title: Water pinch analysis for water and wastewater minimization in Tehran oil refinery considering three contaminants.
abstract: This study aims to find an appropriate way to minimize water utility in the petrochemical and petroleum industries due to high rate of water consumption. For this purpose, Tehran oil refinery has been well studied. In this research, three key contaminants including suspended solid, hardness as well as COD have been considered to analyze the water network. In addition, the potential of water reuse was studied for all methods. These key contaminants once were analyzed separately as a single contaminant and the amount of required freshwater was calculated for them. In this stage, amount of freshwater was reduced to about 60.9 (17%), 203 (59.7%) and 143 m(3)/h (42.5%) in terms of suspended solids, hardness, and COD, respectively. Water minimization within operations for suspended solids is less than two others. Therefore, this is a limiting contaminant and can be selected as a key contaminant. In the next stage, three contaminants were analyzed two by two based on their mass transfer. Results show that, in the targeting for minimization based on the suspended solids and hardness, the amount of required water is reduced to 142.74 m(3)/h or 42%. This amount for suspended solids and COD is equal to 86.3 m(3)/h (26%) and for COD and hardness is 124 m(3)/h (37%). Analyzing the methods shows that the method based on the double contaminant gives more precise results rather than single contaminant.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. mohammadnejads@gmail.com
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadnejad
authors.forename: Abtin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ataei
authors.forename: Gholam Reza
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Nabi Bidhendi
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehrdadi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ebadati
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotfi
mesh_terms: D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D007492:Iran; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical