title: Kolaviron protects apoptotic cell death in PC12 cells exposed to atrazine.
abstract: Kolaviron (KV), a natural biflavonoid obtained from the seeds of Garcinia kola, has been documented for its wide pharmacological window, including anti-apoptotic activities. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood at the cellular level. This study investigates the anti-apoptotic activity of KV in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma, exposed to endocrine disruptor-atrazine (ATZ). KV (60 μM) treatment for 24 h shows significant anti-apoptotic responses in PC12 cells exposed to ATZ (232 μM) for 24 h. KV treatment recovers the ATZ-induced levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 activity and depleted levels of glutathione and catalase activity. However, KV was found to be ineffective to restore the ATZ-induced expression (mRNA) and activity of glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR). KV treatment also demonstrates significant restoration in ATZ-induced alterations in the expression of apoptosis markers viz., p53, Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, caspase-9, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), c-Jun and c-fos. Flow cytometric analysis confirms the involvement of ROS in the mediation of ATZ-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Together, these data suggest that KV has the therapeutic potential against chemical-induced apoptotic cell death in the neuronal system.
authors: Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria.
authors: Sunny O
authors: SO
authors: Abarikwu
authors: Ebenezer O
authors: EO
authors: Farombi
authors: Mahendra P
authors: MP
authors: Kashyap
authors: Aditya B
authors: AB
authors: Pant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001280:Atrazine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019610:Cytoprotection; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005419:Flavonoids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione; C045492:kolaviron; D001280:Atrazine