title: Cost of non-persistence with oral bisphosphonates in post-menopausal osteoporosis treatment in France.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the last decade, oral bisphosphonates (BP) became the most widely prescribed pharmacologic class for post-menopausal osteoporosis. However, many surveys revealed the important issue of poor persistence with those drugs resulting in a failure of treatment to reduce fracture risk sufficiently. Using a published Markov model, this study analyses the economic impact of non-persistence with bisphosphonates in the context of the introduction of generics in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct costs of vertebral, hip and wrist fracture were assessed and included in an existing 10-year Markov model developed to analyse consequences of non-persistence. Three alternatives of comparison were set: no treatment, real-world persistence, and ideal persistence. Simulated patients' characteristics matched those from a French observational study and the real-world adherence alternative employed persistence data from published database analysis. The risk of fracture of menopausal women and the risk reduction associated with the drugs were based on results reported in clinical trials. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated first between real-world adherence and no treatment alternatives, and second between ideal and real-world persistence alternatives. The cost of non-persistence was defined as the difference between total cost of ideal and real-world persistence alternatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within fractured women population, mean costs of 10-year management of fracture were significantly different between the three alternatives with €7,239 (± €4,783), €6,711 (± €4,410) and €6,134 (± €3,945) in the no-treatment, the real-world and ideal persistence alternatives, respectively (p < 0.0001). Cost-effectiveness ratio for real-world treatment persistence compared with no-treatment alternative was found dominant and as well, alternative of ideal persistence dominated the former. Each ten percentage point of persistence gain amounted to €58 per patient, and extrapolation resulted in a global annual cost of non-persistence of over €30 million to the French health care system, with a substantial transfer from hospital to pharmacy budgets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within term, improving persistence with oral bisphosphonates should be economically dominant on levels currently known in real-world. Given this potential savings, ambitious adherence-enhancing interventions should be considered in osteoporotic patients.
authors.affiliation: CERMES, IFR, INSERM U, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Villejuif, France. cottefe@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: François-Emery
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Cotté
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Pouvourville
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates