title: [Generation of T regulatory cells in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of intensive research the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is not thoroughly understood. One of the ideas which currently has a great number of supporters is the theory of the participation of T regulatory cells in the mechanism of insufficient suppression of the immune response against pancreatic self -antigens. According to some authors, the infusion of T regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases could lead to long -term remission or even a complete cure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our present study was to achieve T regulatory cells from conventional T lymphocytes isolated from a small amount of peripheral blood in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their comparison to the Tregs generated from the blood of control children. Additionally, we assessed the changes in the expression of selected genes essential for the function of these cells during Tregs generation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examined group consisted of 20 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the control group consisted of 20 non -diabetic children. From the peripheral blood CD4+CD25 - cells were separated and cultured with T -reg expander and interleukin (IL) 2. Before and after the culture the cells were analysed according to the expression of transcription factor FoxP3 and other molecules/cytokines: OX40, 4 -1BB, GITR, ICOS -1, CTLA -4 and IFN -γ, IL -10 and TGF -β.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significantly higher percentage of T regulatory cells after the culture (with no difference between diabetic and control children). Moreover, we observed a lower expression of mRNA for GITR molecule and a higher IL -10 expression in the cultures of diabetic children compared to the control ones. The cells cultured from the blood of control children were characterised by a higher increase in the expression of mRNA for ICOS -1 and a lower expression of mRNA for TGF -β in comparison to the cultures from diabetic children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our investigations confirm the possibility of generating T regulatory cells from conventional T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of children with newly recognised type 1 diabetes mellitus.
authors: klinica pediatrii, Endokrynologii,Diabetologii z pododdzialem Kardiologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Bialymstoku. w.luczynski@wp.pl
authors: Włodzimierz
authors: W
authors: Luczyński
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Szypowska
authors: Elżbieta
authors: E
authors: Iłendo
authors: Artur
authors: A
authors: Bossowski
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Krętowski
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Głowińska-Olszewska
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Hryszko
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Górska
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Stasiak-Barmuta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; C498514:ICOSLG protein, human; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C491405:TNFRSF18 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10