title: Out-of-hospital pediatric cardiorespiratory arrest in Galicia: impact of the 2005 resuscitation guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) is a rare event but has a high mortality and morbidity among survivors. In 2005, an international consensus on science and treatment recommendations has been released, with the aim of improving the assistance of patients who had and, eventually, increasing survival without neurologic sequelae. Our objective was to assess the impact of the 2005 guidelines on the initial prehospital assistance of children with out-of-hospital CRA in a community with scattered population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective observational study following the Utstein-style guidelines of pediatric CRA in 2 periods: group 1 (pre-2005), from July 2002 to February 2005 (32 months); and group 2 (post-2005), from January 2007 to December 2008 (24 months). Patients aged from 0 months to 16 years who had an out-of-hospital respiratory or cardiac arrest were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 31 patients (84% cardiac) who had CRA in group 1 and 21 patients (62% cardiac) who had CRA in group 2 (P = 0.073). Both groups were comparable in age, sex, CRA cause, place of CRA incident, management of airway, fluid administrations, and defibrillation attempts. A significant increment in the number of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was observed in group 2 (13 [62%] vs 7 [29%], P = 0.004). The intraosseous access was more frequently used in the post-2005 group (8 [38%] vs 5 [16%], P = 0.021). In group 2, a higher percentage of patients received more than 1 adrenaline dose (95% vs 61%, P = 0.006), were treated with bicarbonate (7 [33%] vs 3 [10%], P = 0.045), and were not treated with atropine (5 [24%] vs 17 [55%], P = 0.020). Survival to hospital admission, sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and survival to hospital discharge were comparable in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of pediatric out-of-hospital CRA in a community with scattered population, after the introduction of the 2005 international CPR recommendations, there was an increase in bystander CPR and changes in immediate treatment were detected. However, these changes did not result in a significant outcome improvement.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Division, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. miguelfonte@gmail.com
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fonte
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oulego-Erroz
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Núñez
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Vázquez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Santos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain