title: Control of messenger RNA fate by RNA-binding proteins: an emphasis on mammalian spermatogenesis.
abstract: Posttranscriptional status of messenger RNAs (mRNA) can be affected by many  factors, most of which are RNA-binding proteins (RBP) that either bind mRNA in  a nonspecific manner or through specific motifs, usually located in the  3' untranslated regions. RBPs can also be recruited by small noncoding  RNAs (sncRNA), which have been shown to be involved in posttranscriptional  regulations and transposon repression (eg, microRNAs or  P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNA) as components of  the sncRNA effector complex. Non-sncRNA-binding RBPs have much more  diverse effects on their target mRNAs. Some can cause degradation of their  target transcripts and/or repression of translation, whereas others can  stabilize and/or activate translation. The splicing and exportation of  transcripts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm are often mediated by  sequence-specific RBPs. The mechanisms by which RBPs regulate mRNA transcripts  involve manipulating the 3' poly(A) tail, targeting the transcript to  polysomes or to other ribonuclear protein particles, recruiting regulatory  proteins, or competing with other RBPs. Here, we briefly review the known  mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation mediated by RBPs, with an  emphasis on how these mechanisms might control spermatogenesis in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
authors.forename: R Keegan
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Idler
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D026723:Polyadenylation; D011132:Polyribosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D017381:Spliceosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins