title: A novel platform for pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicological characterization of inhaled engineered nanomaterials.
abstract: A novel method is presented which is suitable for assessing in vivo the link between the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and their biological outcomes. The ability of the technique to generate a variety of industry-relevant, property-controlled ENM exposure atmospheres for inhalation studies was systematically investigated. The primary particle size for Fe(2)O(3), SiO(2), Ag and Ag/SiO(2) was controlled from 4 to 25 nm, while the corresponding agglomerate mobility diameter of the aerosol was also controlled and varied from 40 to 120 nm. The suitability of the technique to characterize the pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of inhaled ENMs in intact animal models is also demonstrated using in vivo chemiluminescence (IVCL). The IVCL technique is a highly sensitive method for identifying cardiopulmonary responses to inhaled ENMs under relatively small doses and acute exposures. It is shown that moderate and acute exposures to inhaled nanostructured Fe(2)O(3) can cause both pulmonary and cardiovascular effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georgios A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sotiriou
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Godleski
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brain
authors.forename: Sotiris E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pratsinis
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Demokritou
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D012834:Silver