title: Metabolomic profiling of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited systemic disease characterized by renal cyst expansion, resulting in renal failure. With the progression of renal damage, the accumulation of uremic compounds is recently reported to subsequently cause further renal damage and hypertension. Finding uremic toxins and sensitive markers for detecting the early stage of ADPKD is necessary to clarify its pathophysiological process and to prevent its progression. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of uremic retention solutes of ADPKD by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) using the Han:SPRD rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety-seven cations and 190 anions were comprehensively analyzed by CE-MS in Han:SPRD rats and control rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 21 cations and 19 anions that accumulated significantly in the heterozygous (Cy/+) ADPKD rat model compared with control rats. Among the compounds, increases in 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine, glucosamine, ectoine, allantoate, α-hydroxybenzoate, phenaceturate and 3-phenylpropionate and decreases in 2-deoxycytidine, decanoate and 10-hydroxydecanoate were newly identified in the ADPKD Cy/+ rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified uremic retention solutes in ADPKD Cy/+ rats. Compounds related to ADPKD could be useful markers for detecting the early stage of ADPKD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyohara
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.|Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Eikan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanemoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadayoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Education and Research Center of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, 997-0052, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. takaabe@med.tohoku.ac.jp.|Division of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. takaabe@med.tohoku.ac.jp.|Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. takaabe@med.tohoku.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000156:Aconitic Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006626:Hippurates / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007200:Indican / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006626:Hippurates; D000156:Aconitic Acid; D007200:Indican; C030514:hippuric acid