title: Correlation of midtrimester amniotic fluid cytokine concentrations with adverse pregnancy outcome in terms of spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, and preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess midtrimester amniotic fluid concentrations of three major proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in asymptomatic pregnancies with adverse outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective follow up study at the Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany of women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at second trimester and amniocentesis. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay following amniotic fluid assessment by midtrimester amniocentesis performed from gestation days 15 weeks 0 days up to 20 weeks 6 days. Values from normal pregnancies were compared to those from pregnancies having adverse outcomes of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, or eclampsia. Main outcome measure IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in relation to adverse pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 298 consecutive patients were evaluated. Median patient age was 35 years (range 19-43). Controls consisted of 273 women who delivered without further complications after 37 weeks gestation. The range values of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the control group were 4.9-2620 pg/mL, 36.2-5843 pg/mL, and 8.0-28.2 pg/mL, respectively. Patients with adverse pregnancy outcome (n = 25) were classified into three groups: spontaneous abortion group (n = 4), preterm delivery group (n = 17), and preeclampsia/eclampsia group (n = 4). There were no significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α between controls and study groups, regardless of the type of complication (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midtrimester amniotic fluid concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α are not predictive of adverse pregnancy outcome in terms of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery or preeclampsia/eclampsia in our study population.
authors: Department of Obstetrics, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. christian.bamberg@charite.de
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Bamberg
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Fotopoulou
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Thiem
authors: Charles C
authors: CC
authors: Roehr
authors: Joachim W
authors: JW
authors: Dudenhausen
authors: Karim D
authors: KD
authors: Kalache
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000378:metabolism; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines