title: The intensity and effects of strength training in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The elderly need strength training more and more as they grow older to stay mobile for their everyday activities. The goal of training is to reduce the loss of muscle mass and the resulting loss of motor function. The dose-response relationship of training intensity to training effect has not yet been fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed was selectively searched for articles that appeared in the past 5 years about the effects and dose-response relationship of strength training in the elderly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strength training in the elderly (>60 years) increases muscle strength by increasing muscle mass, and by improving the recruitment of motor units, and increasing their firing rate. Muscle mass can be increased through training at an intensity corresponding to 60% to 85% of the individual maximum voluntary strength. Improving the rate of force development requires training at a higher intensity (above 85%), in the elderly just as in younger persons. It is now recommended that healthy old people should train 3 or 4 times weekly for the best results; persons with poor performance at the outset can achieve improvement even with less frequent training. Side effects are rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive strength training in the elderly is efficient, even with higher intensities, to reduce sarcopenia, and to retain motor function.
authors.affiliation: Hochschulambulanz der Universität Potsdam, Zentrum für Freizeit-, Gesundheits- und Leistungssport, Germany. fmayer@uni-potsdam.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scharhag-Rosenberger
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlsohn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scharhag
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome