title: Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of new generation endodontic materials established by using primary osteoblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Generex A and Generex B (calcium silicate based), Capasio (calcium-phospho-alumino silicate based) along with Ceramicrete-D (magnesium phosphate based) are being introduced as a new generation of endodontic materials with the potential to facilitate bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of these new materials by using primary osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary osteoblasts were prepared from rat calvaria and exposed to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Generex A, Generex B, Capasio, and Ceramicrete-D prepared to standardized size and shape (n = 5). Trypan blue staining was used to evaluate cell viability from 1-6 days. Mineralization potential was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy for the presence of mineralized nodules. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only Generex A and MTA allowed cell growth and proliferation throughout the experiment. There were statistically significant differences between groups throughout the experiment beginning on day 1. The greatest amount of cell growth was consistently observed with Generex A and MTA. There was no difference in mineralized nodule formation between any test materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generex A was the only new generation endodontic material that supported primary osteoblast growth; no material besides MTA facilitated nodule formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jelani T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.forename: Emet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.forename: Claudia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lynne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Opperman
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D008422:Materials Testing; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D014074:Tooth Calcification / Q000187:drug effects; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C550707:capasio; C526968:ceramicrete; C550708:generex-A; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate