title: Subamolide E from Cinnamomum subavenium induces sub-G1 cell-cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis and reduces the migration ability of human melanoma cells.
abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the anticancer cytotoxic effects of natural compound subamolide E on the human skin cancer melanoma A375.S2 cells. Subamolide E was isolated from Cinnamomum subavenium and demonstrated cytotoxicities in the cell-growth assay at concentration ranges from 0 to 100 μM at 24 h. Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to evaluate cell-cycle distribution and found that subamolide E caused DNA damage in the sub-G1 phase with a dose-dependent manner after 24 h of treatment. According to the western blot result, subamolide-E-treated cells with the increase of caspase-dependent apoptotic proteins induced related pathway mechanisms. Subamolide E also showed antimigratory activities of A375.S2 cells on the wound-healing assay. Finally, subamolide E demonstrated minor cytotoxicities to normal human skin cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts); therefore, it is a potential chemotherapeutic agent against skin melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chien-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Pei-Fang
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D027424:Cinnamomum / Q000737:chemistry*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C525770:subamolide E; D020169:Caspases; D015107:4-Butyrolactone