title: Using extended cognitive behavioral treatment and medication to treat dependent smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated smoking-cessation efficacy of an extended course of sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) and cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day and who smoked within 30 minutes of arising (n = 406) completed a 12-week smoking-cessation treatment including group counseling, nicotine-replacement therapy, and bupropion SR. Participants were then randomly assigned to 1 of 5 conditions: (1) no further treatment, (2) active bupropion SR for 40 weeks, (3) placebo for 40 weeks, (4) active bupropion SR and 11 sessions of CBT for 40 weeks (A-CBT), or (5) placebo and 11 sessions of CBT for 40 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 52, 64, and 104.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A-CBT was not superior to the other 3 extended treatments. From weeks 12 through 104, all extended treatment conditions were superior to standard treatment. At weeks 64 and 104, the 2 CBT conditions produced significantly higher abstinence rates than did the other 3 conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brief contact with providers can increase abstinence during treatment. CBT may increase long-term abstinence after extended treatment is terminated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA. sharon.hall@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Humfleet
authors.forename: Ricardo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Victor I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D016642:Bupropion