title: Differential impact of diabetes and hypertension in the brain: adverse effects in grey matter.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) and/or hypertension (HTN) can contribute to cognitive decline, cerebral atrophy and white matter abnormalities in humans. Adult rat models of streptozotocin-induced DM1 and genetic strains of DM2 and HTN were used to investigate relative contributions of DM and HTN for alterations in cerebral structure and function as well as insulin receptor biology using cognitive testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histological and molecular methods. The effects of DM1 or DM2 were generally similar. DM was associated with earlier onset of cognitive impairment than with HTN alone. DM was independently correlated with brain atrophy, whereas HTN had minimal effects on brain volume. The combination of DM and HTN led to identifiable mild hippocampal neuronal loss while either DM or HTN led to synaptic loss. Only DM led to downregulation of the insulin receptor pathways' activation. In contrast, only HTN was associated with vascular luminal reduction and restricted cerebral perfusion on MRI. The impacts of DM and HTN in the brain differ, while their separate contributions can lead to some additive adverse effects within rodent brain grey matter.
authors: Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Adriena
authors: A
authors: Devisser
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Herring
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Martinez
authors: Alma
authors: A
authors: Rosales-Hernandez
authors: Ilia
authors: I
authors: Poliakov
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Ayer
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Garven
authors: Shaila
authors: S
authors: Zaver
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Rincon
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Xu
authors: Ursula I
authors: UI
authors: Tuor
authors: Ann Marie
authors: AM
authors: Schmidt
authors: Cory
authors: C
authors: Toth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011924:Rats, Zucker