title: Analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of the crude methanolic extract of Schwenckia americana Linn (Solanaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate analgesic effect and anti-inflammatory properties of Schwenckia americana (Solanaceae), a medicinal plant used for treating rheumatic pains and swelling in North-western Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three doses (25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg) of the crude methanolic extract of Schwenkia americana were evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using acetic acid induced writhing test, formalin induced nociception, and formalin induced hind paw oedema in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All doses (25, 50, 100mg/kg) of the extract tested were effective. The extract at the tested doses produced a percentage inhibition of the acetic acid induced abdominal constriction of (53.3, 58.0 and 86.7%), respectively. A percentage inhibition of the formalin induced nociception of 44.00, 56.04, and 56.04% (early phase) and 33.00, 36.63 and 59.71% (late phase) was also produced. The inhibition of oedema formation increased with increasing dosage from 25 to 100mg/kg. The crude extract produced a statistically significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the effect of standard drug (10mg/kg Piroxicam).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of crude methanolic extract of Schwenkia americana thus justifying its traditional usage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria. layidotcom@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Abdulgafar O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jimoh
authors.forename: Aminu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chika
authors.forename: Muhammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Iyabo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adebisi
authors.forename: Nuru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdullahi
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D010894:Piroxicam; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019342:Acetic Acid; D000432:Methanol