title: The potential role of small fish species in improving micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: building evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To build a comprehensive overview of the potential role of fish in improving nutrition with respect to certain micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature review was completed. For this the electronic library databases ASFA, CABD and Scopus were systematically searched and relevant references cited in these sources were carefully analysed. The search terms used were 'fish', 'small fish species', 'micronutrients', 'food-based strategies', 'fish consumption' and 'developing countries'. The quality of data on nutritional analyses was carefully reviewed and data that lacked proper information on methods, units and samples were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evidence collected confirmed the high levels of vitamin A, Fe and Zn in some of the small fish species in developing countries. These small fish are reported to be more affordable and accessible than the larger fish and other usual animal-source foods and vegetables. Evidence suggests that these locally available small fish have considerable potential as cost-effective food-based strategies to enhance micronutrient intakes or as a complementary food for undernourished children. However, the present review shows that only a few studies have been able to rigorously assess the impact of fish consumption on improved nutritional status in developing countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is required in areas such as determination of fish consumption patterns of poor households, the nutritional value of local fish and other aquatic animals and the impact of fish intake on improved nutritional status in developing countries where undernutrition is a major public health problem.
authors: Policy, Economics and Social Sciences, The WorldFish Center, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, 11960 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia. N.Kawarazuka@uea.ac.uk
authors: Nozomi
authors: N
authors: Kawarazuka
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Béné
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003906:Developing Countries; D004032:Diet; D005399:Fishes; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000191:economics; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; D018977:Micronutrients; D014801:Vitamin A; D015032:Zinc