title: Up-regulation of endothelial endothelin-1 expression prior to vasogenic edema formation in the rat piriform cortex following status epilepticus.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is one of potential factors to induce vasogenic edema formation, since exogenous ET-1 treatment decreases aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression and increases chemokines induction. To identify the role of endogenous ET-1 in vasogenic edema formation, we examined the correlation between endogenous ET-1 expression and vasogenic edema formation in the pirifom cortex following status epilepticus (SE). In the present study, SMI-71 (a brain-blood barrier marker) immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in blood vessels at 1 day after SE when vasogenic edema and neuronal damage were observed. ET-1 expression was up-regulated in endothelial cells prior to reduction in SMI-71 immunoreactivity. Furthermore, ET-1 expressing endothelial cells showed the absence of SMI-71 immunoreactivity. Increase in ET-1 expression was followed by reduced AQP4 immunoreactivity prior to vasogenic edema formation. Only a few microglia showed monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (a chemokine induced by ET-1) outside vasogenic edema lesion. Taken together, our findings suggest that endothelial ET-1 expression may contribute to SE-induced vasogenic edema formation via brain-blood barrier disruption at AQP4/MCP-1 independent manners.
authors: Department of Emergency Medical Services, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, South Korea.
authors: Seung-Mook
authors: SM
authors: Jo
authors: Hea Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Ryu
authors: Ji-Eun
authors: JE
authors: Kim
authors: Seong-Il
authors: SI
authors: Yeo
authors: Min-Ju
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Hui-Chul
authors: HC
authors: Choi
authors: Hong-Ki
authors: HK
authors: Song
authors: Tae-Cheon
authors: TC
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051401:Aquaporin 4; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019332:Endothelin-1