title: Characterization of a novel rat cholangiocarcinoma cell culture model-CGCCA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize a culture model of rat CCA cells, which were derived from a transplantable TTA-induced CCA and designated as Chang Gung CCA (CGCCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The CGCCA cells were cultured at in vitro passage 12 times on a culture dish in DMEM medium. To measure the doubling time, 10(3) cells were plated in a 96-well plate containing the growth medium. The cells were harvested 4 to 10 d after seeding, and a standard MTT assay was used to measure the growth. The phenotype of CACCA cell and xenograft was determined by immunohistochemical study. We also determine the chromosomal alterations of CGCCA, G-banding and spectral karyotyping studies were performed. The CGCCA cell line was transplanted into the nude mice for examining its tumorigenicity. 2-Deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) autoradiography was also performed to evaluate the FDG uptake of the tumor xenograft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The doubling time for the CGCCA cell line was 32 h. After transplantation into nude mice, FDG autoradiography showed that the tumors formed at the cell transplantation site had a latency period of 4-6 wk with high FDG uptake excluding necrosis tissue. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining revealed prominent cytoplasmic expression of c-erb-B2, CK19, c-Met, COX-II, EGFR, MUC4, and a negative expression of K-ras. All data confirmed the phenotypic features of the CGCCA cell line coincide with the xenograft mice tumors, indicating cells containing the tumorigenicity of CCA originated from CCA. In addition, karyotypic banding analysis showed that the diploid (2n) cell status combines with ring and giant rod marker chromosomes in these clones; either both types simultaneously appeared or only one type of marker chromosome in a pair appeared in a cell. The major materials contained in the marker chromosome were primarily identified from chromosome 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current CGCCA cell line may be used as a non-K-ras effect CCA model and to obtain information and reveal novel pathways for CCA. Further applications regarding tumor markers or therapeutic targeting of CCA should be addressed accordingly.
authors: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, China.
authors: Chun-Nan
authors: CN
authors: Yeh
authors: Kun-Ju
authors: KJ
authors: Lin
authors: Tsung-Wen
authors: TW
authors: Chen
authors: Ren-Ching
authors: RC
authors: Wu
authors: Lee-Cheng
authors: LC
authors: Tsao
authors: Ying-Tzu
authors: YT
authors: Chen
authors: Wen-Hui
authors: WH
authors: Weng
authors: Miin-Fu
authors: MF
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured