title: Effects of vitamin E on color stability and palatability of strip loin steaks from cattle fed distillers grains.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preslaughter antioxidant supplementation to cattle fed wet distillers grains on carcass yield and quality grade, and on the color stability and consumer acceptability of steaks. Two hundred five crossbred steers were fed 35% wet distillers grains with the supplementation of 4 different levels of α-tocopheryl acetate: 0, 125, 250, and 500 IU•animal(-1)•d(-1) for 97 d. Chuck rolls (n = 69) and strip loins (n = 185) were collected and processed at 4 and 7 d postslaughter, respectively. Chucks were ground and separated into 0.23-kg samples. Strip loins were faced and cut into 2.54-cm steaks and packaged in a polyvinyl chloride overwrapped (PVC) package, a vacuum package, or modified atmosphere packages (MAP) for further color, α-tocopherol, objective tenderness, palatability, and proximate analysis. Color was measured objectively using a HunterLab Miniscan XE spectrophotometer (HunterLab Associates Inc., Reston, VA) and subjectively by a trained color panel, and a consumer panel was used to indicate which treatments affected retail acceptability and purchase decisions. Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements were used for objective tenderness, and a trained panel assessed subjective palatability characteristics. Instrumental color measurements revealed little difference for ground beef in both PVC and MAP packages, but diets with 500 and 250 IU•animal(-1)•d(-1) of vitamin E had a longer (P < 0.05) retention of redness and yellowness in steaks as compared with steaks from animals receiving less vitamin E. Subjective color evaluation for strip steaks indicated that greater vitamin E was more likely (P < 0.05) to maintain color stability, overall acceptability, and consumer purchase preference while decreasing percentage of discoloration. No significant differences (P > 0.10) were observed for objective tenderness and sensory attributes of strip steaks, and no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in protein, fat, and moisture percentages of ground beef. Lipid oxidation analysis indicated that steaks packaged in PVC for 7 d and MAP for 1, 3, and 7 d, and ground beef packaged in MAP and PVC for 0 and 7 d of retail display required greater inclusion of vitamin E (500 and 250 IU•animal(-1)•d(-1)) to remain below the 2.28 mg of malonaldehyde/kg threshold. Ultimately, 500 IU•animal(-1)•d(-1) of vitamin E should be supplemented to cattle fed wet distillers grain-based diets when products are packaged in MAP to maximize retail shelf life.
authors: Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA.
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Bloomberg
authors: G G
authors: GG
authors: Hilton
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: Hanger
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Richards
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Morgan
authors: D L
authors: DL
authors: VanOverbeke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003116:Color / Q000592:standards; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014810:Vitamin E