title: The role of nasal corticosteroids in the treatment of rhinitis.
abstract: Intranasal corticosteroids (INSs) are the first choice for rhinitis pharmacotherapy. This preference is because of their broad range of actions that result in reductions of proinflammatory mediators, cytokines, and cells. Over the past 30 years, INSs have been modified to improve their pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and delivery system properties, with attention to improving characteristics such as receptor binding affinity, lipophilicity, low systemic bioavailability, and patient preference. Clinically, they have been shown to be the most effective class of nasal medications for treating allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinopathy, with no clear evidence that any specific INS is superior to others.
authors: Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, 5776 Ruffin Road, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. eomeltzer@aol.com
authors: Eli O
authors: EO
authors: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011987:Receptors, Steroid