title: Pathological and mammographic prognostic factors for screen detected cancers in a multi-centre randomised, controlled trial of mammographic screening in women from age 40 to 48 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess pathological and radiological prognostic factors for cancers detected by screening within a multi-centre RCT trial of mammographic screening of younger women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survival of 232 women with screen detected invasive cancer was ascertained. Data on invasive cancer size, histological grade, nodal status, vascular invasion, mammographic spiculation, comedo calcification and mammographic background were assessed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods were used to examine survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis indicated that women with cancers with the following features had poorer survival; ≥ 30 mm, histologically grade 3, heavily node positive (4 or more positive nodes), vascular invasion positive and displaying mammographic comedo calcification. In a multivariate model survival remained poorer in women with four or more nodes positive (HR 8.36, 95% CI 2.31, 30.17) and in those with comedo calcification (HR 3.00,95% CI 1.13, 7.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nodal status and the presence of mammographic comedo calcification have independent prognostic significance in young women with screen detected cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Screening Evaluation Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK. rbennett@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kutt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Record
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bobrow
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanby
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome