title: Effect of NaF and TiF(4) varnish and solution on bovine dentin erosion plus abrasion in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of TiF(4) compared to NaF varnishes and solutions, to protect against dentin erosion associated with abrasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine dentin specimens were pre-treated with NaF-Duraphat (2.26% F), NaF/CaF(2)-Duofluorid (5.63% F), experimental-NaF (2.45% F), experimental-TiF(4) (2.45% F) and placebo varnishes; NaF (2.26% F) and TiF(4) (2.45% F) solutions. Controls remained untreated. The erosive pH cycling was performed using a soft drink (pH 2.6) 4 × 90 s/day and the toothbrushing-abrasion 2 × 10 s/day, in vitro for 5 days. Between the challenges, the specimens were exposed to artificial saliva. Dentin tissue loss was measured profilometrically (μm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANOVA/Tukey's test showed that all fluoridated varnishes (Duraphat, 7.5 ± 1.1; Duofluorid, 6.8 ± 1.1; NaF, 7.2 ± 1.9; TiF(4), 6.5 ± 1.0) were able to significantly reduce dentin tissue loss (40.7% reduction compared to control) when compared to placebo varnish (11.2 ± 1.3), control (11.8 ± 1.7) and fluoridated (NaF, 9.9 ± 1.8; TiF(4), 10.3 ± 2.1) solutions (p < 0.0001), which in turn did not significantly differ from each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All fluoridated varnishes, but not the solutions, had a similar performance and a good potential to reduce dentin tissue loss under mild erosive and abrasive conditions in vitro. Risk patients for erosion and abrasion, especially those with exposed dentin, should benefit from this clinical preventive measure. Further research has to confirm this promising result in the clinical situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo–Bauru, SP, Brazil. acm@usp.br
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Flávia Mauad
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Fábio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rizzante
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Marília Afonso Rabelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Buzalaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010150:Paint; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012996:Solutions; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D012996:Solutions; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides; C032240:titanium tetrafluoride