title: The use of hollow fiber membranes combined with cytometry in analysis of bacteriological samples.
abstract: To avoid destruction of the implanted biological material it may be separated from host immunological system by enclosure within a permiselective membrane. Two-directional diffusion through the membrane of nutrients, metabolic products, as well as bioactive products of encapsulated cells is required to ensure their survival and functional activities. The system of cells encapsulated within the membrane releasing the biologically active substance may be applied either locally to give an opportunity of therapeutic agent activity in the specified place and/or at some convenient site (tissue) for a prolonged period of time.The novel system of bacteria bio-encapsulation using modified membranes, and its assessment by flow cytometry is described and discussed. The encapsulated in membrane bacteria, functioning and releasing their products were evaluated in the systems in vitro and in vivo. The bacteria cells products impact on Eukariotic cells was evaluated. The cytometric evaluation demonstrates the membrane ability to avoid the release of bacteria enclosed within the membrane wall. In experiments with treatment of the bacteria with antibiotic to release products from damaged bacteria it was possible to distinguish stages of the applied antibiotic impact on encapsulated bacteria cells. In E. coli following stages were distinguished: induction of membrane permeability to PI, activation of proteases targeting GFP (protein) and subsequent nucleic acids degradation. In the another experiment the evidence was presented of the cytotoxic activity of live Bacillus subtilis encapsulated within the membrane system. The Bacilus products mediated by secreted listeriolysin O (LLO) on the chosen eukaryotic cells was evaluated. Similar systems releasing bacterial products locally and continuously may selectively affect different types of cells and may have possible application in the anticancer treatment at localized sites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cytology, Medical Center Postgraduate Education,Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawiak
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stachowiak
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyżniak
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bielecki
authors.forename: Ludomira
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Granicka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002214:Capsules; D002470:Cell Survival; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010539:Permeability; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002214:Capsules; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013752:Tetracycline; C038705:hlyA protein, Listeria monocytogenes