title: Symptomatic therapy in multiple sclerosis: a review for a multimodal approach in clinical practice.
abstract: As more investigations into factors affecting the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are undertaken, it is becoming increasingly apparent that certain comorbidities and associated symptoms commonly found in these patients differ in incidence, pathophysiology and other factors compared with the general population. Many of these MS-related symptoms are frequently ignored in assessments of disease status and are often not considered to be associated with the disease. Research into how such comorbidities and symptoms can be diagnosed and treated within the MS population is lacking. This information gap adds further complexity to disease management and represents an unmet need in MS, particularly as early recognition and treatment of these conditions can improve patient outcomes. In this manuscript, we sought to review the literature on the comorbidities and symptoms of MS and to summarize the evidence for treatments that have been or may be used to alleviate them.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: João Carlos Correia
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Sa
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Airas
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bartholome
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grigoriadis
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mattle
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oreja-Guevara
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sellebjerg
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stankoff
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vass
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walczak
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiendl
authors.forename: Bernd C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kieseier