title: Nitrate, sulphate and chloride contents in public drinking water supplies in Sicily, Italy.
abstract: Water samples collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily were analysed for electric conductivity and for their chloride, sulphate and nitrate contents. The samples were collected as uniformly as possible from throughout the Sicilian territory, with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7,600 inhabitants. Chloride contents that ranged from 5.53 to 1,302 mg/l were correlated strongly with electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity. The highest values are attributable to seawater contamination along the coasts of the island. High chloride and sulphate values attributable to evaporitic rock dissolution were found in the central part of Sicily. The nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 296 mg/l, with 31 samples (4.7% of the total) exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 50 mg/l. Anomalous samples always came from areas of intensive agricultural usage, indicating a clear anthropogenic origin. The same parameters were also measured in bottled water sold in Sicily, and they all were within the ranges for public drinking water supplies. The calculated mean nitrate intake from consuming public water supplies (16.1 mg/l) did not differ significantly from that of bottled water (15.2 mg/l). Although the quality of public water supplies needs to be improved by eliminating those that do not comply with the current drinking water limits, at present it does not justify the high consumption of bottled water (at least for nitrate contents).
authors: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy. w.dalessandro@pa.ingv.it
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: D'Alessandro
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Bellomo
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Parello
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Bonfanti
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Brusca
authors: Manfredi
authors: M
authors: Longo
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Maugeri
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D012802:Sicily; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D060766:Drinking Water; D009566:Nitrates; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical