title: Development and haematotoxicological evaluation of doped hydroxyapatite based multimodal nanocontrast agent for near-infrared, magnetic resonance and X-ray contrast imaging.
abstract: Multimodal molecular imaging provides both anatomical and molecular information, aiding early stage detection and better treatment planning of diseased conditions. Here, we report development and nanotoxicity evaluation of a novel hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHAp) based multimodal contrast agent for combined near-infrared (NIR), MR and X-ray imaging. Under optimised wet-chemical conditions, we achieved simultaneous doping of nHAp (size ∼50 nm) with indocyanine green and Gd(3+) contributing to NIR contrast (∼750-850 nm), paramagnetic behaviour and X-ray absorption suitable for NIR, MR and X-ray contrast imaging, respectively. Haematocompatibility studies using stem cell viability, haemolysis, platelet activation, platelet aggregation and coagulation time analysis indicated excellent compatibility of doped nHAp (D-nHAp). Further, the immunogenic function studies using human lymphocytes (in vitro) showed that D-nHAp caused no adverse effects. Collectively, our studies suggest that D-nHAp with excellent biocompatibility and multifunctional properties is a promising nanocontrast agent for combined NIR, MR and X-ray imaging applications.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanoscience and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Anusha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashokan
authors.forename: Parwathy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: Aparna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sadanandan
authors.forename: Chaitanya K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Koduri
authors.forename: Archana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Retnakumari
authors.forename: Deepthy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Shantikumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Manzoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koyakutty
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007249:Inflammation; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011859:Radiography; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D016207:Cytokines; D017886:Durapatite; D005682:Gadolinium