title: Dynamic component of sports is an important determinant factor of heart rate recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is usually suggested that life expectancy of top athletes especially in endurance sports is longer than that of sedentary people. On the other hand, heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, but differences in HRR between various top athletes are unclear. We examined HRR in various top athletes to clarify a role of HRR that may affect their life expectancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  HRR was defined as the difference between the heart rate at peak exercise and that at 2 min after the finish of exercise using symptom-limited maximal graded bicycle ergometer exercise testing. The relationships between HRR with the grade of static and dynamic component of classification of sports, age, and body mass index (BMI) were estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 720 male athletes participating in the National Sports Festival Japan in 2005-2008 and age-matched 28 sedentary controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRR was significantly correlated (p<0.0001) with the higher grade of dynamic component of sports, younger age, and lower BMI in both univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRR of top athletes is predicted by increased dynamic component of sports, younger age, and lower BMI.
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City Sports Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan. junagashima-circ@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Musha
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chikaraishi
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagehashi
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Narumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishige
authors.forename: Rikiya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.forename: Atushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: Ririko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Haruhito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murayama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult