title: Dectin1 activation of β-(1-3)/(1-6)-D-glucan produces an anti-mastitis effect in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis model in rats was used to study the protective effect of β-glucan.
  
  
  METHODS
  On gestation day 10, β-glucan was administered to rats daily by gavage at either 0 (control), 0.1 mg/kg BW, 1 mg/kg BW and 10 mg/kg BW until parturition. LPS or pyrogen-free physiological saline was inoculated into the mammary gland 72 h after parturition and the rats were euthanized at 12 h post-infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS increased dectin1 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein expression significantly in mammary tissues. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) in mammary tissues and serum, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in mammary tissues were significantly increased 12 h after LPS infusion. β-glucan administration could enhance dectin1 mRNA and protein expression while downregulating the expression of TLR4. Level of TNF-α, IL-1β in mammary tissues and serum, MPO, NAGase and iNOs activity in mammary tissues was decreased, but the level of IL-2 in serum was increased by β-glucan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that β-glucan may protect mammary tissue against LPS-induced rat acute mastitis.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Beibei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Jingye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sixiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D008413:Mastitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011509:Proteoglycans; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011509:Proteoglycans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D047071:beta-Glucans; D000099181:Dectin-1; C064197:beta-1,6-glucan; C010770:polysaccharide-K