title: The mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier AGC1 and calcium homeostasis: physiological links and abnormalities in autism.
abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe, complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and restricted and stereotyped patterns of interests and behaviors. Recent evidence has unveiled an important role for calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in the pathogenesis of ASD. Post-mortem studies of autistic brains have pointed toward abnormalities in mitochondrial function as possible downstream consequences of altered Ca(2+) signaling, abnormal synapse formation, and dysreactive immunity. SLC25A12, an ASD susceptibility gene, encodes the Ca(2+)-regulated mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier, isoform 1 (AGC1). AGC1 is an important component of the malate/aspartate shuttle, a crucial system supporting oxidative phosphorylation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Here, we review the physiological roles of AGC1, its links to calcium homeostasis, and its involvement in autism pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry & Neurogenetics, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Napolioni
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Persico
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Porcelli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmieri
mesh_terms: D026922:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017920:Antiporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D026922:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Acidic; D017920:Antiporters; C051046:aspartate-glutamate carrier; D002118:Calcium