title: Blood profiling of proteins and steroids during weight maintenance with manipulation of dietary protein level and glycaemic index.
abstract: Weight regain after weight loss is common. In the Diogenes dietary intervention study, a high-protein and low-glycaemic index (GI) diet improved weight maintenance. The objective of the present study was to identify (1) blood profiles associated with continued weight loss and weight regain (2) blood biomarkers of dietary protein and GI levels during the weight-maintenance phase. Blood samples were collected at baseline, after 8 weeks of low-energy diet-induced weight loss and after a 6-month dietary intervention period from female continued weight losers (n 48) and weight regainers (n 48), evenly selected from four dietary groups that varied in protein and GI levels. The blood concentrations of twenty-nine proteins and three steroid hormones were measured. The changes in analytes during weight maintenance largely correlated negatively with the changes during weight loss, with some differences between continued weight losers and weight regainers. Increases in leptin (LEP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with weight regain (P < 0·001 and P = 0·005, respectively), and these relationships were influenced by the diet. Consuming a high-protein and high-GI diet dissociated the positive relationship between the change in LEP concentration and weight regain. CRP increased during the weight-maintenance period only in weight regainers with a high-protein diet (P < 0·001). In addition, testosterone, luteinising hormone, angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, insulin, glucagon, haptoglobin and growth hormone were also affected by the dietary intervention. The blood profile reflects not only the weight change during the maintenance period, but also the macronutrient composition of the dietary intervention, especially the protein level.
authors: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Claus
authors: C
authors: Holst
authors: Arne
authors: A
authors: Astrup
authors: Freek G
authors: FG
authors: Bouwman
authors: Sanne
authors: S
authors: van Otterdijk
authors: Will K W H
authors: WK
authors: Wodzig
authors: Malene R
authors: MR
authors: Andersen
authors: Marleen A
authors: MA
authors: van Baak
authors: Lone G
authors: LG
authors: Rasmussen
authors: J Alfredo
authors: JA
authors: Martinez
authors: Susan A
authors: SA
authors: Jebb
authors: Andreas F H
authors: AF
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Kafatos
authors: Teodora
authors: T
authors: Handjieva-Darlenska
authors: Petr
authors: P
authors: Hlavaty
authors: Wim H M
authors: WH
authors: Saris
authors: Edwin C M
authors: EC
authors: Mariman
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000097:blood; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000097:blood; D025341:Principal Component Analysis / Q000145:classification; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015843:Serpins / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D015843:Serpins; D013739:Testosterone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein