title: Helping Babies Breathe: global neonatal resuscitation program development and formative educational evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an educational program designed to train health care providers in resource limited settings to carry out neonatal resuscitation. We analyzed facilitator and learner perceptions about the course, examined skill performance, and assessed the quality of instruments used for learner evaluation as part of the formative evaluation of the educational program Helping Babies Breathe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple stakeholders and a Delphi panel contributed to program development. Training of facilitators and learners occurred in global field test sites. Course evaluations and focus groups provided data on facilitator and learner perceptions. Knowledge and skill assessments included pre/post scores from multiple choice questions (MCQ) and post-training assessment of bag and mask skills, as well as 2 objective structured clinical evaluations (OSCE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two sites (Kenya and Pakistan) trained 31 facilitators and 102 learners. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the program and high self-efficacy with respect to neonatal resuscitation. Assessment of participant knowledge and skills pre/post-program demonstrated significant gains; however, the majority of participants could not demonstrate mastery of bag and mask ventilation on the post-training assessment without additional practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants in a program for neonatal resuscitation in resource-limited settings demonstrated high satisfaction, high self-efficacy and gains in knowledge and skills. Mastery of ventilation skills and integration of skills into case management may not be achievable in the classroom setting without additional practice, continued learning, and active mentoring in the workplace. These findings were used to revise program structure, materials and assessment tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lockyer
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: Maqbool
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qadir
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niermeyer
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000193:education*