title: Vinegar for decreasing catheter-associated bacteriuria in long-term catheterized patients: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rice vinegar administered via nasogastric feeding tube on catheter-associated bacteriuria in patients with long-term urinary catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial (n = 60) to compare treatment with dilute vinegar and usual care. The authors recruited patients with chronic catheters from a long-term care facility in northern Taiwan. The experimental group received 100 ml of diluted rice vinegar each day for 4 weeks, whereas the control group received 100 ml of water. The authors analyzed urine weekly and cultured it on Day 28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The generalized estimating equation results showed significant between-group differences in urinary pH, bacterial titer, and turbidity. No patient in the experimental group, but three in the control group, exhibited symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). Rice vinegar may decrease bacteriuria. Medicinal use of vinegar may decrease the risk of symptomatic UTI, but further study is needed to determine the effects of ingesting vinegar for a longer period and with a larger sample size.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
authors.forename: Yu-Chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hsing-Hsia
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000368:Aged; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D019342:Acetic Acid