title: Screening for delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children who previously passed the newborn hearing screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children who previously passed newborn hearing screening in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2009 and September 2010, 21,427 preschool children were enrolled from five areas of Shanghai, who had passed newborn hearing screening. Children were screened for delayed-onset hearing loss with pediatric audiometers. Children with positive results in initial and re-screening tests were assessed audiologically and for risk indicators according to the Year 2007 Statement of the American Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 445 children (2.08%) were referred for audiologic assessment; 16 (0.75/1000, 95% CI 0.38-1.12) had permanent delayed-onset hearing loss. Of these, five (0.23/1000) had bilateral moderate hearing loss; seven (0.33/1000) had mild bilateral hearing loss; and four (0.19/1000) had unilateral moderate or mild hearing loss. JCIH risk indicators were established for six children (6/16, 37.5%), including parental concern regarding speech and language developmental delay, neonatal intensive care unit with assisted ventilation or hyperbilirubinemia, recurrent otitis media with effusion, craniofacial malformation, and family history (n=1 for each). The remaining ten (62.5%) had no related risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of preschool children have undiagnosed delayed-onset hearing loss. Hearing screening in preschool is recommended for an early detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Jingrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Mingliang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yongchuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guoyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D001299:Audiometry / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors