title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a quality of life questionnaire: the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) instrument is a disease-specific questionnaire for assessing the outcome of an intervention in nasal obstruction in trials. This instrument is only available in the English language and cross-culturally valid questionnaires are very important for all research, including nasal obstruction. The aim of the current study was to reproduce the cross-cultural adaptation process for the NOSE questionnaire in the Portuguese language (NOSE-p).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument were divided into two stages. Stage 1 involved four bilingual professionals, an expert committee and the author of the original instrument. In Stage 2, the NOSE-p was tested on 33 patients undergoing septoplasty for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and response sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cross-cultural adaptation process was completed and the NOSE-p was demonstrated to be a valid instrument with satisfactory construct validity. It showed an adequate internal consistency reliability and adequate test-retest reliability. It could discriminate between patients with and without nasal obstruction and it has a high response sensitivity to change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cross-cultural adaptation and validation process demonstrated to be valid and the NOSE-p proved to be applicable in Brazil.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. bezerratfp@gmail.com
authors: T F P
authors: TF
authors: Bezerra
authors: F G M
authors: FG
authors: Padua
authors: R R M
authors: RR
authors: Pilan
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Stewart
authors: R L
authors: RL
authors: Voegels
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D015508:Nasal Obstruction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires