title: Effect of insecticides alone and in combination with fungicides on nitrification and phosphatase activity in two groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) soils.
abstract: The effect of selected pesticides, monocrotophos, chlorpyrifos alone and in combination with mancozeb and carbendazim, respectively, was tested on nitrification and phosphatase activity in two groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L.) soils. The oxidation of ammonical nitrogen was significantly enhanced under the impact of selected pesticides alone and in combinations at 2.5 kg ha(-1) in black soil, and furthermore, increase in concentration of pesticides decreased the rate of nitrification, whereas in the case of red soil, the nitrification was increased up to 5.0 kg ha(-1) after 4 weeks, and then decline phase was started gradually from 6 to 8 weeks of incubation. The activity of phosphatase was increased in soils, which received the monocrotophos alone and in combination with mancozeb up to 2.5 and 5.0 kg ha(-1), whereas the application of chlorpyrifos singly and in combination with carbendazim at 2.5 kg ha(-1) profoundly increased the phosphatase activity after 20 days of incubation, in both soils. But higher concentrations of pesticides were either innocuous or inhibitory to the phosphatase activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, 515055, India. mandalasrinivasulu@yahoo.in
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasulu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaffer Mohiddin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subramanyam
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rangaswamy
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000201:enzymology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D002219:Carbamates / Q000633:toxicity; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008344:Maneb / Q000633:toxicity; D058465:Nitrification; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D015038:Zineb / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002219:Carbamates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D008344:Maneb; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C006698:carbendazim; C013099:mancozeb; D015038:Zineb