title: Incidence of treated cardiac arrest in hospitalized patients in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence and incidence over time of cardiac arrest in hospitalized patients is unknown. We sought to estimate the event rate and temporal trends of adult inhospital cardiac arrest treated with a resuscitation response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three approaches were used to estimate the inhospital cardiac arrest event rate. First approach: calculate the inhospital cardiac arrest event rate at hospitals (n = 433) in the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry, years 2003-2007, and multiply this by U.S. annual bed days. Second approach: use the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation inhospital cardiac arrest event rate to develop a regression model (including hospital demographic, geographic, and organizational factors), and use the model coefficients to calculate predicted event rates for acute care hospitals (n = 5445) responding to the American Hospital Association survey. Third approach: classify acute care hospitals into groups based on academic, urban, and bed size characteristics, and determine the average event rate for Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation hospitals in each group, and use weighted averages to calculate the national inhospital cardiac arrest rate. Annual event rates were calculated to estimate temporal trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult inhospital cardiac arrest with a resuscitation response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean adult treated inhospital cardiac arrest event rate at Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation hospitals was 0.92/1000 bed days (interquartile range 0.58 to 1.2/1000). In hospitals (n = 150) contributing data for all years of the study period, the event rate increased from 2003 to 2007. With 2.09 million annual U.S. bed days, we estimated 192,000 inhospital cardiac arrests throughout the United States annually. Based on the regression model, extrapolating Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation hospitals to hospitals participating in the American Hospital Association survey projected 211,000 annual inhospital cardiac arrests. Using weighted averages projected 209,000 annual U.S. inhospital cardiac arrests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are approximately 200,000 treated cardiac arrests among U.S. hospitalized patients annually, and this rate may be increasing. This is important for understanding the burden of inhospital cardiac arrest and developing strategies to improve care for hospitalized patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. raina.merchant@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Raina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lance B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: Brendan G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Abella
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006739:Hospital Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006761:Hospitals / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States