title: Pax6 expression is sufficient to induce a neurogenic fate in glial progenitors of the neonatal subventricular zone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal mammals contains a large, heterogeneous population of migratory and proliferating precursors of interneurons and glia. These cell types are produced in large numbers in the immediate postnatal period, the glioblasts populating the hemispheres with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, the neuroblasts migrating to the olfactory bulb to become interneurons. How cell fate decisions are determined or stabilized in this mixed population is not clear, although previous studies indicate the importance of two transcription factors, Pax6 in neurons and Olig2 in glia, and suggest there may be reciprocal repression between these genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In examining the SVZ of neonatal mouse and rat brain, we find that the very large majority of SVZ cells express either Pax6 or Olig2, but few express both. We have used in vivo retro- and lenti-virus injections into the neonatal SVZ and in vitro gene transfer to demonstrate that pax6 over-expression is sufficient to down-regulate olig2 and to promote a neuronal lineage development and migration pattern in olig2-expressing cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Pax6 binds to the olig2 promoter and that an HEB sequence in the promoter is required for the Pax6 repression of olig2 transcription. Lastly, we constructed a lentivirus to target olig2-expressing cells in the SVZ to trace their fates, and found that the very large majority developed into glia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide evidence for a direct repression of olig2 by Pax6. Since SVZ cells can display developmental plasticity in vitro, the cross-repression promotes a stabilization of cell fates. This repression may be critical in a germinal zone in which immature cells are highly migratory and are not organized into an epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Integrated CMBS and Pathology Graduate Programs, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019070:Cell Lineage; D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; C000605733:Pax6 protein, rat; D012097:Repressor Proteins