title: Comparison of MR and contrast venography of the cervical venous system in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MRV has been proposed as a possible screening method to identify chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, which may play a role in MS. We report our initial experience comparing MRV and CV in MS patients to evaluate venous stenosis and collateral venous drainage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-of-flight and time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics MRV and CV were performed in 39 MS patients. The presence and severity of both IJ vein caliber changes and non-IJ collaterals were graded by using a 4-point scale by 2 radiologists in an independent and blinded manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both studies frequently showed venous abnormalities, most commonly IJ flattening at the C1 level and in the lower neck. There was moderate-to-good agreement between the modalities (κ = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45%-0.65%). For collaterals, agreement was only fair (κ = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.09%-0.50%). The prevalence of IJ segments graded mild or worse on CV was 54%. If CV was considered a standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MRV was 0.79 (0.71-0.86) and 0.76 (0.67-0.83), respectively. Degree of stenosis was related to the severity of collaterals for CV but not for MRV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IJ caliber changes were seen in characteristic locations on both MRV and CV in MS patients. Agreement between modalities was higher for stenosis than for collaterals. If CV is considered a standard, MRV performance is good but may require additional improvement before MRV can be used for screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, California, USA. gregz@stanford.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaharchuk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Fischbein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Herfkens
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009333:Neck; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult