title: Progesterone prevents nerve injury-induced allodynia and spinal NMDA receptor upregulation in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral nerve injury-evoked neuropathic pain still remains a therapeutic challenge. Recent studies support the notion that progesterone, a neuroactive steroid, may offer a promising perspective in pain modulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the effect of progesterone administration on the development of neuropathic pain-associated allodynia and on the spinal expression of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor subunit 1 (NR1), its phosphorylated form (pNR1), and the gamma isoform of protein kinase C (PKCγ), all key players in the process of central sensitization, in animals subjected to a sciatic nerve constriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a sciatic nerve single ligature constriction and treated with daily subcutaneous injections of progesterone (16 mg/kg) or vehicle. The development of hindpaw mechanical and thermal allodynia was assessed using the von Frey and Choi tests, respectively. Twenty two days after injury, the number of neuronal profiles exhibiting NR1, pNR1, or PKCγ immunoreactivity was determined in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injured animals receiving progesterone did not develop mechanical allodynia and showed a significantly lower number of painful responses to cold stimulation. In correlation with the observed attenuation of pain behaviors, progesterone administration significantly reduced the number of NR1, pNR1, and PKCγ immunoreactive neuronal profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that progesterone prevents allodynia in a rat model of sciatic nerve constriction and reinforce its role as a potential treatment for neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Bioquímica Neuroendócrina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Florencia
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.forename: Florencia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Labombarda
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roig
authors.forename: Marcelo José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Alejandro Federico
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.forename: Susana Laura
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011374:Progesterone