title: Transpupillary thermotherapy for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: clinical profile and treatment outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the outcome of treating circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) using transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).
  
  
  METHODS
  An infrared diode laser was used at 810 nm with a median spot size of 2.5 mm, power of 550 mW, and duration of 6.5 minutes; the median number of sittings was two. TTT spared the center of the macula when CCH involved the fovea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 36 years (range: 13 to 63 years). CCH was subfoveal in 37.5% of the eyes and exudative retinal detachment was evident in all eyes. The tumor dimensions included thickness (median: 4.05 mm; range: 2.2 to 9.1 mm), horizontal diameter (median: 11 mm; range: 6 to 17.7 mm), and vertical diameter (median: 9.4 mm; range: 5.9 to 15.8 mm). After TTT, visual acuity improved in 44%, was maintained in 37%, and worsened in 19% of eyes. Likewise, tumor regression was achieved in thickness, vertical, and horizontal diameter in proportion of 20%, 15%, and 11%, respectively. The exudative retinal detachment resolved in 94% of eyes at the last follow-up. The median follow-up was 9.5 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macula-sparing TTT was effective in causing regression of CCH and resorption of associated exudative retinal detachment, and helped in preserving or improving vision in 81% of treated eyes.
authors.affiliation: Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Tamil Nadu, India. drtaruns@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Tandava
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Lingam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khetan
authors.forename: Pukhraj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rishi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult