title: Effects of early exercise on the development of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer treated with axillary lymph node dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite advances in the treatment of breast cancer, there is little research examining the prevention of lymphedema after breast and/or axillary surgery. Currently, there are no national guidelines for activity restrictions; however, many medical providers recommend restricting activity of the surgically affected arm, which can create quality-of-life issues as well as future medical issues for patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review of several current research articles was performed. This report reviews four studies evaluating the effects of restricted activity versus progressive exercise and stretching activities on development of lymphedema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that there is no difference in the risk of developing lymphedema when following activity guidelines. All four of the studies reviewed report results of either a decrease in the development of lymphedema or no increased risk of development of lymphedema when early exercise regimens are incorporated into postoperative care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The four research articles show promising results that support future change in practice guidelines. However, none of the studies report follow-up results beyond 2 years. Additionl evaluation to monitor long-term effects is warranted.
authors: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
authors: Kristen M
authors: KM
authors: Cavanaugh