title: Estradiol and thermoregulation in adult endotoxemic rats exposed to lipopolysaccharide in neonatal life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early life immune challenge has been considered an adaptive defense strategy against potential pathogens when the innate immune system is not completely developed. This study assesses whether neonatal endotoxin challenge alters body temperature response in adult female rats during endotoxemic shock and also, whether ovarian hormones may participate in this response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysacharide (LPS) or saline at post-natal day 14, then as adults they were submitted to endotoxemic shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LPS injection in adult neonatal Saline rats caused an initial hypothermia, followed by a febrile response. However, neonatal LPS showed an increased hypothermic response and an attenuation of fever. The bilateral ovariectomy abolished the difference in body temperature between the neonatal LPS and saline rats. To determine the dependence of ovarian hormones, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol cypionate (ECP) restored hypothermia and the suppressed febrile response. However, the same results were not obtained when the animals were supplemented with ECP and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The neonatal LPS rats displayed a significant reduction in TNF-α levels and an increase in IL-10 levels when compared with saline animals. The ECP injection significantly enhanced IL-10 and suppressed TNF-α in neonatal LPS, but it did not change the inflammatory response in the saline rats. The ECP + MPA regiment in the neonatal LPS rats reduced TNF-α, but eliminated IL-10 stimulation in comparison with the saline group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation shows that neonatal LPS challenge alters the thermoregulatory response during endotoxemic shock in adulthood and the mechanism for this difference could be mediated by sex hormones, especially estradiol.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Saia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertozi
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cárnio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007107:Immune System / Q000254:growth & development; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate