title: Analysis of primary aromatic amines in the mainstream waterpipe smoke using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: In recent years waterpipe smoking has spread worldwide and emerged as global health issue. Yet only little is known on the composition of waterpipe smoke. Here, we present a study on the identification and quantification of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in this complex environmental matrix. Smoking of the waterpipe was conducted with a smoking machine and particulate matter was collected on glass fiber pads. We developed a fast, simple and specific liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to simultaneously detect 31 different PAAs in this matrix. The detection limits comprised a range of 0.45-4.50 ng per smoking session, represented by 2-aminobiphenyl and 3,4,5-trichloroaniline, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision were determined and proved excellent. We detected 31.3 ± 2.2 ng aniline and 28.0 ± 1.6 ng 4,4'-oxydianiline in the smoke of one waterpipe session. The water in the bowl exerted a small but considerable filter effect on PAAs. The method worked-out showed excellent sensitivity and specificity and is thus highly suited for the determination of PAAs in mainstream waterpipe smoke.
authors.affiliation: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Product Safety, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Jens.Schubert@bfr.bund.de
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kappenstein
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luch
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D012906:Smoke