title: Association between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and new-onset chronic kidney disease in Japanese male workers: a long-term retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperuricemia is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored the hypothesis that asymptomatic hyperuricemia may be associated with new-onset CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were all male factory workers in Kanagawa, Japan (n = 1,285). All were over 40 years of age and had undergone annual health examinations from 1990 to 2007. Individuals with a history of gouty attacks were excluded from the study. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by following the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for each participant over a maximum period of 18 years. The endpoint was new-onset CKD defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The associations between new-onset CKD and the presence of hyperuricemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (± standard deviation) follow-up period was 95.2 (± 66.7) months, and new-onset CKD was observed in 100 participants (7.8%) during this follow-up. Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the hazard ratio of new-onset CKD due to hyperuricemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and obesity were 3.99 (95% confidence interval: 2.59-6.15), 1.69 (1.00-2.86), 2.00 (1.29-3.11) and 1.35 (0.87-2.10), respectively. Concerning hyperuricemia, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and obesity, the log-rank tests showed P values of < 0.01, 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a predictive factor for new-onset CKD for Japanese male workers.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan. kwada-sgy@umin.ac.jp.
authors: Masatoshi
authors: M
authors: Kawashima
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Wada
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Ohta
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Terawaki
authors: Yoshiharu
authors: Y
authors: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology*; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D007221:Industry; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors