title: Strategies to resist drug offers among urban American Indian youth of the southwest: an enumeration, classification, and analysis by substance and offeror.
abstract: This study explores the drug resistance strategies of urban American Indian adolescents when they encounter people offering them alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. Data were collected in 2005 from 11 female and 9 male adolescents who self-identified as American Indian and attended two urban middle schools in the southwestern United States. In two focus groups-one at each school site-the youth described their reactions to 25 hypothetical substance offer scenarios drawn from real-life narratives of similar youth. Qualitative analysis of their 552 responses to the scenarios generated 14 categories. Half of the responses were strategies reported most often by nonnative youth (refuse, explain, leave, and avoid). Using ecodevelopmental theory, the responses were analyzed for indications of culturally specific ways of resisting substance offers, such as variation by specific substance and relationship to the person offering. Study limitations are noted along with suggestive implications for future research on culturally appropriate prevention approaches for urban American Indian youth.
authors.affiliation: Sociology Program, School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85004-0693, USA. kulis@asu.edu
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulis
authors.forename: Leslie Jumper
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Patricia Allen
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dustman
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D015206:Southwestern United States; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014505:Urban Population