title: Gender differences affecting vocal health of women in vocally demanding careers.
abstract: Studies suggest that occupational voice users have a greater incidence of vocal issues than the general population. Women have been found to experience vocal health problems more frequently than men, regardless of their occupation. Traditionally, it has been assumed that differences in the laryngeal system are the cause of this disproportion. Nevertheless, it is valuable to identify other potential gender distinctions which may make women more vulnerable to voice disorders. A search of the literature was conducted for gender-specific characteristics which might impact the vocal health of women. This search can be used by health care practitioners to help female patients avoid serious vocal health injuries, as well as to treat better those women who already suffer from such vocal health issues.
authors: National Center for Voice and Speech at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. eric.hunter@utah.edu
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Hunter
authors: Kristine
authors: K
authors: Tanner
authors: Marshall E
authors: ME
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016272:Occupational Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014833:Voice Quality; D016387:Women's Health