title: Passive smoking and behavioural problems in children: results from the LISAplus prospective birth cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association between pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke and child behavioural problems and to further investigate the influence of trimester-specific exposure to maternal smoking and the impact of paternal smoking at home on the same outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 3097 German children recruited at birth for a population-based, prospective study were used. Detailed information on children's tobacco smoke exposure was collected by self-administered questionnaires at each follow-up. Behavioural outcomes were measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire applied at 10-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home showed increased risks of hyperactivity/inattention problems. Only smoking during the entire pregnancy increased the risk for conduct and hyperactivity/inattention problems (proportional odds ratio (pOR)=1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.37 and pOR=1.67, CI=1.03-2.72). Pre- and postnatal exposure to paternal smoking was associated with hyperactivity/inattention problems in children of non-smoking mothers (pOR=1.97, CI=1.06-3.65). Effect estimates were adjusted for study centre, sex, parental educational level, mother's age at birth, having a single parent and time spent in front of a screen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only maternal smoking during pregnancy but also paternal smoking at home should be considered as a risk for hyperactivity/inattention problems in children.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carla M T
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tiesler
authors.forename: Chih-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sausenthaler
authors.forename: Olf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Herbarth
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Kries
authors.forename: H-Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution