title: Congenital malformations of the temporal bone.
abstract: Congenital ear or temporal bone malformations are a diagnostic challenge to radiologists and surgeons alike. Newer imaging techniques can detect subtle changes in middle ear and cochlear anatomy. This information is invaluable with increasing use of hearing restoration surgeries and/or cochlear implants in such patients. This article discusses the embryogenesis, classification system, and salient imaging findings of congenital outer, middle ear, and inner ear anomalies in children. Both high-resolution computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the temporal bones are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Shraddha S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mukerji
authors.forename: Hemant A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: Mohannad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mukherji
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed