title: Superficial and deep vein thrombosis associated with congenital absence of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava in a young male patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital absence of the inferior vena cava (AIVC) is a rare vascular anomaly that may be associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is underreported and may be present in up to 5% of young patients with DVT. We report a unique case of simultaneous thrombosis of both superficial and deep veins in a patient with AIVC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 20-year-old man presented with a 2-week history of a swollen, painful, left lower limb. On examination, the left leg and thigh were found to be swollen and varicosities were present along the lower abdominal wall. Ultrasound showed extensive superficial and deep venous thrombosis of the entire left lower limb. Computed tomography venogram revealed an infrahepatic AIVC with lower limb drainage through enlarged intrathoracic continuations of the azygous and hemiazygous veins. The patient was put on oral anticoagulant therapy and was well at 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis for DVT in patients with AIVC is that venous drainage of the lower limbs is inadequate, leading to venous stasis and thrombosis. All young patients presenting with idiopathic DVT should be investigated for inferior vena cava anomalies with computed tomography if ultrasound does not visualize the inferior vena cava.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. donaloconor@yahoo.com
authors: Donal B
authors: DB
authors: O'Connor
authors: Noel
authors: N
authors: O'Brien
authors: Tahir
authors: T
authors: Khani
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Sheehan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D053828:Stockings, Compression; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants