title: Drug quantification in turbid media by fluorescence imaging combined with light-absorption correction using white Monte Carlo simulations.
abstract: Accurate quantification of photosensitizers is in many cases a critical issue in photodynamic therapy. As a noninvasive and sensitive tool, fluorescence imaging has attracted particular interest for quantification in pre-clinical research. However, due to the absorption of excitation and emission light by turbid media, such as biological tissue, the detected fluorescence signal does not have a simple and unique dependence on the fluorophore concentration for different tissues, but depends in a complex way on other parameters as well. For this reason, little has been done on drug quantification in vivo by the fluorescence imaging technique. In this paper we present a novel approach to compensate for the light absorption in homogeneous turbid media both for the excitation and emission light, utilizing time-resolved fluorescence white Monte Carlo simulations combined with the Beer-Lambert law. This method shows that the corrected fluorescence intensity is almost proportional to the absolute fluorophore concentration. The results on controllable tissue phantoms and murine tissues are presented and show good correlations between the evaluated fluorescence intensities after the light-absorption correction and absolute fluorophore concentrations. These results suggest that the technique potentially provides the means to quantify the fluorophore concentration from fluorescence images.
authors: Lund University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden. haiyan.xie@fysik.lth.se
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Xie
authors: Haichun
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Pontus
authors: P
authors: Svenmarker
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Axelsson
authors: Can T
authors: CT
authors: Xu
authors: Susanna
authors: S
authors: Gräfe
authors: Jesper Holm
authors: JH
authors: Lundeman
authors: Haynes Pak Hay
authors: HP
authors: Cheng
authors: Sune
authors: S
authors: Svanberg
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Bendsoe
authors: Peter E
authors: PE
authors: Andersen
authors: Katarina
authors: K
authors: Svanberg
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Andersson-Engels
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D012235:Rhodamines; C026188:rhodamine 6G