title: Biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures and musculoskeletal symptoms among vineyard workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the associations between biomechanical and psychosocial work factors and musculoskeletal symptoms in vineyard workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was based on a random sample of 2,824 male and 1,123 female vineyard workers in France. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Neck/shoulder, back and upper and lower extremity symptoms were evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. Biomechanical exposures included 15 tasks related to vineyard activities. Psychosocial work factors included effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment, measured using the effort-reward imbalance model, and low job control and insufficient material means. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis, and the results were adjusted for age, body mass index, educational level, work status and years in vineyard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pruning-related factors increased the risk of upper extremity pain for both genders, of back pain for men and of neck/shoulder and lower extremity pain for women. Driving increased the risk of neck/shoulder and back pain among men. Psychosocial work factors, which were insufficient material means, overcommitment (both genders), effort-reward imbalance (men) and low job control (women), were associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, back and upper extremity pain for both genders and neck/shoulder and lower extremity pain for men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underlined that both biomechanical and psychosocial work factors may play a role in musculoskeletal pain among vineyard workers. Prevention policies focusing on both biomechanical and psychosocial work exposures may be useful to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms.
authors.affiliation: CCMSA.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Laurène
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Courouve
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouée
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adjémian
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chrétien
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niedhammer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D005082:Physical Exertion; D015995:Prevalence; D012201:Reward; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D034941:Upper Extremity; D014920:Wine; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology