title: Common polymorphisms in human lysyl oxidase genes are not associated with the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis phenotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects approximately 3% of adolescents, the genetic contributions have proven difficult to identify. Work in model organisms, including zebrafish, chickens, and mice, has implicated the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes in the development of scoliosis. We hypothesized that common polymorphisms in the five human lysyl oxidase genes (LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4) may be associated with the phenotype of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control genetic association study. A total of 112 coding and tag SNPs in LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 were genotyped in a discovery cohort of 138 cases and 411 controls. Genotypes were tested for association with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by logistic regression with a two degree of freedom genotypic model and gender as a covariate. Fourteen SNPs with p < 0.1 in the discovery phase were genotyped in an independent replication cohort of 400 cases and 506 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence for significant association was found between coding or tag SNPs in LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 and the phenotype of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite suggestive evidence in model organisms, common variants and known coding SNPs in the five human lysyl oxidase genes do not confer increased genotypic risk for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The above methodology does not address rare variants or individually private mutations in these genes, and future research may focus on this area.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. tracy.mcgregor@vanderbilt.edu
authors: Tracy L
authors: TL
authors: McGregor
authors: Christina A
authors: CA
authors: Gurnett
authors: Matthew B
authors: MB
authors: Dobbs
authors: Carol A
authors: CA
authors: Wise
authors: Jose A
authors: JA
authors: Morcuende
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Morgan
authors: Ramkumar
authors: R
authors: Menon
authors: Louis J
authors: LJ
authors: Muglia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000235:genetics*; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C445313:LOXL1 protein, human; C119091:LOXL2 protein, human; C435668:LOXL3 protein, human; C445682:LOXL4 protein, human; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase