title: Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage secondary to warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation: a case report and literature review.
abstract: Alveolar haemorrhage is a rare and serious medical emergency with many causes. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage due to warfarin therapy has been rarely reported in the literature. In this paper, we describe the case of 62-year-old woman with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin, who was admitted to our institution with haemoptysis and dyspnoea. Alveolar haemorrhage was suspected clinically and subsequently confirmed by bronchoscopy. The patient required aggressive treatment with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K and mechanical ventilation with a successful outcome. We emphasise the need for early diagnosis and fast therapeutic intervention, especially with over-anticoagulation (INR >9), in patients with this rare and potentially lethal condition.
authors.affiliation: King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guards, Internal Medicine - Code 1443, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdelkarim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waness
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aldabbagh
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harakati