title: Intravesical therapy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: Transurethral resection is an effective therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, the high rates of recurrence and significant risk of progression in higher grade tumors mandates additional therapy with intravesical agents. In this review we discuss the role of various intravesical agents currently in use including the immunomodualtory agent BCG and chemotherapeutic agents. We discuss the current guidelines and the role of these therapeutic agents in the context of higher grade Ta and T1 tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manoharan