title: Colorectal cancer vaccines in clinical trials.
abstract: This article elucidates current strategies of active immunotherapy for colorectal cancer patients with a focus on T-cell mediated immunotherapy. Poor prognosis of especially stage III and IV colorectal cancer patients emphasizes the need for advanced therapeutic intervention. Here, we refer to clinical trials using either tumor cell-derived vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines with a special interest on safety, induced immune responses, clinical benefit and efforts to improve the clinical impact of these vaccines in the context of colorectal cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Speetjens
authors.forename: Eliane C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Zeestraten
authors.forename: Peter J K
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kuppen
authors.forename: Cornelis J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Melief
authors.forename: Sjoerd H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: van der Burg
mesh_terms: D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines