title: Weight distribution symmetry during the sit-to-stand movement of unilateral transtibial amputees.
abstract: This study characterises weight distribution symmetry between the intact and amputated limbs of unilateral transtibial amputees during a sit-to-stand movement. A total of 12 amputees and 12 age-matched, non-amputees performed the activity for two conditions - rising with and without chair arm-rest assistance. The sit-to-stand movement was divided into five events: Pre-Ascent; Ascent Initiation; Seat-Off; Deceleration; Standing. Symmetry in ground reaction forces between limbs was calculated at each event together with the rise time. Results indicate that during the course of the movement, amputees increased loading of the intact limb by approximately 27%, resulting in a significant asymmetry at seat-off and deceleration events. Non-amputees loaded the dominant limb more than the non-dominant limb throughout the activity but did not exhibit substantial weight shifts. Weight distribution symmetry was not significantly different between the two rising conditions in either population. Amputees had significantly longer rise times than non-amputees only while rising without arm-rest assistance. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Sit-to-stand movements are performed frequently every day. Incorrect movement biomechanics caused by musculoskeletal impairments can lead to reduced functional independence and secondary co-morbidities. This study defines five events of a sit-to-stand cycle and is the first to address asymmetries of transtibial amputees, providing ergonomic insights for clinical assessment and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Functional Outcomes Research & Evaluation Center (FORE Center), Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA. Vibhor@umail.miami.edu
authors.forename: Vibhor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gailey
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gaunaurd
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gailey
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Toole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D016474:Weight-Bearing