title: Effects of LED light spectra on oxidative stress and the protective role of melatonin in relation to the daily rhythm of the yellowtail clownfish, Amphiprion clarkii.
abstract: The present study aimed to test the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress in the yellowtail clownfish, Amphiprion clarkii, as produced by light emitting diodes (LEDs): red, green, and blue. We investigated the effects of the different LEDs on oxidative stress by measuring the mRNA expression of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT2), the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD (EC 1.15.1.1); and catalase, CAT (EC 1.11.1.6)), and plasma H2O2 and plasma melatonin levels. In red light, the expression of AANAT2, SOD, and CAT mRNA was significantly higher than those under the other light spectra. SOD and CAT activities and plasma H2O2 and melatonin levels were also significantly higher for the red spectra than those for the other light spectra. These results indicate that red light induces oxidative stress. To investigate the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, we injected melatonin into live fish (in vivo) or treated cultured pineal organ (in vitro) with melatonin. We found that AANAT2, SOD, and CAT mRNA expression levels, SOD and CAT activities, and plasma H2O2, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and melatonin levels were significantly lower than those for the controls. Therefore, our results indicate that red light induces oxidative stress and melatonin plays the role of a strong antioxidant in yellowtail clownfish.
authors.affiliation: Division of Marine Environment & BioScience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jehee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheol Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047068:Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000528:radiation effects*; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008027:Light; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000528:radiation effects; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D047068:Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D008550:Melatonin