title: Age-specific eNOS polymorphisms in moyamoya disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a case-control study to investigate whether polymorphisms in eNOS are related to the age-specific onset of moyamoya disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three Korean patients [mean age, 23.0 ± 16.1 years; 59 female (63.4%) and 34 male (36.6%)] with moyamoya disease were consecutively recruited for this study. Three hundred twenty-eight healthy subjects [mean age, 27.7 ± 16.2 years; 217 female (66.2%), 111 male (33.8%)] were consecutively included in the control group. The subjects were divided into pediatric (< 20 years) and adult (≥ 20 years) groups. We further divided the moyamoya group into ischemic and hemorrhagic groups based on clinical and MRI findings. The frequencies and distributions of four eNOS polymorphisms (eNOS -922A>G, -786T>C, 4a4b, and 894G>T) were assessed in pediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease and compared to the frequencies and distribution in the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in eNOS polymorphisms were observed between control and moyamoya disease group. However, we found that the 4a4b sequences was less frequent in the adult group (p = 0.029). Compared to the control group, there were differences in the haplotype distribution of the study group, specifically the A-4b-G haplotype, which was seen more frequently in the adult patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that pediatric and adult-onset moyamoya disease have different genetic backgrounds. These genetic differences can affect age-specific clinical characteristics, such as cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyung Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Tae-Gon
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: In Sun
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Joong-Uhn
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nam Keun
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III