title: Embryonic toxicity of sanguinarine through apoptotic processes in mouse blastocysts.
abstract: In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of sanguinarine, a phytoalexin with antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects, on the blastocyst stage of mouse embryos, subsequent embryonic attachment and outgrowth in vitro and in vivo implantation via embryo transfer. Blastocysts treated with 0.5-2 μM sanguinarine exhibited significantly increased apoptosis and a corresponding decrease in total cell number. Notably, the implantation success rates of blastocysts pretreated with sanguinarine were lower than that of their control counterparts. Moreover, in vitro treatment with 0.5-2 μM sanguinarine was associated with increased resorption of post-implantation embryos and decreased fetal weight. Our results collectively indicate that sanguinarine induces apoptosis and retards early post-implantation development in vitro and in vivo. In addition, sanguinarine induces apoptotic injury effects on mouse blastocysts through intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling processes to impair sequent embryonic development. However, the extent to which sanguinarine exerts teratogenic effects on early human development is not known at present, and further studies are required to establish effective protection strategies against its cytotoxic effects.
authors: Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 32023, Taiwan. whchan@cycu.edu.tw
authors: Wen-Hsiung
authors: WH
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D053624:Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004477:Ectogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011897:Random Allocation; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013723:Teratogens; C005705:sanguinarine; D000094162:Phytoalexins