title: Retinoids in eggs and embryos of birds fed fish from the Great Lakes.
abstract: Retinoids were analyzed in 11-day chick embryos and eggs from white Leghorn hens (Gallus domesticus) fed environmentally-derived polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Saginaw Bay. The yolks and the embryos contained all-trans-retinol, 3,4-didehydroretinol and retinyl esters. There was no significant difference in the total retinoid content in the yolks of 11-day incubated eggs among hens fed for 7 weeks diets containing 0.5-6.6 mg PCB/kg diet. However, the proportional amount of retinols in the high (6.6 mg) PCB group was significantly less than that in low (0.5 mg) PCB controls, while the amount of retinyl palmitate in the high PCB group was significantly greater than that in the controls. Retinoids in the embryos were not affected by any of the PCB levels fed to hens for 7 weeks prior to laying the eggs. The 50% reduction in the molar ratio of retinols to retinyl palmitate in the yolks of eggs as the result of the high PCB level fed to hens for 7 weeks can serve as an indicator for chronic exposure to PCB contamination at the level of 6.6 mg or higher PCB/kg diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1224, USA; Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zile
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Summer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aulerich
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bursian
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Tillitt
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kubiak