title: Striving to be in the profession and of It: the African American experience in physical education and kinesiology.
abstract: This study analyzes the experiences of African Americans in the physical education and kinesiology profession since the late 1850s. Using a variety of primary and secondary source material, we place special emphasis on the experiences of African American physical educators in higher education and in the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and its southern, regional, and state chapters. Apparent from this examination is that African Americans have experienced various forms of racially discriminatory practices in physical education and kinesiology and have found it extraordinarily difficult to assume leader ship positions in the profession and be acknowledged for their scholarly and academic accomplishments.
authors.affiliation: School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA. dwiggin1@gmu.edu
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Brenda P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Wiggins
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D018953:Kinesiology, Applied / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history*; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history*; D011287:Prejudice; D012952:Societies / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history*