title: Identification of systemic markers from a pulmonary carbon nanotube exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interest exists for early monitoring of worker exposure to engineered nanomaterials. Here, we highlight quantitative systemic markers of early effects after carbon nanotube (CNT) exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were exposed by pharyngeal aspiration to 40-μg CNT and harvested 24 hours, 7 days, and 28 days postexposure for measurements of whole blood, lung and extrapulmonary tissue gene expression, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differentials, and serum protein profiling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early effects included increased inflammatory blood gene expression and serum cytokines followed by an acute phase response (eg, CRP, SAA-1, SAP). Beyond 24 hours, there was a consistent increase in blood and BAL eosinophils. At 28 day, serum acute phase proteins with immune function including complement C3, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, and α₂-macroglobulin were increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon nanotube exposure resulted in measurable systemic markers but lacked specificity to distinguish from other pulmonary exposures.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. efi4@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdely
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liston
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salmen-Muniz
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hulderman
authors.forename: Shih-Houng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Patti C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Zeidler-Erdely
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Petia P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Simeonova
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon