title: Uracil-DNA glycosylase of Thermoplasma acidophilum directs long-patch base excision repair, which is promoted by deoxynucleoside triphosphates and ATP/ADP, into short-patch repair.
abstract: Hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil in DNA is increased in organisms adapted to high temperatures. Hitherto, the uracil base excision repair (BER) pathway has only been described in two archaeons, the crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum and the euryarchaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, which are hyperthermophiles and use single-nucleotide replacement. In the former the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site intermediate is removed by the sequential action of a 5'-acting AP endonuclease and a 5'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase, whereas in the latter the AP site is primarily removed by a 3'-acting AP lyase, followed by a 3'-phosphodiesterase. We describe here uracil BER by a cell extract of the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum, which prefers a similar short-patch repair mode as A. fulgidus. Importantly, T. acidophilumcell extract also efficiently executes ATP/ADP-stimulated long-patch BER in the presence of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, with a repair track of ∼15 nucleotides. Supplementation of recombinant uracil-DNA glycosylase (rTaUDG; ORF Ta0477) increased the formation of short-patch at the expense of long-patch repair intermediates, and additional supplementation of recombinant DNA ligase (rTalig; Ta1148) greatly enhanced repair product formation. TaUDG seems to recruit AP-incising and -excising functions to prepare for rapid single-nucleotide insertion and ligation, thus excluding slower and energy-costly long-patch BER.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Marivi N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Knævelsrud
authors.forename: Gyri T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Haugland
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grøsvik
authors.forename: Nils-Kåre
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Birkeland
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klungland
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bjelland
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D019848:Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal; D019766:Genes, Archaeal; D019761:Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013822:Thermoplasma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D051981:Uracil-DNA Glycosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C423906:5'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase; D051981:Uracil-DNA Glycosidase; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; D019761:Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases; D011088:DNA Ligases