title: A follow-up study of peri-implantitis cases after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to follow patient cases in a longitudinal manner after peri-implantitis treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eighty-one patient cases were selected consecutively from the archives of the Oral Microbiological Diagnostic Laboratory, Gothenburg, Sweden based on microbial analysis of bacterial samples taken from diseased implants. It was feasible to follow-up 245 patients after treatment for a period ranging from 9 months to 13 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 54.7% of the patients it was not feasible to arrest progression of peri-implantitis. Smoking and smoking dose were found to be significantly correlated to failure of peri-implantitis treatment (p<0.05). Early disease development was also significantly associated with failure (p<0.05). Bone plasty in conjunction to antibiotics during surgery was significantly associated with arrested lesions (p<0.05). In a multiple regression model disease development was the only independent variable to significantly predict the likelihood of treatment success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peri-implant health may not be easy to establish, especially in cases that develop disease early. Homogenous treatment protocols rather than empirical treatment attempts should be adopted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. georgios.charalampakis@odontologi.gu.se
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charalampakis
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dahlén
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015921:Dental Implants