title: Aberrant promoter methylation and inactivation of PTEN gene in cervical carcinoma from Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  PTEN, a tumor-suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q23.3 is implicated in multiple tumors including cervical carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 135 cervical cancer specimens for PTEN gene expression and promoter methylation using methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry and also studied the mutation in PTEN gene through PCR-single-stranded conformational polymorphism. PTEN expression and its methylation status were also correlated with clinicopathologic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed an abnormal band on exon 5 and exon 9 of the PTEN gene. In PTEN gene, 61% specimen showed methylation. PTEN methylation was found in 39% cases of stage I, 60% of stage II, and 75% of stages III-IV. The correlation between PTEN methylation and clinical stage was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.003). Nuclear PTEN expression was detected in 84 of 135 (62%) cases of cervical carcinoma, and the remaining 51 of 135 (38%) cases were observed as expressional loss. The loss of PTEN expression was significantly correlated clinical stage (P = 0.001). Loss of PTEN expression was observed in 34 (41%) cases among 83 methylation positive cases, whereas among 52 methylation-negative cases, only 13 (25%) cases were seen as immunostaining negative with the statistically significant value (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promoter methylation and loss of PTEN expression occur frequently in carcinoma of uterine cervix. Our results suggest that PTEN plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar Marg, New Delhi 110025, India. rizvijmi@gmail.com
authors.forename: M Moshahid Alam
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: M Shabbir
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Asgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Syed Jafar
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.forename: Swaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mandal
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human