title: Simulation of flow field during irrigation/aspiration in phacoemulsification using computational fluid dynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide the details of the flow field in the anterior chamber during irrigation/aspiration (I/A) in phacoemulsification using computational fluid-dynamics methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Dr. Khodadoust Eye Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, and Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Theoretical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-dimensional model for the irrigating cannula, anterior chamber, capsular bag, and aspiration cannula was developed. The corresponding mathematic equations were solved numerically, and the details of the flow field were evaluated. The simulation was performed for coaxial and bimanual I/A systems with various flow rates. The pressure flow rate curve was evaluated, and the possibility of an unstable anterior chamber in different cases was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of flow turbulence on the corneal endothelium were lower for the coaxial handpiece. That is, inner placement of irrigation cannula tip lowered the effect of turbulence on the cornea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of the fluid dynamics of I/A using computational fluid dynamics provided details that cannot be obtained with the available experimental and analytic methods.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. abouali@shirazu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abouali
authors.forename: Dariush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bayatpour
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaffariyeh
authors.forename: Goodarz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000378:metabolism*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004322:Drainage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011312:Pressure; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; C030660:BSS solution; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008903:Minerals; D012965:Sodium Chloride