title: Lanthanide 4f-level location in AVO(4):Ln(3+) (A = La, Gd, Lu) crystals.
abstract: The spectral properties of LaVO(4), GdVO(4) and LuVO(4) crystals doped with Ce(3+), Pr(3+), Eu(3+) or Tb(3+) have been investigated in order to determine the position of the energy levels relative to the valence and conduction bands of the hosts along the trivalent and divalent lanthanide series. Pr(3+) and Tb(3+) ground state levels are positioned based on the electron transfer energy from those states to the conduction band, the so-called intervalence charge transfer (IVCT). This approach is compared with an alternative model that is based on electron transfer from the valence band to a lanthanide.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Krumpel
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Kolk
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boutinaud
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bettinelli
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dorenbos