title: [Progress of methods of inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the research progress of the current methods of inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to chondrogenic differentiation in vitro so as to provide references for researches in cartilage tissue engineering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various methods of inducing BMSCs differentiation into the chondrogenic lineage in vitro in recent years were extensively reviewed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adding exogenous growth factors is still the mainly method of inducing BMSCs differentiation into the chondrogenic lineage; among the members, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family is recognized as the most important chondrogenic induction factor. Other important inducing factors include various chemical factors, physical factors, transgenic methods, and the microenvironmental induction. But the problems of low inducing efficiency and unstable inducing effects still exist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The progress of chondrogenic induction of BMSCs promotes its utilization in cartilage tissue engineering. Further researches are needed for establishing more efficient, simpler, and safer inducing methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinchun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yilin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*