title: Is port site resection necessary in the surgical management of gallbladder cancer?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In selected patients with incidental gallbladder carcinoma (GBCA) diagnosed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), definitive resection is warranted. Port site excision has been advocated but remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with GBCA were identified through institutional/departmental databases. The subset of patients with incidental tumors identified after LC and submitted to definitive surgical therapy were selected. Those subjected to port site resection were compared with patients who underwent resection without port site removal and analyzed for differences in recurrence patterns and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1992 to 2009, 113 patients with incidental GBCA presented for definitive resection after LC; 69 patients had port site resection and 44 did not. In the resected port site group, depth of tumor invasion was T1b = 6, T2 = 35, T3 = 28, and 13 (19%) had port site metastases. Port site disease was seen only in patients with T2 or T3 tumors and correlated with the development of peritoneal metastases (P = 0.01). Median survival of patients with T2/T3 tumors without port site metastases was 42 months compared to 17 months in patients with port site disease (P = 0.005). When only R0 resected patients were compared and adjusted for T and N stage, port site resection was not associated with overall survival (P = 0.23) or recurrence-free survival (P = 0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with incidental GBCA, port site metastases were associated with peritoneal disease and decreased survival. Port site resection was not associated with improved survival or disease recurrence and should not be considered mandatory during definitive surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. amaker@uic.edu
authors.forename: Ajay V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Maker
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oxenberg
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuk
authors.forename: Mithat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonen
authors.forename: Yuman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dematteo
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: D'Angelica
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarnagin
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate