title: Endemic systemic mycoses: coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis.
abstract: Endemic deep or systemic mycoses are common in specific geographical areas of the world. Coccidioidomycosis is present in semi-desert areas, histoplasmosis and paracoccidioidomycosis in tropical regions and blastomycosis belongs to temperate climates. The two former are widely distributed in the American continent and some tropical regions of the world; the third is limited to Central and South America, and the last to North America and Central and East Africa. These mycoses all have a similar pathogenesis, as the inoculum enters the host through the respiratory tract. Cutaneous manifestations are secondary to lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination. These deep mycoses are exceptional in Europe. Most cases are observed in returning travelers from endemic areas, aid workers, archaeologists, speleologist and immigrants. However, there have been some autochthonous cases of histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum reported in European countries such as Italy and Germany. In this article, we provide up-to-date epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic data on the four most important imported systemic mycoses in Europe.
authors: Departamento de Micología, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de México, Ciudad de México.
authors: Alexandro
authors: A
authors: Bonifaz
authors: Denisse
authors: D
authors: Vázquez-González
authors: Ana María
authors: AM
authors: Perusquía-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001759:Blastomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003047:Coccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents