title: Determination of sudan dyes in red wine and fruit juice using ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: The liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) was developed for extracting sudan dyes from red wine and fruit juice. Room temperature ionic liquid was used as the extraction solvent. The target analytes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The extraction parameters were optimized. The optimal conditions are as follows: volume of [C(6)MIM][PF(6)] 50 μL; the extraction time 10 min; pH value of the sample solution 7.0; NaCl concentration in sample solution 5%. The extraction recoveries for the analytes in red wine and fruit samples are 86.79-108.28 and 68.54-85.66%, whereas RSDs are 1.42-5.12 and 1.43-6.19%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.428 and 1.426 ng/mL for sudan I, 0.938 and 3.127 ng/mL for sudan II, 1.334 and 4.445 ng/mL for sudan III, 1.454 and 4.846 ng/mL for sudan IV, respectively. Compared with conventional liquid-liquid extraction (CLLE) and ultrasonic extraction (UE), when LLME was applied, the sample amount was less (LLME: 4 mL; CLLE: 10 mL; UE: 10 mL), the extraction time was shorter (LLME: 15 min; CLLE: 110 min; UE: 50 min) and the extraction solvent amount was less (LLME: 0.05 mL IL; CLLE: 15 mL hexane; UE: 20 mL hexane). The proposed method offers a simple, rapid and efficient sample preparation for determining sudan dyes in red wine and fruit juice samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenzhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Tianqi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shiqian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Mingqin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yupu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hanqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C033003:sudan red