title: Polysaccharides purified from the submerged culture of Ganoderma formosanum stimulate macrophage activation and protect mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection.
abstract: The bioactive components of Ganoderma formosanum have not yet been characterized. We investigated the immunomodulatory activities of the extracellular polysaccharides produced from a submerged mycelial culture of G. formosanum. The polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose. After gel filtration chromatography, three polysaccharide fractions (PS-F1, PS-F2 and PS-F3) were purified. PS-F2 stimulated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages to produce TNF-α and nitric oxide, and enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. PS-F2 challenge in mice triggered an acute inflammatory response characterized by the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes, which protected mice from subsequent infection of Listeria monocytogenes. The results indicate that the heteropolysaccharides produced by G. formosanum can activate the innate immune response on macrophages.
authors: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Cheng-Li
authors: CL
authors: Wang
authors: Chia-Chen
authors: CC
authors: Pi
authors: Chu-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Kuo
authors: Yu-Jing
authors: YJ
authors: Zhuang
authors: Kay-Hooi
authors: KH
authors: Khoo
authors: Wen-Hsiung
authors: WH
authors: Liu
authors: Chun-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002460:Cell Line; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide