title: Synthesis of carbon nanotubes with and without catalyst particles.
abstract: The initial development of carbon nanotube synthesis revolved heavily around the use of 3d valence transition metals such as Fe, Ni, and Co. More recently, noble metals (e.g. Au) and poor metals (e.g. In, Pb) have been shown to also yield carbon nanotubes. In addition, various ceramics and semiconductors can serve as catalytic particles suitable for tube formation and in some cases hybrid metal/metal oxide systems are possible. All-carbon systems for carbon nanotube growth without any catalytic particles have also been demonstrated. These different growth systems are briefly examined in this article and serve to highlight the breadth of avenues available for carbon nanotube synthesis.
authors.affiliation: IFW Dresden, P,O, Box 270116, 01069 Dresden, Germany. m.ruemmeli@ifw-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Mark Hermann
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rümmeli
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachmatiuk
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Börrnert
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schäffel
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cendrowski
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simha-Martynkova
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plachá
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borowiak-Palen
authors.forename: Gianaurelio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cuniberti
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Büchner