title: Novel protein-loaded chondroitin sulfate-chitosan nanoparticles: preparation and characterization.
abstract: In this study, the potential of chondroitin sulfate (ChS)-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) for the delivery of proteins was investigated. ChS-CS NPs were prepared by ionic cross-linking of CS solution with ChS. The aggregation line, particle size and zeta potential were investigated as a function of the pH, weight ratio and concentration. The water content and formation yield of the NPs were measured by gravimetry. Results indicated that ChS-CS NPs showed a higher degree of ionic cross-linking and formation yield than sodium tripolyphosphate-CS NPs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA), a model protein drug, was incorporated into the ChS-CS NPs. The encapsulation efficiency was obviously increased with the increase in initial FITC-BSA concentration and was as high as 90%. In vitro release studies of ChS-CS NPs showed a small burst effect following a continued and controlled release. Cytotoxicity tests with Caco-2 cells showed no toxic effects of ChS-CS NPs. The ex vivo cellular uptake studies using Caco-2 and HEK-293 cells indicated that NPs were found to be endocytosed into the cells. In conclusion, ChS-CS NPs are a potential new delivery system for the transport of hydrophilic compounds such as proteins.
authors: Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Sanhsia, Taipei 237, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Ming-kung
authors: MK
authors: Yeh
authors: Kuang-ming
authors: KM
authors: Cheng
authors: Chieh-shen
authors: CS
authors: Hu
authors: Yu-chuan
authors: YC
authors: Huang
authors: Jenn-jong
authors: JJ
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002417:Cattle; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008970:Molecular Weight; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D055672:Static Electricity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C480355:chitosan sulfate; C039217:fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin; D014867:Water; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D048271:Chitosan; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate