title: Mentoring fathers of children newly diagnosed with T1DM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To pilot test a social support intervention for fathers of children <13 years old newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The pilot study was part of a larger randomized, controlled clinical trial. Father participants (28 fathers of children newly diagnosed) were recruited from two pediatric diabetes centers. For 12 months fathers (n = 19) and their spouses in the experimental arm received social support (home visits and phone calls). Control group fathers (n = 9) and their spouses received the phone number of an experienced parent (but not formally educated to provide social support) to call as needed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fathers in the intervention group had significantly greater confidence but scored higher on worry at 12 months than control group fathers. Fathers in the two groups did not differ significantly in disease-related concerns or perceived disease impact on the family, nor did they differ significantly in perceived amount and helpfulness of their daily management. However, mothers overall perceived fathers as contributing more care and help than fathers perceived themselves (p > .10). Fathers in the experimental arm identified parent mentors as individuals they would seek advice regarding day-to-day management and community agencies. Over this 4.5 year study, 6 of 28 father participants and two of the three father mentors dropped out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses caring for families with young children newly diagnosed with T1DM should consider fathers social support needs and encourage their participation in day-to-day management.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nursing, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan-Bolyai
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bova
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gruppuso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012944:Social Support