title: A lyophilized red grape pomace containing proanthocyanidin-rich dietary fiber induces genetic and metabolic alterations in colon mucosa of female C57BL/6J mice.
abstract: Diet plays a decisive role in promoting or preventing colon cancer. However, the specific effects of some nutrients remain unclear. The capacity of fruit and vegetables to prevent cancer has been associated with their fiber and antioxidant composition. We investigated whether consumption of a lyophilized red grape pomace containing proanthocyanidin-rich dietary fiber (grape antioxidant dietary fiber, GADF) by female C57BL/6J mice would affect the serum metabolic profile or colon mucosa gene expression using NMR techniques and DNA microarray, respectively. The mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups that for 2 wk consumed a standard rodent diet and were gavaged with 100 mg/kg body weight GADF suspended in water or an equivalent volume of plain tap water (10 mL/kg body weight). The amount of fiber supplemented was calculated to equal the current recommended daily levels of fiber consumption for humans. The inclusion of dietary GADF induced alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes as well as the modulation of genes from pathways, including lipid biosynthesis, energy metabolism, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Overexpression of enzymes pertaining to the xenobiotic detoxifying system and endogenous antioxidant cell defenses was also observed. In summary, the genetic and metabolic profiles induced by GADF were consistent with the preventive effects of fiber and polyphenols. On the basis of these observations, we propose that GADF may contribute to reducing the risk of colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute from Universitat de Barcelona, and Associated Unit with CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Daneida
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lizarraga
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vinardell
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noé
authors.forename: Joost H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Delft
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alcarraz-Vizán
authors.forename: Simone G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: van Breda
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: Ulrich L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carrigan
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ciudad
authors.forename: Josep L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cascante
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D044945:Proanthocyanidins