title: Lung sound analysis correlates to injury and recruitment as identified by computed tomography: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to assess how analysis of the spectral characteristics of lung sounds can help in detecting lung injury and subsequent recruitment as verified by computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung sounds were recorded at four locations (ventral and dorsal on right and left side) in six ventilated pigs before and after unilateral oleic acid-induced lung injury during sequential increase of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) from 0 to 20 cmH(2)O. CT scans of the chest were used for comparison with lung aeration. Sound characteristics were compared by computer-aided analysis in the time and frequency domain as well as by clinicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of lung injury and its location were detected by substantial acoustic spectral components above 500 Hz (frequency) and -70 dB (amplitude). Application of increasing PEEP gradually reduced the pathological components as CT analysis verified recruitment. At 20 cmH(2)O PEEP there was no further tidal recruitment of injured lung and the pathological sounds had disappeared, rendering the lung sounds of the injured lung similar to those of the control lung. This was mirrored by the clinicians' characterization of the sounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer-aided analysis of lung sounds is suitable for detection of pathological lung sounds and may guide in detection and recruitment of poorly/nonaerated lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vena
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perchiazzi
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hedenstierna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019301:Oleic Acid