title: Efficacy of Brazilian Propolis against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection in Mice and Their Modes of Antiherpetic Efficacies.
abstract: Ethanol extracts (AF-06, 07, and 08, 10 mg/kg) of Brazilian propolis were administered orally to cutaneously herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-infected mice three times daily on days 0 to 6 after infection to evaluate their efficacies against HSV-1 infection and significantly limited development of herpetic skin lesions. AF-07 and 08 significantly reduced virus titers in brain and/or skin on day 4 without toxicity, but AF-08 had no anti-HSV-1 activity in vitro. AF-06 and 08 significantly enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to inactivated HSV-1 antigen in infected mice. Oral AF-08-administration significantly augmented interferon (IFN)-γ production by HSV-1 antigen from splenocytes of HSV-1-infected mice, while direct exposure of splenocytes of infected mice to AF-06 significantly elevated IFN-γ production in vitro. Thus, AF-08 might have components that are active in vivo even after oral administration and those of AF-06 might be active only in vitro. Because DTH is a major host defense for intradermal HSV-1 infection, augmentation of DTH response by AF-06 or 08, directly or indirectly, respectively, may contribute to their efficacies against HSV-1 infection. In addition, AF-06 and 07 possibly contain anti-HSV-1 components contributing to their efficacies. Such biological activities of Brazilian propolis may be useful to analyze its pharmacological actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
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authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Youhei
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authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Yasushi
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authors.lastname: Takamori
authors.forename: Hisahiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Rie
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authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Hiroki
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authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Wataru
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authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Atsuko
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authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Yong Kun
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authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ken
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authors.lastname: Yasukawa
authors.forename: Koji
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authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Kimiyasu
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authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Masahiko
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authors.lastname: Kurokawa