title: A comparative study of the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya (Caricaceae) on Heligmosomoides bakeri.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of pawpaw seeds Carica papaya (Caricaceae) on the eggs and first stage larvae (L(1)) of Heligmosomoides bakeri.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eggs of this parasite were obtained from experimentally infested mice (Mus musculus) and larvae were from eggs after incubation at 25∘C for about 72 hours. The eggs and larvae were exposed to ten different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25 and 2.75 mg/mL) of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively for 72 hours. Distilled water and 0.05% ethanol used as placebo and negative control, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Placebo and negative control group all showed average 92% embryonnation, 98% egg hatching and 2% larval mortality, and did not affect development and larval survival. The extracts inhibited embryonic development, egg hatching and larval survival. In general, the ovicidal and larvicidal activities increased with increasing concentration of different extracts. The aqueous extract was found to be more potent on eggs than on larvae. At 2.75 mg/mL, only 8% of eggs embryonnated and 50% hatched to L(1) vs 57% embryonic development and 79% hatching occurred in the ethanolic extract. However, this later extract was more efficient in preventing larval development producing 96% mortality as against 68% with the aqueous extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results shows the ovicidal and larvicidal properties of aqueous and ethanolic pawpaw seeds extracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon. waboponejosue@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wabo Poné
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ngankam Ntemah
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bilong Bilong
authors.forename: Mpoame
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mbida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029441:Carica; D006369:Heligmosomatoidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts