title: Single dose pharmacokinetics of the transdermal rotigotine patch in patients with impaired renal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of different stages of chronic renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics and safety/tolerability of the transdermally applied dopamine agonist rotigotine in an open label group comparison including 32 subjects (healthy, mild, moderate or severe impairment of renal function and patients with end-stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis). METHODS All subjects received a single transdermal 10 cm² patch (24 h patch-on period) containing 4.5 mg rotigotine (nominal drug release 2 mg 24 h⁻¹). Main evaluations included relative bioavailability and renal elimination of rotigotine and its metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point estimates for the ratios between the groups with moderate to severe renal impairment and healthy subjects for the pharmacokinetic parameters AUC(0,t(last) ) and C(max) for the active substance unconjugated rotigotine were near 1:0.88 for AUC and 0.93 for C(max) for moderate renal impairment, 1.14 and 1.18 for severe renal impairment and 1.05 and 1.25 for end-stage renal insufficiency requiring haemodialysis. There was no correlation of these parameters with creatinine clearance. The amount of unconjugated rotigotine excreted into urine and renal clearance decreased with increasing severity of renal insufficiency but had no observable effect on total clearance as the amounts excreted were below 1% of the administered dose. Occurrence of adverse events did not increase with the degree of renal insufficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacokinetic profiles of unconjugated rotigotine were similar in healthy subjects and subjects with impaired renal function indicating that no dose adjustments are required for transdermal rotigotine in patients with different stages of chronic renal insufficiency including patients on haemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: UCB Biosciences, Monheim, Germany. willi.cawello@ucb.com
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cawello
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahrweiler
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sulowicz
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szymczakiewicz-Multanowska
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D057968:Transdermal Patch
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D013876:Thiophenes; C047508:rotigotine