title: An evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of 3% sodium hypochlorite, high-frequency alternating current and 2% chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), high-frequency alternating current (HFAC) (Endox Endodontic System), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) in elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from experimentally infected root canals, in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty extracted, single rooted permanent upper anterior teeth were instrumented up to size 50, teeth were sterilized and inoculated with E. faecalis, subcultured in BHI broth which had its optical density adjusted to approximately 1.5Χ10(8) colony forming units (CFUs) ml(-1) by comparing its turbidity to a McFarland 0.5 BaSO(4) standard solution. After incubation for 24 h, the contaminated root canals were divided into four groups and subjected to action of NaOCl 3%, CHX 2%, and HFAC with physiological saline as a positive control. Sterile paper points were selected to take the sample of the bacteria and transferred to tubes containing 5ml of BHI broth and then incubated for 24 and 48 h, followed by agar plating of the resultant broth turbidity on Enterococcus confirmatory agar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data obtained were analyzed statistically for differences using chi-squared test, comparing different groups, with a significance level established at P<0.05 and 3% NaOCl showed no growth postoperatively, CHX and HFAC showed reduction of postoperative growth compared to physiological saline and, were statistically significant (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, sodium hypochlorite, CHX, HFAC all were significantly effective in eliminating E. faecalis and sodium hypochlorite showed the maximum anti-bacterial activity against E. faecalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Rupali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karale
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakore
authors.forename: Vk
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shetty