title: Pediatric orbital fractures.
abstract: The clinical presentation and management of pediatric orbital fractures have many unique features that differentiate them from orbital injuries encountered in the adult population. An understanding of the particular anatomic and mechanical properties of pediatric orbital bone and soft tissue helps to explain most of these differences. This article reviews the epidemiology, anatomy, growth implications, pathomechanics, particular clinical features, assessment, and surgical management of pediatric orbital fractures.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Anomalies Program, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA. mitchell.a.stotland@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: Mitchell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stotland
authors.forename: Nicholas K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Do
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed