title: Inhibition of ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice by the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet: possible involvement of an antioxidant effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antipsychotic, hypnotic, myorelaxant and antioxidant effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  EOAZ (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg i.p.) was administered once to mice for the determination of antipsychotic activity (evaluated by ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion), hypnotic activity (induced by sodium pentobarbital, 40 mg/kg i.p.), motor coordination (rotarod test), antioxidant effects (determination of lipid peroxidation and GSH levels), as well as alterations in nitric oxide levels (determination of nitrite content).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EOAZ at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg prevented ketamine hyperlocomotion, as did haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p). EOAZ at a dose of 200 mg/kg decreased sleep latency, while all doses increased sleeping time. There was no effect on motor coordination. The in-vitro antioxidant capacity of the oil caused a decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in GSH levels. EOAZ also prevented the decrease in nitrite content caused by oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest antipsychotic and antioxidant effects for the EOAZ that may have promising efficacy for the treatment of schizophrenia.
authors: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors: Fernanda Yvelize Ramos
authors: FY
authors: de Araújo
authors: Gersilene Valente
authors: GV
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Patrícia Xavier Lima
authors: PX
authors: Gomes
authors: Marília Almeida
authors: MA
authors: Soares
authors: Maria Izabel Gomes
authors: MI
authors: Silva
authors: André Férrer
authors: AF
authors: Carvalho
authors: Manoel Odorico
authors: MO
authors: de Moraes
authors: Maria Elisabete Amaral
authors: ME
authors: de Moraes
authors: Silvânia Maria Mendes
authors: SM
authors: Vasconcelos
authors: Glauce Socorro Barros
authors: GS
authors: Viana
authors: Francisca Cléa Florenço
authors: FC
authors: de Sousa
authors: Danielle Silveira
authors: DS
authors: Macêdo
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007649:Ketamine; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009573:Nitrites; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007649:Ketamine; D005978:Glutathione; D006220:Haloperidol