title: Nuclear factor-κB and apoptosis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: Studies using rat models have indicated that neuronal apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, the mechanism by which apoptosis occurs is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the number of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-positive cells and apoptotic cells in specimens of middle temporal gyrus taken from 46 human subjects with hypertensive ICH. We also investigated the roles that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and interleukin (IL)-1β play in apoptosis following ICH. At about 24 hours after ICH, some neurons exhibited nuclear swelling and incomplete cellular structures were visible. The mean percentage of apoptotic cells was 39.28 ± 21.83% at 49-72 hours after ICH. NF-κB immunoreactivity varied with time after ICH: the number of immunostained neurons increased during the 2-6 hours after ICH, and reached a maximum at 7-48 hours. The number of IL-1β-immunostained neurons reached a maximum at 2-6 hours after ICH. The number of ICAM-1-immunostained neurons increased during the 48 hours after ICH and reached a maximum at 49-72 hours. These observations indicate that apoptosis has a major role in pathological cell death after ICH and that activation of NF-κB is positively related to the progress of apoptosis. Additionally, activation of ICAM-1 and IL-1β seem to be involved in apoptosis after ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Jin-Shui
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Licheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B