title: The risk of general and abdominal adiposity in the occurrence of new vascular events and mortality in patients with various manifestations of vascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiposity is associated with an increased but also with a decreased risk for successive vascular events or mortality in patients with different manifestations of vascular disease. In this study we directly compare the risk of general adiposity or abdominal obesity on the occurrence of new vascular events or mortality in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD; n=973), coronary artery disease (CAD; n=2339) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD; n=894) were prospectively followed for the occurrence of a vascular event or death. The median follow-up was 4.5 years. Adiposity was assessed with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and determination of intra-abdominal fat through ultrasound. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk for new vascular events, vascular mortality and all-cause mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAD patients had a 12% increased risk for vascular mortality with 1 BMI unit increase (hazard ratio (HR) 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.20) and a 25% increased risk with 1cm increase in intra-abdominal adipose tissue (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.12-1.39). The risk for all-cause mortality was increased by 3% (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05) with 1 cm increase in WC and was increased by 15% (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06-1.25) with 1 cm increase in intra-abdominal adipose tissue. In PAD patients there was an inverse relationship between BMI and vascular mortality (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.98) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86-0.94). In CVD patients there was no relation between obesity and vascular events or mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General adiposity is associated with an increased risk for vascular mortality in CAD patients and a decreased risk for (vascular) mortality in PAD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kanhai
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kappelle
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van der Graaf
authors.forename: C S P M
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Uiterwaal
authors.forename: F L J
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Visseren
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference