title: Prognostic factors in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract after radical nephroureterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors for survival in patients treated surgically for transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UUT-TCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 87 patients (64 men and 23 women, mean age of 62.2 years) with UUT-TCC who had undergone radical nephroureterectomy at our institution between June 1994 and June 2009. The median follow-up period was 32 months. The prognostic significance of various clinicopathological variables for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 87 patients, 21 patients (24.1%) developed local recurrence or distant metastasis and 16 patients (18.4%) died of disease during the follow-up period. The 5-year recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival rates were 74.6% and 75.2%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, hydronephrosis, T stage, N stage, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival. In the multivariate analysis, T stage and LVI were independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T stage and LVI are independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival in patients with UUT-TCC treated by radical nephroureterectomy. These findings would be helpful for guiding decisions about adjuvant therapies and the surveillance interval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seok Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Young Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim