title: Exercise pre-conditioning reduces brain inflammation and protects against toxicity induced by traumatic brain injury: behavioral and neurochemical approach.
abstract: Although the favorable effects of physical exercise in neurorehabilitation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well known, detailed pathologic and functional alterations exerted by previous physical exercise on post-traumatic cerebral inflammation have been limited. In the present study, it is showed that fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) induced motor function impairment, followed by increased plasma fluorescein extravasation and cerebral inflammation characterized by interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increase, and decreased IL-10. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) increase and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity inhibition after FPI suggest that the opening of blood-brain barrier (BBB) followed by neurtrophils infiltration and cerebral inflammation may contribute to the failure of selected targets leading to secondary damage. In fact, Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong correlation of MPO activity increase with Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity inhibition in sedentary rats. Statistical analysis also revealed that previous running exercise (4 weeks) protected against FPI-induced motor function impairment and fluorescein extravasation. Previous physical training also induced IL-10 increase per se and protected against cerebral IL-1β, and TNF-α increase and IL-10 decrease induced by FPI. This protocol of physical training was effective against MPO activity increase and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity inhibition after FPI. The present protection correlated with MPO activity decrease suggests that the alteration of cerebral inflammatory status profile elicited by previous physical training reduces initial damage and limits long-term secondary degeneration after TBI. This prophylactic effect may facilitate functional recovery in patients suffering from brain injury induced by TBI.
authors: Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors: Bibiana Castagna
authors: BC
authors: Mota
authors: Leticia
authors: L
authors: Pereira
authors: Mauren Assis
authors: MA
authors: Souza
authors: Luiz Fernando Almeida
authors: LF
authors: Silva
authors: Danieli Valnes
authors: DV
authors: Magni
authors: Ana Paula Oliveira
authors: AP
authors: Ferreira
authors: Mauro Schneider
authors: MS
authors: Oliveira
authors: Ana Flávia
authors: AF
authors: Furian
authors: Leidiane
authors: L
authors: Mazzardo-Martins
authors: Morgana Duarte da
authors: MD
authors: Silva
authors: Adair Roberto Soares
authors: AR
authors: Santos
authors: Juliano
authors: J
authors: Ferreira
authors: Michele Rechia
authors: MR
authors: Fighera
authors: Luiz Fernando Freire
authors: LF
authors: Royes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase