title: Associated congenital anomalies between neonates with short-gap and long-gap esophageal atresia: a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predicting the presence of long-gap esophageal atresia (EA) prior to the surgery is of clinical importance. No comparison between short-gap and long-gap EA for the prevalence of VACTERL and non-VACTERL-type anomalies has yet been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare VACTERL and non-VACTERL-type anomalies between patients with short-gap and long-gap EA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively, medical records of all newborns managed for EA/tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in Tabriz Children's Hospital and Tehran Mofid Hospital between 2007 and 2010 were evaluated. Demographic data and associated anomalies including both the VACTERL and non-VACTERL-type defects were listed. The VACTERL spectrum defects covered vertebral/costal, anorectal, cardiovascular, TEF, and renal- or radial-type limb anomalies. The non-VACTERL-type anomalies included hydrocephalus, orofacial defects, respiratory system anomalies, gastrointestinal anomalies, genital anomalies, and non-VACTERL limb defects. Demographic data, and the VACTERL and non-VACTERL-type anomalies were compared among children with long-gap EA and those with short-gap EA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and seventy-six children were included in the study: 230 (83.3%) in the short-gap EA group and 46 (16.7%) in the long-gap EA group. Although prevalence of the VACTERL spectrum anomalies did not differ between the two groups, the non-VACTERL anomaly was more common in the long-gap EA group (P = 0.02). Among the VACTERL-type defects, TEF was detected in 30 (65.2%) and 218 (94.7%) patients in long-gap and short-gap EA groups, respectively (P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The non-VACTERL-type anomalies, but not the VACTERL spectrum defects, are more frequent in patients with long-gap EA than those with short-gap EA.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz;
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aslanabadi
authors.forename: Kamyar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghabili
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rouzrokh
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jamshidi
authors.forename: Farzad Hami
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Adl
authors.forename: Mohammadali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shoja