title: Effects of carbaryl and 1-naphthol on soil population of cyanobacteria and microalgae and select cultures of diazotrophic cyanobacteria.
abstract: Carbaryl application to soil collected from a rice fallow field was relatively less toxic to viable estimates of cyanobacteria and microalgae under nonflooded conditions than under flooded conditions. Application of 1-naphthol, the hydrolysis product of carbaryl, to soil under both the regimes increased the population of both cyanobacteria and microalgae. Soil application of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in combination, up to 1.0 kg ha(-1), was nontoxic to the viable population. The toxicity exerted by carbaryl and 1-naphthol towards growth, measured in terms of chlorophyll a, and nitrogenase activity was more pronounced in Anabaena spp. than in Nostoc spp.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Mallavarapu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Megharaj
authors.forename: Kadiyala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Venkateswarlu
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naidu
mesh_terms: D017033:Anabaena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D055868:Floods; D006868:Hydrolysis; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009284:Naphthols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D046937:Nostoc / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D009284:Naphthols; D002734:Chlorophyll; C029350:1-naphthol; D009591:Nitrogenase; D012721:Carbaryl; D000077194:Chlorophyll A