title: Factors associated with parametrial involvement in stage IB1 cervical cancer and identification of patients suitable for less radical surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to determine possible factors associated with parametrial spread in patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer and define parameters associated with a low risk for parametrial spread, in order to identify candidates for less radical surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 200 patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer who had undergone radical hysterectomy (class III) and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 20 (10.0%) of the 200 patients revealed parametrial spread, of which 11 (55%) had only direct microscopic extension of the disease, 3 (15%) had only disease spread to parametrial lymph nodes, 1 (5%) had both direct microscopic extension and disease spread to parametrial lymph nodes, and 5 (25%) had only tumor emboli within the lymph vascular channels in the parametrial tissue. Elderly age, depth of invasion, tumor size, lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI), positive pelvic nodes, and ovarian metastasis were significantly associated with parametrial involvement. The multivariate analysis model included factors that could be determined by a cone biopsy and showed LVSI, deep stromal invasion, and elderly age to be the independent predictors of parametrial involvement. Ninety-one patients had a depth of invasion of ≤10 mm and no LVSI, of which only 1 (1.1%) had parametrial involvement. When patients aged ≤50 years were further stratified into those with a depth of invasion of ≤10 mm and no LVSI, parametrial involvement was found to be 0.0% (0/68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a tumor depth of invasion of ≤10 mm, no LVSI, and aged ≤50 years, could be considered for less radical surgery such as modified radical hysterectomy or simple hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. kodama@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusumoto
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hongo
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010388:Pelvis / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*