title: Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis.
abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections treated in the outpatient setting and range in severity from minimally symptomatic cystitis to severe septic shock in a wide array of patients. Diagnosis of uncomplicated cystitis can be inferred from history and physical, and confirmed by urinalysis. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy should rapidly improve symptoms in all UTIs. Treatment can be further tailored according to severity of illness, analysis of individualized risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns. This article discusses treatment options in light of bacterial resistance in the twenty-first century.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital & Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA. david.lane@gunet.georgetown.edu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Sukhjit S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Takhar
mesh_terms: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary