title: A 10-Fr ultrasound catheter with integrated micromotor for 4-D intracardiac echocardiography.
abstract: We developed prototype real-time 3-D intracardiac echocardiography catheters with integrated micromotors, allowing internal oscillation of a low-profile 64-element, 6.2-MHz phased-array transducer in the elevation direction. Components were designed to facilitate rotation of the array, including a low-torque flexible transducer interconnect and miniature fixtures for the transducer and micromotor. The catheter tip prototypes were integrated with two-way deflectable 10-Fr catheters and used in in vivo animal testing at multiple facilities. The 4-D ICE catheters were capable of imaging a 90° azimuth by up to 180° elevation field of view. Volume rates ranged from 1 vol/sec (180° elevation) to approximately 10 vol/sec (60° elevation). We successfully imaged electrophysiology catheters, atrial septal puncture procedures, and detailed cardiac anatomy. The elevation oscillation enabled 3-D visualization of devices and anatomy, providing new clinical information and perspective not possible with current 2-D imaging catheters.
authors.affiliation: General Electric Company, Global Research Ultrasound Laboratory, Niskayuna, NY, USA. lee@ge.com
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Weston
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wildes
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Topka
authors.forename: Thaddeus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chodakauskas
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calisti
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergstøl
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Malacrida
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lanteri
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maffre
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: Kalyanam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shivkumar
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Callans
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Silvestry
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Packer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D057785:Catheters; D004285:Dogs; D019561:Echocardiography, Four-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D008954:Models, Biological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011677:Punctures; D013552:Swine; D014159:Transducers