title: Anti-diabetic activity and potential mechanism of total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring in rats induced by high fat diet and low dose STZ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring (TFST), and to explore the pertinent mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  High fat diet and STZ (35 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats were administered with TFST at graded oral doses (100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day, ig.) for 8 weeks. A range of parameters, including blood glucose and lipid, serum insulin and glucagon, glucose tolerance, were tested to evaluate its anti-diabetic effects. The determination of protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissue and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues was used to study the mechanism of TFST. Moreover, the preliminary study of TFST on the antioxidant activity was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TFST possessed anti-diabetic activities as shown by the decreased serum levels of fast blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobulin A1C (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucagon, as well as increased serum levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin and C-peptide. TFST also improved the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to a certain degree. Furthermore, TFST increased the protein expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue, and increased the protein expressions of IRS-1 in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues. These benefits were associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TFST exert beneficial effects on hyperglycosemia and hyperlipoidemia in diabetic rats possibly through regulating the levers of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue and IRS-1 in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues.
authors: Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-Ke
authors: XK
authors: Zheng
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei-Wei
authors: WW
authors: Wang
authors: Yong-Yong
authors: YY
authors: Wu
authors: Qiu-Bo
authors: QB
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei-Sheng
authors: WS
authors: Feng
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032503:Selaginellaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005419:Flavonoids; D005934:Glucagon; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat