title: Role of carbon monoxide in impaired endothelial function mediated by acute second-hand tobacco, incense, and candle smoke exposures.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if carbon monoxide (CO) is responsible for acute adverse cardiovascular effects of different sources of smoke: second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS), incense and candle smoke. Endothelial function was tested using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in pigs and was shown to be sensitive to nitric oxide synthase blockade. Subsequent experiments showed that FMD was significantly impaired compared to sham-exposed pigs at 30 min after a 30-min exposure to all three sources of smoke. In contrast, SHS significantly increased systolic, diastolic and pulse pressures compared to sham-exposure, while both incense and candle smoke exposure had no effect. The FMD impairment correlated well with CO levels in the exposure chamber, but not total particulates or venous CO-hemoglobin. Therefore, this study suggests a gas phase component of smoke that accompanies CO, but not CO itself, is responsible for acute endothelial dysfunction after SHS, incense or candle smoke exposure.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. lynn.weber@usask.ca
authors.forename: Lynn P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Dissi
authors.forename: Jordan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marit
authors.forename: Timothy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: Sharilyn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Terletski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005552:Forelimb / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D008706:Methemoglobin; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D003367:Cotinine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester