title: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women with epilepsy: relationships to potential epileptic, antiepileptic drug, and reproductive endocrine factors.
abstract: The purpose of this prospective observational investigation was to determine whether the frequency of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and the severity of PMDD symptoms differ between women with epilepsy and controls without epilepsy and whether there exists a relationship between the severity of PMDD symptoms and some epileptic, antiepileptic drug, and reproductive endocrine features. The results suggest that epilepsy, antiepileptic drug levels, ovulatory status, and hormone levels and ratios may all influence PMDD in women with epilepsy. PMDD severity scores may be greater in people with right-sided than in those with left-sided epilepsy, and in people with temporal than in those with nontemporal epileptic foci. PMDD severity scores may be greater with anovulatory cycles, and scores may correlate negatively with midluteal serum progesterone levels and positively with midluteal estradiol/progesterone ratios. Mood score may vary with particular antiepileptic drugs, favoring carbamazepine and lamotrigine over levetiracetam. PMDD severity scores may correlate directly with carbamazepine levels, whereas they correlate inversely with lamotrigine levels.
authors: Harvard Neuroendocrine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. aherzog@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors: Andrew G
authors: AG
authors: Herzog
authors: Sarah D
authors: SD
authors: Smithson
authors: Kristen M
authors: KM
authors: Fowler
authors: Kaarkhuzali B
authors: KB
authors: Krishnamurthy
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Sundstrom
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Kalayjian
authors: Christi N
authors: CN
authors: Heck
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Oviedo
authors: Guadalupe
authors: G
authors: Correl-Leyva
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Garcia
authors: Katherine A
authors: KA
authors: Gleason
authors: Barbara A
authors: BA
authors: Dworetzky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol