title: Relationship between occlusion and lisping in children with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature suggests that individuals with history of cleft lip and palate who present with midfacial growth deficiency are at higher risk of presenting lisping. The relationship between distortions during production of linguoalveolar fricative sounds and the severity of malocclusion, however, has not been established for the population with cleft.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between lisping and dental arch relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speech samples and dental arch casts were obtained from 106 children with operated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) during the stage of mixed dentition and before orthodontic treatment. Videotaped productions of the phrase /u saci saiw sedu/ were rated by speech-language pathologists for the identification of lisping during [s]. Dental arch casts were rated by orthodontists using the Goslon Yardstick and the Five-Year Index to establish dental arch relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple logistic regression showed no significant association between lisping and dento-occlusal index (p  =  .802) and age (p  =  .662). Substantial interjudge agreement during auditory-perceptual ratings was found (kappa  =  .63). Almost perfect agreement was found between orthodontists while establishing the dental arch relationship (kappa  =  .81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study failed to reveal an association between lisping and dental arch relationship in children with operated UCLP. Multiple variables may play a role in determining occurrence of lisping, warranting further investigation.
authors: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP), Bauru, Brazil. mirian3m@uol.com.br
authors: Melina Evangelista
authors: ME
authors: Whitaker
authors: José Alberto
authors: JA
authors: de Souza Freitas
authors: Maria Inês
authors: MI
authors: Pegoraro-Krook
authors: Terumi Okada
authors: TO
authors: Ozawa
authors: Rita
authors: R
authors: de Cássia Moura Carvalho Lauris
authors: José Roberto Pereira
authors: JR
authors: Lauris
authors: Jeniffer Cássia Rillo
authors: JC
authors: Dutka
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000503:physiopathology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003765:Models, Dental; D012307:Risk Factors; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014741:Video Recording