title: Adenosine receptor subtypes and the heart failure phenotype: translating lessons from mice to man.
abstract: Adenosine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and in myocardial protection during ischemia and reperfusion. The action of adenosine in the heart is mediated by four G-protein-coupled receptors: A(1)-AR and A(3)-AR, which act via Gα(1), and A(2A)-AR and A(2B)-AR, which act via Gα(s). Understanding of cellular signaling pathways triggered by adenosine has been complicated by the availability of only partially specific adenosine agonists/antagonists. Adenosine signaling appears to be at times redundant in receptor function, and cellular signaling pathways for adenosine are multiple, parallel, and interrelated. Data obtained about the specific role of individual adenosine receptors, through the genetic modulation of receptors in murine hearts have provided important information about the role of adenosine receptors in the heart. Here we review existing data and present new results that clarify the function of individual adenosine receptors in the heart and their role in the development of left ventricular dysfunction, and about the downstream signaling systems that are modified by adenosine receptor activation.
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Medical College, Department of Medicine, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 822, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Arthur.feldman@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Ellina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cheksis-Feiner
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamad
authors.forename: Tung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1