title: Obesity modifies the relations between serum markers of dairy fats and inflammation and oxidative stress among adolescents.
abstract: Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0), the dairy-specific saturated fatty acids have been inversely, while inflammation and oxidative stress have been positively related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both fatty acid metabolism and inflammation and oxidative stress may be influenced by adiposity. In the current cross-sectional analyses among adolescents (mean age 15 years), we determined whether overweight status modified the associations between dairy fatty acids (pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0)) represented in serum phospholipids (PL) and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Six biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed, including circulating adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and urinary 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α (15-keto) and 8-iso-PGF2α (F2-iso). Generalized linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, race, tanner score, total energy intake and physical activity, revealed that PL dairy fatty acids were inversely associated with CRP, F2-iso and 15-keto in overweight, but not in normal weight adolescents (all P(interaction) < 0.05). However, higher level of PL dairy fatty acids was associated with lower IL-6 among all adolescents. Further adjustment for dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, protein, total flavonoids, and ω-3 fatty acids did not materially change the findings. Dairy-specific saturated fats, i.e., 15:0 and 17:0 fatty acids, may contribute to the potential health benefits of dairy products, especially for overweight adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Huifen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lyn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vessby
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberger
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Ching-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sinaiko
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000097:blood*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010743:Phospholipids; C008228:15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015237:Dinoprost