title: European doctorate in biotechnology: Added value for european academia and industry.
abstract: It has long been recognized that educational programs and degrees are not equivalent across Europe. Add to this the fact that Europe consists of many different cultures and languages, then it is not surprising that the free circulation of scientists and their job market in the European Union is severely restricted. This is one of several debated causes for the crisis in European biotechnology, which is in danger of succumbing to the competition of North America, Japan, and some of the developing countries. The Universities (even those tradition-ridden), the European University Association, and the European Commission are aware of the danger and plans are in preparation for sweeping organizational and cultural changes. The problem is how long will it take and how long can we afford to wait? A number of biotechnologists and scientists from several institutions and many countries decided, instead of waiting, to make a preliminary move in the right direction. With the help of the European Commission and using European Molecular Biology Organization, European Federation of Biotechnology, and the European University Rectors as references, the European Association for Higher Education in Biotechnology was founded in 1995 by representatives of universities and research institutes. It awards the additional title of European Doctor to PhD graduates showing excellence in biotechnology and/or related Life Science subjects and who are willing to fulfil a program of studies that is both international and interdisciplinary. The present article reports on the first 9 years of this adventure.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, United Kingdom [Vice-President of the European Federation of Biotechnology and Chairman of the Task Group on Education & Mobility].
authors.forename: C F A
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bryce
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aghion
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hull