title: Aerobic exercise attenuates pulmonary injury induced by exposure to cigarette smoke.
abstract: It has recently been suggested that regular exercise reduces lung function decline and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among active smokers; however, the mechanisms involved in this effect remain poorly understood. The present study evaluated the effects of regular exercise training in an experimental mouse model of chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (control, exercise, smoke and smoke+exercise). For 24 weeks, we measured respiratory mechanics, mean linear intercept, inflammatory cells and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, collagen deposition in alveolar walls, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, interleukin (IL)-10 and 8-isoprostane in alveolar walls. Exercise attenuated the decrease in pulmonary elastance (p<0.01) and the increase in mean linear intercept (p=0.003) induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Exercise substantially inhibited the increase in ROS in BAL fluid and 8-isoprostane expression in lung tissue induced by cigarette smoke. In addition, exercise significantly inhibited the decreases in IL-10, TIMP1 and CuZn superoxide dismutase induced by exposure to cigarette smoke. Exercise also increased the number of cells expressing glutathione peroxidase. Our results suggest that regular aerobic physical training of moderate intensity attenuates the development of pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke exposure.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1210, 01256-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hizume
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: P J C
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Biselli
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauad
authors.forename: F D T Q S
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004646:Emphysema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C560825:Timp1 protein, mouse; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D016753:Interleukin-10; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse