title: The failure of immunosuppression withdrawal: patient benefit is not detectable, inducible, or reproducible.
abstract: (1) Immunosuppression is responsible for excellent patient outcomes. (2) Immunosuppression withdrawal fails in most patients. (3) Patients who may benefit from immunosuppression withdrawal cannot currently be identified. (4) No data suggest that immunosuppression withdrawal decreases patient morbidity (ie, nephrotoxicity). (5) The minimization of immunosuppression instead of withdrawal may be adequate for improving patient outcomes.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Paige
authors: P
authors: Porrett
authors: Abraham
authors: A
authors: Shaked
mesh_terms: D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D009017:Morbidity; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents