title: Minigenomes, transcription and replication competent virus-like particles and beyond: reverse genetics systems for filoviruses and other negative stranded hemorrhagic fever viruses.
abstract: Reverse-genetics systems are powerful tools enabling researchers to study the replication cycle of RNA viruses, including filoviruses and other hemorrhagic fever viruses, as well as to discover new antivirals. They include full-length clone systems as well as a number of life cycle modeling systems. Full-length clone systems allow for the generation of infectious, recombinant viruses, and thus are an important tool for studying the virus replication cycle in its entirety. In contrast, life cycle modeling systems such as minigenome and transcription and replication competent virus-like particle systems can be used to simulate and dissect parts of the virus life cycle outside of containment facilities. Minigenome systems are used to model viral genome replication and transcription, whereas transcription and replication competent virus-like particle systems also model morphogenesis and budding as well as infection of target cells. As such, these modeling systems have tremendous potential to further the discovery and screening of new antivirals targeting hemorrhagic fever viruses. This review provides an overview of currently established reverse genetics systems for hemorrhagic fever-causing negative-sense RNA viruses, with a particular emphasis on filoviruses, and the potential application of these systems for antiviral research.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA; Department of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoenen
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groseth
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Kok-Mercado
authors.forename: Jens H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wahl-Jensen
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001116:Arenaviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002043:Bunyaviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016563:Filoviridae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016679:Genome, Viral; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization; D057074:Virus Release; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins