title: The effects of pesticide mixtures on degradation of pendimethalin in soils.
abstract: Most agronomic situations involve a sequence of herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide application. On the other hand, use of pesticidal combinations has become a standard practice in the production of many agricultural crops. One of the most important processes influencing the behavior of a pesticide in the environment is its degradation in soil. It is known that due to several pesticide applications in one vegetation season, the pesticide may be present in mixtures with other pesticides or xenobiotics in soil. This study examines the role which a mixture of chemicals plays in pesticide degradation. The influence of other pesticides on the rate of pendimethalin (PDM) degradation in soil was measured in controlled conditions. Mixtures of PDM with mancozeb or mancozeb and thiamethoxam significantly influenced the degradation of pendimethalin under controlled conditions. The second type of mixtures, with metribuzin or thiamethoxam, did not affect the behavior of pendimethalin in soil. Also, we determined the influence of water content on the rate of pendimethalin degradation alone in two soils and compared it to the rate in three pesticide mixtures. We compared two equations to evaluate the predictors of the rate of herbicide dissipation in soil: the first-order kinetic and the non-linear empirical models. We used the non-linear empirical model assuming that the degradation rate of a herbicide in soil is proportional to the difference of the observed concentration of herbicide in soil at time and concentration of herbicide in the last day of measurement.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Synthesis and Drug Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Aleja Piastow 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland. mswar@zut.edu.pl
authors.forename: Maria K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Swarcewicz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gregorczyk
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008344:Maneb / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010078:Oxazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015038:Zineb / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013844:Thiazoles; D008344:Maneb; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; C013099:mancozeb; C030856:pendimethalin; D015038:Zineb