title: Effect of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training on TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 wk of resistance training (RT), endurance training (ET), and concurrent training (CT) on inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), and functional capacity in sedentary middle-age men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy subjects were randomized into RT (n = 11), ET (n = 12), CT (n = 11), and a control group (n = 13). The subjects performed three weekly sessions lasting about 60 min for 16 wk. Maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured in an incremental exercise test. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal strength was increased after 16 wk, with no differences between RT and CT. VO2peak increased in ET and CT comparing before and after training. There were no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP comparing before and after training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sixteen weeks of RT, ET, or CT in middle-age healthy men has not affected low and moderate IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP levels. CT performed in the same weekly frequency and session duration of ET and RT was effective in increasing both maximal strength and VO2peak, in addition to improvements in lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. cleiton.libardi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cleiton Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Libardi
authors.forename: Giovana Vergínia
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Claudia Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cavaglieri
authors.forename: Vera Aparecida
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Madruga
authors.forename: Mara Patrícia Traina
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Chacon-Mikahil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein