title: Bleeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is linked to serotonin reuptake inhibitors, not aspirin or clopidogrel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an invasive procedure that can result in bleeding. Guidelines recommend discontinuing clopidogrel for 7 to 10 days, but not withholding aspirin, before PEG. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have been associated with an increased risk of GI bleeding.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an association between periprocedural aspirin, clopidogrel, or SRI use and bleeding in patients who underwent PEG tube placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large quaternary-care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 990 patients (525 men) with a median age of 69.8 years who underwent PEG from January 1999 to April 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  PEG tube placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  GI bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (1.6%) had evidence of bleeding during the first 48 hours after PEG, and 12 patients (1.2%) had evidence of bleeding between 48 hours and 14 days after PEG. Thirty-six patients (3.6%) received high-dose aspirin (>325 mg), 27 patients (2.7%) received clopidogrel (75 mg), and 99 patients (10%) received an SRI before PEG. Twenty-four patients (2.4%) received high-dose aspirin, 25 patients (2.5%) received clopidogrel, and 130 patients (13.1%) received an SRI after PEG. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no association between periprocedural use of aspirin (at any dose) or clopidogrel and post-PEG bleeding. However, SRIs administered 24 hours or less before PEG were associated with a significantly higher odds of post-PEG bleeding (adjusted odds ratio 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1-13.4; P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrospective, single-center study with limited statistical power despite a relatively large cohort of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of aspirin or clopidogrel before or after PEG was not associated with procedure-related bleeding. SRI use in the 24 hours before PEG was associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Patrie
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Zachary H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Pop
authors.forename: Kara A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Peura
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Northup
authors.forename: Andrew Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001241:Aspirin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013988:Ticlopidine