title: Physical properties of root cementum: Part 19. Comparison of the amounts of root resorption between the right and left first premolars after application of buccally directed heavy orthodontic tipping forces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have used the right and left sides of the same jaw to compare different force levels, types of movement, and durations of forces. However, the amounts of root resorption have not been compared between the right and left sides after applying the same amount of force. The aims of the study were to quantitatively compare the volumes of the root resorption lacunae between the right and left first premolars to determine whether 1 side can serve as a control to the other and to compare the volumes of root resorption lacunae of the first premolars between the maxilla and the mandible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four first premolars, orthodontically indicated for extraction from 11 patients (left and right maxillary and mandibular first premolars from each) were moved buccally by using beta-titanium-molybdenum alloy 0.017 × 0.025-in cantilever springs with continuous heavy (225 g) force. After the experimental period, the teeth were extracted under a strict protocol to prevent root cementum damage and then analyzed by using a microcomputed tomography scan x-ray system (1172; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium) and specially designed software (Convex Hull 2D, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia) for direct volumetric measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in the mean cube root volumes of root resorption craters between the right and left sides (P = 0.18) or between the maxillary and mandibular jaws (P = 0.10). There was also no statistical significance for the interception (P = 0.41), which indicated that the jaw and the side had independent effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of root resorption on the left and right sides of the jaw were similar in both the maxilla and the mandible. Therefore, for future root resorption studies, it is justifiable to use the split-mouth technique so that teeth from 1 side of the jaw can serve as the controls.
authors: Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Oh
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Ho
authors: Tamer
authors: T
authors: Türk
authors: Selma
authors: S
authors: Elekdağ-Türk
authors: Allan S
authors: AS
authors: Jones
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Petocz
authors: Lam L
authors: LL
authors: Cheng
authors: M Ali
authors: MA
authors: Darendeliler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000497:Alloys; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; C525450:titanium molybdenum alloy