title: Neuroprotection by melatonin after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating neurological disorder of very low birth weight premature infants that leads to post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and mental retardation. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant known to reverse free-radical mediated injury in the brain. This study investigated the effect of melatonin treatment after GMH injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clostridial collagenase was infused into the right germinal matrix region of neonatal rats with stereotaxic technique. Cognitive function, sensorimotor ability, cerebral, cardiac and splenic growths were measured in juvenile animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic melatonin treatment ameliorated cognitive and sensorimotor dysfunction at the juvenile developmental stage. This hormone also normalized brain atrophy, splenomegaly, and cardiac hypertrophy consequences at 1 month after injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the role of free radicals in acute neonatal hemorrhagic brain injury. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant that can protect the infant's brain from the post-hemorrhagic consequences of mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the mechanisms behind these neuroprotective effects.
authors: Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Lekic
authors: Anatol
authors: A
authors: Manaenko
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Rolland
authors: Kelly
authors: K
authors: Virbel
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Hartman
authors: Jiping
authors: J
authors: Tang
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D017364:Collagenases / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017364:Collagenases; D008550:Melatonin