title: Diagnosis and treatment of complications related to deep brain stimulation hardware.
abstract: Deep brain stimulation is a therapeutic technique increasingly used in the treatment of a variety of neurological, psychiatric, and pain disorders. Although beneficial, it carries the immediate and long-term risks associated with implanted hardware in the brain parenchyma and subcutaneous tissue. The most common hardware complications include electrode migrations or misplacements, wire fractures, skin erosion, infections, and device malfunction. We systematically reviewed the literature on deep brain stimulation-related complications and propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Our aim is to provide a guide for clinicians and medical staff involved in the treatment of patients with deep brain stimulation for rapid recognition and efficient management of these complications.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. josephj@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: José Fidel
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baizabal Carvallo
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jankovic
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008839:Microelectrodes