title: Effects of bisphosphonates on sutural bone formation and relapse: A histologic and immunohistochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of systemically applied zoledronic acid on bone regeneration in response to expansion of the sagittal suture and relapse in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. In the first and second groups, saline solution was given subcutaneously after expansion, and the retention periods lasted 14 and 7 days, respectively. In the third group, 0.1 mg of zoledronic acid was diluted with saline solution and given subcutaneously after expansion; the retention period lasted for 7 days. Expansion and relapse amounts were measured by using computed tomography. After the retention period, 6 rats from each group were killed for histologic and immunohistochemical assessments. The other 6 rats from each group were used for observation of the relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histologic evaluation showed that, in groups 1 and 2, the numbers of osteoblasts were less than observed in group 3. When scores of staining intensity were compared, immunoreactivities were statistically significantly increased in group 3 compared with groups 2 and 1. Statistically significant differences were found when the relapse percentages were compared between the groups (P <0.05). The smallest relapse occurred in group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zoledronic acid has positive effects on bone formation in the sagittal suture in response to expansion and decreases the relapse ratio after expansion in rats.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey. dtfirat@gmail.com
authors: Fırat
authors: F
authors: Oztürk
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Babacan
authors: Sevinç
authors: S
authors: Inan
authors: Cesur
authors: C
authors: Gümüş
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000187:drug effects*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015676:Osteonectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D015676:Osteonectin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid