title: Evaluation of periodontal status and effectiveness of non-surgical treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan for a 1-year period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The periodontal status and effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred patients with type 2 diabetes (mean ± SD hemoglobin (Hb)A1c level: 7.3% ± 0.94%) and periodontal disease were recruited for this study. The group with moderate-to-severe periodontal disease included patients with >1 tooth with a probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and >2 teeth with a clinical attachment loss (AL) ≥ 6mm, and the group with mild periodontal disease included patients with <1 affected tooth, and >2 affected with a clinical AL ≥ 6mm. Patients (28 patients in the mild group and 72 patients in the moderate-to-severe group) underwent non-surgical periodontal treatments. We analyzed differences in serum concentrations of metabolic parameters (glycated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein), inflammatory parameters (interleukin [IL]-1β and C-reactive protein [CRP]), and periodontal parameters between the two groups before treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients with diabetes (21 patients in the mild group and 54 patients in the moderate-to-severe group) completed the study. Significant differences in the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PD, and clinical AL at examination times were observed in the whole cohort (P <0.05). We observed significant differences in the PI, GI, and PD in the moderate-to-severe group (P <0.05), whereas there was only a significant difference in PD in the mild group (P <0.05) between baseline and 12 months post-treatment. Both groups experienced improved glycemic control, but the difference was insignificant. CRP and IL-1β levels were significantly different at examination times for the whole cohort (P <0.05). No significant positive association among metabolic and inflammatory parameters at 12 months post-therapy were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-surgical periodontal treatment improved and maintained the periodontal health of patients with well-controlled diabetes, but no significant reduction of metabolic parameters was observed over a 1-year period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Auyeung
authors.forename: Pei-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rue-Tsuan
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ching-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Pei-Yu
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rui-Yeh
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D012534:Dental Scaling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL