title: Antimicrobial consumption at Auckland City Hospital: 2006-2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine the level of antimicrobial consumption by adult inpatients at Auckland City Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand) and to compare our findings with those in other developed nations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the computerised records of the central Auckland District Health Board (ADHB) pharmacy to measure the amount of antimicrobials dispensed to inpatients (excluding psychiatric units, day stay units and outpatient clinics) during 2006 to 2009. The total weight of each antimicrobial dispensed was used to determine the number of defined daily doses (DDDs) dispensed. The Information Management and Technical Services department of ADHB provided data on the number of admissions and inpatient days, and these data, together with information from the 2006 census, were used to calculate antimicrobial consumption for adult inpatients measured in DDDs/100 admissions, DDDs/100 inpatient days and DDDs/1000 population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total antimicrobial consumption by adult inpatients increased from 74 DDDs/100 inpatient days in 2006 to 80.3 DDDs/100 inpatient days in 2009. The level of consumption did not vary greatly with the season. The total level of consumption was very similar to that seen in adult inpatients in hospitals in Australia and Scandinavian countries. The level of consumption of fluoroquinolones, third or fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and vancomycin (antimicrobial classes that are not available for unrestricted use in Auckland City Hospital) was comparable to or less than that seen in adult inpatients in hospitals in Australia or Scandinavian countries. Beta-lactamase susceptible penicillins (such as benzyl penicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin) comprised a relatively small proportion of total penicillin use and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations (predominantly amoxicillin/clavulanate) a relatively large proportion of total penicillin use, when compared with Scandinavian hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antimicrobial stewardship programme at Auckland City Hospital has resulted in a generally prudent level of consumption in recent years. Opportunities exist to improve the pattern of antimicrobial prescribing in the expectation that this will help to slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance in our community.
authors: Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors: Rob
authors: R
authors: Ticehurst
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Thomast
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001315:Australia; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009520:New Zealand; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins