title: Towards understanding the effects of carbon and nitrogen-doped carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 in lithium ion batteries: a combined experimental and theoretical study.
abstract: We investigate the effects of carbon coating, with and without nitrogen-dopants, on the electrochemical performance of a promising anode material Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) (LTO) in lithium ion battery applications. The comparative experimental results show that LTO samples coated with nitrogen-doped carbon derived from pyridine and an ionic liquid exhibit significant improvements in rate capability and cycling performance compared with a LTO sample coated by carbon derived from toluene and the pristine LTO sample. For the first time, we construct an atomistic model for the interface between the lithium transition metal oxide and carbon coating layers. Our first-principles calculations based on density functional theory reveal that at this interface there is strong binding between the graphene coating layer and the Ti-terminated LTO surface, which significantly reduces the chemical activity of LTO surfaces and stabilizes the electrode/electrolyte interface, providing a clue to solve the swelling problem for LTO-based batteries. More importantly, electron transfer from the LTO surface to graphene greatly improves the electric conductivity of the interface. Nitrogen-dopants in graphene coatings further increase the interfacial stability and electric conductivity, which is beneficial to the electrochemical performance in energy storage applications.
authors.affiliation: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zijing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Liumin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liquan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D010087:Oxides; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite; D008094:Lithium; D014025:Titanium; D009584:Nitrogen