title: [Treatment of electrolyte disorders by hemodialysis].
abstract: Electrolyte disorders may constitute a life-threatening emergency. Sometimes they can be treated with medical therapy but there are cases where emergency dialysis will be necessary. An important role is played by the dialysate (including different concentrations of electrolytes), which removes uremic toxins and balances the electrolyte disorders in patients with end-stage renal disease. The choice of dialysate is also important for control of the patient's vital functions during the dialysis session and in the period between sessions. Sodium is strongly related to weight gain between dialysis sessions and its concentration causes fluid overload or, on the contrary, hypotension. The choice of the buffer takes into account any possible bicarbonate- or acetate-related systemic effects. Potassium is very important for heart contraction and its fast removal could be associated with cardiac arrhythmias. The role of magnesium is still controversial. Calcium is related to hemodynamic stability, mineral bone disease and also cardiac arrhythmias. A correctly balanced dialysate is important to prevent and reduce intradialytic and interdialytic complications. The dialysate should be tailored to the needs of the individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Scuola di specializzazione in Nefrologia, Dialisi e Ipertensione, Universita' degli Studi di Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy. gallidiego4@gmail.com
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Staffolani
authors.forename: Natascia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miani
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morosetti
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Daniele
mesh_terms: D000137:Acid-Base Imbalance / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium