title: Developmental and behavioral disorders through the life span.
abstract: Developmental and behavioral disorders including intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are highly prevalent, chronic health conditions. Despite being versed in caring for children with these conditions, pediatricians might be less prepared for challenging questions from families about the long-term course of these conditions and what can be done to improve outcomes. Through this state-of-the-art review, we provide clinicians with an understanding of the course of these conditions and adult outcomes in several areas including vocational, social, and health domains. We also provide a review of the most current research examining factors that predict or mediate adult outcomes for people with intellectual disability, learning disabilities, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. On the basis of the current literature, we offer practice recommendations aimed at optimizing adult outcomes for those with these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. david.stein@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Barbaresi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational / Q000639:trends*; D012931:Social Environment