title: Potentially pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria found in aquatic systems. Analysis from a reclaimed water and water distribution system in Mexico City.
abstract: We investigated the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in three Mexican aquatic systems to evaluate the prevalence with the distribution of NTM species. Key physicochemical parameters of the water samples were determined to find correlations with the species' distributions. We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA fragments to determine their taxonomic affiliations. NTM were recovered from water distribution systems and reclaimed water from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The isolated species were associated with a temperature of 21°C and pH >7.7. The phylogenetic analysis showed that eight of the 14 different NTM strains were unambiguously classifiable: Mycobacterium peregrinum, M. nonchromogenicum (2), M. smegmatis (2), M. fortuitum, M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. arupense, M. gordonae, and M. chitae. One strain was tentatively identified as M. mantenni/ scrofulaceum and another strain was related to M. porcinum/M. septicum. All NTM species identified in the water distribution system were also detected in the reclaimed water, but some species from the reclaimed water were not found in the water distribution systems. Two of the identified species found in the reclaimed water, M. avium and M. fortuitum, are considered important human opportunistic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Castillo-Rodal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazari-Hiriart
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lloret-Sánchez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sachman-Ruiz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vinuesa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: López-Vidal
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008800:Mexico; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C074119:heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C105078:RNA polymerase beta subunit