title: Dark chocolate and blood pressure: a novel study from Jordan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to assess the effect of dark chocolate intake on cardiovascular parameters like blood pressure and heart rate values in a normotensive population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a randomized cross-sectional study involving a total of 14,310 adults that were selected from various regions of Jordan. Well-trained pharmacy students interviewed participants in the outpatient settings. Participants reported their weekly intake of dark chocolate that has been further classified into mild (1-2 bars/week), moderate (3-4 bars/week), and high intake ( > 4 bars/week). For each participant, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were measured three times with (10-15) minute intervals in the sitting position and the resting state. The arterial blood pressure (ABP) was calculated from the measured SBP and DBP values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measured blood pressure values were significantly decreased for participants who reported higher dark chocolate consumption. Our results showed that heart rate values were not affected by variable intake of dark chocolate. In addition, increasing dark chocolate intake was associated with a significant decrease of blood pressure values in participants irrespective of the family history of hypertension or the age of the individual. However, heart rate values were unaffected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher intake of dark chocolate can be associated with lower values of blood pressure, while its effect on heart rate values was not consistent.
authors.affiliation: Walden University, School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. faisal.aboul-enein@waldenu.edu
authors.forename: Saafan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al-Safi
authors.forename: Nehad M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Doghim
authors.forename: Faisal H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Aboul-Enein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002099:Cacao; D002182:Candy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult