title: Association between a healthy lifestyle and general obesity and abdominal obesity in an elderly population at high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet, smoking and physical activity are important modifiable lifestyle factors that can influence body weight and fat accumulation. We assessed the relationship between lifestyle and obesity risk in a baseline analysis of the PREDIMED study, a randomized dietary primary prevention trial conducted in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  7000 subjects at high cardiovascular risk were assessed cross-sectionally. A healthy lifestyle pattern (HLP) was determined using a score including: adherence to the Mediterranean diet, moderate alcohol consumption, expending ≥200 kcal/day in leisure-time physical activity, and non-smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inverse linear trends were observed between the HLP-score and body-mass-index (BMI) or waist circumference (p<0.001). The BMI and waist circumference of participants with a HLP-score=4 were, respectively, 1.3 kg/m(2) (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.7) and 4.3 cm (3.1 to 5.4) lower than those of subjects with an HLP≤1. The odds ratios of general obesity and abdominal obesity for an HLP score of 4 compared to an HPL score≤1 were 0.50 (0.42 to 0.60) and 0.51 (0.41 to 0.62), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of four healthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with a lower prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in Mediterranean elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Aloy
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Joan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ballart
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gracia
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortega-Calvo
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores-Mateo
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pintó
authors.forename: María-Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Covas
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009752:Nutritional Status; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology