title: Multivariate analysis of mineral constituents of edible Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) and soils beneath fruiting bodies collected from Northern Poland.
abstract: Caps and stipes of 141 fruiting bodies of Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) and surface layer of soils collected from 11 spatially distant and background (pristine) areas in Northern Poland were analyzed for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. In terms of bioconcentration and bioexclusion concept, K, Ag, Cu, Rb, and P were highly bioconcentrated in caps, and their bioconcentration factor values varied for the 11 sites between 120 and 500-67-420, 70-220, 10-170, and 45-100, respectively. Cd, Zn, Mg, and Na showed bioconcentration factors (BCFs) between 3.3 and 36, 3.7-15, 0.92-6.3, and 1.4-44 while Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sr were excluded (BCF < 1). The Parasol Mushroom is a species harvested in the wild, and its caps are of unique taste and can contain a spectrum of essential and hazardous mineral compounds accumulated at elevated concentrations, even if collected at the background (pristine) areas. These elevated mineral concentrations of the caps are due to the efficient bioconcentration potential of the species (K, Ag, Cu, Rb, P, Cd, Zn, Mg, and Na) and abundance in the soil substrates (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn). The estimated intake rates of Cd, Hg, and Pb contained in Parasol Mushroom's caps show a cause for concern associated with these metals resulting from the consumption of between 300- and 500-g caps daily, on a frequent basis in the mushrooming season.
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology and Food Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Public Health, University of Gdańsk, 18 Sobieskiego Str, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gucia
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jarzyńska
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rafał
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roszak
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kojta
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osiej
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falandysz
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011044:Poland; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants