title: [Neuroimaging of psychiatric and pedopsychiatric disorders].
abstract: Over the last two decades, imaging techniques have allowed to establish the cerebral neurophysiologic correlates of psychiatric disorders and have highlighted the impact of psychopathologic events, therapeutic drugs, addictions, on the growth and plasticity of brain. In this review, we intend to illustrate how neuroimaging has improved our knowledge of such alterations in brain maturation (schizophrenia, autistic disorders), fronto-limbic (depressive syndromes) or fronto-striatal (compulsive disorders) regions in psychiatric illnesses, but also in psychopharmacology, or pedopsychiatry. Statistically significant alterations in the structure and/or function of brain are detected in all psychiatric disorders and these are often detectable already during childhood or teenage. Furthermore, neuroimaging has allowed to underline the importance of cerebral networks specific to each disorder, but also to uncover those which are common to different diseases provided that they share common clinical or cognitive features. Besides their value in basic research, neuroimaging findings have been key in changing the perception that society has of these diseases which contributed to their therapeutic approach.
authors: Unité 1000 Inserm, CEA, université Paris Sud, université Paris Descartes; Maison de Solenn, Maison des adolescents, Hôpital Cochin, 97, boulevard de Port Royal, 75014 Paris, France. jean-luc.martinot@cea.fr
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Martinot
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Mana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004298:Dopamine