title: Learning motivational interviewing in a real-life setting: a randomised controlled trial in the Swedish Prison Service.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motivational interviewing (MI) is a client-centred, directive counselling style for helping people to explore and resolve ambivalence about behaviour change and shown to decrease drug and alcohol use. A five-session semi-structured MI intervention [Beteende, Samtal, Förändring (BSF; Behaviour, Counselling, Change)] was implemented in Swedish prisons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether, in a real-life implementation of semi-structured MI, staff receiving ongoing MI training, based on audio-recorded feedback in peer groups (BSF+), possess greater MI skill compared with staff receiving workshop-only MI training (BSF), and staff conducting usual prison planning interviews (UPI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prisoners were randomised to one of the three interventions. The fi rst sessions between staff and prisoner with complete data were assessed with the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code 3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Content analysis of 45 staff: prisoner sessions revealed that counsellors in the BSF+ group were significantly more competent in MI than those in the UPI group, but there was no difference in MI competency between the BSF and UPI groups. Overall, staff were rated as not having achieved beginning proficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that staff delivering motivational interviewing programmes for substance-misusing prisoners in Sweden are not being given sufficient training for the task. Previous literature has suggested that staff need more than a basic 3- to 5-day workshop training, but our findings suggest that they may need longer-term continuing supervision and support than previously recognised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research in Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. lars.forsberg.3@ki.se
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Carl Åke
authors.initials: CÅ
authors.lastname: Farbring
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D009042:Motivation; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011330:Prisons; D011581:Psychological Tests; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013548:Sweden