title: [Preparation of podophyllotoxin nanostructured lipid carriers and its effects on immortalized human cervical epithelial cells with HPV infection in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of podophyllotoxin nanostructured lipid carriers (POD-NLC) on immortalized human cervical epithelial cells (H8) infected with HPV in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  POD-NLC was prepared by emulsion evaporation method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Zetasizer analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). H8 cells were treated with different concentrations (0.0001-1 µg/ml) of POD-NLC, free POD, or blank nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), and the cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay to evaluate the cytotoxic effects. The changes of cell morphology were observed using fluorescence microscopy, and the cell cycle changes and cell apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  POD-NLC showed a spherical or elliptical shape with good stability in vitro. The average particle size of POD-NLC was 85.6∓10.25 nm, with a Zeta potential of 26.2∓4.1 mV and entrapment efficiency of POD of (88.56∓3.1)%. POD-NLC caused a significant inhibition of H8 cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. At an equivalent concentration, POD-NLC produced a stronger inhibitory effect on cell proliferation than POD. The inhibition rate of H8 cells after a 48-h exposure to POD-NLC and POD reached 95.8% and 65.6%, respectively, and at the highest concentration of 1 µg/ml, the IC(50) of POD-NLC and POD was 0.015 µg/ml and 0.13 µg/ml, respectively. Blank NLC did not obviously affect the proliferation of H8 cells. POD-NLC and POD both caused obvious increases in G(2)/M phase cell percentages and induced typical apoptotic changes of the cells, and their effects were comparable (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with POD, POD-NLC has more potent effect in inhibiting H8 cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis, suggesting its potential in the treatment of cervical HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515,China. csb198068@126.com
authors.forename: Shu-bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Guo-feng
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xiao-liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jin-jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids; D049329:Nanostructures; D010316:Particle Size; D011034:Podophyllotoxin / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D011034:Podophyllotoxin