title: Lack of preemptive analgesia by intravenous flurbiprofen in thyroid gland surgery: a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays, increasingly more preemptive analgesia studies focus on postoperative pain; however, the impact of preemptive analgesia on perioperative opioid requirement is not well defined. This study was carried out in order to evaluate whether preoperative intravenous flurbiprofen axetil can reduce perioperative opioid consumption and provide postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing thyroid gland surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients undergoing elective thyroid gland surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Group A (Control) was administered Intralipid(®) 2 ml as a placebo 15 min before the cervical plexus block and at the end of the surgery; Group B (Routine analgesia) was administered a placebo 15 min before the cervical plexus block and flurbiprofen 50 mg at the end of the surgery; Group C (Preemptive analgesia) was administered intravenous flurbiprofen 50 mg 15 min before the cervical plexus block and a placebo at the end of the surgery. Sufentanil administration during the surgery and the 24 h satisfaction score on analgesic therapy were both recorded. The analgesic efficacy was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the surgery, based on visual analog scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety patients were involved in the study. One patient from Group B did not have their scheduled surgery; eighty-nine patients completed the study. There were no significant differences in the patient demographics between the three groups. Visual analog scales: 1, 2, 4 h for Group A was significantly higher than Groups B and C (P<0.05); Sufentanil administration during surgery: Group C was obviously lower compared to Groups A and B (P<0.05); 24 h satisfaction score: Groups B and C were higher than Group A (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative administration of intravenous Flurbiprofen axetil reduced analgesic consumption during surgery, but not postoperative pain scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
authors.forename: Zhaodi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Changsong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Guonian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011300:Preoperative Care; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D017409:Sufentanil