title: Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and defect characteristics in Iraqi children.
abstract: BACKGROUND.  Little prevalence data relating to molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) exist for Middle East populations. AIM.  To evaluate the prevalence and the clinical features of MIH in school-aged children residing in Mosul City, Iraq. DESIGN.  A cluster sample of 823 7- to 9-year-old children had their first permanent molars and incisors (index teeth) evaluated using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria for MIH. The examinations were conducted at schools by a calibrated examiner. RESULTS.  Of the children examined, 177 (21.5%) had hypomineralisation defects in at least one index tooth, 153 (18.6%) had at least one affected first molar or first molars and incisors and were considered as having MIH. The most commonly affected teeth were maxillary molars. Demarcated creamy white opacities were the most frequent lesion type. Dental restorations and tooth extraction because of MIH were uncommon. Children with three or more affected teeth were 3.7 times more likely to have enamel breakdown when compared with those children having only one or two affected teeth. CONCLUSIONS.  Molar incisor hypomineralisation was common amongst Iraqi children. Demarcated opacities were more prevalent than breakdown. The severity of the lesions increased with the number of affected teeth. The more severe the defect, the greater the involved tooth surface area.
authors.affiliation: Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Aghareed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanim
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mariño
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manton
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous