title: Partial D phenotypes and genotypes in the Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The D variant phenotypes are often categorized into weak D types and partial D types. Although the molecular basis underlying the partial D phenotype has been investigated in several races, data from Chinese populations are rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected partial D samples from 1,274,540 blood donors, as well as from sporadic patients in the Chinese population, over a 4-year period. Samples with partial D phenotype were determined by commercial monoclonal anti-D panels and molecular methods. Blood samples with discrepant results of serologic and molecular methods were further investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific primers and nucleotide sequencing of RHD exons. The detection of antibodies was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 samples with partial D phenotypes were confirmed. Molecular typing revealed five different known aberrant alleles as well as four new RHD alleles. As described previously, DVI represented the most frequent partial D type in China with a total of 36 samples. However, discrepant results were observed in four DVI samples with serotyping and genotyping (i.e., DVI category identified by D-screen test and grossly intact RHD gene identified by multiplex PCR). We also found four novel alleles, termed DFR-4, DCS-3, DCC, and DLX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, this study presents the most comprehensive report on partial D in China. The distribution of partial D types in China was found to be complicated and polymorphic, whereas RhD genotyping of DVI-variant samples might give inaccurate results due to a relatively high incidence of RHD(1227G>A) in the Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shanghai Blood Center, and School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Luyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huanhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jiamin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shasha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ziyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000502:physiology; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D012698:Serologic Tests; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen