title: Cerebral oxygen desaturation during beach chair position.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cases of ischaemic brain damage have been reported in relatively healthy patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the beach chair position. Unrecognised cerebral hypoperfusion may have contributed to these catastrophic events, indicating that routine anaesthesia monitoring may not suffice. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a non-invasive, continuous method to measure regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the prevalence of regional cerebral oxygen desaturation in patients undergoing shoulder surgery in the upright position during routine anaesthesia management. We also aimed to identify some causal factors for cerebral desaturation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital. Observation period from 19 05 2008 to 26 08 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive adult patients presenting for elective shoulder surgery under general anaesthesia in the beach chair position were enrolled. Patients with clinically apparent neurological or cognitive dysfunction were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine anaesthesia management and standard monitoring were used. The responsible anaesthesiologist was blinded to the rScO2 data and was not informed about the purpose of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of cerebral oxygen desaturation was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With beach chair positioning, rScO2 decreased significantly from 79± to 57±9% on the left side and from 77±10 to 59±10% on the right side (P<0.001). A relative decrease in rScO2 of more than 20% occurred in 80% of patients when the beach chair position was adopted. Postural decreases in cerebral oxygenation were related to blood pressure (r=0.60, P=0.007) and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (r=0.47, P=0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of significant cerebral oxygen desaturation during shoulder surgery in the upright position underlines the need for close monitoring. NIRS might constitute a valuable technique to detect cerebral hypoperfusion in this high-risk group of patients.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. annelies.moerman@UGent.be
authors: Annelies T
authors: AT
authors: Moerman
authors: Stefan G
authors: SG
authors: De Hert
authors: Tom F
authors: TF
authors: Jacobs
authors: Lieven F
authors: LF
authors: De Wilde
authors: Patrick F
authors: PF
authors: Wouters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D056888:Patient Positioning; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012782:Shoulder / Q000601:surgery*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen