title: [The effect of different concentrations of fluoride on the expression of Smad2/3 in ameloblast of rat incisor].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of different concentrations of fluoride on the expression of Smad2/3 which is a specific intracellular signal transduction molecule of TGF-β, and to explore the mechanism of dental fluorosis in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.HE and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the changes of the ameloblasts and the expression of Smad2/3 in rat incisors. MetaMorph microscope images analysis system and SPSS12.0 software package were used to analyze the images and data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Typical symptoms of dental fluorosis were found in the fluoride group. The expression of Smad2/3 in the ameloblasts in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01); but the difference was not significant between the low-dose group and high-dose group(P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By inhibiting the expression of Smad2/3 in ameloblasts, fluoride affects the differentiation and development of enamel,leading to the occurrence of dental fluorosis in rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology,China Medical University.Shenyang 110002;Liaoning Province, China. tskqzxl@163.com
authors.forename: Xue-li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shu-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Guang-yan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000565:Ameloblasts; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003743:Dental Enamel; D005459:Fluorides; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental; D007180:Incisor; D010710:Phosphates; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051900:Smad3 Protein
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497784:Smad2 protein, rat; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; C012980:fluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides