title: Effects of chondroitin sulfate and its oligosaccharides on toll-like receptor-mediated IL-6 secretion by macrophage-like J774.1 cells.
abstract: The effects of two types of chondroitin sulphate (CS), CS-A and CS-C, their oligosaccharides (oligo-CSs), and disaccharides (Di-CSs) on toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 were compared using macrophage-like cell line J774.1. IL-6 secretion in the J774.1 cells was markedly increased by Pam3CS4, LPS, and CpG, the ligands to TLR1/2, 4, and 9 respectively. Among these three ligands, CpG-induced IL-6 was most clearly suppressed by CSs and their digests. Suppression of IL-6 secretion by smaller sized CS-A was stronger than that by intact CS-A, whereas no such size-dependent suppression was apparent for CS-C. Di-4S, the disaccharide unit of the CS-A digest, also showed much stronger suppression than Di-6S, the disaccharide unit of the CS-C digest, and the non-sulfated disaccharide unit, Di-0S. The suppressing activity of oligo-CSs, particularly Di-CSs, against TLR-mediated inflammation was dependent on the CS structure, including the sulfation site.
authors: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Miao
authors: M
authors: Jin
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Iwamoto
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Yamada
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Satsu
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Totsuka
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008024:Ligands; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates