title: Evaluation of silica-coating techniques for zirconia bonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate silica-coating/silane treatment techniques for zirconia bonding.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 groups of zirconia disks were subjected to different surface treatments: polished or sandblasted by CoJet or alumina, and treatment with silane or zirconia primers (containing phosphate- or phosphonate-monomer). After surface treatments, the zirconia disks were cemented with resin cements and stored in deionized water for 2 hours at 370 degrees C prior to shear bond strength testing. Zirconia surface (polished and unpolished), CoJet sand, Cojet-treated zirconia surface (before and after water rinsing) and representative debonded surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The zirconia surface after silica-coating was examined by Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A non-phosphate-containing resin cement (Choice 2) had almost no bond strength on polished zirconia, while MDP-containing cements (Panavia F2.0) had mild bond strength. After zirconia was sandblasted with CoJet or alumina, bond strengths were slightly increased. Silane treatment did not increase bond strength, while phosphate/carboxylate-based primer (i.e. Exp Z-Prime) doubled the bond strengths. Silica nanoparticles identified by FTIR-ATR spectra, were observed by SEM on the zirconia surface after CoJet treatment. However, these nanoparticles were removed by forceful water stream.
authors.affiliation: BISCO, Inc., 1100 W. Irving Park Road, Schaumburg, IL 60193, USA. Ichen@bisco.com
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Byoung In
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jongryul
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010710:Phosphates; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide