title: Characteristics of subgingival calculus detection by multiphoton fluorescence microscopy.
abstract: Subgingival calculus has been recognized as a major cause of periodontitis, which is one of the main chronic infectious diseases of oral cavities and a principal cause of tooth loss in humans. Bacteria deposited in subgingival calculus or plaque cause gingival inflammation, function deterioration, and then periodontitis. However, subgingival calculus within the periodontal pocket is a complicated and potentially delicate structure to be detected with current dental armamentaria, namely dental x-rays and dental probes. Consequently, complete removal of subgingival calculus remains a challenge to periodontal therapies. In this study, the detection of subgingival calculus employing a multiphoton autofluorescence imaging method was characterized in comparison with a one-photon confocal fluorescence imaging technique. Feasibility of such a system was studied based on fluorescence response of gingiva, healthy teeth, and calculus with and without gingiva covered. The multiphoton fluorescence technology perceived the tissue-covered subgingival calculus that cannot be observed by the one-photon confocal fluorescence method.
authors: National Yang Ming University, School of Dentistry, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Oi-Hong
authors: OH
authors: Tung
authors: Shyh-Yuan
authors: SY
authors: Lee
authors: Yu-Lin
authors: YL
authors: Lai
authors: How-Foo
authors: HF
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D010781:Photography; D014070:Tooth / Q000737:chemistry