title: Oral administration of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 prevents allergen-induced dermatitis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of allergies has been linked to Western life style factors including a decrease of microbial exposure. Probiotics, such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), have been shown to be beneficial for prevention and treatment of several chronic inflammatory diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oral EcN administration on development and outcome of allergen-induced dermatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In sensitized BALB/c mice, skin inflammation was induced by topical allergen application. EcN was administered orally in a preventive manner. Severity of dermatitis was analysed by evaluation of skin score, local cellular and cytokine profile. The systemic immune response was assessed by analysis of immunoglobulins and allergen-dependent cytokine response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral EcN administration improved allergen-induced dermatitis dose-dependently. In parallel, a reduction of epidermal thickness and infiltrating immune cells together with an enhanced number of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)(+) cells and a trend of increased IFNγ, IL-10 and TGFβ expression was detected in eczematous skin. In allergen-stimulated splenocytes reduced IL-4 and IFNγ along with an elevated IL-10 production and a tendency to an increased TGFβ secretion were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that EcN alters the local allergen-induced immune response by increase of Foxp3(+) cells and by favouring an immunoregulatory cytokine pattern. Thus, oral administration of EcN might be an effective strategy in prevention and potentially therapy of allergic inflammatory skin diseases.
authors: Allergy-Center-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Christin
authors: C
authors: Weise
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Ernst
authors: Anja A
authors: AA
authors: Kühl
authors: Margitta
authors: M
authors: Worm
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010047:Ovalbumin