title: Protein-conjugated acrolein as a biochemical marker of brain infarction.
abstract: The relationship between acrolein (CH(2) =CH-CHO) and brain infarction is the focus of this review. It has been found that acrolein is produced mainly within cells from polyamines by polyamine oxidases (PAOs), especially from spermine by spermine oxidase during cell damage, and that acrolein is more toxic than reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell culture system. Thus, the possibility that acrolein and PAOs are good biochemical markers of stroke was tested because there are no other reliable biochemical markers at the early stage of stroke. Levels of protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) and PAOs (acrolein-producing enzymes) were significantly increased in the plasma of stroke patients. The multiplied value of PC-Acro by PAOs was nearly parallel with the size of stroke. Furthermore, when the combined measurements of PC-Acro, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated along with age using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, even silent brain infarction (SBI), which is a small brain infarction, was indicated with approximately 84% sensitivity and specificity. These findings clearly indicate that acrolein is strongly correlated with cell damage during brain infarction.
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. iga16077@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors: Kazuei
authors: K
authors: Igarashi
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Kashiwagi
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000378:metabolism; D012372:ROC Curve; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase
chemical_list: D000171:Acrolein; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase