title: Apoptosis governs the elimination of Schistosoma japonicum from the non-permissive host Microtus fortis.
abstract: The reed vole, Microtus fortis, is the only known mammalian host in which schistosomes of Schistosoma japonicum are unable to mature and cause significant pathogenesis. However, little is known about how Schistosoma japonicum maturation (and, therefore, the development of schistosomiasis) is prevented in M. fortis. In the present study, the ultrastructure of 10 days post infection schistosomula from BALB/c mice and M. fortis were first compared using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopic investigations showed growth retardation and ultrastructural differences in the tegument and sub-tegumental tissues as well as in the parenchymal cells of schistosomula from M. fortis compared with those in BALB/c mice. Then, microarray analysis revealed significant differential expression between the schistosomula from the two rodents, with 3,293 down-regulated (by ≥ 2-fold) and 71 up-regulated (≥ 2 fold) genes in schistosomula from the former. The up-regulated genes included a proliferation-related gene encoding granulin (Grn) and tropomyosin. Genes that were down-regulated in schistosomula from M. fortis included apoptosis-inhibited genes encoding a baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein (SjIAP) and cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor (SjCIAP), genes encoding molecules involved in insulin metabolism, long-chain fatty acid metabolism, signal transduction, the transforming growth factor (TGF) pathway, the Wnt pathway and in development. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and PI/Annexin V-FITC assays, caspase 3/7 activity analysis, and flow cytometry revealed that the percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic and/or necrotic cells, as well as the level of caspase activity, in schistosomula from M. fortis were all significantly higher than in those from BALB/c mice.
authors: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.
authors: Jinbiao
authors: J
authors: Peng
authors: Geoffrey N
authors: GN
authors: Gobert
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Hong
authors: Weibin
authors: W
authors: Jiang
authors: Hongxiao
authors: H
authors: Han
authors: Donald P
authors: DP
authors: McManus
authors: Xinzhi
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Jinming
authors: J
authors: Liu
authors: Zhiqiang
authors: Z
authors: Fu
authors: Yaojun
authors: Y
authors: Shi
authors: Jiaojiao
authors: J
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000469:parasitology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009336:Necrosis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D011419:Propidium; D020169:Caspases; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate