title: Evaluation of urinary ribonucleoside profiling for clinical biomarker discovery using constant neutral loss scanning liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: The patterns and levels of urinary excreted ribonucleosides which reflect RNA turnover and metabolism in humans offer the potential for early detection of disease and monitoring of therapeutic intervention. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method employing constant neutral loss (CNL) scanning for the loss of the ribose moiety (132 u) was used to detect ribonucleosides in human urine and to evaluate this analytical platform for biomarker research in clinical trials. Ribonucleosides were stable and not influenced by the time spent at room temperature prior to freezing or long-term storage at -80 °C. Matrix effects caused variation in the mass spectrometer response which was dependent on the concentration of the analysed urine sample. For the use of urinary ribonucleoside profiling in clinical biomarker studies, adjustment of the urine samples to a common concentration prior to sample preparation is therefore advocated. Changes in the mass spectrometer response should be accounted for by the use of an internal standard added after sample preparation. Diurnal variation exceeded inter-day variation of an individual's ribonucleoside profile, but inter-person differences were predominant and allowed the separation of individuals against each other in a multivariate space. Due to considerable diurnal variation the use of spot urine samples would introduce unnecessary variation and should be replaced by the collection of multiple spot urine samples across the day, where possible. Should such a protocol not be feasible, biological intra-day and inter-day variation must be considered and accounted for in the data interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. ft14@leicester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teichert
authors.forename: Swantje
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Hector C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Keun
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Steward
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gescher
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001897:Boronic Acids; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C010686:benzeneboronic acid