title: Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hypophysitis: a short review.
abstract: Medical therapy of autoimmune hypophysitis with immunosuppressive drugs can be effective to induce remission of the disease by treating both pituitary dysfunction and compression symptoms. We describe the case of a 41-yr-old man with autoimmune hypophysitis in whom prednisone therapy induced remission of the disease but was followed by a sudden relapse after withdrawal. A second trial of corticosteroid was started and succeeded in inducing remission of the disease. Eight months after the second withdrawal pituitary function was restored, pituitary mass had disappeared, only partial diabetes insipidus remained unchanged. Review of the literature identified 30 articles, among case reports and case series, reporting a total of 44 cases of autoimmune hypophysitis treated with glucocorticoids and/or azathioprine. Combining all the cases, medical therapy resulted to be effective in reducing the pituitary mass in 84%, in improving anterior pituitary function in 45%, and in restoring posterior pituitary function in 41%. Clinical aspects of autoimmune hypophysitis are discussed and a possible algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, via Paradisa, 2 56124 Pisa, Italy. isabellalupi@yahoo.it
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manetti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raffaelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cosottini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Basolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bogazzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caturegli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone