title: Laboratory evaluation of a SpectraMax microplate reader and test strips for field measurement of creatinine in spot urine samples in the event of a radiological accident.
abstract: The fear that terrorists might use radiological or nuclear (RN) devices to attack others is a new but growing phenomenon, arising mainly from the events of 11 September 2001. Research on rapid analytical methods that can allow analyses of large numbers of people who may become internally contaminated with radionuclides due to a RN accident is still limited. To contribute to this bioassay capacity for emergency response, the Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada has identified and evaluated two new portable SpectraMax plate readers (model 250 and Plus 384) and one brand of dry reagent strips for rapid measurement of creatinine in spot urine samples. Concentrations of creatinine in spot urine samples provide a means of adjusting or normalizing urine collections to 24 h, upon which accurate internal dose assessments due to the radionuclides can be made. Preliminary test results of the devices showed the two SpectraMax plate readers and the TECO dry creatinine reagent strips were portable, rapid and reliable for urinary creatinine measurements in spot samples, suggesting they can be used in rapid dose screening of people.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 1C1. joseph-n-daka@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Daka
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moodie
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000592:standards; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000652:urine*; D011934:Reagent Strips / Q000592:standards; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D011934:Reagent Strips; D003404:Creatinine