title: A novel GFP-based approach for screening biocontrol microorganisms in vitro against Dothistroma septosporum.
abstract: Dothistroma septosporum is the causal agent of Dothistroma needle blight of pine trees. A novel green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based screening method was developed to assess the potential of microorganisms for biocontrol of Dothistroma. The screen utilizes GFP expression as an indicator of metabolic activity in the pathogen and hygromycin resistance selection to determine if the interaction is fungistatic or fungicidal. Results suggested that six of eight Trichoderma isolates tested have the potential to control Dothistroma in vitro, via a fungicidal action. Because D. septosporum produces a broad-spectrum toxin, dothistromin, the inhibition of Trichoderma spp. by D. septosporum was determined by growth rate measurements compared to controls. Inhibition of the Trichoderma spp. ranged from no inhibition to 30% inhibition and was influenced by the assay medium used. The GFP screening method was also assessed to determine if it was suitable for screening bacteria as potential biocontrol candidates. Although a method involving indirect-contact had to be used, two of four Bacillus strains showed antagonistic activity against D. septosporum in vitro, via a fungistatic interaction. The four bacterial strains inhibited D. septosporum growth by 14.0 to 39.8%. This GFP-based method represents a novel approach to screening fungi and bacteria for antagonistic activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDougal
authors.forename: Shuiying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwelm
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Rosie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D009172:Mycology / Q000379:methods; D056507:Paenibacillus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D028223:Pinus / Q000382:microbiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins