title: Pre-clinical and clinical aspects of peptide-based vaccine against human solid tumors.
abstract: Peptides deriving from tumor-associated antigens and recognized by patient T cells have been firstly defined in the early 90's, and then used as vaccine in animal models and in cancer patients. Early trials showed a variable, often even high frequency of patients developing peptide-specific T-cell mediated immune response usually accompanied by a lower frequency of clinical response. Modified, long peptides could be synthesized with a higher in vitro binding to the corresponding HLA allele that only seldom translated into a clear improvement in the tumor response. However, we show here that more recent studies of multipeptide-based vaccines resulted in a higher and more robust T cell response causing also a more effective clinical response particularly in melanoma and prostate cancer patients. In this article, we also used some of the recent patents describing different inventions related to pre-clinical and clinical aspects of peptide based vaccines against human solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, Division of Molecular Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Seyed Amir
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parmiani
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006239:Haplotypes; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D014611:Vaccination; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D006680:HLA Antigens; D010455:Peptides; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit