title: Arousal modulation of memory and amygdala-parahippocampal connectivity: a PET-psychophysiology study in specific phobia.
abstract: Phobic fear is accompanied by intense bodily responses modulated by the amygdala. An amygdala moderated psychophysiological measure related to arousal is electrodermal activity. We evaluated the contributions of electrodermal activity to amygdala-parahippocampal regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during phobic memory encoding in subjects with spider or snake phobia. Recognition memory was increased for phobia-related slides and covaried with rCBF in the amygdala and the parahippocampal gyrus. The covariation between parahippocampal rCBF and recognition was related to electrodermal activity suggesting that parahippocampal memory processes were associated with sympathetic activity. Electrodermal activity further mediated the amygdala effect on parahippocampal activity. Memory encoding during phobic fear therefore seems contingent on amygdala's influence on arousal and parahippocampal activity.
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Fredrik
authors: F
authors: Åhs
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Åsa Michelgård
authors: ÅM
authors: Palmquist
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Pissiota
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Lieuwe
authors: L
authors: Appel
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Örjan
authors: Ö
authors: Frans
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Israel
authors: I
authors: Liberzon
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Furmark
authors: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenUppsala Imanet, GE Healthcare, Uppsala, SwedenUniversity of Michigan School of Natural Resources, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors: Mats
authors: M
authors: Fredrikson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography