title: The effect of a low concentration of hypochlorous acid on rhinovirus infection of nasal epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low concentrations of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) have been shown to exhibit both antibacterial and anti-influenza virus activity, but HOCl still has not been used to kill human rhinovirus (HRV). To model the antiviral effect of nasal irrigation with low-level HOCl in patients with the common cold, we tested the effects of a low concentration of HOCl on HRV infection of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were infected with HRV for 24 hours and treated with HOCl three times, for 5 minutes each time, at 12 hour intervals. The effects of HOCl on rhinovirus-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were assessed by ELISA and HRV replication was determined by viral titration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HOCl treatment significantly inhibited HRV-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 and significantly reduced viral titer. The effects of HOCl peaked at 1 minute after HOCl generation and decreased thereafter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vitro findings indicate that nasal irrigation with low-level HOCl solution may improve clinical symptoms in patients with the common cold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong Sang
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hyung Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yong Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid