title: Serological survey of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in South Africa.
abstract: A total of 719 serum samples collected from clinically healthy cattle from eight provinces located in different districts of South Africa were examined by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the standard indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to determine the serological prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. The results showed that 35.3% and 39.7% of cattle were positive for B. bovis and 30% and 36.5% were positive for B. bigemina antibodies on ELISA and IFAT, respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 18.2% and 26.3% of the samples using ELISA and IFAT, respectively. Consequently, the ELISAs with recombinant B. bovis spherical body protein-4 (BbSBP-4) and B. bigemina C-terminal rhoptry-associated protein-1 (BbigRAP-1/CT) were proven to be highly reliable in the serological diagnoses of bovine babesiosis in South African cattle, as evidenced by the significant concordance rates when the results were compared to those of IFAT. Moreover, the serological prevalence was significantly different among the tested provinces, in which the ranges exhibited between 15% and 73% for B. bovis infection and between 13% and 54% for B. bigemina infection. High sero-positive rates were present in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, while the lowest rate was in the North West province. Our data provide important information regarding the current seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in South Africa, which might be beneficial in developing rational strategies for disease control and management.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohamad Alaa
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Terkawi
authors.forename: Oriel M M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Thekisoe
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katsande
authors.forename: Abdalla A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mans
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matthee
authors.forename: Nozipho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mkize
authors.forename: Nomsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mabogoane
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Xuenan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001403:Babesia / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012698:Serologic Tests; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology