title: Modified Boytchev procedure for treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 200 different operations have been described for the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder. The Modified Boytchev procedure employs rerouting of the detached tip of coracoid process with its attached conjoined tendon (short head of biceps and coracobrachialis) deep to subscapularis and reattaches to its anatomical location. We conducted a study on evaluation of long-term effect of modified Boytchev procedure and to compare our results with other studies published in literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since June 2002, modified Boytchev procedure was performed on 48 patients, who presented with recurrent anterior dislocation. 45 were men and 3 were women and were in the age group of 18-40 years (mean 27.83±4.95 years). Forty patients were affected on the dominant side and rest on the non-dominant side. The mean number of dislocations in these patients was 18.22±12.08. The mean followup period was 58.13±19.06 months (range 18-96 months). The patients were evaluated by visual analogue score, modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon's Score (ASES), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score at the last followup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients regained almost preoperative range of forward flexion at the last followup. In the preoperative period the mean external rotation deficit at 0° and at 90° of abduction was 13.22°±5.16° and 18.06°±6.50°, respectively. At the last followup, the mean external rotation deficit at 0° and at 90° of abduction was 8.06°±2.47° and 8.95°±2.07°, respectively. This improvement in external rotation deficit was statistically significant (P<.05). Preoperative scores were compared with the most recent followup scores for all variables with use of a paired t test. All patients had significant improvement in visual analogue score, modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon's Score (ASES), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score at the last followup. Four of the patients developed superficial infection which got resolved after treating with antibiotics, and two of the patients developed transient musculocutaneous nerve paresis. There was no radiological evidence of loosening and migration of coracoid screw or any glenohumeral arthritis on subsequent followup of skiagrams in any of our patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified Boytchev procedure is an efficacious and technically simple procedure to treat recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Anant Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Saankritya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayan
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Keshari
authors.forename: Debi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.forename: Kiran Kumar
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Biplab
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Acharyya