title: Targeted treatment in primary care for low back pain: the treatment system and clinical training programmes used in the IMPaCT Back study (ISRCTN 55174281).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The IMPaCT Back study (IMplementation to improve Patient Care through Targeted treatment for Back pain) is a quality improvement study which aims to investigate the effects of introducing and supporting a subgrouping for targeted treatment system for patients with low back pain (LBP) in primary care. This paper details the subgrouping for targeted treatment system and the clinical training and mentoring programmes aimed at equipping clinicians to deliver it. THE SUBGROUPING AND TARGETED TREATMENT SYSTEM: This system differs from 'one-size fits all' usual practice as it suggests that first contact health care practitioners should systematically allocate LBP patients to one of the three subgroups according to key modifiable prognostic indicators for chronicity. Patients in each subgroup (those at low, medium or high risk of chronicity) are then managed according to a targeted treatment system of increasing complexity. THE SUBGROUPING TOOLS: Subgrouping tools help guide clinical decision-making about treatment and onward referral. Two subgrouping tools have been used in the IMPaCT Back study, a 9-item version used by participating physiotherapists and a 6-item version used by GPs. The targeted treatments. The targeted treatments include a minimal intervention delivered by GPs (for those patients at low risk of poor outcome) or referral to primary care physiotherapists who can apply physiotherapy approaches to addressing pain and disability (for those at medium risk) and additional cognitive-behavioural approaches to help address psychological and social obstacles to recovery (for those at high risk). THE TRAINING PACKAGES: Building on previous interventions for other pilot studies and randomized trials, we have developed and delivered clinical training and support programmes for GPs and physiotherapists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper describes in detail the IMPaCT Back study's subgrouping for targeted treatment system and the training and mentoring packages aimed at equipping clinicians to deliver it, within the IMPaCT Back study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN55174281.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. g.sowden@cphc.keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sowden
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Kika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konstantinou
authors.forename: Meenee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somerville
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wathall
authors.forename: Nadine E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008611:Mentors; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018579:Patient Selection; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011320:Primary Health Care; D013222:State Medicine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom