title: The combined effects of prenatal drug exposure and early adversity on neurobehavioral disinhibition in childhood and adolescence.
abstract: The negative effects of prenatal substance exposure on neurobiological and psychological development and of early adversity are clear, but little is known about their combined effects. In this study, multilevel analyses of the effects of prenatal substance exposure and early adversity on the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition in adolescence were conducted. Neurobehavioral disinhibition has previously been observed to occur frequently in multiproblem youth from high-risk backgrounds. In the present study, neurobehavioral disinhibition was assessed via behavioral dysregulation and poor executive function composite measures. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal investigation of prenatal substance exposure that included 1,073 participants followed from birth through adolescence. The results from latent growth modeling analyses showed mean stability but significant individual differences in behavioral dysregulation and mean decline with individual differences in executive function difficulties. Prior behavioral dysregulation predicted increased executive function difficulties. Prenatal drug use predicted the emergence and growth in neurobehavioral disinhibition across adolescence (directly for behavioral dysregulation and indirectly for executive function difficulties via early adversity and behavioral dysregulation). Prenatal drug use and early adversity exhibited unique effects on growth in behavioral dysregulation; early adversity uniquely predicted executive function difficulties. These results are discussed in terms of implications for theory development, social policy, and prevention science.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Social Learning Center, Eugene, OR 97401, USA. philf@oslc.org
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: DeGarmo
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lagasse
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Seetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankaran
authors.forename: Henrietta S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bada
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine