title: Treatment of vertebral disease: appropriate use of open and endovascular techniques.
abstract: Vertebral artery disease is an often underdiagnosed and undertreated cause of posterior circulation ischemia. Revascularization of the vertebral circulation should be considered in patients refractory to medical therapy. Surgical and endovascular techniques are discussed and reviewed in the context of the location and type of vertebral artery disease.
authors: Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors: Cheong J
authors: CJ
authors: Lee
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Morasch
mesh_terms: D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*