title: Effects of propofol and pentobarbital on calcium concentration in presynaptic boutons on a rat hippocampal neuron.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous reports suggest that intravenously administered (IV) anesthetics affect postsynaptic events in the central nervous system. However, there is little evidence about how general anesthetics influence the presynaptic processes. The level of presynaptic calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration ([Ca(2+)](pre)) regulates neurotransmitter release. In this study, we investigated the effects of anesthetic propofol IV and the barbiturate pentobarbital on neurotransmitter release by measuring [Ca(2+)](pre) in the presynaptic nerve terminals (boutons) on a dissociated single hippocampal rat neuron.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats 10-14 days old were decapitated under pentobarbital anesthesia, and brain slices were prepared. The hippocampal CA1 area was touched with a fire-polished glass pipette, which vibrated horizontally, and neurons were dissociated, along with the attached presynaptic boutons. The presynaptic boutons were visualized under a confocal laser-scanning microscope after staining with FM1-43 dye, and [Ca(2+)](pre) was measured with acetoxymethyl ester of fluo-3 (fluo-3 AM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High potassium (K(+)) (15-90 mM) increased the [Ca(2+)](pre) in the Ca(2+)-containing solution in a concentration-dependent manner. Whereas propofol (10 μM) and pentobarbital (300 μM) suppressed the high K(+) (60 mM)-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](pre) in the boutons attached to the dendrite, they did not affect [Ca(2+)](pre) in the boutons attached to the soma or dendrite base. As a large majority of excitatory synapses are located on dendritic spines, these agents may affect Ca(2+) mobilization in the excitatory presynaptic boutons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol and pentobarbital may affect neurotransmitter release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminals due to inhibition of increase in [Ca(2+)](pre).
authors: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. ito@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Ito
authors: Hitomi
authors: H
authors: Sugiyama
authors: Seiko
authors: S
authors: Kitahara
authors: Yoshimi
authors: Y
authors: Ikemoto
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D018757:GABA Modulators; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010424:Pentobarbital; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D015742:Propofol