title: Ionic liquids for extraction of metals and metal containing compounds from communal and industrial waste water.
abstract: In a fundamental study the potential of ionic liquids based on quaternary ammonium- and phosphonium cations and thiol-, thioether-, hydroxyl-, carboxylate- and thiocyanate-functionalized anions has been assessed for future application in advanced sewage treatment. The elimination of the metal(oid)s Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pt, Sn, Zn and the cancerostatic platinum compounds cisplatin and carboplatin was screened using a liquid phase micro-extraction set-up. The analytical tool-set consisted of ICP-SFMS and LC-ICP-MS for quantification of metal(oid)s and cancerostatic platinum compounds, respectively. The purity of the ILs was assessed for the investigated metal(oid)s on the base of present EU environmental quality standards and was found to be sufficient for the intended use. In model solutions at environmental relevant concentrations extraction efficiencies≥95% could be obtained for Ag, Cu, Hg and Pt with both phosphonium- and ammonium-based ILs bearing sulphur functionality in the form of thiosalicylate and 2-(methylthiobenzoate) anions, as well as with tricaprylmethylammonium thiocyanate within an extraction time of 120 min. All other metals were extracted to a lower extent (7-79%). In the case of cancerostatic platinum compounds a phosphonium-based IL bearing thiosalicylate functionality showed high extraction efficiency for monoaquacisplatin. For the first time, liquid phase micro extraction with ionic liquids was applied to industrial and communal waste water samples. The concentration of all investigated metal(oid)s could be significantly reduced. The degree of elimination varied with the initial concentration of metals, pH and the amount of suspended particulate matter.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Fischer
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Falta
authors: Gunda
authors: G
authors: Koellensperger
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Stojanovic
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Kogelnig
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Galanski
authors: Regina
authors: R
authors: Krachler
authors: Bernhard K
authors: BK
authors: Keppler
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Hann
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D007220:Industrial Waste; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical