title: Terpenoid composition and antifungal activity of three commercially important essential oils against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.
abstract: Hydro-distilled essential oils extracted from three commercially important aromatic plants were analysed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry and subjected to antifungal activity. Fifteen compounds, which accounted for 97.8% of Acorus calamus root oil composition have been identified. Besides the major constituent (Z)-asarone (81.1-92.4%), (Z)-methyl isoeugenol (1.8-2.1%), (Z)-isoelemicin (1.2-1.3%), (E)-asarone (1.0-2.6%), (E)-methyl isoeugenol (0.2-0.4%), (Z)-β-ocimene (0.2-0.4%), elemicin (0.2-0.3%), linalool (0.1-0.9%) and kessane (t-0.2%) were identified. Monoterpenes constituted the main fraction of Origanum vulgare essential oil attaining 90.5% of the total oil composition. p-Cymene (10.3%) was the major component of the monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction while thymol (53.2%) and carvacrol (3.9%) were the most abundant oxygenated monoterpenes among the 33 identified constituents. Cinnamomum tamala leaf oil contained (E)-cinnamaldehyde as the principal component. Quantitative variations in (Z)-cinnamaldehyde (5.8-7.1%), linalool (6.4-8.5%) and (E)-cinnamyl acetate (4.7-5.2%) were significant. The antifungal activity of the hydro-distilled essential oils of A. calamus, O. vulgare and C. tamala were evaluated against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Disc diffusion method was used for the determination of the inhibitory effect. O. vulgare essential oil exhibited the highest activity. Moreover, all three essential oils inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. niger.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Government PG College, Kumaun University, Ramnagar, Nainital 244715, Uttarakhand, India. deepa_ocean1981@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bisht
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chanotiya
authors.forename: Dhirendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D029023:Acorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000032:analysis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D027424:Cinnamomum / Q000737:chemistry*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013729:Terpenes; C012195:asarone; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde