title: Turkish version of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study documented the cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) in the Turkish language.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participant group included 48 Turkish workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-cultural adaptation included the translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review and pretest stages. The adapted Turkish version of the CMDQ (T-CMDQ) was validated through self-administration of the tool and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) among participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validity of the T-CMDQ was good; Kappa coefficients between the responses given on the VAS and on the T-CMDQ indicated substantial to almost perfect agreement (ranged between 0.62-0.92 across body parts), and Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the VAS scores and T-CMDQ severity scale responses were all significant (ranged between 0.46-0.83 across body parts). Test-retest reliability of the T-CMDQ was satisfactory; Kappa coefficients, which ranged between 0.56-0.97 across the three scales, indicated moderate to almost perfect agreement between test-retest responses across body parts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study produced the T-CMDQ with good psychometric properties, presented the first formal validation of the CMDQ and provided useful insights on the cross-cultural adaptation process of a subjective data collection tool which was originally developed in English, into the Turkish language.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, Turkish Air Force Academy, Yesilyurt, Istanbul, Turkey. o.erdinc@hho.edu.tr
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdinc
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hot
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult