title: Serum concentrations of VEGF and TGF-β1 during exclusive enteral nutrition in IBD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective method of treatment in achieving remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. The objective of our study was to assess the influence of EEN on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in children and adolescents with IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine children and adolescents with IBD (24 with Crohn disease [CD] and 15 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. VEGF and TGF-β1 were assessed at the baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of EEN in CD and UC groups and once in controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the baseline, we found increased serum VEGF in the CD versus UC group and controls (P < 0.05) and serum TGF-β1 in the UC versus CD group and controls (P < 0.05). During EEN, VEGF decreased in the UC and CD groups, whereas TGF-β1 increased in the CD group and decreased in the UC group. The CD group achieved disease remission faster than the UC group, and the weight gain of patients with CD during EEN was higher compared with patients with UC. Additionally, TGF-β1 concentration correlated with protein and energies daily intake in the CD group (R = 0.95; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different effectiveness of EEN in achieving remission in CD and UC may result from a modification of growth factor production. EEN stimulated TGF-β1 production in CD but not in UC, which possibly resulted in higher effectiveness of EEN in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Polish-American Children's Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. miwedryc@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wedrychowicz
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kowalska-Duplaga
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jedynak-Wasowicz
authors.forename: Stanislaw
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pieczarkowski
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sladek
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomasik
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fyderek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors