title: Mechanical ventilation during anaesthesia: challenges and opportunities for investigating the respiration-related cardiovascular oscillations.
abstract: The vast majority of the available literature regarding cardiovascular oscillations refers to spontaneously breathing subjects. Only a few studies investigated cardiovascular oscillations, and especially respiration-related ones (RCVO), during intermittent positive pressure mechanical ventilation (IPPV) under anaesthesia. Only a handful considered assisted IPPV, in which spontaneous breathing activity is supported, rather than replaced as in controlled IPPV. In this paper, we review the current understanding of RCVO physiology during IPPV, from literature retrieved through PubMed website. In particular, we describe how during controlled IPPV under anaesthesia respiratory sinus arrhythmia appears to be generated by non-neural mechano-electric feedback in the heart (indirectly influenced by tonic sympathetic regulation of vascular tone and heart contractility) and not by phasic vagal modulation of central origin and/or baroreflex mechanisms. Furthermore, assisted IPPV differs from controlled IPPV in terms of RCVO, reintroducing significant central respiratory vagal modulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. This evidence indicates against applying to IPPV interpretative paradigms of RCVO derived from spontaneously breathing subjects, and against considering together IPPV and spontaneously breathing subjects for RCVO-based risk assessment. Finally, we highlight the opportunities that IPPV offers for future investigations of RCVO genesis and interactions, and we indicate several possibilities for clinical applications of RCVO during IPPV.
authors: Pulmonary Engineering Group, Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Therapy, University Clinic Dresden, Germany.
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Beda
authors: Nadja C
authors: NC
authors: Carvalho
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Güldner
authors: Thea
authors: T
authors: Koch
authors: Marcelo Gama
authors: MG
authors: de Abreu
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D001146:Arrhythmia, Sinus / Q000503:physiopathology; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents