title: Effects of osteoporosis and nutrition supplements on structures and nanomechanical properties of bone tissue.
abstract: In this study, the bone structures, nanomechanical properties and fracture behaviors in different groups of female C57BL/6 mice (control, sham operated, ovariectomized, casein supplemented, and fermented milk supplemented) were examined by micro-computed tomography, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. The control and sham operated mice showed dense bone structures with high cortical bone mineral densities of 544 mg/cm(3) (average) and high hardness of 0.9-1.1 GPa; resistance to bone fracture was conferred by microcracking, crack deflections and ligament bridging attributed to aligned collagen fibers and densely packed hydroxyapatite crystals. Bone mineral density, hardness and fracture resistance in ovariectomized mice markedly dropped due to loose bone structure with randomly distributed collagens and hydroxyapatites. The acidic casein supplemented mice with blood acidosis exhibited poor mineral absorption and loose bone structure, whereas the neutralized casein or fermented milk supplemented mice were resistant to osteoporosis and had high bone mechanical properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chuan-Mu
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shou-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tung-Chou
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ying-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsiang-Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hsiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite