title: A prospective study of cognitive complaints in patients with testicular cancer.
abstract: Self-reported memory and concentration problems (cognitive complaints) among testicular cancer patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy during the 1990-ies were prospectively explored. The chemotherapy group had significantly higher prevalence of cognitive complaints compared to the radiotherapy group at 3-months follow-up, while at 12-months no significant group difference was found. Treatment modality (chemotherapy vs. radiotherapy) was not significantly associated with the presence of cognitive complaints at any time point after adjustment for relevant QoL variables.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cognitive complaints are frequent among patients with cancer. Oncologists and patients have become concerned that systemic chemotherapy may have cognitive side effects. After this concern became public there was a risk of expectation bias in studies of cognitive complaints. We prospectively explored cognitive complaints in patients with testicular cancer treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy during the 1990s, before today's increased awareness of this possible side effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life (QoL) questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and a testicular cancer module (TC module) were completed before treatment (baseline), at 3 months, and at 12 months by 276 chemotherapy and 71 radiotherapy patients enrolled in 3 EORTC studies. Cognitive complaints were based on the cognitive function (CF) items (concentration and memory) of the QLQ-C30. Other QLQ-C30 functions and symptoms represented adjustment variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chemotherapy group (CHEMO) showed a significant increase in prevalence of cognitive complaints from baseline to 3 months. At 12 months these rates were back at baseline levels. The radiotherapy group (RAD) showed no significant change in the prevalence of cognitive complaints over time. Significant differences between the 2 treatment groups were observed only at the 3-month follow-up. In multivariate analyses, treatment modality did not show significant association with cognitive complaints at any time point, whereas current fatigue showed significant associations at all time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with testicular cancer with no information or expectation bias, an increased rate of cognitive complaints was observed shortly after chemotherapy, with return to baseline levels at 12 months. Treatment modality (chemotherapy vs. radiotherapy) was not associated with cognitive complaints at any time point after adjustment for relevant QoL variables.
authors: National Resource Center for Late Effects, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Norway. Tone.Skaali@oslo-universitetssykehus.no
authors: Tone
authors: T
authors: Skaali
authors: Sophie D
authors: SD
authors: Fosså
authors: Alv A
authors: AA
authors: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D055815:Young Adult