title: Overview of pediatric orbital fractures.
abstract: Orbital fractures in children are uncommon. The pattern of orbital fractures changes as children age. Although the management of pediatric orbital fractures is evolving, a thorough clinical assessment with computed tomographic scan imaging is essential. Urgent surgical intervention is indicated in cases of entrapment or acute enophthalmos. Entrapment with oculocardiac reflex is common in the white-eyed blow-out or trapdoor fractures. Otherwise, pediatric fractures may be treated conservatively with surveillance. A variety of autogenous and allogenic materials may be used to repair the fractured orbit. Resorbable plating systems are an alternative to rigid metallic fixation and may be used on the developing craniofacial skeleton.
authors.affiliation: DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Shivam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Wrood
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kassira
authors.forename: Seth R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Thaller
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002648:Child; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D010808:Physical Examination; D012024:Reflex, Oculocardiac / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes