title: Fusarium oxysporum Adh1 has dual fermentative and oxidative functions and is involved in fungal virulence in tomato plants.
abstract: An alcohol dehydrogenase gene, adh1, has been identified in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that adh1 is highly expressed in mycelia grown in potato dextrose liquid medium (PDB) under hypoxic conditions, as compared to mycelia grown under aerobic conditions. One spontaneous allyl alcohol-resistant (Ally(R)) mutant exhibited insertion of an incomplete F.oxysporum transposable element, while another mutant contained a short (13 nucleotide) deletion, in both cases interrupting the coding region of the adh1 gene. These mutations caused deficiency in Adh activity due to loss of the main constitutive isoform of Adh1, as well as alteration of different physiological parameters related to carbon and energy metabolism, including the ability to use ethanol as a carbon source under aerobic conditions; impaired growth under hypoxic conditions with glucose as the carbon source; and diminished production of ethanol in glucose-containing medium. Interestingly, the adh1 mutations resulted in a significant delay in fungal disease development in tomato plants. Complementation with the wild-type adh1 allele repaired all defects caused by mutation, indicating that the product of the adh1 gene has dual enzymatic functions (fermentative and oxidative), depending on culture conditions, and is also required for full fungal virulence.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología y, DCNyE, Universidad de Guanajuato. Noria Alta s/n, Guanajuato, México 36000, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alma Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Corrales Escobosa
authors.forename: Rosa Angelica
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rangel Porras
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meza Carmen
authors.forename: Gloria Angélica
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Hernandez
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Torres Guzman
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wrobel
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wrobel
authors.forename: M Isabel G
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Roncero
authors.forename: J Felix
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gutierrez Corona
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D009154:Mutation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase