title: Cholesterol-lowering activity of the major polyphenols in grape seed.
abstract: The major polyphenols in grape seed have been shown to have beneficial health effects in the prevention of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. In this present study, we investigated the cholesterol-lowering activity of three major polyphenolic compounds found in grape seed. The results showed that gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin significantly inhibited pancreatic cholesterol esterase in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, they bound to taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid at levels ranging from 38.6% to 28.2%. At the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin reduced the formation of cholesterol micelles 27.26 ± 2.17%, 11.88 ± 0.75%, and 19.49 ± 3.71%, respectively. These findings clearly demonstrate that three major polyphenolic compounds present in a particular grape seed have cholesterol-lowering activity by inhibiting pancreatic cholesterol esterase, binding of bile acids, and reducing solubility of cholesterol in micelles which may result in delayed cholesterol absorption.
authors.affiliation: The Medical Food Research and Development Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. amppam10@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sathaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ngamukote
authors.forename: Kittana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mäkynen
authors.forename: Thavaree
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thilawech
authors.forename: Sirichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adisakwattana
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008823:Micelles; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005419:Flavonoids; D008823:Micelles; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002784:Cholesterol; D002787:Sterol Esterase