title: Tamoxifen treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. In this study we investigated whether or not tamoxifen reduces intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced brain injury in rats. In all experiments, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received an injection of 100 μL autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia. In the first set of experiments, rats were treated with tamoxifen (2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle 2 and 24 h after ICH and were killed at day 3 for brain edema measurement. In the second set of experiments, rats were treated with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg) or vehicle and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and behavior tests were performed at days 1, 7, 14 and 28. Rats were killed at day 28 for brain histology. We found that tamoxifen at 5 but not at 2.5 mg/kg reduced perihematomal brain edema at day 3 (p<0.05). Brain histology showed that tamoxifen reduced caudate atrophy at day 28 (p<0.01). Tamoxifen also improved functional outcome (p<0.05). MRI demonstrated a tendency to smaller T2* lesions in tamoxifen-treated rats. However, two out of five rats treated with tamoxifen developed hydrocephalus. These results suggest that tamoxifen has neuroprotective effects in ICH, but the cause of hydrocephalus development following tamoxifen treatment needs to be examined further.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Xie
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Guan
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wu
authors: Guohua
authors: G
authors: Xi
authors: Richard F
authors: RF
authors: Keep
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Hua
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001284:Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013629:Tamoxifen