title: Where, when and why brain activation differs for bilinguals and monolinguals during picture naming and reading aloud.
abstract: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that when bilinguals named pictures or read words aloud, in their native or nonnative language, activation was higher relative to monolinguals in 5 left hemisphere regions: dorsal precentral gyrus, pars triangularis, pars opercularis, superior temporal gyrus, and planum temporale. We further demonstrate that these areas are sensitive to increasing demands on speech production in monolinguals. This suggests that the advantage of being bilingual comes at the expense of increased work in brain areas that support monolingual word processing. By comparing the effect of bilingualism across a range of tasks, we argue that activation is higher in bilinguals compared with monolinguals because word retrieval is more demanding; articulation of each word is less rehearsed; and speech output needs careful monitoring to avoid errors when competition for word selection occurs between, as well as within, language.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK. o.parkerjones@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Oiwi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parker Jones
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pliatsikas
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Filippopolitis
authors.forename: Nilufa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Hwee Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramsden
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gazarian
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prejawa
authors.forename: Mohamed L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Seghier
authors.forename: Cathy J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D009275:Names; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011930:Reaction Time; D011932:Reading; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen