title: Interleukin-1β induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression and promotes the invasive ability of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from ovarian endometrioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and invasion of endometrioma-derived ectopic endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EN-MSCs) and to develop an organoid method to study the invasive ability of endometrial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression and cell functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human eutopic and endometrioma-derived ectopic EN-MSCs were isolated from different endometrium biopsy samples after surgery for treatment of endometriosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemical treatment of cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis of genomewide messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, cell migration, and invasion abilities in cell culture and organoid culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression profiles revealed that the expression of IL-1β and COX-2 were statistically significantly higher in ectopic EN-MSCs compared with eutopic EN-MSCs. These enhanced expressions coincided with a greater ability for cell migration and invasion in ectopic EN-MSCs and were found to be distinctly regulated by IL-1β which up-regulates COX-2 expression. Furthermore, IL-1β treatment of ectopic EN-MSCs in organoids was found to induce tentacle-like structures that mimicked cell invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that COX-2 and IL-1β regulate the invasion ability of ectopic EN-MSCs. The information may be useful for developing a new therapeutic strategy for endometriosis. The ex vivo invasion model will be useful for characterization of EN-MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Pei
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Kai-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Chee-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Tsung-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chia-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chia-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jau-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eing-Mei
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human