title: Enamel defects in the complete primary dentition of children born at term and preterm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study's purpose was to compare the frequency of enamel defects (ED) in the complete primary dentition (CDD) of term children (TC) and preterm children (PTC) and to analyze neonatal factors associated with ED in PTC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group was formed by 45 PTC, cared for at the Follow-up Clinic for Preterm Children of the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. The control group included 46 school-children born at term.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ED was more frequent in PTC (87%) than in TC (44%; P<.05). All 34 PTC with tracheal intubation at birth presented ED, showing a strong association between both. The variable was not included in the regression model. To analyze neonatal factors associated with ED in PTC, a model of logistic regression was adjusted. Malnutrition at term-corrected age increased the risk of ED in PTC 7.8 times. Opacity (white/cream) and hypoplasia (missing enamel) were frequent types of ED in this series. PTC and TC presented with high ED frequencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequencies of enamel defects were elevated in term and preterm children, but were higher in the latter. Tracheal intubation was strongly associated with enamel defects, and extrauterine growth restriction significantly increased the risk for enamel defects in preterm children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliana Aparecida Mendonça Vespoli
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goulart
authors.forename: Benjamin Israel
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kopelman
authors.forename: Rosa Maria Eid
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weiler
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D004245:DMF Index; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D008423:Maternal Age; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D047929:Term Birth; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000002:abnormalities*