title: Response surface analysis of nano-ureases from Canavalia ensiformis and Cajanus cajan.
abstract: Ureases isolated from leguminous sources, Canavalia ensiformis and Cajanus cajan were immobilized onto gold nanoparticles (nano-ureases). Optimization of the urease immobilization was carried using response surface methodology based on Central Composite Design. Immobilization efficiency of nano-urease from C. ensiformis and C. cajan were found to be 215.10% and 255.92%, respectively. The methodology adopted has deviation of 2.56% and 3.01% with respect to experimental values in case of C. ensiformis and C. cajan, respectively. Nano-urease from C. cajan has broad physico-chemical parameters with pH optimum from 7.1 to 7.3 and temperature optimum from 50 to 70°C. Nano-urease from C. ensiformis has sharp pH and temperature optima at 7.3 and 70°C, respectively. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy has revealed involvement of groups viz. amino, glycosyl moiety, etc. in urease immobilization onto gold nano-particles. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs revealed that arrangement of urease onto gold nano-particles from C. ensiformis was uniform while it was localized in case of C. cajan. Nano-urease from C. ensiformis has higher specificity and catalysis toward urea as compared to nano-urease from C. cajan. Nano-ureases from both sources are equally stable for 6 months under dried conditions and can be used for 10 washes.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwevedi
authors.forename: Satya Brata
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Routh
authors.forename: Amit Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Ashwani Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Onkar Nath
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Arvind M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kayastha
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D036561:Cajanus / Q000201:enzymology*; D032449:Canavalia / Q000201:enzymology*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D059027:Recycling; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014510:Urease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006046:Gold; D014510:Urease