title: DNA barcoding unveils a high rate of mislabeling in a commercial freshwater catfish from Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Molecular markers have contributed to species authentication by flagging mislabeling and the misidentification of commercial landings. Such tools are of great value since the market substitution of fish of lower value for highly commercialized species is expected to become more pronounced due to a shortage of natural stocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we report on the molecular identification 4results from processed fish products (i.e. fillets) and whole fishes sold in Brazilian markets under the common name surubim (Pseudoplatystoma spp.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA barcoding revealed the incorrect labeling of around 80% of all samples analyzed, with mislabeling being more pronounced within fillets rather than whole fish.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report correlating the rate of fraud with processed fish products. The establishment of an official list of acceptable common names for freshwater fish and seafood is urgently needed in Brazil for further trade regulations to take place.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Danilo A P
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Bruno S A F
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Brasil
authors.forename: Denise A A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002397:Catfishes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D003132:Commerce; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D005396:Fish Products / Q000145:classification; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000592:standards; D045483:Rivers; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV