title: [Evaluation of the "initiative pain-free clinic" for quality improvement in postoperative pain management. A prospective controlled study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demonstration of improved postoperative pain management by implementation of the S3 guidelines on treatment of acute perioperative and posttraumatic pain, by the integrated quality management concept "quality management acute pain" of the TÜV Rheinland or by participation in the benchmark project "Quality improvement in postoperative pain management" (QUIPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective controlled study (pre-post design) was carried out in hospitals with various levels of care comparing three hospital groups (n = 17/7/3, respectively). Group 1: participation in the QUIPS project (intraclinic and interclinic comparison of outcome data of postoperative pain treatment), group 2: participation in the quality management acute pain program (certified by TÜV Rheinland), group 3: control group with no involvement in either of the two concepts. In all three groups, an anonymous data collection was performed consisting of patient-reported pain intensity, side effects, pain disability and patient satisfaction. Pain therapy intervention was carried out only in group 2 by an integrated quality management concept (certification project: Quality management acute pain) with a package of measures to improve structure, process and outcome quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TÜV Rheinland certified clinics (group 2) showed a significant improvement in the pre-post comparison (before versus after certification) in the areas maximum pain (from visual analogue scale VAS 4.6 to 3.7), stress pain (5.3 to 3.9), pain-related impairment (proportion of patients with pain-linked decreased mobility and movement 26% to 16.1%, coughing and breathing 23.1% to 14.3%) and patient satisfaction (from 13.2 to 13.7; scale 0 completely unsatisfied, 15 very satisfied). The clinics with participation in QUIPS for 2 years also showed a significant improvement in stress pain (numeric rating scale NRS for pain 4.5 to 4.2), pain-linked-limitation of coughing and breathing (28% to 23.6%), and patient satisfaction (from 11.9 to 12.4). There were no differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting between any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main objective of the certification concept quality management acute pain as a tool for the successful implementation of the S3 guidelines on treatment of acute perioperative and posttraumatic pain, led to a significant improvement in patient outcome. Participation in QUIPS is an ideal supplement to TÜV Rheinland certification and can be recommended as a benchmarking tool to evaluate outcome.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Chirurgische Forschung, Institut für Forschung in der Operativen Medizin, Fakultät für Medizin der Universität Witten/Herdecke, Campus Köln-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109, Köln, Deutschland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D058996:Quality Improvement; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery