title: A short review on creatine-creatine kinase system in relation to cancer and some experimental results on creatine as adjuvant in cancer therapy.
abstract: The creatine/creatine kinase (CK) system plays a key role in cellular energy buffering and transport. In vertebrates, CK has four isoforms expressed in a tissue-specific manner. In the process of creatine biosynthesis several other important metabolites are formed. The anticancer effect of creatine had been reported in the past, and recent literature has reported low creatine content in several types of malignant cells. Furthermore, creatine can protect cardiac mitochondria from the deleterious effects of some anticancer compounds. Previous work from our laboratory showed progressive decrease of phosphocreatine, creatine and CK upon transformation of skeletal muscle into sarcoma. It was convincingly demonstrated that prominent expression of creatine-synthesizing enzymes L-arginine: glycine amidinotransferase and N-guanidinoacetate methyltransferase occurs in sarcoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma 180 cells; whereas, both these enzymes are virtually undetectable in skeletal muscle. Creatine transporter also remained unaltered in malignant cells. The anticancer effect of methylglyoxal had been known for a long time. The present work shows that this anticancer effect of methylglyoxal is significantly augmented in presence of creatine. On creatine supplementation the effect of methylglyoxal plus ascorbic acid was further augmented and there was no visible sign of tumor. Moreover, creatine and CK, which were very low in sarcoma tissue, were significantly elevated with the concomitant regression of tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Soumya Sinha
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Soumen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bera
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Dipa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talukdar
authors.forename: Subhankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wallimann
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000579:Amidinotransferases; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D050937:Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D051379:Mice; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C080679:creatine transporter; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D050937:Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase; D000579:Amidinotransferases; C020681:glycine amidinotransferase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D003401:Creatine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid