title: [Soft tissue sarcoma of the upper extremities. Analysis of factors relevant for prognosis in 160 patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare entity with reduced prognosis due to their aggressive biology. For an optimal treatment of STS identification of independent prognostic factors is crucial in order to reduce tumor-related mortality and recurrence rates. The surgical oncological concept includes wide excisions with resection safety margins >1 cm which enables acceptable functional results and reduced rates of amputation of the lower extremities. In contrast, individual anatomy of the upper extremities, in particular of the hand, leads to an intentional reduction of resection margins in order to preserve the extremity and its function with the main intention of tumor-free resection margins. In this study, the oncological safety and outcome as well as functional results were validated by a retrospective analysis of survival rate, recurrence rate and potential prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 patients who had been treated for STS of the upper extremities were retrospectively included. Independent prognostic factors were analyzed (primary versus recurrent tumor, tumor size, resection status, grade of malignancy, additional therapy, localization in the upper extremity). Kaplan-Meier analyses for survival rate and local control were calculated. Further outcome measures were functional results validated by the DASH score and rate of amputation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 130 patients (81%) wide tumor excision (R0) was performed and in 19 patients (12%) an amputation was necessary. The 5-year overall survival rate was 70% and the 5-year survival rate in primary tumors was 81% whereas in recurrences 55% relapsed locally. The 10-year overall survival rate was 45% and the 5-year recurrence rate was 18% for primary STS and 43% for recurrent STS.                         Variance analysis revealed primary versus recurrent tumor, tumor size, resection status and grade of malignancy as independent prognostic factors. Analysis of functional results showed a median DASH score of 37 (0-100; 0=contralateral extremity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 5-year survival and local recurrence rates are comparable to STS wide resections with safety margins >1 cm for the lower extremities and the trunk. Analysis of prognostic factors revealed resection status and the tumor-free resection margins to be the main goals in STS resection of upper extremity.
authors.affiliation: Referenzzentrum für Gliedmaßentumoren, Handchirurgiezentrum, Universitätsklinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Schwerbrandverletzte, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. marcus.lehnhardt@bgu-ludwigshafen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirche
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daigeler
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goertz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drücke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Steinau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001132:Arm / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006225:Hand / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D023821:Limb Salvage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult