title: Effects of antihypertensive treatment on endothelial function in postmenopausal hypertensive women. A significant role for aldosterone inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is a well-demonstrated independent predictor of cardiovascular events in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Accordingly, it is plausible that improving endothelial function could represent an adjunctive target for antihypertensive treatment. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of pharmacologic treatment on endothelial function in the specific population of hypertensive postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 320 consecutive hypertensive postmenopausal women underwent a high-resolution ultrasound study of the brachial artery at baseline and after six months, while 'optimal' control of blood pressure (maintenance of blood pressure values below 140/90 mmHg at all follow-up visits) was achieved using antihypertensive therapy. Endothelial function was measured as flow-mediated dilation, using ultrasound method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After six months of treatment, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) had significantly improved in the majority of patients (n = 257 [80.3% of the entire population]; FMD = 8.1 ± 1.0% at baseline vs. 10.6 ± 1.5% after follow-up; p < 0.001), but it had not changed or worsened in others (n = 63 [19.7%]; FMD = 8.2 ± 1.2% at baseline vs. 7.6 ± 1.0% after six months; p = ns). Improvement of endothelial function, at multivariate analysis, resulted independently associated with the use of aldosterone inhibitors (odds ratio = 2.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.55-2.75; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that a significant improvement in endothelial function may be obtained after six months of an optimal antihypertensive therapy. Among all hypertensive postmenopausal women that achieved an optimal control of blood pressure during follow-up, the use of drugs that inhibit aldosterone receptors was associated with an improvement of endothelial function, beyond the 'optimal' blood pressure control.
authors.affiliation: Early Atherosclerotic Clinic (Bene Essere Donna & Cardiometabolic Center) of Policlinico Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. rossi.rosario@unimore.it
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Annachiara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuzzo
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iaccarino
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lattanzi
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Origliani
authors.forename: Daniel Enrique
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Monopoli
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Modena
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003710:Demography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D000450:Aldosterone