title: Case of combined thenar and hypothenar hammer syndrome: case report and brief review of the literature.
abstract: Acute or chronic arterial thrombose due to repetitive blunt trauma to the palm of the hand is a rare occupational vascular disease. In most of the cases it affects the ulnar artery and its superficial palmar branch. Repetitive crush is pathogenic and the unique anatomy of the superficial branch of the ulnar artery lying next to the hook of hamate is causative. In rare cases it may affect the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery, called thenar hammer syndrome. The combination of both is an absolute rarity. Both syndromes are occupational diseases in workers using the hand as a hammer. Patients typically present with Raynaud phenomenon or complain about ischemic pain, cold intolerance, or cyanosis. The gold standard in diagnosis is the angiography. Surgical or conservative treatment can be performed successfully. We present a case of combined thenar and hypothenar hammer and a brief review of the literature.
authors: Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg (UMCF), Germany. georgios.koulaxouzidis@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Koulaxouzidis
authors: Ziad
authors: Z
authors: Kalash
authors: Horst
authors: H
authors: Zajonc
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Stark
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Bannasch
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017535:Ulnar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods