title: Mild traumatic brain injury: are ED providers identifying which patients are at risk?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify patients with specific ED discharge diagnoses reporting symptoms associated with a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), compare frequency/severity of MTBI symptoms by discharge diagnosis, investigate head injury education provided at ED discharge, and learn about changes made by MTBI patients after injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Post Concussion Symptom Scale, a demographic questionnaire, and open-ended questions about the impact the injury had on patients' lives were completed by 52 ED patients, at least 2 weeks after injury, discharged with concussion/closed head injury, head laceration, motor vehicle crash (MVC), or whiplash/cervical strain diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1 and 23 MTBI symptoms were reported by 84.6% of the participants. Headache and fatigue were the most common; female patients had almost twice as many symptoms on average as male patients. Of MVC patients, 83.3% reported moderate severity scores for all 4 Post Concussion Symptom Scale categories, and these represented the highest overall severity scores. Concussion/closed head injury diagnosis patients received the most head injury education. The majority of patients were more cautious after injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most participants reported having MTBI symptoms. Although MVC participants reported the most severe MTBI symptoms, they had the least head injury education. Emergency nurses need to be aware patients may have an MTBI regardless of their presenting symptoms or injury severity.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Utah Valley Regional Medical Center, Provo, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mandleco
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilshaw
authors.forename: Renea L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Beckstrand
authors.forename: Sondra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heaston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000379:methods; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult