title: Regulation of GPCR activity, trafficking and localization by GPCR-interacting proteins.
abstract: GPCRs represent the largest family of integral membrane proteins and were first identified as receptor proteins that couple via heterotrimeric G-proteins to regulate a vast variety of effector proteins to modulate cellular function. It is now recognized that GPCRs interact with a myriad of proteins that not only function to attenuate their signalling but also function to couple these receptors to heterotrimeric G-protein-independent signalling pathways. In addition, intracellular and transmembrane proteins associate with GPCRs and regulate their processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, trafficking to the cell surface, compartmentalization to plasma membrane microdomains, endocytosis and trafficking between intracellular membrane compartments. The present review will overview the functional consequence of β-arrestin, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPS), regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS), GPCR-associated sorting proteins (GASPs), Homer, small GTPases, PSD95/Disc Large/Zona Occludens (PDZ), spinophilin, protein phosphatases, calmodulin, optineurin and Src homology 3 (SH3) containing protein interactions with GPCRs.
authors.affiliation: J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaThe Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhaes
authors.affiliation: J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaThe Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology, Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, CanadaThe Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen Sg
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism; D054768:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D021381:Protein Transport; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019390:Arrestins; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D054768:G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins