title: Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis and neurogenic pulmonary edema in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a well-known complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which potentially causes a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to examine if NPE occurs in the endovascular perforation model of SAH in mice and if apoptosis contributes to NPE development after SAH in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sham-operated or SAH mice were treated with an intraperitoneal administration of vehicle or an antiapoptotic drug Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) 1 h post-SAH. Pulmonary edema measurements and evaluation of apoptosis occurrence were performed on the lung at 24 h post-SAH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAH caused NPE, which was associated with apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells. Z-VAD-FMK significantly prevented apoptosis and NPE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of NPE after SAH in mice.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
authors: Hidenori
authors: H
authors: Suzuki
authors: Takumi
authors: T
authors: Sozen
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Hasegawa
authors: Wanqiu
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Kanamaru
authors: Waro
authors: W
authors: Taki
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007211:Indoles; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D007211:Indoles; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; C007293:DAPI; D053148:Caspase 3