title: Determination of toxic metals in some herbal drugs through atomic absorption spectroscopy.
abstract: This study presents a picture of occurrence of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn) in some selected valuable herbal drugs (G. glabra, O. bracteatum, V. odorata , F. vulgare, C. cyminum, C. sativum, and Z. officinalis) purchased from three different zones (southern, eastern, and western) of Karachi city using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Heavy metal concentrations in these drugs were found in the range of: 3.26-30.46 for Pb, 1.6-4.91 for Cd, 0.65-120.21 for Cu, 83.74-433.76 for Zn, 1.61-186.75 for Cr, 0.48-76.97 for Ni, 5.54-77.97 for Co and 65.68-1652.89 µg/g for Fe. Percentage of heavy metals that were found beyond the permissible limits were: 71.4% for Pb, 28.51% for Cd, 14.2% for Cu, and 9.5 % for Cr. Significant difference was noticed for each heavy metal among herbal drugs as well as their zones of collection using two way ANOVA followed by least significant (LSD) test at p<0.05.Purpose of this research is to detect each type of heavy metal contaminant of herbal drugs by environmental pollution, as well as to highlight the health risks associated with the use of such herbal drugs that contain high levels of toxic heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. bushrahina@ymail.com
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hina
authors.forename: Ghazala Hafeez
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Rizwani
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naseem
mesh_terms: D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D028321:Plant Preparations