title: Spontaneous cyclic embryonic movements in humans and guinea pigs.
abstract: Motility assessment before birth can be used to evaluate the integrity of the nervous system. Sideways bending (SB) of head and/or rump, the earliest embryonic motility in both humans and guinea pigs, can be visualized sonographically. We know from other species that early embryonic motility is cyclic. This study explores the distribution of SB-to-SB intervals in human and guinea pig embryos before the appearance of more complex movements such as general movements. We hypothesized that the activity in both species is cyclic. We made 15-min sonographic recordings of SBs between 5 weeks and 0 days (5wk0d) and 7wk0d conceptional age (CA) in 18 human embryos of uncomplicated IVF pregnancies (term 38 weeks) and in 20 guinea pig embryos between 3wk4d and 4wk0d CA (term 9 weeks). SB-to-SB interval durations were categorized as long (≥10 s) or short (<10 s) intervals. For human embryos, the median values for long and short intervals were 61 s (range, 10-165 s) and 3 s (range, 1-9 s) respectively; for guinea pigs 38 s (range, 10-288 s) and 5 s (range, 1-9 s), respectively. During development, the duration of long intervals decreased while the number of short intervals increased for both species. The earliest embryonic motility in the human and guinea pig is performed cyclically with distinct developmental milestones. The resemblance of their interval development offers promising possibilities to use the guinea pig as a noninvasive animal model of external influences on motor and neural development.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute Move, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Renée H M
authors: RH
authors: Felt
authors: Eduard J H
authors: EJ
authors: Mulder
authors: Annemarie B
authors: AB
authors: Lüchinger
authors: Colette M
authors: CM
authors: van Kan
authors: Marcel A M
authors: MA
authors: Taverne
authors: Johanna I P
authors: JI
authors: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013045:Species Specificity; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods