title: Biochemical and biological characteristics of cross-reacting material 197 CRM197, a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin: use as a conjugation protein in vaccines and other potential clinical applications.
abstract: The biochemical and biological characteristics of CRM(197) are reviewed. Polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccines represent an important technological advancement that allowed for protection against dangerous diseases in vulnerable populations such as infants. The first carrier proteins, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, were chosen in the context of an extensive body of information describing their immunogenicity and safety profiles in clinical use. These carriers perform well, and they require detoxification. A non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin, cross-reacting material 197 (CRM(197)), is a useful carrier protein with several manufacturing and other potential advantages over toxoids. For over a decade, several important and widely used routine childhood glycoconjugate vaccines against serious illnesses, including Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal disease, have employed CRM(197) as carrier protein. Additional clinical applications of CRM(197), as in chemotherapy, also exist.
authors.affiliation: Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics GmbH, Marburg, Germany. Michael.Broeker@novartis.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bröker
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: DeTora
authors.forename: E David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Rino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rappuoli
mesh_terms: D003429:Cross Reactions; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D009154:Mutation; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D014612:Vaccines