title: The indirect effect of contextual factors on the emotional distress of infertile couples.
abstract: Few studies were dedicated to study the role of contextual factors, such as the socioeconomic status and urban or rural residence in emotional distress of infertile couples. This study aimed to explore the impact of contextual factors on emotional distress, either directly or by affecting the importance of parenthood in one's life, which in turn affects emotional distress. In this cross-sectional study, 70 couples recruited during hormonal stimulation phase prior to in vitro fertilisation completed clinical and sociodemographic forms and self-report questionnaires assessing representations about the importance of parenthood and emotional distress. Path analysis using structural equation modelling was used to examine direct and indirect effects among variables. Results indicated that socioeconomic status and place of residence had an impact in emotional distress by affecting the representations about the importance of parenthood in one's life. Gender differences were found regarding model paths, suggesting that the social context may have a stronger influence on women's emotional distress than on their partners' distress. When delineating psychological interventions, health care providers should consider that cultural values about children and parenthood contribute to shape the infertility experience.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. marianamr@fpce.uc.pt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moura-Ramos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gameiro
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Canavarro
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011174:Portugal; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019035:Rural Health Services; D057566:Self Report; D012923:Social Class; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019037:Urban Health Services