title: Topographical anatomy and desensitization of the pudendal nerve in adult male dromedary camels.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to describe the topographical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and to develop techniques of its blocking in adult male dromedary camels. Two cadavers and 30 adult male dromedary camels were used for the description of topographical anatomy and pudendal nerve block techniques, respectively. Results revealed that the pudendal nerve arises from the ventral branches of the 2(nd) and 3(rd) sacral spinal nerves. The nerve had three divisions; dorsal, middle, and ventral. The caudal rectal nerve was a branch of the dorsal division. Three blocking techniques were developed according to the results of topographical anatomy. The first technique was 15 cm cranial to the tail base and 7 cm lateral to the midline. The second was 12 cm cranial to the tail base and 7 cm lateral to the midline. The third was about 3 cm on either sides of the anus. Details and complications of each technique were reported. In conclusion, the anatomy of the pudendal nerve was different from that of cattle and horse. The second technique (12 cm cranial to the tail base and 7 cm lateral to the midline) for pudendal nerve block was superior among the three methods. Duration of nerve blocking was suitable for examination and for performing some surgical procedures in male dromedary camels.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. afahmed1970@gmail.com
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Sobayil
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Halag
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002162:Camelus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D060525:Pudendal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine