title: Recent advances in pediatric anesthesia.
abstract: Writing about advances in a field of medicine normally includes some pride about progress which one was witness to or even a participant in. The younger one is, the more enthusiastically every advance is lauded and welcomed. This is human nature and nothing to be complained about. However, when anesthesiologists, having worked and struggled in the field of pediatric anesthesia for about 40 years, look back to past advances, a more realistic, even painful picture comes to mind. There was a price which a considerable number of patients had to pay for progress, ruined health or even death. This experience of decades of practice is rarely presented in the literature but should not be forgotten when we proudly remember advances in pediatric anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Emeritus, Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Children's Hospital Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holzki