title: Impacted foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region-diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: Foreign bodies are often encountered by oral and maxillofacial surgeons and may present a diagnostic challenge to the trauma surgeon due to many factors such as the size of the object, the difficult access, and a close anatomic relationship of the foreign body to vital structures. They are usually a result of injuries or operations. Fragments of broken instruments can be left behind and entire teeth or their fragments can be displaced during extraction. The approach to this kind of injury should be sequential and multidisciplinary, beginning with the trauma unit that will provide maintenance of the airways, hemodynamic stabilization, and, but only if necessary, neurologic, ophthalmologic, and vascular evaluation. With a view to illustrating and discussing the diagnosis and treatment of this kind of injury, this study reports impacted foreign bodies in oral and maxillofacial region. The following data were collected: age, sex, race, etiology, occurrence of fracture, anatomic location of the fracture, daytime of the traumatic event, type of the object, signal and symptoms, type of imaging examination used, type of anesthesia, approach, transoperative complication, period between surgery and hospital liberation, and the occurrence of death. Foreign body injuries in the maxillofacial region can place the patient's life at risk, so a correct initial treatment performed by a multidisciplinary team increases the survival of this kind of patient.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Program from Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago de Santana
authors.initials: Tde S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Auremir Rocha
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Hécio Henrique Araújo
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Rafael Linard
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Avelar
authors.forename: Otávio Emmel
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Orion Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Rogério Belle
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011292:Premedication; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013745:Tetanus Toxoid