title: The potential investment impact of improved access to accelerated approval on the development of treatments for low prevalence rare diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over 95% of rare diseases lack treatments despite many successful treatment studies in animal models. To improve access to treatments, the Accelerated Approval (AA) regulations were implemented allowing the use of surrogate endpoints to achieve drug approval and accelerate development of life-saving therapies. Many rare diseases have not utilized AA due to the difficulty in gaining acceptance of novel surrogate endpoints in untreated rare diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the potential impact of improved AA accessibility, we devised clinical development programs using proposed clinical or surrogate endpoints for fifteen rare disease treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that better AA access could reduce development costs by approximately 60%, increase investment value, and foster development of three times as many rare disease drugs for the same investment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our research brings attention to the need for well-defined and practical qualification criteria for the use of surrogate endpoints to allow more access to the AA approval pathway in clinical trials for rare diseases.
authors: Kakkis EveryLife Foundation For Rare Diseases, 77 Digital Drive, Suite 210, Novato, CA 94949, USA.
authors: Brigitta E
authors: BE
authors: Miyamoto
authors: Emil D
authors: ED
authors: Kakkis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D009965:Orphan Drug Production / Q000191:economics*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D035583:Rare Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers