title: CKD in Hispanics: Baseline characteristics from the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) and Hispanic-CRIC Studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known regarding chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Hispanics. We compared baseline characteristics of Hispanic participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and Hispanic-CRIC (H-CRIC) Studies with non-Hispanic CRIC participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were aged 21-74 years with CKD using age-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at enrollment into the CRIC/H-CRIC Studies. H-CRIC included Hispanics recruited at the University of Illinois in 2005-2008, whereas CRIC included Hispanics and non-Hispanics recruited at 7 clinical centers in 2003-2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Race/ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use, and CKD-associated complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic characteristics, laboratory data, blood pressure, and medications were assessed using standard techniques and protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of H-CRIC/CRIC participants, 497 were Hispanic, 1,650 were non-Hispanic black, and 1,638 were non-Hispanic white. Low income and educational attainment were nearly twice as prevalent in Hispanics compared with non-Hispanics (P < 0.01). Hispanics had self-reported diabetes (67%) more frequently than non-Hispanic blacks (51%) and whites (40%; P < 0.01). Blood pressure >130/80 mm Hg was more common in Hispanics (62%) than blacks (57%) and whites (35%; P < 0.05), and abnormalities in hematologic, metabolic, and bone metabolism parameters were more prevalent in Hispanics (P < 0.05), even after stratifying by entry eGFR. Hispanics had the lowest use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs among the high-risk subgroups, including participants with diabetes, proteinuria, and blood pressure >130/80 mm Hg. Mean eGFR was lower in Hispanics (39.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) than in blacks (43.7 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and whites (46.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), whereas median proteinuria was higher in Hispanics (protein excretion, 0.72 g/d) than in blacks (0.24 g/d) and whites (0.12 g/d; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generalizability; observed associations limited by residual bias and confounding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hispanics with CKD in the CRIC/H-CRIC Studies are disproportionately burdened with lower socioeconomic status, more frequent diabetes mellitus, less ACE-inhibitor/ARB use, worse blood pressure control, and more severe CKD and associated complications than their non-Hispanic counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. fischerm@uic.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lora
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ackerson
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohan
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.forename: Akinlolu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ricardo
authors.forename: Leigh K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Kaixiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Harold I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult