title: Risk factors for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)-related hospitalization and death among racial/ethnic groups in New Mexico.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed risk factors for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)-related hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death among New Mexico residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We calculated population rate ratios using Poisson regression to analyze risk factors for H1N1-related hospitalization. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of hospitalizations during September 14, 2009 through January 13, 2010, using logistic regression to assess risk factors for mechanical ventilation and death among those hospitalized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 926 laboratory-confirmed H1N1-related hospitalizations were identified. H1N1-related hospitalization was significantly higher among American Indians (risk ratio [RR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 3.2), Blacks (RR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.4), and Hispanics (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.5, 2.0) than it was among non-Hispanic Whites, and also was higher among persons of younger age and lower household income. Mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with age 25 years and older, obesity, and lack of or delayed antiviral treatment. Death was significantly associated with male gender, cancer during the previous 12 months, and liver disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis supports recent national efforts to include American Indian/Alaska Native race as a group at high risk for complications of influenza with respect to vaccination and antiviral treatment recommendations.
authors.affiliation: New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, USA. deborah.thompson@state.nm.us
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jungk
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smelser
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landen
authors.forename: Megin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selvage
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumbach
authors.forename: Mack
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sewell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D058873:Pandemics; D044469:Racial Groups; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012723:Sex; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents