title: Effect of exercise training on vascular endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aim to investigate the effect of exercise training on endothelial function and exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to determine the effects of an 8-week exercise training programme (n = 32) vs. controls (n = 32) on brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients with stable CAD. After 8 weeks, patients received exercise training had significant improvements in FMD (1.84%, p = 0.002) and exercise capacity (2.04 metabolic equivalents, p < 0.001) compared with controls. The change in FMD correlated inversely with baseline FMD (r = -0.41, p = 0.001) and positively with the increase in exercise capacity (r = 0.35, p = 0.005). After adjusting for confounders, every 1 metabolic equivalent increase in exercise capacity was associated with 0.55% increase in FMD. Furthermore, patients received exercise training had significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate compared with controls. However, exercise training did not alter high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, oxidative stress measured as superoxide dismutase and 8-isoprostane, and CD34/KDR + endothelial progenitor cell count. Subgroup analysis showed that FMD was significantly improved only in CAD patients with baseline low exercise capacity (<median value of 7.65 metabolic equivalents, p = 0.004) but not in those with normal exercise capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training improved FMD and exercise capacity in stable CAD patients independent of the changes in inflammation, oxidative stress, or endothelial progenitor cells. The beneficial effects of exercise training on FMD and exercise capacity are inter-related, and more pronounced in those with baseline impaired exercise capacity.
authors: University of Hong Kong, PR China.
authors: Ting-Hin
authors: TH
authors: Luk
authors: Yuk-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Dai
authors: Chung-Wah
authors: CW
authors: Siu
authors: Kai-Hang
authors: KH
authors: Yiu
authors: Hiu-Ting
authors: HT
authors: Chan
authors: Stephen W L
authors: SW
authors: Lee
authors: Sheung-Wai
authors: SW
authors: Li
authors: Bonnie
authors: B
authors: Fong
authors: Wai-Keung
authors: WK
authors: Wong
authors: Sidney
authors: S
authors: Tam
authors: Chu-Pak
authors: CP
authors: Lau
authors: Hung-Fat
authors: HF
authors: Tse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002681:China; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers