title: Characterization of Kupffer cells in livers of developing mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kupffer cells are well known macrophages of the liver, however, the developmental characteristics of Kupffer cells in mice are not well understood. To clarify this matter, the characteristics of Kupffer macrophages in normal developing mouse liver were studied using light microscopy and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections of liver tissue from early postnatal mice were prepared using immunocytochemical techniques. The Kupffer cells were identified by their immunoreactivity to the F4/80 antibody, whereas endothelial cells were labelled with the CD-34 antibody. In addition, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells were labelled by systemically injected fluorescently labelled latex microspheres. Tissue slices were examined by fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravenous or intraperitonal injections of microspheres yielded similar patterns of liver cell labelling. The F4/80 positive Kupffer cells were labelled with both large (0.2 μm) and small (0.02 μm) diameter microspheres, while endothelial cells were labelled only with the smaller diameter microspheres. Microsphere labelling of Kupffer cells appeared stable for at least 6 weeks. Cells immunoreactive for F4/80 were identified as early as postnatal day 0, and these cells also displayed uptake of microspheres. Numbers of F4/80 Kupffer cells, relative to numbers of albumin positive hepatocytes, did not show a significant trend over the first 2 postnatal weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kupffer cells of the developing mouse liver appear quite similar to those of other mammalian species, confirming that the mouse presents a useful animal model for studies of liver macrophage developmental structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine CA, USA. rtrobert@uci.edu.
authors.forename: Bryan G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Monica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Janie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Baratta
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Longmuir
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Robertson