title: Interactive effects of melatonin, exercise and diabetes on liver glycogen levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on liver glycogen levels in rats with streptozotocin- induced diabetes and subjected to acute swimming exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats were divided into eight groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetes; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Melatonin was supplemented at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for four weeks. Liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained from the light microscope were transferred to PC medium and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were found in group 4. Liver glycogen levels in groups 3, 6, 7 and 8 (the diabetic groups) were higher than group 4, but lower than those in groups 1 and 2. The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates that melatonin supplementation maintains the liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise, while induced diabetes prevents this maintenance effect in rats.
authors: Selcuk University, High School of Physical Fitness and Sport, Konya, Turkey.
authors: Mursel
authors: M
authors: Bicer
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Akil
authors: Mustafa Cihat
authors: MC
authors: Avunduk
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Kilic
authors: Rasim
authors: R
authors: Mogulkoc
authors: Abdulkerim Kasim
authors: AK
authors: Baltaci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006003:Glycogen; D008550:Melatonin