title: Identification of haptoglobin and apolipoprotein A-I as biomarkers for high altitude pulmonary edema.
abstract: We have investigated the plasma proteome using 2D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time of flight from patients with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). A complete proteomic analysis was performed on 20 patients with HAPE and ten healthy sea level controls. In total, we have identified 25 protein spots in human plasma and found that 14 of them showed altered changes in HAPE patients, which mainly were acute phase proteins (APPs), compliment components, and apolipoproteins among others. Among the APPs, haptoglobin α2 chain, haptoglobin β chain, transthyretin, and plasma retinol binding precursor showed overexpression in HAPE patients as compared to controls. To validate the result of proteomic analysis, two proteins were selected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analysis. Our data conclusively shows that two proteins, haptoglobin and apolipoprotein A-I are upregulated in plasma of HAPE patients. These proteins may provide a fast and effective control of inflammatory damage until the subsequent mechanisms can begin to operate. Taken together, our findings further support the hypothesis that inflammatory response system is linked to the pathophysiology of HAPE.
authors.affiliation: Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India. yasminchem@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Iti
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Narendra K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhargava
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000532:Altitude Sickness / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005590:Fractional Precipitation; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D006242:Haptoglobins; D020543:Proteome; D003165:Complement System Proteins