title: Seventeen-year clinical outcome of schizophrenia in Bali.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the 17-year clinical outcome of schizophrenia and its predictors in Bali.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 59 consecutively admitted first-episode schizophrenia patients. Their clinical outcome was evaluated by standardized symptomatic remission criteria based on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and operational functional remission criteria at 17-year follow-up. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) over 17 years was also calculated as another index of clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among these 59 patients, 43 (72.9%) could be followed-up, 15 (25.4%) had died, and one (1.7%) was alive but refused to participate in the study. Combined remission (i.e. symptomatic and functional remission) was achieved in 14 patients (23.7% of original sample). Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was a significant baseline predictor of combined remission. Mean age at death of deceased subjects was 35.7, and SMR was 4.85 (95% CI: 2.4-7.3), indicating that deaths were premature. Longer DUP was associated with excess mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term outcome of schizophrenia in Bali was heterogeneous, demonstrating that a quarter achieved combined remission, half were in nonremission, and a quarter had died at 17-year follow-up. DUP was a significant predictor both for combined remission and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, 273 Uratakao, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-8505, Japan. kurihara@sj8.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reverger
authors.forename: I G R
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Tirta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents