title: Elevated oxidative damage in kitchen workers in Chinese restaurants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between occupational exposure to cooking oil fumes (COFs) and potential oxidative and genotoxic effects in kitchen workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven male kitchen workers and 43 male controls from Chinese restaurants in Guangzhou were recruited. For all the participants, the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in urine, binucleated micronucleus (BNMN) frequency, comet tail length and tail DNA% in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were measured. The inhalable particulates (PM(10)) in their workplaces were also monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that the exposed group had a significantly higher median level of urinary 1-OHP than that of the control group (p<0.01). In addition, the median levels of 8-oxodG, BNMNs, tail length and MDA in the exposed group were markedly higher than those of the controls (p<0.01). These differences, except that of MDA, appeared not to be modified by the potential confounders: age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption. A univariate regression analysis showed that greater 1-OHP, 8-oxodG, BNMNs, tail length and MDA were associated with years working in a kitchen and cooking time per day. All these positive associations remained after adjusting for the four confounders in a subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational exposure to COFs led to increased oxidative damage in Chinese kitchen workers. The health consequences of these oxidative changes need further investgation. Urinary 1-OHP and 8-oxodG are noninvasive and effective biomarkers for assessment of oxidative damage in restaurants workers.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huilian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D002681:China; D020552:Comet Assay; D003296:Cooking; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D012147:Restaurants; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D011721:Pyrenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene