title: Does an association exist between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and chronic kidney disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 271 consecutive patients were recruited into 3 study groups---PEX syndrome (n=86), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (n=91), and nonglaucoma controls (n=94)---and underwent serum creatinine testing to determine their glomerular filtration rates (eGFR). Repeat eGFR and testing for urine albumin:creatinine ratio were performed a minimum of 3 months later if the initial eGFR was less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m. CKD was diagnosed if both eGFR levels were less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m or both eGFR levels were less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m and the urine albumin:creatinine ratio was greater than 2.0. The main outcome measure was the rate of CKD for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CKD rate for the control group (11.7%, 11 of 94) was statistically higher than the PEX (3.5%, 3 of 86, P=0.050) and the POAG (3.3%, 3 of 91, P=0.049) groups. However, there was a significantly higher rate of diabetes mellitus, a known risk factor for CKD, in the control group than the PEX and POAG groups. After adjusting for the differences in the rate of diabetes mellitus and mean age (another risk factor for CKD) between groups, a multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of the study groups was a predictor of an increased rate of CKD. A post-hoc analysis performed with all patients with diabetes mellitus removed also showed no statistical difference between groups for CKD rates and mean eGFR levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with age-matched patients with POAG and nonglaucoma controls, PEX syndrome was not found to be associated with an increased prevalence of CKD.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. peter.zakrzewski75@gmail.com
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Zakrzewski
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Mackenzie
authors: Gina
authors: G
authors: Tsai
authors: Simon J
authors: SJ
authors: Warner
authors: Adeera
authors: A
authors: Levin
authors: Frederick S
authors: FS
authors: Mikelberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine