title: Cultured bacterial diversity and human impact on alpine glacier cryoconite.
abstract: The anthropogenic effect on the microbial communities in alpine glacier cryoconites was investigated by cultivation and physiological characterization of bacteria from six cryoconite samples taken at sites with different amounts of human impact. Two hundred and forty seven bacterial isolates were included in Actinobacteria (9%, particularly Arthrobacter), Bacteroidetes (14%, particularly Olleya), Firmicutes (0.8%), Alphaproteobacteria (2%), Betaproteobacteria (16%, particularly Janthinobacterium), and Gammaproteobacteria (59%, particularly Pseudomonas). Among them, isolates of Arthrobacter were detected only in samples from sites with no human impact, while isolates affiliated with Enterobacteriaceae were detected only in samples from sites with strong human impact. Bacterial isolates included in Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were frequently isolated from pristine sites and showed low maximum growth temperature and enzyme secretion. Bacterial isolates included in Gammaproteobacteria were more frequently isolated from sites with stronger human impact and showed high maximum growth temperature and enzyme secretion. Ecotypic differences were not evident among isolates of Janthinobacterium lividum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas veronii, which were frequently isolated from sites with different degrees of anthropogenic effect.
authors: Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdo Techno Park, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yung Mi
authors: YM
authors: Lee
authors: So-Yeon
authors: SY
authors: Kim
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Jung
authors: Eun Hye
authors: EH
authors: Kim
authors: Kyeung Hee
authors: KH
authors: Cho
authors: Franz
authors: F
authors: Schinner
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Margesin
authors: Soon Gyu
authors: SG
authors: Hong
authors: Hong Kum
authors: HK
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D044822:Biodiversity; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D046448:Ice Cover / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S