title: Tarsal ectropion repair and lower blepharoplasty: A case report and review of literature.
abstract: Ectropion is frequently encountered in plastic surgery. A variety of etiologies exist, but tarsal ectropion, defined as complete eversion of the tarsal plate and its overlying conjunctiva, is rarely considered. First described in 1960 by Fox, this variant was initially attributed to pre-septal orbicularis oculi spasm or tarsoligamentous relaxation. However, subsequent investigators determined that the true etiology involved lower lid retractor disinsertion on the tarsal plate. We present a case of chronic right lower lid ectropion in a 66-year-old male. Through understanding of eyelid anatomy, especially that of the lower eyelid retractors, tarsal ectropion was correctly identified in our patient preoperatively. A repair including correction of retractor disinsertion on the tarsus was planned, and given our patient's degree of lower lid delamination and mobilization, we also proceeded with bilateral lower lid blepharoplasty with canthal and lower lid soft tissue support. Ultimately, we were able to achieve an improved aesthetic appearance for our patient, along with resolution of his symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford, CA, USA. rebecca.garza@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Gordon K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Barry H J
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Press
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000601:surgery*; D004483:Ectropion / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014945:Wound Healing