title: European mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and metabolic disorders in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups play an important role in susceptibility to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional study in 248 HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy to investigate whether mtDNA haplogroups had any influence on metabolic disorders. mtDNA genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) (HOMA ≥ 3.8), which was calculated as fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) times fasting serum insulin (mU/L) divided by 22.5. A high atherogenic risk was assessed when the atherogenic index (AI) was ≥3.5. AI was calculated as total cholesterol (mg/dL) divided by HDL (mg/dL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major haplogroup HV and haplogroup H had reduced odds ratios of IR (HOMA ≥ 3.8) [0.45 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.85) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.69), respectively], and high AI (AI ≥ 3.5) [0.44 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.87) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80), respectively]. The major haplogroup U had increased odds of IR [2.66 (95% CI: 1.39 to 5.8)]. The major haplogroup JT and haplogroup T had increased odds of high AI [2.86 (95% CI: 1.29 to 6.33) and 4.01 (95%CI: 1.59 to 10.03), respectively]. Additionally, we found that patients belonging to the major haplogroup HV had lower values of serum hepatic growth factor and nerve growth factor, and higher values of adiponectin than patients belonging to the major haplogroup JT (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mtDNA haplogroups were associated with IR and atherogenic dyslipidemia; suggesting that mitochondrial genomics may play a significant role in metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Dariela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Micheloud
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Fulgencio
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Álvarez
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cosín
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miralles
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resino
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006239:Haplotypes; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; C066855:HGF protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor