title: Comparison of blood variables, fiber intensity, and muscle metabolites in hot-boned muscles from electrical- and gas-stunned broilers.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of gas stunning (GS) and electrical stunning (ES) on energy metabolism in Arbor Acres broilers. Thirty-six birds were slaughtered without stunning (control) or after stunning with the following treatments: 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G40%); 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2) (G60%); 35 V, 47 mA, 400 Hz (E35V); 50 V, 67 mA, 160 Hz (E50V); and 65 V, 86 mA, 1,000 Hz (E65V). Muscle samples were obtained from the pectoralis major (breast) and tibialis anterior (leg) muscles in ambient temperature within 45 min postmortem and stored at -80°C. Blood pH decreased consistently with GS (G40% and G60%) compared with ES and the control (P < 0.01). No consistent differences were observed between GS and ES in the plasma variables, glycolytic potential, adenosine phosphates, or fiber intensities. Plasma lactate increased with G40% and E35V (P < 0.05), whereas plasma uric acid and urea nitrogen increased with E35V (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Compared with the control, the intensity of type IIB fibers decreased in broilers stunned with E35V and E50V (P < 0.05) and glycolytic potential increased (P < 0.01) with G60% in the breast muscle and decreased (P < 0.01) in the leg muscle with all the stunning treatments except for E50V. Energy decreased (lower adenosine triphosphate, higher adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine monophosphate:adenosine triphosphate ratio, P < 0.05) in breast muscle with G40% compared with ES at high currents (E50V and E65V). However, the adenosine phosphates with GS were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from ES at low current (E35V) in either breast or leg muscle. In conclusion, no essential difference in energy metabolism was found in broilers stunned with ES and GS when ES was based on low current and high frequency and GS was based on hypercapnic moderate oxygenation. This study indicated that G40% was potentially a superior stunning variable.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004580:Electronarcosis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006019:Glycolysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide