title: Botulinum toxin type A in patients with Parkinson's disease and refractory overactive bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this 6-month followup study we investigated the effect of intradetrusor injection of 100 U botulinum toxin type A in patients with Parkinson's disease and refractory detrusor overactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with Parkinson's disease and detrusor overactivity refractory to anticholinergics were injected with 100 U botulinum toxin type A. Daytime and nighttime urinary frequency, and urinary incontinence episodes were recorded. Patients also completed a standardized quality of life questionnaire on incontinence and a visual analog scale on the impact of bladder problems on daily life activities, and underwent urodynamic assessment, including pressure flow studies. Clinical and urodynamic assessment was performed before, and 1, 3 and 6 months after injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients 100 U botulinum toxin type A induced decreased daytime and nighttime urinary frequency, a decreased number of urinary incontinence episodes, increased quality of life scores and, as shown by increased maximum cystometric capacity, improved urodynamic findings. In 2 patients with Parkinson's disease post-void residual urine volume developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intradetrusor injection of 100 U botulinum toxin type A induced clinical and urodynamic improvement in overactive bladder symptoms that lasted at least 6 months in patients with Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Andrology, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, and Department of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. agianton@libero.it
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannantoni
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giovannozzi
authors.forename: Aroldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fabbrini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porena
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berardelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D013997:Time Factors; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A