title: [Pierre Robin Sequence: interdisciplinary treatment after prenatal diagnosis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is characterised by mandibular micrognathia and/or retrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction (UAO). In severe cases, UAO and cyanosis occur immediately after birth and endoscopic intubation may become necessary. Therefore, prenatal diagnosis with referral to a specialized department is important.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-invasive interdisciplinary treatment protocol is presented. The postnatal adjustment of the preepiglottic baton plate (PEBP) as early as possible is essential in this concept.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised cross-over trial with 11 patients with isolated PRS, the PEBP was found to reduce the apnoea index significantly and to be superior to a conventional palatal plate. An uncontrolled longitudinal study indicated that the UAO had normalised 3 months after discharge; all infants showed adequate weight gain with bottle feeding. In a comparative study with 34 healthy children and 34 children with isolated PRS, no significant differences in cognitive outcome was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interdisciplinary co-operation between prenatal care, neonatology and orthodontics is a pre-requisite for optimal postnatal therapy. Complications of UAO can be avoided by early and adequate treatment, resulting in good results for feeding, speech and facial profile. Invasive surgical treatment options like tongue-lip-adhesion, mandibular extension or distraction should be obsolete.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für kindliche Fehlbildungen im Kiefer- und Gesichtsbereich, Tübingen.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: K-O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Kagan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchenau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arand
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Poets
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome