title: Visualizing cell extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by cells cultured on aligned bacteriophage M13 thin films.
abstract: Topographical features ranging from micro- to nanometers can affect cell orientation and migratory pathways, which are important factors in tissue engineering and tumor migration. In our previous study, a convective assembly of bacteriophage M13 resulted in thin films which could be used to control the alignment of cells. However, several questions regarding its underlying reasons to dictate cell alignment remained unanswered. Here, we further study the nanometer topographical features generated by the bacteriophage M13 crystalline film, which results in the alignment of the cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Sequential imaging analyses at micro- and nanoscale levels of aligned cells and fibrillar matrix proteins were documented using scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. As a result, we observed baby hamster kidney cells with higher degree of alignment on the ordered M13 substrates than NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, a difference which could be attributed to the intrinsic nature of the cells' production of ECM proteins. The results from this study provide a crucial insight into the topographical features of a biological thin film, which can be utilized to control the orientation of cells and surrounding ECM proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
authors.forename: Laying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L Andrew
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Zhongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Soumitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghoshroy
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017104:Bacteriophage M13 / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial