title: Complications and clinical analysis of 416 consecutive cochlear implantations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cochlear implantation is a safe technique with a relatively low complication rate. However, certain complications may require specific attention to treat. The purpose of this study was to investigate complications of cochlear implantation for prevention and therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series at a tertiary referral center in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients (n=416) who received cochlear implants in our department between 2000 and 2010 were followed up (range, 3 months to 10 years). The complications were identified as "minor" or "major". All complications were systematically reviewed, and their causes were analyzed for prevention and therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 29 complications (7%). The minor were 23 cases (5.5%), including postoperative subcutaneous hematoma in 13 cases, acute otitis media in 2 cases, postoperative wound infection in 2 cases, delayed facial paralysis in 1 case, clonic facial spasm in 1 case, and severe vertigo in 4 cases. The major were 6 cases (1.5%), including cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases, implant-related infection and extrusion in 1 case, tympanic membrane perforation induced electrode exposed in 1 case, implantation failure due to cochlear ossification in 1 case, and magnet displacement in 1 case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cochlear implantation is popular, it is essential to decrease the incidence of complications.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changlexilu 15, Xi'an 710032, Shanxi Province, China. qiujh@fmmu.edu.cn
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Qiu
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Tan
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Han
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Gao
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: Bairu
authors: B
authors: Du
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D015331:Cohort Studies; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult