title: Effect of organic-phase solvents on physicochemical properties and cellular uptake of astaxanthin nanodispersions.
abstract: A simplex centroid mixture design was used to study the interactions between two chosen solvents, dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone (ACT), as organic-phase components in the formation and physicochemical characterization and cellular uptake of astaxanthin nanodispersions produced using precipitation and condensation processes. Full cubic or quadratic regression models with acceptable determination coefficients were obtained for all of the studied responses. Multiple-response optimization predicted that the organic phase with 38% (w/w) DCM and 62% (w/w) ACT yielded astaxanthin nanodispersions with the minimum particle size (106 nm), polydispersity index (0.191), and total astaxanthin loss (12.7%, w/w) and the maximum cellular uptake (2981 fmol/cell). Astaxanthin cellular uptake from the produced nanodispersions also showed a good correlation with their particle size distributions and astaxanthin trans/cis isomerization ratios. The absence of significant (p > 0.05) differences between the experimental and predicted values of the response variables confirmed the adequacy of the fitted models.
authors: Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors: Navideh
authors: N
authors: Anarjan
authors: Chin Ping
authors: CP
authors: Tan
authors: Tau Chuan
authors: TC
authors: Ling
authors: Kwan Liang
authors: KL
authors: Lye
authors: Hoda Jafarizadeh
authors: HJ
authors: Malmiri
authors: Imededdine Arbi
authors: IA
authors: Nehdi
authors: Yoke Kqueen
authors: YK
authors: Cheah
authors: Hamed
authors: H
authors: Mirhosseini
authors: Badlishah Sham
authors: BS
authors: Baharin
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002364:Caseins; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D012997:Solvents; D024341:Xanthophylls; D000096:Acetone; D008752:Methylene Chloride; C005948:astaxanthine