title: Effect of Oxygen-Reducing Atmospheres on the Safety of Packaged Shelled Brazil Nuts during Storage.
abstract: This work reports the application of oxygen-(O(2)-) reducing atmosphere methods on stored shelled Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) packs aiming to evaluate the degree of aflatoxin degradation, nuts lipid oxidative stability, fungi control, and hygienic conditions improvement. The methods applied were (a) ozone: O(3), (b) carbon dioxide: CO(2), and (c) O(2) absorber pads with and without vacuum. From all modified atmospheres evaluated, the best performance was obtained with O(3), either with or without vacuum. It was the only nut treatment that was able to degrade aflatoxins. None of the spiked (AFLs: 15 μg·kg(-1)) nut samples O(3)- treated had aflatoxins detected up to the LC-MS/MS method LOQ (0.36 μg·kg(-1) for total AFLs), thus producing safer nuts. Also it kept the fatty acid oxidation indicator-malondialdehyde stable and improved the sensory attributes for consumer acceptance. In addition, the destruction of fungi and yeast was observed since the O(3) application (from 1.8 × 10(4) cfu/g to NG = no growth). All other treatments stabilized and/or inhibited microorganisms' growth only. By adding CO(2) gas also played an important role in the nut quality. Regarding cost, gaseous O(3) showed to be of low cost for application in the nut packs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Mycotoxicology and Food Contaminants, Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vildes Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Scussel
authors.forename: Barbara Nantua
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simao
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manfio
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galvao
authors.forename: Manuel Nazaré Ferreira
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rodrigues