title: Adjuvant radio-chemotherapy after extended or simple cholecystectomy in gallbladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse results of combined treatment of adjuvant radio-chemotherapy (RT-CT) in patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer (GBC) after complete resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1993 until July 2006, 67 patients with a diagnosis of GBC who underwent R0 surgical resection and were staged as T1b-2-3N0-1M0 received adjuvant RT-CT. Radiotherapy consisted of whole abdominal irradiation (20 Gy at 100 cGy daily) plus a boost to the tumour bed for a total of 45-59.4 Gy. Concomitant chemotherapy (fluoropyrimidines) was given. Overall survival (OS) and median survival were analysed in relation to different prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 90 months, 5-year OS was 41%, in the group who underwent extended cholecystectomy it reached 57% and it was only 27% in those who underwent simple cholecystectomy (p = 0.005). Median survival was 42 months for the whole population, not yet reached for the extended cholecystectomy subgroup and 23 months for the simple cholecystectomy subgroup. When analysing for histological grade, median survival was 23 months for those graded as high grade (III or IV) and 57 months for those of low-unknown grade (p = 0.029). In multivariate analysis, a statistically significant OS benefit was found for those who underwent extended cholecystectomy (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of randomised studies, these data support the use of extended cholecystectomy followed by adjuvant RT-CT in patients diagnosed as stages T1b-2- 3N0-1M0 GBC after R0 resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Instituto Oncológico, Viña del Mar, Chile. mgonzalez@institutooncologico.cl
authors.forename: Manuel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Osvaldo H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saldaña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy; D000069287:Capecitabine; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015996:Survival Rate; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005641:Tegafur; D014498:Uracil; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine