title: Portuguese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory: transcultural adaptation and psychometric validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) is a recently developed anxiety instrument designed to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms across a range of presentations in older adults. In this study, the authors examined the validity of the Portuguese version of the GAI and assessed its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was designed using a sample of 152 community-dwelling older adults, and a geriatric psychiatric sample of outpatients with clinical diagnoses of depression (n = 32), anxiety disorders (n = 23), and early Alzheimer's disease (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Portuguese version of the GAI required linguistic and transcultural adaptations, particularly on the somatic expressions of anxiety. It exhibited sound internal consistency and demonstrated good concurrent validity against the state half of the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The optimal cut-off point to detect severe anxiety symptoms was 8/9, but no optimal cut-off point for Generalized Anxiety Disorder could be estimated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide initial evidence that the Portuguese version of the GAI is a valid and reliable measure for assessing late-life anxiety and highlights the need for possible modifications of the instrument before being used in other languages and cultural groups.
authors.affiliation: Research and Education Unit on Ageing (UNIFAI/ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Portugal. oribeiro@ua.pt
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Constança
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paúl
authors.forename: Mário R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Horácio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Firmino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014175:Translating