title: Overexpression of renal tumor antigen is associated with tumor invasion and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of renal tumor antigen (RAGE) in the progression and clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  RAGE mRNA levels in 350 cases of HCC were investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed the relationship of RAGE mRNA level with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome. To identify the possible role of RAGE on cellular invasion, we performed in vitro analyses using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  RAGE mRNA level was significantly higher in HCC than in noncancerous hepatic tissues (P < 0.001). Overexpression of RAGE was significantly correlated with the presence of multiple tumors (P = 0.021), high alfa-fetoprotein level (P = 0.042), and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.016). Higher levels of RAGE expression were associated with significantly shorter overall survival time (P = 0.029). Knockdown of RAGE expression by siRNAs suppressed the invasive ability of HCC cells and the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). We found that RAGE and MMP-9 expressions were correlated in HCCs, and furthermore, the combination of RAGE and MMP-9 expression was associated with the survival of patients (P = 0.0066).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that RAGE may be important in tumor invasion and could be a potential predictor for the prognosis of HCC patients.
authors: Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
authors: Hyung Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Cha
authors: Jongmin
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Sun Mi
authors: SM
authors: Hong
authors: Seok Joo
authors: SJ
authors: Hong
authors: Jun Ho
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Eung-Sam
authors: ES
authors: Kim
authors: Hee-Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Wang
authors: Yoon Jung
authors: YJ
authors: Choi
authors: In-Gu
authors: IG
authors: Do
authors: Jae Won
authors: JW
authors: Joh
authors: Dae Shick
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Kwan Yong
authors: KY
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000201:enzymology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C498978:MOK protein, human; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9