title: Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment of L'Albufera Natural Park (València, Spain).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widely distributed from industrialized to remote locations throughout the world. This study demonstrates the spatial distributions of PFCs in water and sediments from the L'Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain).
  
  
  METHODS
  Grab water and sediment samples were collected. PFCs were extracted from sediments with acidified acetonitrile by ultrasonication and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and from water by SPE. Determination was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 100% of the samples (both water and sediments), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) were the predominant PFCs. Among the 12 sampling sites, PFOS concentrations in sediments ranged from 0.10 to 4.80 ng/g dry weight and in water from 0.94 to 58.1 ng/L. PFOA concentrations in sediment were from 0.004 to 1.24 ng/g and in water from 0.99 to 120 ng/L. Other perfluorocarboxylic acids (C5, C6, C7, C9, and C10) and perfluorosulfonates (C4 and C10) were also identified in several locations. The sum of all 10 compounds (ΣPFCs) concentration range from 0.99 to 120 ng/L in water and from 0.25 to 17.4 ng/g in sediments. Sediment-water distribution coefficients (log K (D)) were in the range 2.31-4.51 and positively correlated with perfluoroalkyl chain length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PFC concentrations in water and sediment were both less than those able to cause acute toxicity; low but detectable PFCs pollution in the L'Albufera Natural Park in Valencia was demonstrated. These compounds are bioaccumulative; thus, the risk associated with these exposures requires a deeper evaluation of long-term chronic toxicity.
authors: Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Yolanda.Pico@uv.es
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: Pico
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Blasco
authors: Marinella
authors: M
authors: Farré
authors: Damia
authors: D
authors: Barceló
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013030:Spain; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical