title: Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae infection in a 43-year-old Italian man with hypoglobulinemia: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae is an uncommon human pathogen with serious infections reported in immunocompromised hosts. In Europe, only a few cases have been described. Patients with this infection usually have a history of contact with reptiles or travel abroad. We present a case report of infection in a patient with hypoglobulinemia and a literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the case of a 43-year-old Caucasian Italian man with hypoglobulinemia who presented to our hospital with sepsis and diarrhea. A stool culture yielded S. enterica ssp. arizonae. Our patient was treated with oral ciprofloxacin and made a full recovery. We also present a review of the cases of S. enterica ssp. arizonae infections previously reported in Europe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of infections from S. enterica ssp. arizonae occur in patients who are immunocompromised. Data from the literature suggests that it may be difficult to eradicate the bacteria and thus, prolonged antibiotic courses are often used. It would be advisable for clinicians to investigate for pre-existing immune dysfunction if S. enterica ssp. arizonae is isolated. In Italy, although there have only been a few cases, the likely route of transmission remains unclear and requires further surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Second Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Via Portuense, 292 00149, Rome, Italy. stefano932@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Bella
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capone
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bordi
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topino
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petrosillo