title: Genetic propensities to increase ethanol intake in response to stress: studies with selectively bred swim test susceptible (SUS), alcohol-preferring (P), and non-preferring (NP) lines of rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Swim test susceptible (SUS) rats selectively bred for reduced struggling in the forced swim test (FST) following stress show high voluntary ethanol intake like alcohol-preferring (P) rats selectively bred for ethanol preference. It is unknown whether stress enhances drinking in SUS rats or FST behavior in P and non-preferring (NP) rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the response to stress in male SUS, Sprague-Dawley (SD), P, and NP rats on 10% ethanol drinking and FST behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, SUS and SD rats had limited access to ethanol and water following white noise, rehousing, and forced swim stress. In experiment 2, P and NP rats received footshock, white noise, restraint, or no stress prior to the FST. Rats then had continuous access to ethanol and water, and the effects of weekly exposures to stress were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SUS rats drank more ethanol (M = 2.98 g/kg) than SD rats (M = 1.26 g/kg) at baseline. Stress produced sustained increases (~33% of baseline) in ethanol intake in SUS rats. NP rats spent twice as much time immobile as P rats in the FST. Stress did not alter FST behavior in P or NP rats. Only footshock produced an increase (~29%) in ethanol intake in P rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selection for stress-induced depressive-like behavior in SUS rats is associated with enhanced stress-induced ethanol drinking. However, the selection for alcohol preference is not associated with stress-induced depressive-like behavior but is associated with footshock stress-induced ethanol drinking. In these experiments, relationships among stress, depressive-like behavior, and alcohol preference were not symmetrical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bertholomey
authors.forename: Charles H K
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Meredith L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Ting-Kai
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lumeng
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol