title: Long-term follow-up of turned single implants placed in periodontally healthy patients after 16-22 years: radiographic and peri-implant outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retrospectively evaluate the survival, radiographic and peri-implant outcome of single turned Brånemark™ implants after at least 16 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 134 patients (C-group), 101 could be contacted concerning implant survival and 50 (59 remaining implants) were clinically examined (I-group). Marginal bone level was radiographically measured from the implant-abutment junction at baseline (=within 6 months after abutment connection) and 1-4, 5-8 and 16-22 years post-operatively. Probing depth, gingival and plaque index were measured. Marginal bone-level changes were analyzed using Friedman's and Wilcoxon's signed ranks tests. Spearman's correlations between radiographic and clinical parameters were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the C-group, 13 out of 166 implants in 11 out of 134 patients failed (CSR=91.5%). In the I-group (28 males-22 females; mean age 23.9 years at baseline; range 14-57), the mean follow-up was 18.4 years (range 16-22). The mean bone level was 1.7±0.88 mm (range -0.8 to 5) after 16-22 years. Changes in the mean marginal bone level were statistically significant between baseline and the second measuring interval (1-4 years). Thereafter, no significant differences could be demonstrated. The mean interproximal probing depth, gingival and plaque indices were 3.9±1.27 mm, 1.2±0.81 and 0.2±0.48, respectively. Probing depth was moderately correlated with gingival inflammation (r=0.6; P<0.001) but not with bone level (P>0.05). 81.4% of the implants had a bone level ≤2nd thread and 91.5% had a probing depth ≤5 mm. 76.3% had both bone level ≤2nd thread and probing depth ≤5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The single turned Brånemark™ implant is a predictable solution with high clinical survival and success rates. In general, a steady-state bone level can be expected over decades, with minimal signs of peri-implant disease. A minority (5%), however, presents with progressive bone loss.
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, De Pintelaan, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Malmö University, Carl Gustavsväg, Malmö, SwedenClinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dierens
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, De Pintelaan, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Malmö University, Carl Gustavsväg, Malmö, SwedenClinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Vandeweghe
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, De Pintelaan, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Malmö University, Carl Gustavsväg, Malmö, SwedenClinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kisch
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, De Pintelaan, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Malmö University, Carl Gustavsväg, Malmö, SwedenClinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nilner
authors: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, De Pintelaan, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Malmö University, Carl Gustavsväg, Malmö, SwedenClinic for Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Specialist Care, Malmö, Sweden.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: De Bruyn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome