title: Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on intestinal damage in necrotizing enterocolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the preventative effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in an experimental rat model of NEC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups; as NEC, NEC + CAPE and control. NEC was induced by enteral formula feeding, subjected to hypoxia-hyperoxia and cold stress. Pups in the NEC + CAPE group were treated with CAPE at a dose of 30 mg/kg daily by intraperitoneal route from the first day to the end of the study. All pups were executed on the fourth day. Proximal colon and ileum were allocated for histopathologic and biochemical evaluation, including xanthine oxidase (XO), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malonaldehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pups in the NEC + CAPE group had better histopathologic and apoptosis evaluations (TUNEL and caspase-9) and the severity of bowel damage was significantly lower in the NEC + CAPE group compared to the NEC group (P < 0.01). The clinical sickness scores and body weight in the NEC + CAPE group was significantly better compared to the NEC group (P < 0.05). Tissue MDA, MPO, XO levels and TOS were remarkably reduced in the NEC + CAPE group, however, TAS was significantly increased in the NEC + CAPE group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with CAPE reduces the intestinal damage in NEC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Fatih University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. ctayman22@gmail.com
authors.forename: Cuneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tayman
authors.forename: Alparslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonbul
authors.forename: Aydın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosus
authors.forename: Ibrahim Murat
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hirfanoglu
authors.forename: Hacer
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haltas
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Mustafa Mansur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tatli
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andiran
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009195:Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D053453:Caspase 9; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol