title: An investigation into the mechanical characteristics of select self-ligated brackets at a series of clinically relevant maximum torquing angles: loading and unloading curves and bracket deformation.
abstract: Edgewise orthodontic treatment utilizes a force couple in order to achieve labial-lingual tooth angulation. Two self-ligating brackets (Damon Q and Speed) were examined across a range of clinically relevant torques in order to assess the loading and unloading curves and bracket deformation. A previously developed torquing and load measurement system was utilized to rotate a 0.199 × 0.25 in stainless steel wire in a fixed bracket slot to the following angles: 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 40 degrees. The torque on the bracket was measured during both wire loading and unloading cycles. The torque play for the Damon brackets was determined to increase by less than 0.4 degrees when torqued to 70 Nmm, whereas the increase for the Speed brackets was 2.1 degrees at the same torque magnitude. The deformation curves for the Damon and Speed brackets were found to be different for loading and unloading. Speed brackets were found to start to plastically deform when torqued to 24 degrees (26 Nmm of torque), while Damon brackets did not plastically deform until 28 degrees (38 Nmm of torque). Damon brackets were found not to plastically deform as easily and to have a smaller increase in torque play than Speed brackets. Both the Damon and the Speed brackets demonstrated minimal effect of plastic deformation and torque play at maximum angles of twist less than 20 degrees. Torque measured in the brackets was different for loading and unloading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nobes
authors.forename: Giseon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Garrett W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Melenka
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Major
mesh_terms: D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010969:Plastics; D013193:Stainless Steel; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D013193:Stainless Steel