title: Effect of cadmium injected in ovo on hatching results and the activity of plasma hydrolytic enzymes in newly hatched chicks.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the toxicity of cadmium ions in chick embryos, using plasma hydrolytic enzyme as its biomarker. Hatching eggs (n = 300) from Ross 308 broilers were incubated under standard conditions. On day 4 of incubation, 50 μl of saline solution, containing Cd ions at a concentration from 0 (control group) to 24 μg, was injected in ovo into the egg albumen. The results indicate that the administration of cadmium at doses exceeding 1 μg/egg caused a gradual decrease in hatchability, with an LD50 of 3.9 μg/egg. The greatest differences between the groups in the enzymatic activities studied were found for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), β-D-mannosidase (β-MAN) and arylsulphatase (ARYL). Compared to the control group, in the blood serum of chicks from the groups receiving 3, 6 and 12 μg Cd/egg the NAG activity increased by 79, 108 and 54% and β-MAN activity by 33, 119 and 108%, respectively. Exposure to cadmium at a dose of 1 to 6 μg per egg caused an about 60% increase in ARYL activity while a dose of 12 μg decreased the activity by about 35% below the level observed in the control group. These findings show that cadmium has a similar toxicity mechanism in mammals and birds, which opens the possibility of using NAG activity as a biomarker of the cytotoxic effect of cadmium in birds.
authors: University of Rzeszów, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Ćwiklińskiej 2 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. mdzugan@univ.rzeszow.pl
authors: Małgorzata
authors: M
authors: Dżugan
authors: Marcin
authors: M
authors: Lis
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Droba
authors: Jerzy W
authors: JW
authors: Niedziółka
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001192:Arylsulfatases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D010063:Ovum; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D044902:beta-Mannosidase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D001192:Arylsulfatases; D044902:beta-Mannosidase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase