title: A Brief Review on Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease of Livestock: Conventional to Molecular Tools.
abstract: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals. Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific, and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this paper we have outlined various diagnostic approaches from old to new generation in a nutshell. Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isolation (VI), Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA), Liquid-Phase Blocking ELISA (LPBE), Multiplex-PCR (m-PCR), and indirect ELISA (DIVA), and real time-PCR can be used for detection of antibody against nonstructural proteins. Nucleotide sequencing for serotyping, microarray as well as recombinant antigen-based detection, biosensor, phage display, and nucleic-acid-based diagnostic are on the way for rapid and specific detection of FMDV. Various pen side tests, namely, lateral flow, RT-LAMP, Immunostrip tests, and so forth. are also developed for detection of the virus in field condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati 781022, India.
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Longjam
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sarmah
authors.forename: Tilling
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tayo
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Awachat
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Saxena