title: Uncommon mold infections in hematological patients: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: Invasive fungal diseases continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. This is of particular interest, since the progress we made in the treatment of underlying malignancies has led to an increase of the number of persons 'at high risk'. During the last few years, several changes in clinical practice in hematology (new immunosuppressants, hematopoietic stem cell transplants) have influenced the epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases; in particular, cases due to some uncommon etiologic agents are being increasingly reported, making it even more urgent to reconsider differential diagnoses in high-risk patients. A better understanding of epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis appears to be crucial to analyze prevention and diagnostic strategies, as well as to guarantee an early and adequate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy. morenacaira@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caira
authors.forename: Enrico Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Trecarichi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mancinelli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D060585:Fusariosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents