title: Health technology assessment and private payers's coverage of personalized medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Health technology assessment (HTA) plays an increasing role in translating emerging technologies into clinical practice and policy. Private payers are important users of HTA whose decisions impact adoption and use of new technologies. We examine the current use of HTA by private payers in coverage decisions for personalized medicine, a field that is increasingly impacting oncology practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and semistructured interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 7 HTA organizations used by private payers in decision making and explored how HTA is used by major US private payers (n = 11) for coverage of personalized medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All payers used HTA in coverage decisions, but the number of HTA organizations used by an individual payer ranged from 1 (n = 1) to all 7 (n = 1), with the majority of payers (n = 8) using 3 or more. Payers relied more extensively on HTAs for reviews of personalized medicine (64%) than for other technologies. Most payers (82%) equally valued expertise of reviewers and rigor of evaluation as HTA strengths, whereas genomic-specific methodology was less important. Key reported shortcomings were limited availability of reviews (73%) and limited inclusion of nonclinical factors (91%), such as cost-effectiveness or adoption of technology in clinical practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Payers use a range of HTAs in their coverage decisions related to personalized medicine, but the current state of HTA to comprehensively guide those decisions is limited. HTA organizations should address current gaps to improve their relevance to payers and clinicians. Current HTA shortcomings may also inform the national HTA agenda.
authors.forename: Julia R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Trosman
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Van Bebber
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000191:economics*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000191:economics*; D017149:Private Sector / Q000191:economics*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical