title: Serum estradiol does not differentiate stress, mixed and urge incontinent women around menopause. A report from the Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To outline serum estradiol levels in perimenopausal women with stress, mixed or urge incontinence. We believe the majority of urgency symptoms in perimenopausal women to be caused by a pelvic floor dysfunction and a hypermobility of the bladder neck. If this is the case, there would be no difference in estradiol levels between the groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital. In the observational Women's Health in the Lund Area study, a subset of 400/2221 women reporting urinary incontinence completed a detailed questionnaire regarding lower urinary tract symptoms and had their serum steroid hormone levels measured. Statistical analyses were made by Chi-square test, nonparametrical tests, ANOVA, multi- and univariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress incontinence was reported by 196, mixed incontinence by 153 and urge incontinence by 43 women; in 369, serumestradiol values were available. Serum estradiol did not differ significantly between stress incontinent (median 49.5 pmo/l, range 2.63-875.4), urge incontinent (median 31.6 pmol/l, range 2.63-460.7) or mixed incontinent women (median 35.5 pmol/l, range 2.63-787.9, p=0.62). Logistic regression analysis correcting for age, parity, hormonal status, smoking, hysterectomy and BMI also failed to show any difference in estradiol levels between the groups (p=0.41-0.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences in serum estradiol levels between stress, mixed or urge incontinent perimenopausal women could be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria Andrada
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Källén
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lidfeldt
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samsioe
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teleman
mesh_terms: D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D047648:Perimenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol