title: Radiocarbon (14C) diurnal variations in fine particles at sites downwind from Tokyo, Japan in summer.
abstract: The radiocarbon ((14)C) of total carbon (TC) in atmospheric fine particles was measured at 6 h or 12 h intervals at two sites, 50 and 100 km downwind from Tokyo, Japan (Kisai and Maebashi) in summer 2007. The percent modern carbon (pMC) showed clear diurnal variations with minimums in the daytime. The mean pMC values at Maebashi were 28 ± 7 in the daytime and 45 ± 16 at night (37 ± 15 for the overall period). Those at Kisai were 26 ± 9 in the daytime and 44 ± 8 at night (37 ± 12 for the overall period). This data indicates that fossil sources were major contributors to the daytime TC, while fossil and modern sources had comparable contributions to nighttime TC in the suburban areas. At both sites, the concentration of fossil carbon as well as O(3) and the estimated secondary organic carbon increased in the daytime. These results suggest that fossil sources around Tokyo contributed significantly to the high daytime concentration of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) at the two suburban sites. A comparison of pMC and the ratio of elemental carbon/TC from our particulate samples with those from three end-member sources corroborates the dominant role of fossil SOA in the daytime.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan. fushimi.akihiro@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fushimi
authors.forename: Rota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagai
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005580:Fossils; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D014041:Tokyo
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone; D002244:Carbon