title: Addressing schemes of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a European perspective and expert recommendation.
abstract: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes has increasingly been shown to display beneficial effects on glycemic control. SMBG is not only associated with a reduction of hemoglobin A1c but has also been demonstrated to increase patients' awareness of the disease. SMBG has also the potential to visualize and predict hypoglycemic episodes. International guidelines by the International Diabetes Federation, the European Society of Cardiology, and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and also the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes emphasize that SMBG is an integral part of self-management. More recently, two European consensus documents have been published to give recommendations for frequency and timing of SMBG also for various clinical scenarios. Recently, a European expert panel was held to further facilitate and enhance standardized approaches to SMBG. The aim was to present simple, clinically meaningful, and standardized SMBG strategies for type 2 diabetes. The panel recommended a less intensive and an intensive scheme for SMBG across the type 2 diabetes continuum. The length and frequency of SMBG performance depend on the clinical circumstances and the quality of glycemic control. The expert panel also recommended further evaluation of various schemes for SMBG in type 2 diabetes in clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Group, Helmholtz Center, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. oliver.schnell@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alawi
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Battelino
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ceriello
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Diem
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Felton
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grzeszczak
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harno
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kempler
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Satman
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vergès
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005060:Europe; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human