title: A pharmacological approach to first aid treatment for snakebite.
abstract: Snake venom toxins first transit the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream. Ointment containing a nitric oxide donor, which impedes the intrinsic lymphatic pump, prolonged lymph transit time in rats and humans and also increased rat survival time after injection of venom. This pharmacological approach should give snakebite victims more time to obtain medical care and antivenom treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Saul
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dosen
authors.forename: Geoffrey K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Isbister
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: Dirk F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: van Helden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005392:First Aid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009824:Ointments; D051381:Rats; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009824:Ointments; D012910:Snake Venoms; D005996:Nitroglycerin