title: Fasting plasma chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid concentrations are inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating data suggest a novel role for bile acids (BAs) in modulating metabolic homeostasis. BA treatment has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and to increase energy expenditure in mice. Here, we investigated the relationship between fasting plasma BAs concentrations and metabolic parameters in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profile were measured in 14 healthy volunteers, 20 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 22 non-diabetic abdominally obese subjects. Insulin sensitivity was also assessed by the determination of the glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in a subgroup of patients (9 healthy and 16 T2D subjects). Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Plasma cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) concentrations were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. In univariable analysis, a positive association was found between HOMA-IR and plasma CDCA (β = 0.09, p = 0.001), CA (β = 0.03, p = 0.09) and DCA concentrations (β = 0.07, p < 0.0001). Spearman analysis retrieved an inverse relationship between plasma CDCA (r = -0.44, p = 0.03), CA (r = -0.65, p = 0.001) and the GIR. HOMA-IR remained positively associated with CDCA (β = 0.11, p = 0.01), CA (β = 0.04, p = 0.01) and DCA (β = 0.06, p = 0.007) in multivariable analysis, after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, HbA1C and plasma lipid parameters. In contrast, HbA1c, energy expenditure and plasma lipid concentrations were not correlated with plasma BAs levels in multivariable analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both plasma CDCA, CA and DCA concentrations were negatively associated with insulin sensitivity in a wide range of subjects.
authors: INSERM, UMR915; Université de Nantes; CHU Nantes, Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, CRNH Nantes, F-44000 France. bertrand.cariou@univ-nantes.fr.
authors: Bertrand
authors: B
authors: Cariou
authors: Maud
authors: M
authors: Chetiveaux
authors: Yassine
authors: Y
authors: Zaïr
authors: Etienne
authors: E
authors: Pouteau
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Disse
authors: Béatrice
authors: B
authors: Guyomarc'h-Delasalle
authors: Martine
authors: M
authors: Laville
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Krempf