title: Carotenoids and Alzheimer's disease: an insight into therapeutic role of retinoids in animal models.
abstract: Carotenoids play a pivotal role in prevention of many degenerative diseases mediated by oxidative stress including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The involvement of retinoids in physiology, AD pathology and their therapeutic role in vitro and in vivo has been extensively studied. This review focuses on the role of carotenoids like retinoic acid (RA), all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), lycopene and β-carotene in prevention of AD symptoms primarily through inhibition of amyloid beta (Aβ) formation, deposition and fibril formation either by reducing the levels of p35 or inhibiting corresponding enzymes. The role of antioxidant micronutrients in prevention or delaying of AD symptoms has been included. This study emphasizes the dietary supplementation of carotenoids to combat AD and warrants further studies on animal models to unravel their mechanism of neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. mobulesu@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obulesu
authors.forename: Muralidhara Rao
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dowlathabad
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bramhachari
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D018977:Micronutrients; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012176:Retinoids; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids; D014212:Tretinoin; D000077276:Lycopene