title: Impact of low v. moderate intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids on risk of coronary heart disease.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine whether the consumption of ≥ 250 v. < 250 mg of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCFA) per d is associated with a reduction in the risk of fatal and non-fatal CHD in individuals with no prior history of CHD. A comprehensive and systematic review of the published scientific literature resulted in the identification of eight prospective studies (seven cohorts and one nested case-control study) that met predefined inclusion criteria. Relative to the consumption of < 250 mg n-3 LCFA per d, the consumption of ≥ 250 mg/d was associated with a significant 35·1 % reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death and a near-significant 16·6 % reduction in the risk of total fatal coronary events, while the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction was not significantly reduced. In several meta-analyses, which were based on US studies, risk of CHD death was found to be dose-dependently reduced by the n-3 LCFA, with further risk reductions observed with intakes in excess of 250 mg/d. Prospective observational and intervention data from Japan, where intake of fish is very high, suggest that n-3 LCFA intakes of 900 to 1000 mg/d and greater may confer protection against non-fatal myocardial infarction. Thus, the intake of 250 mg n-3 LCFA per d may, indeed, be a minimum target to be achieved by the general population for the promotion of cardiovascular health.
authors: Cantox Health Sciences International, An Intertek Company, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 308, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L5N 2X7. kmusa-veloso@cantox.com
authors: Kathy
authors: K
authors: Musa-Veloso
authors: Malcolm A
authors: MA
authors: Binns
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Kocenas
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Chung
authors: Harry
authors: H
authors: Rice
authors: Hilde
authors: H
authors: Oppedal-Olsen
authors: Hilary
authors: H
authors: Lloyd
authors: Shawna
authors: S
authors: Lemke
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3