title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in cerebral ischemia in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cerebral ischemia; however, little is known if its therapeutic efficacy may be improved by co-administration of potential modulatory factors in vivo. To explore this possibility, the present study examined the effect of BMMCs and G-CSF on cell proliferation, early neuronal development and neurological function recovery in experimental cerebral ischemia relative to controls that received neither treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemia/infarct area was significantly reduced in BMMCs+G-CSF group relative to animal groups treated with BMMCs only, G-CSF only or saline. Transplanted BMMCs were found to colocalize with the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the immature neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX). The BMMCs+G-CSF group showed increased numerical density of cells expressing PCNA and DCX, improved performance in adhesive sticker removal test and reduced neurological function severity scores relative to other groups in a time-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMMCs and G-CSF co-administration exhibits synergistic beneficial effect over time. This effect could be at least partially related to increased proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells and enhanced host brain regeneration and functional recovery. The results suggest that G-CSF can increase the therapeutic efficacy of BMMCs transplantation in an experimental mouse model of cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Jiang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiang-Nan
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C000714847:Dcx protein, mouse; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor