title: Cochlea and other spiral forms in nature and art.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The original appearance of the cochlea and the specific shape of a spiral are interesting for both the scientists and artists. Yet, a correlation between the cochlea and the spiral forms in nature and art has been very rarely mentioned.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between the cochlea and the other spiral objects in nature, as well as the artistic presentation of the spiral forms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We explored data related to many natural objects and examined 13,625 artworks created by 2049 artists. We also dissected 2 human cochleas and prepared histologic slices of a rat cochlea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cochlea is a spiral, cone-shaped osseous structure that resembles certain other spiral forms in nature. It was noticed that parts of some plants are arranged in a spiral manner, often according to Fibonacci numbers. Certain animals, their parts, or their products also represent various types of spirals. Many of them, including the cochlea, belong to the logarithmic type. Nature created spiral forms in the living world to pack a larger number of structures in a limited space and also to improve their function. Because the cochlea and other spiral forms have a certain aesthetic value, many artists presented them in their works of art.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a mathematical and geometric correlation between the cochlea and natural spiral objects, and the same functional reason for their formation. The artists' imagery added a new aspect to those domains. Obviously, the creativity of nature and Homo sapiens has no limits--like the infinite distal part of the spiral.
authors: Institute of Anatomy, University School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. mocamarinkovic@med.bg.ac.rs
authors: Slobodan
authors: S
authors: Marinković
authors: Predrag
authors: P
authors: Stanković
authors: Mile
authors: M
authors: Štrbac
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Tomić
authors: Mila
authors: M
authors: Ćetković
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001154:Art; D003051:Cochlea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D019368:Nature; D051381:Rats