title: Podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin in Juniperus bermudiana and 12 other Juniperus species: optimization of extraction, method validation, and quantification.
abstract: The lignans podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin are secondary metabolites with potent pharmaceutical applications in cancer therapy. However, the supply of podophyllotoxin from its current natural source, Podophyllum hexandrum, is becoming increasingly problematic, and alternative sources are therefore urgently needed. So far, podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin have been found in some Juniperus species, although at low levels in most cases. Moreover, extraction protocols deserve optimization. This study aimed at developing and validating an efficient extraction protocol of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin from Juniperus species and applying it to 13 Juniperus species, among which some had never been previously analyzed. Juniperus bermudiana was used for the development and validation of an extraction protocol for podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin allowing extraction yields of up to 22.6 mg/g DW of podophyllotoxin and 4.4 mg/g DW deoxypodophyllotoxin, the highest values found in leaf extract of Juniperus. The optimized extraction protocol and HPLC separation from DAD or MS detections were established and validated to investigate podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin contents in aerial parts of 12 other Juniperus species. This allowed either higher yields to be obtained in some species reported to contain these two compounds or the occurrence of these compounds in some other species to be reported for the first time. This efficient protocol allows effective extraction of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin from aerial parts of Juniperus species, which could therefore constitute interesting alternative sources of these valuable metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres (ASUC), Université d'Orléans, Chartres, France. sullivan.renouard@univ-orleans.fr
authors.forename: Sullivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renouard
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Oktavia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hendrawati
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dupre
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doussot
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falguieres
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferroud
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hagege
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamblin
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hano
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018653:Juniperus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011034:Podophyllotoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; C014451:deoxypodophyllotoxin; D011034:Podophyllotoxin