title: Pyrethroid insecticide resistance in British populations of the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella L., is emerging as a significant pest of field brassica crops in certain regions of the United Kingdom. In order to investigate the contribution of pesticide resistance to this phenomenon, A. proletella populations were sampled from five different areas in England in 2008 and 2009. Adult residual leaf-dip bioassays were carried out using pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant resistance to pyrethroids was found in multiple samples collected from two areas. No evidence of cross-resistance to neonicotinoids was found in a subset of the pyrethroid-resistant populations. While the patterns of resistance to different pyrethroids were broadly correlated, the magnitude of resistance factors differed substantially. Survival of strains at a putative diagnostic concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin was found to provide a guide to their LC50. Significant differences in LC50 were found when different brassica crops were used in the bioassay, although the resistance patterns between strains were maintained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced susceptibility to multiple pyrethroid insecticides exists in populations of A. proletella in the United Kingdom, corresponding to recent major outbreaks. The mechanism(s) of resistance are yet to be determined, but molecular structural differences in pyrethroids probably influence the magnitude of cross-resistance within this group of insecticides.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK. S.Springate@gre.ac.uk
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Springate
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colvin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica / Q000469:parasitology; D004739:England; D006430:Hemiptera; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins