title: Changes in sunburn and tanning attitudes among lifeguards over a summer season.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. Lifeguards are at increased risk of excessive sun exposure and sunburn.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine changes in: (1) sunburn frequency over a summer while controlling for sun exposure, sun protection habits, and participation in a skin cancer prevention program; and (2) tanning attitudes while controlling for participation in the program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in this study were lifeguards (n = 3014) at swimming pools participating in the Pool Cool program in 2005. Lifeguards completed surveys at the beginning and end of the summer. Sequential regression analyses were used to assess changes in sunburn frequency and tanning attitudes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sunburn frequency decreased between baseline and follow-up. Having a sunburn over the summer was significantly predicted by baseline sunburn history, ethnicity, skin cancer risk, and sun exposure. The tanning attitude, "People are more attractive if they have a tan," was significantly predicted from baseline tanning attitude and ethnicity. The second tanning attitude, "It helps to have a good base suntan," was significantly predicted by baseline tanning attitude, ethnicity, basic/enhanced group, and moderate skin cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported data and limited generalizability to lifeguards at other outdoor pools are limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings showed that previous sunburn history is an important predictor of sunburn prospectively. In addition, a more risky tanning attitude is an important predictor of future attitudes toward tanning. Active involvement in targeted prevention programs may help to increase preventive behavior and health risk reduction.
authors: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.hiemstra@bsi.ru.nl
authors: Marieke
authors: M
authors: Hiemstra
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Glanz
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Nehl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018635:Rescue Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012621:Seasons; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D055108:Sunbathing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013471:Sunburn / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013551:Swimming Pools; D055815:Young Adult