title: Sleep and synaptic homeostasis: structural evidence in Drosophila.
abstract: The functions of sleep remain elusive, but a strong link exists between sleep need and neuronal plasticity. We tested the hypothesis that plastic processes during wake lead to a net increase in synaptic strength and sleep is necessary for synaptic renormalization. We found that, in three Drosophila neuronal circuits, synapse size or number increases after a few hours of wake and decreases only if flies are allowed to sleep. A richer wake experience resulted in both larger synaptic growth and greater sleep need. Finally, we demonstrate that the gene Fmr1 (fragile X mental retardation 1) plays an important role in sleep-dependent synaptic renormalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bushey
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tononi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006706:Homeostasis; D008297:Male; D024521:Mushroom Bodies / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009479:Neuropeptides; C467328:FMR1 protein, Drosophila; C113883:pdf protein, Drosophila