title: Multidrug resistance reversal effect of DMC derived from buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus in human hepatocellular tumor xenograft model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the chemotherapeutic treatment of many human cancers. 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry (Myrtaceae), was investigated for its reversal effects on cancer cell MDR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A human hepatocellular tumor xenograft model was established with the BEL-7402/5-FU cell line. Combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and DMC (40 mg kg(-1) ) treatment significantly elevated tumor inhibition rate to 72.2%. DMC could also increase 5-FU concentrations in tumor tissues and increase caspase-3 activity. Also, combined therapy resulted in enhanced tumor apoptotic and reduced proliferative activities relative to 5-FU alone. Examining body weight and other signs of unwanted toxicity of the different treatment groups revealed no significant signs of adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All results suggested that DMC reverses 5-FU resistance, with a benign side effects profile.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Hai-ya
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jiang-long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yan-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018519:Meristem; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D027822:Myrtaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C501649:2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053148:Caspase 3; D005472:Fluorouracil