title: Toxicology today: what you need to know now.
abstract: Clinicians are frequently confronted with toxicological emergencies and challenged with the task of correctly identifying the possible agents involved and providing appropriate treatments. In this review article, we describe the epidemiology of overdoses, provide a practical approach to the recognition and diagnosis of classic toxidromes, and discuss the initial management strategies that should be considered in all overdoses. In addition, we evaluate some of the most common agents involved in poisonings and present their respective treatments. Recognition of toxidromes with knowledge of indications for antidotes and their limitations for treating overdoses is crucial for the acute care of poisoned patients.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. lams@ccf.org
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Engebretsen
authors.forename: Seth R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003422:Critical Care; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000628:therapy*; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy*; D011042:Poisons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014116:Toxicology / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D011042:Poisons