title: Chronic heat stress weakened the innate immunity and increased the virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in mice.
abstract: Chronic heat stress (CHS) can negatively affect immune response in animals. In this study we assessed the effects of CHS on host innate immunity and avian influenza virus H5N1 infection in mice. Mice were divided into two groups: CHS and thermally neutral (TN). The CHS treatment group exhibited reduced local immunity in the respiratory tract, including the number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages and lesions in the nasal mucosa, trachea, and lungs. Meanwhile, CHS retarded dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and reduced the mRNA levels of IL-6 and IFN-β significantly (P < .05). After the CHS treatment, mice were infected with H5N1 virus. The mortality rate and viral load in the lungs of CHS group were higher than those of TN group. The results suggest that the CHS treatment could suppress local immunity in the respiratory tract and innate host immunity in mice significantly and moderately increased the virulence in H5N1-infected mice.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Deping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000276:immunology*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000276:immunology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016899:Interferon-beta