title: Atrial strain rate is a sensitive measure of alterations in atrial phasic function in healthy ageing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Strain and strain rate measure local deformation of the myocardium and have been used to evaluate phasic atrial function in various disease states. The aim of this study was to define normal values for tissue Doppler-derived atrial strain measurements and examine age-related changes by decade in healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed on 188 healthy subjects. Tissue Doppler-derived strain and strain rate were measured from the apical four and two-chamber views of the left atrium, and global values were calculated as the mean of all segments. Measurements included peak systolic strain, systolic strain rate, early and late diastolic strain rate. Phasic left atrial volumes and fractions were calculated. Mitral inflow and tissue Doppler imaging were employed to estimate left ventricular diastolic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in global systolic strain was observed from decade 6. Alterations in atrial strain rate were apparent from decade 5; systolic strain rate and early diastolic strain rate decreased, while late diastolic strain rate increased significantly. Changes in phasic atrial volume and function occurred in conjunction with age-related changes in left ventricular diastolic function. Importantly, age-related changes in global atrial systolic strain rate and early diastolic strain rate occurred a decade before corresponding changes in atrial phasic volume parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atrial strain and strain rate can be used to quantify atrial phasic function and appear to be altered before traditional parameters with ageing. Strain analysis may therefore be more sensitive in detecting subclinical atrial dysfunction with alterations in strain rate parameters observed before traditional parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Elizabeth Drive, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool NSW 2170, Australia.
authors.forename: Anita C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: David A B
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marwick
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D016275:Atrial Function; D004452:Echocardiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology