title: Unique case of malignant transformation of a vestibular schwannoma after fractionated radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malignant transformation of vestibular schwannoma is considered a rare clinical entity. Radiotherapy, as a treatment option for vestibular schwannoma, is regarded as a potential risk factor for secondary malignancy. Recently, radiotherapy with dose fractionation has been proposed, intended to diminish the risk of radiation-induced neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of the present study is to report the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of malignant transformation of a residual vestibular schwannoma 19 years after fractionated radiotherapy, describing its characteristics with regard to those previously reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main purpose of the present work is to state that the knowledge of the iatrogenic potential pitfalls of any technique of radiotherapy in clinical oncology is becoming a necessity. Finally, our report demonstrates that the irradiated patients must be monitored for life because a secondary malignancy may appear after a very long delay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Skull Base Surgery, Pellegrin University Hospital, University of Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markou
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eimer
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: Aymeri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huchet
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goudakos
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liguoro
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Franco-Vidal
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Maire
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Darrouzet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed