title: Relationship between maternal demoralization, wheeze, and immunoglobulin E among inner-city children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior research has linked maternal prenatal and postnatal mental health with the subsequent development of asthma in children. However, this relationship has not been examined in inner-city African Americans and Hispanics, populations at high risk for asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of maternal demoralization with wheeze, specific wheeze phenotypes, and seroatopy among children living in a low-income, urban community.
  
  
  METHODS
  African American and Dominican women aged 18 to 35 years residing in New York City (the Bronx and Northern Manhattan) were recruited during pregnancy (n = 279). Maternal demoralization (ie, psychological distress) was measured both prenatally and postnatally by validated questionnaire. Outcomes included wheeze, transient (birth to 2.5 years of age), late onset (3-5 years), and persistent (birth to 5 years of age), evaluated via questionnaire and total and indoor allergen specific IgE (at birth and ages 2, 3, and 5 years). Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations assessed the association of demoralization with wheeze and atopy. Multinomial regression explored associations between demoralization and specific wheeze phenotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prenatal demoralization significantly predicted overall wheeze (adjusted odds ratio OR, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.14), transient wheeze (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.34-3.76), and persistent wheeze (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.52-4.77). No association was found between demoralization and IgE after adjustment (total IgE: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.74-1.45; any specific IgE: OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.57-1.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this inner-city cohort, prenatal demoralization was associated with transient and persistent wheeze. Understanding how maternal demoralization influences children's respiratory health may be important for developing effective interventions among disadvantaged populations.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Perzanowski
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Whyatt
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kelvin
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.forename: Diurka M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoepner
authors.forename: Frederica P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.forename: Rachel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000276:immunology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E