title: Innate immune sensing of retroviral infection via Toll-like receptor 7 occurs upon viral entry.
abstract: Innate immune sensors are required for induction of pathogen-specific immune responses. Retroviruses are notorious for their ability to evade immune defenses and establish long-term persistence in susceptible hosts. However, some infected animals are able to develop efficient virus-specific immune responses, and thus can be employed for identification of critical innate virus-sensing mechanisms. With mice from two inbred strains that control retroviruses via adaptive immune mechanisms, we found that of all steps in viral replication, the ability to enter the host cell was sufficient to induce antivirus humoral immune responses. Virus sensing occurred in endosomes via a MyD88-Toll-like receptor 7-dependent mechanism and stimulated virus-neutralizing immunity independently of type I interferons. Thus, efficient adaptive immunity to retroviruses is induced in vivo by innate sensing of the early stages of retroviral infection.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Kane
authors: Laure K
authors: LK
authors: Case
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Leonid
authors: L
authors: Yurkovetskiy
authors: Stanislav
authors: S
authors: Dikiy
authors: Tatyana V
authors: TV
authors: Golovkina
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007370:Interferon Type I; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; C477038:Tlr7 protein, mouse; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7