title: Embryology of the distal urethra and external genitals.
abstract: Faulty ventral openings of the urethra constitute a broad spectrum of malformations that are subsumed under the term "hypospadia." The normal development of the urethra and the genitals critically depends on the following events: (a) formation of the external genitalia, (b) fate of the cloacal membrane, and (c) formation of the distal urethra. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate these events using microsurgical techniques and scanning electron microscopy in staged rat embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. dietrich.kluth@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kluth
authors.forename: Henning C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fiegel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metzger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008866:Microsurgery; D051381:Rats; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery