title: Retroperitoneal histologic findings of patients with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein and pure seminoma at orchiectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the retroperitoneal histologic findings from a contemporary series of patients with pure seminoma at orchiectomy with an elevated serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level. These patients underwent treatment on the assumption that the lesion was nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 22 patients from 1989 to 2009 with pure seminoma diagnosed at orchiectomy with an elevated serum AFP level (>15 ng/mL) either before or after orchiectomy. The retroperitoneal histologic and relapse data are reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median preorchiectomy and prechemotherapy serum AFP level was 248 ng/mL (interquartile range 48-4693) and 279 ng/mL (interquartile range 66-5311), respectively. The percentage of patients with clinical Stage I, II, and III disease was 5%, 50%, and 45%, respectively. The percentage of patients with a good, intermediate, and poor risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group was 32%, 32%, and 36%, respectively. Of the 22 patients, 21 underwent induction chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Overall, 67% of patients had NSGCT elements in the retroperitoneum. The histologic findings were pure teratoma in 38%, malignant transformation in 14%, and viable NSGCT in 14%. Also, 59% had some component of teratoma in the retroperitoneum. Only 1 patient (5%) had any seminoma in the retroperitoneum, but this patient also had retroperitoneal teratoma. Of the 22 patients, 7 developed a relapse and received salvage chemotherapy. The actuarial relapse-free survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 76% and 61%, respectively, reflecting the high percentage of patients with Stage II-III disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pure seminoma at orchiectomy with an elevated serum AFP level portends a high likelihood of NSGCT elements in the retroperitoneum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Shilajit D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.forename: Brett S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Carver
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheinfeld
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D018239:Seminoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D013724:Teratoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins