title: Physicochemical and anti-bacterial performance characterization of clarithromycin nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery system.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to prepare clarithromycin (CLR) loaded biodegradable nanoparticles (NPS), with a view to investigate its physicochemical properties and anti-bacterial activity. PLGA was used as a biodegradable polymer and the particles were prepared by nano-precipitation method in 3 different drugs to polymer ratios. Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of the prepared nanoparticles was performed using encapsulation efficiency, nanoparticle production yield, dissolution studies, particle size analysis, zeta potential determination, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was determined using serial dilution technique to achieve the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NPs. The particles were between 189 and 280 nm in size with narrow size distribution, spherical shape and 57.4-80.2% entrapment efficiency. Zeta potential of the NPs was fairly negative. The DSC thermograms and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed reduced drug crystallinity in the NPs. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated possible noncovalent interactions between the drug and polymer. In vitro release study showed an initial burst followed by a plateau during a period of 24h. The NPs were more effective than intact CLR against S. aureus so that the former showed equal antibacterial effect at 1/8 concentration of the intact drug. In conclusion, the prepared CLR nanoparticles are more potent against S. aureus with improved MICs and appropriate physicochemical properties that may be useful for other susceptible microorganisms and could be an appropriate candidate for intravenous, ocular and oral and topical preparations.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghobad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nokhodchi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barzegar-Jalali
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lotfipour
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adibkia
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ehyaei
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valizadeh
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D017291:Clarithromycin