title: Tinnitus in the general population with a focus on noise and stress: a public health study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of noise and stress on the probability of tinnitus in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data were obtained from 12,166 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each year of age increased the odds ratio of tinnitus by about 3%. Men generally showed a higher risk for tinnitus compared with women. Exposure to noise and stress emerged important for the probability of tinnitus. However, for the transition from mild to severe tinnitus, stress turned out to be especially important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress management strategies should be included in hearing conservation programs, especially for individuals with mild tinnitus who report a high stress load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Halland County Council, Halmstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baigi
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oden
authors.forename: Vibeke
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Almlid-Larsen
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barrenäs
authors.forename: Kajsa-Mia
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Holgers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult