title: Rituximab for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While numerous substances have been developed for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over recent years, options are still limited for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this observational study we present clinical and CSF findings in three patients with SPMS who were treated with rituximab for at least 15 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the observation period, no severe adverse effects occurred and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score stabilized in all patients after a dramatic increase over the previous years. In contrast to other publications, we showed that the time to reoccurrence of B cells was very variable and that serial CSF examinations in the course of treatment revealed a decline in intrathecal IgG synthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rituximab seems to be effective in active SPMS. Restitution of the pathogenic immune response after administration of rituximab is variable. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and timing for rituximab therapy in multiple sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Germany. paulus.rommer@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Paulus S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rommer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patejdl
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benecke
authors.forename: Uwe K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Zettl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab