title: The prevention of attachment and the detachment effects of a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene for Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis on dogs.
abstract: A novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene (CERTIFECT™, Merial Limited, GA, USA) was evaluated for the prevention of attachment of ticks and its ability to cause detachment of ticks. For the two prevention of attachment studies, 20 purpose-bred beagles were allocated each to two equal groups based on pretreatment tick counts (treated and untreated). Each dog was exposed to 50 adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis weekly starting 24h after treatment. In study 1 infestations with R. sanguineus were discontinued after Day 7 but continued to Day 28 for D. variabilis in both studies. Counts of ticks by species were made 2, 4 and 24h after exposure to ticks. Ticks not attaching to dogs were evaluated for viability. For the evaluation of detachment study, 16 purpose-bred beagles were allocated each to two equal groups based on pretreatment tick counts (treated and untreated). Each dog was infested with 50 unfed R. sanguineus and D. variabilis adults on Day -2. Ticks were thumb counted without removal on all dogs on Day -1, and at 4, 12, and 24h after treatment. Ticks were counted and removed at 48 h after treatment. Dogs treated with the novel combination had significantly (p<0.05) lower total numbers of attached R. sanguineus and D. variabilis than untreated controls at 4h through Day 7. For R. sanguineus, percent reduction of attachment at 24h after infestation through Day 29 ranged from 94.5% to 100%. For D. variabilis, the percent reduction of attachment at 24h through Day 22 was above 98.0%. These studies demonstrate that novel combination can disrupt attachment of R. sanguineus and D. variabilis for up to 28 days following treatment. Of those ticks that are exposed to the treatment, even if they do not attach to the dog and remain in the environment, greater than 90% (p<0.05) die within 24h for 2-3 weeks following treatment. Also, for those dogs infested with ticks at the time of treatment, the novel combination causes significant detachment (p<.05) starting at 12h and reaching 98.9% by 48 h after treatment. This product provides an effective means for controlling ticks infesting dogs and limiting the spread of tick transmitted diseases. Additionally, the mortality of ticks exposed to CERTIFECT will reduce infestation of the dog's environment.
authors.affiliation: Merial Limited, Fulton, MO, USA. Joseph.Prullage@merial.com
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prullage
authors.forename: Jakie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hair
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Luiz G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cornelison
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003870:Dermacentor / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008726:Methoprene / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014052:Toluidines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014052:Toluidines; C014983:amitraz; D008726:Methoprene; C082360:fipronil