title: Supplementation of N-3 LCPUFA to the diet of children older than 2 years: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition.
abstract: The aim of this commentary is to review data on the effect of supplementation of paediatric patients ages 2 years or older with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). Some evidence for a positive effect on functional outcome in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was found; however, benefit was seen in only about half of the randomised controlled trials (RCT), and studies varied widely not only in dose and form of supplementation but also in the functional outcome parameter tested. The committee concludes that there are insufficient data to recommend n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in the treatment of children with ADHD, but further research on n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in ADHD may be worthwhile. The committee was unable to find evidence of a favourable effect of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on cognitive function in children. Although no benefit of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation was seen for major clinical outcome parameters in children with cystic fibrosis, a potentially beneficial shift towards less-inflammatory eicosanoid profiles seen in 2 studies provides grounds for further investigation; it is possible that earlier and longer supplementation periods may be needed to demonstrate clinical effect. For children with phenylketonuria, the limited data available suggest that supplementation of n-3 LCPUFA to the diet is both feasible and safe, but offers only transient benefit in visual function. For children with bronchial asthma there are insufficient data to suggest that LCPUFA supplementation has a beneficial effect. The committee advises paediatricians that most health claims about supplementation of n-3 LCPUFA in various diseases in children and adolescents are not supported by convincing scientific data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braegger
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Decsi
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolacek
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mihatsch
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puntis
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamir
authors.forename: Hania
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Szajewska
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turck
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Goudoever
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3