title: Impact of consumption of vegetable, fruit, grain, and high glycemic index foods on aggressive prostate cancer risk.
abstract: Prostate cancer is a common but complex disease, and distinguishing modifiable risk factors such as diet for more aggressive disease is extremely important. Previous work has detected intriguing associations between vegetable, fruit, and grains and more aggressive prostate cancer, although these remain somewhat unclear. Here we further investigate such potential relationships with a case-control study of 982 men (470 more aggressive prostate cancer cases and 512 control subjects). Comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of intake, we found that increasing intakes of leafy vegetables were inversely associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.96; P trend = 0.02], as was higher consumption of high carotenoid vegetables (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.04; P trend = 0.04). Conversely, increased consumption of high glycemic index foods were positively associated with risk of aggressive disease (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.57; P trend = 0.02). These results were driven by a number of specific foods within the food groups. Our findings support the hypothesis that diets high in vegetables and low in high glycemic index foods decrease risk of aggressive prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158-9001, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardin
authors.forename: Iona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002338:Carotenoids; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004032:Diet; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005638:Fruit; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids