title: Near-field dosimetry for in vitro exposure of human cells at 60 GHz.
abstract: Due to the expected mass deployment of millimeter-wave wireless technologies, thresholds of potential millimeter-wave-induced biological and health effects should be carefully assessed. The main purpose of this study is to propose, optimize, and characterize a near-field exposure configuration allowing illumination of cells in vitro at 60 GHz with power densities up to several tens of mW/cm(2) . Positioning of a tissue culture plate containing cells has been optimized in the near-field of a standard horn antenna operating at 60 GHz. The optimal position corresponds to the maximal mean-to-peak specific absorption rate (SAR) ratio over the cell monolayer, allowing the achievement of power densities up to 50 mW/cm(2) at least. Three complementary parameters have been determined and analyzed for the exposed cells, namely the power density, SAR, and temperature dynamics. The incident power density and SAR have been computed using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The temperature dynamics at different locations inside the culture medium are measured and analyzed for various power densities. Local SAR, determined based on the initial rate of temperature rise, is in a good agreement with the computed SAR (maximal difference of 5%). For the optimized exposure setup configuration, 73% of cells are located within the ±3 dB region with respect to the average SAR. It is shown that under the considered exposure conditions, the maximal power density, local SAR, and temperature increments equal 57 mW/cm(2) , 1.4 kW/kg, and 6 °C, respectively, for the radiated power of 425 mW.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), University of Rennes, France. maxim.zhadobov@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhadobov
authors.forename: Ronan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauleau
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Augustine
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Quément
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Dréan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thouroude
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011846:Radio Waves; D011874:Radiometry; D013696:Temperature; D059015:Wireless Technology