title: Examining change in emotional-social intelligence, caring, and leadership in health professions students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and compare the development of emotional-social intelligence (ESI), caring, and leadership of nursing and physical therapy students from the beginning of their professional education until after their first clinical experiences.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the beginning of their first professional year, 73 nursing students and 60 physical therapy students completed three self-report questionnaires: the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory Short (EQ-i:S) for ESI, the Caring Ability Inventory, and the Self-Assessment Leadership Instrument (SALI). For each instrument, higher scores represent higher levels of ESI, caring, or leadership, respectively. The students completed the questionnaires again after finishing their first clinical experiences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures (group vs time) revealed a significant interaction for the total score of the EQ-i:S. At both time periods, scores on the SALI were lower for the nursing students compared to the physical therapy students. There were no other significant time or group effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing and physical therapy students had little change in ESI, leadership, and caring between the start of their academic programs and completion of their first clinical affiliations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Ithaca College, 953 Danby Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. hlarin@ithaca.edu
authors.forename: Hélène M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Larin
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ploeg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004506:Education, Nursing; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009518:New York; D009864:Ontario; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000193:education*; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D015397:Program Evaluation