title: Anterior cervical microdiscectomy: is bone grafting and in-situ fusion with instrumentation required?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anterior cervical microdiscectomy is a procedure commonly performed for degenerative cervical spine disease. However, there is still controversy regarding whether a bone graft with rigid instrument fixation is necessary following single- or two-level discectomy. We review the results of surgery in 120 patients following anterior cervical microdiscectomy without fixation over the last 22 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior cervical microdiscectomy was performed in 120 patients using the Smith-Robinson approach in those with definite MRI evidence of radicular or spinal cord compression by 'soft' or 'hard' disc protrusions. Bone grafting and instrumentation was not done in any of the patients because there was no demonstrable instability of the cervical spine on radiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 100 cases operated by the first author, 95 patients had significant improvement in their symptoms and all returned to their normal employment. Four patients required repeat surgery with bone grafting and instrumentation. Of the 20 cases operated by the second author, 19 patients had significant improvement in their symptoms and returned to normal activities. One patient required repeat surgery for a residual disc causing brachalgia. Thus, only 3.3% of the patients required bone grafting with instrumentation for segmental kyphosis and resultant radiculopathy. The remaining patients were significantly improved, and during the follow-up period over 22 years have not developed recurrences or worsening of symptoms even though bone grafting and instrumentation was not done.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior cervical microdiscectomy without bone grafting and instrumentation is a safe and effective procedure following single- and two-level discectomy for cervical disc disease, with a success rate of 97.7%. Bone grafting and instrumentation in every case following anterior cervical microdiscectomy is questionable and should only be used in a few selected cases with demonstrated instability.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sheth
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Patankar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000209:etiology; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000601:surgery*; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult