title: Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of child-initiated pretend play assessment (chlPPA).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Play is an indication of a children's development. Purpose. Organize a culturally adapt the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment to Brazilian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translation and cultural adaptation procedures consisted of translation, synthesis, back translation, author's approval, and pretest of the assessment. For the pretest, 14 typically developing children were assessed. Was evaluated the use of play materials, duration of the assessment, and reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Play materials and duration of the assessment were appropriate for Brazilian children. Analysis of intra-rater reliability showed good agreement ranging from 0.90 to 1.00. Inter-rater reliability showed good to moderate agreement for five items ranging from 0.76 to 0.59. Four items showed chance to poor agreement (rho = -0.13 to 0.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the pretest indicate the Brazilian version of the ChlPPA is potentially useful for Brazilian children. ChlPPA training in Portuguese in Brazil with play observation feedback is recommended to improve inter-rater reliability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ave. Bandeirantes 3900, 4th floor, Monte Alegre, Ribeirio Preto, SP, 14.049900.
authors.forename: Luzia I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: Mirella A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Jair L F
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stagnitti
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010988:Play and Playthings