title: Antineoplastic effect of iodine and iodide in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors: association between lactoperoxidase and estrogen-adduct production.
abstract: Several groups, including ours, have reported that iodine exhibited antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in various cancer cells only if this element is supplemented as molecular iodine, or as iodide, to cells that are able to oxidize it with the enzyme thyroperoxidase. In this study, we analyzed the effect of various concentrations of iodine and/or iodide in the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) mammary cancer model in rats. The results show that 0.1% iodine or iodide increases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type γ (PPARγ), triggering caspase-mediated apoptosis pathways in damaged mammary tissue (DMBA-treated mammary gland) as well as in frank mammary tumors, but not in normal mammary gland. DMBA treatment induces the expression of lactoperoxidase, which participates in the antineoplastic effect of iodide and could be involved in the pro-neoplastic effect of estrogens, increasing the formation of DNA adducts. In conclusion, our results show that a supplement of 0.1% molecular iodine/potassium iodide (0.05/0.05%) exert antineoplastic effects, preventing estrogen-induced DNA adducts and inducing apoptosis through PPARγ/caspases in pre-cancer and cancerous cells. Since this iodine concentration does not modify the cytology (histology, apoptosis rate) or physiology (triiodothyronine and thyrotropin) of the thyroid gland, we propose that it be considered as an adjuvant treatment for premenopausal mammary cancer.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ofelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anguiano
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrosyan
authors.forename: Edith D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Molina-Servín
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gonsebatt
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aceves
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000187:drug effects*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007455:Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007784:Lactoperoxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004967:Estrogens; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011193:Potassium Iodide; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D007455:Iodine; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D053148:Caspase 3