title: Effect of laser micromachining of titanium on viability and responsiveness of osteoblast-like cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laser engineering may create hemispherical porosities on titanium surfaces obtaining regular and predetermined rough titanium surfaces. The aim of this study was to assess the viability and the proliferation of primary osteoblast-like cells (OB) to growth factors on titanium surfaces with a different roughness in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  OB were obtained from volunteers undergoing wisdom tooth removal following a standardized protocol. OB were allowed to attach on 4 different titanium surfaces: sandblasted titanium (SBT) disks, 5-, 10-, and 20-μm regular laser-engineered micropore titanium disks. A well with no disk was used as control. Cell morphology was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Viability was measured with MTT (3[4,5 dimethylthiazol 2yl]2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Proliferation rate of attached cells was evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8 48 hours after platelet-released supernatant (PRS) application. Statistical analysiswas performed with analysis of variance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All surfaces showed OB attachment on scanning electron microscopy. OB appeared more numerous on 20T surfaces. Laser-engineered surfaces showed higher OB viability than SBT (P < 0.01). In terms of proliferation, viability increase was noted for all groups after platelet-released supernatant application. 20T and SBT disks seemed to trigger the higher cellular proliferation (20T vs 10T, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser-engineered porous titanium surfaces promote viability and proliferation of OB. In particular, hemispherical porosity of 20 μm seems to trigger the higher OB response. Further research is needed to confirm these data.
authors.affiliation: Section of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cei
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Legitimo
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barachini
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Consolini
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sammartino
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mattii
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabriele
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graziani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016062:Porosity; D011554:Pseudopodia; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D014025:Titanium