title: Foreign-body granuloma after injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for type III stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foreign-body granuloma is a potential complication of periurethral injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for the treatment of type III stress urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present two cases of foreign-body granuloma formation after periurethral injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for type III stress urinary incontinence. Excision of the lesion resulted in cessation of pain in a symptomatic patient; however, it led to the resumption of stress urinary incontinence in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foreign-body granuloma is not the normative response to periurethral bulking with calcium hydroxylapatite. However, granuloma should be considered when a periurethral mass is encountered after injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for type III stress urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: From the Evanston Continence Center, Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gafni-Kane
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sand
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite