title: Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis and Echinostoma caproni.
abstract: With the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis and Echinostoma caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected with S. haematobium and E. caproni following 2-dimensional Western blotting. Differential protein expression between the three species was observed with circa 5% of proteins from S. haematobium showing expression up-regulation compared to the other two species. There was 91% similarity between the proteomes of the two Schistosoma species and 81% and 78·6% similarity between S. haematobium and S. bovis versus E. caproni, respectively. Although there were some common cross-species antigens, species-species targets were revealed which, despite evolutionary homology, could be due to phenotypic plasticity arising from different host-parasite relationships. Nevertheless, this approach helps to identify novel intervention targets which could be used as broad-spectrum candidates for future use in human and veterinary vaccines.
authors: Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Higón
authors: Graeme
authors: G
authors: Cowan
authors: Norman
authors: N
authors: Nausch
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Cavanagh
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Oleaga
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Toledo
authors: J Russell
authors: JR
authors: Stothard
authors: Oreto
authors: O
authors: Antúnez
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Marcilla
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Burchmore
authors: Francisca
authors: F
authors: Mutapi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D001700:Biomphalaria; D002033:Bulinus; D002648:Child; D006224:Cricetinae; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004449:Echinostoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004451:Echinostomiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D010641:Phenotype; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D020543:Proteome