title: The therapeutic effects of R8-liposome-BCG-CWS on BBN-induced rat urinary bladder carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present gold standard for bladder cancer is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy, but serious side-effects are common. We previously reported that C3H/HeN mice vaccinated with a mixture of MBT-2 cells and artificial BCG, octaarginine-modified liposomes incorporating the cell wall of BCG (R8-liposome-BCG-CW), significantly inhibited growth of R8-liposome-BCG-CW pretreated MBT-2 cells. Our aim was to determine if a non-live bacterial agent could be as efficacious as live BCG in a model of bladder cancer. We investigated the suppressive effect of liposome-incorporating cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  F344 rats were fed with BBN and sodium ascorbate for 8 weeks, after which all rats were confirmed to have excreted atypical epithelial cells in the urine. Rats were administered BCG-CW(1.0 mg/rat) or R8-liposome-BCG-CWS (0.1 or 1.0 mg/rat) intravesically once/week for 8 weeks from week 28 to 35 of the experimental protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats receiving R8-liposome-BCG-CWS intravesically showed significantly inhibited numbers of tumors, especially those of simple hyperplasia, in comparison with the control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  R8-liposome-BCG-CWS administration had inhibitory effects on rat bladder carcinogenesis. These results may indicate a novel adoptive immunotherapy against bladder cancers.
authors: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3058575 Japan. jmiyazaki@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Nishiyama
authors: Ikuya
authors: I
authors: Yano
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Nakaya
authors: Hideyasu
authors: H
authors: Kohama
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Kawai
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Joraku
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
authors: Hideyoshi
authors: H
authors: Harashima
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Akaza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002085:Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D008081:Liposomes; D002085:Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine; D007371:Interferon-gamma