title: Lung carcinoma signaling pathways activated by smoking.
abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, with over a million deaths annually. Tobacco smoke is the major etiologic risk factor for lung cancer in current or previous smokers and has been strongly related to certain types of lung cancer, such as small cell lung carcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma. In recent years, there has been an increased incidence of lung adenocarcinoma. This change is strongly associated with changes in smoking behavior and cigarette design. Carcinogens present in tobacco products and their intermediate metabolites can activate multiple signaling pathways that contribute to lung cancer carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the smoking-activated signaling pathways involved in lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D066246:ErbB Receptors