title: Diamagnetically trapped arrays of living cells above micromagnets.
abstract: Cell arrays are of foremost importance for many applications in pharmaceutical research or fundamental biology. Although arraying techniques have been widely investigated for adherent cells, organization of cells in suspension has been rarely considered. The arraying of non-adherent cells using the diamagnetic repulsive force is presented. A planar arrangement of Jurkat cells is achieved at the microscale above high quality microfabricated permanent magnets with remanent magnetization of J(r)≈ 1 T, in the presence of a paramagnetic contrast agent. The cytotoxicity of three Gd based contrast agents, Gd-DOTA, Gd-BOPTA and Gd-HP-DO3A, is studied. Among them, Gd-HP-DO3A appears to be the most biocompatible toward Jurkat cells. In close agreement with analytical simulations, diamagnetically 'suspended' cells have been successfully arrayed above square and honeycomb-like micromagnet arrays, which act as a "diamagnetophobic" surface. Living cell trapping is achieved in a simple manner using concentrations of Gd-HP-DO3A as low as 1.5 mM.
authors.affiliation: Grenoble Electrical Engineering Laboratory (G2Elab), UMR 5269 (Grenoble-INP, UJF, CNRS), BP 46, 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France. paul.kauffmann@g2elab.grenoble-inp.fr
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
authors.forename: Ammara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ith
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gaude
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boué
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Combe
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bruckert
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaack
authors.forename: Nora M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haguet
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyne
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005682:Gadolinium; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D059346:Magnets; D008536:Meglumine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine; C050823:gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetate; D005682:Gadolinium