title: Relationship between metabolic syndrome and multinodular non-toxic goiter in an inpatient population from a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and insulin resistance predispose individuals to the development of both metabolic syndrome and non-toxic nodular thyroid diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study is to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and multinodular nontoxic goiter in an inpatient population from a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 1422 Caucasian euthyroid inpatients. Thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound of the neck. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed to evaluate single thyroid nodules and dominant nodules ≥15 mm in euthyroid multinodular goiter. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made according to the criteria of the American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sample, 277 patients had clinical evidence of multinodular nontoxic goiter, 461 met the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, and 132 were found to have both conditions. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, nicotinism, parity, alcohol intake, thyroid function, and metabolic syndrome- related pharmacological treatment, metabolic syndrome was found to be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of multinodular non-toxic goiter. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and multi nodular non-toxic goiter was apparent in both men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of euthyroid inpatients, we demonstrate that metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of multinodular non-toxic goiter in a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency. We propose that patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome should be screened for the presence of multinodular non-toxic goiter.
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, Italy.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Rendina
authors: G
authors: G
authors: De Filippo
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mossetti
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Zampa
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Muscariello
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Benvenuto
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Vivona
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ippolito
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Galante
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Lombardi
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Biondi
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Strazzullo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine