title: Wine consumption and risk of cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction: results from the GISSI-Prevenzione trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the association of wine intake with incident cardiovascular events (CVE) and total mortality after myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used prospectively ascertained information among 11,248 Italian patients with recent MI enrolled in the GISSI-Prevenzione Trial. Usual wine consumption has been categorised as never/almost never, up to 0.5L/day, and >0.5L/day. Multiple imputation was used for missing values at baseline and during follow-up. We assessed adjudicated cumulative incidence of major CVE during 3.5years of follow-up and total mortality at long-term follow-up (7.3years), respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HR) first using data at baseline and then updated using time-varying covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 37,021 person-years of follow-up, 1168 CVE occurred. Moderate wine intake at baseline was associated with significantly reduced risk of CVE (adjusted HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-0.99) as compared with non-drinkers. In time-updated analyses, results were virtually the same, though they were barely statistically not significant (adjusted HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.77-1.00). Wine intake was associated with lower risk of total mortality. In time-updated adjusted analyses, patients with wine consumption up to 0.5L/day (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.74-0.92) and >0.5L/day (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63-0.94) had lower mortality compared with non-drinkers (P for trend=0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with established heart disease, moderate consumption of wine seems to be associated with lower incidence of CVE and total mortality as compared with non drinkers.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
authors: Giacomo
authors: G
authors: Levantesi
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
authors: RosaMaria
authors: R
authors: Marfisi
authors: Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
authors: Dariush
authors: D
authors: Mozaffarian
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
authors: Maria Grazia
authors: MG
authors: Franzosi
authors: ANMCO Research Centre, Florence, Italy.
authors: AldoPietro
authors: A
authors: Maggioni
authors: AO S. Maria Angeli, Pordenone, Italy.
authors: Gian Luigi
authors: GL
authors: Nicolosi
authors: OC Passirana di Rho, Milan, Italy.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Schweiger
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
authors: MariaGiuseppina
authors: M
authors: Silletta
authors: GVM Hospitals of Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy.
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Tavazzi
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy.
authors: Gianni
authors: G
authors: Tognoni
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: marchioli@negrisud.it.
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Marchioli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014920:Wine