title: Effects of epidural TNF-α inhibitor injection: analysis of the pathological changes in a rat model of chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a single direct epidural injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor to reduce the pathological changes in nerve fiber injuries in a rat model of chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A surgical procedure for CCD was performed in 17 adult male F-344 rats. The effects of the epidural TNF-α inhibitors on CCD-induced pathological changes were investigated. Three groups of rats (n = 17) were used: (1) CCD + saline (n = 4), (2) CCD + triamcinolone (n = 5), and (3) CCD + TNF-α inhibitors (n = 8). Their dorsal root ganglia and nerve roots were removed on postoperative day 14. The intraneural edema, demyelination, and Wallerian degeneration of all 17 rats were scored pathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathology scores of the rats in the TNF-α inhibitor treatment group (1.38 ± 0.74) indicated a mild degree of intraneural edema compared to the saline treatment group (2.25 ± 0.50, p = 0.041). In addition, rats in the TNF-α inhibitor treatment group (2.13 ± 0.35) had a mild degree of demyelination compared to the saline treatment group (2.75 ± 0.50, p = 0.038) and the triamcinolone treatment group (2.80 ± 0.45, p = 0.019). The differences in the pathology scores for Wallerian degeneration were not statistically significant in all three study groups (p = 0.658).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The epidural injection of a TNF-α inhibitor was more effective than a placebo and comparable to triamcinolone in reducing pathological nerve injury progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 300, Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeongi-do 463-707, South Korea.
authors.forename: Na Ra
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su Ryoung
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: In Joon
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: So Dug
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jin Sup
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yeom
authors.forename: Kyung-Hoi
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Wook
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Heung Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D000069285:Infliximab; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008297:Male; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014221:Triamcinolone; D000069285:Infliximab