title: Secondary metabolites and bioactivities of Myrtus communis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myrtus species are characterized by the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils and fatty acids. They are remedies for variety of ailments. This study therefore investigated medicinal effects of Myrtus communis L.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioactivity studies of Myrtus communis L. leaves were carried out on volatile oil, 7% methanol and aqueous extracts and the isolated compounds myricetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-∝-rhamnopyranoside and gallic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Determination of the median lethal dose (LD(50)) revealed that the volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts were practically nontoxic and highly safe as no lethality was observed. The tested materials (volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts, myricetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-∝-rhamnopyranoside and gallic acid) showed significant antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects as compared with control groups and reference drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of extracts of M. communis leaves could be safe at the dose used in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: El-Sayed A
authors.initials: el-SA
authors.lastname: Aboutabl
authors.forename: Rania F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Ezzel-Din A
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: El-Khrisy
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Amany A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sleem