title: Analysis of illicit cocaine and heroin samples seized in Luxembourg from 2005-2010.
abstract: This article discusses drug purity, frequency of appearance and concentration ranges of adulterants of 471 illicit cocaine and 962 illicit heroin samples seized in Luxembourg from January 2005 to December 2010. For cocaine samples the mean concentration was lowest in 2009 (43.2%) and highest in 2005 (54.7%) but no clear trend could be observed during the last 6 years. 14 different adulterants have been detected in cocaine samples, from which phenacetin has been the most abundant in terms of frequency of appearance and concentration until 2009. In 2010 the veterinary antihelminthic drug levamisole has become the most abundant adulterant detected in cocaine samples, its concentrations however remained low (1.5-4.1%). The mean heroin concentration was 26.6% in 2005, a decline has been observed in 2006 and the concentrations have been relatively stable since then (15.8-17.4%). Paracetamol and caffeine were by far the most abundant adulterants detected in heroin samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire National de Santé, Division de Toxicologie, Université du Luxembourg, 162a, avenue de la Faïencerie, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. serge.schneider@lns.etat.lu
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meys
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D053593:Forensic Toxicology / Q000379:methods; D003932:Heroin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry*; D008189:Luxembourg; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003932:Heroin; D003042:Cocaine