title: Functional variants of IL4 and IL6 genes and risk of tobacco-related oral carcinoma in high-risk Asian Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers involving Indian males. We assessed the association of IL4 promoter -589 T>C, -33 T>C, and IL6-174 G>C functional genetic polymorphisms with tobacco-related OSCC in Asian Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IL4 and IL6 promoter polymorphisms were assessed in 140 patients with OSCC and 120 normal subjects by PCR-RFLP technique, and significance of the data was determined using chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of TC, CC genotype, and C allele at IL4 promoter sites -589 and -33 were higher in patients when compared with controls. Consequently, TC/CC genotypes and C allele at both sites appeared as susceptible. However, IL6-174 G>C single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) appeared to be protective in patients with OSCC. Of eight haplotypes, five were associated with two- to seven-fold increased risk of tobacco-related OSCC. These SNPs further showed heterogeneity among different ethnic population, but their distribution in Asian Indians stand closer to other Asian populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, IL4-589 CC, -33 CC genotype, and *C allele at both sites appeared to be susceptible, while IL6-174 CC genotype and *C allele appeared to be protective in patients with OSCC; hence, these SNPs may be a potential prognostic markers for tobacco-related OSCC in Asian Indians.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biotechnology Radiation Oncology, BRA-IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Bk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mohanti
authors.forename: Sn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003596:Cytosine; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006147:Guanine; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013941:Thymine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D015847:Interleukin-4; D006147:Guanine; D003596:Cytosine; D013941:Thymine