title: Agraffectomy after low rectal stapling procedures for hemorrhoids and rectocele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various sequelae which might lead to reintervention have been described after stapled rectal mucosectomy for hemorrhoids. One potential treatment modality for persistent complaints after stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SHP) or stapling for rectocele is the so-called agraffectomy (removal of the retained staples). This treatment option means a further procedure that can range from removal of the staples through the anoscope to removal of the entire staple line with the associated scar tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to review the published literature, we conducted a search on Medline, Pubmed, and Embase using different terms for "agraffectomy."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, fourteen reports were found, dealing with agraffectomy for various conditions after low rectal stapling for hemorrhoids or rectocele. Agraffectomy is a rarely mentioned treatment option for conditions after SHP. In rectal stenosis with complete occlusion of the rectal lumen, the removal of the stenotic anastomosis and remaining staples seems to be reasonable. The same can be said of the removal of retained staples for rectal bleeding or in order to avoid penile injuries in anal intercourse. In contrast, the collected published reports on agraffectomy in this review only provide low-level evidence that this procedure provides relief for other problems such as incontinence or chronic pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no clear evidence that agraffectomy is indicated if not in case of rectal stenosis and hemorrhage caused by the staples.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Altona, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 1, 22763, Hamburg, Germany. sv.petersen@asklepios.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jongen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwenk
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D020047:Rectocele / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D017792:Surgical Stapling / Q000009:adverse effects*