title: A review of surgical techniques to correct upper eyelid retraction associated with thyroid eye disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We review the literature pertinent to surgical correction of upper eyelid retraction resulting from thyroid eye disease (TED).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although novel nonsurgical treatment of TED-upper eyelid retraction has been described, with botulinum A toxin and hyaluronic acid; graded full-thickness blepharotomy remains the mainstay of treatment for the condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graded full-thickness anterior blepharotomy provides predictable, reproducible results and is a simple surgical procedure to master. For patients who cannot undergo surgical intervention, botulinum toxin offers a novel nonsurgical answer to lid retraction, but may be complicated by overcorrection and introduces an additional variable that needs to be considered when following the patient.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. mk48@columbia.edu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Kazim
authors: Katherine G
authors: KG
authors: Gold
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A