title: Posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma characteristics are correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often comorbid with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in women; however, it is unclear whether this relationship is driven by the trauma that may lead to PTSD or if PTSD is uniquely associated with PMDD. In this study, we examine trauma and PTSD as independent correlates of PMDD. Researchers conducted a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of 3,968 female participants (aged 18-40) of the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Women who had a history of trauma with PTSD (odds ratio, OR = 8.14, 95% confidence interval, CI = 3.56-18.58) or a history of trauma without PTSD (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.26-6.42) were significantly more likely than women with no history of trauma to report PMDD. This graded relationship was also observed in association with premenstrual symptoms. Among trauma survivors, PTSD was independently associated with PMDD, although characteristics of participants' trauma history partially accounted for this association. Our study demonstrated that trauma and PTSD were independently associated with PMDD and premenstrual symptoms. Clinicians should be aware that women who present with premenstrual symptomatology complaints may also have a history of trauma and PTSD that needs to be addressed. This pattern of comorbidity may complicate the treatment of both conditions.
authors.affiliation: VA CT Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. corey.pilver@yale.edu
authors.forename: Corey E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pilver
authors.forename: Becca R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.forename: Rani A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult