title: Immunotoxicity of copper alginate fibers in guinea pigs and mice.
abstract: The relation between copper alginate fibers and immunotoxicity in animals was studied by dividing guinea pigs and mice into control groups and experimental groups. Varied weights of fibers were subcutaneously embedded in the experimental groups, whereas the control groups were operated on simulatively. Morphology analysis, erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) test, direct plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay, quantitative hemolysis spectrophotometry (QHS) assay, macrophages phagocytosis assay, and pathology analysis were used to examine morphology, microstructure, and immunotoxicity. With increasing doses of copper alginate fibers, the EOF of experimental groups increased in contrast with the control group. Moreover, the antibody level decreased based on the results of the PFC and QHS assays, and macrophages phagocytosis descended in relation to dose. However, the immune functions were weakened without time dependence. According to pathologic photographs, the partial organs were damaged, implying bad histocompatibility. Hence, copper alginate fiber is proved to be a harmful material for medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Guangting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yuanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xinling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006462:Hemolytic Plaque Technique; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009996:Osmotic Fragility / Q000187:drug effects; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid