title: Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012.
abstract: In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including 'apoptosis', 'necrosis' and 'mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both in vitro and in vivo settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U848, Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galluzzi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Alnemri
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Baehrecke
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Blagosklonny
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fulda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hengartner
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kepp
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lipton
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madeo
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Malorni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehlen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rubinsztein
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhivotovsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002477:Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis; D009336:Necrosis; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D020169:Caspases