title: ICU nurses' acceptance of electronic health records.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' acceptance of electronic health records (EHR) technology and examine the relationship between EHR design, implementation factors, and nurse acceptance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed data from two cross-sectional survey questionnaires distributed to nurses working in four ICUs at a northeastern US regional medical center, 3 months and 12 months after EHR implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey items were drawn from established instruments used to measure EHR acceptance and usability, and the usefulness of three EHR functionalities, specifically computerized provider order entry (CPOE), the electronic medication administration record (eMAR), and a nursing documentation flowsheet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, ICU nurses were more accepting of the EHR at 12 months as compared to 3&emsp14;months. They also perceived the EHR as being more usable and both CPOE and eMAR as being more useful. Multivariate hierarchical modeling indicated that EHR usability and CPOE usefulness predicted EHR acceptance at both 3 and 12 months. At 3 months postimplementation, eMAR usefulness predicted EHR acceptance, but its effect disappeared at 12 months. Nursing flowsheet usefulness predicted EHR acceptance but only at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the push toward implementation of EHR technology continues, more hospitals will face issues related to acceptance of EHR technology by staff caring for critically ill patients. This research suggests that factors related to technology design have strong effects on acceptance, even 1&emsp14;year following the EHR implementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1609, USA. carayon@engr.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carayon
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cartmill
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blosky
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hackenberg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoonakker
authors.forename: Ann Schoofs
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hundt
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norfolk
authors.forename: Tosha B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Wetterneck
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce