title: [Effect of valsartan and carnitine on cardiomyocyte Calpain-1 and Bcl-xl expressions of dogs with chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of valsartan and carnitine on cardiomyocyte Calpain-1 and Bcl-xl expressions of dogs with chronic alcohol intake-induced cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 7 each): (1) alcohol fed (free access to 5%, 1(st) week; 10% 2(nd) week; 500 ml 25% bolus plus free access to 5% from 3 to 24 weeks, A); (2) alcohol + valsartan (5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), B); (3) alcohol + carnitine (300 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), C); (4) Control (D). After six months, all animals were assessed for left ventricular (LV) function by echocardiography. The Bad and Bcl-xl protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Calpain-1 protein was determined with Western blot. Myocardial morphology was quantified on HE stained slices and under electron microscopy. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was performed for apoptosis analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with group D, LVEDD and LVESD were significantly increased while EF and FS significantly decreased in group A. In alcohol fed group, expressions of Bad and Calpain-1 protein were significantly increased while Bcl-xl protein expression was downregulated, all changes could be significantly attenuated by intervention with valsartan and carnitine (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that alcohol could promote cardiac myocyte apoptosis, reduce cardiac function and aggravate myocardial remodeling which valsartan and carnitine could reduce alcoholic cardiomyopathy by downregulating Calpain-1 and Bad protein expression and upregulating expression of Bcl-xl protein.
authors.affiliation: First Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Li-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Li-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qing-hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002310:Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068756:Valsartan; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013777:Tetrazoles; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000068756:Valsartan; D002154:Calpain; D014633:Valine; D002331:Carnitine