title: Altered T cell differentiation associated with loss of CD27 and CD28 in HIV infected Indian individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-1 infection is associated with depletion of naïve T cell subsets and skewed T cell differentiation and maturation, leading to accumulation of T cells at intermediate and end stages of differentiation. CD27 and CD28 expression have been utilized in assessing these population subsets.
  
  
  METHODS
  We characterized T cell subsets based on expression of CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, and CD28 and compared these subsets in HIV-1 infected Indian subjects and uninfected controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-1 infection was associated with an increase in effector and memory T cell subsets and a concomitant decrease in naïve T cells. HIV-1 infected subjects showed accumulation of intermediate CD8 T cell (CD27+CD28-) differentiation subsets, whereas CD4 T cells progressed to late stage differentiation (CD27-CD28-). These subsets were negatively associated with CD4 T cell counts and positively associated with plasma viremia. CD57, an immunosenescence marker, was also increased on T cell subsets from HIV-1 infected individuals. Antiretroviral therapy resulted in partial restoration of differentiation status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent HIV-1 replication and chronic immune activation, along with altered cytokine secretion profile, lead to impaired T cell differentiation and maturation. Detailed understanding of factors associated with differentiation defects in HIV-1 infected Indian individuals will strongly assist in Indian HIV-1 vaccine efforts and add to our knowledge of HIV-1 subtype C pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: HIV & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Kamalika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mojumdar
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vajpayee
authors.forename: Neeraj Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Alpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sravya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurapati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018959:CD57 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D018959:CD57 Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018127:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7