title: New 1.5 million-year-old Homo erectus maxilla from Sangiran (Central Java, Indonesia).
abstract: Sangiran (Solo Basin, Central Java, Indonesia) is the singular Homo erectus fossil locale for Early Pleistocene Southeast Asia. Sangiran is the source for more than 80 specimens in deposits with (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages of 1.51-0.9 Ma. In April 2001, we recovered a H. erectus left maxilla fragment (preserving P(3)- M(2)) from the Sangiran site of Bapang. The find spot lies at the base of the Bapang Formation type section in cemented gravelly sands traditionally called the Grenzbank Zone. Two meters above the find spot, pumice hornblende has produced an (40)Ar/(39)Ar age of 1.51 ± 0.08 Ma. With the addition of Bpg 2001.04, Sangiran now has five H. erectus maxillae. We compare the new maxilla with homologs representing Sangiran H. erectus, Zhoukoudian H. erectus, Western H. erectus (pooled African and Georgian specimens), and Homo habilis. Greatest contrast is with the Zhoukoudian maxillae, which appear to exhibit a derived pattern of premolar-molar relationships compared to Western and Sangiran H. erectus. The dental patterns suggest distinct demic origins for the earlier H. erectus populations represented at Sangiran and the later population represented at Zhoukoudian. These two east Asian populations, separated by 5000 km and nearly 800 k.yr., may have had separate origins from different African/west Eurasian populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Java 40132, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Yahdi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zaim
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ciochon
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Polanski
authors.forename: Frederick E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Grine
authors.forename: E Arthur
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bettis
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rizal
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Franciscus
authors.forename: Roy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Larick
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heizler
authors.lastname: Aswan
authors.forename: K Lindsay
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Eaves
authors.forename: Hannah E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002980:Climate; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007214:Indonesia; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010161:Paleodontology; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*