title: Raman spectroscopic analysis of the carotenoid concentration in egg yolks depending on the feeding and housing conditions of the laying hens.
abstract: Resonance Raman spectroscopic measurements are suited to analyze the concentration of carotenoid antioxidants in biological samples. Previously, it has been shown that the carotenoid concentration of nutritional egg yolks has a direct influence on the carotenoid content of human skin in vivo. In the present study, resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the carotenoid concentration in the yolks of hen eggs, which were housed in battery cages or alternatively on free-range grassland. The egg yolks of hens, which had access to grassland, contained approximately double the amount of carotenoid concentration than the egg yolks of hens housed in battery cages (p < 0.001). The kinetics of the carotenoid concentration in the egg yolks, depending on fodder, housing and weather conditions, were investigated.
authors.affiliation: Charité University Hospital Berlin, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology CCP, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hesterberg
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanzer
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patzelt
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterry
authors.forename: Joachim W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fluhr
authors.forename: Martina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.forename: Maxim E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Darvin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002338:Carotenoids