title: Diabetes mellitus negatively affects peri-implant bone formation in the diabetic domestic pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus is classified as a relative contraindication for implant treatment, and higher failure rates have been seen in diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on peri-implant bone formation in an animal model of human bone repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced by an intra-venous application of streptozotocin (90 mg/kg) in 15 domestic pigs. Implants were placed after significant histopathological changes in the hard and soft tissues were verified. The bone-implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone mineral density (BMD), and expression of collagen type-I and osteocalcin proteins were qualitatively evaluated 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. Fifteen animals served as healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes caused pathological changes in the soft and hard tissues. The BIC and BMD were significantly reduced in the diabetic group after 4 and 12 weeks. Collagen type-I was increased in the diabetic group at both time points, whereas osteocalcin was reduced in the diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poorly controlled diabetes negatively affects peri-implant bone formation and bone mineralization. These findings have to be taken into consideration for diabetic patients with an indication for implant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. c.wilmowsky@web.de
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Wilmowsky
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stockmann
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Harsch
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metzler
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moest
authors.forename: Friedrich Wilhelm
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Neukam
authors.forename: Karl Andreas
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schlegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004431:Ear, External / Q000098:blood supply; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008852:Microradiography; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013311:Streptozocin; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants; D015675:Osteocalcin; D013311:Streptozocin