title: Emerging role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Extracellular nucleotides and adenosine play important roles in inflammation. These signaling molecules interact with the cell-surface-located P2 and P1 receptors, respectively, that are widely distributed in the central nervous system and generally exert opposite effects on immune responses. Indeed, extracellular ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP serve as alarmins or damage-associated molecular patterns that activate mainly proinflammatory mechanisms, whereas adenosine has potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. This review discusses the actual and potential role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in multiple sclerosis (MS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, WSZ Hospital, 53/59 St. Joseph Street, Toruń, 87-100, Poland, marcies@autograf.pl.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cieślak
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kukulski
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komoszyński