title: Guidelines for the prevention of infections associated with combat-related injuries: 2011 update: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Surgical Infection Society.
abstract: Despite advances in resuscitation and surgical management of combat wounds, infection remains a concerning and potentially preventable complication of combat-related injuries. Interventions currently used to prevent these infections have not been either clearly defined or subjected to rigorous clinical trials. Current infection prevention measures and wound management practices are derived from retrospective review of wartime experiences, from civilian trauma data, and from in vitro and animal data. This update to the guidelines published in 2008 incorporates evidence that has become available since 2007. These guidelines focus on care provided within hours to days of injury, chiefly within the combat zone, to those combat-injured patients with open wounds or burns. New in this update are a consolidation of antimicrobial agent recommendations to a backbone of high-dose cefazolin with or without metronidazole for most postinjury indications, and recommendations for redosing of antimicrobial agents, for use of negative pressure wound therapy, and for oxygen supplementation in flight.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Service, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA. duane.hospenthal@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Duane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hospenthal
authors.forename: Clinton K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Romney C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: R Bryan
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Leopoldo C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cancio
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kevin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jon C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clasper
authors.forename: Marcus H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Colyer
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.forename: Helen K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Laurie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: D'Avignon
authors.forename: Warren C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Dorlac
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Eastridge
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ficke
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Forgione
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kester
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Leon E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Moores
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Obremskey
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Evan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Renz
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Saffle
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Solomkin
authors.forename: Deena E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tribble
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wenke
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wiesen
authors.forename: Glenn W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Wortmann
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008887:Military Medicine; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014857:Warfare; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents