title: Intranasal delivery of drugs to eustachian tube orifice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intranasal medication administration which aims to deliver to the eustachian tube orifice has been adopted for the management of a number of otological conditions, acting via a reduction in tubal oedema and improved ventilation. Evidence for the optimal head position for such drug administration is limited. We compared four different positions and also assessed spray versus drop formulation, to determine optimal delivery conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, five-period, cross-over study using methylene blue dyed saline in a drops or spray container. Five healthy volunteers tested the Mygind, Ragan, Mecca and 'head back' head positions. Nasal spray drug delivery in the most effective head position was then compared with drops drug delivery (administered in the head back position). Intranasal delivery was assessed photographically using a 30° rigid naso-endoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximal nasal drops delivery was achieved with the Mygind and Ragan positions. Drops were more successful than spray in reaching the eustachian tube orifice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Mygind and Ragan positions are best for eustachian tube orifice drug delivery, and drops preparations are better than spray preparations.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Tameside Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, UK.
authors: Y G
authors: YG
authors: Karagama
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rashid
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Lancaster
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Karkanevatos
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: William
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004724:Endoscopy; D005064:Eustachian Tube; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000777:Anesthetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008751:Methylene Blue