title: Relationship of glycemia control to lipid and blood pressure lowering and atherosclerosis: the SANDS experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular disease prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes is accomplished through hypertension and dyslipidemia management. Although studies have established strategies for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure (BP), none have examined whether glycemia influences ability to achieve lipid and BP targets. This post hoc analysis from the Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study examines the role of baseline glycemia in achieving standard and aggressive targets and outcomes after 36 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic individuals aged > 40 years with no cardiovascular events (n = 499) were randomized to aggressive versus standard targets for LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and systolic BP (SBP). Management algorithms were used for both groups. Carotid ultrasound and echocardiography were performed at baseline and after 36 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed in baseline hemoglobin A1c between treatment groups nor any significant change in A1c after 36 months in either group. Baseline A1c, however, was significantly and negatively related to achieving LDL-C (P = .007), non-HDL-C (P = .03) and SBP targets (P = .007) and to changes in LDL-C (P = .007), non-HDL-C (P = .03) and SBP (P = .001) in both groups. Baseline A1c failed to predict progression of carotid intima medial thickness (CIMT) (P = .42) or left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (P = .10), nor was it related to the effects of lipid and BP lowering on CIMT and LVMI over 36 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In diabetic adults with no cardiovascular disease events, A1c was negatively associated with ability to achieve LDL-C, non-HDL-C and SBP goals but was not independently related to treatment-associated changes in CIMT or LVMI over 36 months.
authors.affiliation: MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
authors.forename: Mihriye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mete
authors.forename: Charlton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Elisa T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stylianou
authors.forename: Jason G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Umans
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wm J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: Barbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fleg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States; D016549:United States Indian Health Service
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human