title: One-third tubular-hook-plate osteosynthesis for olecranon osteotomies in distal humerus type-C fractures: a preliminary report of results and complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distal humerus fractures are rare and challenging to treat. Anatomic reduction of the articular surface and stable osteosynthesis are mandatory for satisfactory results. The transolecranon approach allows superior visualisation of the joint. However, controversy exists regarding how best to fix the osteotomy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the eligibility of a one-third tubular hook plate for osteosynthesis of olecranon osteotomies in distal humerus type-C fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 34 patients who were treated through an olecranon osteotomy and underwent fixation using a one-third tubular hook plate were identified. Thirty-one patients (17 females, 14 males) with a median age of 50 years (14-87, standard deviation (SD) 18.3) were available for a comprehensive assessment after a mean of 12.3 months (6-20, SD 3.7). Using the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification, six (19.4%) fractures were categorised as type C2 and 25 (80.6%) were categorised as C3. Physical and radiological examinations were performed. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean extension-flexion ROM was found to be 102° (50-145°, SD 25). Pronation and supination were only slightly compromised. The mean MEPS was 87.2 points (50-100, SD 12.4). Fourteen patients (45.2%) were rated as excellent, and 15 (48.4%) were rated as good. One patient was rated fair, and one patient was rated as poor, respectively. Mean DASH score was 24.4 points (0-65, SD 20.3). Complications regarding the osteotomy occurred in seven patients (22.5%). Revision surgery was necessary in five cases (16%). At follow-up, all osteotomies went on to union. Mild joint degeneration (Broberg I) was found in 10 patients (32.2%). Implant removal was carried out in 15 patients (48.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this study, the osteosynthesis of olecranon osteotomies using a one-third tubular hook plate can be regarded as a safe procedure with a low complication rate. The implant needed is widely available and cost-efficient, in contrast to specially designed plates or nails.
authors.affiliation: Department for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Friedberger Landstrasse 430, 60389, Germany. kay.schmidt-horlohe@bgu-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Horlohé
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilde
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001860:Bone Plates; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056740:Olecranon Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult