title: Cardioscopic detection of left ventricular thrombi. -With special reference to a comparison with left ventriculography and echocardiography-.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombosis occurs in the left ventricle and causes ischemic cerebral attacks. However, differences in the incidence of left ventricular thrombi (LVT) among various categories of heart diseases are not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 2000 to 31 March 2008, 258 patients (104 females and 154 males; age 63 ± 6 years) with a heart disease underwent cardioscopy of the left ventricle. LVT were detected by cardioscopy in 78 of 258 patients; 12.5% of 57 patients with stable angina, 0% of 9 with unstable angina, 45.2% of 42 with acute myocardial infarction, 23.2% of 43 with old myocardial infarction, 61.9% of 21 with idiopathic acute myocarditis, 44.3% of 68 with idiopathic chronic myocarditis, 33.3% of 6 with rheumatic valvular disease, 25.7% of 31 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and in 8.0% of 12 with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Nine of 78 thrombi were globular and 69 were mural. The detection rate of LVT by cardioscopy, left venticulography, non-contrast and contrast echocardiography was 30.2%, 2.7%, 1.9% and 7.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LVT were frequently detected by cardioscopy in patients with heart diseases. Although invasive, cardioscopy was more sensitive in detecting LVT than left ventriculography, and non-contrast and contrast echocardiography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Toho University Medical Center Ohmori Hospital, Japan. uchiy@ta2.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Yasumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology