title: A comprehensive introduction to the genetic basis of non-syndromic hearing loss in the Saudi Arabian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hearing loss is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Mutations in the DFNB1 locus have been reported to be the most common cause of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss worldwide. Apart from DFNB1, many other loci and their underlying genes have also been identified and the basis of our study was to provide a comprehensive introduction to the delineation of the molecular basis of non-syndromic hearing loss in the Saudi Arabian population. This was performed by screening DFNB1 and to initiate prioritized linkage analysis or homozygosity mapping for a pilot number of families in which DFNB1 has been excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals from 130 families of Saudi Arabian tribal origin diagnosed with an autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss were screened for mutations at the DFNB1 locus by direct sequencing. If negative, genome wide linkage analysis or homozygosity mapping were performed using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Mapping 250K/6.0 Arrays to identify regions containing any known-deafness causing genes that were subsequently sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results strongly indicate that DFNB1 only accounts for 3% of non-syndromic hearing loss in the Saudi Arabian population of ethnic ancestry. Prioritized linkage analysis or homozygosity mapping in five separate families established that their hearing loss was caused by five different known-deafness causing genes thus confirming the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder in the kingdom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall results of this study are highly suggestive that underlying molecular basis of autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness in Saudi Arabia is very genetically heterogeneous. In addition, we report that the preliminary results indicate that there does not seem to be any common or more prevalent loci, genes or mutations in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss in patients of Saudi Arabian tribal origin.
authors: Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. fahmad@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors: Faiqa
authors: F
authors: Imtiaz
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Taibah
authors: Khushnooda
authors: K
authors: Ramzan
authors: Ghada
authors: G
authors: Bin-Khamis
authors: Shelley
authors: S
authors: Kennedy
authors: Bashayer
authors: B
authors: Al-Mubarak
authors: Daniah
authors: D
authors: Trabzuni
authors: Rabab
authors: R
authors: Allam
authors: Abeer
authors: A
authors: Al-Mostafa
authors: Sameera
authors: S
authors: Sogaty
authors: Abdulmoneem H
authors: AH
authors: Al-Shaikh
authors: Saeed S
authors: SS
authors: Bamukhayyar
authors: Brian F
authors: BF
authors: Meyer
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Owain
mesh_terms: D000072259:Connexin 26; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005820:Genetic Testing; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; C000607042:GJB2 protein, human; D000072259:Connexin 26