title: Impact of alignment to gravito-inertial force on motion sickness and cardiopulmonary variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In tilting trains partial alignment to the gravito-inertial force (GIF) in the curves seems to be the best tilt compensation to reduce the incidence of motion sickness. We investigated the effect of alignment to the GIF on the development of motion sickness during low-frequency horizontal motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 12 healthy subjects who participated. The design was a three-period, single-blind, crossover trial, counterbalanced for order. Cardiopulmonary measurements, Misery SCores (MISC), and questionnaire data (Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire, Nijmegen Questionnaire for Hyperventilation) were obtained. The stimulus was a sinusoidal movement (0.176 Hz, 0.2 g peak acceleration) on the ESA-sled. The cabin was compensated for 0% (A-0), 50% (A-50), and 100% (A-100) to the GIF. Runs were 1 wk apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The A-50 condition may delay the development of motion sickness. Based on the survival curves the possible effect seems temporary. However, MISC 2 early in the runs resulted in high positive and negative predictive values for dropout and survival during the runs. No synchronization of the respiratory frequency with the sled motion was observed. There was a significant (P = 0.002) drop in relative end-tidal CO2 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There seems to be a rationale for partially compensating to the GIF while trying to prevent motion sickness in tilting trains. Sitting comfort is just better than without compensation at all and Coriolis effects are not as nauseating as with complete tilt compensation. Also, a drop in end-tidal CO2 levels might be a sign of pulmonary compensation for the nauseating stimulus.
authors: National Military Rehabilitation Center Aardenburg, Doom, The Netherlands. a.mert@mrcdoorn.nl
authors: Agali
authors: A
authors: Mert
authors: Willem
authors: W
authors: Bles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003312:Coriolis Force; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011890:Railroads; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult