title: Suppression of immune responses by nonimmunogenic oligodeoxynucleotides with high affinity for high-mobility group box proteins (HMGBs).
abstract: The activation of innate immune responses by nucleic acids is central to the generation of host responses against pathogens; however, nucleic acids can also trigger the development and/or exacerbation of pathogenic responses such as autoimmunity. We previously demonstrated that the selective activation of nucleic acid-sensing cytosolic and Toll-like receptors is contingent on the promiscuous sensing of nucleic acids by high-mobility group box proteins (HMGBs). From this, we reasoned that nonimmunogenic nucleotides with high-affinity HMGB binding may function as suppressing agents for HMGB-mediated diseases, particularly those initiated and/or exacerbated by nucleic acids. Here we characterize an array of HMGB-binding, nonimmunogenic oligodeoxynucleotides (ni-ODNs). Interestingly, we find that binding affinity is rather independent of nucleotide sequence, but is instead dependent on length and structure of the deoxyribose backbone. We further show that these ni-ODNs can strongly suppress the activation of innate immune responses induced by both classes of nucleic acid-sensing receptors. We also provide evidence for the suppressive effect of an ni-ODN, termed ISM ODN, on the induction of adaptive immune responses and in mouse models of sepsis and autoimmunity. We discuss our findings in relation to the critical role of HMGBs in initiating immune responses and the possible use of these ni-ODNs in therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Tatsuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Yukana
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onoe
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohdan
authors.forename: Tadatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D024002:HMGB Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C503460:Ccl5 protein, mouse; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D024002:HMGB Proteins; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016899:Interferon-beta