title: S6K1 and mTOR regulate Rac1-driven platelet activation and aggregation.
abstract: Platelet activation and thrombus formation are under the control of signaling systems that integrate cellular homeostasis with cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, we identify a role for the ribosome protein S6 kinase (S6K1) and its upstream regulator mTOR in the control of platelet activation and aggregate formation under shear flow. Platelet engagement of fibrinogen initiated a signaling cascade that triggered the activation of S6K1 and Rac1. Fibrinogen-induced S6K1 activation was abolished by inhibitors of Src kinases, but not Rac1 inhibitors, demonstrating that S6K1 acts upstream of Rac1. S6K1 and Rac1 interacted in a protein complex with the Rac1 GEF TIAM1 and colocalized with actin at the platelet lamellipodial edge, suggesting that S6K1 and Rac1 work together to drive platelet spreading. Pharmacologic inhibitors of mTOR and S6K1 blocked Rac1 activation and prevented platelet spreading on fibrinogen, but had no effect on Src or FAK kinase activation. mTOR inhibitors dramatically reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation and promoted the destabilization of platelet aggregates formed under shear flow conditions. Together, these results reveal novel roles for S6K1 and mTOR in the regulation of Rac1 activity and provide insights into the relationship between the pharmacology of the mTOR system and the molecular mechanisms of platelet activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. aslanj@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Garth W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Tormoen
authors.forename: Cassandra P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Loren
authors.forename: Jiaqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Owen J T
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: McCarty
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000235:genetics*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000235:genetics*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C546842:MTOR protein, human; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C448901:ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kD, polypeptide 1; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein