title: Discrimination between primary necrosis and apoptosis by necrostatin-1 in Annexin V-positive/propidium iodide-negative cells.
abstract: Apoptotic cell death eventually results in secondary necrotic cell death, whereas caspase-independent primary necrotic cell death has been reported and its mechanism involving RIP1 and RIP3 has been recently elucidated. Dual staining with fluorescent Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) has been used to discriminate apoptotic and necrotic cell death, in which Annexin V-positive/PI-negative staining is regarded as apoptosis and PI-positive staining as necrosis. Here we demonstrate that primary necrotic cells unexpectedly show Annexin V-positive/PI-negative staining before they become PI-positive, and that primary necrotic and apoptotic Annexin V-positive/PI-negative cells can be discriminated by necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of primary necrosis by inhibition of RIP1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan. sawai@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Naochika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Domae
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009336:Necrosis; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011419:Propidium / Q000737:chemistry*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: C119724:AGFG1 protein, human; D017304:Annexin A5; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C507699:necrostatin-1; D011419:Propidium; D020169:Caspases