title: Evaluation of different analysis and identification methods for Salmonella detection in surface drinking water sources.
abstract: The standard method for detecting Salmonella generally analyzes food or fecal samples. Salmonella often occur in relatively low concentrations in environmental waters. Therefore, some form of concentration and proliferation may be needed. This study compares three Salmonella analysis methods and develops a new Salmonella detection procedure for use in environmental water samples. The new procedure for Salmonella detection include water concentration, nutrient broth enrichment, selection of Salmonella containing broth by PCR, isolation of Salmonella strains by selective culture plates, detection of possible Salmonella isolate by PCR, and biochemical testing. Serological assay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) can be used to identify Salmonella serotype and genotype, respectively. This study analyzed 116 raw water samples taken from 18 water plants and belonging to 5 watersheds. Of these 116, 10 water samples (8.6%) taken from 7 water plants and belonging to 4 watersheds were positive for a Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction targeting the invA gene. Guided by serological assay results, this study identified 7 cultured Salmonella isolates as Salmonella enterica serovar: Alnaby, Enteritidis, Houten, Montevideo, Newport, Paratyphi B var. Java, and Victoria. These seven Salmonella serovars were identified in clinical cases for the same geographical areas, but only one of them was 100% homologous with clinical cases in the PFGE pattern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC. bmhsu@ccu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Bing-Mu
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Kuan-Hao
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shih-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kuo-Chih
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Ming-Jen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dar-Der
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Feng-Cheng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Jyh-Larng
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Po-Min
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013624:Taiwan; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards