title: Electrogastrography abnormalities appear early in children with diabetes type 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate gastric myoelectrical activity in young patients with diabetes and to correlate it with their metabolic control [fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and fructosamine] and BMI during a 3 years follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface electrogastrography (EGG) was performed on 49 children with diabetes aged 10.3±4.4 (mean±SD) years and 17 age-matched healthy controls after fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, and fructosamine were measured. EGG parameters [percentage of bradygastria, 3 cycles per minute, tachygastria, dominant frequency instability coefficient, and power ratio] were analysed and compared with blood analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with diabetes exhibited an increase in preprandial bradygastria 7.9±8.8 cpm (mean±SD) compared with controls 2.1±1.0 (P=0.011), with an associated decrease in preprandial normogastria (72.2±14.5 vs. 82.7±14.7; P=0.013). Normogastric power ratio (postprandial/ preprandial power) was significantly increased in the children with diabetes compared with controls (mean: 6.67 vs. 3.14, P=0.034). A longer duration of diabetes was associated with an increased risk of EGG abnormalities (P=0.036). Marked hyperglycaemia at the time of study was associated with postprandial bradygastria (P=0.01) and power ratio bradygastria (P=0.042). Changes in glycosylated haemoglobin, fructosamine and BMI did not affect EGG parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGG abnormalities, presented early in a high proportion of diabetic children, are related to the acute hyperglycaemia. These abnormalities are not consistently present in the follow-up studies and not related to the glycosylated haemoglobin and fructosamine. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is therefore an unlikely pathogenic factor for EGG abnormalities in children with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Klara M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Posfay-Barbe
authors.forename: Keith J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: Valérie M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Schwitzgebel
authors.forename: Dominique C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: Michela G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schäppi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin