title: The relationship among acute-phase responce proteins, cytokines, and hormones in various gastrointestinal cancer types patients with cachectic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute-phase response proteins (APRPs), cytokines, and hormones have been claimed to be an independent, important factor of cancers. We suggest that in gastrointestinal system cancers, changes in APRP, cytokines, and hormones are associated.
  
  
  METHODS
  C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), midkine, vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A), VEGF-C, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1), leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin serum levels are studied in 148 gastrointestinal system cancer types and 40 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found statistically significant differences and correlations between groups. We found significantly higher serum CRP, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGFR1, and leptin concentrations in patients with esophageal, gastric, pancreas, colon, and rectum cancers than controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). But, we found lower levels of the serum albumin, midkine, adiponectin, and ghrelin in patients with esophageal, gastric, pancreas, colon, and rectum cancers compared to control subjects (p < 0.05, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cachexia in gastrointestinal system cancer types is associated with changes in APRP, cytokines, and hormone concentrations. This may be reflected between the outcomes in malignancies and the biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty, Van, Turkey. ozgurkemik@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kemik
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kemik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Begenik
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Erdur
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Purisa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuzun
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kotan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002100:Cachexia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000097:blood; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012709:Serum Albumin; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1