title: N-acetyl-cysteine protects chicken growth plate chondrocytes from T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: T-2 toxin is now considered to be related to bone malformation such as incomplete ossification, absence of bones and fused bones. In this study, primary cultures of chicken tibial growth plate chondrocytes (GPCs) were treated with various concentrations of T-2 toxin (5, 50, and 500 n m) in the absence and presence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) to investigate the effects of the antioxidant NAC on T-2 toxin-induced toxicity. Our results showed that T-2 toxin markedly decreased cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and glutathione content (P < 0.05). In addition, T-2 toxin significantly increased reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner. However, the T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity was reversed, in part, by the antioxidant NAC (P < 0.05). These results suggest that T-2 toxin inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of GPCs in vitro by altering cellular homeostasis and NAC can protect GPCs against T-2 toxin cytotoxicity by reducing the T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shao-jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jia-fa
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yu-yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Zhen-lei
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi-feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D005978:Glutathione; D013605:T-2 Toxin; D000111:Acetylcysteine