title: Modern management of malignant hypercalcemia.
abstract: Hypercalcemia occurs in 10% to 20% of those with advanced cancer. It is considered an oncologic emergency. Presenting symptoms include common gastrointestinal symptoms that may be difficult to differentiate from tumor or treatment-related symptoms. These include nausea, vomiting, and constipation. As levels increase or if development is rapid, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as delirium can develop. Untreated it will lead to coma and death. Current preferred therapies are the bisphosphonate agents, zoledronate and pamidronate with saline rehydration.
authors: Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, OH, USA. legrans@ccf.org
authors: Susan B
authors: SB
authors: Legrand
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005708:Gallium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010166:Palliative Care; D000077268:Pamidronate; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D002116:Calcitonin; D005708:Gallium; D000077268:Pamidronate; C027235:gallium nitrate