title: Adolescent dairy product consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention has generally focused on the identification of risk factors in adulthood. Dairy product consumption in adults has been associated with a lower risk of T2D.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the relation between dairy product consumption during adolescence and risk of T2D in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the incidence of T2D in relation to high school dairy product consumption within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. A total of 37,038 women who completed a food-frequency questionnaire about their diet during high school were followed from the time of return of the questionnaire in 1998-2005. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate RRs and 95% CIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with women in the lowest quintile of high school dairy product intake, those in the highest quintile (2 servings/d) had a 38% lower risk of T2D (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83; P-trend = 0.0006), after adjustment for high school risk factors. After adjustment for adult risk factors, the association persisted (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.97; P-trend = 0.02) but was attenuated after adjustment for adult dairy product consumption. In a multivariate joint comparison of dairy product consumption by adults and high school adolescents, compared with women with consistently low intakes, those with consistently high intakes had the lowest risk of T2D (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that higher dairy product intake during adolescence is associated with a lower risk of T2D. Some of the benefits of dairy product intake during high school may be due to the persistence of the consumption pattern during adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Vasanti S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult