title: Patch testing in children with hand eczema. A 5-year multicentre study in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand eczema is common in children, but affected children are seldom patch tested. Relatively few studies have assessed patch testing in the paediatric population, and none has specifically evaluated its use in hand eczema in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of contact allergy in children with hand eczema, and to identify the most frequent allergens and their relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a 5-year retrospective study of children (aged 0-15 years) with hand eczema tested with the Spanish baseline series at the Dermatology Departments of 11 Spanish hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 11 729 patients were patch tested, of whom 480 were children. Hand eczema was present in 111 (23.1%) of the children and in 3437 (30.5%) of the adults. Of the children with hand eczema, 46.8% had at least one positive reaction in the patch tests. Current relevance was found for 78% of the allergens detected. The most common allergens were nickel sulfate, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mix I. Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis (36%), followed by atopic dermatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allergic contact dermatitis was the most usual diagnosis in our series of children with hand eczema. We recommend patch testing of all children with chronic hand eczema, as is already performed in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante 03010, Spain. fernandotoledoalberola@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-Bravo
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández-Redondo
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De la Cuadra
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giménez-Arnau
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borrego
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carrascosa
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Armario-Hita
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Pedreño
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hervella
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Silvestre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000485:Allergens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004485:Eczema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity; D010328:Patch Tests; D010476:Perfume / Q000009:adverse effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D010476:Perfume; D013844:Thiazoles; C029938:nickel sulfate; D009532:Nickel; C011421:5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one