title: Host genetic polymorphisms associated with innate immune factors and HIV-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our understanding of the early events in HIV-1 infection continues to grow, along with the heightened recognition of the important contribution that innate immunity plays in response to HIV-1. Here, we review the epidemiological and functional studies of genetic polymorphisms associated with innate immune factors that are believed to modulate host responses, focusing specifically on recent findings related to Toll-like receptor, cytokine, host restriction and KIR genes and their activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A growing number of genomic studies have described polymorphisms in innate immune genes that are associated with early postseroconversion events, including TLR4, TLR9, IRF-3, TRIM5α and the ABOBEC3 gene family. Genetic and functional data confirm the importance of KIR-HLA interactions and provide new understanding of the role of innate restriction factors in resistance to HIV-1 and disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-gene, genome-wide association and expression studies have permitted the identification of innate immune genes and their variants that contribute to protection from disease progression. Characterization of the pathogen-innate immune system interactions and discovery of new and rare host genetic variants that account for a portion of the observed variance in the HIV-1 phenotype is critical to gain new insights into promising treatment and prevention strategies.
authors: Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
authors: Magdalena E
authors: ME
authors: Sobieszczyk
authors: Jairam R
authors: JR
authors: Lingappa
authors: M Juliana
authors: MJ
authors: McElrath
mesh_terms: D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C477346:TRIM5 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; C502889:APOBEC3 proteins, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase