title: Cardioprotection of Asperosaponin X on experimental myocardial ischemia injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asperosaponin X was isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper. In this study, we investigated the anti-myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury effects of Asperosaponin X in vivo and elucidated the potential mechanism in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asperosaponin X significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner in H9c2 cells. Treatment of H9c2 cells with Asperosaponin X 5 μM or 10 μM blocked TNF-α-induced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) phosphorylation by blocking HMGB1 expression. Treatment of rats with Asperosaponin X 10mg/kg, (i.v.) protected the animals from myocardial I/R injury as indicated by a decrease in infarct volume, improvement in hemodynamics and reduction of myocardial damage severity. Treatment with Asperosaponin X also lowered serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors and reduced High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), phosphorylated IκB-α and NF-κB expression in ischemic myocardial tissue. Additionally, continuous i.v. of Asperosaponin X 14 days attenuated cardiac remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These protective effects suggested that Asperosaponin X may be due to block of myocardial inflammatory cascades through an HMGB1-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy department, Binzhou Medical University (Yantai) 264003, PR China.
authors.forename: Wang-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shu-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hai-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D049917:Dipsacaceae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C104200:Hbp1 protein, rat; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D028321:Plant Preparations; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha