title: High ionic conductivity P(VDF-TrFE)/PEO blended polymer electrolytes for solid electrochromic devices.
abstract: Solid polymer electrolytes with excellent ionic conductivity (above 10(-4) S cm(-1)), which result in high optical modulation for solid electrochromic (EC) devices are presented. The combination of a polar host matrix poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) and a solid plasticized of a low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) (M(w)≤ 20,000) blended polymer electrolyte serves to enhance both the dissolution of lithium salt and the ionic transport. Calorimetric measurement shows a reduced crystallization due to a better intermixing of the polymers with small molecular weight PEO. Vibrational spectroscopy identifies the presence of free ions and ion pairs in the electrolytes with PEO of M(w)≤ 8000. The ionic dissolution is improved using PEO as a plasticizer when compared to liquid propylene carbonate, evidently shown in the transference number analysis. Ionic transport follows the Arrhenius equation with a low activation energy (0.16-0.2 eV), leading to high ionic conductivities. Solid electrochromic devices fabricated with the blended P(VDF-TrFE)/PEO electrolytes and polyaniline show good spectroelectrochemical performance in the visible (300-800 nm) and near-infrared (0.9-2.4 μm) regions with a modulation up to 60% and fast switching speed of below 20 seconds. The successful introduction of the solid polymer electrolytes with its best harnessed qualities helps to expedite the application of various electrochemical devices.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chien A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Shanxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xuehong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Pooi See
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Lee