title: Risk factors of dementia in North India: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of dementia in northern India is among the lowest in the world but reasons are unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk and protective factors for dementia in North India.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study, we investigated demographic, medical, genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and sociocultural protective and risk factors associated with dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  150 patients of dementia (118 males and 32 females) and 150 healthy controls (112 males and 38 females) were included in the study. Diabetes, depression, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperlipidemia, APOE ε4 gene, BMI, use of saturated fatty acids, pickles in diet, urban living, and lack of exercise were associated with independent risk of dementia. Various dietary factors and sociocultural factors, like cognitively stimulating activities, active socialization, living in joint families, increased intake of polyunsaturated fats, fruits, and salads conferred protection against dementia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary, lifestyle, and sociocultural interventions may be protective against dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. manjari.tripathi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vibha
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: M V Padma
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vivekanandhan
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhushan Singh
authors.forename: Kameshwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dergalust
authors.forename: Mario F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mendez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4