title: P11 expression and PET in bipolar disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mental disorder, subdivided into BD-I and BD-II. Currently, few biomarkers differentiate BD-I from BD-II. However, it is suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA levels of p11 and positron emission tomography (PET) might be potential biomarkers for BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy controls (HCs), BD-I, and BD-II patients in remission (n = 20 in each group) underwent a resting PET study with the radiotracer [(18)F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose ((18)F-FDG). PBMC p11 mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing BD patients to HCs, normalized glucose metabolism (NGM) was higher in the hippocampus, parahippocampus, and amygdala, but lower in the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), insula and thalamus. Compared to BD-II, BD-I had hypometabolism of glucose in the aCC, bilateral middle and inferior gyrus, insula and striatum, and hypermetabolism of glucose in the left parahippocampus. PBMC p11 mRNA was over-expressed in both BD-I and BD-II, although there was no significant difference in its expression levels between BD-I and B-II patients. Further, there were significant positive correlations between PBMC p11 mRNA and NGM in the mPFC, aCC, left insula, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and left middle, inferior and superior temporal gyri. Also, PBMC p11 mRNA was positively correlated to the number of depressive episodes in BD patients, especially in BD-I patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that PBMC p11 mRNA expression is associated with neural activation in the brain of BD patients and warrants a larger translational study to determine its clinical utility.
authors: Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. Lezhang@USUHS.mil
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Cheng-Ta
authors: CT
authors: Li
authors: Tung-Ping
authors: TP
authors: Su
authors: Xian-Zhang
authors: XZ
authors: Hu
authors: Ruth A
authors: RA
authors: Lanius
authors: Maree J
authors: MJ
authors: Webster
authors: Ming-Yi
authors: MY
authors: Chung
authors: Ying-Sheue
authors: YS
authors: Chen
authors: Ya-Mei
authors: YM
authors: Bai
authors: Jeffery L
authors: JL
authors: Barker
authors: James E
authors: JE
authors: Barrett
authors: Xiao-Xia
authors: XX
authors: Li
authors: He
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Benedek
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Ursano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000099248:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10
chemical_list: D017306:Annexin A2; D015415:Biomarkers; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000099248:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A10