cingulate gyrus, frontal and para-limbic regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampal/parahippocampal region, amygdala, caudate, putamen, as well as the posterior insula and thalamus. These findings indicate that significant biomarkers exist among the network of circuits that are involved in drug abuse. The implications from our study may help explain the behavioral and neuropsychological deficits in heroin-dependent individuals and shed light on the mechanisms underlying heroin addiction.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jixin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: von Deneen
authors.forename: Nelson J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Klahr
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin