title: Disrupted neural synchronization in toddlers with autism.
abstract: Autism is often described as a disorder of neural synchronization. However, it is unknown how early in development synchronization abnormalities emerge and whether they are related to the development of early autistic behavioral symptoms. Here, we show that disrupted synchronization is evident in the spontaneous cortical activity of naturally sleeping toddlers with autism, but not in toddlers with language delay or typical development. Toddlers with autism exhibited significantly weaker interhemispheric synchronization (i.e., weak "functional connectivity" across the two hemispheres) in putative language areas. The strength of synchronization was positively correlated with verbal ability and negatively correlated with autism severity, and it enabled identification of the majority of autistic toddlers (72%) with high accuracy (84%). Disrupted cortical synchronization, therefore, appears to be a notable characteristic of autism neurophysiology that is evident at very early stages of autism development.
authors.affiliation: Autism Center of Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ilan.dinstein@weizmann.ac.il
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dinstein
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solso
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malach
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behrmann
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Courchesne
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003344:Cortical Synchronization / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012016:Reference Values; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology