title: Protective effect of embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. against transient global ischemia-induced brain damage in rats.
abstract: Embelia ribes is being used in Indian traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of mental disorders and as brain tonic. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of embelin from E. ribes on global ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats. Transient global ischemia was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. Neurological functions were measured using sensorimotor tests. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury was assessed by cerebral infarct area, biochemical and histopathological examination. Pretreatment of embelin (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased locomotor activity and hanging latency time and decreased beam walking latency when compared with ischemic control. The treatment also reduced significantly the lipid peroxidation and increased the total thiol content and glutathione-S-transferase activity in brain homogenates. The decreased cerebral infarction area in embelin-treated groups and histopathological observations confirmed the above findings. These observations suggested that embelin is a neuroprotective agent and may prove to be useful adjunct in the treatment of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India. t_swamy@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagakannan
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Shivasharan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahendran
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Veerapur
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badami
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D031645:Embelia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C010945:embelin