title: Effects of 24 hours of tobacco withdrawal and subsequent tobacco smoking among low and high sensation seekers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have indicated that high sensation seekers are more sensitive to the reinforcing effects of nicotine, initiate smoking at an earlier age, and smoke greater amounts of cigarettes. This study examined the influence of sensation-seeking status on tobacco smoking following deprivation in regular tobacco users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy tobacco-smoking volunteers with low or high impulsive sensation-seeking subscale scores completed 2 consecutive test days per week for 3 consecutive weeks. Each week, a range of self-report, performance, and cardiovascular assessments were completed during ad libitum smoking on Day 1 and before and after the paced smoking of a tobacco cigarette containing 0.05, 0.6, or 0.9 mg of nicotine following 24 hr of tobacco deprivation on Day 2. In addition, self-administration behavior was analyzed during a 2-hr free access period after the initial tobacco administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In high sensation seekers, tobacco smoking independent of nicotine yield ameliorated deprivation effects, whereas amelioration of deprivation effects was dependent on nicotine yield among low sensation seekers. However, this effect was limited to a small subset of measures. Subsequent cigarette self-administration increased in a nicotine-dependent manner for high sensation seekers only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with low sensation seekers, high sensation seekers were more sensitive to the withdrawal relieving effects of nonnicotine components of smoking following 24 hr of deprivation on selective measures and more sensitive to nicotine yield during subsequent tobacco self-administration. These results are consistent with studies suggesting that factors driving tobacco dependence may vary as a function of sensation-seeking status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA. dclee2@email.uky.edu
authors.forename: Dustin C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide