title: Patients with postpartum hemorrhage admitted in intensive care unit: Patient condition, interventions, and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted this study to analyze the data of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) following postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during one-year period, the interventions they received, and the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case records of patients admitted to ICU with PPH were analyzed. Data retrieved were as follows: Primary admission or referred case, duration between onset of PPH and arrival, condition at admission, resuscitative measures, procedures to manage PPH, presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and its management, duration of ICU stay, and the outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 21 patients with PPH, 15 were admitted in the ICU. All were referred from other hospitals. Duration between onset of PPH and arrival was 6 (15) hours (mean [standard deviation]). All were conscious on arrival. In 10 patients, blood pressure was not recordable. Tachycardia was a common feature. One patient had bradycardia (54 bpm/BP not recordable). Resuscitative measures included oxygen supplementation and fluid resuscitation. Eight patients underwent uterine artery embolization, 2 patients underwent embolization followed by surgery, and 11 patients underwent surgical intervention only. Twelve patients had DIC on admission which was managed with blood component therapy. Duration of stay in ICU was 12.6 (5.4) days (mean [standard deviation]). Two patients expired following intractable DIC and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Though these 2 patients had severe shock on presentation, they did not have DIC at the time of presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite early resuscitation and intensive care management, DIC is a major cause of mortality. Late onset DIC (onset after admission to ICU) was associated with poor outcome in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Hm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: Muralikrishna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chava
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jasmine
authors.forename: Nanda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shetty