title: Impact of high-fat diet and obesity on energy balance and fuel utilization during the metabolic challenge of lactation.
abstract: The effects of obesity and a high-fat (HF) diet on whole body and tissue-specific metabolism of lactating dams and their offspring were examined in C57/B6 mice. Female mice were fed low-fat (LF) or HF diets before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. HF-fed mice were segregated into lean (HF-Ln) and obese (HF-Ob) groups before pregnancy by their weight gain response. Compared to LF-Ln dams, HF-Ln, and HF-Ob dams exhibited a greater positive energy balance (EB) and increased dietary fat retention in peripheral tissues (P < 0.05). HF-Ob dams had greater dietary fat retention in liver and adipose compared to HF-Ln dams (P < 0.05). De novo synthesized fat was decreased in tissues and milk from HF-fed dams compared to LF-Ln dams (P < 0.05). However, less dietary and de novo synthesized fat was found in the HF-Ob mammary glands compared to HF-Ln (P < 0.05). Obesity was associated with reduced milk triglycerides relative to lean controls (P < 0.05). Compared to HF diet alone obesity has additional adverse affects, impairing both lipid metabolism as well as milk fat production. Growth rates of LF-Ln litters were lower than HF-Ln and HF-Ob litters (P < 0.05). Total energy expenditure (TEE) of HF-Ob litters was reduced relative to HF-Ln litters, whereas their respiratory exchange ratios (RERs) were increased (P < 0.05). Collectively these data show that consumption of a HF diet significantly affects maternal and neonatal metabolism and that maternal obesity can independently alter these responses.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors: Jessica L
authors: JL
authors: Wahlig
authors: Elise S
authors: ES
authors: Bales
authors: Matthew R
authors: MR
authors: Jackman
authors: Ginger C
authors: GC
authors: Johnson
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: McManaman
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Maclean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats