title: Artificial semi-rigid tissue sensitized with natural pigments: Effect of photon radiations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new approach for evaluating the optical penetration depth and testing its validity with Monte Carlo simulations and Kubelka-Munk theory is used for artificial semi-rigid tissue sensitized with natural pigments. Photodynamic therapy is a promising cancer treatment in which a photosensitizing drug concentrates in malignant cells and is activated by visible light at certain wavelength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cheap artificial semi-rigid tissue incorporated with scattering and absorbing materials along with some other composites comparable to normal human tissue has been performed. The optical parameters as measured with different conditions and calculated with various techniques are investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability of interaction of light with tissue is very high when exposed to light in presence of Cichorium pumilum and RBCs followed by photohemolysis or/and photodegradation. The optical penetration depth calculated by linear absorption coefficient ranges from 0.63 to 2.85 mm is found to be comparable to those calculated using Kubelka-Munk theory or Monte Carlo simulation (range from 0.78 to 2.42 mm). The ratio of absorption to the scattering is independent of thickness and decreases with increasing irradiation time. Moreover, the optical parameters as well as their ratios are in very good agreement in the two approaches of calculation. The values of absorption and scattering coefficients are independent of thickness. Furthermore, the average photon ranges in the samples containing no scattering and absorbing materials are about three times greater than those samples containing scattering materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that light propagation with optical properties presented in this work could be applicable in diagnostic and therapeutic of the human biological tissue for photodynamic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Bio-Medical Physics Laboratory, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaradat
authors.forename: M-Ali H
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Akhras
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makhadmeh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aljarrah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Omari
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ababneh
authors.forename: Majed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masadeh
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Al-Khateeb
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Albiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alshorman