title: Perception of budgetary control: a study of differences across managers in Swedish public primary healthcare related to professional background and sex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The composition of managers in Swedish public primary care centres has changed since the mid-1990s, favouring nurses and female managers. In parallel, health-care professionals have become more involved in the management structure and many have experienced an increased demand for cost containment. There is limited empirical evidence about how managers with different professional backgrounds perceive tight budgetary control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether perceptions of tight budgetary control across managers in Swedish public primary care are related to personal characteristics such as professional background and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire measuring perception of tight budgetary control was administered to all (636) identified managers in Swedish public primary care centres (response rate was 59%). Differences between groups were analysed through logistic regression and factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses and other non-physicians perceived the budgetary control to be tighter than did physicians and female physicians perceived the budgetary control to be tighter than did male physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that nurses were more committed to the budgetary control system and county council objectives than physicians. The impact of these differences are uncertain, however, nurses' capacity to influence primary care services may be more limited compared with physicians because of their lower professional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Business Administration, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. pia.nylinder@fek.lu.se
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nylinder
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002017:Budgets; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D058007:Physicians, Primary Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000523:psychology; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017150:Public Sector / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden