title: The immunomodulatory properties of viable Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius CECT5713 are not restricted to the large intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to better characterise the biological effects of Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius CECT5713, a probiotic with immunomodulatory properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Live or dead probiotic was assayed in the TNBS model of rat colitis to determine whether viability was a requisite to exert the beneficial effects. In vitro studies were also performed in Caco-2 cells to evaluate its effects on epithelial cell recovery and IL-8 production. Finally, the probiotic was assayed in the LPS model of septic shock in mice to establish its effects when there is an altered systemic immune response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The viability of the probiotic was required for its anti-inflammatory activity. The probiotic inhibited IL-8 production in stimulated Caco-2 cells and facilitated the recovery of damaged intestinal epithelium. In LPS-treated mice, the probiotic inhibited the production of TNFα in plasma and lungs and increased the hepatic glutathione content. These effects were associated with an improvement in the altered production of the T-cell cytokines in splenocytes, by reducing IL-2 and IL-5 and by increasing IL-10. Finally, it reduced the increased plasma IgG production in LPS-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-inflammatory effects of viable L. salivarius ssp. salivarius CECT5713 are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arribas
authors.forename: Natividad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garrido-Mesa
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perán
authors.forename: Desirée
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camuesco
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comalada
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bailón
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xaus
authors.forename: Laurens
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kruidenier
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarzuelo
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cabezas
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gálvez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003092:Colitis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000382:microbiology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005978:Glutathione