title: Contrast-induced nephropathy.
abstract: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has been extensively studied since the 1950s due, in part, to its devastating adverse events. The intellectual push for additional investigation into pathogenesis and prevention has heightened in recent years due to increased utilization of contrast enhanced imaging studies. Lack of a universal CIN definition and varied glomerular filtration rate markers have resulted in a varied reported incidence. Risk assessment and risk reduction strategies have evolved over the past several years. Current evidence supports volume supplementation before the administration of intravascular contrast to reduce the hazard of CIN. Other strategies to reduce the risk of CIN, including low osmolar contrast media, N-acetylcysteine, and intrarenal fenoldopam therapy, have variable levels of evidence, and further randomized trials are necessary.
authors: Interventional Institute, Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ, USA. jrundback@airsllp.com
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Rundback
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Nahl
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D018818:Fenoldopam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003287:Contrast Media; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D018818:Fenoldopam; D000111:Acetylcysteine