title: Organophosphate pesticide exposure and residential proximity to nearby fields: evidence for the drift pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Residential proximity to pesticide-treated farmland is an important pesticide exposure pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interviews and biological samples were collected from 100 farmworker and 100 non-farmworker adults and children living in Eastern Washington State. We examined the relationship of residential proximity to farmland to urinary metabolite concentrations of dimethylphosphate (DMTP) and levels of pesticide residues in house dust.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DMTP concentrations were higher in farmworkers than non-farmworkers (71 μg/L vs 6 μg/L) and in farmworker children than non-farmworker children (17 μg/L vs 8 μg/L). Compared to non-farmworker households, farmworker households had higher levels of azinphos-methyl (643 ng/g vs 121 ng/g) and phosmet (153 ng/g vs 50 ng/g). Overall, a 20% reduction in DMTP concentration was observed per mile increase in distance from farmland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower OP metabolite concentrations correlated with increasing distance from farmland.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA. Gloria.d.coronado@kpchr.org
authors.forename: Gloria D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Coronado
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holte
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vigoren
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Dana Boyd
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faustman
authors.forename: Beti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000652:urine*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000652:urine*; D010706:Phosmet / Q000032:analysis; D012424:Rural Population; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; C007477:dimethyl phosphate; D010706:Phosmet