title: Foramen ovale electrodes in the evaluation of epilepsy surgery: conventional and unconventional uses.
abstract: Foramen ovale (FO) electrodes have been used in the evaluation of epilepsy surgery for more than 25 years. Their traditional application was in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Due in part to advances in neuroimaging, their use has declined. We describe our cumulative experience with FO electrodes and use examples to illustrate a range of indications for FO recordings that extend beyond their conventional utility for mesial temporal lobe cases. We also summarize the pros and cons of FO electrodes implantation and attempt to reestablish their utility in presurgical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ikarakis@partners.org
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karakis
authors.forename: Naymee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Velez-Ruiz
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pathmanathan
authors.forename: Sameer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.forename: Emad N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Eskandar
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D054085:Foramen Ovale / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult