title: Toxicity of Hydnora johannis Becca. dried roots and ethanol extract in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hydnora johannis Becca. (Hydnoraceae) commonly is used for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhoea, cholera and swelling tonsillitis in the folk medicine of Sudan and other African countries. This study evaluates the toxicological effects of Hydnora johannis roots on Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomized into control, groups fed with 2, 10, 20% of dried roots for 8 weeks and other groups given ethanol extract (50, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) through oral and intramuscularly administration for 2 weeks. Toxicity was evaluated using biochemical and histopathological assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alterations in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and urea were observed. Histopathological analysis revealed that the toxic effect were mainly on the liver, kidney and spleen on all treated groups. However, the impact of the dried roots was mild compared to the ethanol extract. Remarkably, there was a drop in cholesterol level in all treatment groups suggesting the antiartherogenic effect of Hydnora johannis roots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this study suggest that the powder preparation as well as ethanolic extract of Hydnora johannis roots induced toxic effect on Wistar rats. The observed toxic effect might be due to the dose and/or frequency of administration. Although in traditional medicine the extract is administrated in low dose, the results suggest the necessity of standardization of the drug.
authors.affiliation: Groupe S.U.C.R.E.S., UMR 7565 CNRS-Nancy-Université, BP 239,54506 Nancy-Vandoeuvre, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: E H Abdel
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Gadir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chapleur
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laurain-Mattar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D026321:Piperaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D018517:Plant Roots; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D014508:Urea; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase