title: Retinoid receptors in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: retinoid X receptor as a potent prognostic factor.
abstract: Retinoids regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in normal and neoplastic tissue. These effects are mainly mediated by two types of nuclear retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR). RXR have been demonstrated to play important roles in esophageal carcinoma, but the expression of RXRβ and RXRγ has not been examined in esophagus. Therefore, we examined the immunoreactivity of all subtypes of RAR and RXR in 53 non-neoplastic esophageal epithelium and 74 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. In non-neoplastic epithelium RARβ immunoreactivity was marked in the basal layer and weak in the suprabasal layer, but immunoreactivity of other retinoid receptors was detected in both of layers. In addition, the status of RARβ and RXRβ immunoreactivity inversely correlated with that of lymph node metastasis (P= 0.0477 and P= 0.0034, respectively); decreased RXRβ immunoreactivity of carcinoma cells was positively associated with adverse clinical outcome of the patients (P= 0.0187). These findings all indicate the important roles of retinoid receptors, especially, RXR in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Japan. fujishima-heya@m5.gyao.ne.jp
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniyama
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Shukiti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satomi
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasano
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors