title: High-resolution, noninvasive longitudinal live imaging of immune responses.
abstract: Intravital imaging emerged as an indispensible tool in biological research, and a variety of imaging techniques have been developed to noninvasively monitor tissues in vivo. However, most of the current techniques lack the resolution to study events at the single-cell level. Although intravital multiphoton microscopy has addressed this limitation, the need for repeated noninvasive access to the same tissue in longitudinal in vivo studies remains largely unmet. We now report on a previously unexplored approach to study immune responses after transplantation of pancreatic islets into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye. This approach enabled (i) longitudinal, noninvasive imaging of transplanted tissues in vivo; (ii) in vivo cytolabeling to assess cellular phenotype and viability in situ; (iii) local intervention by topical application or intraocular injection; and (iv) real-time tracking of infiltrating immune cells in the target tissue.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Midhat H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Abdulreda
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faleo
authors.forename: Ruth Damaris
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Molano
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez-Cabezas
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Yaohong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Oscar A Ron
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Echeverria
authors.forename: Elsie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zahr-Akrawi
authors.forename: Rayner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Diaz
authors.forename: Patrick K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Edlund
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leibiger
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caicedo
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pileggi
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Berggren
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D018925:Chemokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D018925:Chemokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C119369:TAK 779