title: Effects of deep sedation on behaviors and side effects in children undergoing different dental procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine behavioral characteristics and side effects in children undergoing restorative dental treatment with or without dental extractions under deep sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study comprised 68 healthy 4- to 7-year-old children; 34 each were assigned to extraction and restorative groups. Children's behaviors were assessed using the following scales: (1) modified Frankl scale (preoperative period); (2) modified Houpt behavior rating scale (venipuncture period); and (3) modified Wilton behavior scale (recovery period). All complications observed during and after sedation were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of agitation was higher in the extraction group; however, this difference was statistically significant only at 15 minutes after completion of sedation. In both groups, the most common side effects observed were: involuntary movement (during sedation); sleepiness; agitation and dizziness (during the early recovery period); irritability; crying; and sleepiness (following hospital discharge).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agitation may be observed during procedures involving extractions. Few side effects were observed during and after the sedation procedure in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. levent.ozer@dentistry.ankara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Zeynep Başak
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Oktem
authors.forename: Zuhal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Küçükyavuz
mesh_terms: D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003448:Crying; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D004244:Dizziness / Q000139:chemically induced; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007508:Irritable Mood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018962:Phlebotomy; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002355:Carticaine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol