title: Efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene for treatment and control of induced infestations of brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs.
abstract: Four laboratory studies were conducted to demonstrate that a single topical dose of a novel spot-on combination containing fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene (CERTIFECT™, Merial Limited, GA, USA) is efficacious against the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In each study, 6-8 male and 6-8 female purpose-bred, laboratory mongrels, terrier cross or Beagles were randomly assigned to one of two study groups (treated and untreated), based on pre-treatment parasite counts. Starting on the day before treatment, each dog was infested weekly with 50 ticks. Ticks were thumb counted at various time points after treatment and weekly infestations starting as early as 6h and continued at 12, 18 and 24h depending on the study. Ticks were removed and counted at 48 h after treatment and weekly infestations. CERTIFECT provided rapid and excellent control of pre-existing and newly acquired infestations of R. sanguineus with efficacy as high as 93% within the first 12h after a single topical treatment. Excellent control (>96%) of R. sanguineus as early as 18 h, following post treatment infestations was maintained for at least 35 days.
authors.affiliation: Merial Limited, Fulton, MO, USA. james.hunter@merial.com
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baggott
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Josephus J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: Luiz G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Collidor
authors.forename: Yasmina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mallouk
authors.forename: Lorne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prullage
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008726:Methoprene / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013019:South Africa; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014052:Toluidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014052:Toluidines; C014983:amitraz; D008726:Methoprene; C082360:fipronil