title: The sesquiterpene botrydial produced by Botrytis cinerea induces the hypersensitive response on plant tissues and its action is modulated by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling.
abstract: Botrytis cinerea, as a necrotrophic fungus, kills host tissues and feeds on the remains. This fungus is able to induce the hypersensitive response (HR) on its hosts, thus taking advantage on the host's defense machinery for generating necrotic tissues. However, the identity of HR effectors produced by B. cinerea is not clear. The aim of this work was to determine whether botrydial, a phytotoxic sesquiterpene produced by B. cinerea, is able to induce the HR on plant hosts, using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. Botrydial induced the expression of the HR marker HSR3, callose deposition, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and phenolic compounds. Botrydial also induced the expression of PR1 and PDF1.2, two pathogenesis-related proteins involved in defense responses regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. A. thaliana and tobacco plants defective in SA signaling were more resistant to botrydial than wild-type plants, as opposed to A. thaliana plants defective in JA signaling, which were more sensitive. It can be concluded that botrydial induces the HR on its hosts and its effects are modulated by host signaling pathways mediated by SA and JA.
authors.affiliation: IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina.
authors.forename: Franco Rubén
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gárriz
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marina
authors.forename: Fernando Matías
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: María Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Isidro González
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Collado
authors.forename: Fernando Luis
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Pieckenstain
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020171:Botrytis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C432873:botrydial; C011006:jasmonic acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid