title: Management strategies for acne vulgaris.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  What are the most effective treatment(s) for mild, moderate, severe, and hormonally driven acne?
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mild acne responds favorably to topical treatments such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and a low-dose retinoid. Moderate acne responds well to combination therapy comprising-topical benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and/or retinoids, as well as oral antibiotics in refractory cases and oral contraceptive pills for female acne patients. Severe nodulocystic acne vulgaris responds best to oral isotretinoin therapy. In female patients with moderate to severe acne, facial hair, loss of scalp hair and irregular periods, polycystic ovarian syndrome should be considered and appropriate treatment with hormonal modulation given. Adjunctive procedures can also be considered for all acne patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  PITFALLS TO AVOID WHEN TREATING ACNE: treatment of acne in women of child-bearing age; familiarization of all acne treatments in order to individualize management for patients; indications for specialist referral.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA;
authors.forename: Kristen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: Chérie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ditre