title: Pulmonary tuberculosis and risk factors in Portugal: a spatial analysis.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a multidimensional disease, and interactions between individuals and groups are of extreme importance in its development. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of pulmonary TB (PTB) to identify potential risk factors and to define high-risk areas  in Portugal (2004-2006). The relevance of the common risk factors identified was evaluated at the national and local levels. Considering local public health at the municipality level, the main objective of this study was the support of local interventions, identifying local high-risk  areas and the corresponding local risk factors. A complex statistical methodology based on correlation analysis, spatial clustering, risk maps and multivariate regression models was developed. The results showed that some areas were at higher risk of PTB than others due to high incidence of  HIV/AIDS, incarceration, nonstandard (abnormal) and/or crowded accommodation, unemployment and immigrant populations. The majority of these areas showed increased TB incidence rates.
authors: Office of the High Commissioner for Health, Ministry of Health, Lisbon, Portugal. luisacouceiro@acs.min-saude.pt
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Couceiro
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Santana
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Nunes
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003441:Crowding; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011330:Prisons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission