title: Phosphide poisoning: a review of literature.
abstract: Metal phosphides in general and aluminium phosphide in particular are potent insecticides and rodenticides. These are commercially used for protection of crops during storage, as well as during transportation. However, these are highly toxic substances. Their detrimental effects may range from nausea and headache to renal failure and death. It is, therefore, pertinent to ensure their circumspect handling to avoid poisoning episodes. Its poisoning has a high mortality and recent years have seen an increase in the number of poisoning cases and deaths caused by suicidal ingestion. Yet due to their broad spectrum applications, these chemicals cannot be written off. The present communication reviews the various aspects of toxicity associated with metal phosphides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. bumbrah85@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gurvinder Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bumbrah
authors.forename: Kewal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishan
authors.forename: Tanuj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanchan
authors.forename: Madhulika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Gurvinder Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sodhi
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D002606:Charcoal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010720:Phosphines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000931:Antidotes; D010720:Phosphines; D012378:Rodenticides; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D002606:Charcoal; C001864:aluminum phosphide