title: Thermal conductivity measurements using 1ω and 3ω methods revisited for voltage-driven setups.
abstract: 1ω and 3ω methods are widely established transient measurement techniques for the characterization of thermal transport in bulk-materials, thin films, and 1D nano-objects. These methods are based on resistance oscillations of a heater caused by Joule-heating from a sinusoidal current at frequency 1ω which lead to changes in the 1ω voltage and produce a voltage component at 3ω. Although the usual formalism for analyzing the measurement data assumes an ideal current source, voltage-driven measurement setups are employed in many cases. In this context, we find that there has been lack of clarity if a correction generally has to be considered when analyzing the measurement data from voltage driven setups. In this work, Fourier-analysis is employed to show that a correction is not required for 1ω methods and for 3ω measurements that use common-mode-subtraction. Experimental results are presented for a line heater on a fused silica substrate with known thermal properties, and for an individual nickel wire with diameter of 150 nm.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimling
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nielsch