title: Radiation exposure and risk-benefit analysis in cancer screening using FDG-PET: results of a Japanese nationwide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate radiation exposure and evaluate the risks and benefits of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in cancer screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide survey of FDG-PET cancer screening was conducted in 2006, and the results were analyzed with a common index, "extension/shortening of the average life expectancy."
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average estimated effective dose was 4.4 mSv (male 4.7 mSv; female 4.0 mSv) for dedicated PET and 13.5 mSv (male 14.2 mSv; female 12.8 mSv) for PET/computed tomography (CT). The risk-benefit break-even age from the viewpoint of radiation exposure was in the 40s for men and 30s for women for dedicated PET and in the 50s for men and 50s (variable injection dose) or 60s (constant injection dose) for women for PET/CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET cancer screening is beneficial for examinees above the break-even ages. The risks and benefits should be explained to examinees because of the larger radiation used in cancer FDG-PET screening compared with other X-ray tests.
authors: Division of Cancer Screening, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. tamurano@ncc.go.jp
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Murano
authors: Ryogo
authors: R
authors: Minamimoto
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Senda
authors: Kimiichi
authors: K
authors: Uno
authors: Seishi
authors: S
authors: Jinnouchi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Fukuda
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Iinuma
authors: Eriko
authors: E
authors: Tsukamoto
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Terauchi
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Yoshida
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Oku
authors: Sadahiko
authors: S
authors: Nishizawa
authors: Kengo
authors: K
authors: Ito
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Oguchi
authors: Masami
authors: M
authors: Kawamoto
authors: Rumi
authors: R
authors: Nakashima
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Iwata
authors: Tomio
authors: T
authors: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18