title: Safety of deep sedation in an urban oral and maxillofacial surgery training program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the safety of deep sedation in an urban-based oral maxillofacial surgery training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of patients undergoing an intravenous sedation from January 2005 through December 2009 were reviewed. Data recorded included age, gender, type of procedures performed, and intravenous medications. Patients were divided in 2 groups depending on whether they received a general anesthetic agent (propofol or ketamine) or not. Anesthesia complications and failures were recorded and categorized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1,167 intravenous sedations were recorded. Eight patients developed adverse reactions, 3 of which required further evaluation in the emergency department. In addition, 7 intravenous sedations needed to be aborted because of patient agitation and combativeness. No deaths or long-term morbidities were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety of deep sedation in an urban-based oral maxillofacial training program is similar to office-based anesthesia. Sedations failures may be attributed to paradoxical benzodiazepine reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ, USA. braidyhf@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Hani F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Braidy
authors.forename: Prabhjot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Vincent B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Ziccardi
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003796:Dental Service, Hospital; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012449:Safety; D012737:Sex Factors; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000193:education; D019037:Urban Health Services; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol