title: Sam68 expression and cytoplasmic localization is correlated with lymph node metastasis as well as prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was aimed at investigating the role and molecular mechanism of Sam68 in cervical cancer lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sam68 expression profile was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Short hairpin RNA interfering approach was employed to suppress endogenous Sam68 expression in cervical cancer cells to determine its role in metastasis and the possible mechanism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sam68 expression in cervical cancer was significantly up-regulated at both messenger RNA and protein levels compared with that in normal cervical tissues. The high expression level of Sam68 and its cytoplasmic localization were significantly associated with risk factors including pelvic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), and served as independent prognostic factors for predicting shortening of the overall survival time and disease-free survival time in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Moreover, down-regulation of Sam68 in cervical cancer cells remarkably inhibited cellular motility and invasion. In addition, down-regulation of Sam68 reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibiting the Akt/ GSK-3β/Snail pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that Sam68 could induce cervical cancer lymph node metastasis through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and Sam68 expression profile possessed the potential to serve as predictors of pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Laura Biotech Co., Ltd, Guangzhou.
authors.forename: T-J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: Q-D
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: X-H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University. Electronic address: liujh@sysucc.org.cn.
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University. Electronic address: lb.song1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: L-B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C489559:KHDRBS1 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins