title: Socioeconomic indicators and the risk of acute coronary heart disease events: comparison of population-based data from the United States and Finland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to determine whether a gradient of association of low socioeconomic status with incidence of coronary heart disease was present in two population-based cohorts, one from United States and the other from Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort and the Finnish FINRISK cohort, we estimated, with Cox proportional hazard regression models, incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), non-sudden cardiac death (NSCD), and non-fatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) for strata of income and education (follow-up: 1987-2001). In both cohorts, incidence rates of the three outcomes increased across all socioeconomic status exposure categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low education was associated with increased hazard of NFMI in both cohorts and with increased risk of SCD among ARIC women. Low income was significantly associated with increased hazard of all three outcomes among ARIC women and with increased hazard of cardiac death among ARIC men. In FINRISK, low income was significantly associated with increased risk of SCD only. Risk of SCD in the low income categories was similar for both cohorts. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and race (ARIC only) did not appreciably alter effect estimates in either cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indices of low SES show similar associations with increased risk of cardiac events in Finland and in United States.
authors: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Anna_Newton@unc.edu
authors: Anna M
authors: AM
authors: Kucharska-Newton
authors: Kennet
authors: K
authors: Harald
authors: Wayne D
authors: WD
authors: Rosamond
authors: Kathryn M
authors: KM
authors: Rose
authors: Thomas D
authors: TD
authors: Rea
authors: Veikko
authors: V
authors: Salomaa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003643:Death; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology