title: Investigation of nephrolithiasis in the West of Paraná.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrolithiasis is com>mon and has a high rate of recurrence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of the main metabolic and anatomical changes and the chemical analysis of stone found in patients with nephrolithiasis in the West region of Paraná.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study with 681 adult patients with nephrolithiasis. The laboratory investigation included at least two samples of 24-hour urine test with doses of calcium, uric acid, citrate, oxalate, sodium and creatinine; qualitative cystinuria, urinary pH following 12-hour fast and water restriction, urine culture and chemical analysis, when the stones were available. Renal imaging techniques included at least renal ultrasound and excretory urogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The metabolic changes most frequently found were: hypercalciuria (51.8%), hyperuricosuria (27.6%), and hypocitraturia (23.5%). Chemical analysis of stones showed calcium oxa late in 85.7% of the cases. The most frequently anatomical changes were renal cyst, duplicated ureter, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper served as a base for knowing the characteristics of patients with nephrolithiasis in the West area of Paraná.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. peres@certto.com.br
authors.forename: Luis Alberto Batista
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: Leandro Pelegrini
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Luana Bertinato
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bolson
authors.forename: Mariana de Freitas
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Brites
authors.forename: Juliano Maximiano
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tazima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies