title: Specifying the interrelationship between exposure to violence and parental monitoring for younger versus older adolescents: a five year longitudinal test.
abstract: Five waves of longitudinal data collected from 349 African American youth living in extreme poverty were used to examine the interrelationship between exposure to violence and parenting during adolescence. Semi-parametric group based modeling was used to identify trajectories of parental monitoring and exposure to violence from T1 to T5. Results from these analyses revealed: (1) a trajectory of declining parental monitoring for 48% of youth; and (2) four distinct trajectories of exposure to violence. Multivariate findings were largely consistent with the ecological-transactional model of community violence. Youth with stable and/or increasing trajectories of exposure to violence were more likely than youth with stable-low exposure to violence to have declining parental monitoring, but additional analyses revealed a similar pattern of findings for younger adolescents (age 9-11 T1), but no evidence of linkages between trajectories of exposure to violence and parental monitoring for older adolescents (age 12-16 T1). The theoretical and policy implications of these findings as well as areas for future research are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Criminal Justice, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. rspano@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Alexander T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vazsonyi
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bolland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000407:Alabama; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult