title: Flagellin produced in plants is a potent adjuvant for oral immunization.
abstract: The aim of this study was to produce adjuvant with high biosafety, efficacy and low cost. Towards this goal, the plant Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system was successfully used to express Salmonella typhimurium's flagellin (FljB). The yield of the expressed FljB was 280 mg per kg of fresh weight (FW) leaves. The lyophilized plant powder containing plant expressing FljB was mixed with ovalbumin (OVA) and used for oral immunization of BALB/c mice. The ELISA analysis showed higher and accelerated OVA-specific serum antibody responses in mice given the mixture when compared to animals receiving OVA alone. Furthermore, FljB elicited a mixed Th1/Th2 response as shown by the presence of specific anti-OVA IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes. OVA-specific IgAs were also detected in mice given the mixture. Cell-mediated immune response to OVA was induced by FljB as determined by a spleen lymphocyte specific proliferation test. No immune response was generated against FljB. In conclusion, our results showed for the first time the production of FljB in plants and the efficient use of the crude lyophilized extract as an adjuvant for oral immunization.
authors: University of Québec at Montréal, Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8.
authors: Aurélie
authors: A
authors: Girard
authors: Wilfried
authors: W
authors: Saron
authors: Louis-Philippe
authors: LP
authors: Bergeron-Sandoval
authors: Fathey
authors: F
authors: Sarhan
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Archambault
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005408:Flagellin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; C094427:FljB protein, Salmonella; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D005408:Flagellin; D010047:Ovalbumin