title: Pharmacogenetics and rational drug use around the world.
abstract: The WHO embraces evidence-based medicine to formulate an essential medicines list (EML) considering disease prevalence, drug efficacy, drug safety and cost-effectiveness. The EML is used by developing countries to build a national formulary. As pharmacogenetics in developed countries evolves, the Pharmacogenetics for Every Nation Initiative (PGENI) convened with representatives from China, Mexico, Ghana and South Africa in August 2009 to evaluate the use of human pharmacogenetics to enhance global drug use policy. The diseases causing mortality, the lack of integration of pharmacovigilance at the national formulary level, the pharmacogenetics research agenda and pharmacogenetics clinician education did not differ greatly among the countries. While there are many unanswered questions, systematically incorporating pharmacogenetics at the national formulary level promises to improve global drug use.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, CB #7361, 120 Mason Farm Road, 1092 Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7361, USA. mroederer@unc.edu
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Roederer
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Giron
authors.forename: Kusha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalideen
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kudzi
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000592:standards; D003906:Developing Countries; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000592:standards*; D044382:Population Groups; D014944:World Health Organization