title: Proteinuria in special populations: pregnant women and children.
abstract: Proteinuria is the hallmark of glomerular kidney disease. It is used diagnostically to follow disease progression and to determine response to therapy. Thus, it is necessary to have an understanding of the mechanisms of proteinuria and the limitations to its accurate assessment in special populations. In this article, we review 2 special populations--pregnant women and children--providing insight into their unique circumstances that require consideration when assessing proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Nephrology and Obstetrical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. michelle.hladunewich@sunnybrook.ca
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hladunewich
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors