title: Three-dimensional body scanning: a new method to estimate body surface area in neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body surface area (BSA) is usually estimated by calculation with mathematical formulae. Three-dimensional body scanning (3D scan) offers a suitable alternative.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We determined the BSA in healthy term and near-term neonates by 3D scanning. This system should be useful in the setting of intensive care medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The measuring system consisted of a projector, two cameras, mirrors and a computer, and used the fringe projection technique with visible light. The infants were examined in a supine position; the hidden parts of the bodies were corrected for using a mathematical factor developed with a baby doll model. Results of the 3D scans were compared with those from five mathematical formulae for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 209 infants were studied by 3D scanning, of whom 53 had acceptable images and were selected for further analysis. The mean BSA was 2,139 cm(2) (SD 223.72). The minimal BSA was 1,587 cm(2), the maximal 2,670 cm(2), with a good correlation to body weight and length. One mathematical formula (Du Bois and Du Bois) showed a distinct underestimation of BSA compared to 3D scanning, the others an overestimation. Mean percentage similarity was from 96.8 to 100.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D scanning is an accurate and practical method to estimate BSA in newborns. Individual and repeated measurements from day to day are possible. Further studies are warranted in preterm and sick neonates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. rolf.schloesser@kgu.de
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schloesser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lauff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buxmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allendorf
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001724:Birth Weight; D001830:Body Surface Area; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results