title: 3-Oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhibition of cell-cycle progression is a target for the treatment of cancer. 3-Oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid (3-OOLA) has shown significant anticancer activity towards diverse cancer cells, but has not been investigated for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of 3-OOLA in NSCLC cell lines and its underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MTT assay, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, and flow cytometry were used for cell proliferation studies, and annexin V staining for apoptotic effects. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  3-OOLA caused G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest without inducing apoptosis in NSCLC cells, and Western blot analyses demonstrated down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E and phosphorylated Rb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3-OOLA inhibits cell proliferation of NSCLC cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 through down-regulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors: Nara
authors: N
authors: Tae
authors: Juhee
authors: J
authors: Seo
authors: Byung-Sun
authors: BS
authors: Min
authors: Sungwoo
authors: S
authors: Ryoo
authors: Jeong-Hyung
authors: JH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C561774:3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019927:Cyclin E; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D019938:Cyclin D1; D009828:Oleanolic Acid