title: Families Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae: are they distinct?
abstract: Superfamily Opisthorchioidea Looss, 1899 consists of three well-known families, Opisthorchiidae, Heterophyidae, and Cryptogonimidae, with basic similarities in morphology and life-cycles. Many species in the first two of these families are human pathogens, such as Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, Haplorchis spp. and Metagonimus spp. Recently, a molecular phylogenetic study on the classification of Digenea revealed a paraphyletic relationship between Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae. For our study, we gathered and analyzed all available data in GenBank, together with new data of nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences of the families within the Opisthorchioidea. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses suggested that families Opisthorchiidae and Heterophyidae are inseparable from each other, with the former nested within the latter. Groupings in molecular trees are generally consistent with morphological features used in taxonomy.
authors: Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. tmurusa@mahidol.ac.th
authors: Urusa
authors: U
authors: Thaenkham
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Blair
authors: Yukifumi
authors: Y
authors: Nawa
authors: Jitra
authors: J
authors: Waikagul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D006578:Heterophyidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009890:Opisthorchidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014200:Trematoda / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S