title: Regional difference in inflammatory response to LPS-injection in the brain: role of microglia cell density.
abstract: To elucidate whether density of cells could contribute to the extent of microglial activation, we performed in vitro assays using three different densities of N13 microglia stimulated with LPS. Our results showed that induction of pro-inflammatory factors as TNF-α and iNOS was directly related to cell density, meanwhile the induction of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 was inversely related to cell density. Accordingly, in vivo assays showed that after LPS-injection, iNOS expression was more intense in substantia nigra, a brain area showing specific susceptibility to neurodegeneration after microglia activation, whereas IL-10 expression was more sustained in striatum, an area resistant to damage. These results support that microglia density is pivotal to control the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors release.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Revilla
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vizuete
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: García-Cuervo
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vitorica
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruano
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castaño
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007550:Isothiuronium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007093:Imidazoles; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007550:Isothiuronium; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C027744:S-methylisothiopseudouronium; C093642:SB 203580