title: Amblyopia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amblyopia is commonly associated with squint (strabismus) or refractive errors resulting in different visual inputs to each eye during the sensitive period of visual development (<7-8 years of age). The cumulative incidence is estimated at 2% to 4% in children aged up to 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of interventions to detect amblyopia early? What are the effects of medical treatments for amblyopia? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations, such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 33 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: active vision therapy; glasses alone or with occlusion; or penalisation to treat amblyopia; and screening to detect amblyopia early.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000188:drug therapy; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D012030:Refractive Errors; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D013285:Strabismus; D014792:Visual Acuity