title: Family history of diabetes and effectiveness of lifestyle counselling on the cardio-metabolic risk profile in individuals at high risk of Type 2 diabetes: 1-year follow-up of the FIN-D2D project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a positive family history of diabetes is associated with the effectiveness of lifestyle counselling on cardio-metabolic risk factors and glucose tolerance status in a 1-year follow-up in a cohort of Finnish men and women at high risk for Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, 10,149 individuals who had high risk of Type 2 diabetes participated in the implementation programme of the national diabetes prevention programme at baseline. One-year follow-up data were available for 2798 individuals without diabetes. Family history of diabetes was based on self-report. Lifestyle interventions were individual or groups sessions on lifestyle changes. The effectiveness of lifestyle intervention was measured as changes in cardiovascular risk factors, glucose tolerance status and incidence of Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family history was associated with the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in men, but not in women. During the 1-year follow-up, body weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and score for 10-year risk for fatal cardiovascular disease (SCORE) decreased and glucose tolerance status improved more in men without a family history of diabetes than in men with a family history of diabetes. Of the participating men and women, 10% and 5% developed Type 2 diabetes, respectively. Family history was not related to the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in either gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men without a family history of diabetes were more successful in responding to lifestyle counselling with regard to cardio-metabolic measurements and glucose tolerance than those with a family history of diabetes. Similar results were not seen in women. In keeping with findings from earlier studies, the prevention of Type 2 diabetes is not influenced by a family history of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland. nina.rautio@oulu.fi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rautio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jokelainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saaristo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puolijoki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhala
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uusitupa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003376:Counseling; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult