title: Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings in clinical glenohumeral instability.
abstract: The glenohumeral joint is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body, and anterior instability is the most common type of shoulder instability. Depending on the etiology and the age of the patient, there may be associated injuries, for example, to the anterior-inferior labro-ligamentous structures (in young individuals with traumatic instability) or to the bony components (commoner in the elderly), which are best visualized using MRI and MR arthrography. Anterior instability is associated with a Bankart lesion and its variants and abnormalities of the anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL), whereas posterior instability is associated with reverse Bankart and reverse Hill-Sachs lesions. Cases of multidirectional instability often have no labral pathology on imaging but show specific osseous changes including increased chondrolabral retroversion. This article reviews the relevant anatomy in brief and describes the MRI findings in each type, with the imaging features of the common abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jana
authors.forename: Deep Narayan
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Shivanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gamanagatti
authors.forename: Hiralal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Ashish Dutt
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Upadhyay