title: The factors affecting stiffness occurring with rotator cuff tear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stiffness after a rotator cuff tear is common, and it affects postoperative prognosis. This study aims to define the factors affecting stiffness that accompanies rotator cuff tear.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2002 to May 2009 (84 months), 143 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Of these, 119 were enrolled as subjects in this study. Preoperative range of motion was measured in all patients. Stiffness of the shoulder was defined as restriction of active and passive motion of 100° of elevation or less, less than 50% of external rotation, and internal rotation only to the sacrum. Factors that can affect stiffness were evaluated, including the type, size, and direction of rotator cuff; duration of symptoms; gender; age; presence of accompanying medical disease; degenerative factors (Goutallier classification); and presence of trauma. Retrospective analysis was conducted accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significantly higher degree of stiffness was seen for full-thickness tears than for partial-thickness tears (P = .0187). Between 2 groups that were divided by direction of rotator cuff tear, posterosuperior cuff tears showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of stiffness (P = .0415). Patients with trauma had a statistically higher prevalence of stiffness (P = .0264). The other factors did not show significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with rotator cuff tear, the type and direction of rotator cuff tear and the presence of trauma seem to increase the limitation of preoperative joint range of motion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Suk
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jang-Seuk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ki-Chan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Jung-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D022125:Lacerations / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010808:Physical Examination; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012421:Rupture / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome