title: A cross-sectional study of demographic and morphologic features of rotator cuff disease in paraplegic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study analyzed the demographic and morphologic features of rotator cuff disease in paraplegic patients who presented with or without shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging examinations of both shoulders were performed in 317 paraplegic patients. Mean age was 49 (range, 19-76) years. The level of spinal cord injury was between T2 and T7 In 54% of patients and between T8 and L3 in 46%. Constant scores were measured for all shoulders. Pain was analyzed using a visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rotator cuff tears were not present in 51%, were unilateral in 20%, and were bilateral in 29%. Age was older and duration of spinal cord injury was significantly longer in patients with bilateral tears than in patients without or with unilateral tears (P < .001). In patients with unilateral tears, a full-thickness rupture of the supraspinatus tendon was found in 67%, whereas a partial-rupture was detected in 33%. Of the patients with bilateral tears, 75% presented with a full-thickness rupture and 25% with a partial rupture. The mean Constant score was 76 (range, 37-98) in patients without cuff tears, 69 (range, 16-94) for patients with unilateral tears, and 64 (16-96) for patients with bilateral tears (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotator cuff disease is common and correlates highly with age and duration of spinal cord injury, which underlines the theory of "wear and tear" in wheelchair-dependent patients.
authors: Orthopaedic Department, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Akbar
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Brunner
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Balean
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Grieser
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Bruckner
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Loew
authors: Patric
authors: P
authors: Raiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000473:pathology*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012421:Rupture; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult