title: Flavonoids of Enhydra Fluctuans exhibits analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in different animal models.
abstract: Enhydra fluctuans (Compositae), an edible semi aquatic herbaceous vegetable plant, widely used in traditional system of Indian medicine. Total flavonoids of E. fluctuans (TFEF) were screened for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity was studied in acetic acid induced writhing response and by hot plate method in Swiss albino mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was estimated by carrageenan and histamine induced acute inflammation and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced chronic inflammation in rats. Two flavonoids, baicalein 7-O-glucoside and baicalein 7-O-diglucoside, were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction. Oral administration of TFEF at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg provide 27.05 and 55.49% protection respectively in acetic acid induced writhing method. It also increased the pain threshold in mice evidenced by hot plate method. TFEF showed more potent anti-inflammatory activity. The results of this study may be attributed to high free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the flavonoids present in ethyl acetate fraction of Enhydra fluctuans.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, India. santanuin@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Santanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sannigrahi
authors.forename: Upal Kanti
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Mazumder
authors.forename: Dilipkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Mishra Lipsa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Subhasis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maity
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004187:Disaccharides; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C550990:baicalein-7-O-diglucoside; C550991:baicalein-7-O-glucoside; C007650:ethyl acetate