title: Clomiphene fails to revert hypogonadism in most male patients with conventionally treated nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of clomiphene in men with hypogonadism and conventionally treated nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Open label, single-arm, prospective trial. Nine hypogonadal men (testosterone < 300 ng/dL and low/normal LH) with previously treated NFPA. Clomiphene (50 mg/day orally) for 12 weeks. Testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH, prolactin and erectile function were evaluated before and after 10 days, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of clomiphene treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After clomiphene treatment, testosterone and erectile function improved in only one patient. In the remaining eight patients, testosterone levels decreased whereas LH, FSH, and estradiol remained unchanged. Insulin sensitivity increased in unresponsive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with hypogonadal men with prolactinomas under dopaminergic therapy, clomiphene treatment failed to restore normal testosterone levels in most patients with conventionally treated NFPA.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogerio Silicani
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abucham
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000378:metabolism; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D002996:Clomiphene; D013739:Testosterone