title: [A retrospective study of high-dose toremifene treatment for patients with aromatase inhibitor refractory advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer].
abstract: Aromatase inhibitors (AI) have largely replaced tamoxifen as the first-line of treatment for postmenopausal women with advanced or metastatic hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. However, there is no established strategy for treating AI refractory cases. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of high-dose Toremifene therapy (HD-TOR). From January 2001 through April 2010, nineteen patients received 120 mg of TOR daily. The overall response rate was 36.8% (CR; 1, PR; 6), and the clinical benefit was 47.4%. The clinical benefit rate to each of the metastatic organs were: lung, 42.9%; bone, 13%; liver, 25%; and lymph node, 40%. A higher clinical benefit rate was observed in lung or lymph node metastases. The clinical benefit rate of HD-TOR as first to third-line therapy was 50%, which was more effective than that of fourth-line therapy. Our data suggests that HD-TOR may be one of the effective treatment strategies for patients with AI refractory advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Asumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iesato
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Tokiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017312:Toremifene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D017312:Toremifene; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human