title: Stigma and discrimination toward mental illness: translation and validation of the Italian version of the Attribution Questionnaire-27 (AQ-27-I).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to translate the Attribution Questionnaire-27 (AQ-27) to the Italian language (AQ-27-I), and to examine the reliability and validity of this new Italian version.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was translated using the standard translation/back-translation method. Cronbach's alpha and intraclass coefficients were used to estimate instrument reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to corroborate the original English version factor structure in the new measure, and to establish validity. Path analyses were meant to validate relationships found in the English version among Italian-speaking participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AQ-27-I demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 for the total scale and ranging between 0.52 and 0.91 for the subscales. The test-retest reliability was also satisfactory, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.72 for the total scale and ranging between 0.51 and 0.89 for the subscales. Fit indices of the model supported the factor structure and paths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AQ-27-I is a reliable measure to assess stigmatizing attitudes in Italian.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, 71 Via del Pozzo, 41124, Modena, MO, Italy. trp@unimo.it
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pingani
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forghieri
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Zeev
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artoni
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzi
authors.forename: Gaspare
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigatelli
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Corrigan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006281:Health Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D012923:Social Class; D012941:Social Responsibility; D013240:Stereotyping; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating