title: The effects of 595- and 1,064-nm lasers on rooster comb blood vessels using dual-wavelength and multipulse techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After laser irradiation, hemoglobin can transform into methemoglobin and coagulum, which have high absorptivity of near-infrared light. Sequential irradiation with 595 nm and 1,064 nm may be more effective than single wavelength to decrease residual vessel number in rooster combs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six protocols (single pulse with 595 nm, double pulse with 595 nm, single pulse with 1,064 nm, double pulse with 1,064 nm, sequential irradiation with 595 nm and 1,064 nm (multiplex), and a blank control group) were used to compare the effects of sequential and single-wavelength irradiation on reducing residual vessel number, as well as the epidermal side effects, in the rooster comb. Different treatment techniques were applied to the same comb, at the same time. The treated areas of the epidermis and the residual vessels were observed using an optical microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five techniques were effective in decreasing the number of residual vessels in the comb, and the side effects on the epidermis were similar for all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the selectivity of the 595-nm laser and the rich melanin in the human epidermis, the dual-wavelength laser has a distinct advantage in treating vascular lesions. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xuebao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Honggui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Zhanchao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002645:Chickens; D003129:Comb and Wattles / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004817:Epidermis / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D054025:Lasers, Dye; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D008297:Male; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology