title: The long-term effect of listening to Mozart K.448 decreases epileptiform discharges in children with epilepsy.
abstract: Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D major, K.448 (Mozart K.448), has been shown to improve mental function, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect. Our previous work revealed that epileptiform discharges in children with epilepsy decrease during and right after listening to Mozart K.448. However, the duration of the effect was not studied. In the study described here, we evaluated the long-term effect of Mozart K.448 on epileptiform discharges in children with epilepsy. Eighteen children with epilepsy whose seizures were clinically well controlled with antiepileptic drugs were included. For each child, EEGs had revealed persistent epileptiform discharges for at least 6 months. These patients listened to Mozart K.448 for 8 minutes once a day before bedtime for 6 months. Epileptiform discharges were recorded and compared before and after 1, 2, and 6 months of listening to Mozart K.448. All of the children remained on the same antiepileptic drug over the 6 months. Relationships between number of epileptiform discharges and foci of discharges, intelligence, epilepsy etiology, age, and gender were analyzed. Epileptiform discharges significantly decreased by 53.2±47.4, 64.4±47.1, and 71.6±45.8%, respectively, after listening to Mozart K.448 for 1, 2, and 6 months. All patients except those with occipital discharges showed a significant decrease in epileptiform discharges. Patients with normal intelligence and idiopathic epilepsy had greater decreases than those with mental retardation and symptomatic epilepsy. Age and gender did not affect the results. We conclude that long-term listening to Mozart K.448 may be effective in decreasing epileptiform discharges in children with epilepsy in a chronologically progressive manner.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lung-Chang
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wei-Te
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hui-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chin-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ruey-Chang
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hin-Kiu
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Chia-Fen
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Mei-wen
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rei-Cheng
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D009147:Music Therapy; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome