title: Analysis of the peri-implant microbiota in 90 dental implants and its  relationship to crevicular fluid volume.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the presence within the peri-implant sulcus of Tannerela forsythia (Tf), Porphyromonas gingivales (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and relate these bacteria to the peri-implant crevicular fluid volume (PICFV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective and cross-sectional clinical case series study was made. For the measurement of crevicular fluid, use was made of the Periotron® 8000 (Proflow Incorporated. New York, USA), measuring the volume in Periotron units (PU). For the detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria we used the IAI-PadoTest 4.5 (IAI Inc., IAI Institute, Zuchwil, Switzerland) - a system for the detection of Tf, Pg, Td and Aa based on the use of RNA arrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 34 patients (19 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 56.4 years. Of these subjects, 30.8% were smokers and 69.2% non-smokers. Out of a total series of 213 implants, we analyzed the crevicular fluid and microbiota in 90 implants. A total of 16.5% of the implants presented mucositis, while 83.5% were in healthy peri-implant conditions. The microbiological study revealed the presence of Tf in 17.1% of the implants, Pg in 9.3%, Td in 13.6%, in Aa in none of the implants. The mean Periotron reading was 93.4 PU (range 12-198 PU). A statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship was observed between PICFV and the total percentage bacteria (Tf, Pg and Td) - with a strong association between the Td levels and smoking (p<0.01). In the implants with mucositis, the concentration of Pg and Td was greater.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the implants studied, the subgingival peri-implant microbiota was characterized by low levels of Pg, Tf, Td, and none of the patients proved positive for Aa. These bacteria showed a positive correlation to crevicular fluid volume, and a statistically significant relationship was observed between Td and smoking.
authors: Cirugía Bucal, Clínicas Odontológicas, Gascó Oliag 1, 46021 - Valencia, Spain, Maria.Penarrocha@uv.es.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ata-Ali
authors: A-J
authors: AJ
authors: Flichy-Fernández
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Alegre-Domingo
authors: M-E
authors: ME
authors: Candel-Marti
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Peñarrocha
authors: J-F
authors: JF
authors: Balaguer-Martinez
authors: M-A
authors: MA
authors: Peñarrocha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants