title: Robotic mitral valve repair for all categories of leaflet prolapse: improving patient appeal and advancing standard of care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the early outcomes of robotic mitral valve (MV) repair using standard open techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 100 patients with severe mitral regurgitation due to leaflet prolapse who underwent robot-assisted MV repair using conventional open-repair techniques between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009, at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 53.9 years; 77 patients (77%) were male. Fifty-nine patients (59%) had posterior leaflet prolapse, 38 (38%) had bileaflet disease, and 3 (3%) had isolated anterior leaflet prolapse. Median cross-clamp and bypass times decreased significantly during the course of the study (P<.001). Median postoperative ventilation time was 0 hours for the last 25 patients, with most patients extubated in the operating room. No deaths occurred. Reexploration for postoperative bleeding occurred in 1 patient (1%); 3 patients (3%) required percutaneous coronary intervention. Median hospital stay was 3 days. One patient (1%) underwent mitral reoperation for annuloplasty band dehiscence. Residual regurgitation was mild or less in all patients at dismissal and 1 month postoperatively. Significant reverse remodeling occurred by 1 month, including decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (-7.2 mm; P<.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (-61.0 mL;P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robot-assisted MV repair using proven, conventional open-repair techniques is reproducible and safe and hastens recovery for all categories of leaflet prolapse. One month after surgery, significant regression in left ventricular size and volume is evident.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. suri.rakesh@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Rakesh M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Harold M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Kent H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rehfeldt
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enriquez-Sarano
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hartzell V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Schaff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography