title: C-terminal domain deletion enhances the protective activity of cpa/cpb loaded solid lipid nanoparticles against Leishmania major in BALB/c mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have demonstrated that vaccination with pDNA encoding cysteine proteinase Type II (CPA) and Type I (CPB) with its unusual C-terminal extension (CTE) can partially protect BALB/c mice against cutaneous leishmanial infection. Unfortunately, this protection is insufficient to completely control infection without booster injection. Furthermore, in developing vaccines for leishmaniasis, it is necessary to consider a proper adjuvant and/or delivery system to promote an antigen specific immune response. Solid lipid nanoparticles have found their way in drug delivery system development against intracellular infections and cancer, but not Leishmania DNA vaccination. Therefore, undefined effect of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLN) as an adjuvant in enhancing the immune response toward leishmanial antigens led us to refocus our vaccine development projects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three pDNAs encoding L. major cysteine proteinase type I and II (with or without CTE) were formulated by cSLN. BALB/c mice were immunized twice by 3-week interval, with cSLN-pcDNA-cpa/b, pcDNA-cpa/b, cSLN-pcDNA-cpa/b(-CTE), pcDNA-cpa/b(-CTE), cSLN, cSLN-pcDNA and PBS. Mice vaccinated with cSLN-pcDNA-cpa/b(-CTE) showed significantly higher levels of parasite inhibition related to protection with specific Th1 immune response development, compared to other groups. Parasite inhibition was determined by different techniques currently available in exploration vacciation efficacy, i.e., flowcytometry on footpad and lymph node, footpad caliper based measurements and imaging as well as lymph node microtitration assay. Among these techniques, lymph node flowcytometry was found to be the most rapid, sensitive and easily reproducible method for discrimination between the efficacy of vaccination strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report demonstrates cSLN's ability to boost immune response magnitude of cpa/cpb(-CTE) cocktail vaccination against leishmaniasis so that the average parasite inhibition percent could be increased significantly. Hence, cSLNs can be considered as suitable adjuvant and/or delivery systems for designing third generation cocktail vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Delaram
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Doroud
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zahedifard
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vatanara
authors.forename: Yasaman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taslimi
authors.forename: Rouholah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vahabpour
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torkashvand
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.forename: Abdolhossein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouholamini Najafabadi
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafati
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases