title: Targeting of Toll-like receptors: a decade of progress in combating infectious diseases.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognise highly conserved molecular structures, collectively known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In the past two decades, development and clinical implementation of TLR ligands-ie, chemically modified synthetic derivatives of naturally occurring ligands and fully synthetic small molecules-have been topics of intense research. Targeted manipulation of TLR signalling has been applied clinically to boost vaccine effectiveness, promote a robust T helper 1-predominant immune response against viral infection, or dampen the exaggerated inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Use of these new therapeutic molecules as adjuncts to conventional pharmacotherapy or stand-alone treatments might offer solutions to unmet clinical needs or could replace existing partly effective therapeutic strategies.
authors: Molecular Immunology Research Centre, and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Mona
authors: M
authors: Hedayat
authors: Mihai G
authors: MG
authors: Netea
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Rezaei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014612:Vaccines