title: Markedly elevated soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 levels, and blood-brain barrier breakdown in neuromyelitis optica.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the degree of blood-brain barrier disruption in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and to clarify whether the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) in patients with NMO can be useful biomarkers for blood-brain barrier breakdown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive historical cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in 25 patients with NMO, 21 patients with multiple sclerosis, and 20 patients with other noninflammatory neurologic disorders in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured using a multiplexed fluorescent magnetic bead-based immunoassay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of the soluble adhesion molecules in serum and CSF and their associations with blood-brain barrier disruption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CSF levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 increased in patients with NMO compared with patients with multiple sclerosis and other noninflammatory neurologic disorders (P < .001), and serum levels of sICAM-1 increased in patients with NMO compared with healthy control individuals (P = .003). The CSF sICAM-1 levels from patients with NMO were correlated with the albumin quotient (P = .02) and the presence of lesions detected via gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs in patients with NMO. Measuring adhesion molecules is useful to evaluate this barrier disruption.
authors: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. a-uzimp1204@graduate.chiba-u.jp
authors: Akiyuki
authors: A
authors: Uzawa
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Mori
authors: Saeko
authors: S
authors: Masuda
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Kuwabara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1