title: Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 protein, periostin and versican in primary and metastatic breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) affects Wnt signalling, collagen deposition and bone formation. It is an extracellular matrix protein which is also abnormally expressed in the tumour microenvironment. CTHRC1 has not been studied in breast cancer by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine expression of CTHRC1 together with periostin and versican in breast cancer patients and investigate its association with clinicopathological characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 173 invasive carcinomas (classified into WHO histotypes and luminal, triple negative and Her2 subtypes), as well as normal tissues, precursor lesions and metastatic lymph nodes were stained by relevant antibodies, assessed semiquantitatively by histoscore and statistically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of CTHRC1, versican and periostin was significantly higher in breast cancer than in normal tissue or precursor lesions. CTHRC1 stromal expression was enhanced in triple negative cases and also in patients with bone metastasis. Periostin expression was high in primary tumours, in particular triple negative ones, and also in their lymph node metastases. Cox regression analysis showed that in patients with high periostin, the risk of bone metastases increased with increased CTHRC1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTHRC1 and periostin play important roles in breast cancer progression. These preliminary results show that combined evaluation of CTHRC1 and periostin could serve as a potential marker for breast cancer bone metastasis; the other observations contribute to the description of the tumour microenvironment, with implications for lymph node and bone metastasis.
authors: Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors: Gvantsa
authors: G
authors: Kharaishvili
authors: Magdalena
authors: M
authors: Cizkova
authors: Katerina
authors: K
authors: Bouchalova
authors: Giorgi
authors: G
authors: Mgebrishvili
authors: Zdenek
authors: Z
authors: Kolar
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Bouchal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D053675:Versicans / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C502426:CTHRC1 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C512835:POSTN protein, human; D053675:Versicans