title: A variable temperature solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and Raman scattering study of molecular dynamics in ferroelectric fluorides.
abstract: The local nuclear and electronic structures and molecular dynamics of the ferroelectric lattice in selected geometric fluorides (BaMgF(4), BaZnF(4), BaMg(1 - x)Mn(x)F(4) and BaMg(1 - x)Ni(x)F(4); x = 0.001 and 0.005) have been investigated. The (19)F and (25)Mg isotropic chemical shift δ(iso), (25)Mg quadrupolar coupling constants (C(q)) and asymmetry parameters (η) reflect the geometry of the coordination spheres. The zero-field splitting parameters |D| and |E| are consistent with distorted axial symmetry (low temperatures) and nearly rhombic symmetry (high temperatures) of octahedral Mn(2+) coordination. The high resolution of the nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and phonon spectra are consistent with the highly ordered crystallographic structure. Combined multi-technique data evidence the subtle discontinuous changes in the temperature dependences of |D| and |E|, isotropic chemical shifts δ(iso) and signature parameters of Raman bands and suggest a discontinuous structural distortion of the fluoride octahedra. The temperature at which this change occurs depends on the ionic radius of the central ion of the octahedral site and is estimated to be ∼ 300 K for Zn(2+) fluorides and ∼ 240 K for Mg(2+) fluorides. This geometrical distortion modifies the lattice dynamics and originates from the rotation of the fluoride octahedra around a new direction approximately perpendicular to that related to the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. r.kowalczyk@surrey.ac.uk
authors.forename: Radoslaw M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreisel
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dupree
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Smith