title: Biomarker-based evaluation of two 24-h recalls for comparing usual fish, fruit and vegetable intakes across European centers in the EFCOVAL Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A standardized methodology is important to enable consistent monitoring of dietary intake across European countries. For this reason, we evaluated the comparability of the assessment of usual food intake collected with two non-consecutive computerized 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) and a food propensity questionnaire (FPQ) among five European centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two 24-HDRs using EPIC-Soft (the software developed to conduct 24-HDRs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study) were performed to determine fish, fruit and vegetable (FV) consumed by 600 adults in Belgium (BE), the Czech Republic (CZ), France (FR), the Netherlands (NL) and Norway (NO) in a validation study. An FPQ was used to identify non-consumers. Information from the 24-HDRs and FPQ were used to estimate individual usual food intake by the Multiple Source Method (MSM). Blood samples were drawn to determine fatty acids in phospholipids and serum carotenoids as biomarkers of fish, and FV intake, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled correlation between usual fish intake and eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid in phospholipids was 0.19 in men and 0.31 in women (P for heterogeneity >0.50) and center-specific correlations ranged between 0.08 (CZ) and 0.28 (BE and NO) in men, and between 0.19 (BE) and 0.55 (FR) in women. For usual FV intake, the pooled correlation with serum carotenoids was 0.31 in men and 0.40 in women (P for heterogeneity >0.10); the center-specific correlations varied between 0.07 (NO) and 0.52 (FR) in men, and between 0.25 (NL) and 0.45 (NO) in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two standardized 24-HDRs using EPIC-Soft and an FPQ appeared to be appropriate to rank individuals according to their fish and FV intake in a comparable way among five European centers.
authors: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Crispim
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Geelen
authors: O W
authors: OW
authors: Souverein
authors: P J M
authors: PJ
authors: Hulshof
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ruprich
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dofkova
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Huybrechts
authors: W
authors: W
authors: De Keyzer
authors: I T
authors: IT
authors: Lillegaard
authors: L F
authors: LF
authors: Andersen
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lafay
authors: A-S
authors: AS
authors: Rousseau
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Ocké
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Slimani
authors: P
authors: P
authors: van 't Veer
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005060:Europe; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D017747:Seafood; D012737:Sex Factors; D012984:Software / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010743:Phospholipids; D002338:Carotenoids