title: Colostrum and amniotic fluid from different species exhibit similar immunomodulating effects in bacterium-stimulated dendritic cells.
abstract: The fetus and newborn are immunologically immature. Bioactive compounds in amniotic fluid (AF) and maternal milk therefore play a key role in the immunological development of the infant intestine. We hypothesized that colostrum and AF exert similar immunomodulatory effects on the developing immune system. Hence, bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells (BMDCs) were co-incubated with Clostridium perfringens A or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and porcine, bovine, or human AF, colostrum/milk whey fractions. Interleukin (IL) 10, IL-12, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) production was measured. IL-12 production was reduced with all AFs and wheys, and IL-6 and TNF-? were also reduced by porcine AF. Porcine and bovine whey both reduced TNF-? production. Overall, the reductions were most pronounced with the porcine fluids. Only bovine fluids caused strong induction of IL-10. Overall, effects of AF and whey from same species were similar. Viability of stimulated BMDCs was not significantly affected by the fluids. Neutralization of IL-10, transforming growth factor ?, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not remove the IL-12-inhibiting effect, but EGF neutralization increased IL-10 production. Addition of EFG to DCs enhanced the bacterium-induced cytokine production contrary to the effect of AF and colostrums, ruling out EGF as the inhibitory component in the fluids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Environment, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hanne K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: M Ller
authors.forename: Lisbeth N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Per T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Sangild
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fr Ki R
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000276:immunology*; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine