title: Chronic dietary supplementation of proanthocyanidins corrects the mitochondrial dysfunction of brown adipose tissue caused by diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats.
abstract: The present study aims to determine the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondrial function in a state of obesity induced by diet. Wistar male rats were fed with a cafeteria diet (Cd) for 4 months; during the last 21 d, two groups were treated with doses of 25 and 50 mg GSPE/kg body weight. In the BAT, enzymatic activities of citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and ATPase were determined and gene expression was analysed by real-time PCR. The mitochondrial function of BAT was determined in fresh mitochondria by high-resolution respirometry using both pyruvate and carnitine-palmitoyl-CoA as substrates. The results show that the Cd causes an important decrease in the gene expression of sirtuin 1, nuclear respiratory factor 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 3γ and COX5α and, what is more telling, decreases the levels of mitochondrial respiration both with pyruvate and canitine-palmitoyl-CoA. Most of these parameters, which are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction due to diet-induced obesity, are improved by chronic supplementation of GSPE. The beneficial effects caused by the administration of GSPE are exhibited as a protection against weight gain, in spite of the Cd the rats were fed. These data indicate that chronic consumption of a moderate dose of GSPE can correct an energy imbalance in a situation of diet-induced obesity, thereby improving the mitochondrial function and thermogenic capacity of the BAT.
authors: Nutrigenomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel lí Domingo, s/n. Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Pajuelo
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Quesada
authors: Sabina
authors: S
authors: Díaz
authors: Anabel
authors: A
authors: Fernández-Iglesias
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Arola-Arnal
authors: Cinta
authors: C
authors: Bladé
authors: Josepa
authors: J
authors: Salvadó
authors: Lluís
authors: L
authors: Arola
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D022722:Thermogenesis
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D021122:Protein Subunits