title: Shigella are versatile mucosal pathogens that circumvent the host innate immune system.
abstract: The intestinal mucosa is equipped with multiple innate immune defense systems that sense bacterial infection, transmit alarm signals to the immune system, defeat intruding bacteria, and renew damaged and aging epithelial cells. Nevertheless, mucosal bacterial pathogens have versatile pathogenic mechanisms that modulate the host inflammatory and immune responses, manipulate host cell death and survival signal pathways, and renovate the injured epithelium. These properties enable pathogens to adapt to the intestinal mucosal environment, exploit cellular and immune functions, and facilitate infection. Here we review current topics on host defense mechanisms against bacterial infection and the countermeasures that Shigella use to evade the innate immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Michinaga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mimuro
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasakawa
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D001343:Autophagy; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000382:microbiology; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D058112:Septins / Q000502:physiology; D012760:Shigella / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D058112:Septins