title: [Penetrating injuries in the face and neck region. Diagnosis and treatment].
abstract: Penetrating head and neck injuries often present with vascular lesions and airway compromise and may be life-threatening. Thus controlling bleeding and airway stabilisation take priority in emergency treatment. High-velocity projectiles, fragmentations from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and shrapnel can cause severe tissue injury, representing a challenge for the head and neck surgeon. Since several organ structures, such as the eyes, midface, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, nerves, vessels and vertebral spine can be injured at the same time, patients should be referred to a specialized trauma center for interdisciplinary treatment following emergency treatment. High-speed ballistic injuries were once confined to the battle field and have been uncommon in Europe since World War II. For this reason, experience among civilian head and neck surgeons is at present limited. With the increased incidence of terrorism and the use of IEDs as the preferred weapon in terrorism it has become important for civilian head and neck surgeons to understand the role of ballistic injuries in mass casualty events. The present paper discusses current viewpoints in the diagnosis and treatment of penetrating head and neck injuries.
authors: Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde/Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Kopfklinik am Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Akademisches Krankenhaus der Universität Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Deutschland. mail@prof-heinz-maier.de
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Maier
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tisch
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Lorenz
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Danz
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Schramm
mesh_terms: D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005392:First Aid / Q000379:methods; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007572:Jaw Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*