title: Genomic imbalances in esophageal carcinoma cell lines involve Wnt pathway genes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify molecular markers shared across South African esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines using cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array copy number analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multicolor FISH to characterize the chromosomal rearrangements of five ESCC cell lines established in South Africa. The whole genome copy number profile was established from 250K SNP arrays, and data was analyzed with the CNAT 4.0 and GISTIC software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected common translocation breakpoints involving chromosomes 1p11-12 and 3p11.2, the latter correlated with the deletion, or interruption of the EPHA3 gene. The most significant amplifications involved the following chromosomal regions and genes: 11q13.3 (CCND1, FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, MYEOV), 8q24.21(C-MYC, FAM84B), 11q22.1-q22.3 (BIRC2, BIRC3), 5p15.2 (CTNND2), 3q11.2-q12.2 (MINA) and 18p11.32 (TYMS, YES1). The significant deletions included 1p31.2-p31.1 (CTH, GADD45α, DIRAS3), 2q22.1 (LRP1B), 3p12.1-p14.2 (FHIT), 4q22.1-q32.1 (CASP6, SMAD1), 8p23.2-q11.1 (BNIP3L) and 18q21.1-q21.2 (SMAD4, DCC). The 3p11.2 translocation breakpoint was shared across four cell lines, supporting a role for genes involved at this site, in particular, the EPHA3 gene which has previously been reported to be deleted in ESCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that a significant number of genes that were amplified (FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, CCND1 and C-MYC) or deleted (SFRP2 gene) are involved in the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways, suggests that these pathways may be activated in these cell lines.
authors: National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand, York Rd, Parktown Johannesburg 2193, South Africa. jacqueline.brown@nhls.ac.za
authors: Jacqueline
authors: J
authors: Brown
authors: Hannelie
authors: H
authors: Bothma
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Veale
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Willem
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors