title: Management of urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias surgery - An experience of thirty-five cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The commonest complication following hypospadias repair is occurrence of urethrocutaneous fistula. The smaller fistulas (<2 mm) are easier to close with a simple closure whereas larger ones (>2 mm) with good vascular surrounding skin require a local skin flap closure for avoiding overlapping suture lines. For the recurrent/larger fistulas with impaired local surrounding skin - incidence of recurrence is significantly reduced by providing a waterproofing interposition layer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of size, location, number of fistulas and surrounding tissues in selecting the procedure and its outcome. To identify various factors involved in the recurrence and to formulate a management in the cases where recurrence has occurred.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study of 35 cases of urethrocutaneous fistula repair was done from July 2006 to May 2009 to achieve better results in fistula management following hypospadias surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  X(2) test and Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate for fistula repair at first attempt was 89% with success rates for simple closure, layered closure and closure with waterproofing layer being 77%,89% and 100%, respectively. The second attempt success rate at fistula repair for simple closure and closure with waterproofing layer were 33% and 100%, respectively. At third attempt the two recurrent fistulas were managed by simple closure with a waterproofing interposition layer with no recurrence. All the waterproofing procedures in this study had a success rate of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment plan for a fistula must be individualized based on variables which has an effect on the outcome of repair and to an extent dictates the type of repair to be performed. The significantly improved success rates with the addition of a waterproofing layer suggests the use of this interposition layer should be done at the earliest available opportunity to prevent a reccurence rather than to reserve it for future options.
authors.affiliation: Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Saraswati Hospital & Research Centre, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rajat Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Mangesh S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tandale
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panse
authors.forename: Anubhav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sahane