title: ANAMMOX process start up and stabilization with an anaerobic seed in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR).
abstract: ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation (ANAMMOX) process, an advanced biological nitrogen removal alternative to traditional nitrification--denitrification removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The feasibility of enriching anammox bacteria from anaerobic seed culture to start up an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for N-removal is reported in this paper. The Anammox activity was established in the AnMBR with anaerobic digester seed culture from a Sewage Treatment Plant in batch mode with recirculation followed by semi continuous process and continuous modes of operation. The AnMBR performance under varying Nitrogen Loading Rates (NLR) and HRTs is reported for a year, in terms of nitrogen transformations to ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate along with hydrazine and hydroxylamine. Interestingly ANAMMOX process was evident from simultaneous Amm-N and nitrite reduction, consistent nitrate production, hydrazine and hydroxylamine presence, notable organic load reduction and bicarbonate consumption.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India. sundar.suneethi@gmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suneethi
authors.forename: Kurian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joseph
mesh_terms: D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D058440:Denitrification; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D019811:Hydroxylamine / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D006834:Hydrazines; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C029424:hydrazine; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D009584:Nitrogen