title: Oral health status of CHD and non-CHD adults of Lahore, Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence on association of oral health and coronary heart diseases (CHD) is mounting in the literature. This study was designed to observe an association between status of oral health and cardiac diseases in Pakistani adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted on CHD and non-CHD adults aged >30 years. Age-gender matched individuals without CHD, fulfilling the inclusion criteria as for CHD patients were selected for comparison. Bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and tooth loss were noted as oral health parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  45 CHD patients and 35 non-CHD individuals were examined. 53.75% were males and 46.25% females, 37.5% subjects were uneducated, 65% belonged to lower income group, 58.75% subjects were ≥obese and 88.75% were non-smokers. Mean of percent sites of BOP (P =0.007), PPD (P =0.031) and tooth loss (P =0.021) were significantly higher in study group. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, BOP and tooth loss showed a significant positive association with CHD; however, association of PPD was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral health parameters were significantly higher in CHD patients. Bleeding on probing and tooth loss was positively associated with CHD after adjusting for other socio-demographic variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Akhtar Hussain
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.forename: Ayyaz Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Mohammad Mohammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.lastname: Mustahsen-U-Rehaman
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azhar