title: Lupin and soya reduce glycaemia acutely in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Addition of fibre or protein to carbohydrate-rich foods can reduce the glycaemic response to those foods. This may assist with glycaemic management in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Lupin is a legume rich in fibre and protein. We assessed the acute effects of lupin- and soya-based beverages on glucose and insulin responses in type 2 diabetic individuals. We hypothesised that the lupin and soya beverages would lower the acute glycaemic response compared with a control beverage containing no protein or fibre, and that lupin would reduce the postprandial glucose more than soya. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, twenty-four diabetic adults (nineteen men and five women) attended three testing sessions, each 1 week apart. At each session, participants consumed a beverage containing 50 g glucose (control), 50 g glucose plus lupin kernel flour with 12·5 g fibre and 22 g protein (lupin), or 50 g glucose plus 12·5 g fibre and 22 g protein from soya isolates (soya). Serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured periodically for 4 h following beverage consumption. Compared with the control beverage, the 4 h post-beverage glucose response was lower (P < 0·001), and the 4 h post-beverage insulin and C-peptide responses were higher (P < 0·001) for lupin and soya. Glucose (P = 0·25) and C-peptide (P = 0·07) responses did not differ significantly between lupin and soya, but lupin resulted in a lower insulin response compared with soya (P = 0·013). Adding lupin or soya to a carbohydrate-rich beverage reduces glycaemia acutely in type 2 diabetic individuals. This may have a beneficial role in glycaemic management.
authors: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and the WAIMR Centre for Food and Genomic Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors: Emma R
authors: ER
authors: Dove
authors: Trevor A
authors: TA
authors: Mori
authors: Gerard T
authors: GT
authors: Chew
authors: Anne E
authors: AE
authors: Barden
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Woodman
authors: Ian B
authors: IB
authors: Puddey
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Sipsas
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Hodgson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D031297:Lupinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D030262:Soybean Proteins