title: Association between urothelial carcinoma after renal transplantation and infection by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between urothelial carcinoma following renal transplantation and infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 3780 patients who underwent renal transplantation, we identified 90 cases of urothelial carcinoma. Tumor tissues collected from the 90 renal transplant recipients were compared with those from 30 nontransplanted patients with bladder cancer (control group) for HPV types 16 and 18 using polymerase chain reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven transplanted patients were HPV positive: HPV-16 was detected in 3 patients with bladder cancer (3/90; 3.3%), and HPV-18 in 2 patients with bilateral pelvic ureteral carcinoma (2/90; 2.2%), and 2 patients with bladder cancer (2/90; 2.2%). Only 2 cases from the control group were HPV positive (both HPV-18; 2/30; 5%). The difference between the RTR and control groups was not significant (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malignant tumors in the urinary system following renal transplantation did not seems to be associated with infection by HPV-16 or -18.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliate of Capital Medical University, XuanWu District, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers