title: Increased plasma fructosamine concentrations in laminitic horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of plasma fructosamine concentration ([fructosamine]) as a marker of abnormal glucose homeostasis in laminitic horses has not been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Plasma fructosamine concentration may be higher amongst laminitic horses than normal horses; this might relate to underlying insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1) To compare [fructosamine] between laminitic and normal horses. 2) To investigate associations between [fructosamine] at presentation in laminitic horses with a) single sample markers of insulin resistance and b) outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma fructosamine concentration, fasting serum insulin concentration (insulin) and fasting plasma glucose concentration (glucose) were measured in 30 horses that presented with laminitis. Clinical details and follow-up data were recorded. Plasma fructosamine concentration was also measured in 19 nonlaminitic control horses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laminitic horses had significantly higher mean [fructosamine] than normal horses (P<0.001). Thirteen of 30 laminitic horses had fasting hyperinsulinaemia, 2/30 had fasting hyperglycaemia. Statistically significant univariable correlations were identified between [fructosamine] and [glucose], [insulin] and the proxies RISQI and MIRG. Trends for association between [fructosamine] and negative outcome did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased mean [fructosamine] in laminitic horses may represent abnormal glycaemic control and [fructosamine] may become a clinically useful marker.
authors.affiliation: Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Maidstone, UK. e.j.knowles@gmail.com
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Withers
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mair
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood*; D006724:Hoof and Claw; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019270:Fructosamine