title: Do distant foods decrease intake? The effect of food accessibility on consumption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two studies examined the hypothesis that making snacks less accessible contributes to the regulation of food intake. Study 1 examined whether decreasing the accessibility of snacks reduces probability and amount of snack intake. The aim of Study 2 was to replicate the results and explore the underlying mechanism in terms of perceived effort to obtain the snack and perceived salience of the snack.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Study 1 (N = 77) and Study 2 (N = 54) distance to a bowl of snacks was randomly varied at 20, 70 or 140 cm in an experimental between-subjects design. Main outcome measures were the number of people who ate any snacks (probability of snack intake), the amount of snacks consumed and risk of compensatory behaviour as measured by food craving. In Study 2, self-report ratings of salience and effort were examined to explore potential underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study 1 showed lower probability and amount of intake in either of more distant conditions (70 and 140 cm) compared to the proximal condition (20 cm), with no unintended effects in terms of increased craving. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1 and showed that distance affected perceived effort but not salience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Making snacks less accessible by putting them further away is a potentially effective strategy to decrease snack intake, without risk of compensatory behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.maas@uu.nl
authors.forename: Josje
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Denise T D
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: de Ridder
authors.forename: Emely
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.forename: John B F
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: de Wit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D055815:Young Adult