title: Iron deficiency anaemia and blood lead concentrations in Brazilian children.
abstract: This study investigated the relationship between iron deficiency/iron deficiency anaemia, assessed by several parameters, and blood lead concentration in children. This cross-sectional study involved 384 Brazilian children, aged 2-11 years, who lived near a lead-manipulating industry. Complete blood counts were obtained by an automated cell counter. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin were determined respectively, by colorimetric, turbidimetric methods and chemiluminescence. Blood lead was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The impact of several parameters for assessment of iron status (haemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation, ferritin, red cell indices and red cell distribution width) and variables (gender, age, mother's education, income, body mass index, iron intake, and distance from home to lead-manipulating industry) on blood lead concentration was determined by multiple linear regression. There were significant negative associations between blood lead and the distance from home to the lead-manipulating industry (P<0.001), Hb (P=0.019), and ferritin (P=0.023) (R(2)=0.14). Based on these results, further epidemiological studies are necessary to investigate the impact of interventions like iron supplementation or fortification, as an attempt to decrease blood lead in children.
authors: Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, SP, Brazil. phcrondo@usp.br
authors: Patricia Helen Carvalho
authors: PH
authors: Rondó
authors: Andréia
authors: A
authors: Conde
authors: Miriam Coelho
authors: MC
authors: Souza
authors: Alice
authors: A
authors: Sakuma
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D007854:Lead / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007854:Lead; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron