title: Psychiatric disorders, myoclonus dystonia, and the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in the maternally imprinted epsilon-sarcoglycan gene occur in 30%-50% of myoclonus-dystonia cases. Psychiatric symptoms, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder, have been described in some patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically reviewed 22 reports of psychiatric symptoms in myoclonus-dystonia, dividing individuals according to clinical and mutation status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically manifesting mutation carriers demonstrated an excess of psychiatric disorders compared with nonmutation carriers (P < .001). No differences were seen between non-motor-manifesting carriers and nonmutation carriers with the exception of alcohol excess/dependence, higher in non-motor-manifesting carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm the association of epsilon-sarcoglycan gene mutations with psychiatric disease and suggest a possible separation of the motor and psychiatric effects.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Cardiff, United Kingdom. kathrynpeall@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Peall
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Huw R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D049031:Sarcoglycans / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D049031:Sarcoglycans