title: Predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptomatology in female and male OEF/OIF veterans.
abstract: [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 120(4) of Journal of Abnormal Psychology (see record 2011-19996-001). In the article there was an error in the affiliation bylines for Rani Elwy and Susan Eisen. Their affiliations should have been listed as Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Health Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health.] Prior research on risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) in war-exposed Veterans has revealed both direct and indirect mechanisms of risk that span predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment timeframes. The aims of the present study were to identify the mechanisms through which previously documented risk factors contribute to PTSS in a national sample of 579 female and male Veterans deployed to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) or to Iraq for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), as well as to examine the extent to which results mirror associations observed among Vietnam Veterans (King, King, Foy, Keane, & Fairbank, 1999). Consistent with conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), findings indicated that PTSS is accounted for by multiple chains of risk, many originating in predeployment experiences that place Veterans at risk for additional stress exposure, and foretell difficulty accessing resources in the face of subsequent stressors. Importantly, the majority of previously documented mechanisms were replicated in this study, suggesting key pathways through which risk factors may contribute to PTSS across different Veteran populations. Results also revealed a number of novel risk mechanisms for OEF/OIF female Veterans, particularly with respect to the role of deployment family relationships in risk for PTSS.
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System.
authors.forename: Dawne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (CHQOER), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital.
authors.forename: Rani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elwy
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research, Bryn Mawr College.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (CHQOER), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (CHQOER), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital.
authors.forename: Mari-Lynn
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7214-8037
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Drainoni
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Quality, Outcomes and Economic Research (CHQOER), Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3725-0041
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eisen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003710:Demography; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D047829:Vietnam Conflict; D055815:Young Adult