title: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus: a model of NF-κB-associated tumorigenesis.
abstract: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), whereas the highly related HTLV-2 is not associated with ATL or other cancers. In addition to ATL leukemogenesis, studies of the HTLV viruses also provide an exceptional model for understanding basic pathogenic mechanisms of virus-host interactions and human oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the viral regulatory protein Tax and host inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB are largely responsible for the different pathogenic potentials of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 oncogenic pathogenesis with a focus on the interplay between the Tax oncoprotein and NF-κB pro-oncogenic signaling. We also outline some of the most intriguing and outstanding questions in the fields of HTLV and NF-κB. Answers to those questions will greatly advance our understanding of ATL leukemogenesis and other NF-κB-associated tumorigenesis and will help us design personalized cancer therapies.
authors: Cancer Institute, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors: Zhaoxia
authors: Z
authors: Qu
authors: Gutian
authors: G
authors: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016356:Gene Products, tax; D016328:NF-kappa B; C514970:tax protein, Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1