title: Increased difficulties and complications encountered during hysteroscopy in women with genital tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genital tuberculosis (TB) in women is a common disease in developing countries, and hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are vital tools in diagnosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively compare the difficulties encountered and complications of hysteroscopy in women with and without genital TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control clinical audit (Canadian Task Force classification II-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical college and hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine women who underwent hysteroscopy, with or without other procedures, who were found to have genital TB at various investigations (group 1) and 289 women who underwent hysteroscopy during the same period with similar characteristics but without evidence of genital TB (group 2, controls).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hysteroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Difficulties encountered and complications observed were recorded, compared, and analyzed using the χ(2) and Fisher exact tests. Indications for hysteroscopy in the study vs the control group were infertility in 92 patients (92.92%) vs 124 (42.90 %), amenorrhea in 6 (6.66%) vs 12 (4.15%), and postmenopausal bleeding in 1 (1.11%) vs 29 (10.03%). Difficulties and complications were significantly higher in group 1. Inability to distend the cavity was observed in 8 women in group 1 (8.08%) vs 2 in group 2 (0.69%). Excessive bleeding was observed in 5 women in group 1 (5.05%) vs 1 in group 2 (0.35 %). Uterine perforation was observed in 8 women in group 1 (8.08%) vs 5 in group 2 (1.73%), and flare-up of genital TB was observed in 1 woman in group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hysteroscopy in women with genital TB is associated with difficulty in performing the procedure and with higher rates of complications.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors: Jai Bhagwan
authors: JB
authors: Sharma
authors: Kallol Kumar
authors: KK
authors: Roy
authors: Mohanraj
authors: M
authors: Pushparaj
authors: Debjyoti
authors: D
authors: Karmakar
authors: Sunesh
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Neeta
authors: N
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014384:Tuberculosis, Female Genital / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis