title: α-Linolenic acid intake attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects in diabetic but not normal rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with diabetes show enhanced susceptibility to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Epidemiological studies indicated that consumption of α-linolenic acid (ALA) significantly reduces the risk of cardiac events in post-acute myocardial infarction patients. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of ALA intake on MI/R injury in normal and diabetic rats and its mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) rat model was developed. Age-matched normal and HFD-STZ rats were randomly assigned to receive normal diet or ALA (oral gavage, 500 μg/kg per day). After 4 weeks of feeding, animals were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia and 4 or 6 h of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal control, HFD-STZ rats showed more severe myocardial functional impairment and injury. Although ALA intake for 4 weeks did not change myocardial function and injury in normal rats, it significantly improved the instantaneous first derivation of left ventricle pressure, reduced infarct size, plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities, and apotosis at the end of reperfusion in HFD-STZ diabetic rats. Moreover, ALA intake not only significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations but reduced the increase in superoxide production and malonaldialdehyde formation and simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the diabetic hearts. Myocardial PI3K expression and Akt phosphorylation were increased by ALA intake in diabetic but not normal rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic ALA intake confers cardioprotection in MI/R by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects in diabetic but not normal rats, which is possibly through PI3K-Akt-dependent mechanism.
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Nianlin
authors: N
authors: Xie
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Hongliang
authors: H
authors: Liang
authors: Huasong
authors: H
authors: Zhou
authors: Weixun
authors: W
authors: Duan
authors: Xuezeng
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Shiqiang
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: Haifeng
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Dinghua
authors: D
authors: Yi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D013481:Superoxides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C500593:Cybb protein, rat; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D003402:Creatine Kinase