title: The gold industry standard for risk and cost of drug and vaccine development revisited.
abstract: Gold dimensions of pharmaceutical drug development indicate that it takes on average 11.9 years, with an investment around US$ 0.8 Billion, to launch one product on the market. Furthermore, approximately 22% of the drug candidates successfully complete clinical testing. These universally acknowledged proportions largely originate from one single, much cited publication; Dimasi et al. [5]. However an additional six articles describing new chemical entities (NCE) development were identified, which contain little, if any, information on vaccines. Published cumulative success rates range from 7% to 78% and investments calculations span US$ 0.8 to 1.7 Billion. Obviously this disserves further clarification?
authors: Vacceleron, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.s.pronker@gmail.com
authors: E S
authors: ES
authors: Pronker
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Weenen
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Commandeur
authors: A D M E
authors: AD
authors: Osterhaus
authors: H J H M
authors: HJ
authors: Claassen
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007449:Investments / Q000191:economics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics*; D012306:Risk; D014612:Vaccines / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014612:Vaccines