title: Increasing chloramphenicol resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Papua New Guinean children with acute bacterial meningitis.
abstract: In Papua New Guinean (PNG) children with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM), all Haemophilus influenzae isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates had a median chloramphenicol MIC of 3 μg/ml, it was ≥4 μg/ml in 42.8%, and the likelihood of an area under the 24-hour concentration-time curve/MIC ratio of >100 h at a MIC of ≥4 μg/ml was approximately 50%. All isolates were ceftriaxone sensitive. These data support ceftriaxone rather than conventional chloramphenicol for all PNG children with suspected ABM.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Laurens
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Moses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laman
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Greenhill
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siba
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Timothy M E
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002701:Chloramphenicol