title: A targeted metabolic protocol with D-ribose for off-pump coronary artery bypass procedures: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary revascularization using cardiopulmonary bypass is an effective surgical procedure for ischemic coronary artery disease. Complications associated with cardiopulmonary bypass have included cerebral vascular accidents, neurocognitive disorders, renal dysfunction, and acute systemic inflammatory responses. Within the last two decades off-pump coronary artery bypass has emerged as an approach to reduce the incidence of these complications, as well as shorten hospital stays and recovery times. Many patients with coronary artery disease have insulin resistance and altered energy metabolism, which can exacerbate around the time of coronary revascularization. D-ribose has been shown to enhance the recovery of high-energy phosphates following myocardial ischemia. We hypothesized that patient outcomes could improve using a perioperative metabolic protocol with D-ribose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A perioperative metabolic protocol was used in 366 patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass during 2004-2008. D-ribose was added in 308 of these 366 patients. Data were collected prospectively as part of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database and retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  D-ribose patients were generally similar to those who did not receive D-ribose. There was one death, two patients suffered strokes and renal failure requiring dialysis occurred in two patients postoperatively among the entire group of patients. D-ribose patients enjoyed a greater improvement in cardiac index postrevascularization compared with non-D-ribose patients (37% vs. 17%, respectively, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This metabolic protocol was associated with very low mortality and morbidity with a significant early postoperative improvement in cardiac index using D-ribose supplementation. These preliminary results support a prospective randomized trial using this protocol and D-ribose.
authors.affiliation: Saddleback Memorial Medical Center, Laguna Hills, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Perkowski
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: St Cyr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000379:methods*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012266:Ribose / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012266:Ribose