title: VO2 prediction and cardiorespiratory responses during underwater treadmill exercise.
abstract: We compared cardiorespiratory responses to exercise on an underwater treadmill (UTM) and land treadmill (LTM) and derived an equation to estimate oxygen consumption (VO2) during UTM exercise. Fifty-five men and women completed one LTM and five UTM exercise sessions on separate days. The UTM sessions consisted of chest-deep immersion, with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% water-jet resistance. All session treadmill velocities increased every 3 min from 53.6 to 187.8 m x min(-1). Cardiorespiratory responses were similar between LTM and UTM when jet resistance for UTM was 50%. Using multiple regression analysis, weight-relative VO2 could be estimated as: VO2 (mLO2 c kg(-1) x min(-1)) = 0.19248 x height (cm) + 0.17422 x jet resistance (% max) + 0.14092 x velocity (m x min(-1)) -0.12794 x weight (kg)-27.82849, R2 = .82. Our data indicate that similar LTM and UTM cardiorespiratory responses are achievable, and we provide a reasonable estimate of UTM VO2.
authors.affiliation: Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. npg6a@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Aaron F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Carbuhn
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Crouse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water