title: Immunoprophylactic potential of filarial glutathione-s-transferase in lymphatic filariaisis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidates the immunoprophylactic potential of glutathion-s-transferase (GST) from cattle filarial parasite Setaria digitata (S. digitata) against lymphatic filariasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  GST was purified through affinity chromatography (SdGST) and chacterized by SDS-PAGE and Nano-LC MS/MS analysis. Antibody isotypes to SdGST were measured by ELISA. Antibody dependant cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was performed in vitro using sera from immunized animals and immune individuals. T-cell proliferation and cytokine response to SdGST in different groups of filariasis were measured. Immunoprophylactic potential of SdGST was evaluate in animal model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SdGST exhibited 30-fold enhancement of enzyme activity over crude parasitic extract. It was found to be 26 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Nano LC-MS/MS analysis followed by blast search showed 100% homology with Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis) and only 43% with Homo sapiens (H. sapiens). Immunoblotting analysis showed putatively immune individuals carry significant level of antibodies to SdGST as compared with microfilaraemics. Immunized sera and sera endemic normal could neutralize the enzymatic activity of SdGST and inducing in vitro cytotoxicity of microfilariae. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from endemic normals upon stimulation with SdGST showed a mixed type of Th1/Th2 response. SdGST immunization clear microfilariae from circulation in S. digitata implanted mastomys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The heterologous GST could be potentially developed as a vaccine candidate against lymphatic filarial parasite.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research) Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751023, India. balmadhusmita@gmail.com
authors.forename: Madhusmita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Achary
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005368:Filariasis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005370:Filarioidea / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D005982:Glutathione Transferase