title: Effect of the cation-chloride cotransporter inhibitor furosemide in a rat model of postoperative pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, evidence has accumulated to show that cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) participate in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal cord level. To investigate whether CCC inhibitors might affect surgical pain, we examined the effect of furosemide in a rat incisional pain model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined pain thresholds using von Frey filaments in intact and incision model Sprague-Dawley rats before and after intrathecal furosemide administration (100 µg/20 µL). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (N=6), groups A and B were intact rats, which received furosemide and its solvent, respectively. Groups C and D were incision rats, which received furosemide and its solvent, respectively. Non-parametric tests were used to calculate pain thresholds, and P<0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Furosemide decreased the pain threshold (vs solvent) in intact rats for 2 hours after administration and caused excitatory behavior. However, furosemide increased the pain threshold in incision model rats ([1] at the incision point: at 20 minutes, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and on the second to fifth days after incision; [2] at the remote point: at 20 minutes, 3-5 hours, and from the 3rd to the 7th day after incision) and improved wound recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal administration of the CCC inhibitor furosemide had antinociceptive effects in rats with incisional pain. Furosemide may be a novel treatment for postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. kaganhyu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yanbing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wenjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Huansen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D005665:Furosemide