title: Sidestream tobacco smoke is a male germ cell mutagen.
abstract: Active cigarette smoking increases oxidative damage, DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, and heritable mutations in sperm. However, little is known regarding the effects of second-hand smoke on the male germ line. We show here that short-term exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke or sidestream tobacco smoke (STS), the main component of second-hand smoke, induces mutations at an expanded simple tandem repeat locus (Ms6-hm) in mouse sperm. We further show that the response to STS is not linear and that, for both mainstream tobacco smoke and STS, doses that induced significant increases in expanded simple tandem repeat mutations in sperm did not increase the frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes and erythrocytes in the bone marrow and blood of exposed mice. These data show that passive exposure to cigarette smoke can cause tandem repeat mutations in sperm under conditions that may not induce genetic damage in somatic cells. Although the relationship between noncoding tandem repeat instability and mutations in functional regions of the genome is unclear, our data suggest that paternal exposure to second-hand smoke may have reproductive consequences that go beyond the passive smoker.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. francesco.marchetti@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rowan-Carroll
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polyzos
authors.forename: M Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Berndt-Weis
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yauk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced; D048631:Micronucleus, Germline / Q000187:drug effects; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D012906:Smoke