title: Device closure of atrial septal defect: medium-term outcome with special reference to complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are concerns over the outcome of device closure of secundum atrial septal defect with special reference to erosions and aortic regurgitation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the medium-term outcome of device closure of atrial septal defects with special reference to complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 205 patients with secundum atrial septal defects underwent transcatheter closure from October, 1999 to April, 2009. The median age was 18 (1.4-55) years. Amplatzer Septal Occluder was used in all the patients. Medium-term follow-up was available in 176 of 200 (88%) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Device closure was successful in 200 out of 205 (98%) patients. The device embolised in four patients and was associated with short inferior caval vein margin (p = 0.003). Balloon sizing in 71 patients (35%) resulted in implantation of a larger device (p = 0.002). Early complications included pericardial effusion, 2:1 heart block, and infective endocarditis (1 patient each). There were eight patients who reported migraine (3.9%). At median follow-up of 5.8 (0.6-10.3) years, complete closure occurred in 197 out of 200 patients. Short superior caval vein margin was associated with a residual shunt (p < 0.001). There were two patients who developed mild aortic regurgitation (1%), which correlated with a device-to-defect ratio of >1.3:1 (p = 0.001). There were no erosions, late embolisation, or thromboembolism. Atrial fibrillation occurred in three adults (1.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Device closure of secundum atrial septal defects using Amplatzer Septal Occluder is safe and effective in the medium term. Short inferior caval vein margin correlates with increased risk of embolisation and short superior caval vein margin with a residual shunt. The risk of developing aortic regurgitation is low and correlates with increased device-to-defect ratio.
authors: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan. drmasoodsadiq@hotmail.com
authors: Masood
authors: M
authors: Sadiq
authors: Tehmina
authors: T
authors: Kazmi
authors: Asif U
authors: AU
authors: Rehman
authors: Farhan
authors: F
authors: Latif
authors: Najam
authors: N
authors: Hyder
authors: Shakeel A
authors: SA
authors: Qureshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055989:Septal Occluder Device / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult