title: Evaluation of gastrointestinal pathology and treatment in children with suspected biliary dyskinesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreased gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was reported in patients who had abdominal pain and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The study aims were to review pathology of GI tract in children with acalculous biliary-type abdominal pain and to evaluate the pain improvement after a 2-week trial of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children below 18 years of age with a history of biliary-type abdominal pain by ROME III criteria were evaluated. All underwent an upper endoscopy and their histologic findings of the proximal GI tract were reviewed. Responses to a 2-week trial of PPI and LC were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen were identified with biliary-type abdominal pain with GBEF <35%. Endoscopic and histologic evidence of reflux esophagitis was observed in 11 children those of gastritis in 3 children. A GI pathology of these children is mostly acid-related and four of ten children experienced a complete response to PPIs and did not require LC. Nine children had LC; four had complete and four had partial pain improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A trial of PPIs may be cost-effective prior to considering LC in these patients since four of ten children experienced a complete response to PPIs without the requirement of LC, compared with four of nine children who improved completely.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Brady 320, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. wkarnsa1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Wikrom
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karnsakul
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skitarelic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001657:Biliary Dyskinesia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors