title: Can upper extremity functional tests predict the softball throw for distance: a predictive validity investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the relationships between performance tests and sport activity is important to the rehabilitation specialist. The purpose of this study was two- fold: 1) To identify if relationships exist between tests of upper body strength and power (Single Arm Seated Shot Put, Timed Push-Up, Timed Modified Pull-Up, and The Davies Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and the softball throw for distance), 2) To determine which variable or group of variables best predicts the performance of a sport specific task (the softball throw for distance).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty subjects (111 females and 69 males, aged 18-45 years) performed the 5 upper extremity tests. The Pearson product moment correlation and a stepwise regression were used to determine whether relationships existed between performance on the tests and which upper extremity test result best explained the performance on the softball throw for distance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations (r=.33 to r=.70, p=0.001) between performance on all of the tests. The modified pull-up test was the best predictor of the performance on the softball throw for distance (r(2)= 48.7), explaining 48.7% of variation in performance. When weight, height, and age were added to the regression equation the r(2) values increased to 64.5, 66.2, and 67.5 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that several upper extremity tests demonstrate significant relationships with one another and with the softball throw for distance. The modified pull up test was the best predictor of performance on the softball throw for distance.
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Negrete
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hanney
authors.forename: Morey J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kolber
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riemann