title: Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and inflammatory factors in macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate relationships among vitreous fluid levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema or patients with idiopathic macular hole.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Tokyo Women's Medical University and Eguchi Eye Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine Japanese patients who underwent unilateral vitrectomy (27 with BRVO and 22 with macular hole).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous fluid samples were obtained during vitreoretinal surgery to measure the levels of sVEGFR-2, VEGF, and sICAM-1. Retinal ischemia was evaluated from capillary nonperfusion on fluorescein angiography. Macular edema was examined by optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitreous fluid levels of the 3 molecules and severity of macular edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BRVO patients had a significantly higher vitreous fluid level of sVEGFR-2 (median, 1670 pg/mL; interquartile range [IQL], 1205 to 2225 pg/mL) than macular hole patients (median, 1265 pg/mL; IQR, 731 to 1800 pg/mL; P = .017), as was the case for VEGF (median, 237 pg/mL; IQR, 42.2 to 1305 pg/mL; vs median, 15.6 pg/mL; IQR, 15.6 to 15.6 pg/mL; P < .001) and sICAM-1 (median, 10.1 ng/mL; IQR, 6.3 to 22.5 ng/mL; vs median, 4.1 ng/mL; IQR, 3.3 to 6.0 ng/mL; P < .001). In BRVO patients, there was a significant positive correlation between vitreous fluid levels of sVEGFR-2 or VEGF and sICAM-1, but not between sVEGFR-2 and VEGF. Vitreous fluid levels of all 3 molecules were correlated significantly the with severity of macular edema in BRVO patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sVEGFR-2 may induce an increase of vascular permeability together with or via sICAM-1, or both with and via sICAM-1, in BRVO patients with macular edema.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Chiba, Japan. nomahide@tymc.twmu.ac.jp
authors: Hidetaka
authors: H
authors: Noma
authors: Hideharu
authors: H
authors: Funatsu
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Mimura
authors: Shuichiro
authors: S
authors: Eguchi
authors: Sadao
authors: S
authors: Hori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000378:metabolism; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2