title: Dietary reporting errors on 24 h recalls and dietary questionnaires are associated with BMI across six European countries as evaluated with recovery biomarkers for protein and potassium intake.
abstract: Whether there are differences between countries in the validity of self-reported diet in relation to BMI, as evaluated using recovery biomarkers, is not well understood. We aimed to evaluate BMI-related reporting errors on 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and on dietary questionnaires (DQ) using biomarkers for protein and K intake and whether the BMI effect differs between six European countries. Between 1995 and 1999, 1086 men and women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition completed a single 24-HDR, a DQ and one 24 h urine collection. In regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, education and country, each unit (1 kg/m²) increase in BMI predicted an approximately 1·7 and 1·3 % increase in protein under-reporting on 24-HDR and DQ, respectively (both P < 0·0001). Exclusion of individuals who probably misreported energy intake attenuated BMI-related bias on both instruments. The BMI effect on protein under-reporting did not differ for men and women and neither between countries on both instruments as tested by interaction (all P>0·15). In women, but not in men, the DQ yielded higher mean intakes of protein that were closer to the biomarker-based measurements across BMI groups when compared with 24-HDR. Results for K were similar to those of protein, although BMI-related under-reporting of K was of a smaller magnitude, suggesting differential misreporting of foods. Under-reporting of protein and K appears to be predicted by BMI, but this effect may be driven by 'low-energy reporters'. The BMI effect on under-reporting seems to be the same across countries.
authors.affiliation: Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.forename: Marit M E
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Bakel
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biessy
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Byrnes
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santucci de Magistris
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grioni
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Marga C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ocké
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teucher
authors.forename: Anne-Claire
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vergnaud
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Francesca L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naska
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Anne-Kathrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Illner
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D015982:Bias; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000652:urine; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D017419:Potassium, Dietary