title: ADHD burden of illness in older adults: a life course perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the burden of illness and impact on patients' quality of life (QoL) experiences in older ADHD adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone interviews were conducted with older adult participants diagnosed with ADHD later in life. Transcripts were analyzed following a grounded theory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of participants (N = 24) was 66 years, and mean age at diagnosis was 57 years; 68% were men and 63% reported other comorbid mental health conditions. ADHD symptoms reported were inattention (71%), impulsivity (58%), hyperactivity (54%), and disorganization (54%). The majority of participants (63%) experienced an accumulated lifetime burden of illness and reported being financially less-well-off, had lower educational achievement, job performance, and greater social isolation due to their ADHD. Older adults reported significantly greater impairments in productivity (P ≤ 0.02) and a better life outlook (P ≤ 0.05) than younger ADHD adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults' QoL suffers from the accumulative negative impact of ADHD symptoms/impairments on their professional, economic, social, and emotional well-being.
authors.affiliation: The Brod Group, 219 Julia Avenue, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA. mbrod@thebrodgroup.net
authors.forename: Meryl
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brod
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hodgkins
authors.forename: Gwendolyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niebler
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D012934:Social Isolation; D013315:Stress, Psychological