title: Identifying patterns of recovery experiences and their links to psychological outcomes across one year.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of this study was to examine patterns of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery and control during off-job time) and their links to psychological outcomes (job burnout, work engagement and sleep problems) across 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on 1-year longitudinal data collected among Finnish employees (n = 274) using questionnaires. First, patterns of recovery experiences, that is, subgroups of employees with unique and distinctive patterns of mean-level stability and change in recovery experiences across 1 year were identified using Latent Profile Analysis. Second, differences in psychological outcomes between the patterns identified were investigated by means of ANOVA/ANCOVA for repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patterns of recovery experiences were identified. Over 70% of the employees belonged to a pattern with reasonably high stable levels of all four recovery experiences across the 1-year follow-up. This pattern seemed to suffer least from job burnout and sleep problems. Of the four remaining patterns, those with experiences of high levels of mastery and control during off-job time had highest work engagement, and among those with decreasing levels of all recovery experiences job exhaustion increased across time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of recovery experiences play a significant role in maintaining long-term psychological well-being.
authors.affiliation: University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. marjo.siltaloppi@uta.fi
authors.forename: Marjo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siltaloppi
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feldt
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolvanen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003289:Convalescence; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012063:Relaxation; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology