title: Accuracy of a novel system for oxygen delivery to small children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxygen therapy for infants and small children in developing countries is often not available. Entrainment devices may provide an accurate and precise concentration of oxygen when used at the flow rates appropriate for infants and small children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A continuously adjustable entrainment device was tested to determine the concentrations and flows of oxygen delivered by using low inlet flow rates suitable for therapy for infants and small children and 3 distinct oxygen delivery systems that varied in their resistive load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of long and large bore, low resistance tubing (similar to a mask) resulted in the delivery of oxygen concentrations that tracked closely (accurate and precise) to values indicated by the entrainment device. The directly connected system with lower resistance (similar to a hood) produced a similar profile of concentrations and flow rates to the large bore tubing but with even greater accuracy. The use of a long and narrow tubing with higher resistance (similar to a cannula) did not deliver accurate oxygen concentrations. In fact, this high-resistance system failed to work as intended, and instead of entraining air, a large proportion (sometimes >50%) of the oxygen delivered to the entrainment device was ejected through its vents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entrainment devices can deliver accurate oxygen concentrations at low flow rates if used with low resistance delivery systems; however, entrainment devices are not suitable for use with high resistance delivery systems such as a standard nasal cannula.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Coghill
authors: Namasivayam
authors: N
authors: Ambalavanan
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Chatburn
authors: Patricia L
authors: PL
authors: Hibberd
authors: Linda L
authors: LL
authors: Wright
authors: Waldemar A
authors: WA
authors: Carlo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen