title: The history of facial palsy and spasm: Hippocrates to Razi.
abstract: Although Sir Charles Bell was the first to provide the anatomic basis for the condition that bears his name, in recent years researchers have shown that other European physicians provided earlier clinical descriptions of peripheral cranial nerve 7 palsy. In this article, we describe the history of facial distortion by Greek, Roman, and Persian physicians, culminating in Razi's detailed description in al-Hawi. Razi distinguished facial muscle spasm from paralysis, distinguished central from peripheral lesions, gave the earliest description of loss of forehead wrinkling, and gave the earliest known description of bilateral facial palsy. In doing so, he accurately described the clinical hallmarks of a condition that we recognize as Bell palsy.
authors: Department of Infectious Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. msajadi@ihv.umaryland.edu
authors: Mohammad M
authors: MM
authors: Sajadi
authors: Mohamad-Reza M
authors: MR
authors: Sajadi
authors: Seyed Mahmoud
authors: SM
authors: Tabatabaie
mesh_terms: D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000266:history*; D006115:Greece; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D018644:Roman World / Q000266:history; D013035:Spasm / Q000266:history*