title: Defective pollen wall is required for anther and microspore development in rice and encodes a fatty acyl carrier protein reductase.
abstract: Aliphatic alcohols naturally exist in many organisms as important cellular components; however, their roles in extracellular polymer biosynthesis are poorly defined. We report here the isolation and characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) male-sterile mutant, defective pollen wall (dpw), which displays defective anther development and degenerated pollen grains with an irregular exine. Chemical analysis revealed that dpw anthers had a dramatic reduction in cutin monomers and an altered composition of cuticular wax, as well as soluble fatty acids and alcohols. Using map-based cloning, we identified the DPW gene, which is expressed in both tapetal cells and microspores during anther development. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant DPW enzyme shows that it is a novel fatty acid reductase that produces 1-hexadecanol and exhibits >270-fold higher specificity for palmiltoyl-acyl carrier protein than for C16:0 CoA substrates. DPW was predominantly targeted to plastids mediated by its N-terminal transit peptide. Moreover, we demonstrate that the monocot DPW from rice complements the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana male sterile2 (ms2) mutant and is the probable ortholog of MS2. These data suggest that DPWs participate in a conserved step in primary fatty alcohol synthesis for anther cuticle and pollen sporopollenin biosynthesis in monocots and dicots.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hexin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yuanyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wanqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Kosala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ranathunge
authors.forename: Rochus Benni
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Yujiong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guoying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shanklin
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dabing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000213:Acyl Carrier Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011058:Pollen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000213:Acyl Carrier Protein; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases