title: Delivering more with less? Making the NHS Health Check work in financially hard times: real time learning from Stoke-on-Trent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The NHS Health Check Programme presents the opportunity to reduce death and ill health caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Owing to the current restructuring of health care in the UK, financial resources will in future be limited. It is important to develop cost-effective ways of delivering this programme. There are practical alternatives to strategies that advocate using existing data to pre-stratify patients and prioritise those aged between 50 and 74 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on patients eligible for a health check were retrospectively collected from two early implementer practice teams. The characteristics of attenders and non-attenders, such as demographic factors, consulting behaviour, clinical measures and lifestyle measures, were collected. Costs of two approaches to delivery (drop-in clinic with choice of booked appointment versus booked appointment alone) were compiled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly half of all patients had accessed their GP or practice nurse with four or more appointments in the 12 months prior to their health check. There remained a margin of error between estimated CVD risk (calculated prior to the health check by the practice, using existing information) and actual CVD risk (calculated after a health check had been completed). Drop-in clinics with choice of booked appointment cost half the price of offering patients the option of booked appointments alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost-effectiveness of drop-in clinics was achieved by a reduction in staffing costs through intensively offering health checks; this approach provides a practical solution to maintaining a population-wide approach. Using existing data to pre-stratify patients is dependent on the quality and completeness of data used to estimate CVD risk. Concentrating efforts on 50 to 74 year olds may improve sensitivity to detect CVD but would reduce the chance of engaging with patients about their health at an earlier stage. Offering health checks opportunistically and using existing data no older than 12 months to complete a health check provide the potential for further cost savings.
authors.affiliation: NHS Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, UK. jagdish.kumar@stoke.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mawby
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Picariello
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D057172:Economic Recession; D005260:Female; D006292:Health Priorities / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D006113:United Kingdom