title: The post-treatment effects of enterobiasis on the occurrence of enuresis among children in Calabar, Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between enterobiasis and enuresis before and after albendazole therapy among 632 children, aged, 5-14 years, in Calabar, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The scotch tape (cellotape) technique was used for the detection of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) while questionnaire-based interviews were used for screening for anal itching and/or enuresis among study participants. All subjects found positive for Enterobius infection as confirmed by the presence of eggs and those with persistent anal itching (both enuretic and non-enuretic) were treated with 400 mg of albendazole given as a single dose. The treated subjects were re-assessed post-treatment to ascertain whether they were cured and also to determine their enuretic status (for the enuretics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalences of Enterobius infection, anal itching, and enuresis prior to albendazole therapy were 6.8%, 42.9%, and 35.6% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of these parameters by the socio-economic class of subjects (P = 0.462, P = 0.647, and P = 0.610, respectively). The pre-treatment prevalences of enuresis among Enterobius and anal itching-positive subjects were 53.5% and 49.8%, respectively versus 34.3% and 24.9%, respectively among their negative counterpart (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). Four (20%) out of the 20 enuretic children found Enterobius egg-negative after albendazole therapy were equally cured while 8(40%) had reduction of their enuresis, thus giving a total resolution rate of 60%. Similarly, 64.2% resolution (25% cure and 32.8% reduction) of enuresis was observed amongst 120 anal itching-cured/enuretic children. Enuretic status of the Enterobius-/anal itching-uncured subjects, on the other hand, remained unchanged post-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is suggestive of the involvement of E. vermicularis in the aetiology of enuresis in Calabar. Children presenting with, especially, uncomplicated enuresis should be screened for enterobiasis.
authors.affiliation: Medical Microbiology/Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Iquo B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Otu-Bassey
authors.forename: Monday F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Useh
authors.forename: Anyanwu A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alaribe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015766:Albendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017229:Enterobiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004757:Enterobius / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004775:Enuresis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D015766:Albendazole