title: The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini expresses nitric oxide synthase but not gelatinases.
abstract: Host-parasite interaction during infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini plays an important role in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma via nitric oxide (NO) production. Host cells induce nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent DNA damage and secrete Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac)1, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9). We evaluated whether these enzymes are expressed in O. viverrini. Colocalization of NOS and Rac1 was most prominently detected on day 30 post-infection (p.i.) in the gut, reproductive organ, eggs, acetabular and tegument. Expression of HO-1, an antioxidative enzyme, increased in a similar pattern to NOS, but was not present in the tegument. The levels of nitrate/nitrite, end products of NO, and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity, an indicator of antioxidant enzyme capacity, in parasite homogenates were highest on day 30 p.i. and then decreased on day 90 p.i. In contrast, zymography revealed that MMP2 and MMP9 were not present in parasite homogenates at all time points. In conclusion, O. viverrini induces NOS expression and NO production, but does not express gelatinases. The study may provide basic information and an insight into drug design for prevention and/or intervention approaches against O. viverrini infection.
authors: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand.
authors: Suksanti
authors: S
authors: Prakobwong
authors: Porntip
authors: P
authors: Pinlaor
authors: Lakhanawan
authors: L
authors: Charoensuk
authors: Jarinya
authors: J
authors: Khoontawad
authors: Puangrat
authors: P
authors: Yongvanit
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Hiraku
authors: Somchai
authors: S
authors: Pinlaor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000662:veterinary; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000201:enzymology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D018093:Gelatinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein