title: Successful recruitment of healthy African American men to genomic studies from high-volume community health fairs: implications for future genomic research in minority populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Study of genomic data obtained from patient biospecimens is frequent in research of subjects with prostate and other epithelial malignancies. Understanding of the characteristics of healthy men who participate in genomic research is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were identified through the Prostate Cancer Genetic Risk Evaluation of SNPs Study and the Indiana University Cancer Biomarker Study, 2 population-based biomarker and cohort studies. Between 2006 and 2010, healthy Caucasian (n = 774) and healthy African American (n = 381) men were recruited and enrolled at high-volume free community health fairs. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire and provided a blood sample for genomic research investigations. Frequency differences between demographic features of healthy African American and Caucasian men were compared and analyzed by 2-sample t test and multivariate logistic regression after adjusting potential confounding variables with significance at the P < .05 level. Features examined included: age, body mass index (BMI), income, education, marital status, tobacco, alcohol, family history, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prior prostate cancer screening history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between healthy Caucasian and African American men participating in genomic research included: marital status (married, 69% Caucasian vs 46% African American, P< < .001), mean age (years, 58 Caucasian vs 54 African American, P < .001), mean BMI (kg/m(2), 30.9 Caucasian vs 32.3 African American, P = .004), annual income (P = .038), education (P = .002), and mean PSA (ng/mL, 1.2 Caucasian vs 2.0 African American, P = .005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant demographic differences exist between healthy Caucasian and African American men choosing to participate in genomic research. These differences may be important in designing genomic research study recruitment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Yash R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Magjuka
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Dropcho
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Marietta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: Rivienne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shedd-Steele
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Noah M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends*; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000639:trends*; D004522:Educational Status; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D056186:Metagenomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D018579:Patient Selection; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People