title: Smoking is associated with increased adrenal responsiveness, decreased prolactin levels and a more adverse lipid profile in 650 white patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: We investigated the associations between smoking status and metabolic risk factors and sex hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study was designed as a retrospective trans-sectional study including 650 white premenopausal women with the diagnoses hirsutism or PCOS divided according to smoking status: non-smokers (NS-PCOS = 390) and smokers (S-PCOS = 260). One hundred and nineteen healthy women were studied as controls (NS-Control = 105, S-Control = 14). Patients and controls underwent clinical evaluation, hormone analyses, transvaginal ultrasound, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) tests. S-PCOS has significantly higher fasting lipid profile and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels (basal and ACTH-stimulated) than NS-PCOS patients, whereas prolactin levels were decreased. No significant differences were found in body composition and measures of insulin resistance between NS-PCOS and S-PCOS. PCO was more prevalent in NS-PCOS patients. During multiple regression analyses, smoking was positively associated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein and inversely associated with prolactin and high-density lipoprotein. We concluded that smoking was associated with increased adrenal responsiveness, decreased prolactin levels and a more adverse lipid profile in PCOS patients, whereas smoking was unassociated with body composition and insulin resistance. Smoking may be associated with the prevalence of individual Rotterdam criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark. d.glintborg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Glintborg
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mumm
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravn
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D002784:Cholesterol