title: Bioengineering RNA silencing across the life kingdoms.
abstract: RNA silencing negatively regulates gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, guided by small RNA molecules. It modulates core regulatory pathways across the eukaryotes, such as developmental processes or stress responses. The widespread existence of this phenomenon and the key pathways regulated have led to the development of a new technology based on the modification of gene expression, which has been applied successfully in different areas such as medicine or agriculture. Here we review the most important patents related to RNA silencing across the life kingdoms, including biotechnological applications into medicine, crop science and bioengineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK. ra352@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Fernandez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopez-Gomollon
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lopez-Martinez
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Nicolas
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010222:Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000187:drug effects*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering