title: Effects of lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium on the nuclei and mitochondria of hepatocytes: accumulation and oxidative damage.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the contents of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and neodymium (Nd) that accumulate in nuclei and mitochondria isolated from the liver and their corresponding potential oxidative damage effects on nuclei and mitochondria. Five-week-old male imprinting control region (ICR) mice were exposed to chlorides of La, Ce, or Nd by oral gavage with one of three doses: 10, 20, or 40 mg/kgBW/day for 6 weeks. The concentrations of administered elements in hepatocyte nuclei and mitochondria were determined with inductively coupled plasma-mass (ICP-MS) spectrometry. The accumulation of La, Ce, and Nd in hepatocyte nuclei and mitochondria gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner with exposure to the elements, although the concentrations of La, Ce, and Nd in hepatocyte mitochondria were lower than those in their counterpart nuclei. In hepatocyte nuclei, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased. In hepatocyte mitochondria, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and GSH levels were significantly decreased, and MDA levels were significantly increased. These results suggest that La, Ce, and Nd presumably enter hepatocytes and mainly accumulate in the nuclei and induce oxidative damage in hepatic nuclei and mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
authors.forename: Peili
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiuhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yuting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002563:Cerium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009354:Neodymium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009354:Neodymium; D002563:Cerium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007811:Lanthanum; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione