title: [Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in a lung transplant recipient].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is an uncommon cause of pulmonary aspergillosis and almost exclusively affects lung transplant recipients. There is no lung tissue involvement, thus the tracheobron-chial tree is only affected. Patients are asymptomatic, so it is important to make an early diagnosis to prevent progression of the infection and airway complications. Several prophylaxis and treatment strategies have proven to improve the prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is the case of a 56 year-old man who underwent bilateral lung transplant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and developed Aspergillus tracheobronchitis. He received the usual prophylaxis with nebulized liposomal amphotericin B every 48 h. Routine bronchoscopy performed 2 weeks after transplantation showed inflammation with the presence of pseudomembranes that produced a 50% stenosis of the right bronchial anastomosis. Biopsy of the pseudomembranes and bronchial aspirate yielded Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient started treatment with voriconazole twice a day, bronchial debridement through bronchoscopy was carried out, and the treatment with nebulized liposomal amphotericin B was continued every other day. Ten weeks later, there were no endobronchial lesions and the bronchial aspirate cultures were negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspergillus tracheobronchitis is a complication of the lung transplant recipient. Early diagnosis and prompt antifungal therapy, including new antifungal agents and local debridement, may significantly improve the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España. crisneumo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cristina López
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: García-Gallo
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Fadul
authors.forename: Rosalía
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laporta-Hernández
authors.forename: Piedad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ussetti-Gil
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D003646:Debridement; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000601:surgery; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014136:Tracheitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D065819:Voriconazole