title: Membrane aberrancy and unfolded proteins activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor Ire1 in different ways.
abstract: Eukaryotic cells activate the unfolded-protein response (UPR) upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, where the stress is assumed to be the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Consistent with previous in vitro studies of the ER-luminal domain of the mutant UPR initiator Ire1, our study show its association with a model unfolded protein in yeast cells. An Ire1 luminal domain mutation that compromises Ire1's unfolded-protein-associating ability weakens its ability to respond to stress stimuli, likely resulting in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. In contrast, this mutant was activated like wild-type Ire1 by depletion of the membrane lipid component inositol or by deletion of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Another Ire1 mutant lacking the authentic luminal domain was up-regulated by inositol depletion as strongly as wild-type Ire1. We therefore conclude that the cytosolic (or transmembrane) domain of Ire1 senses membrane aberrancy, while, as proposed previously, unfolded proteins accumulating in the ER interact with and activate Ire1.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Thanyarat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Promlek
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiwata-Kimata
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shido
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuramoto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimata
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D017353:Gene Deletion; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007294:Inositol / Q000172:deficiency; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; C091341:HAC1 protein, S cerevisiae; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007294:Inositol; C082863:IRE1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; C520242:CPY protein, S cerevisiae