title: The relationship between epicardial adipose tissue and malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis/calcification syndrome in ESRD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malnutrition, inflammation, atherosclerosis/calcification (MIAC) and endothelial dysfunction are the most commonly encountered risk factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in ESRD patients. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the true visceral fat depot of the heart. The relationship between CAD and EAT was shown in patients with high risk of coronary artery disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAT and MIAC syndrome in ESRD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty ESRD patients and 27 healthy subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional study. EAT and coronary artery calcification score were measured by a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner. Patients with serum albumin <3.5 mg/dl were defined as patients with malnutrition; those with serum C-reactive protein level >10 ng/dl (normal range, 0-5 ng/dl) had inflammation; and those with CACS >10 had atheroscleosis/calcification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total CACS and EAT measurements were significantly higher in ESRD patients when compared with healthy subjects. There was a statistically significant relationship between EAT and CACS in ESRD patients (r = 0.48). EAT measurements were higher in PD patients than HD patients. Twenty-four of the patients had no component, 31 had one component, 17 had two components, and nine had all of the MIAC components. EAT was found to be significantly increased when the presence of MIAC components increased. EAT was positively correlated with age, body mass index, and presence of MIAC. These parameters were also found as independent predictors of increased EAT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a relationship between EAT and components of MIAC syndrome in ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University Meram School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Konya, Turkey. mdkt2010@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kultigin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turkmen
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayikcioglu
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayrak
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samur
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anil
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeki Tonbul
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010496:Pericardium; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein