title: Preliminary evaluation of insecticide resistance in a strain of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) from an intensive chicken farm of Northern Italy.
abstract: The house fly, Musca domestica L., a relevant sanitary pest, is mainly controlled by insecticides. However, an inappropriate use of chemicals may induce resistance, treatment efficacy decline and environmental damages. We evaluated toxicity of some organophosphates, pyrethroids, spinosad and neonicotinoids by topical applications on adults of a M. domestica strain (OcRo) collected from an intensive chicken farm in Northern Italy, in comparison to a susceptible strain (s-DBF). The OcRo strain exhibited higher levels of resistance (RR₅₀) to four pesticides in comparison to s-DBF. Spinosad and imidacloprid had very low RR₅₀, thus were still efficient in OcRo control. We also tested resistance to pesticides in OcRo after topical applications of synergistic compounds. Hydrolases were involved in phosphorganic detoxification and cytochrome P450 monoxygenases in that of pyrethroids. These results indicate that OcRo strain is now multiresistant to organophosphates and pyrethroids, and this should be considered for an environmentally safe pest management.
authors: Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Pezzi
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Lanfredi
authors: Milvia
authors: M
authors: Chicca
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Tedeschi
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Brandolini
authors: Marilena
authors: M
authors: Leis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006793:Houseflies / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007558:Italy; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010755:Organophosphates; D011722:Pyrethrins; C082359:imidacloprid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C415329:spinosad