title: Binge alcohol exposure once a week in early pregnancy predicts temperament and sleeping problems in the infant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause several cognitive and behavioral difficulties. Few studies have investigated the associations with infant temperament or sleeping patterns. Our aim was to study potential associations between early prenatal binge exposure and infant temperament and sleeping pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population based longitudinal study, representative of pregnant women in Oslo, questionnaires were answered at 17 and 30weeks of pregnancy and 6months after term. Two factors, difficult temperament and sleeping problems, were identified using Principal Component Analysis and dichotomized at the least optimal 14-15%. Logistic regression analyses identified predictive factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal binge drinking (≥5 drinks per occasion) once a week during pregnancy week 0-6 significantly predicted both difficult temperament (Odds Ratio OR 3.3**; 95% Confidence interval CI 1.4-7.9) and sleeping problems (OR 5.3**; 95% CI 2.1-13.7) in the infant, after adjusting for other confounding factors. Including binge drinking more often than once a week, further increased the OR of sleeping problems (6.0***; 2.7-13.7). Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms also predicted both outcomes. Reduced birth weight predicted difficult temperament. Maternal satisfaction with life reduced the probability of sleeping problems. Maternal smoking, and work stress, during pregnancy had no predictive power. The results were not explained by binge drinking later during pregnancy or higher consumption per occasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binge drinking once a week during pregnancy week 0-6 had stronger predictive power of difficult temperament and sleeping problems during infancy, than other covariates. The findings support advising women to avoid binge drinking when planning pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway. astrid.alvik@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvik
authors.forename: Anne Mari
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: Odd O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Aalen
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009664:Norway; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013694:Temperament / Q000187:drug effects*