title: Functional characterization of a chronic cyclophosphamide-induced overactive bladder model in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a new mouse model of overactive bladder (OAB) at the histological level, pain, voiding behavior, and urodynamics, while assessing the physiological state of mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper compares the pathophysiological features of mice that received intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide (CYP) (40 and 80  mg/kg - body weight) every 2 days for 7 days. Specifically, the heart rate, the body temperature, and the general activity were assessed by telemetry. The abdominal sensitivity was determined with Von Frey filaments. Voiding behavior and detrusor activity were respectively quantified by urine spotting experiments and cystometry. Hematoxylin & Eosin staining was performed to detect inflammation in tissue and NGF concentration in urine was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Affected mice exhibit clearly an OAB characterized by an increase in the number of voiding events and an urodynamically-demonstrated detrusor overactivity associated with referred hyperalgesia. The injected mice displayed inflamed bladder, urothelial hyperplasia, and increased NGF concentration in urine in dose dependant manner. However, the physiological features of mice with CYP-induced cystitis are not changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can show that this model of chronic OAB with pain in mice fits more closely to the clinical signs of patients with OAB than the available animal models (acute and chronic) and will therefore be useful to highlight potential drug targets in genetically modified mice in the future.
authors: Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. mathieu.boudes@med.kuleuven.be
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Boudes
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: Uvin
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Kerselaers
authors: Rudi
authors: R
authors: Vennekens
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Voets
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: De Ridder
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001835:Body Weight; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006339:Heart Rate; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000652:urine; D011312:Pressure; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor