title: Effect of dietary fat and omega-3 fatty acids on urinary eicosanoids and sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled feeding trial.
abstract: Substantial evidence relates increased sex hormone concentrations with increased breast cancer risk. Varying omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) intake may lead to alterations in eicosanoid balance and changes in circulating sex hormones that reduce risk. To clarify effects of dietary fat and n-3 FA intake on breast cancer risk markers, circulating sex hormones and urinary eicosanoids were measured in response to controlled feeding of diets designed to increase plasma concentrations of n-3 FA. A controlled cross-over feeding trial in postmenopausal women was conducted using 3 diets: high fat (HF; 40% energy from fat), low fat (LF; 20% energy from fat), and low fat plus n-3 FA (LFn3; 20% of energy from fat plus 3% of energy from n-3 FA) in 8-wk feeding periods. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid n-3 increased with the LFn3 relative to HF and LF (P < 0.0001). Plasma estradiol increased by 51% with HF (P = 0.03). Urinary prostaglandin E metabolite increased with HF relative to LF (P = 0.02) and urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B(2) increased with HF (P = 0.01). These results do not support a role of n-3 FA in the reduction of sex hormone levels.
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
authors: Lindsay R
authors: LR
authors: Young
authors: Mindy S
authors: MS
authors: Kurzer
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Thomas
authors: J Bruce
authors: JB
authors: Redmon
authors: Susan K
authors: SK
authors: Raatz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001835:Body Weight; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000652:urine*; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015777:Eicosanoids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D010743:Phospholipids