title: Nine-year incidence and risk factors for retinal vein occlusion in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the long-term cumulative incidence and risk factors for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a population-based cohort study of Japanese.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1998, a total of 1775 individuals aged 40 years or older underwent a baseline eye examination. Of those, 1369 subjects (77.1%) took part in the follow-up eye examination in 2007 and were enrolled in the present study. Each participant underwent a comprehensive examination. The diagnosis of RVO, including branch (BRVO) and central RVO (CRVO), was determined by grading color fundus photographs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for RVO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 9-year cumulative incidence of RVO was 3.0% (2.7% for BRVO and 0.3% for CRVO). The age-specific cumulative incidence of RVO significantly increased with age (P for trend = 0.03). After adjusting for age and sex, higher diastolic blood pressure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were significantly associated with RVO. In multivariate analysis, higher diastolic blood pressure (per 10 mm Hg) (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 2.01) and CKD (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.89) remained independently significant risk factors for RVO. In stratified analysis, the risk of RVO was higher in subjects with CKD than that in subjects without CKD in both the nonhypertension and the hypertension groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the incidence of RVO is higher in Japanese than that in other Asians and Caucasians, and that higher blood pressure and CKD are independent risk factors for RVO in the Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; C019946:creatininase