title: Cardiovascular MRI in clinical trials: expanded applications through novel surrogate endpoints.
abstract: Recent advances in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) now allow the accurate and reproducible measurement of many aspects of cardiac and vascular structure and function, with prognostic data emerging for several key imaging biomarkers. These biomarkers are increasingly used in the evaluation of new drugs, devices and lifestyle modifications for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review outlines a conceptual framework for the application of imaging biomarkers to clinical trials, highlights several important CMR techniques which are in use in randomised studies, and reviews certain aspects of trial design, conduct and interpretation in relation to the use of CMR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, UK.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pitcher
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashby
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Steffen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers