title: Effects of periodontal therapy on glucose management in people with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of intensive periodontal therapy on HbA(1c) in a mixed diabetes mellitus (DM) (types 1 and 2) population with moderate periodontitis (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 subjects with PD and DM, recruited from referrals to the Department of Endocrinology at the Perugia Hospital, were included in a follow-up cohort clinical study comprising two parallel periodontal therapy groups-one receiving intensive periodontal therapy (IPT, n=44) and the other serving as controls (CPT, n=49)-with an 8-month follow-up. Clinical periodontal examinations and blood samples were collected 4 and 8 months after the completion of therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IPT group presented with greater reductions of all periodontal indices compared with the CPT group at both follow-ups (P<0.001). Whereas, after 4 months, there were no major differences in HbA(1c) levels between groups, after 8 months, the IPT group presented with a 0.57% (95% CI: 0.12 to 1.09) greater reduction in HbA(1c) than the CPT group (P=0.03). This reduction was independent of age, gender, smoking and body mass index. However, the difference in HbA(1c) was greater in individuals with type 2 DM (0.95% reduction, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.58; P=0.004) compared with those with type 1 DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPT resulted in greater improvement of gingival health in patients with DM. Improved oral health in those with type 2 DM may have an effect on medium-term glucose management and could possibly lead to long-term health benefits. (ISRCTN00559156).
authors.affiliation: NAC Ambulatorio Odontoiatrico, Via M. Serao 36, 06134 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Aiuto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massi-Benedetti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human