title: In vitro secretion profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and of human beta-defensins (HBD)-1, HBD-2, and HBD-3 from human chorioamniotic membranes after selective stimulation with Gardnerella vaginalis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preterm labor associated with infection is a major clinical condition; in this work, we analyze the response of human chorioamniotic membranes stimulated with Gardnerella vaginalis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a two-compartment experimental model, 1 × 10(6) CFU/mL of G. vaginalis were added to either the amnion or choriodecidua face or to both. Concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as human beta defensins (HBD) 1-3 were quantified by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with control conditions and regardless of the stimulation modality, IL-1β and IL-6 increased 4-fold and 28-fold, respectively, in the choriodecidual compartment. HBD-1 increased 2-fold mainly in the amniotic compartment when the stimulus was applied directly to this region. HBD-2 and HBD-3 increased an average of 2- and 8-fold, respectively, in the choriodecidual region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulation with G. vaginalis induced a tissue-specific secretion profile of 1L-1β, IL-6, and HBD 1-3 in the chorioamniotic membranes.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia 'Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes', Mexico City, Mexico. sciencefeedback@gmail.com
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zaga-Clavellina
authors.forename: Ruiz Velasco-Muñoz
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Martha
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flores-Espinosa
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003656:Decidua / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006194:Gardnerella vaginalis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C406407:DEFB1 protein, human; C422950:DEFB103A protein, human; C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023083:beta-Defensins