title: Intracellular defenses against HIV, viral evasion and novel therapeutic approaches.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, is a retrovirus. It is estimated that, while in the cell, it interacts with almost 10% of cellular proteins. Several of these have evolved to protect the cell from infection with retroviruses and are known as "restriction factors". Restriction factors tell us much about how the virus functions and open up new paradigms for exploring novel antiviral therapeutics. This article gives an update on the three best studied restriction factors, their putative mechanisms of action and how the virus has overcome their effects, together with an indication of novel therapeutic approaches based on this knowledge.
authors: Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Lever
authors: Andrew M L
authors: AM
authors: Lever
mesh_terms: D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016341:Genes, vif; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics*; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2
chemical_list: D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C094572:BST2 protein, human; D000074010:Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2; C477346:TRIM5 protein, human; C502889:APOBEC3 proteins, human