title: Phthalate exposure during cold plastisol application--a human biomonitoring study.
abstract: The phthalates DEHP (Diethylhexyl phthalate), DiNP (Diisononyl phthalate) and DiDP (Diisodecyl phthalate) are constituents of plastisols. We sought to obtain first data on occupational exposures to the above phthalates by analyzing their metabolites in pre- and post-shift urine samples from 5 workers in a car manufacturing plant engaged in seam sealing with a DINP based plastisol. Pre-shift samples were collected after a work-free period of at least 2 days. As a comparison group we investigated 10 employees from the same plant. The comparison group had phthalate exposures in the range of the general German population. All plastisol workers had post shift values of DiNP and DiDP metabolites that were approx. 20-times higher, and pre-shift values that were approx. 5-10 times higher than those of the general background exposure. Post-shift values of DiNP metabolites were (median [maximum]: OH-MiNP: 117 [442] μg/L; oxo-MiNP: 44.3 [175] μg/L; carboxy-MiNP: 57.8 [286]μg/L), pre shift values were (OH-MiNP: 26 [164] μg/L; oxo-MiNP 12.9 [68.6] μg/L; carboxy-MiNP: 32.3 [103] μg/L), compared to the comparison group (OH-MiNP: 6.2 [33]μg/L; oxo-MiNP: 2.8 [16] μg/L; carboxy-MiNP: 6.5 [31] μg/L). DiDP values were generally lower. Regarding DEHP we found no significant work related exposure. The dermal exposure route might play an important role for phthalates in plastisols, with possible influences on distribution and elimination kinetics and therefore data interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany. koch@ipa-dguv.de
authors.forename: Holger Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Heiko-Udo
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Käfferlein
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stork
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brüning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; C012125:diisononyl phthalate; C032279:phthalic acid; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; C042080:diisodecyl phthalate