title: Collecting standards: teaching botanical skills in Sweden, 1850-1950.
abstract: Standards of botanical practice in Sweden between 1850 and 1950 were set, not only in schools and universities, but also in naturalist societies and botanical exchange clubs, and were articulated in handbooks and manuals produced for schoolboys. These standards were maintained among volunteer naturalists in the environmental movement in the 1970s, long after the decline and disappearance of collecting from the curriculum. School science provides a link between the laboratory, the classroom, and the norms and practices of everyday life: between the various insides" and "outsides" of educational and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of History of Science and Ideas, Uppsala University.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beckman
mesh_terms: D001901:Botany / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D003479:Curriculum; D004493:Education / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D013548:Sweden