title: Future directions in renal cell carcinoma: 2011 and beyond.
abstract: Emerging from a largely cytokine-based era, the last several years have witnessed a dramatic change in the therapeutic landscape of renal cancer. Molecularly targeted and antiangiogenic agents now form the backbone of most therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although the next few years may not see such broad paradigm shifts, there remains significant room for improvement in the care of patients with RCC. This review discusses challenges that face physicians and researchers as well as innovations that may contribute to improving the therapeutic outcomes for patients with RCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. dcho1@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Atkins
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases