title: Elevated pancreatic enzymes, IgM, soluble interleukin-2 receptor in anti-GADab(+) type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the presence of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GADab). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1B diabetes, and characterized by the absence of anti-GADab, flu-like symptoms, and elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes. We report a type 1 diabetic patient who showed flu-like symptoms, elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes, and an extremely high-titer of anti-GADab, manifesting the characteristics of both type 1A and fulminant type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Hidekatsu Yanai, Sumie Moriyama, Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekatsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriyama