title: Biomarkers in laryngeal dysplasia: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prediction of which laryngeal dysplasia cases will progress to cancer is poorly achieved. The differential expression of biomarkers in dysplastic and cancerous lesions may help to improve this.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a systematic review of laryngeal dysplasia biomarkers. Risk ratios were calculated for each biomarker. Individual study data were pooled only for the biomarker p53.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 286 potential studies were identified; 9 met the inclusion criteria with 13 biomarkers assessed. Relative risks ranged from 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10, 3.75) for mdm2 to 84.55 (95% CI 5.30, 1348.56) for Cortactin. A meta-analysis of studies using p53 failed to show this biomarker having a significant predictive ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently there is no good evidence for the use of biomarkers in predicting the future behavior of laryngeal dysplastic lesions. Only 3 studies showed statistically significant results. Better reporting of studies using the REMARK (REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies) consensus guidelines should help to improve this in the future.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nankivell
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McConkey
authors.forename: Vinidh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paleri
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mehanna
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor