title: Late onset of hepatitis B virus reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: successful treatment with combined entecavir plus tenofovir therapy.
abstract: Prophylaxis with lamivudine (LAM) is recommended for hepatitis B core antibody-positive allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, but the optimal timing for the institution and duration of the prophylaxis is still unknown. Furthermore, considering the high rate of mortality associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R), the most potent and long-term effective antiviral regimen should be considered. We report here a case of late onset of HBV-R after a long-term prophylaxis with LAM in a patient who underwent HSCT for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and who was successfully treated with a combination antiviral regimen including entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy. laura.milazzo@unimi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milazzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbellino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foschi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dodero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzocchi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Montefusco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zehender
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Antinori
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017668:Age of Onset; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; C413685:entecavir; D006147:Guanine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine