title: The global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: present and future.
abstract: The global risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been largely driven by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection for the past century, along with hepatitis C virus (HCV), aflatoxin, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity/diabetes. The dominant effect of HBV on global HCC risk should decline as the population vaccinated against HBV grows older. Infection with HCV is also expected to decline. Projections of HCV-related HCC rates remaining high for another 30 years may be overly pessimistic. Alcohol may be less of a factor in HCC in coming years. However, obesity and diabetes may become even more important risk factors for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, EPS-5020, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852-7234, USA. mcglynnk@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McGlynn
authors.forename: W Thomas
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male