title: [Dust concentration analysis in non-coal mining. Exposure evaluation based on measurements performed by occupational hygiene laboratories in the years 2001-2005 in Poland].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-coal mining includes the extraction of materials for construction (stone, gravel, sand and clay), chemical industry (salt and sulfur), metallurgy (metal ores, uranium and thorium) and other mining and quarrying. Regardless of the type of mining company one of the most common health hazards in this sector is exposure to high concentrations of dust occurring during the extraction of materials. Such activities as drilling, use of blasting agents, processing of raw material, its transportation and loading are the source of large amounts of dust containing crystalline silica.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on exposure to dust, collected by industrial hygiene laboratories on the basis of dust concentration measurements in the work environment, were obtained from the sanitary inspection service. The analysis of dust concentrations at workplaces in non-coal mining covered the years 2001-2005. The average concentration of inhalable and respirable dust and the degree of results dispersion at workposts in different branches of non-coal mining (according to NACE rev1.1) were evaluated. Also there was estimated the percentage of surveys indicating dust concentrations above hygiene standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 5000 measurements of dust concentrations were performed in the years under study. The highest concentration of inhalable dust was noted for the production of salt (5.51 mg/m3), other mining and quarrying (4.30 mg/m3) and quarrying of slate (3.77 mg/m3). For respirable dust the highest concentrations were noted in other mining and quarrying (1.10 mg/m3), quarrying of slate (1.09 mg/m3) and quarrying of stone (0.81 mg/m3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to high concentrations of dust during the extraction of non-carbon is still an important hazard to human health. Almost for all workposts under study the excess of hygiene standards were observed.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Srodowiskowych Zagrozeń Zdrowia, Instytut Medycyny Pracy im prof. J. Nofera, Łódź. stellab@imp.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bujak-Pietrek
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mikołajczyk
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szadkowska-Stańczyk
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D007753:Laboratories; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008906:Mining / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust