title: Omic approaches in environmental issues.
abstract: Biomonitoring requires the application of batteries of different biomarkers, as environmental contaminants induce multiple responses in organisms that are not necessarily correlated. Omic technologies were proposed as an alternative to conventional biomarkers since these techniques quantitatively monitor many biological molecules in a high-throughput manner and thus provide a general appraisal of biological responses altered by exposure to contaminants. As the studies using omic technologies increase, it is becoming clear that any single omic approach may not be sufficient to characterize the complexity of ecosystems. This work aims to provide a preliminary working scheme for the use of combined transcriptomic and proteomic methodologies in environmental biomonitoring. There are difficulties in working with nonmodel organisms as bioindicators when combining several omic approaches. As a whole, our results with heterologous microarrays in M. spretus and suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) in P. clarkii indicated that animals sustaining a heavy pollution burden exhibited an enhanced immune response and/or cell apoptosis. The proteomic studies, although preliminary, provide a holistic insight regarding the manner by which pollution shifts protein intensity in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), completing the transcriptomic approach. In our study, the sediment element concentration was in agreement with the intensity of protein expression changes in C. maenas crabs. In conclusion, omics are useful technologies in addressing environmental issues and the determination of contamination threats.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. bb1abdim@uco.es
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abril
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Laguna
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osuna-Jiménez
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vioque-Fernández
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Cisnal
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chicano-Gálvez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alhama
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Barea
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pueyo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003386:Brachyura / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D013030:Spain; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants