title: A single exposure to iron oxide nanoparticles attenuates antigen-specific antibody production and T-cell reactivity in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in clinical applications as a diagnostic contrasting agent. Previous studies showed that iron oxide nanoparticles deposited in the liver and spleen after systemic administration. The present study investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on antigen-specific immune responses in mice sensitized with the T cell-dependent antigen ovalbumin (OVA).
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were intravenously administered with a single dose of iron oxide nanoparticles (10-60 mg Fe/kg) 1 hour prior to OVA sensitization, and the serum antibody production and splenocyte reactivity were examined 7 days later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of OVA-specific IgG(1) and IgG(2a) were significantly attenuated by treatment with iron oxide nanoparticles. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 by splenocytes re-stimulated with OVA in culture was robustly suppressed in mice administered with iron oxide nanoparticles. The viability of OVA-stimulated splenocytes was also attenuated. In contrast, treatment with iron oxide nanoparticles did not affect the viability of splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, a T-cell mitogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these data indicate that systemic exposure to a single dose of iron oxide nanoparticles compromises subsequent antigen-specific immune reactions, including the serum production of antigen-specific antibodies, and the functionality of T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
authors.forename: Chien-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chia-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mei-Hsiu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Tong-Rong
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D003208:Concanavalin A; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin