title: Polymorphism analysis of csd gene in six Apis mellifera subspecies.
abstract: The complementary sex determination (csd) gene is the primary gene determining the gender of honey bees (Apis spp). In this study we analyzed the polymorphism of csd gene in six Apis mellifera subspecies. The genomic region 3 of csd gene in these six A. mellifera was cloned, and identified. A total of 79 haplotypes were obtained from these six subspecies. Analysis showed that region 3 of csd gene has a high level of polymorphism in all the six A. mellifera subspecies. The A. m. anatolica subspecies has a slightly higher nucleotide diversity (π) than other subspecies, while the π values showed no significant difference among the other five subspecies. The phylogenetic tree showed that all the csd haplotypes from different A. mellifera subspecies are scattered throughout the tree, without forming six different clades. Population differentiation analysis showed that there are significant genetic differentiations among some of the subspecies. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed that the A. m. caucasica and A. m. carnica have the closest relationship, followed by A. m. ssp, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carpatica and A. m. anatolica that were gathered in the tree in turn.
authors.affiliation: Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zilong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Weiyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhijiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics*; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019849:Sex Determination Processes / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers