title: Amelioration of D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats by dietary supplementation with betaine derived from sugar beet molasses.
abstract: The effects of betaine supplementation on D-galactosamine-induced liver injury were examined in terms of hepatic and serum enzyme activities and of the levels of glutathione and betaine-derived intermediates. The rats induced with liver injury showed marked increases in serum enzyme activity, but those receiving dietary supplementation of 1% betaine showed enzyme activity levels similar to a control group without liver injury. Administration of betaine also increased both hepatic and serum glutathione levels, even following D-galactosamine injection. The activity of glutathione-related enzymes was markedly decreased following injection of D-galactosamine, but remained comparable to that of the control group in rats receiving 1% betaine. The concentrations of hepatic S-adenosyl methionine and cysteine showed similar trends to that observed for hepatic glutathione levels. These results indicate that 1% betaine has a hepatoprotective effect by increasing hepatic and serum glutathione levels along with glutathione-related enzyme activities in rats.
authors: Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Okada
authors: Sakura
authors: S
authors: Kawakami
authors: Yumi
authors: Y
authors: Nakamura
authors: Kyu-Ho
authors: KH
authors: Han
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Ohba
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Aritsuka
authors: Hirokatsu
authors: H
authors: Uchino
authors: Ken-ichiro
authors: K
authors: Shimada
authors: Mitsuo
authors: M
authors: Sekikawa
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Ishii
authors: Michihiro
authors: M
authors: Fukushima
mesh_terms: D043383:Adenosylhomocysteinase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001622:Betaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005688:Galactosamine; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008965:Molasses; D051381:Rats; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001622:Betaine; D005688:Galactosamine; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D043383:Adenosylhomocysteinase; D005978:Glutathione