title: Functional mapping of rat brain activation following rTMS using activity-induced manganese-dependent contrast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional neuroimaging techniques act as the navigator to assess changes in brain activity induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in rTMS studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to measure the brain activity in rTMS studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen Wistar rats were randomized into three groups (n = 6) including a high rTMS group, a low rTMS group and a sham stimulation group (controls). They were given rTMS of 10 Hz, 1 Hz or sham stimulation for 5 hours separately. MEMRI was used to assess the changes of brain activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the controls, image intensity was enhanced differently in various brain regions on T1-weighted images after rTMS with different frequencies, higher intensity and wider enhancement occurred in the high frequency rTMS group as compared with that in the low frequency rTMS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MEMRI can be used to reveal the changes of brain activity in live rats following rTMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current experiment might provide a new functional neuroimaging technique for the study of rTMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fa
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fanheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lujun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Haigang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ruxiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008345:Manganese