title: Multiple insecticide resistance/susceptibility status of Culex quinquefasciatus, principal vector of bancroftian filariasis from filaria endemic areas of northern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the insecticide resistance status of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) (Cx. Quinquefasciatus) to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, DDT and malathion in filarial endemic areas of Uttar Pradesh, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insecticide susceptibility assays were performed on wild-caught adult female Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to deltamethrin (0.05%), cyfluthrin (0.15%), permethrin (0.75%), lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%), malathion (5.0%) and DDT (4.0%), the discriminating doses recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus is highly resistant to DDT and malathion; the mortality was 28.33% and 27.5%, respectively and incipient resistance to synthetic pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, permethrin, and lambdacyhalothrin), where mortality ranged from 95.83% in permethrin to 98.33% in cyfluthrin and lambdacyhalothrin. Knockdown times (KDT(50)) in response to synthetic pyrethroids varied significantly between different insecticides (P<0.01) from 31.480 min for permethrin to 21.650 for cyfluthrin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presents here provide the status report of the insecticide resistance/susceptibility of Cx. quinquefasciatus in major filaria endemic areas of northern India.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Entomology and Vector Management, National Centre for Diseases Control, 22-Shamnath Marg, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Kaushal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Abhay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Manas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex; D005260:Female; D005368:Filariasis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009032:Mosquito Control; D014958:Wuchereria bancrofti
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides