title: Ramp-preserving denoising for conductivity image reconstruction in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography.
abstract: In magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography, among several conductivity image reconstruction algorithms, the harmonic B(z) algorithm has been successfully applied to B(z) data from phantoms and animals. The algorithm is, however, sensitive to measurement noise in B(z) data. Especially, in in vivo animal and human experiments where injection current amplitudes are limited within a few milliampere at most, measured B(z) data tend to have a low SNR. In addition, magnetic resonance (MR) signal void in outer layers of bones and gas-filled organs, for example, produces salt-pepper noise in the MR phase and, consequently, B(z) images. The B(z) images typically present areas of sloped transitions, which can be assimilated to ramps. Conductivity contrasts change ramp slopes in B(z) images and it is critical to preserve positions of those ramps to correctly recover edges in conductivity images. In this paper, we propose a ramp-preserving denoising method utilizing a structure tensor. Using an eigenvalue analysis, we identified local regions of salt-pepper noise. Outside the identified local regions, we applied an anisotropic smoothing to reduce noise while preserving their ramp structures. Inside the local regions of salt-pepper noise, we used an isotropic smoothing. After validating the proposed denoising method through numerical simulations, we applied it to in vivo animal imaging experiments. Both numerical simulation and experimental results show significant improvements in the quality of reconstructed conductivity images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-811, Korea. colee@kaist.edu
authors.forename: Chang-Ock
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kiwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Seonmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hyung Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eung Je
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014054:Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*