title: Effects of micronised purified flavonoid fraction on pain, semen analysis and scrotal color Doppler parameters in patients with painful varicocele; results of a randomized placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of micronised purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon(®)) on pain, semen analysis and color Doppler parameters in patients with painful varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty varicocele patients whom have normal sperm concentration (>20 million/ml) were involved in the study. The patients were divided into two groups such as Daflon (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) group. Pain score, semen analyses and Doppler sonography were performed in all patients before and after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first group, mean pain scores at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months were 1.80 ± 1.32, 1.15 ± 0.93, 1.05 ± 0.95 and 0.95 ± 0.89, respectively, all were significantly lower (P < 0.001 for each) than baseline (5.25 ± 1.07). While semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration and morphology were not changed significantly, the motility of sperm increased significantly (P = 0.015) due to decrease in grade 1 sperms at the 6th month in the first group. Reflux time of left spermatic vein during the Valsalva maneuver decreased significantly (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest the safety and efficacy of Daflon in the treatment of varicocele-associated pain. However, these results of the present study must be confirmed by randomized placebo-controlled studies by using different drug doses and durations before making any recommendation for the use of Daflon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. drhaluks@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Söylemez
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiliç
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atar
authors.forename: Necmettin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Penbegül
authors.forename: Ahmet Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sancaktutar
authors.forename: Yaşar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; C041477:3-hydroxyflavone