title: Classification of Raynaud's disease based on angiographic features.
abstract: Accurate diagnosis and timely management are crucial to avoid an ischaemic consequence in Raynaud's disease. There is, however, no objective classification of this disorder which guides surgical planning in refractory cases. We propose a new classification system to achieve this. From 2003 to 2009, we treated 178 patients (351 hands) who underwent surgical intervention due to an ischaemic consequence. We analysed the angiographic features of the arterial supply of the hand at three levels: (1) radial or ulnar, (2) palmar arch and common digital and (3) digital vessels. Subsequent surgical interventions were tailored according to disease types, and these included combinations of: digital sympathectomy, balloon angioplasty and end-to-end interposition venous or arterial grafting. We classified Raynaud's disease into six types: type I and II involve the radial or ulnar arteries. Type I (27.3%) showed complete occlusion, while type II (26.2%) involved partial occlusion. Type IIIa (27.1%) showed tortuous, narrowed or stenosed common digital and digital vessels. Type IIIb (1.4%) is a subset which involved the digital vessel of the index finger related to exposure to prolonged vibration. Type IV and V showed global involvement from the main to digital vessels. Type IV (13.7%) showed diffused tortuosity, narrowing and stenosis. Type V (4.3%) is the most severe, with paucity of vessels and very scant flow. Nearly half (47%) of the patients had associated systemic disease. This new classification provides objective and valuable information for decision making regarding choice of surgical procedures for the treatment of patients with Raynaud's disease which had failed conservative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-792, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youn Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Siew-Weng
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Heung Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang Ahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013562:Sympathectomy; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide