title: Differences in lateral gene transfer in hypersaline versus thermal environments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of lateral gene transfer (LGT) in the evolution of microorganisms is only beginning to be understood. While most LGT events occur between closely related individuals, inter-phylum and inter-domain LGT events are not uncommon. These distant transfer events offer potentially greater fitness advantages and it is for this reason that these "long distance" LGT events may have significantly impacted the evolution of microbes. One mechanism driving distant LGT events is microbial transformation. Theoretically, transformative events can occur between any two species provided that the DNA of one enters the habitat of the other. Two categories of microorganisms that are well-known for LGT are the thermophiles and halophiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified potential inter-class LGT events into both a thermophilic class of Archaea (Thermoprotei) and a halophilic class of Archaea (Halobacteria). We then categorized these LGT genes as originating in thermophiles and halophiles respectively. While more than 68% of transfer events into Thermoprotei taxa originated in other thermophiles, less than 11% of transfer events into Halobacteria taxa originated in other halophiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that there is a fundamental difference between LGT in thermophiles and halophiles. We theorize that the difference lies in the different natures of the environments. While DNA degrades rapidly in thermal environments due to temperature-driven denaturization, hypersaline environments are adept at preserving DNA. Furthermore, most hypersaline environments, as topographical minima, are natural collectors of cellular debris. Thus halophiles would in theory be exposed to a greater diversity and quantity of extracellular DNA than thermophiles.
authors: Penn State Astrobiology Research Center and Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. mer251@psu.edu
authors: Matthew E
authors: ME
authors: Rhodes
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Spear
authors: Aharon
authors: A
authors: Oren
authors: Christopher H
authors: CH
authors: House
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride