title: Parent calcium-rich-food practices/perceptions are associated with calcium intake among parents and their early adolescent children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to (i) segment parents of early adolescents into subgroups according to their Ca-rich-food (CRF) practices and perceptions regarding early adolescent CRF intake and (ii) determine whether Ca intake of parents and early adolescents differed by subgroup.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional convenience sample of 509 parents and their early adolescent children completed a questionnaire in 2006-2007 to assess parent CRF practices and perceptions and to estimate parent and child Ca intakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administered questionnaires were completed in community settings or homes across nine US states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents self-reporting as Asian, Hispanic or non-Hispanic White with a child aged 10-13 years were recruited through youth or parent events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three parent CRF practice/perception segments were identified, including 'Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers' (49 %), 'Water Regulars' (30 %) and 'Sweet-Drink-Permissive Parents' (23 %). Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers were somewhat older and more likely to be non-Hispanic White than other groups. Ca intakes from all food sources, milk/dairy foods and milk only, and milk intakes, were higher among early adolescent children of Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers compared with early adolescents of parents in other segments. Soda pop intakes were highest for early adolescents with parents in the Water Regulars group than other groups. Dedicated-Milk Providers/Drinkers scored higher on culture/tradition, health benefits and ease of use/convenience subscales and lower on a dairy/milk intolerance subscale and were more likely to report eating family dinners daily than parents in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parent education programmes should address CRF practices/perceptions tailored to parent group to improve Ca intake of early adolescent children.
authors: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. mreicks@umn.edu
authors: Marla
authors: M
authors: Reicks
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Degeneffe
authors: Koel
authors: K
authors: Ghosh
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Bruhn
authors: L Suzanne
authors: LS
authors: Goodell
authors: Carolyn
authors: C
authors: Gunther
authors: Garry
authors: G
authors: Auld
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Ballejos
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Boushey
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Cluskey
authors: Scottie
authors: S
authors: Misner
authors: Beth
authors: B
authors: Olson
authors: SiewSun
authors: S
authors: Wong
authors: Sahar
authors: S
authors: Zaghloul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002253:Carbonated Beverages; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary