title: Representation of multiplication facts--evidence for partial verbal coding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current view in numerical cognition research is that multiplication facts are stored and retrieved in a phonological code. Consistent with this view, it was found that multiplication could be impaired by a phonological but not by a visuo-spatial loading task. However, because the authors used an active production task, it remained unclear whether concurrent articulation impaired either access to multiplication facts or their retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, we investigated the influence of concurrent articulation on multiplication fact knowledge without active production of multiplication results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a number bisection task, number triplets, which are part of a multiplication table, were classified faster as being correctly bisected than other triplets. Interestingly, concurrent articulation led to a relative slowing of the multiplicative triplets which reduced the multiplicativity effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result indicates that concurrent articulation modulates access to phonologically stored multiplication facts and corroborates the notion of multiplication facts being represented in an at least partially verbal code.
authors: Knowledge Media Research Center, WM-KMRC, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors: Korbinian
authors: K
authors: Moeller
authors: Elise
authors: E
authors: Klein
authors: Martin H
authors: MH
authors: Fischer
authors: Hans-Christoph
authors: HC
authors: Nuerk
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Willmes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics / Q000379:methods; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult