title: Association of Lp-PLA(2) activity and LDL size with interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine and oxidized LDL, a marker of oxidative stress, in women with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated an association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) activity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study in MS women (n=368) and non-MS women (n=854). Lp-PLA(2) activity LDL particle size; leukocyte number; ox-LDL, LDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS women had smaller LDL particle size; higher plasma ox-LDL levels and Lp-PLA(2) activity; and higher serum TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, than non-MS women. In controls, Lp-PLA(2) activity weakly but significantly correlated with LDL-cholesterol; in MS women, Lp-PLA(2) activity positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, TNF-α, and IL-6 after adjusting for age and BMI. The relationship between Lp-PLA(2) activity and ox-LDL still maintained after further adjustment for LDL-cholesterol. Additionally, Lp-PLA(2) activity together with LDL particle size were significant independent predictors of MS (multivariate analysis), and ox-LDL was a major contributor to the increase in Lp-PLA(2) activity in MS women (multiple stepwise regression). In a subgroup analysis, Lp-PLA(2) activity was negatively associated with IL-6 levels in non-MS postmenopausal women, but positively with IL-6 in both postmenopausal and premenopausal women with MS. Postmenopausal women with MS had significantly higher Lp-PLA(2) activity, ox-LDL and IL-6 than those without MS, and premenopausal women with or without MS, after the adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity was associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and ox-LDL in MS women. This association was also affected by menopause status, suggesting that Lp-PLA(2) may represent a novel marker for oxidation and inflammation in MS.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei Univ. Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei Univ., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jey Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Oh Yoen
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jean Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Ryungwoo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Woo Ju
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Tae-Sook
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010316:Particle Size; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase