title: Patient-reported outcome measures suitable to assessment of patient navigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are measures completed by patients to capture outcomes that are meaningful and valued by patients. To help standardize PRO measures in patient navigation research and program evaluation, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Working Group (PROWG) was convened as part of the American Cancer Society's National Patient Navigator Leadership Summit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PROWG consisted of clinicians, researchers, and program managers from a variety of perspectives who developed a set of recommended PRO measures across the cancer continuum (ie, screening, diagnostic follow-up, treatment, survivorship, end of life) as well as those useful for assessing family caregivers. Measures were recommended based on face validity, responsiveness to navigation, reliability, and construct validity in relevant populations. Other considerations included readability, existence of multiple language versions, the existence of norm groups, and respondent burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PROWG reached consensus on measures for use in the domains of treatment adherence; perceived barriers to care; satisfaction with cancer care; satisfaction with patient navigation services; working alliance with patient navigator; perceived knowledge/competence/self-efficacy; functional assessment/symptom burden; global quality of life; specific quality-of-life symptoms (eg, depression, anxiety); and perceived cultural competency of the navigator. In domains where validated measures were found lacking, recommendations were made for areas of needed scale development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These measures should guide research and programmatic evaluation of patient navigation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Family Medicine and Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. Kevin_Fiscella@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ransom
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jean-Pierre
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cella
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crane-Okada
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gentry
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canosa
authors.forename: Tenbroeck
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Karyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D019090:Case Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017741:Survivors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States