title: Detection of distribution of avian influenza H5N1 virus by immunohistochemistry, chromogenic in situ hybridization and real-time PCR techniques in experimentally infected chickens.
abstract: Ten specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated intranasally with avian influenza virus subtype H5N1. Evaluation revealed distribution of the virus in twelve organs: liver, intestine, bursa, lung, trachea, thymus, heart, pancreas, brain, spleen, kidney, and esophagus. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were developed and compared for detection of the virus from the organs. The distribution of avian influenza H5N1 in chickens varied by animal and detecting technique. The heart, kidneys, intestines, lungs, and pancreas were positive with all three techniques, while the others varied by techique. The three techniques can be used to detect avian influenza effectively, but the pros and cons of each technique need to be determined. The decision of which technique to use depends on the objective of the examination, budget, type and quality of samples, laboratory facilities and technician skills.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Research and Development Center (Lower Northern Region), Department of Livestock Development, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanpen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamnanpood
authors.forename: Donruedee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanguansermsri
authors.forename: Sutatip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pongcharoen
authors.forename: Phanchana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanguansermsri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000821:virology; D006321:Heart / Q000821:virology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000821:virology; D014132:Trachea / Q000821:virology