title: Improving erythropoietin-stimulating agent administration in a multihospital system through quality improvement initiatives: a pre-post comparison study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  : Erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) use is associated with serious adverse events in patients with hemoglobin levels of 12 g/dL or higher at the time of administration. Our aim was to determine whether inappropriate ESA use has changed over time since the implementation of new drug warning alerts and local quality improvement initiatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  : We performed a retrospective review of ESA administration practices at Memorial Hermann Healthcare System (Houston, Tex). Our primary outcome measure was the proportion of inpatient encounters (one entire inpatient hospital stay) with 1 or more inappropriate uses of ESA (defined as ESA administration for a patient with hemoglobin ≥12 g/dL). We analyzed the potential influence of local and national interventions on ESA utilization patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Between May 1, 2006, and May 31, 2009, 15,642 inpatients were treated with ESAs in our system. We classified inpatients as before intervention (n = 6350) and after intervention (n = 9292) based on the date of implementation of a synchronous alert in the electronic medical record. We found a significant decrease in inappropriate ESA administration before to after intervention (9.03%-6.21%; P < 0.001), which can be translated into a 31.25% (05% CI, 21.93%-40.75%) relative risk reduction. Reduced odds ratios for inappropriate ESA use changed little after controlling for relevant demographic variables and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Following several quality improvement interventions to improve patient safety related to ESA use, we found a significant reduction in inappropriate ESA administration to inpatients in a large health care system.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Hermann Healthcare System, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Mano S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Selvan
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Sittig
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Cody C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M Michael
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shabot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D005260:Female; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009096:Multi-Institutional Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D006454:Hemoglobins