title: Plasma high-mobility group box 1 as an indicator of surgical stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) is a late-phase cytokine, which is released extracellularly in response to systemic inflammation caused by infection, shock, or trauma. We examined the plasma levels of HMGB-1 to clarify its role in surgical stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects of this study were 37 patients who underwent elective general surgery. We measured plasma concentrations of HMGB-1 over time using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We then analyzed the relationships between the change in HMGB-1 concentration and perioperative factors, including postoperative complications. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HMGB-1 level was higher on postoperative day 3 in patients with a prolonged operative time or large intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.048 and P = 0.041, respectively). The HMGB-1 level also remained high over time in patients with postoperative complications (P = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that the plasma HMGB-1 level is related to surgical stress such as operative time and blood loss. The level remained high over time in patients with postoperative complication, suggesting progression of the complication.
authors: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Osoegawa
authors: Tokujiro
authors: T
authors: Yano
authors: Takeharu
authors: T
authors: Yamanaka
authors: Tetsuzo
authors: T
authors: Tagawa
authors: Fumihiro
authors: F
authors: Shoji
authors: Ichiro
authors: I
authors: Yoshino
authors: Akinobu
authors: A
authors: Taketomi
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Ito
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Kakeji
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Maehara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059035:Perioperative Period; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein