title: U.S. school travel, 2009 an assessment of trends.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity has set a goal of increasing walking and biking to school by 50% within 5 years. Meeting the goal requires a detailed understanding of the current patterns of school travel.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document nationally representative estimates of the amount of school travel and the modes used to access school in 2009 and compare these levels with 1969, 1995, and 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Household Travel Survey collected data on the travel patterns of 150,147 households in 2008 and 2009. Analyses, conducted in 2010, documented the time, vehicle miles traveled, and modes used by American students to reach school. A binary logit model assessed the influence of trip, child, and household characteristics on the decision to walk to school.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2009, 12.7% of K-8 students usually walked or biked to school compared with 47.7% in 1969. Rates of walking and biking to school were higher on the trip home from school in each survey year. During the morning peak period, school travel accounted for 5%-7% of vehicle miles traveled in 2009 and 10%-14% of all private vehicles on the road.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There have been sharp increases in driving children to school since 1969 and corresponding decreases in walking to school. This increase is particularly evident in the number of vehicle trips generated by parents dropping children at school and teens driving themselves. The NHTS survey provides a unique opportunity to monitor these trends in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. noreen@unc.edu
authors.forename: Noreen C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Austin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Lauren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Margo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pedroso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000639:trends*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012574:Schools; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D016138:Walking / Q000639:trends