title: Intravitreal injection of commercially available ketorolac tromethamine in eyes with diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short-term effect of a single intravitreal injection of commercially available ketorolac tromethamine (KT) in eyes with diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective interventional case series. Twenty five patients with diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation received a single intravitreal injection of commercially available KT (Toradol®), in a dose of 3000 µg. Examination included assessment of ETDRS-best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurement of intraocular pressure and high resolution imaging by optical coherence tomography, preoperatively and 7, 15, and 30 days postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the follow up visits at 7, 15 and 30 days, BCVA had improved five or more letters in 20% (95% confidence interval, 7.7-38.9%), 16% (95% confidence interval, 5.3-34.2%) and 28% (95% confidence interval, 13.2-47.7%) respectively. An improvement in macular thickness was also observed, although it has not been statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study showed that a single intravitreal injection of 3000 µg of commercial KT led to a short-term improvement of visual acuity in approximately 30% of eyes with diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation.
authors.affiliation: Retina & Vitreous Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata Malvezzi
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Raul N G
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Gilberto Perez
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Andréia Veloso
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: de Magalhães
authors.forename: Miguel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Burnier
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine