title: Decidual soluble factors participate in the control of HIV-1 infection at the maternofetal interface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternofetal transmission (MFT) of HIV-1 is relatively rare during the first trimester of pregnancy despite the permissivity of placental cells for cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. Invasive placental cells interact directly with decidual cells of the uterine mucosa during the first months of pregnancy, but the role of the decidua in the control of HIV-1 transmission is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that decidual mononuclear cells naturally produce low levels of IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ and CXCL-12 (SDF-1), and large amounts of CCL-2 (MCP1), CCL-3 (MIP-1α), CCL-4 (MIP-1β), CCL-5 (Rantes), CXCL-10 (IP-10), IL-6 and IL-8. CCL-3 and CCL-4 levels were significantly upregulated by in vitro infection with R5 HIV-1 but not X4. Decidual CD14+ antigen presenting cells were the main CCL-3 and CCL-4 producers among decidual leukocytes. R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection was inhibited by decidual cell culture supernatants in vitro. Using HIV-1 pseudotypes, we found that inhibition of the HIV-1 entry step was inhibited by decidual soluble factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that decidual innate immunity (soluble factors) is involved in the control of HIV-1 infection at the maternofetal interface. The decidua could thus serve as a mucosal model for identifying correlates of protection against HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Marie-Thérèse
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nugeyre
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duriez
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cannou
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Breton
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berkane
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barré-Sinoussi
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menu
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines