title: The effect of prosthetic foot push-off on mechanical loading associated with knee osteoarthritis in lower extremity amputees.
abstract: Lower extremity amputation not only limits mobility, but also increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis of the intact limb. Dynamic walking models of non-amputees suggest that pushing-off from the trailing limb can reduce collision forces on the leading limb. These collision forces may determine the peak knee external adduction moment (EAM), which has been linked to the development of knee OA in the general population. We therefore hypothesized that greater prosthetic push-off would lead to reduced loading and knee EAM of the intact limb in unilateral transtibial amputees. Seven unilateral transtibial amputees were studied during gait under three prosthetic foot conditions that were intended to vary push-off. Prosthetic foot-ankle push-off work, intact limb knee EAM and ground reaction impulses for both limbs during step-to-step transition were measured. Overall, trailing limb prosthetic push-off work was negatively correlated with leading intact limb 1st peak knee EAM (slope=-.72±.22; p=.011). Prosthetic push-off work and 1st peak intact knee EAM varied significantly with foot type. The prosthetic foot condition with the least push-off demonstrated the largest knee EAM, which was reduced by 26% with the prosthetic foot producing the most push-off. Trailing prosthetic limb push-off impulse was negatively correlated with leading intact limb loading impulse (slope=-.34±.14; p=.001), which may help explain how prosthetic limb push-off can affect intact limb loading. Prosthetic feet that perform more prosthetic push-off appear to be associated with a reduction in 1st peak intact knee EAM, and their use could potentially reduce the risk and burden of knee osteoarthritis in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, RR&D Center, Seattle, WA, USA. dmorgen@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Morgenroth
authors.forename: Ava D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Zelik
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Czerniecki
authors.forename: Glenn K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Klute
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Orendurff
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Art D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000674:Amputees; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005528:Foot; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000503:physiopathology*