title: Maternal smoking during pregnancy among Aboriginal women in New South Wales is linked to social gradient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Social gradients in Aboriginal health are seldom explored. This study describes social gradients and trends in smoking during pregnancy among Aboriginal mothers in NSW.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary analysis of the NSW Midwives Data Collection (MDC) 1994-2007, covering all births in NSW. Analyses examined associations between socio-demographic characteristics and smoking during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 1,214,206 pregnant women showed that 17.4% smoked during pregnancy. The rate of smoking during pregnancy among all NSW women declined from 22.3% in 1994 to 12.8% in 2007; the rate among Aboriginal women remained high, declining from 61.4% in 1994 to 50.2% in 2007. Smoking was substantially higher among Aboriginal mothers compared to non-Aboriginal mothers. Socio-economic analyses showed that the smoking rate among low SES Aboriginal mothers was approximately two and a half times that of high SES Aboriginal women, a similar gradient to non-Aboriginal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indicators of socio-economic position are a consistent, independent correlate of smoking during pregnancy for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for a social inequalities approach to smoking during pregnancy, specifically targeting more disadvantaged Aboriginal mothers and all teenage mothers for smoking prevention. Strategies to access more disadvantaged mothers should not be missed through broadly focused Aboriginal tobacco control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epidemiology and Research, New South Wales Health Department, Australia.
authors.forename: Aaron P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Thrift
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nancarrow
authors.forename: Adrian E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bauman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult