title: Inhibition of adherence of multi-drug resistant E. coli by proanthocyanidin.
abstract: Proanthocyanidin is commonly used for inhibiting urinary tract infection (UTI) of sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proanthocyanidin on adherence of uropathogenic multi-drug resistant E. coli to uroepithelial cells, which has not yet been investigated so far. Extracts of the purified proanthocyanidin were prepared from dried cranberry juice. Purity and structural assignment of proanthocyanidin was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Subsequently, its affect on multi-drug resistant bacteria as well as quantification of anti-adherence bioactivity on human vaginal and bladder epithelial cells was appraised. Inhibition of adherence to an extent of about 70% with multi-drug resistant E. coli strains was observed on uroepithelial cell. The anti-adherence bioactivity of the proanthocyanidin was detected at concentrations of 10-50 µg/ml with significant bacteriuria. Probable proanthocyanidin through A-type linkages either combines to P-fimbriae of bacterial cells or modifies the structural entity of P-fimbriae and inhibits bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells. The proanthocyanidin exhibited anti-adherence property with multi-drug resistant strains of uropathogenic P-fimbriated E. coli with in vitro study. Hence proanthocyanidin may be considered as an inhibitory agent for multi-drug resistant strains of E. coli adherence to uroepithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 014, India. ashishg24@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Mayank
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mahdi
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nagana Gowda
authors.forename: Chunni Lal
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Khetrapal
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandari
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006384:Hemagglutination / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon; D014621:Vagina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin