title: Oncological and functional outcomes following open radical prostatectomy: how patients may achieve the "Trifecta"?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The desirable outcomes after open radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PC) are to: a) achieve disease recurrence free, b) urinary continence (UC), and c) maintain sexual potency (SP). These 3 combined desirable outcomes we called it the "Trifecta". Our aim is to assess the likelihood of achieving the Trifecta, and to analyze the influencing the Trifecta.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1738 men with localized PC underwent RP from 1992-2007 by a single surgeon. The exclusion criteria for this analysis were: preoperative hormonal or radiation therapy, preoperative urinary incontinence or erectile dysfunction, follow-up less than 24 months or insufficient data. Post-operative Trifecta factors were analyzed, including biochemical recurrence (BR). We defined: BR as PSA ≥ 0.2 ng/mL, urinary continence as wearing no pads, and sexual potency as having erections sufficient for intercourse with or without a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 831 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the entire cohort was 59 years old. The median follow-up was 52 months (mean 60, range 24-202). The BR, UC and SP rates were 18.7%, 94.5%, and 71% respectively. Trifecta was achieved in 64% at 2 year follow-up, and 61% at 5 year follow-up. Multivariate analysis revealed age at time of surgery, pathologic Gleason score (PGS), pathologic stage, specimen weight, and nerve sparing (NS) were independent factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age at time of surgery, pathologic GS, pathologic stage, specimen weight and NS were independent predictors to achieve the Trifecta following radical prostatectomy. This information may help patients counseling undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antebi
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eldefrawy
authors.forename: Devendar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katkoori
authors.forename: Cynthia T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Soloway
authors.forename: Murugesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Soloway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control*