title: Smith machine counterbalance system affects measures of maximal bench press throw performance.
abstract: Equipment with counterbalance weight systems is commonly used for the assessment of performance in explosive resistance exercise movements, but it is not known if such systems affect performance measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a counterbalance weight system on measures of smith machine bench press throw performance. Ten men and 14 women (mean ± SD: age, 25 ± 4 years; height, 173 ± 10 cm; weight, 77.7 ± 18.3 kg) completed maximal smith machine bench press throws under 4 different conditions (2 × 2; counterbalance × load): with or without a counterbalance weight system and using 'light' or 'moderate' net barbell loads. Performance variables (peak force, peak velocity, and peak power) were measured using a linear accelerometer attached to the barbell. The counterbalance weight system resulted in significant (p < 0.001) reductions in measures of peak force (mean difference ± standard error: light: -112 ± 20 N; moderate: -140 ± 23 N), peak velocity (light: -0.49 ± 0.10 m·s; moderate: -0.33 ± 0.07 m·s), and peak power (light: -220 ± 43 W; moderate: -143 ± 28 W) compared with no counterbalance system for both load conditions. Load condition did not affect absolute or percentage reductions from the counterbalance weight system for any variable. In conclusion, the use of a counterbalance weight system reduces accelerometer-based performance measures for the bench press throw exercise at light and moderate loads. This reduction in measures is likely because of an increase in the external resistance during the movement, which results in a discrepancy between the manually input and the actual value for external load. A counterbalance weight system should not be used when measuring performance in explosive resistance exercises with an accelerometer.
authors.affiliation: Applied Physiology Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA. jakob.vingren@unt.edu
authors.forename: Jakob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vingren
authors.forename: Harsh H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Buddhadev
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019876:Sports Equipment; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult