title: Functional connectivity of the striatum links motivation to action control in humans.
abstract: Motivation improves the efficiency of intentional behavior, but how this performance modulation is instantiated in the human brain remains unclear. We used a reward-cued antisaccade paradigm to investigate how motivational goals (the expectation of a reward for good performance) modulate patterns of neural activation and functional connectivity to improve preparation for antisaccade performance. Behaviorally, subjects performed better (faster and more accurate antisaccades) when they knew they would be rewarded for good performance. Reward anticipation was associated with increased activation in the ventral and dorsal striatum, and cortical oculomotor regions. Functional connectivity between the caudate nucleus and cortical oculomotor control structures predicted individual differences in the behavioral benefit of reward anticipation. We conclude that although both dorsal and ventral striatal circuitry are involved in the anticipation of reward, only the dorsal striatum and its connected cortical network is involved in the direct modulation of oculomotor behavior by motivational incentive.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Center for Study of Adaptive Control in Brain and Behavior (Acacia), Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Helga A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Harsay
authors.forename: Michael X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Nikolaas N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Oosterhof
authors.forename: Birte U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Forstmann
authors.forename: Rogier B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mars
authors.forename: K Richard
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ridderinkhof
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time; D012201:Reward; D012691:Serial Learning / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen