title: Cardiac arrhythmias during aerobatic flight and its simulation on a centrifuge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that accelerations during centrifuge training and during flight can provoke cardiac arrhythmias. Our study was designed to investigate both the similarities and differences between heart rhythm disturbances during flights and centrifuge tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 40 asymptomatic, healthy pilots who performed two training flights and were also tested in a human centrifuge according to a program of rapid onset rate acceleration (ROR) and of centrifuge simulation of the actual acceleration experienced in flight (Simulation). During the flight and centrifuge tests ECG was monitored with the Holter method. ECG was examined for heart rhythm changes and disturbances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During flights, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were found in 25% of the subjects, premature supraventricular contractions (PSVCs) and PVCs with bigeminy in 5%, and pairs of PVCs in 2.5% of subjects. During the centrifuge tests, PVCs were experienced by 45% of the subjects, PSVCs and pairs of PVCs by 7.5%, and PVCs with bigeminy by 2.5%. Sinus bradycardia was observed during flights and centrifuge tests in 7.5% of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparative evaluation of electrocardiographic records in military pilots during flights and centrifuge tests demonstrated that: 1) there were no clinically significant arrhythmias recorded; and 2) the frequency and kind of heart rhythm disturbances during aerobatic flight and its simulation on a centrifuge were not identical and did not occur repetitively in the same persons during equal phases of the tests.
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. ezawadzka@wiml.waw.pl
authors.forename: Ewelina K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Zawadzka-Bartczak
authors.forename: Lech H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kopka
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D001359:Aviation; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000209:etiology; D002498:Centrifugation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013178:Sports Medicine