title: Pregnancy in acromegaly: experience from two referral centers and systematic review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acromegaly results from increased growth hormone and its target insulin-like growth factor-1, most commonly due to a pituitary tumour. As it is frequently accompanied by infertility, little is known about the course of this disease in pregnancy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe 13 new pregnancies in acromegalic women and compare their outcomes in a systematic review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected clinical, biochemical, imaging, and outcomes data during and following pregnancy and performed a systematic review for a total of 47 pregnancies. An extended analysis of 106 pregnancies was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 13 newly described cases, pregnancy was un-complicated without need for additional surgical intervention. In these pregnancies, adjunctive medical therapy was required in three patients. This was in the form of somatostatin analogs (SA) (3/13) as well as pegvisomant in 1/13 to control symptomatic and biochemical progression. One 37-year-old female succeeded in having two separate pregnancies 2 years apart both without need for any form of medical therapy. Review of an additional 34 published reports allowed for an analysis of outcomes in 47 pregnancies. Adjunctive medical therapy during pregnancy was required in 15 of these cases where 12 received SA and an additional three received dopamine agonists. None of these patients developed endocrine or neurologic complications during pregnancy. In an extended analysis of 106 pregnancies, treatment during pregnancy appears to be associated with good disease control but increased risk of microsomic or macrosomic newborns depending on the medical agent used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 13 newly described pregnancies along with systematic review of an additional 34 cases indicate that pregnancy in treated acromegalic women can proceed without significant complications or teratogenicity. Medical treatment during pregnancy with DA or SA appears to be associated with altered neonatal weight. Nevertheless, gestation may have a beneficial impact on acromegaly control both during and following pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ludovica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez-Orozco
authors.forename: Rany
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Agha
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pivonello
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.forename: Shereen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezzat
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013004:Somatostatin