title: Vitamin D supplementation and status in infants: a prospective cohort observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin D status in infants depends on supplementation. We examined the vitamin D status in relation to supplementation dose and scheme in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-four infants age 6 months and 98 infants age 12 months (drop out 27%) were investigated. Vitamin D intake (diet, supplements), anthropometry, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) serum concentration at the 6th and 12th months were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin D intake of 1062 ± 694 IU at the 6th month was not different from that at the 12th month (937 ± 618 IU). Vitamin D intake expressed in international units per kilogram of body weight decreased from 141 ± 80 IU/kg at the 6th month to 93 ± 62 IU/kg at the 12th month (P < 0.0001), which was associated with a reduction in 25-OHD from 43 ± 20 ng/mL to 29 ± 12 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.0001). In the subgroup of everyday supplemented infants (n = 43), vitamin D intake decreased from 143 ± 88 IU/kg at the 6th month to 118 ± 60 IU/kg at the 12th month (P < 0.05), which coincided with a reduction of 25-OHD from 40 ± 19 ng/mL to 32 ± 13 ng/mL (P < 0.01). In the subgroup with variable supplementation habits (n = 32), vitamin D intake decreased from 146 ± 79 IU/kg to 77 ± 56 IU/kg (P < 0.001), which was associated with a reduction of 25-OHD from 42 ± 21 ng/mL to 25 ± 8 ng/mL (P < 0.0001). 25-OHD concentration change between the 6th and the 12th months negatively correlated with the 25-OHD level assessed at the 6th month (r = -0.82; P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D supplementation of infants should consider their rapid body weight increment. We postulate vitamin D daily dose close to 100 IU/kg body weight as favorable for infants up to age 12 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich, Warsaw, Poland. p.pludowski@czd.pl
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pludowski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Socha
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karczmarewicz
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zagorecka
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukaszkiewicz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stolarczyk
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piotrowska-Jastrzebska
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kryskiewicz
authors.forename: Roman S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lorenc
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Socha
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol