title: Hysteroscopic tubal catheterization under laparoscopy for proximal tubal obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the fertility outcomes of infertile patients having proximal tubal obstruction treated with hysteroscopic tubal catheterization (HCT) for recanalization under diagnostic laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to December 2008, diagnostic laparoscopy was used to assess the tubal status of 61 patients with unilateral or bilateral proximal tubal obstruction, as confirmed by hysterosalpingography. Among them, 35 patients with tubal obstruction confirmed by chromopertubation under laparoscopy subsequently underwent HCT. The pregnancy outcomes and success rates of recanalization were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 35 patients with confirmed tubal obstruction, HCT was performed in 54 fallopian tubes. The success rate of recanalization was 25.9% (14/54) per tube and 37.1% (13/35) per patient. Of the patients in whom tubal patency was restored, 4 achieved pregnancy, including 1 tubal pregnancy and 1 miscarriage. Among the 61 patients, excluding 14 who underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) after laparoscopy, 13 were pregnant (27.7%), 9 gave live births, 1 had tubal pregnancy, and 3 had miscarriages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCT under laparoscopy is an option for couples with tubal infertility who do not prefer IVF-ET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. f041252@eve.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mekaru
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Kozue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asato
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masamoto
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakumoto
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002404:Catheterization; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005186:Fallopian Tube Patency Tests; D005187:Fallopian Tubes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D055815:Young Adult