title: Anesthetic agents and complications in Vietnamese potbellied pigs: 27 cases (1999-2006).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document complications associated with preanesthetic and anesthetic agents used in Vietnamese potbellied pigs and identify predictors of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 potbellied pigs (14 female and 13 male) ranging in age from 0.25 to 15 years old and ranging in body weight from 5.9 to 169 kg (13.0 to 371.8 lb) that were anesthetized on 32 occasions between 1999 and 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data, including perianesthetic management, anesthetic agents and dosages, complications, and outcome, were retrieved from medical records. Patient information, anesthetic agents, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated as predictors for development of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane during 30 anesthetic episodes. Commonly used premedicants were butorphanol, atropine, and midazolam administered in combination with xylazine or medetomidine and a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol. Anesthesia was induced with an inhalation agent on 15 occasions, via injection of ketamine on 10 occasions, and via injection of propofol on 3 occasions. Complications included hypoventilation (16/24 [67%]), hypotension (16/25 [64%]), hypothermia (15/31 [48%]), bradycardia (9/32 [28%]), and prolonged recovery time (7/32 [22%]). None of the factors evaluated were associated with development of these complications. All pigs survived anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that a variety of anesthetic agent combinations can be used to provide anesthesia in potbellied pigs with satisfactory outcomes. Although there were high incidences of hypoventilation, hypotension, and hypothermia, no specific anesthetic agent was associated with development of these complications.
authors: Department of Large Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors: Cynthia M
authors: CM
authors: Trim
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Braun
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives