title: Efficacy of a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene for treatment and control of tick species infesting dogs in Europe.
abstract: Four studies were conducted to show the effectiveness of a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene in a spot-on formulation (CERTIFECT™, Merial Limited, GA, USA) for the therapeutic and preventive control of Ixodid tick species affecting dogs in Europe: Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In each, untreated control dogs were compared to others treated with the novel combination. All dogs were infested with 50 adult, unfed ticks prior to treatment and at 7-day intervals after treatment. Ticks on all dogs were counted at 18, 24 and 48 h after treatment (therapeutic efficacy) or infestation (preventive efficacy). Therapeutic efficacy of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene was excellent as shown by significant (p<0.05) and greater than 97% and up to 100% reductions in the 48 h tick counts and significant (p<0.05) detachment/death of ticks evident at 18-24h after treatment for all three tick species. Preventive efficacy was demonstrated by significant (p<0.05) and greater than 93% and up to 100% reductions in tick counts at 48 h after repeat infestations out to 35 days after treatment for I. ricinus and out to 42 days after treatment for D. reticulatus and R. sanguineus. The time to substantial disruption of establishment of new tick infestations after treatment was less than 18-24h and was maintained for up to 28 days after treatment of I. ricinus and D. reticulatus infestations, and 4h to at most 18 h and maintained up to 35 days after treatment of R. sanguineus. Similar preventive efficacy profiles for each of the Ixodid species tested suggest that CERTIFECT kills all Ixodid species starting 4h after contact as demonstrated for R. sanguineus.
authors.affiliation: Merial Animal Health Limited, Sandringham House, Harlow Business Park, Harlow CM19 5TG, UK. derek.baggott@merial.com
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baggott
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ollagnier
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Collidor
authors.forename: Yasmina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mallouk
authors.forename: Luiz G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cramer
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003870:Dermacentor / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018884:Ixodes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008726:Methoprene / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048508:Rhipicephalus sanguineus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D014052:Toluidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D014052:Toluidines; C014983:amitraz; D008726:Methoprene; C082360:fipronil