title: Circulating cytokine concentrations in dogs with different degrees of myxomatous mitral valve disease.
abstract: Cytokines have been associated with the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF) in humans and may be implicated in the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the serum concentrations of cytokines in dogs with MMVD. The study included 16 Cairn terriers with no or minimal mitral regurgitation (MR), 41 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with different degrees of MR and 11 dogs of different breeds with CHF due to MMVD. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, interferon-γ-induced protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured using a canine-specific multiplex immunoassay. CHF dogs had significantly higher MCP-1 concentrations than dogs with no or minimal MR. Among the CKCS, IL-2 and IL-7 decreased with increasing left atrial size and IL-7 also decreased with increasing MR. IL-8 decreased with increasing left ventricular end-systolic internal dimensions. MCP-1 was increased in CHF dogs compared to healthy control dogs and IL-2, IL-7 and IL-8 decreased with increasing indices of disease severity. The results suggest a role for these cytokines in canine MMVD and CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. nez@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: Nora E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Zois
authors.forename: Sophia G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Moesgaard
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kjelgaard-Hansen
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Torkel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fossing
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Häggström
authors.forename: Henrik D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Lisbeth H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003718:Denmark; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines