title: Isoflurane preconditioning affords functional neuroprotection in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to isoflurane gas prior to neurological injury, known as anesthetic preconditioning, has been shown to provide neuroprotective benefits in animal models of ischemic stroke. Given the common mediators of cellular injury in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, we hypothesize that isoflurane preconditioning will provide neurological protection in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  24 h prior to intracerebral hemorrhage, C57BL/6J mice were preconditioned with a 4-h exposure to 1% isoflurane gas or room air. Intracerebral hemorrhage was performed using a double infusion of 30-μL autologous whole blood. Neurological function was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h using the 28-point test. Mice were sacrificed at 72 h, and brain edema was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice preconditioned with isoflurane performed better than control mice on 28-point testing at 24 h, but not at 48 or 72 h. There was no significant difference in ipsilateral hemispheric edema between mice preconditioned with isoflurane and control mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the early functional neuroprotective effects of anesthetic preconditioning in ICH and suggest that methods of preconditioning that afford protection in ischemia may also provide protection in ICH.
authors: Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. pg2223@columbia.edu
authors: Paul R
authors: PR
authors: Gigante
authors: Geoffrey
authors: G
authors: Appelboom
authors: Brian Y
authors: BY
authors: Hwang
authors: Raqeeb M
authors: RM
authors: Haque
authors: Mason L
authors: ML
authors: Yeh
authors: Andrew F
authors: AF
authors: Ducruet
authors: Christopher P
authors: CP
authors: Kellner
authors: Justin
authors: J
authors: Gorski
authors: Sarah E
authors: SE
authors: Keesecker
authors: E Sander
authors: ES
authors: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D007839:Functional Laterality; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane