title: No change of sleep after 6 and 12 months of methadone maintenance treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) affects sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed up the sleep pattern of 23 opiate addicts when admitted to MMT and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, pain self-report questionnaires, urine for drug abuse, and one-night sleep polysomnography were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline sleep indices (sleep time [5.5 ± 1.1 hours], sleep efficiency [80.6% ± 10.5%], rapid eye movement [REM] stage percent of sleep [14.3% ± 8.4%], percent of non-REM stage 3-4 [6.7% ± 8.6%], and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scores [11.4 ± 4.8]) did not change at 6 and 12 months. Proportion of patients with absent non-REM stage 3-4 reduced (47.8%, 34.8%, 13%, P = 0.03), and mean REM density increased (P = 0.04). Body mass index increased (24 ± 4.2 kg/m, 25.7 ± 4 kg/m, 27.1 ± 4.8 kg/m, P < 0.0005) with no change in the rate of benzodiazepine abuse or chronic pain. No patient had central sleep apnea. The Respiratory Disturbance Index (apnea or hypopnea numbers/sleep hr) increased among 5 patients who increased ≥25% of their entry weight (3.4 ± 4.1, 11.8 ± 10.1, 29.6 ± 30.4 Respiratory Disturbance Index's) but not with the other 18 (3.9 ± 4.8, 6.2 ± 6.2, 7.8 ± 7.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that MMT did not negatively affect the opiate addicts' baseline poor perceived and objective sleep. Only extensive weight gain (evident in a minority of patients) was associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. einatp@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Einat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peles
authors.forename: Shaul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Rachel Bar
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hamburger
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000187:drug effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008691:Methadone