title: Factors associated with patient delay in seeking care after worsening symptoms in heart failure patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To receive optimal treatment and care, it is essential that heart failure (HF) patients react adequately to worsening symptoms and contact a health care provider early. This specific "patient delay" is an important part of the total delay time. The purpose of this study was to assess patient delay and its associated variables in HF patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cross-sectional study, data of 911 hospitalized HF patients from 17 Dutch hospitals (mean age 71 ± 12 years; 62% male; left ventricular ejection fraction 34 ± 15%) were analyzed. During the index hospitalization, patient delay and HF symptoms were assessed by interview. Patients completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms, knowledge and compliance. Clinical and demographic data were collected from medical charts and interviews by an independent data collector. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine independent associations with patient delay. Median patient delay was 48 hours; 296 patients reported short delay (<12 h) and 341 long delay (≥168 h). A history of myocardial infarction (MI) (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34-0.71) or stroke (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.76) was independently associated with short patient delay. Male gender, more HF knowledge, and more HF symptoms were associated with long patient delay. No differences were found between patients with and without a history of HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a history of a life-threatening event (MI or stroke) had a shorter delay than patients without such an event. Patients without a life-threatening event might need to be educated on the recognition and need for appropriate action in a different way then those with an acute threatening previous experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.m.w.nieuwenhuis@thorax.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Maurice M W
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuis
authors.forename: Tiny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaarsma
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
authors.forename: Martje H L
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van der Wal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors