title: Protein-bound polysaccharide from Phellinus linteus inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis and alters Wnt/β-catenin in SW480 human colon cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polysaccharides extracted from the Phellinus linteus (PL) mushroom are known to possess anti-tumor effects. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-tumor properties of PL remain to be explored. Experiments were carried out to unravel the anticancer effects of PL.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-cancer effects of PL were examined in SW480 colon cancer cells by evaluating cell proliferation, invasion and matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP) activity. The anti-angiogenic effects of PL were examined by assessing human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and capillary tube formation. The in vivo effect of PL was evaluated in an athymic nude mouse SW480 tumor engraft model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PL (125-1000 μg/mL) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and decreased β-catenin expression in SW480 cells. Expression of cyclin D1, one of the downstream-regulated genes of β-catenin, and T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription activity were also significantly reduced by PL treatment. PL inhibited in vitro invasion and motility as well as the activity of MMP-9. In addition, PL treatment inhibited HUVEC proliferation and capillary tube formation. Tumor growth of SW480 cells implanted into nude mice was significantly decreased as a consequence of PL treatment, and tumor tissues from treated animals showed an increase in the apoptotic index and a decrease in β-catenin expression. Moreover, the proliferation index and microvessel density were significantly decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that PL suppresses tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis through the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in certain colon cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Sub
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jong-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kaipeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Tae-Dong
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jae-Kuk
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hae-Duck
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byung-Doo
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Wan-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000084682:Phellinus; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C526145:Phellinus linteus extract; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D019938:Cyclin D1