title: The concepts, diagnosis and management of early imaging changes after therapy for glioblastomas.
abstract: Since postoperative radiotherapy plus concomitant temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide has become standard treatment for glioblastoma, the phenomenon of early post-treatment enlargement of the imaged tumour volume, usually without clinical deterioration, has become widely recognised. The term pseudoprogression has been used to describe a poorly understood pathophysiological process. In this review, the pathophysiological concepts, relevance, diagnosis and management of patients with 'pseudoprogression' and 'pseudoresponse' are discussed. Guidelines are given with respect to radiological imaging modality, mode and frequency. Further biological and clinical insights into these phenomena require carefully designed prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Hall-Edwards Radiotherapy Research Group, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanghera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rampling
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haylock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jefferies
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McBain
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soh
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Whittle
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D019468:Disease Management; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans