title: Partial in vitro and in vivo red scorpion venom neutralization activity of Andrographis paniculata.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) is the most lethal among all poisonous species of scorpions. Envenoming by Mesobuthus tamulus is quite common along the western coast of India, without any established therapy. Andrographis paniculata is one of the plants that has long been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of poisoning by animal bites. Hence, the study was planned to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of Mesobuthus tamulus envenoming.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethanolic extract of the plant Andrographis paniculata was obtained using a soxhelet apparatus. Lyophilized venom sample of Mesobuthus tamulus was used. Swiss albino mice weighing 20-30 g were used in the study. Calculation of LD(99) of Mesobuthus tamulus venom was performed using Turner's method. Acute toxicity of Mesobuthus tamulus venom and its neutralization by the plant extract at a dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg in vivo was seen. Neutralization of the lethal venom effect of Mesobuthus tamulus by plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg by Alam and Gome's method (in vitro) was also seen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LD(99) of Mesobuthus tamulus venom from this study was determined to be 25.12 μg/g and the LD(50) was 15.85 μg/g. In the acute toxicity and in vivo neutralization study, plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg resulted in a mean survival of 62.667 min and 39.333 min, respectively. Neutralization of the lethal venom effect of Mesobuthus tamulus by the plant extract at the dose of 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg by Alam and Gome's method (in vitro) showed a mean survival of 49.667 min and 42.5 min, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ethanolic extract of Adrographis paniculata has some protective effect against the red scorpion venom in mice but does not offer any survival benefit.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, India.
authors: Ranjana I
authors: RI
authors: Brahmane
authors: Swanand S
authors: SS
authors: Pathak
authors: Vikrant V
authors: VV
authors: Wanmali
authors: Kartik J
authors: KJ
authors: Salwe
authors: S John
authors: SJ
authors: Premendran
authors: Bhawna B
authors: BB
authors: Shinde