title: Adrenal tumors with venous thrombosis: a single-institution experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence, imaging, surgical approach and prognosis of adrenal tumors associated with venous thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 206 patients who underwent adrenal surgery were reviewed. Data of patients with pathologically confirmed venous thrombosis, utilized diagnostic modalities, operative treatment and prognosis were reviewed and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Venous thrombosis was confirmed pathologically in 6 patients (2.9%). All were of male gender with age ranging between 2 and 54 years. The mean size of the masses was 11.5 ± 5.2 cm. Venous thrombosis was diagnosed preoperatively in 2 patients, adrenal vein thrombosis in 1 patient, and renal vein thrombosis in the others. Masses were successfully excised via an open approach in association with nephrectomy in 3 cases. There was no operative mortality or gross morbidity. Pathologically, thrombosis was limited to the adrenal vein in 4 patients and extended to the renal vein in 2. Pathology of the masses revealed neuroblastoma in 2, pheochromocytoma in 2, adrenocortical carcinoma in 1, and pleomorphic sarcoma in 1 case. Metastasis developed within 6 months in 3 of these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous thrombosis with adrenal tumors is a rare pathological condition in which open surgery is the standard of care. Primary malignant adrenal masses with venous thrombosis have a poor prognostic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. y_osman99 @ yahoo.com
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haraz
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Mekresh
authors.forename: Abdul-Monem
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gomha
authors.forename: Mohamed Abou
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Ghar
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eraky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*