title: Stem cell-based therapy and regenerative approaches to diseases of the respiratory system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite treatment advances in many diseases of the respiratory system, outcome remains poor.
  
  
  METHODS
  This systematic review (PubMed and Ovid) 'analyses stem cell (SC)-based therapy and regenerative medicine (RM) approaches as potential novel strategies for diseases of the respiratory system. Current preclinical research and ongoing clinical trials are presented and their potential clinical impact and routine application discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These approaches may represent a promising alternative therapy for otherwise irreversible respiratory diseases. Several experimental and initial clinical data now exist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type of SC, limits of tissue engineering, route of delivery, cell behaviour (differentiation, growth, co-stimulation or immunomodulation) and interaction with the human microenvironment upon implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigating underlying pathways and mechanisms. Evaluating gene, epigenetic and protein regulation. Interaction with the environment under diseased and healthy conditions. Detecting approaches with significant scientific and clinical impact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential capacity of SC-based therapy and RM should be carefully investigated before their translation into clinical practice.
authors: Advanced Center for Translational REGenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobel Allé 8, Huddinge S-14186, Stockholm.
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Jungebluth
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Macchiarini
mesh_terms: D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends