title: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in community-dwelling older men and women with cognitive impairment no dementia: results from the ESA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence rate of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, benzodiazepine dependence, and insomnia in older men and women with probable cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) and to examine the independent associations between each disorder and CIND.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were a random sample of community-dwelling individuals aged 65-96 (N = 2414). Semi-structured in-home interviews based on DSM-IV-TR (DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria evaluated the prevalence rates of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, benzodiazepine dependence, and insomnia. Participants were classified as probable CIND based on their Mini-Mental State Examination score using sex, age, and education-stratified cut-offs (lower than the 15th percentile).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, 22.7% of individuals with probable CIND and 12.1% of those with normal cognition had at least one psychiatric disorder (crude odds ratio (OR): 2.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.69). More specifically, mood disorders (3.43, 1.74-6.75), benzodiazepine dependence (5.10, 1.23-21.11), and comorbid anxiety and mood disorders (8.67, 2.00-37.68) were significantly associated with probable CIND, but not anxiety disorders alone and insomnia. The prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders was similar in women with probable CIND (23.1%) and in women without CIND (23.9%; 0.95, 0.64-1.42). No specific psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with probable CIND in women. All associations remained unchanged after adjustments for potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between psychiatric disorders and probable CIND appears to be sex-specific. In clinical practice, mood disorders, and benzodiazepine dependence should receive particular attention since these disorders are associated with a condition increasing the risk of dementia.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Longueuil, Québec, Canada. Olivier.Potvin@crulrg.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Potvin
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudon
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forget
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorrain
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Préville
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines