title: Use of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone immediately after the cardiovascular risk warnings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meta-analyses of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) revealed that rosiglitazone increased the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) and that pioglitazone increased the risk of HF and decreased the risk of MI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the change in the pattern of use of OHAs immediately after the publication of these meta-analyses on May 21, 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacy and medical claims data for a managed care organization were analyzed for patients continuously enrolled from January 1, 2005, to November 30, 2007, with at least 1 pharmacy claim for OHA in the 13-month period between November 1, 2006, and November 30, 2007. A 5-month pre-publication period (November 1, 2006, through March 31, 2007) was compared with a 5-month post-publication period (July 1, 2007, through November 30, 2007) using a differences-in-differences multinomial logistic regression. This regression explored discontinuation; continuation with monotherapy or adding another drug; and switching to a drug different from the index monotherapy drug after adjusting for gender, age, type of insurance, past 1-year history of MI or HF, and risk factors for MI and HF in the past 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative rate of switching to nonindex drug in the postpublication relative to prepublication was 2.64 (P=.046) for monotherapy rosiglitazone users and 0.72 (P=.583) for monotherapy pioglitazone users. The differences-in-differences estimate of the rate of switching to nonindex drugs for monotherapy rosiglitazone users was 3.64 (P=.090) times higher relative to the estimate for monotherapy pioglitazone users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of use differed fundamentally between monotherapy rosiglitazone users and users of all other monotherapy OHAs in the postperiod. Not only were monotherapy rosiglitazone patients switching to non-rosiglitazone drugs at a higher rate, but the rate also was more than 3 times higher than similar switches among monotherapy pioglitazone users in the postperiod relative to the preperiod. This shows that the market response as observed by patient/prescriber decisions to the adverse news was interpreted narrowly to monotherapy rosiglitazone, and there is little or no spillover to the other drugs. Therefore, this study found that there was a differential effect of meta-analyses on the use of the 2 drugs.
authors: Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 250 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA. rjain@rx.uga.edu
authors: Rahul
authors: R
authors: Jain
authors: C Daniel
authors: CD
authors: Mullins
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Lee
authors: Winston
authors: W
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D057915:Drug Substitution; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012306:Risk; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone