title: Kalopanax pictus as feed additive controls bacterial and parasitic infections in kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus.
abstract: Feeding kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus (26.1 ± 1.4), with 0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% Kalopanax pictus extract-supplementation diets, for 30 days reduced mortality on being challenged intraperitoneally 100 μl with bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus (2.1 × 10(7) cfu ml(-1)) and ciliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi (2.3 × 10(7) ciliates ml(-1)). The red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin, haematocrit, lymphocytes, and monocytes levels significantly increased in kelp grouper fed with all doses of K. pictus-supplementation diets and challenged with bacterium and parasite when compared to control. However, the levels of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophils, and thrombocytes did not significantly. The phagocytic activity, complement activity, and antiprotease activity did not significantly change in kelp grouper fed with 0.1% K. pictus-supplementation diets and challenged with bacterium and parasite. The respiratory activity, lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, total protein level, and myeloperoxidase levels significantly increased in kelp grouper fed with all the doses of K. pictus-supplementation diet and challenged with bacterium and parasite. However, α2-macroglobulin level significantly increased with 1.0% diet, but not with 0.1% and 2.0% diets. Therefore this study suggests that 1.0% and 2.0% K. pictus-supplementation diets positively protected and enhanced the immune system in kelp grouper E. bruneus against V. alginolyticus and P. dicentrarchi infection.
authors.affiliation: Marine Applied Microbes and Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, South Korea. rhari123@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harikrishnan
authors.forename: Ju-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Man-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chellam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balasundaram
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D036882:Kalopanax / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D016802:Oligohymenophorea; D010473:Perciformes; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010936:Plant Extracts