title: Sirtuin 1 retards hyperphosphatemia-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arterial calcification is associated with cardiovascular disease as a complication of advanced atherosclerosis. Aged vascular cells manifest some morphological features of a senescent phenotype. Recent studies have demonstrated that mammalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone deacetylase, is an exciting target for cardiovascular disease management. Here, we investigated the role of SIRT1 in a calcification model of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adenine-induced renal failure rats with hyperphosphatemia, massive calcification was induced in the aortic media. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SAβ-gal) activity, a marker of cellular senescence, in medial SMCs was significantly increased, and its induction was positively associated with the degree of calcification. In cultured SMCs, inorganic phosphate (Pi) stimulation dose-dependently increased SAβ-gal-positive cells, and Pi-induced senescence was associated with downregulation of SIRT1 expression, leading to p21 activation. The activation via SIRT1 downregulation was blunted by inhibition of Pi cotransporter. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol significantly reduced the senescence-associated calcification. Conversely, SIRT1 knockdown by small interfering RNA accelerated the Pi-induced SMC senescence and subsequent calcification. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown induced phenotypic change from a differentiated state to osteoblast-like cells. The senescence-related SMC calcification was completely prevented by p21 knockdown. In addition to Pi-induced premature senescence, SMCs with replicative senescence were also more sensitive to Pi-induced calcification compared with young SMCs, and this finding was attributable to augmented p21 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIRT1 plays an essential role in preventing hyperphosphatemia-induced arterial calcification via inhibition of osteoblastic transdifferentiation. In addition, Pi-induced SMC calcification may be associated with both premature and replicative cellular senescence.
authors: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Aya
authors: A
authors: Takemura
authors: Katsuya
authors: K
authors: Iijima
authors: Hidetaka
authors: H
authors: Ota
authors: Bo-Kyung
authors: BK
authors: Son
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Ito
authors: Sumito
authors: S
authors: Ogawa
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Eto
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Akishita
authors: Yasuyoshi
authors: Y
authors: Ouchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D054559:Hyperphosphatemia / Q000150:complications*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1