title: Cardiac oxygen supply is compromised during the night in hypertensive patients.
abstract: The enhanced heart rate and blood pressure soon after awaking increases cardiac oxygen demand, and has been associated with the high incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the morning. The behavior of cardiac oxygen supply is unknown. We hypothesized that oxygen supply decreases in the morning and to that purpose investigated cardiac oxygen demand and oxygen supply at night and after awaking. We compared hypertensive to normotensive subjects and furthermore assessed whether pressures measured non-invasively and intra-arterially give similar results. Aortic pressure was reconstructed from 24-h intra-brachial and simultaneously obtained non-invasive finger pressure in 14 hypertensives and 8 normotensives. Supply was assessed by Diastolic Time Fraction (DTF, ratio of diastolic and heart period), demand by Rate-Pressure Product (RPP, systolic pressure times heart rate, HR) and supply/demand ratio by A(dia)/A(sys), with A(dia) and A(sys) diastolic and systolic areas under the aortic pressure curve. Hypertensives had lower supply by DTF and higher demand by RPP than normotensives during the night. DTF decreased and RPP increased in both groups after awaking. The DTF of hypertensives decreased less becoming similar to the DTF of normotensives in the morning; the RPP remained higher. A(dia)/A(sys) followed the pattern of DTF. Findings from invasively and non-invasively determined pressure were similar. The cardiac oxygen supply/demand ratio in hypertensive patients is lower than in normotensives at night. With a smaller night-day differences, the hypertensives' risk for cardiovascular events may be more evenly spread over the 24 h. This information can be obtained noninvasively.
authors.affiliation: BMEYE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Berend E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Westerhof
authors.forename: Johannes J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Lieshout
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parati
authors.forename: Gert A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Montfrans
authors.forename: Ilja
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guelen
authors.forename: Jos A E
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spaan
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Westerhof
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Karemaker
authors.forename: Willem Jan W
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult