title: Molecular characteristics of HIV type 1 infection among prisoners from Central Western Brazil.
abstract: Abstract   This study among antiretroviral-experienced prisoners from central western Brazil investigated mutations associated with secondary resistance to nucleoside/nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI/NNRTI), protease inhibitors (Stanford HIV-1 Resistance/International Aids Society Databases), and HIV-1 subtypes (REGA/phylogenetic analyses/SimPlot). Twenty-seven prisoners from three prisons (16 males and four females from Mato Grosso do Sul State and seven males from Goiás State) had HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase fragments sequenced after nested PCR. Median age was 35 years. Seven males and two females were intravenous drug users, three males referred homosexual practice. Resistance mutations were present in 37% (10/27): NRTI+NNRTI mutations (n=5), NRTI mutations (n=3), multidrug-resistant mutations (n=2). Subtype B (48%), subtype C (11%), B/F1, B/C, and F1/B/C recombinants (40.7%) were detected. Possible intraprison transmissions were identified: two intravenous drug user females (subtype C); two clusters among homosexual males (subtype B and B/F1). High resistance rate and possible intraprison transmission highlight the need for improved prevention, counseling, and treatment strategies for prisoners.
authors: Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Brazil.
authors: Ludimila Paula Vaz
authors: LP
authors: Cardoso
authors: Alexsander Augusto
authors: AA
authors: da Silveira
authors: Roberta Barbosa Lopes
authors: RB
authors: Francisco
authors: Mônica Nogueira
authors: MN
authors: da Guarda Reis
authors: Mariane Martins de Araújo
authors: MM
authors: Stefani
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011329:Prisoners