title: Pre-emptive intrathecal quinidine alleviates spinal nerve ligation-induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quinidine, a class I anti-arrhythmic agent, is a sodium channel blocker that is more potent than lidocaine and mexiletine. This study tested pre-emptive intrathecal quinidine to attenuate neuropathic pain induced by lumbar spinal nerve ligation (SNL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped equally (n=24 per group) as follows: group S (sham), removal of transverse process only; group L, SNL; group Q₃₅, SNL pretreated with intrathecal quinidine 35 mM (50 µl); group Q₇₀, SNL pretreated with intrathecal quinidine 70 mM (50 µl). Neuropathic pain was measured by thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Other measurements included dys-regulation of sodium channel Nav₁.₃ in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal microglia activation in spinal dorsal horn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spinal nerve ligation induced abnormal mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, up-regulated Nav₁.₃ in DRG, and activated microglia in spinal cord. Group Q₇₀ showed attenuated thermal hyperalgesia (P<0.001) and mechanical allodynia (P<0.05) on postoperative day 5 (POD₅) but not on POD₇, reversed up-regulated expression of Nav₁.₃ on POD₃ and POD₇ in DRG and significantly attenuated microglia activation on POD₇ (P=0.032) in spinal cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with intrathecal quinidine 70 mM before SNL attenuates nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain. The duration of the effect is 5 days.
authors: Graduate Institute of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
authors: Kuang-I
authors: KI
authors: Cheng
authors: Hung-Chen
authors: HC
authors: Wang
authors: Chung-Sheng
authors: CS
authors: Lai
authors: Hung-Pei
authors: HP
authors: Tsai
authors: Aij-Lie
authors: AL
authors: Kwan
authors: Shung-Tai
authors: ST
authors: Ho
authors: Jhi-Joung
authors: JJ
authors: Wang
authors: Lin-Li
authors: LL
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002929:Cinchona / Q000737:chemistry*; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects; D062552:NAV1.3 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D010147:Pain Measurement; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011802:Quinidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013127:Spinal Nerves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D062552:NAV1.3 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C478638:Scn3a protein, rat; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels; D011802:Quinidine