title: A new enteral diet, MHN-02, which contains abundant antioxidants and whey peptide, protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory or oxidative stress is related to various diseases, including not only inflammatory diseases, but also diabetes, cancer, and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a new enteral diet, MHN-02, which contains abundant antioxidants and whey peptide. The study also investigated the ability of MHN-02 to attenuate lethality, liver injury, the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the production of oxidized products using a carbon tetrachloride-induced rat model of severe fulminant hepatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet or the MHN-02 diet for 14 days and injected with 2 mL/kg of carbon tetrachloride. Survival of rats was monitored from day 0 to day 3. To evaluate liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress, blood and liver samples were collected, and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and superoxide dismutase activity as a free radical scavenger were measured. A portion of the liver was evaluated histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rates of rats receiving the MHN-02 diet and the control diet were 90% and 55%, respectively. In the MHN-02 diet group, levels of serum liver enzymes and serum cytokines were significantly lower than in the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity in the MHN-02 diet was significantly higher in the MHN-02 group. Pathological lesions were significantly larger in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of enteral diets containing whey peptide and antioxidants may protect against severe hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Crisis Management, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. ttakayan@live.jp
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuochi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirate
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azami
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobue
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000097:blood; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008894:Milk Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase