title: Bleeding in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions: position paper by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology.
abstract: Bleeding has recently emerged as an important outcome in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), which is relatively frequent compared with ischaemic outcomes and has important implications in terms of prognosis, outcomes, and costs. In particular, there is evidence that patients experiencing major bleeding in the acute phase are at higher risk for death in the following months, although the causal nature of this relation is still debated. This position paper aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of bleeding in ACS and percutaneous coronary intervention, including measurement and definitions of bleeding, with emphasis on the recent consensus Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) definitions. It also provides an European perspective on management strategies to minimize the rate, extent, and consequences of bleeding. Finally, the research implications of bleeding (measuring and reporting bleeding in trials, the importance of bleeding as an outcome measure, and bleeding as a subject for future research) are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U-698, Université Paris-Diderot and Centre Hospitalier Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France. gabriel.steg@bch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Philippe Gabriel
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Felicita
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreotti
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atar
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Badimon
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bassand
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Caterina
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gulba
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamon
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helft
authors.forename: Keith A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Steen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Sunil V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Freek W A
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Verheugt
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Widimsky
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zeymer
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Collet
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents