title: Determination of eight illegal drugs in human urine by combination of magnetic solid-phase extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis.
abstract: Using magnetite/silica/poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (Fe(3)O(4)/SiO(2)/poly(MAA-co-EDMA)) magnetic microspheres, a rapid and high-throughput magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with capillary zone electrophoresis (MSPE-CZE) method was developed for the determination of illegal drugs (ketamine, amphetamines, opiates, and metabolites). The MSPE of target analytes could be completed within 2 min, and the eight target analytes could be baseline separated within 15 min by CZE with 30 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 2.0) containing 15% v/v ACN as background electrolyte. Furthermore, hydrodynamic injection with field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) was employed to enhance the sensitivity of this MSPE-CZE method. Under such optimal conditions, the limits of detection for the eight target analytes ranged from 0.015 to 0.105 μg/mL. The application feasibility of MSPE-CZE in illegal drugs monitoring was demonstrated by analyzing urine samples, and the recoveries of target drugs for the spiked sample ranging from 85.4 to 110.1%. The method reproducibility was tested by evaluating the intra- and interday precisions, and relative standard deviations of <10.3 and 12.4%, respectively, were obtained. To increase throughput of the analysis, a home-made MSPE array that has potential application to the treatment of 96 samples simultaneously was used.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Luan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yu-Qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D003061:Codeine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D008863:Microspheres; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C030613:polymethacrylic acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D007649:Ketamine; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003061:Codeine; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide