title: Plasmodium berghei NK65 induces cerebral leukocyte recruitment in vivo: an intravital microscopic study.
abstract: Malaria is second only to tuberculosis as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality as a consequence of a single infectious agent. Much of the pathology of malaria arises from the inappropriate or excessive immune response mounted by the host in an attempt to eliminate the parasite. We here report the inflammatory changes observed in the cerebral microvasculature of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice that had been inoculated with Plasmodium berghei NK65, a lethal strain of rodent malaria. Although no neurological signs were observed in experimentally infected mice, inflammation of the cerebral microvasculature was clearly evident. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that alterations in cerebral tissue were more intense in infected C57Bl/6 mice than in infected BALB/c animals. Intravital microscopic examination of the cerebral microvasculature revealed increased leukocyte rolling and adhesion in pial venules of infected mice compared with non-infected animals. The extravasation of Evans blue dye into the cerebral parenchyma was also elevated in infected mice in comparison with their non-infected counterparts. Additionally, protein levels of TNF-α, MIG/CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3 and RANTES/CCL5 were up-regulated in brain samples derived from infected C57Bl/6 mice. Taken together, the data reported here illustrate the complex strain-dependent relationships between leukocyte recruitment, blood brain barrier permeability and chemokine production.
authors: Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil. norinneq@yahoo.com.br
authors: Norinne
authors: N
authors: Lacerda-Queiroz
authors: Onésia Cristina Oliveira
authors: OC
authors: Lima
authors: Cláudia Martins
authors: CM
authors: Carneiro
authors: Márcia Carvalho
authors: MC
authors: Vilela
authors: Antônio Lúcio
authors: AL
authors: Teixeira
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors: Márcio Sobreira Silva
authors: MS
authors: Araújo
authors: Olindo Assis
authors: OA
authors: Martins-Filho
authors: Erika Martins
authors: EM
authors: Braga
authors: Juliana
authors: J
authors: Carvalho-Tavares
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008288:Malaria / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines