title: MDMA: interactions with other psychoactive drugs.
abstract: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is one of the most widely abused illegal drugs. Some users self-report euphoria and an increased perception and feeling of closeness to others. When taken in warm environments, MDMA users may develop acute complications with potential fatal consequences. In rodents, MDMA increases locomotor activity and, depending on ambient temperature, may produce a dose-dependent, potentially lethal hyperthermia. Like most other recreational drugs, MDMA is frequently taken in combination with other substances including tobacco, EtOH, marijuana, amphetamines, cocaine and, caffeine. Although polydrug use is very common, the understanding of the effects of this multiple substance use, as well as the analysis of consequences of different drug-drug associations, received rather little attention. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about the changes on MDMA-related behavior, pharmacology, and neurotoxicity associated with co-consumption of other drugs of abuse and psychoactive agents.
authors.affiliation: Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Neuroscience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Wael M Y
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben Hamida
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Anne Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Byron C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002188:Cannabis; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D006213:Hallucinogens; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D002110:Caffeine; D000431:Ethanol; D009538:Nicotine; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine