title: A new resorbable device for ligation of blood vessels - A pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During surgery, controlled haemostasis to prevent blood loss is vital for a successful outcome. It can be difficult to ligate vessels located deep in the abdomen. A device that is easy to use and enables secure ligatures could be beneficial. Cable ties made of nylon have been used for ligation but the non-resorbable material caused tissue reactions. The objective of this study was to use a resorbable material to construct a device with a self-locking mechanism and to test its mechanical strength and ligation efficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  The device was manufactured by injection moulding of polydioxanone, a resorbable polymer used for suture materials. Polydioxanone with inherent viscosities of 1.9 dL/g and 1.3 dL/g were tested. The device consisted of a perforated flexible band which could be pulled through a case with a locking mechanism. After a first version of the device had been tested, some improvements were made. The locking case was downsized, corners were rounded off, the band was made thicker and the mould was redesigned to produce longer devices. Tensile tests were performed with the second version.The first version of the device was used to ligate the ovarian pedicle in a euthanized dog and to test echogenicity of the device with ultrasound. Compression of vessels of the ovarian pedicle was examined by histology. Both versions of the device were tested for haemostasis of and tissue grip on renal arteries in six anaesthetised pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tensile strength of the flexible band of the devices with inherent viscosity of 1.9 dL/g was 50.1 ± 5.5 N (range 35.2-62.9 N, n = 11) and the devices with inherent viscosity of 1.3 dL/g had a tensile strength of 39.8 ± 8.1 N (range 18.6-54.2 N, n = 11). Injection moulding of the polymer with lower inherent viscosity resulted in a longer flow distance.Both versions of the device had an effective tissue grip and complete haemostasis of renal arteries was verified. The device attached to the ovarian pedicle could be seen with ultrasound, and vessel compression and occlusion were verified by histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tests of functionality of the device showed complete haemostasis and good tissue grip. Devices with a band of sufficient length were easily applied and tightened in tissue.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Odd.Hoglund@slu.se
authors: Odd V
authors: OV
authors: Höglund
authors: Ragnvi
authors: R
authors: Hagman
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Olsson
authors: Jonas
authors: J
authors: Mindemark
authors: Niklas
authors: N
authors: Borg
authors: Anne-Sofie
authors: AS
authors: Lagerstedt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008026:Ligation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010053:Ovary / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016687:Polydioxanone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000601:surgery; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000601:surgery*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D016687:Polydioxanone