title: Utilization of kidneys from donation after circulatory determination of death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present review describes the recent experience with kidney transplantation using donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) including efforts to expand the potential pool of DCDD donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of DCDD kidneys represents a growing source of kidneys for transplantation in the USA, although not to the same extent as in Europe. Expansion of the potential donor pool has included the use of kidneys with extended time to donor arrest and pediatric donors. The use of machine perfusion for DCDD kidneys has failed to demonstrate significant benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCDD kidneys continue to demonstrate increased rates of delayed graft function and primary nonfunction when compared with kidneys recovered after donation after brain death (DBD) likely due to increased warm ischemic time during recovery. Despite early complications, DCDD kidneys show comparable function and survival after the immediate postoperative period and have been demonstrated to provide a survival benefit to recipients over waiting for DBD kidneys. The effect of machine perfusion on DCDD kidneys may decrease delayed graft function but has no effect on long-term function. Despite concerns, the increasing number of DCDD donors does not appear to be directly responsible for decreased numbers of DBD donors.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. aevenson@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Evenson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003643:Death; D051799:Delayed Graft Function / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D010477:Perfusion; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists