title: Spice oil cinnamaldehyde exhibits potent anticandidal activity against fluconazole resistant clinical isolates.
abstract: Fluconazole resistance is becoming an important clinical concern. We studied the in vitro effects of cinnamaldehyde against 18 fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates. MIC(90) of cinnamaldehyde against different Candida isolates ranged 100-500 μg/ml. Growth and sensitivity of the organisms were significantly affected by cinnamaldehyde at different concentrations. The rapid irreversible action of this compound on fungal cells suggested membrane-located targets for its action. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that cinnamaldehyde exerts its antifungal activity by targeting sterol biosynthesis and plasma membrane ATPase activity. Inhibition of H(+) (-)ATPase leads to intracellular acidification and cell death. Toxicity against H9c2 rat cardiac myoblasts was studied to exclude the possibility of further associated cytotoxicity. The observed selectively fungicidal characteristics against fluconazole-resistant Candida isolates signify a promising candidature of this essential oil as an antifungal agent in treatments for candidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
authors.forename: Sheikh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shreaz
authors.forename: Rimple
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Neelofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Sumathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muralidhar
authors.forename: Seemi F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Basir
authors.forename: Nikhat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.forename: Luqman Ahmad
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids; D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004351:Drug Resistance; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017365:Spices; D013261:Sterols / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013261:Sterols; D000171:Acrolein; D015725:Fluconazole; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C012843:cinnamaldehyde