title: Immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Although several cytokines have shown antitumor activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most consistent results have been reported with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN). Recent insights into how the immune response to a tumor is regulated hold the promise of allowing patients to obtain a durable response to immunotherapy, perhaps without the significant toxicity associated with conventional approaches. This review describes how improvements in patient selection, combination therapy, and investigational agents might expand and better define the role of immunotherapy in metastatic RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jacalyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2