title: Bioaccessibility and risk assessment of cadmium from uncooked rice using an in vitro digestion model.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice is one of the most important sources of cadmium exposure in the general population from some Asian countries. This study was conducted to assess cadmium exposure from uncooked rice in rural mining areas based on the bioaccessible fraction of cadmium using an in vitro digestion model. The biotoxic effects of cadmium in uncooked rice from mining areas were much higher than those in the control area, based not only on their higher total concentration (52.49 vs. 7.93 μg kg(-1)), but also on their higher bioaccessibility (16.94% vs. 2.38%). In the mining areas, the bioaccessible fraction of cadmium in uncooked rice has a significant positive correlation with the total concentration of cadmium in rice and there was quarterly unsafe rice to the public in the mining areas. The results indicated that the in vitro digestion model could be a useful and economical tool for providing the solubilization or bioaccessibility of uncooked rice in the mining area. The results could be helpful in conducting future experiments of cooked rice in the vitro model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Lin-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiu-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-Rong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wu-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003296:Cooking; D004064:Digestive System / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008906:Mining; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium