title: CGS 21680, an agonist of the adenosine (A2A) receptor, decreases acute lung inflammation.
abstract: Adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists may be important regulators of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CGS 21680 (0.1mg/kgi.p.), an agonist of the adenosine (A(2A)) receptor, in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterised by: infiltration of neutrophils in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation, increased production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and platelet-adhesion molecule (P-selectin). Furthermore, carrageenan induced the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, the activation of poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP), as well as induced apoptosis (FAS-ligand expression, Bax and Bcl-2 expression) in the lung tissues. Administration of CGS 21680, 30 min prior to challenge with carrageenan, caused a significant reduction of all the parameters of inflammation measured. In addition, to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of CGS 21680, we have also evaluated the effects of CGS 21680 post-treatment (30 min after the challenge with carrageenan) and we have demonstrated that also it caused a reduction of neutrophil infiltration and the degree of lung injury. Thus, based on these findings we propose that adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists such as CGS 21680 may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy. danielaimp@hotmail.it
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzon
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paterniti
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melani
authors.forename: Placido
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bramanti
authors.forename: Felicita
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedata
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000009:adverse effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D016207:Cytokines; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D019007:P-Selectin; D010627:Phenethylamines; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D000241:Adenosine