title: SNP may modify the effect of vitamin A supplementation at birth on cytokine production in a whole blood culture assay.
abstract: Within a neonatal vitamin A supplementation (VAS) trial, we investigated the effect of VAS on TNF-α, IL-10, IL-5 and IL-13 production after lipopolysaccharide, purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and phytohaemagglutinin stimulation using a whole blood culture protocol. We found that VAS recipients had lower unstimulated TNF-α concentrations than placebo recipients. In the present paper, we investigated whether the SNP TNF-α - 308, TNF-α - 238, IL-10 - 592, IL-10 - 1082 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)+896 modified the effect of VAS on cytokine production. DNA and cytokine concentrations were available from 291 children. We found a significant interaction between TNF-α - 308 genotype and VAS for the unstimulated TNF-α production (Pinteraction = 0·04); among G homozygotes, TNF-α concentrations were significantly lower after VAS compared with placebo, whereas for A carriers, VAS did not appear to have any effect. For TNF-α - 238, there was a tendency towards an increase in PPD-stimulated TNF-α production after VAS for the G homozygotes, but the opposite tendency for A allele carriers (Pinteraction = 0·07). Stratification by sex revealed a significant VAS-genotype interaction for boys for TNF-α - 238. There was a borderline-significant three-way interaction (P = 0·05) between sex, VAS and TLR4+896 genotype. Although the present study had very limited representation of the genetic variation with potential for modification of the response to VAS, it adds to the efforts of untangling the diverse effects and impact of VAS.
authors.affiliation: Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. mjj@ssi.dk
authors.forename: Mathias Jul
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Ane Bærent
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fisker
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erikstrup
authors.forename: Mogens H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Claesson
authors.forename: Christine Stabell
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Benn
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004224:Diterpenes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006169:Guinea-Bissau; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004224:Diterpenes; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate