title: Quality of palliative care at US hospices: results of a national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The National Quality Forum (NQF) identified hospice services as a national priority area for health care quality improvement and endorsed a set of preferred practices for quality palliative and hospice care. This study reports the first national data regarding hospices' self-reported implementation of the NQF preferred practices and identifies hospice characteristics associated with more comprehensive implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a national cross-sectional survey of a random sample of hospices (n=591; response rate, 84%) from September 2008 to November 2009. We evaluated the reported implementation of NQF preferred practices in the care of both patients and families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The range of reported implementation of individual NQF preferred practices among hospices was 45% to 97%. Twenty-one percent of hospices reported having implemented all patient-centered preferred practices, 26% all family-centered preferred practices, and 10% all patient and family-centered preferred practices. In adjusted analyses, large hospices (100 or more patients per day) were significantly more likely than small hospices (<20 patients per day) to report having implemented all patient-centered preferred practices [odds ratio (OR)=2.46; 95% CI, 1.24, 4.90] and all family-centered preferred practices (OR=1.88; 95% CI, 1.02, 3.45). Similarly, chain-affiliated hospices were significantly more likely than free-standing hospices to report having implemented all patient-centered preferred practices (OR=2.45; 95% CI, 1.23, 4.87) and all family-centered preferred practices (OR=1.85; 95% CI, 1.01, 3.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospices' reported implementation of individual preferred practices for palliative and hospice care quality was high; however, reported comprehensive implementation of preferred practices was rare and may be difficult to achieve for small, free-standing hospices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. Melissa.Carlson@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Melissa D A
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCorkle
authors.forename: R Sean
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cherlin
authors.forename: Jeph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Twaddle
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006738:Hospices; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010166:Palliative Care; D057240:Patient Preference; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D014481:United States