title: Performance of anesthetic depth indexes in rabbits under propofol anesthesia: prediction probabilities and concentration-effect relations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The permutation entropy, the approximate entropy, and the index of consciousness are some of the most recently studied electroencephalogram-derived indexes. In this work, a thorough comparison of these indexes was performed using propofol anesthesia in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six rabbits were anesthetized with three propofol infusion rates: 70, 100, and 130 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, each maintained for 30 min, in a random order for each animal. Data recording was performed in the awake animals 20, 25, and 30 min after each infusion rate was begun in the recovered animals and consisted of electroencephalogram recordings, evaluation of depth of anesthesia according to a clinical scale, and arterial blood samples for plasma propofol determination. Median and spectral edge frequencies were analyzed for single-scale permutation entropy and composite multiscale permutation entropy, approximate entropy, index of consciousness, and the spectral parameters. The spectral parameters and single-scale and multiscale permutation entropies were corrected for the presence of burst suppression. Performance of the indexes was compared by prediction probability and pharmacodynamic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The single-scale and composite multiscale permutation entropies with a burst suppression correction showed better prediction probabilities than did the other electroencephalogram-derived parameters but not better than the electromyographic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-scale and multiscale permutation entropies may be promising measures of propofol anesthetic depth when corrected for burst suppression. Additional studies should investigate the information measured by electromyography algorithms from commercial monitors of anesthetic depth. The rabbit may be a promising animal model for electroencephalographic studies because it provides a good-quality signal.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Sciences Department, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Via Real, Portugal. aurasilva@utad.pt
authors.forename: Aura
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sónia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venâncio
authors.forename: Bertinho
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guedes de Pinho
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004576:Electromyography; D019277:Entropy; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol