title: Classical risk factors of cardiovascular disease among Chinese male steel workers: a prospective cohort study for 20 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes a major public health problem in China and worldwide. We aimed to examine classical risk factors and their magnitudes for CVD in a Chinese cohort with over 20 years follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 5092 male steelworkers recruited from 1974 to 1980 in Beijing of China was followed up for an average of 20.84 years. Cox proportional-hazards regression model were used to evaluate the risk of developing a first CVD event in the study participants who were free of CVD at the baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) associated with every 20 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 1.63 in this Chinese male population, which was higher than in Caucasians. Compared to non-smokers, men who smoked not less than one-pack-a-day had a HR of 2.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-3.38). The HR (95% CI) for every 20 mg/dl increase in total serum cholesterol (TC) and for every point rise in body mass index (BMI) was 1.13 (1.04-1.23) and 1.06 (1.02-1.09), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study documents that hypertension, smoking, overweight and hypercholesterolemia are major conventional risk factors of CVD in Chinese male adults. Continued strengthening programs for prevention and intervention on these risk factors are needed to reduce the incidence of CVD in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Evidence Based Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Enchun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jichun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Dongling
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shufeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiufang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xigui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013232:Steel
chemical_list: D013232:Steel