title: Oral administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interferon-α alleviates clinical signs caused by respiratory infection with avian influenza virus H9N2.
abstract: Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 has attracted considerable attention due to severe commercial losses in the poultry industry. Furthermore, avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2-infected chickens can be a reservoir for viral transmission to mammals including pigs and humans, complicating control of viral mutants. Chicken interferon-alpha (chIFN-α) may be useful as an exogenous antiviral agent to control AIV H9N2 infection. However, a superior vehicle for administration of chIFN-α is needed because of challenges of protein stability, production cost, and labor associated with mass administration. Presently, oral administration of single dose of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α alleviated clinical signs and histopathological changes caused by respiratory infection with AIV H9N2 and reduced the excretion of virus in cloacal swab samples. Similarly, chickens administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α showed inhibited replication of AIV H9N2 in several different tissues including trachea, lung, cecal tonsil, and brain. Furthermore, immune responses specific for challenged AIV H9N2 were enhanced in chickens administered S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α, as determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay of sera, proliferation and IFN-γ and interleukin-4 expression by AIV H9N2 antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and splenocytes. Therefore, oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIFN-α can successfully control clinical signs caused by respiratory infection with AIV H9N2, which provides valuable insight into the use of attenuated Salmonella vaccine as an oral delivery system of chIFN-α to prevent the replication of AIV H9N2 in respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Masudur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Erdenebileg
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uyangaa
authors.forename: Young Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seong Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Jin Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sang-Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bumseok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Koanhoi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong Kug
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Eo
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma