title: Health-related quality of life is associated with diabetic complications, but not with short-term diabetic control in primary care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus is of increasing healthcare concern worldwide, with incidence rising, complications leading to significant morbidity and mortality, posing strain on public healthcare funding. Health-related quality of life of diabetic patients is increasingly being recognised as "the ultimate goal of all health interventions". The aim of our study was to identify the quality of life predictors of diabetic patients in primary care. This study was conducted in 8 public primary care polyclinics from SingHealth Polyclinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey on 699 diabetic patients, administered by medical students on a systematic sample of patients during their routine visit. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of quality of life, measured by the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the EQ-5D self-report questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher quality of life in diabetic patients is associated with younger age, male gender, employed status, higher educational level and exercise. Lower quality of life is associated with comorbidities and diabetic complications. Short-term glycaemic control as measured by HbA1c did not correlate with quality of life. Most interestingly, confidence in doctor and satisfaction in clinic were related to better quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health-related quality of life is adversely associated with symptomatic complications of diabetes mellitus, but not with short-term diabetic control. This suggests that the diabetic patient may not appreciate the impact of good diabetic control immediately on his or her health-related quality of life. More effort should be invested into patient education of the importance of glycaemic control to prevent these long-term complications.
authors.affiliation: SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore. joanne.quah.h.m@singhealth.com.sg
authors.forename: Joanne H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Quah
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Wai Yee
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Choon How
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: How
authors.forename: Ee Guan
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012846:Singapore; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin