title: Cardiorenal syndrome.
abstract: The combination of decompensated heart failure and kidney failure is frequently referred to as the "cardiorenal syndrome." The cause and pathophysiology of this entity are complex and poorly understood, and treatment options are limited. This report describes 2 patients who were hospitalized for decompensated heart failure and developed diuretic resistance with rapidly worsening renal function. Understanding the underlying causes helped break the cardiorenal syndrome in the first patient but only had a transient beneficial effect in the second patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wynne
authors.forename: Sara Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Narveson
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Littmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D020105:Milrinone