title: Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies in high-risk renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The standard of care for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is surgical resection as a monotherapy or as part of a multimodal approach. A significant number of patients undergoing surgery for localized RCC experience recurrence, suggesting that there are some individuals in whom surgical excision is necessary but insufficient because of the presence of micrometastatic disease at diagnosis. This review summarizes current algorithms used to identify patients at high risk for disease recurrence following the surgical resection of RCC, the outcomes of contemporary adjuvant systemic therapy trials, and the rationale supporting the use of neoadjuvant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Smaldone
authors.forename: Chunkit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Uzzo
authors.forename: Naomi B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012307:Risk Factors