title: Interaction profile for lead, manganese, zinc, and copper.
abstract: This interaction profile discusses and evaluates the evidence for joint toxic action among lead, manganese, zinc, and copper. The interaction profile recommends how to incorporate concerns about possible interactions or additivity into public health assessments of hazardous waste sites where people might be exposed to mixtures of these chemicals. The profile recommends using endpoint-specific hazard indexes and a hazard quotient to screen for potential health effects. The qualitative weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach is then used to predict the impact of interactions on the endpoint-specific hazard indexes and hazard quotient.
authors.affiliation: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, 1600 Clifton Rd, MS-F32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Nickolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roney
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colman