title: Screening method for the detection of a range of nitrofurans in avian eyes by optical biosensor.
abstract: An immunobiosensor assay was developed for the multi-residue screening of a range of nitrofuran compounds in avian eyes. A polyclonal antibody which binds at least 5 of the major parent nitrofurans was raised in a rabbit after inoculation with a nitrofuran mimic-protein conjugate. Sample homogenates were extracted into 0.1M hydrochloric acid and subjected to clean-up by solid phase extraction and micro-centrifugation prior to biosensor analysis. Validation data obtained from the analysis of 21 fortified samples has shown that the method has a detection capability (CCβ) of less than 1 ng eye(-1) for nitrofurazone (NFZ). In addition, cross-reactivity data and the analysis of a smaller number of fortified samples have shown that the method will also detect a range of other major parent nitrofurans including furazolidone (FZD), furaltadone (FTD), nitrofurantoin (NFA) and nifursol (NFS). Intra-assay variation (n=10) was calculated at 12.9% and 10.1% at concentrations of 1 ng eye(-1) and 2 ng eye(-1) NFZ respectively. Inter-assay variation (n=3) was determined to be 10.8% and 4.7% at the same NFZ concentrations respectively. The cross-reactivity profile and validation data for the detection of these nitrofurans are presented together with the results obtained following the analysis of a small number of incurred samples using the developed method.
authors: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. colin.thompson@afbini.gov.uk
authors: Colin S
authors: CS
authors: Thompson
authors: Imelda M
authors: IM
authors: Traynor
authors: Terence L
authors: TL
authors: Fodey
authors: Steven R H
authors: SR
authors: Crooks
authors: D Glenn
authors: DG
authors: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001717:Birds; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005123:Eye / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D009581:Nitrofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D009581:Nitrofurans