title: Placental infarction identified by macroscopic examination and risk of cerebral palsy in infants at 35 weeks of gestational age and over.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate whether placental infarction determined by macroscopic examination was associated with risk of cerebral palsy (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a population-based study of macroscopic placental infarcts in singletons>35 weeks' gestational age, in 158 perinatal deaths, 445 infants with CP, and 491 controls matched with CP cases for gestational age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placental infarcts were recorded in 2.0% of controls, 4.4% of deaths (relative risk [RR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-5.6]), 5.2% of infants with CP (P<.05, RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3), and 8.4% with spastic quadriplegic CP (P=.0026; RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.8-10.6). In children with CP, unlike controls, placental infarction was associated with reduced fetal growth, older maternal age, more prior miscarriages, and poor neonatal condition, but not with maternal preeclampsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placental infarction identified by macroscopic examination was associated with increased risk of CP and the CP subtype, spastic quadriplegic CP. Antecedents of placental infarction differed in children with CP compared with control children.
authors: Center for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Perth, Western Australia.
authors: Eve
authors: E
authors: Blair
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: de Groot
authors: Karin B
authors: KB
authors: Nelson
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007238:Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D010927:Placental Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014904:Western Australia