title: Communication about children's clinical trials as observed and experienced: qualitative study of parents and practitioners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruiting children to clinical trials is perceived to be challenging. To identify ways to optimise recruitment and its conduct, we compared how parents and practitioners described their experiences of recruitment to clinical trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This qualitative study ran alongside four children's clinical trials in 11 UK research sites. It compared analyses of semi-structured interviews with analyses of audio-recordings of practitioner-family dialogue during trial recruitment discussions. Parents from 59 families were interviewed; 41 had participated in audio-recorded recruitment discussions. 31 practitioners were interviewed. Parents said little in the recruitment discussions contributing a median 16% of the total dialogue and asking a median of one question. Despite this, parents reported a positive experience of the trial approach describing a sense of comfort and safety. Even if they declined or if the discussion took place at a difficult time, parents understood the need to approach them and spoke of the value of research. Some parents viewed participation as an 'exciting' opportunity. By contrast, practitioners often worried that approaching families about research burdened families. Some practitioners implied that recruiting to clinical trials was something which they found aversive. Many were also concerned about the amount of information they had to provide and believed this overwhelmed families. Whilst some practitioners thought the trial information leaflets were of little use to families, parents reported that they used and valued the leaflets. However, both parties agreed that the leaflets were too long and wanted them to be more reader-friendly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents were more positive about being approached to enter their child into a clinical trial than practitioners anticipated. The concerns of some practitioners, that parents would be overburdened, were unfounded. Educating practitioners about how families perceive clinical trials and providing them with 'moral' support in approaching families may benefit paediatric research and, ultimately, patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shilling
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sowden
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: Rosalind L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003142:Communication; D003710:Demography; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010820:Physicians; D013997:Time Factors