title: Relationship between intracellular Ca²⁺ and ROS during fluoride-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicology of endemic fluorosis still remain obscure. To explore lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by fluoride, human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were incubated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 20, 40, 80 mg/L) for 24 h, with 40 mg/L NaF for 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 h, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester (BAPTA-AM) alone or combined with fluoride (40 mg/L) respectively for 12 h in vitro. The results showed that the LDH levels in the 40 and 80 mg/L fluoride-treated groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (in the test level of 0.05, the difference were statistical significance). [Ca²⁺]i and ROS reached a peak at 3 h and 12 h respectively after exposure to 40 mg/L fluoride. Fluoride coincubated with NAC (antioxidant) dramatically decreased ROS and LDH levels compared with the fluoride only group (in the test level of 0.05, the difference were statistical significance). However, fluoride-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i was not affected by NAC. BAPTA-AM (intracellular calcium chelator) markedly lowered fluoride-induced increase of [Ca²⁺]i , ROS and LDH levels while EGTA (extracellular calcium chelator) have no effects on them. These results indicate that fluoride-related Ca²⁺ release from the site of intracellular calcium storage causes the elevation of ROS contributing to the cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhixia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bayi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhenglun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Aiguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002118:Calcium; D000111:Acetylcysteine