title: NOD2, an intracellular innate immune sensor involved in host defense and Crohn's disease.
abstract: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular sensor for small peptides derived from the bacterial cell wall component, peptidoglycan. Recent studies have uncovered unexpected functions of NOD2 in innate immune responses such as induction of type I interferon and facilitation of autophagy; moreover, they have disclosed extensive cross-talk between NOD2 and Toll-like receptors, which has an indispensable role both in host defense against microbial infection and in the development of autoimmunity. Of particular interest, polymorphisms of CARD15 encoding NOD2 are associated with Crohn's disease and other autoimmune states such as graft vs. host disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding normal functions of NOD2 and discuss the mechanisms by which NOD2 polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease lead to intestinal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Host Defenses, Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Wstrober@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Strober
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2