title: The susceptibility of small fruits and cherries to the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is native to Asia and was first detected in the North American mainland and Europe in 2008-2010. Drosophila suzukii is a serious economic pest to stone and small fruits because the female lays eggs within ripening fruit on a plant before harvest, which can lead to crop loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, raspberries and strawberries to D. suzukii among various ripeness stages and cultivars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 26 no-choice and choice replicated laboratory cage tests on ripeness stages, fruits were generally susceptible to D. suzukii once fruits started to color. Few D. suzukii developed on green fruit, wine grapes or overripe blueberries. In seven cultivar tests, D. suzukii preferences ranged from no differences to fourfold differences for specific cultivars of blackberries, blueberries, raspberries and wine grapes. As brix levels increased, more eggs were laid or more D. suzukii developed on blackberries, blueberries, cherries, raspberries and strawberries. In a choice test of various fruit types, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cherries and blueberries were more susceptible to D. suzukii than green table grapes ('Thompson').
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that fruits may become susceptible to D. suzukii as they start to turn color, and that specific varieties of grapes and overripe blueberries have low susceptibility to D. suzukii.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA. jana.lee@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Jana C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Denny J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bruck
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haviland
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Steenwyk
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Yorgey
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D004330:Drosophila / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development*; D016014:Linear Models; D009922:Oregon; D010058:Oviposition; D013045:Species Specificity