title: NAT2 slow acetylation haplotypes are associated with the increased risk of betel quid-related oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NAT2, the most important phase II metabolic enzyme for betel quid (BQ), might modify the risk of BQ-related oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR-RFLP and TaqMan assay were conducted for genotyping of NAT2 in 172 OPSCC cases and 170 healthy controls who habitually chewed BQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotypic and allelic type of T341C and C481T in NAT2 are associated with the risk of OPSCC. There were linear trends between increased risk of OPSCC and slowness of NAT2 acetylation haplotypes (P = .017), especially for young subjects (P < .001), light BQ chewers (P = .005), light smokers (P = .023), and alcohol drinkers (P = .001). The interactions on risk of OPSCC were found for NAT2 acetylation haplotypes with status of age, BQ chewing, and alcohol drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NAT2 acetylation haplotypes might be genetic markers for risk of BQ-related OPSCC.
authors: Division of Otology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Yi
authors: YY
authors: Hou
authors: Hui-Ling
authors: HL
authors: Ou
authors: Sau-Tung
authors: ST
authors: Chu
authors: Pi-Chuang
authors: PC
authors: Wu
authors: Pei-Jung
authors: PJ
authors: Lu
authors: Chao-Chuan
authors: CC
authors: Chi
authors: Kam-Wing
authors: KW
authors: Leung
authors: Chien-Yiing
authors: CY
authors: Lee
authors: Pi-Hsiung
authors: PH
authors: Wu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hsiao
authors: Luo-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Ger
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003596:Cytosine; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006147:Guanine; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013941:Thymine
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006147:Guanine; D003596:Cytosine; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; D000225:Adenine; D013941:Thymine