title: Efficacy and safety of two analogs of L-carnitine on rats made insulin resistant by a high-fructose diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 analogs of L-carnitine on rats made insulin resistant by a high-fructose diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using rats made insulin resistant by a high-fructose diet, we investigated the impact of 2 analogs of L-carnitine (25 mg/kg) and L-carnitine (250 mg/kg) on glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol blood levels, and liver glycogen. We also evaluated the safety of both analogs by the assessment of some biochemical and hematological parameters, a histological analysis and a study of embryotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both analogs reduced the levels of triglycerides in the liver and plasma, but only analog 2 reduced the cholesterol levels in insulin-resistant rats. No changes were observed in glycogen content. Safety evaluations revealed alterations in blood lymphocytes and embryotoxicity data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the 2 analogs maintain the pharmacological properties of L-carnitine but have a different efficacy, potency and toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Antonieta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Solís
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De la Cruz-Cordero
authors.forename: Anaguiven
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avalos-Soriano
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte-Vázquez
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reyes-Esparza
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Fragoso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013723:Teratogens; D014280:Triglycerides; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D005632:Fructose; D006003:Glycogen; D002784:Cholesterol; D002331:Carnitine