title: Elevated expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor correlates with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with gliomas.
abstract: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. We aim to examine the association of MIF with tumor recurrence and survival of gliomas, and to determine whether MIF is a valuable prognostic predictor for glioma patients. The expression of MIF and interleukin 8 (IL-8) was evaluated in 36 high-grade gliomas (20 glioblastoma multiforme, 13 anaplastic astrocytoma, and 3 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma) and 32 low-grade gliomas (18 fibrillary astrocytoma, 5 pilocytic astrocytoma, 5 oligodendroglioma, 3 ependymoma and 1 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma) by immunostaining. Intratumoral microvessel density (IMD) of tumors in relation to immunostainings and clinicopathological factors were analyzed statistically as well as the follow-up data of patients. High expression of both MIF (58.8%) and IL-8 (52.9%) was significantly associated with high-grade gliomas and increased microvessels in tumors, but only high expression of MIF was closely related to tumor recurrence (P = 0.001). High expression of IL-8 exhibited a close correlation with high expression of MIF in tumors (P = 0.001). Histological grading, high expression of MIF and IL-8 correlated with patients' overall survival in univariate analysis. However, only histological grading and MIF expression exhibited a relationship with survival of patients as independent prognostic factors of glioma by multivariate analysis; the hazard ratios were 28.012 (P = 0.001) and 11.782 (P = 0.001), respectively. Elevated production of MIF in glioma tumor cells may contribute to tumor recurrence and a worse prognosis. MIF may serve as an independent predictive factor for prognosis of glioma patients.
authors: Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, 106, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Xiao-Bing
authors: XB
authors: Wang
authors: Xiao-Ying
authors: XY
authors: Tian
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013534:Survival; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors