title: Widespread and prolonged increase in (R)-(11)C-PK11195 binding after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Our objective was to measure (R)-(11)C-PK11195 binding as an indirect marker of neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic (R)-(11)C-PK11195 PET scans were acquired for 8 patients 6 mo after TBI and for 7 age-matched healthy controls. (R)-(11)C-PK11195 binding was assessed using the simplified reference tissue model. Because of widespread traumatic changes in TBI, an anatomic reference region could not be defined. Therefore, supervised cluster analysis was used to generate an appropriate reference tissue input.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased whole-brain binding of (R)-(11)C-PK11195 was observed in TBI patients. Regional analysis indicated that increased (R)-(11)C-PK11195 binding was widespread over the brain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six months after TBI, there was a prolonged and widespread increase in (R)-(11)C-PK11195 binding, which is indicative of diffuse neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. hedy.folkersma@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Hedy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Folkersma
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boellaard
authors.forename: Maqsood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaqub
authors.forename: Reina W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kloet
authors.forename: Albert D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Windhorst
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lammertsma
authors.forename: W Peter
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Vandertop
authors.forename: Bart N M
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: van Berckel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007546:Isoquinolines; C037850:PK 11195