title: Water-soluble extract of Pacific Krill prevents triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes by suppressing PPARγ and C/EBPα expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pacific Krill (Euphausia pacifica) are small, red crustaceans, similar to shrimp, that flourish in the North Pacific and are eaten in Japan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the effect of a water-soluble extract of Pacific Krill on adipocytes and discovered that this extract suppressed triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes. Furthermore, the water-soluble extract of Pacific Krill suppressed the expression of two master regulators of adipocyte differentiation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). C/EBPβ promotes PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, but the water-soluble extract of Pacific Krill did not inhibit the expression of C/EBPβ or C/EBPβ-mediated transcriptional activation. The Pacific Krill extract was more effective than a PPARγ antagonist in suppressing PPARγ and C/EBPα expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that the water-soluble extract of Pacific Krill was not simply a PPARγ antagonist, but that it prevented triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes by suppression of PPARγ and C/EBPα via a pathway that is independent of C/EBPβ.
authors.affiliation: Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan. hyamada@ibrc.or.jp
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D033201:Euphausiacea / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D014867:Water