title: Positive erotic picture stimuli for emotion research in heterosexual females.
abstract: In most experimental studies, emotional pictures are widely used as stimulus material. However, there is still a lack of standardization of picture stimuli displaying erotic relationships, despite the association between a number of psychological problems and severe impairments and problems in intimate relationships. The aim of the study was to test a set of erotic stimuli, with the potential to be used in experimental studies, with heterosexual female subjects. Twenty International Affective Picture System (IAPS) pictures and an additional 100 pictures showing romantic but not explicitly sexual scenes and/or attractive single males were selected. All pictures were rated with respect to valence, arousal, and dominance by 41 heterosexual women and compared to pictures with negative, positive, and neutral emotional valence. Erotic IAPS pictures and our additional erotic pictures did not differ in any of the evaluation dimensions. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for valence, arousal, and dominance comparing different picture valence categories showed strong effects for category. However, valence was not significantly different between erotic and positive pictures, while arousal and control were not significantly different between positive and neutral pictures. The pictures of our new set are as positive for heterosexual women as highly positive IAPS pictures, but higher in arousal and dominance. The picture set can be used in experimental psychiatric studies requiring high numbers of stimuli per category. Limitations are the restriction of stimuli application to heterosexual females only and to self-report data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. gitta.jacob@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Gitta Anne
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arntz
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Domes
authors.forename: Neele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siep
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001143:Arousal; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020010:Heterosexuality / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult