title: High-risk human papillomavirus is associated with HIV acquisition among South African female sex workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mounting evidence suggests an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV acquisition. This study aimed to explore this association among South African female sex workers (FSWs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from 88 HIV-negative FSWs who participated in a vaginal gel (COL-1492) trial. Cervicovaginal rinse samples, obtained before HIV-seroconversion, were genotyped into high-risk (HR-) and low-risk (LR-) HPV. HIV-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox survival analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HR- and LR-HPV prevalences were 70.5% (95% CI:60.5-79.2) and 60.2% (95% CI:49.9-70.0), respectively. Twenty-five women HIV seroconverted. Controlling for background characteristics and other sexually transmitted infections, HIV aHR increased by a factor of 1.7 (95% CI:1.01-2.7, P(linear trend) = 0.045) for an increase of one unit of the number of HR-HPV genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV seroconversion among FSWs is associated with genital HR-HPV infection. Further investigation is warranted, including testing the possible protective effect of available HPV vaccines on HIV acquisition.
authors.affiliation: CESP INSERM-UVSQ U1018, Villejuif, France. bertran.auvert@uvsq.fr
authors.forename: Bertran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Auvert
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissouba
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarca
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramjee
authors.forename: Anna-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric