title: Effects of atorvastatin on progression of diabetic nephropathy and local RAGE and soluble RAGE expressions in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) exert inflammatory and oxidative stress insults to produce diabetic nephropathy mainly through the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). This study aimed to assess the effect of atorvastatin on diabetic nephropathy via soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and RAGE expressions in the rat kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes with or without atorvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg for 24 weeks). Serum sRAGE and glycated albumin (GA) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and improved bromocresol purple methods. Renal AGEs, RAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), and sRAGE were determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mesangial expansion and microalbuminuria were aggravated in diabetic rats, and improved with atorvastatin treatment. Serum sRAGE levels were lower in diabetic than in normal rats. After atorvastatin treatment, serum and renal sRAGE levels were up-regulated, while renal RAGE expression was decreased in diabetic rats, associated with a reduction in accumulation of AGEs, though renal esRAGE mRNA expression was not significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atorvastatin exerted a beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy with reduced AGE accumulation, down-regulating RAGE expression and up-regulating sRAGE in the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ling-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiu-Jing
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D013311:Streptozocin; D000069059:Atorvastatin