title: A brief questionnaire on metacognition: psychometric properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing questionnaires on personal views of one's own cognitive functioning are either unduly long, restrict their focus on memory, and/or capture complaints rather than the general status quo. A brief 9-item questionnaire was developed, assessing metacognition with two subscales covering metamemory and metaconcentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was tested in a sample of healthy women (n = 228) aged 70-93 years, during two face-to-face interviews with an interval of 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subscales were confirmed to have factorial validity. While objective cognitive test performance did not predict self-reported everyday functioning, metamemory and metaconcentration accounted for a substantial amount of its variance. The newly developed instrument was shown to be predominantly characterized by latent trait variance components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented questionnaire is advantageous for the assessment of metacognition as it is brief and easily applicable. Since metacognition is highly relevant for sustained independence in old age, the questionnaire is suitable to capture important determining factors in research on aging phenomena and processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. verena.klusmann@charite.de
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klusmann
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heuser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008568:Memory; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*