title: Immunological evaluation of the alcohol-soluble protein fraction from gluten-free grains in relation to celiac disease.
abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy with an immune basis. We established the immune reactivity of the alcohol-soluble fraction from two minor cereals (tef and millet) and two pseudocereals (amaranth and quinoa) which are believed to be nontoxic based on taxonomy. Grains were examined in intestinal T-cell lines (iTCLs), cultures of duodenal explants from HLA-DQ2(+) CD patients and HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice for signs of activation. Our data indicated that tef, millet, amaranth, and quinoa did not show any immune cross-reactivity toward wheat gliadin, and therefore confirming their safety in the diet of CD patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergamo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maurano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzarella
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iaquinto
authors.forename: Immacolata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vocca
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rivelli
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Falco
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gianfrani
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D027721:Amaranthus / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D027465:Chenopodium quinoa / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000276:immunology*; D005983:Glutens; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008897:Panicum / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000276:immunology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D005983:Glutens; D007371:Interferon-gamma