title: Rural-urban epidemiologic transition of risk factors for coronary artery disease in college students of Hyderabad and nearby rural area--a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Massive urbanization in developing nations like India is predicted to cause epidemiologic transition to increased Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). To evaluate the rural-urban epidemiologic transition, risk factors for CAD were measured in two groups of subjects; Rural and Urban college students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 232 college students (58 men and 58 women in each group) aged between 18-22 years (mean 19.2 +/- 1.0). Since the age of urban youth was significantly higher (19.9 vs 18.4 years), age-adjusted analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted BMI was significantly higher in urban (21.8 vs 17.8); 69.8% of rural and 13.8% of urban were underweight whereas 3.5% of rural and 31.9% of urban were either overweight or obese. Waist circumference (73.2 vs 61.9 cm), waist: hip circumference ratio (0.80 vs 0.75), diastolic BP (72.7 vs 67.9 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (82.4 vs 79.0 mg/dl), total cholesterol (147.9 vs 129.2 mg/dl), and LDL (89.3 vs 71.9 mg/dl) were significantly higher in the urban group. Triglycerides (79.1 vs 76.5 mg/dl), VLDL (15.9 vs 15.2 mg/dl) and systolic BP (114 vs 115 mmHg) were not significantly different. HDL (43.3 vs 40.7 mg/dl) and Cholesterol/HDL ratio (3.5 vs 3.3) were higher in urban group but with borderline significance (p = 0.057 and 0.056 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidemiologic transition to higher risk for CAD is found in urban youth of Hyderabad compared to nearby villages, with increases in values of most parameters which are associated with increased risk for CAD. These findings need to be confirmed in extended studies to plan public health interventions to counteract the adverse effects of urbanization in early life.
authors.affiliation: Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, SHARE INDIA, Ghanpur village, RR District, AP, India.
authors.forename: Aparna Varma
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bhongir
authors.forename: Sugandhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nemani
authors.forename: P Sudhakar
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol