title: CD28 and KIR2D receptors as sensors of the immune status in heart and liver transplantation.
abstract: Viral infections and cellular acute rejection (AR) condition immunosuppressive therapy and compromise the evolution of allografts. Immune monitoring can be useful for ascertaining rejection and for differentiating allo-reaction from activation induced by infections. This work analyzes the usefulness of monitoring the expression of CD28 and KIR2D receptors in peripheral blood T lymphocytes by flow cytometry, to ascertain the immune response in heart and liver transplant recipients. In both types of transplant, the up-regulation of CD28 in CD4(+) lymphocytes in the periods of greatest AR frequency indicates an effective allo-response, whereas the post-transplantation emergence of circulating CD8(+)CD28(-) and CD8(+)CD28(-)KIR2D(+) T cells correlates with better early clinical results. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, but not hepatitis C virus (HCV) or other infections, abrogated both CD28 up-regulation and CD8(+)CD28(-)KIR2D(+) T-cell expansion. Our results show that monitoring the expression of CD28 and KIR2D receptors on T lymphocytes might be considered as sensors of the immune status of heart and liver recipients.
authors: Immunology Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Blanco-García
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: López-Álvarez
authors: I P
authors: IP
authors: Garrido
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Salgado-Cecilia
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Campillo
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Bolarín
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Legaz
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Muro
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: García-Alonso
authors: M V
authors: MV
authors: Martínez-Sánchez
authors: J M de la Peña
authors: JM
authors: Moral
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Pascual-Figal
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Alvarez-López
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Miras
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Minguela
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054340:Receptors, KIR / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013030:Spain; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D054340:Receptors, KIR