title: Blood vitamin levels in dogs with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may affect excretion and metabolism of vitamins but data for dogs are limited. In this study, blood vitamin levels were investigated in 19 dogs with chronic renal failure. High performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherol, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, ascorbic acid and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations, whereas cobalamin, folate, biotin and pantothenic acid were measured by microbiological methods. Levels of retinol, retinyl palmitate, ascorbic acid, and vitamins B1, B2 and B6 were increased compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with CKD showed decreased concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and folate. Alpha-tocopherol, biotin, pantothenate and cobalamin levels were not significantly different between controls and dogs with CKD. Whether lower vitamin D and folate concentrations in dogs with CKD justify supplementation has to be evaluated in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galler
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krammer-Lukas
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Höller
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thalhammer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zentek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004224:Diterpenes; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000097:blood; D013831:Thiamine / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000097:blood; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D002112:Calcifediol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D012256:Riboflavin; D013831:Thiamine