title: Classical conditioning and conditioning-specific reflex modification of rabbit heart rate as a function of unconditioned stimulus location.
abstract: Heart rate conditioning is used as an index of conditioned fear and is important for understanding disorders of anxiety and stress, including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One important feature of PTSD is that patients generalize conditioned fear from danger signals to safety signals especially when the two signals have overlapping features. What has not been determined is whether generalization occurs between unconditioned stimuli with overlapping features. In the current experiment, heart rate conditioning and conditioning-specific reflex modification of rabbit heart rate were examined as a function of two different unconditioned stimulus locations. Heart rate conditioning occurred at identical terminal levels whether electrical stimulation was presented near the eye or on the back. Despite different heart rate response topographies to electrical stimulation at the two locations, conditioning-specific reflex modification was detected near the eye and on the back and appeared to generalize between the locations. Interestingly, only conditioning-specific reflex modification detected on the back persisted for a week after heart rate conditioning. This persistence may be a model for some features of post traumatic stress disorder. Overgeneralization of unconditioned responses to unconditioned stimuli similar to the trauma may also be an important aspect of PTSD modeled here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. bschreurs@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Bernard G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schreurs
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith-Bell
authors.forename: Lauren B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Burhans
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors