title: Dry matter partitioning models for the simulation of individual fruit growth in greenhouse cucumber canopies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Growth imbalances between individual fruits are common in indeterminate plants such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus). In this species, these imbalances can be related to differences in two growth characteristics, fruit growth duration until reaching a given size and fruit abortion. Both are related to distribution, and environmental factors as well as canopy architecture play a key role in their differentiation. Furthermore, events leading to a fruit reaching its harvestable size before or simultaneously with a prior fruit can be observed. Functional-structural plant models (FSPMs) allow for interactions between environmental factors, canopy architecture and physiological processes. Here, we tested hypotheses which account for these interactions by introducing dominance and abortion thresholds for the partitioning of assimilates between growing fruits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the L-System formalism, an FSPM was developed which combined a model for architectural development, a biochemical model of photosynthesis and a model for assimilate partitioning, the last including a fruit growth model based on a size-related potential growth rate (R(P)). Starting from a distribution proportional to R(P), the model was extended by including abortion and dominance. Abortion was related to source strength and dominance to sink strength. Both thresholds were varied to test their influence on fruit growth characteristics. Simulations were conducted for a dense row and a sparse isometric canopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simple partitioning models failed to simulate individual fruit growth realistically. The introduction of abortion and dominance thresholds gave the best results. Simulations of fruit growth durations and abortion rates were in line with measurements, and events in which a fruit was harvestable earlier than an older fruit were reproduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dominance and abortion events need to be considered when simulating typical fruit growth traits. By integrating environmental factors, the FSPM can be a valuable tool to analyse and improve existing knowledge about the dynamics of assimilates partitioning.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany. wiechers@gem.uni-hannover.de
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiechers
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kahlen
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stützel
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003890:Desiccation; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors