title: Clinical outcomes of mild hyperthermia for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this report was to determine the impact of hyperthermia (HT) on preoperative radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 2007, 235 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with concurrent preoperative radiochemotherapy with or without HT. The total dose of radiotherapy was 39.6 Gy for 109 patients (group A) and 45 Gy for 126 patients (group B). Two or three cycles of chemotherapy were administered. Hyperthermia was given immediately after radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HT subgroup of group A, more patients achieved down-staging of T stage when compared to the non-HT subgroup (57.9% versus 38%, p = 0.047). For the cN+ subgroup of all patients, the number of patients with ypN+ were significantly less in the HT subgroup (25% versus 50%, p = 0.022). In group A, HT appeared to reduce distant metastasis, increase disease-free survival, and improve overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HT seemed to increase the response of both primary tumour and lymph nodes to preoperative radiochemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The relationship between increased response by HT and survival should be confirmed by a large prospective randomised trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 317-1 Daemyeong-dong, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717 Republic of Korea. mkkang@ynu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Min Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Myung Se
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hwang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005472:Fluorouracil