title: Formation of tungsten oxide nanostructures by laser pyrolysis: stars, fibres and spheres.
abstract: In this letter, the production of multi-phase WO3 and WO3-x (where x could vary between 0.1 and 0.3) nanostructures synthesized by CO2-laser pyrolysis technique at varying laser wavelengths (9.22-10.82 mm) and power densities (17-110 W/cm2) is reported. The average spherical particle sizes for the wavelength variation samples ranged between 113 and 560 nm, and the average spherical particle sizes for power density variation samples ranged between 108 and 205 nm. Synthesis of W18O49 (= WO2.72) stars by this method is reported for the first time at a power density and wavelength of 2.2 kW/cm2 and 10.6 μm, respectively. It was found that more concentrated starting precursors result in the growth of hierarchical structures such as stars, whereas dilute starting precursors result in the growth of simpler structures such as wires.
authors.affiliation: CSIR National Laser Centre, P, O, Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. BMwakikunga@csir.co.za.
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govender
authors.forename: Lerato
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shikwambana
authors.forename: Bonex Wakufwa
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mwakikunga
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sideras-Haddad
authors.forename: Rudolph Marthinus
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Erasmus
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes