title: Associations between parental educational/occupational levels and cognitive performance in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA study.
abstract: We examined the associations between parental educational/occupational levels and cognitive performance in Spanish adolescents. Cognitive performance was measured by a validated Scholar Aptitudes test in 2,162 participants. Parental educational and occupational levels were positively associated with all specific cognitive abilities and the overall score (p&lt;001 to .04). The odds ratios of having a high cognitive performance (top quartile) in adolescents with high parental educational level were 1.6 to 1.7 times higher than for those with a low parental educational level. Similarly, the odds ratios were 1.9 to 2.4 times higher for adolescents with high parental occupational level. These findings suggest an association between parental educational/occupational levels and cognitive performance in Spanish adolescents and support the parents' role in the creation of a stimulating intellectual environment.
authors.affiliation: University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. ruthcastillo@uma.es
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Palma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chillón
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Pavón
authors.forename: Ligia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esperanza-Díaz
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Francisco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003071:Cognition; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010290:Parents; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D013030:Spain