title: Circulating interleukin-10 and risk of cardiovascular events: a prospective study in the elderly at risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the association of the antiinflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the PROSPER (PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk) cohort, we related baseline concentrations of circulating IL-10 to risk of CVD events in a nested case (n=819)-control (n=1618) study of 3.2 years of follow-up. Circulating IL-10 showed few strong associations with classical risk factors but was positively correlated with IL-6 and C-reactive protein. IL-10 was positively associated with risk of CVD events (odds ratio [OR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31 per unit increase in log IL-10) after adjusting for classical risk factors and C-reactive protein. Furthermore, IL-10 was associated more strongly with CVD risk among those with no previous history of CVD (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.70), compared with those with previous CVD (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.19; P=0.018). Overall, IL-10 showed a modest ability to add discrimination to classical risk factors (C-statistic +0.005, P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline circulating levels of the antiinflammatory IL-10 are positively associated with risk of CVD among the elderly without prior CVD events, although the association is less evident in those with a history of CVD. Additional epidemiological and mechanistic studies investigating the role of IL-10 in CVD are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland. paul.welsh@glasgow.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trompet
authors.forename: Anton J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Craen
authors.forename: J Wouter
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jukema
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stott
authors.forename: Iain B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: McInnes
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Packard
authors.forename: Rudi G J
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D017035:Pravastatin