title: In vitro gas production and dry matter degradability of diets consumed by goats with or without copper and zinc supplementation.
abstract: An in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of copper and zinc supplementation on the amount and rate of gas production, dry matter degradability (IVDMD), utilization of metabolizable energy (ME), and ruminal fermentation patterns using rumen fluid from four Boer male goats as inoculum. The goats were fed twice daily at 07:00 and 19:00 h a total mixed ration containing 10.3 and 22.5 mg/kg DM of Cu and Zn, respectively. This diet was incubated in vitro for 96 h with four treatments being: control, Cu (21.7), Zn (5.6), and Cu-Zn (21.7 and 5.6) which was provided as a mineral premix. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. Rates of gas production (RGP) at 4 (RGP(4h)) and 6 h (RGP(6h)) and gas production (GP) at 24 (GP(24h)) and 48 h (GP(48h)) differed (p < 0.01) among treatments. An addition of Cu increased the RGP(4h), RGP(6h), GP(24h), and GP(48h) (p < 0.0001). The Cu treatment had the highest IVDMD and control the lowest (p < 0.05), and the Cu treatment was the highest values of ME and SCFA. The addition of Cu to the in vitro ruminal fermentation increased gas production and efficiency of energy use.
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km. 67.5 Carretera Federal Toluca-Tejupilco, 51300, Temascaltepec, México, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Fernando
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Armijo
authors.forename: Jaime Jorge
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martínez-Tinajero
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Abdel-Fattah Zeidan Mohamed
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D005740:Gases; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc