title: Phlorhizin protects against erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling.
abstract: Phlorhizin interferes with glucose transport. Glucose depletion triggers suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling. Eryptosis is further triggered by oxidative stress. The present study explored whether phlorhizin influences eryptosis following glucose depletion or oxidative stress. Cell membrane scrambling was estimated from annexin binding, cell volume from forward scatter (FSC), and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration from Fluo-3 fluorescence. Phlorhizin (10-100 μM) added alone did not modify scrambling, FSC, or Fluo-3 fluorescence. Glucose depletion (48 h) significantly increased Fluo-3 fluorescence, decreased FSC, and increased annexin binding, effects in part significantly blunted by phlorhizin (annexin binding ≥ 10 μM, FSC ≥ 50 μM). Oxidative stress (30 min 0.3 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide) again significantly increased Fluo-3 fluorescence and triggered annexin binding, effects again in part significantly blunted by phlorhizin (Fluo-3 fluorescence ≥ 50 μM, annexin-binding ≥ 10 μM). Phlorhizin did not blunt the cell shrinkage induced by oxidative stress. The present observations disclose a novel effect of phlorhizin, that is, an influence on suicidal erythrocyte death following energy depletion and oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gatidis
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jilani
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zelenak
authors.forename: Syed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D010695:Phlorhizin