title: Serum proteomic analysis revealed diagnostic value of hemoglobin for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The two linked studies presented herein aimed to identify and verify new biomarkers for NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, 70 serum samples were analyzed using proteomics approaches to identify potential biomarkers for NAFLD. Second, a total of 6944 initial NAFLD-free subjects were followed up for 3 years to evaluate the predictive value of hemoglobin for NAFLD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first study, 20 differentially expressed protein peaks (11 up-regulated and nine down-regulated) were observed in NAFLD patients upon comparison to the controls. With the aid of bioinformatic tools, we established a biomarker pattern for NAFLD with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 83%. Further analysis suggested a protein peak to be hemoglobin subunit alpha. In the second study, prospective analysis showed that subjects with higher baseline hemoglobin levels were associated with higher incidence of NAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the age, gender, and body mass index adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for subjects with baseline hemoglobin level in quintile 2, 3, 4, and 5 vs. quintile 1 was 1.36 (1.02-1.81), 1.66 (1.23-2.25), 1.76 (1.28-2.41), and 1.83 (1.33-2.53), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that serum hemoglobin may have significant predictive value for NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Chaohui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chengfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jiekai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Youming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D020543:Proteome