title: Complex odor from plants under attack: herbivore's enemies react to the whole, not its parts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insect herbivory induces plant odors that attract herbivores' natural enemies. Assuming this attraction emerges from individual compounds, genetic control over odor emission of crops may provide a rationale for manipulating the distribution of predators used for pest control. However, studies on odor perception in vertebrates and invertebrates suggest that olfactory information processing of mixtures results in odor percepts that are a synthetic whole and not a set of components that could function as recognizable individual attractants. Here, we ask if predators respond to herbivore-induced attractants in odor mixtures or to odor mixture as a whole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied a system consisting of Lima bean, the herbivorous mite Tetranychus urticae and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. We found that four herbivore-induced bean volatiles are not attractive in pure form while a fifth, methyl salicylate (MeSA), is. Several reduced mixtures deficient in one component compared to the full spider-mite induced blend were not attractive despite the presence of MeSA indicating that the predators cannot detect this component in these odor mixtures. A mixture of all five HIPV is most attractive, when offered together with the non-induced odor of Lima bean. Odors that elicit no response in their pure form were essential components of the attractive mixture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the predatory mites perceive odors as a synthetic whole and that the hypothesis that predatory mites recognize attractive HIPV in odor mixtures is unsupported.
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Section Population Biology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.vanwijk@.uva.nl
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.forename: Paulien J A
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.forename: Maurice W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Sabelis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D040102:Tetranychidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012459:Salicylates; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C033069:methyl salicylate