title: Metabolomics in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR): urine reveals markers of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: To date, we have little knowledge on the overall metabolic status of neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In the last few years, the analysis of metabolomics has assumed an important clinical role in identifying "disorders" in the metabolic profile of patients. The aim of this work has been to analyze the urine metabolic profiles of neonates with IUGR and compare them with controls to define the metabolic patterns associated with this pathology. To our knowledge, this is the first study of metabolomics performed on neonates with IUGR. Recruited for the study were 26 neonates with IUGR diagnosed in the neonatal period and with weight at birth below the 10th percentile and 30 neonates of proper gestational weight at birth (controls). In the first 24 hours (prior to feeding) (T1) and about 4 days after birth (T2), a urine sample was taken non-invasively from each neonate. The samples were then frozen at -80°C up to the time of the analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The data contained in the NMR spectra obtained from the single samples were statistically analyzed using the Principal Components Analysis and the Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis. By means of a multivariate analysis of the NMR spectra obtained, it was possible to highlight the differences between the two groups (IUGRs and controls) owing to the presence of different metabolic patterns. The discriminants in the urine metabolic profiles derived essentially from significant differences in certain metabolites such as: myo-inositol, sarcosine, creatine and creatinine. The metabolomic analysis showed different urine metabolic profiles between neonates with IUGR and controls and made it possible to identify the molecules responsible for such differences.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dessì
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atzori
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Gerard Hille Adriaan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gazzolo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanardo
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barberini
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puddu
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ottonello
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atzei
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Magistris
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lussu
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murgia
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fanos
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers