title: Role of the lead structure in MRI-induced heating: In vitro measurements on 30 commercial pacemaker/defibrillator leads.
abstract: MRI-induced heating on endocardial leads is a serious concern for the safety of patients with implantable pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillator. The lead heating depends on many factors and its amount is largely variable. In this study, we investigated the role of those structural properties of the lead that are reported on the accompanying documents of the device: (1) fixation modality (active vs. passive); (2) number of electrodes (unipolar vs. bipolar); (3) length; (4) tip surface; and (5) tip and ring resistance. In vitro temperature and specific absorption rate measurements on 30 leads (27 pacemakers, three implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads) exposed to the radiofrequency field typical of a 1.5 T MRI scanner are presented. The data show that each lead has its own attitude to radiofrequency-induced heating and that the information that is available in the accompanying documents of the pacemaker is not sufficient to explain such attitude. Even if combined with that of the implant geometry, this information is still not sufficient to estimate the amount of heating due to the exposure to the radiofrequency field during MRI examination.
authors: Deptartment of Technology and Health, Italian National Institute of Heath, Rome, Italy. eugenio.mattei@iss.it
authors: Eugenio
authors: E
authors: Mattei
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Calcagnini
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Censi
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Triventi
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Bartolini
mesh_terms: D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004869:Equipment Safety; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging