title: Results of biopsy via transurethral cystoscopy and cystotomy for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and urethra in dogs: 92 cases (2003-2008).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic utility of transurethral cystoscopic biopsy in dogs with histologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder and urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  92 dogs with histologically confirmed TCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on sex, breed, neuter status, body weight, tumor location, biopsy method, number of biopsy procedures, experience level of clinician performing biopsy, and quality of biopsy sample was obtained from medical records. The association of variables with likelihood of achieving a diagnostic-quality biopsy sample was evaluated by use of logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  If used as the initial biopsy method, cystoscopic biopsy samples were of diagnostic quality in 65% of male dogs and 96% of female dogs with histologically confirmed TCC. Cystoscopic biopsy samples were significantly more likely to be of diagnostic quality in female dogs than in male dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystoscopic biopsy is an effective method to obtain biopsy samples in dogs with TCC of the bladder and urethra. Cystoscopy is more likely to produce a diagnostic-quality biopsy sample in female dogs with TCC than in male dogs with TCC. Cystoscopy should be considered as a primary means of biopsy in male and female dogs with masses of the urinary bladder or urethra.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. mochildr@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Childress
authors.forename: Larry G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramos-Vara
authors.forename: Lynetta J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Constable
authors.forename: Deborah W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Knapp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D053715:Cystotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*