title: Extracellular inhibitors, repellents, and semaphorin/plexin/MICAL-mediated actin filament disassembly.
abstract: Multiple extracellular signals have been identified that regulate actin dynamics within motile cells, but how these instructive cues present on the cell surface exert their precise effects on the internal actin cytoskeleton is still poorly understood. One particularly interesting class of these cues is a group of extracellular proteins that negatively alter the movement of cells and their processes. Over the years, these types of events have been described using a variety of terms and herein we provide an overview of inhibitory/repulsive cellular phenomena and highlight the largest known protein family of repulsive extracellular cues, the Semaphorins. Specifically, the Semaphorins (Semas) utilize Plexin cell-surface receptors to dramatically collapse the actin cytoskeleton and we summarize what is known of the direct molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Sema-triggered actin filament (F-actin) disassembly. We also discuss new observations from our lab that reveal that the multidomain oxidoreductase (Redox) enzyme Molecule Interacting with CasL (MICAL), an important mediator of Sema/Plexin repulsion, is a novel F-actin disassembly factor. Our results indicate that MICAL triggers Sema/Plexin-mediated reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton and suggest a role for specific Redox signaling events in regulating actin dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Ruei-Jiun
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Terman
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000096985:Calponins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D039961:Semaphorins; C496247:MICAL protein, Drosophila; C091529:plexin; C455272:MICAL1 protein, human; D000096985:Calponins