title: Circuit design and simulation of a transmit beamforming ASIC for high-frequency ultrasonic imaging systems.
abstract: This paper describes the design of a programmable transmit beamformer application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with 8 channels for ultrasound imaging systems. The system uses a 20-MHz reference clock. A digital delay-locked loop (DLL) was designed with 50 variable delay elements, each of which provides a clock with different phase from a single reference. Two phase detectors compare the phase difference of the reference clock with the feedback clock, adjusting the delay of the delay elements to bring the feedback clock signal in phase with the reference clock signal. Two independent control voltages for the delay elements ensure that the mark space ratio of the pulses remain at 50%. By combining a 10- bit asynchronous counter with the delays from the DLL, each channel can be programmed to give a maximum time delay of 51 μs with 1 ns resolution. It can also give bursts of up to 64 pulses. Finally, for a single pulse, it can adjust the pulse width between 9 ns and 100 ns by controlling the current flowing through a capacitor in a one-shot circuit, for use with 40-MHz and 5-MHz transducers, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. georgios.athanasopoulos@ucy.ac.cy
authors.forename: Georgios I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Athanasopoulos
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Hatfield
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005246:Feedback; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation*