title: Circulating miR-210 predicts survival in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ribonucleotides regulating gene expression. MicroRNAs are present in the blood in a remarkably stable form. We tested whether circulating miRNAs in the plasma of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) at the inception of renal replacement therapy are deregulated and may predict survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We profiled miRNAs using RNA isolated from the plasma of patients with AKI and healthy controls. The results were validated in 77 patients with acute kidney injury, 30 age-matched healthy controls, and 18 critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction by quantitative real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating levels of miR-16 and miR-320 were downregulated in the plasma of kidney injury AKI patients, whereas miR-210 was upregulated compared with healthy controls (all P < 0.0001) and disease controls (miR-210 and miR-16: P < 0.0001; miR-320: P = 0.03). Cox regression (P < 0.05) and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis (P = 0.03) revealed miR-210 as an independent and powerful predictor of 28-day survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating miRNAs are altered in patients with kidney injury AKI. MiR-210 predicts mortality in this patient cohort and may serve as a novel biomarker AKI reflecting pathophysiological changes on a cellular level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. J.M.Lorenzen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Johan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.forename: Jan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kielstein
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hafer
authors.forename: Shashi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kümpers
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faulhaber-Walter
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fliser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thum
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C543800:MIRN210 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs