title: Chemotherapeutic effects of bioassay-guided extracts of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
abstract: The organic extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae) has been traditionally used in southwestern China as an alternative medicine against disorders such as hepatitis, trauma, gastric ulcers, burns, and heart disease. The present study describes bioassay-guided purification and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the 60% ethanolic fraction of P americana organic extracts (PAE60). The most effective cytotoxic fraction was determined by way of repeated in vitro screenings against 12 distinct cultured human carcinoma cell lines: Eca 109, BGC823, HO8910, LS174T, CNE, HeLa, K562, PC-3, A549, BEL 7404, HL-60, and KB, followed by in vivo antitumor assays of the lead fraction (PAE60). The complexity of enriched active fraction was qualitatively evaluated using thin layer chromatography. Reconstituted PAE60 was effective at inhibiting HL-60, KB, CNE, and BGC823 cell growth with IC(50) values <20 µg mL-(1). PAE60 reduced tumor growth in S180-bearing immunocompetent mice by 72.62% after 10 days following oral doses of 500 mg kg d-(1) compared with 78.75% inhibition following 40 mg kg d-(1) of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Thymus and spleen indices of S180-bearing mice treated with PAE60 were significantly greater (P < .05) than CTX treatment groups, suggesting potential immunomodulation of antitumor host defenses by PAE60. Antiviral activity was also investigated and PAE60 inhibited herpes simplex type-2 replication (IC(50) = 4.11 ± 0.64 µg mL-(1)) with a selectivity index (CC(50) to IC(50) ratio) of 64.84 in Vero cells but was less effective on type-1 virus (IC(50) of 25.6 ± 3.16 µg mL-(1)). These results support future clinical trials on P. americana as an alternative or complementary medicinal agent.
authors: Dali University, Dali, China.
authors: Xiao-Yu
authors: XY
authors: Wang
authors: Zheng Chun
authors: ZC
authors: He
authors: Li-Yan
authors: LY
authors: Song
authors: Shawn
authors: S
authors: Spencer
authors: Lei Xiang
authors: LX
authors: Yang
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Peng
authors: Guang-Ming
authors: GM
authors: Liu
authors: Ming-Hui
authors: MH
authors: Hu
authors: Hai Bo
authors: HB
authors: Li
authors: Xiu-Mei
authors: XM
authors: Wu
authors: Su
authors: S
authors: Zeng
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Hilgenfeld
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Stöckigt
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Jin Fu
authors: JF
authors: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007624:KB Cells; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010526:Periplaneta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D003520:Cyclophosphamide