title: Chondrocytes or adult stem cells for cartilage repair: the indisputable role of growth factors.
abstract: Articular cartilage is easily injured but difficult to repair and cell therapies are proposed as tools to regenerate the defects in the tissue. Both differentiated chondrocytes and adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as cells potentially able to restore a functional cartilage. However, it is a complex process from the cell level to the tissue end product, during which growth factors play important roles from cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, maintenance of the phenotype to induction of MSCs towards chondrogenesis. Members of the TGF-β superfamily, are especially important in fulfilling these roles. Depending on the cell type chosen to restore cartilage, the effect of growth factors will vary. In this review, the roles of these factors in the maintenance of the chondrocyte phenotype are discussed and compared with those of factors involved in the repair of cartilage defects, using chondrocytes or adult mesenchymal stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Cartilage Biology and Engineering Group, IBCP, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, CNRS FRE 3310, IFR128, France. am.freyria@ibcp.fr
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Freyria
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mallein-Gerin
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta