title: Influence of laboratory degradation methods and bonding application parameters on microTBS of self-etch adhesives to dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the laboratory resistance to degradation and the use of different bonding treatments on resin-dentin bonds formed with three self-etching adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flat, mid-coronal dentin surfaces from extracted human molars were bonded according to manufacturer's directions and submitted to two challenging regimens: (A) chemical degradation with 10% NaOC1 immersion for 5 hours; and (B) fatigue loading at 90 N using 50,000 cycles at 3.0 Hz. Additional dentin surfaces were bonded following four different bonding application protocols: (1) according to manufacturer's directions; (2) acid-etched with 36% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for 15 seconds; (3) 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOClaq) treated for 2 minutes, after H3PO4-etching; and (4) doubling the application time of the adhesives. Two one-step self-etch adhesives (an acetone-based: Futurabond/FUT and an ethanol-based: Futurabond NR/FNR) and a two-step self-etch primer system (Clearfil SE Bond/CSE) were examined. Specimens were sectioned into beams and tested for microtensile bond strength (microTBS). Selected debonded specimens were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparisons tests (alpha= 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  microTBS significantly decreased after chemical and mechanical challenges (P< 0.05). CSE showed higher microTBS than the other adhesive systems, regardless the bonding protocol. FUT attained the highest microTBS after doubling the application time. H3PO4 and H3PO4 + NaOCl pretreatments significantly decreased bonding efficacy of the adhesives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, School of dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Carolina G
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: Jatyr
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pisani-Proença
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: Fátima S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C512545:futurabond NR; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite