title: Endovascular treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding from systemic-to-mesenteric venous collateral vessels caused by inferior vena cava occlusion: report of two cases.
abstract: The present report describes two cases of chronic lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by systemic-to-mesenteric venous collateral vessels resulting from longstanding inferior vena cava obstruction. They were successfully treated with caval balloon angioplasty and stent placement. No recurrent bleeding was seen at 15 and 24 months of follow up, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, SPC 5868, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Cardiovascular Center 5582, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arabi
authors.forename: Ranjith
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vellody
authors.forename: Wojciech B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Cwikiel
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gemmete
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*