title: Male accessory gland infection and sperm parameters (review).
abstract: Male accessory gland infection (MAGI) has been identified among those diagnostic categories which have a negative impact on the reproductive function and fertility in males (Rowe et al., World Health Organization Manual for the Standardised Investigation and Diagnosis of the Infertile Couple, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993). MAGI is a hypernym which groups the following different clinical categories: prostatitis, prostate-vesiculitis and prostate-vesiculo-epididymitis. Some of the characteristics they share are: common diseases, mainly have a chronic course, rarely cause obstruction of the seminal pathways, can have an unpredictable intracanicular spread to one or more sexual accessory glands of the reproductive tract, as well as to one or both sides. In this review, we show that all components involving the inflammatory response (from the agents which first trigger it to each component of the inflammatory response dynamic) can deteriorate conventional and/or non-conventional sperm parameters arising from one or more of the following mechanisms: altered secretory function of the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate which reduce the antioxidant properties or scavenging role of the seminal plasma; deterioration of spermatogenesis; and (unilateral or bilateral) organic or functional sub-obstruction of the seminal tract.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine and Master in Andrological, Human Reproduction and Biotechnology Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. sandrolavignera@email.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Vignera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicari
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Condorelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Agata
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Calogero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000150:complications; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000150:complications*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D015497:HIV-1; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000503:physiopathology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species