title: Botulinum Toxin in the management of hitchhiker's toe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperextension of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscle is a well recognised disabling sequel of either pyramidal or extrapyramidal lesions causing what is known as striated or hitchhiker's toe. Surgery was the only effective strategy to manage EHL hyperextension before botulinum toxin's use to manage muscular dystonia and spasticity became widely popular.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre retrospective study. A standard proforma was sent to specialists in neurological rehabilitation dealing routinely with this problem. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four consultants and two trainees representing five separate neurological rehabilitation services agreed to participate in the study. Full data was available from the 29 proformas completed. The subjects were 15 females with an age range between 20 and 78 years (mean 58.7). Stroke was the primary diagnosis in 18 subjects. Four subjects had bilateral involvement. 16 subjects had either an associated foot drop or equino varus deformity. Dysport® was used in 15 subjects with an average dose of 170 units per injection and Botox® in the other 14 with an average dose of 65 units. The treatment was effective in 24 subjects (83%). All patients receiving Dysport® responded to the treatment. Whilst 5 Botox® treated patients failed to respond to it (35% failure rate). Most of the non respondents seemed to receive insufficient doses of Botox® (below 60 units). Surgical management was successful in 3 out of the 5 non respondent cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botilinum Toxin is an effective and safe method to manage hitchhicker's toe. In our study the conversion ratio between Dysport® and Botox® was 2.5:1. Third of the patients receiving Botox® failed to respond to the treatment most probably due to insufficient doses used.
authors: Rehabilitation Medicine, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK. tgaber@doctors.net.uk
authors: Tarek A-Z K
authors: TA
authors: Gaber
authors: Bhaskar
authors: B
authors: Basu
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Shakespeare
authors: Rajiv
authors: R
authors: Singh
authors: Sohail
authors: S
authors: Salam
authors: John
authors: J
authors: McFarlane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D005260:Female; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014034:Toes / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C542869:abobotulinumtoxinA