title: The use of visible light spectroscopy to measure tissue oxygenation in free flap reconstruction.
abstract: The loss of a free flap is a feared complication for both the surgeon and the patient. Early recognition of vascular compromise has been shown to provide the best chance for flap salvage. The ideal monitoring technique for perioperative free flap ischemia would be noninvasive, continuous, and reliable. Visible light spectroscopy (VLS) was evaluated as a new method for predicting ischemia in microvascular cutaneous soft tissue free flaps. In an Institutional Review Board-approved prospective trial, 12 patients were monitored after free flap reconstructions. The tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO (2)) and total hemoglobin concentration (THB) of 12 flaps were continuously monitored using VLS for 72 hours postoperatively. Out of these 12 flaps 11 were transplanted successfully and 1 flap loss occurred. The StO (2 )was 48.99% and the THB was 46.74% for the 12 flaps. There was no significant difference in these values among the flaps. For the single flap loss, the device accurately reflected the ischemic drop in StO (2) indicating drastic tissue ischemia at 6 hours postoperatively before the disappearance of implantable Doppler signals or clinical signs of flap compromise. VLS, a continuous, noninvasive, and localized method to monitor oxygenation, appeared to predict early ischemic complications after free flap reconstruction.
authors: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors: Agustin
authors: A
authors: Cornejo
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Megan
authors: M
authors: Steigelman
authors: Stacy
authors: S
authors: Stephenson
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Sahar
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Cohn
authors: Joel E
authors: JE
authors: Michalek
authors: Howard T
authors: HT
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen