title: Improved signal processing to detect cancer by ultrasonic molecular imaging of targeted nanoparticles.
abstract: In several investigations of molecular imaging of angiogenic neovasculature using a targeted contrast agent, Renyi entropy [I(f)(r)] and a limiting form of Renyi entropy (I(f,∞)) exhibited significantly more sensitivity to subtle changes in scattering architecture than energy-based methods. Many of these studies required the fitting of a cubic spline to backscattered waveforms prior to calculation of entropy [either I(f)(r) or I(f,∞)]. In this study, it is shown that the robustness of I(f,∞) may be improved by using a smoothing spline. Results are presented showing the impact of different smoothing parameters. In addition, if smoothing is preceded by low-pass filtering of the waveforms, further improvements may be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. domenico.stanzial@cnr.it
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wickline
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wickerhauser
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maurizi
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3