title: Hemochromatosis-induced bipolar disorder: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A patient presenting with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, bipolar disorder was found to be affected by high iron hemochromatosis. This prompted us to explore the relation between bipolar disorder and iron overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case and review the peer-reviewed literature focusing on mood symptoms in patients with hemochromatosis or iron overload. Animal studies of brain effects of iron overload are summarized. High iron hemochromatosis was confirmed by genetic testing, and treatment was instituted to address iron overload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient's bipolar symptoms completely subsided after phlebotomic reduction of iron overload.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should explore the possibility of iron overload and seek genetic confirmation of hemochromatosis in resistant bipolar disorder to avoid unnecessary medication.
authors.affiliation: NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, UOC Psychiatry, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1037, 00189 Rome, Italy. seratadaniele@gmail.com
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serata
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Casale
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rapinesi
authors.forename: Iginia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.forename: Pieritalo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Giorgio D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kotzalidis
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aimati
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savoja
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sani
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simmaco
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult