title: Differences in presentation of symptoms between women and men with intermittent claudication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More women than men have PAD with exception for the stage intermittent claudication (IC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in disease characteristics between men and women when using current diagnostic criteria for making the diagnosis IC, defined as ABI < 0.9 and walking problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study
  
  
  METHODS
  5040 elderly (median age 71) subjects participated in a point-prevalence study 2004. They had their ABI measured and filled out questionnaires covering medical history, current medication, PAD symptoms and walking ability. The prevalence of IC was 6.5% for women and 7.2% for men (P = 0.09). A subset of subjects with IC (N = 56) was followed up four years later with the same procedures. They also performed additional tests aiming to determine all factors influencing walking ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with IC had more concomitant cardiovascular disease and a more profound smoking history than women. Women, on the other hand, reported a lower walking speed (P < 0.01) and more joint problems (P = 0.018). In the follow up cohort ABI, walking ability and amount of atherosclerosis were similar among the sexes, but women more often reported atypical IC symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sex differences in the description of IC symptoms may influence diagnosis even if objective features of PAD are similar. This may influence accuracy of prevalence estimates and selection to treatment.
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. birgitta.sigvant@liv.se
authors: Birgitta
authors: B
authors: Sigvant
authors: Fredrik
authors: F
authors: Lundin
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Nilsson
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Bergqvist
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Wahlberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires