title: Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy for constipation as the sole indication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is controversy over whether constipation as the only symptom should be an indication for routine diagnostic colonoscopy. The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of abnormal pathology on colonoscopy and to assess the risk factors for colonic neoplasia in patients with constipation but without 'high risk symptoms'.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, single-centre study was conducted on individuals who underwent colonoscopy for constipation as the sole indication between 2005 and 2008. Standardized endoscopic and pathology reports were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 786 patients (595 women, 75.7%; mean age, 57.4±13.5 years) underwent diagnostic colonoscopy for constipation. Forty-three (5.5%) had polyps, of whom 19 (2.4%) had hyperplastic polyps and 19 (2.4%) adenomas. No cancers were found. In patients with adenoma, the detection rate was 2.9% for patients below age 40 years and 1.7% for patients below age 50 years. Older age was associated with a polyp in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Gender, ethnicity and smoking were not associated with polyp or adenoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colonoscopy for patients with constipation as the sole indication had a lower yield of neoplastic lesions than that for patients undergoing routine screening colonoscopy. Colonoscopy in constipation may only be warranted in patients who are over 50 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Obusez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kariv
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis