title: Is routine dengue vector surveillance in central Brazil able to accurately monitor the Aedes aegypti population? Results from a pupal productivity survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess how well the Aedes aegypti infestation rapid survey, Levantamento Rapido de Indice para Aedes aegypti (LIRAa), is able to accurately estimate dengue vector densities and target the most important breeding sites in Goiania, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  In February 2009, a pupal productivity survey was conducted in 2 districts of the city of Goiania, central Brazil. The results were compared to those of LIRAas conducted in the same districts during the months before and after the pupal productivity survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pupal productivity survey, 2,024 houses were surveyed and 2,969 water-holding containers were inspected. Discarded small water containers most frequently contained immature Ae. aegypti. The most pupal-productive containers were elevated water tanks, roof gutters and water holding roofs. Combined, these three containers accounted for <40% of all positive containers but produced >70% of all pupae. In the two districts where the pupal productivity survey was conducted, the house indices were 5.1 and 4.6 and the Breteau indices were 5.9 and 6.0. In contrast, the two LIRAs conducted in the same two districts resulted in an average house index of 1.5 and Breteau index of 2.5, with discarded items identified as the most frequently infested container type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the LIRAa and the pupal productivity survey identified discarded items as being most frequently infested with immature stages of Ae. aegypti, but the pupal productivity survey showed that elevated containers produced the greatest proportion of Ae. aegypti pupae (a proxy measure of adult vector density) and that the values of the Stegomyia indices were substantially underestimated by LIRAa. Although both surveys differ considerably in terms of sampling method and manpower, in the case of this study the LIRAa did not accurately identify or target the containers that were the most important to adult mosquito production.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilger
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenhart
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manrique-Saide
authors.forename: Joao Bosco
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Welington Tristão
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kroeger
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000254:growth & development*; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003715:Dengue / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000254:growth & development*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D011156:Population Density; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011679:Pupa; D012621:Seasons; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D014867:Water