title: Impact of diabetes on muscle mass, muscle strength, and exercise tolerance in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on muscle mass, muscle strength, and exercise tolerance in patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 329 consecutive patients who received cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after CABG (DM group, n=178; non-DM group, n=151) and measured lean body weight, mid-upper arm muscle area (MAMA), and handgrip power (HGP) at the beginning of CR. We also performed an isokinetic strength test of the knee extensor (Ext) and flexor (Flex) muscles and a cardiopulmonary exercise testing at the same time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in risk factors, including age, gender, number of diseased vessels, or ejection fraction were observed between the 2 groups. The levels of Ext muscle strength, peak oxygen uptake, and anaerobic threshold were significantly lower in the DM group than in the non-DM group (all p<0.05). Both peak oxygen uptake and MAMA correlated with Ext and Flex muscle strength as well as HGP (all p<0.005). The MAMA, HGP, and Ext muscle strength were lower in patients who received insulin therapy than in those who did not. Interestingly, fasting glucose levels significantly and negatively correlated with Ext muscle strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that DM patients had a lower muscle strength and exercise tolerance than non-DM patients. Moreover, a high glucose level may affect these deteriorations in DM patients after CABG.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Miho
authors: M
authors: Nishitani
authors: Kazunori
authors: K
authors: Shimada
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Sunayama
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Masaki
authors: Atsumi
authors: A
authors: Kume
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Fukao
authors: Eiryu
authors: E
authors: Sai
authors: Haruyo
authors: H
authors: Yamashita
authors: Hirotoshi
authors: H
authors: Ohmura
authors: Tomo
authors: T
authors: Onishi
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Shioya
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Sato
authors: Akie
authors: A
authors: Shimada
authors: Taira
authors: T
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Amano
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Daida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose