title: In vitro effect of lead, silver, tin, mercury, indium and bismuth on human sperm creatine kinase activity: a presumable mechanism for men infertility.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of mercury (Hg+2), lead (Pb+2), silver (Ag+2), tin (Sn+2), bismuth (Bi+3) and indium (In+3) ions on sperm creatine kinase.
  
  
  
  creatine kinase was isolated from human sperm homogenates after chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column.
  
  
  
  At 60 mug ml-1 metal concentration, 70% of the creatine kinase activity was inhibited by Hg+2, while at the same concentration, Pb+2, Ag+2, Sn+2, Bi+3 and In+3 caused 68%, 66.5%, 65.7%, 64.7% and 62.7% inhibition, respectively. All six metal ions displayed a competitive type of inhibition mechanism for the isolated creatine kinase as analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plot. Ki values of Hg+2, Pb+2, Ag+2, Sn+2, Bi+3 and In+3 were calculated and 8.34 mM, 5 mM, 4.54 mM, 3.45 mM, 3.12 mM and 2.63 mM values were obtained, respectively.
  
  
  
  All the studied metal ions, at levels of 60 mug ml-1, may reduce normal sperm metabolism by inhibition of sperm creatine kinase, which probably is an important cause of infertility in men. However, further investigations, as in vitro and in vivo, are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of heavy metals on male reproductive functioning at the molecular level.
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Physiology Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. ghaffarima@yahoo.com
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Ghaffari
authors: Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Physiology Research Center, Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. ghaffarima@yahoo.com
authors: Behrooz
authors: B
authors: Motlagh
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000633:toxicity; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007204:Indium / Q000633:toxicity; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000201:enzymology*; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000633:toxicity; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014001:Tin / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D007204:Indium; D007854:Lead; D012834:Silver; D014001:Tin; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D008628:Mercury; D001729:Bismuth