title: Effect of the influenza A (H1N1) live attenuated intranasal vaccine on nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and other volatiles in exhaled breath.
abstract: For the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, vaccination and infection control were the main modes of prevention. A live attenuated H1N1 vaccine mimics natural infection and works by evoking a host immune response, but currently there are no easy methods to measure such a response. To determine if an immune response could be measured in exhaled breath, exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and other exhaled breath volatiles using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) were measured before and daily for seven days after administering the H1N1 2009 monovalent live intranasal vaccine (FluMist®, MedImmune LLC) in nine healthy healthcare workers (age 35 ± 7 years; five females). On day 3 after H1N1 FluMist® administration there were increases in FE(NO) (MEAN±SEM: day 0 15 ± 3 ppb, day 3 19 ± 3 ppb; p < 0.001) and breath isoprene (MEAN±SEM: day 0 59 ± 15 ppb, day 3 99 ± 17 ppb; p = 0.02). MS analysis identified the greatest number of changes in exhaled breath on day 3 with 137 product ion masses that changed from baseline. The exhaled breath changes on day 3 after H1N1 vaccination may reflect the underlying host immune response. However, further work to elucidate the sources of the exhaled breath changes is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology/Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mashir
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Paschke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Duin
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laskowski
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Storer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yen-Lieberman
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aytekin
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dweik
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods*; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D009569:Nitric Oxide