title: Functions of the cytoplasmic exosome.
abstract: The exosome consists of a core of ten essential proteins that includes the ribonuclease Rrp44p and is present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The cytoplasmic exosome has been extensively characterized in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and some characterization of its metazoan counterpart indicates that most functional aspects are conserved. These studies have implicated the cytoplasmic exosome in the turnover of normal cellular mRNAs, as well as several mRNA surveillance pathways. For this, the exosome needs a set of four proteins that do not partake in nuclear exosome functions. These cofactors presumably direct the exosome to specific cytoplasmic RNA substrates. Here, we review cofactors and functions of the cytoplasmic exosome and provide unanswered questions on the mechanisms of cytoplasmic exosome function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Daneen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: A Alejandra
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Klauer
authors.forename: Borislava
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tsanova
authors.forename: Ambro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Hoof
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012313:RNA; D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex