title: Anorectal dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Anorectal symptoms are frequently found in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly manifested as diffuse lower abdominal discomfort, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Among these symptoms, constipation may precede by years the motor manifestations of PD. Research has focused for decades on selection of a measurement method for detection of abnormalities and support of clinometric instruments for anorectal symptoms. We review those manifestations and their contribution to evaluation of the anorectal symptoms in patients with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. neuronet@catholic.ac.kr
authors.forename: Joong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hye Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeong-In
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee-Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000071056:Anorectal Malformations; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000209:etiology*; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D055496:Neurogenic Bowel / Q000209:etiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*