title: Developmental cortical thinning in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
abstract: Regional cortical thickness was evaluated using CIVET processing of 3D T1-weighted images (i) to compare the variation in cortical thickness between 33 participants with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) aged 6-30 years (mean age 12.3 years) versus 33 age/sex/hand-matched controls, and (ii) to examine developmental changes in cortical thickness with age from children to young adults in both groups. Significant cortical thinning was found in the participants with FASD in large areas of the bilateral middle frontal lobe, pre- and post- central areas, lateral and inferior temporal and occipital lobes compared to controls. No significant cortical thickness increases were observed for the FASD group. Cortical thinning with age in a linear model was observed in both groups, but the locations were different for each group. FASD participants showed thinning with age in the left middle frontal, bilateral precentral, bilateral precuneus and paracingulate, left inferior occipital and bilateral fusiform gyri; while controls showed decreases with age in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral precuneus gyrus, and bilateral occipital gyrus. A battery of cognitive assessments of memory, attention, motor, and verbal abilities was conducted with many of the FASD participants, but no significant correlations were found between these cognitive scores and regional cortical thickness. Non-invasive measurements of cortical thickness in children to young adults with FASD have identified both key regions of cortex that may be more deleteriously affected by prenatal alcohol exposure as well as cortical changes with age that differ from normal developmental thinning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebel
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wyper
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult