title: Low-level versus high-level placement of gold plates in the upper eyelid in patients with facial palsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lagophthalmos is a condition that results from facial paralysis causing functional as well as esthetic problems. This condition can be treated by a range of techniques, including tarsorrhaphy, facial slings, and canthopexies. Gold plates provide a solution for temporary or permanent lagophthalmos resulting from facial paralysis. This study discusses the use of gold plates in the treatment of lagophthalmos but with the introduction of gold plates in two different positions in the upper lids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 (38 eyes) had a low level of placement (2 mm from the lid margin) of gold plates, while Group 2 (23 eyes) had a high level of placement (5 mm from the lid margin).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Noticeable bulge was seen in 18.4% of Group 1 eyes compared with 13% in Group 2, and migration of the plate occurred in 2.6% and 0% of eyes in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, as well as ptosis (7.8% and 4.3%) and conjunctival perforation (0% and 4.3%). The degree of improvement of eyelid closure, keratopathy, and visual acuity were the same for both techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of gold plates at a higher level could avoid some of the drawbacks of lower level placement of these plates, such as upper eyelid bulge and ptosis, especially given the thinning of the eyelids and orbicularis muscles that occurs in facial palsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery.
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Hisham M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Minawi
authors.forename: Malak I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: El-Shazly