title: Ischemic stroke and cancer: stroke severely impacts cancer patients, while cancer increases the number of strokes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer and ischemic stroke are two of the most common causes of death among the elderly, and associations between them have been reported. However, the main pathomechanisms of stroke in cancer patients are not well known, and can only be established based on accurate knowledge of the characteristics of cancer-related strokes. We review herein recent studies concerning the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of patients with cancer-related stroke.
  This review covers the epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and acute and preventive treatments for cancer-related stroke. First, the characteristics of stroke (clinical and radiological features) and systemic cancer (type and extent) in patients with cancer-specific stroke are discussed. Second, the role of laboratory tests in the early identification of patients with cancer-specific stroke is discussed. Specifically, serum D-dimer levels (as a marker of a hypercoagulable state) and embolic signals on transcranial Doppler (suggestive of embolic origin) may provide clues regarding changes in the levels of coagulopathy related to cancer and anticoagulation. Finally, strategies for stroke treatment in cancer patients are discussed, emphasizing the importance of preventive strategies (i.e., the use of anticoagulants) over acute revascularization therapy in cancer-related stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent studies have revealed that the characteristics of cancer-related stroke are distinct from those of conventional stroke. Our understanding of the characteristics of cancer-related stroke is essential to the correct management of these patients. The studies presented in this review highlight the importance of a personalized approach in treating stroke patients with cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. nmboy@unitel.co.kr
authors.forename: Oh Young
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Jin Myoung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.forename: Seon Gyeong
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hahn Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pil-Wook
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kwang-Yeol
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gyeong-Moon
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chin-Sang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kwang Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee