title: Social phobia and other psychiatric problems in children with strabismus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the rate of social phobia, anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric problems in children with strabismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two children with strabismus and 47 control subjects 8-13 years of age were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the ophthalmologist's examination, all cases were assessed by a psychiatrist based on the structured interview technique of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version (Kiddie-SADS-PL). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was administered to each subject to evaluate social phobia. All participants completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age as well as sex and income were comparable between the strabismus patients and control groups. Social phobia was diagnosed in 8 (19.04%) of the 42 strabismic children and in 1 (2.12%) of the control subjects. The CDI and SCARED (total score, social phobia, separation anxiety) scores of strabismus patients were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.0001, p = 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relationship between strabismus in children and social phobia, depression, and anxiety on a symptom basis was underlined by our data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey. tongabay@superonline.com
authors.forename: Tongabay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cumurcu
authors.forename: Birgul Elbozan
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Cumurcu
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Soner
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duz
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porgalı
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doganay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D002666:Psychology, Child; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012919:Social Behavior; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*