title: Mutation rate switch inside Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups: impact of selection and consequences for dating settlement in Europe.
abstract: R-lineage mitochondrial DNA represents over 90% of the European population and is significantly present all around the planet (North Africa, Asia, Oceania, and America). This lineage played a major role in migration "out of Africa" and colonization in Europe. In order to determine an accurate dating of the R lineage and its sublineages, we analyzed 1173 individuals and complete mtDNA sequences from Mitomap. This analysis revealed a new coalescence age for R at 54.500 years, as well as several limitations of standard dating methods, likely to lead to false interpretations. These findings highlight the association of a striking under-accumulation of synonymous mutations, an over-accumulation of non-synonymous mutations, and the phenotypic effect on haplogroup J. Consequently, haplogroup J is apparently not a Neolithic group but an older haplogroup (Paleolithic) that was subjected to an underestimated selective force. These findings also indicated an under-accumulation of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations localized on coding and non-coding (HVS1) sequences for haplogroup R0, which contains the major haplogroups H and V. These new dates are likely to impact the present colonization model for Europe and confirm the late glacial resettlement scenario.
authors: Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Mitochondriale U688, INSERM-Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Pierron
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Chang
authors: Amal
authors: A
authors: Arachiche
authors: Margit
authors: M
authors: Heiske
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Thomas
authors: Marine
authors: M
authors: Borlin
authors: Erwan
authors: E
authors: Pennarun
authors: Pacal
authors: P
authors: Murail
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Thoraval
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Rocher
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Letellier
mesh_terms: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D059645:Mutation Rate
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial