title: Recovery of phenolic compounds from grape seeds: effect of extraction time and solid-liquid ratio.
abstract: The aim of this research was to study the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape seeds, by-products from winemaking industries, using ethanolic solid-liquid extraction. For such a purpose, the combined effects of the extraction time (9, 19 and 29 h) and the solid-liquid ratio (0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 gdw mL(-1)), were investigated (where dw = dry waste). Results demonstrated that Pinot Noir seeds had high levels of both total polyphenols (73.66 mg(Gallic Acid Equivalent) gdw(-1)) and flavonoids (30.90 mg(Catechin Equivalent) gdw(-1)), being the optimum extraction time 19 h approximately. The main phenolic compounds analysed with high performance liquid chromatography were catechin and quercetin with a maximum extraction yield obtained at 29 h (362.23 and 339.35 mg/100 gdw, respectively). Concentration of the polyphenols and their antiradical powers are demonstrated to have a significant linear correlation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Process Engineering G.B. Bonino, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy. alessandro.casazza@unige.it
authors.forename: Alessandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Casazza
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aliakbarian
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perego
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D010851:Picrates; D059808:Polyphenols; D000431:Ethanol; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl