title: Serum prostate specific antigen changes in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) on a high sugar high fat diet.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An inverse relationship between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and body mass index (BMI) has been reported in men but not in any animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum PSA in a colony of cynomolgus monkeys was assayed and correlated to body weight, prostate weight, and age. In addition, 15 animals were selected and fed a high sugar high fat (HSHF) diet for 49 weeks to increase their BMI and correlate it to PSA RESULTS: Serum PSA levels were positively correlated to prostate weight (r = 0.515, P = 0.025) and age (r = 0.548, P = 0.00072) but was not significantly correlated to body weight (r = -0.032, P = 0.419). For the animals on the HSHF diet, body weight, lean mass, fat mass, and BMI were significantly higher at 49 weeks than at baseline (P < 0.01). PSA was not significantly correlated to body weight and insulin at both baseline and 49 weeks. PSA was negatively correlated to BMI and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 49 weeks but not at baseline. In addition, we observed hepatic steatosis and increases in serum liver enzymes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases in BMI in cynomolgus monkeys as a result of consuming a HSHF diet resulted in PSA changes similar to those in humans with increased BMI. Cynomolgus monkeys are a useful model for investigating the relationship between obesity, diabetes, and PSA changes resulting from prostate gland pathology.
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA. jmubiru@txbiomed.org
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mubiru
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Forey
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cavazos
authors.forename: Peggah
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hemmat
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Owston
authors.forename: Cassondra A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Shade
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen