title: Human primary bronchial epithelial cells respond differently to titanium dioxide nanoparticles than the lung epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B.
abstract: We have compared the cellular uptake and responses of five preparations of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) between normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and epithelial cell lines (A549 and BEAS-2B). The P25 nanoparticles, containing both anatase and rutile modifications, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 in all three cell types used. Pure anatase and rutile particles provoked differential IL-8 response in A549 and no response in BEAS-2B cells despite similar formation of ROS. The pure TiO(2) modifications also provoked release of the inflammatory mediators: IL-6, G-CSF and VEGF, in NHBE cells but not in the two cell lines. We conclude that the responsiveness of lung epithelial cells is strongly dependent on both the physicochemical properties of TiO(2) nanoparticles and the type of responder cells. The differential pro-inflammatory responsiveness of primary lung epithelial cells compared with immortalized cell lines should be considered in the assessment of adverse reactions to inhaled nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden. barbro.ekstrand-hammarstrom@foi.se
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ekstrand-Hammarström
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Akfur
authors.forename: Per Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lejon
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Osterlund
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bucht
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases