title: Caveolin-1, caveolin-3 and VEGF expression in the masticatory muscles of mdx mice.
abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and murine X-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx), its murine model, are characterized by muscle damage and muscle weakness associated with inflammation and new vessel formation. Caveolins, dystrophin-associated proteins, are involved in the pathogenesis of DMD, because increased numbers of caveolae are found in DMD and mdx hindlimb muscles. Caveolae influence angiogenesis due to their content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors. Orofacial muscles in mdx mice undergo muscle necrosis followed by muscle regeneration. To ascertain the role of caveolins and VEGF in the pathogenesis of dystrophic masticatory muscles, we examined the expression of caveolin-1 (cav-1), caveolin-3 (cav-3) and VEGF in control and mdx mice. In mdx masticatory muscles, no changes in transcript and protein levels of VEGF were found, whereas cav-1 and cav-3 expression was increased. Using immunohistochemistry, a strong sarcolemmal staining of caveolin-3 in regenerated muscle fibers was found. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry with the caveolin-1 antibody showed an increase in the amount of blood vessels in areas with regenerating muscle fibers. Dystrophic masticatory muscles showed changes comparable to those of hindlimb muscles in the expression of cav-1 and cav-3. The angiogenesis seems to be unaffected in the jaw muscles of mdx mice. We speculate that the increased caveolin expression could cause extensive and efficient muscle regeneration.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Germany. keil@uni-greifswald.de
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Kunert-Keil
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Gredes
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Lucke
authors: Sven
authors: S
authors: Morgenstern
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Mielczarek
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Sporniak-Tutak
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Gedrange
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Spassov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051244:Caveolin 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495541:Cav1 protein, mouse; C495548:Cav3 protein, mouse; D051242:Caveolin 1; D051244:Caveolin 3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse