title: Superimposition of 3D cone-beam CT models in orthognathic surgery.
abstract: INTRODUCTION: Limitations of 2D quantitative and qualitative evaluation of surgical displacements can be overcome by CBCT and three-dimensional imaging tools.  OBJECTIVES: The method described in this study allows the assessment of changes in the condyles, rami, chin, maxilla and dentition by the comparison of CBCT scans before and after orthognathic surgery.  METHODS: 3D models are built and superimposed through a fully automated voxel-wise method using the pre-surgery cranial base as reference. It identifies and compares the grayscale of both three-dimensional structures, avoiding observer landmark identification. The distances between the anatomical surfaces pre and post-surgery are then computed for each pair of models in the same subject. The evaluation of displacement directions is visually done through color maps and semi-transparencies of the superimposed models.  CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that this method, which uses free softwares and is mostly automated, shows advantages in the long-term evaluation of orthognathic patients when compared to conventional 2D methods. Accurate measurements can be acquired by images in real size and without anatomical superimpositions, and great 3D information is provided to clinicians and researchers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Trindade Simões
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: da Motta
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Assis Ribeiro Carvalho
authors.forename: Ana Emília Figueiredo
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Lúcia Helena Soares
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cevidanes
authors.forename: Marco Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Almeida