title: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-browning activities of hot water extracts of oriental herbal teas.
abstract: Traditionally, antioxidants are used to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful by-products of aerobic metabolism. Inulae Flos, Horsetail, Chinese Leucas, Broomweed and Indian Wikstroemia are five herbal teas commonly consumed by Asians. Our aim was to investigate the hot water extracts of these five herbal teas for their total phenolics/flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities. Furthermore, with inflammation and hyper-pigmentation considered as two biological processes associated with elevated cellular oxidative stress, Inulae Flos water extract was chosen for further evaluation of its inhibitory effects on the production of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators (such as, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in RAW 264.7 cells and its anti-tyrosinase activity. Our findings suggest that Inulae Flos might be an alternative source as a potential antioxidant, and a noteworthy inhibitor of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it could also serve as a potential natural food additive to prevent browning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan. lw25@ncnu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Li-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Amily Fang-Ju
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jou
authors.forename: Si-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chia-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: Chih-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Nien-Chu
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Ja-An Annie
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001628:Beverages; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020829:Equisetum / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D032365:Wikstroemia / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C082161:lipopolysaccharide A; D014867:Water; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; C017616:phenolic acid