title: Effects of pain controllability and discrepancy in social support on depressed mood among patients with chronic pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preference of types of social support may vary across recipients, and social support that is less than the amount preferred may be associated with depressed mood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the interaction effects between pain controllability and discrepancy in social support and the additive utility of discrepancy in social support over perceived social support in predicting depressed mood among patients with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 173 patients seeking treatment at two outpatient pain management clinics in Hawaii participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that (1) patients with low pain controllability preferred significantly more social support than those with high pain controllability, for all types of social support; (2) patients preferred significantly more informational and emotional support than instrumental support for both pain controllability levels; (3) discrepancy in informational or instrumental support was not associated with depressed mood, whereas discrepancy in emotional support was significantly associated with more depressed mood for low pain controllability, but not for high pain controllability; and (4) discrepancy in emotional support added a significant increment of variance in predicting depressed mood over and above perceived emotional support, whereas discrepancy in informational or instrumental support did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest the relative importance of discrepancy in emotional support from a significant other, especially for patients with low pain controllability.
authors: Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, 221 Dongjak-gu, Heukseok-dong, Seoul, South Korea. sungkunc@gmail.com
authors: Sungkun
authors: S
authors: Cho
authors: Ira D
authors: ID
authors: Zunin
authors: Puihan J
authors: PJ
authors: Chao
authors: Elaine M
authors: EM
authors: Heiby
authors: James
authors: J
authors: McKoy
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012944:Social Support