title: [Experimental study on the immune functions of splenic dendritic cells after a combined therapy of cryoablation and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor for prostate cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the changes about numbers and immune functions of splenic DC (dendritic cell) after a combined therapy of cryoablation and GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Murine model of prostate cancer was established. And the tumor-bearing mice were divided into 4 groups: control group (Group A), GM-CSF treatment (Group B), cryoablation treatment (Group C) and a combined therapy of cryoablation and GM-CSF (Group D). Spleens were sampled before and 7, 14, 21 days after treatment. Immunohistochemistry of DC was performed. And splenic lymphocytes were isolated and their activated percents analyzed by flow cytometry. The tumor-specific cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was measured by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. And the lung metastasis rates were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At Day 7 post-treatment, the number of DC per high-power field was 26.4 ± 1.1, 36.6 ± 2.1, 25.8 ± 1.3 and 58.2 ± 1.9 (P < 0.05); the activated percent of DC 13.60% ± 1.67%, 9.50% ± 0.21%, 14.40% ± 1.14% and 32.80% ± 2.39% (P < 0.05); cytolytic activity of CTL against prostate cancer cells 7.76% ± 0.11%, 8.10% ± 0.92%, 9.38% ± 0.45% and 41.68% ± 0.82% in Groups A, B and C respectively (P < 0.05). At Day 21 post-treatment, the rate of lung metastasis was 5/5, 4/5, 4/5 and 1/5 respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined therapy of cryoablation and GM-CSF may increase the number and activated percent of DC in spleen, enhance the tumor-specific immune responses and decrease lung metastasis rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: Tong-guo
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chang-fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003452:Cryosurgery; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor