title: Effect of F-File on removal of the smear layer: a scanning electron microscope study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of F-File with NaOCl on removal of the smear layer. A total of 48 single-rooted teeth were instrumented using crown-down technique with one of the irrigation agents: distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl, RC-Prep, Glyde, MTAD or F-File with NaOCl. The remaining smear layer was scored at cervical, middle and apical thirds of the roots with SEM. In all the canals of experimental groups the coronal sections were cleaner than the middle and apical sections except with distilled water (P<0.001). In the coronal third, intensive smear layer was observed in distilled water, NaOCl and F-File groups and less smear layer in MTAD (P<0.05) and least in RC-Prep and Glyde groups. In the middle third, RC-Prep and Glyde groups had less smear layer than the other groups (P<0.001). In the apical third, there was intensive smear layer in all specimens and statistical analyses showed no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). The F-file failed to improve the effect of NaOCl in removing smear layer.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. utunga@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tunga
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bodrumlu
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aydemir
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeşilsoy
mesh_terms: D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010545:Peroxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014508:Urea / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014867:Water; D014885:Waxes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C475043:MTAD (intracanal irrigant); D010545:Peroxides; D010969:Plastics; D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D014885:Waxes; D014867:Water; D019343:Citric Acid; C025081:RC-Prep; D018130:Diamond; D014508:Urea; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D004318:Doxycycline