title: Complete genome and proteome of Acholeplasma laidlawii.
abstract: We present the complete genome sequence and proteogenomic map for Acholeplasma laidlawii PG-8A (class Mollicutes, order Acholeplasmatales, family Acholeplasmataceae). The genome of A. laidlawii is represented by a single 1,496,992-bp circular chromosome with an average G+C content of 31 mol%. This is the longest genome among the Mollicutes with a known nucleotide sequence. It contains genes of polymerase type I, SOS response, and signal transduction systems, as well as RNA regulatory elements, riboswitches, and T boxes. This demonstrates a significant capability for the regulation of gene expression and mutagenic response to stress. Acholeplasma laidlawii and phytoplasmas are the only Mollicutes known to use the universal genetic code, in which UGA is a stop codon. Within the Mollicutes group, only the sterol-nonrequiring Acholeplasma has the capacity to synthesize saturated fatty acids de novo. Proteomic data were used in the primary annotation of the genome, validating expression of many predicted proteins. We also detected posttranslational modifications of A. laidlawii proteins: phosphorylation and acylation. Seventy-four candidate phosphorylated proteins were found: 16 candidates are proteins unique to A. laidlawii, and 11 of them are surface-anchored or integral membrane proteins, which implies the presence of active signaling pathways. Among 20 acylated proteins, 14 contained palmitic chains, and six contained stearic chains. No residue of linoleic or oleic acid was observed. Acylated proteins were components of mainly sugar and inorganic ion transport systems and were surface-anchored proteins with unknown functions.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Malaya Pirogovskaya St. 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia. lazar0@mail.ru
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Lazarev
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Levitskii
authors.forename: Y I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Basovskii
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chukin
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Akopian
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Vereshchagin
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kostrjukova
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kovaleva
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kazanov
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Malko
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vitreschak
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Sernova
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Demina
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Serebryakova
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Galyamina
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Vtyurin
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Rogov
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Alexeev
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Ladygina
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Govorun
mesh_terms: D000128:Acholeplasma laidlawii / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004270:DNA, Circular; D020543:Proteome