title: Evaluation and comparison of food records, recalls, and frequencies for energy and protein assessment by using recovery biomarkers.
abstract: The food frequency questionnaire approach to dietary assessment is ubiquitous in nutritional epidemiology research. Food records and recalls provide approaches that may also be adaptable for use in large epidemiologic cohorts, if warranted by better measurement properties. The authors collected (2007-2009) a 4-day food record, three 24-hour dietary recalls, and a food frequency questionnaire from 450 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative prospective cohort study (enrollment, 1994-1998), along with biomarkers of energy and protein consumption. Through comparison with biomarkers, the food record is shown to provide a stronger estimate of energy and protein than does the food frequency questionnaire, with 24-hour recalls mostly intermediate. Differences were smaller and nonsignificant for protein density. Food frequencies, records, and recalls were, respectively, able to "explain" 3.8%, 7.8%, and 2.8% of biomarker variation for energy; 8.4%, 22.6%, and 16.2% of biomarker variation for protein; and 6.5%, 11.0%, and 7.0% of biomarker variation for protein density. However, calibration equations that include body mass index, age, and ethnicity substantially improve these numbers to 41.7%, 44.7%, and 42.1% for energy; 20.3%, 32.7%, and 28.4% for protein; and 8.7%, 14.4%, and 10.4% for protein density. Calibration equations using any of the assessment procedures may yield suitable consumption estimates for epidemiologic study purposes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, P.O. Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. rprentic@whi.org
authors.forename: Ross L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mossavar-Rahmani
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Horn
authors.forename: Shirley A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: Bette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caan
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tinker
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schoeller
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ockene
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarto
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003903:Deuterium; D015930:Diet Records; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D003903:Deuterium