title: Study of Genetic Evolution in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the Iran and Belarus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is the new comparative geogenetic molecular evolution research of M. tuberculosis in Iran and Belarus. Thus, we researched the genetic patterns of samples collected in the first survey of anti-tuberculosis drug-resistance by gene coding of RNA polymerase as part of the international project of on tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA extraction and amplification of rpoB gene was performed. All PCR products of gene were sequenced using the Amersham auto sequencer. For analysing phenogram has been demonstrated by method UPGMA and Neighbour-Joining. Clinical isolates (70/473) were analyzed by using sequencing gene rpoB and genotyped by program DNAMAN and MEGA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The all data were compared with the international database of national center for biotechnology information website. Multi drug resistant of tuberculosis patient (MDR-TB) was 92% in never treated and 8% in previously treated. Mutations in rpoB gene and katG genes were showed in 95% and 84% of the MDR isolates, respectively. Two clusters were found to be identical by the four different analysis methods, presumably representing cases of recent transmission of MDR tuberculosis. The other isolates are divided in Iran into 2 groups: group A - similar to the Eastern strains (China, Taiwan) and group B - strains of another genotype. And 3 groups in Belarus: group A - Strains of the first group are more similar to the standard European and Eastern ones China and Taiwan) which diverged in the last 10 years (Genetic evolution rate), i.e. they are relatively new ones, and that is confirmed by the mutations, group B - Strains of the second group diverged earlier; they are older than the strains of the first group (16 years old- time and rate of evolution) and group C - Strains of the third group are similar to European strains and only circulate in Brest region. They are grouped separately on the phenogram and became prevalent in Iran (they are called Iranian residential strains and also is genetic analogy between group A from Iran and Belarusian isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research gives a first result on genetic evolution of the M. tuberculosis strains distributing in the Iran and Belarus during the first survey of anti-tuberculosis drug-resistance and is homologies between groups A from Iran with group A from Belarus. It may aid in the creation of a national database that will be a valuable support for further studies.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Biology Department, IAU university- Parand branch, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed Zaker
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Bostanabad
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shekarabei
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nojoumi
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jabbarzadeh
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghalami
authors.forename: Vahid Molla
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.forename: Mostafa Gholi
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Beigdeli
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karim Rahimi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bossak
authors.forename: Evgeni Romanovich
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sagalchyk
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Konstantina Surkova
authors.forename: Aksana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikhaelovna Zalutska
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Slizen
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrovich Titov