title: Vibrio cholerae O1 infection induces proinflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses in blood and intestinal mucosa of infected humans.
abstract: Vibrio cholerae O1 is a noninvasive enteric pathogen and serves as a model for studies of mucosal immunity. Although symptomatic V. cholerae infection induces durable protection against subsequent disease, vaccination with oral killed whole-cell V. cholerae stimulates less long-lasting protection against cholera. In this study, we demonstrated that cholera induces an early proinflammatory cellular immune response that results in priming of Th1- and Th17-type cytokine responses to ex vivo antigenic stimulation and an increase in the ratio of Th1 to Th2 CD4(+) T-cell responses. Comparable priming of Th1 and Th17 responses, with an increased ratio of Th1 to Th2 CD4(+) T-cell responses, was not observed in subjects who received two doses of the oral cholera vaccine Dukoral (a whole-cell cholera toxin B subunit containing [WC-CTB] vaccine). These findings suggest that natural V. cholerae infection induces an early, proinflammatory cellular immune response, despite the apparent lack of clinical signs of inflammation. The failure of the WC-CTB vaccine to activate equivalent, CD4(+) T-cell responses is a potential explanation for the shorter duration of protection following immunization with this vaccine. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these early T-cell-mediated events predict the subsequent duration of immunologic memory.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuchta
authors.forename: Taibur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Sennott
authors.forename: Taufiqur R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bhuyian
authors.forename: Taher
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Rasheduzzaman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rashu
authors.forename: Fahima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Ashraf I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arifuzzaman
authors.forename: Ana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Podolsky
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: LaRocque
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Calderwood
authors.forename: Firdausi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001769:Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002771:Cholera / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines