title: Pulmonary changes on high-resolution computed tomography of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their association with clinical, demographic, serological and therapeutic variables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extra-articular manifestations are found in up to 50% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of pulmonary changes on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in patients with RA and their association with demographic, clinical, serological and therapeutic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-one patients with RA were assessed regarding their age at RA onset, duration of disease, gender, tobacco use, presence of rheumatoid nodules, secondary Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid factor, presence of anti-CCP and antinuclear factor, respiratory complaints, use of medications, and pulmonary changes on HRCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRCT changes were identified in 55% of the patients, the most common being the presence of ground glass opacities, parenchymal bands, traction bronchiectasis, and honeycombing. None of the clinical variables studied associated with the HRCT findings, except for duration of the disease, which was longer in patients with pulmonary nodules and reticular lesions (ground-glass opacity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high prevalence of HRCT changes in patients with RA, which do not associate with clinical, serological, therapeutic and demographic variables, except for duration of disease.
authors.affiliation: Service of Rheumatology of the Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. tskare@onda.com.br
authors.forename: Thelma Larocca
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Skare
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Dante Luiz
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Escuissiato
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batistetti
authors.forename: Tales de Oliveira
authors.initials: Tde O
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Marília Barreto
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed