title: Assessment of anti-inflammatory tumor treatment efficacy by longitudinal monitoring employing sonographic micro morphology in a preclinical mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the development of increasingly sophisticated three-dimensional volumetric imaging methods, tumor volume can serve as a robust and reproducible measurement of drug efficacy. Since the use of molecularly targeted agents in the clinic will almost certainly involve combinations with other therapeutic modalities, the use of volumetric determination can help to identify a dosing schedule of sequential combinations of cytostatic drugs resulting in long term control of tumor growth with minimal toxicity. The aim of this study is to assess high resolution sonography imaging for the in vivo monitoring of efficacy of Infliximab in pancreatic tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, primary orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth was measured with Infliximab treatment. In the second experiment, orthotopic tumors were resected ten days after inoculation of tumor cells and tumor recurrence was measured following Infliximab treatment. Tumor progression was evaluated using 3D high resolution sonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sonography measurement of tumor volume in vivo showed inhibitory effect of Infliximab on primary tumor growth in both non-resected and resected models. Measurement of the dynamics of tumor growth by sonography revealed that in the primary tumor Infliximab is effective against established tumors while in the resection model, Infliximab is more effective at an early stage following tumor resection. Infliximab treatment is also effective in inhibiting tumor growth growth as a result of tumor cell contamination of the surgical field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical application of Infliximab is feasible in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting. Infliximab is also effective in slowing the growth of tumor growth under the peritoneum and may have application in treating peritoneal carcinomatosis. Finally the study demonstrates that high resolution sonography is a sensitive imaging modality for the measurement of pancreatic tumor growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center North, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Egberts
authors.forename: Olena
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Korniienko
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trauzold
authors.forename: Claus C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Glüer
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalthoff
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D000069285:Infliximab; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000069285:Infliximab