title: Roles of ceramide synthase and ceramide clearence genes in nilotinib-induced cell death in chronic myeloid leukemia cells.
abstract: In this study, we aimed to increase the sensitivity of human K562 and Meg-01 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells to nilotinib by targeting bioactive sphingolipids, in addition to investigating the roles of ceramide metabolizing genes in nilotinib induced apoptosis. Cytotoxic effects of nilotinib, C8:ceramide, glucosyle ceramide synthase (GCS) and sphingosine kinase-1 (SK-1) inhibitors were determined by XTT cell proliferation assay and synergism between the agents was determined by isobologram analysis. Also, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results demonstrated that expression levels of longevity assurance (LASS) genes in response to nilotinib were correlated with sensitivity to nilotinib. For the first time, The results of this study showed for the first time that nilotinib induces apoptosis through upregulating ceramide synthase genes and downregulating SK-1 in CML cells in addition to inhibition of BCR/ABL. On the other hand, manipulating bioactive sphingolipids toward generation/accumulation of ceramides increased the apoptotic effects of nilotinib in CML cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camgoz
authors.forename: Emel Basak
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gencer
authors.forename: Ali Ugur
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: Ferit
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avcu
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baran
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053148:Caspase 3; D002518:Ceramides; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D009025:Morpholines; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C033110:RV 538; C023246:ceramide glucosyltransferase; C498826:nilotinib