title: Effect of static and cyclic loading on ceramic laminate veneers adhered to teeth with and without aged composite restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing composite restorations on teeth are often remade prior to the cementation of fixed dental prostheses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of static and cyclic loading on ceramic laminate veneers adhered to aged resin composite restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty sound maxillary incisors were collected and randomly divided into four groups: group 1: control group, no restorations; group 2: two Class III restorations; group 3: two Class IV restorations; group 4: complete composite substrate. Standard composite restorations were made using a microhybrid resin composite (Anterior Shine). Restored teeth were subjected to thermocycling (6000 cycles). Window preparations were made on the labial surface of the teeth for ceramic laminate fabrication (Empress II). Teeth were conditioned using an etch-and-rinse system. Existing composite restorations representing the aged composites were silica coated (CoJet) and silanized (ESPE-Sil). Ceramic laminates were cemented using a bis-GMA-based cement (Variolink Veneer). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups and were subjected to either static (groups 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a) or cyclic loading (groups 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b). Failure type and location after loading were classified. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher fracture strength was obtained in group 4 (330 ± 81 N) compared to the controls in group 1 (179 ± 120 N) (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Group 1b survived a lower mean number of cyclic loads (672,820 cycles) than teeth of groups 2b to 4b (846x103 to 873x103 cycles). Failure type evaluation after the fracture test showed predominantly adhesive failures between dentin and cement, but after cyclic loading, more cohesive fractures in the ceramic were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ceramic laminate veneers bonded to conditioned aged composite restorations provided favorable results. Surface conditioning of existing restorations may eliminate the necessity of removing aged composite restorations.
authors: University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands. macrogresnigt@yahoo.com
authors: Marco M
authors: MM
authors: Gresnigt
authors: Mutlu
authors: M
authors: Ozcan
authors: Warner
authors: W
authors: Kalk
authors: Graziela
authors: G
authors: Galhano
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002516:Ceramics; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003801:Dental Veneers; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor