title: The conditioned medium from a stable human GDF3-expressing CHO cell line, induces the differentiation of PC12 cells.
abstract: Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily have significant roles in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological processes. In our present work, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that human GDF3 (Growth and differentiation factor 3) and human GDF1 formed a subgroup of closely related molecules. Through quantitative real-time PCR analysis in different human tissues, GDF1 and GDF3 expression level had a big difference in brain. GDF3 could activate downstream signaling through associating with ALK7 (Activin receptor-like kinase 7) in a Cripto-dependent fashion. A CHO cell line stably transfected with the encoding sequence of GDF3, named CHO-GDF3, was established. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that GDF3 protein could be secreted into the medium from CHO cells and immunofluorescence experiment showed that GDF3 was mainly distributed in cytoplasm of the stable cell line, the primary hippocampal neurons, and brain tissues. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from CHO-GDF3 could reduce PC12 cell growth and induce cell differentiation. All these findings bring new insights into the functional study of GDF3.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China. lq054@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Saiyin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hexige
authors.forename: Yichen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xianmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D016466:CHO Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D055452:Growth Differentiation Factor 1; D055451:Growth Differentiation Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C525977:GDF1 protein, human; C525974:GDF3 protein, human; D055452:Growth Differentiation Factor 1; D055451:Growth Differentiation Factor 3; C424205:ACVR1C protein, human; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I