title: Induction maintenance concept for HAART as initial treatment in HIV infected infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected infants leads to improved long-term viral suppression and survival. Guidelines recommend initiating therapy with a triple ART consisting of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and either one additional non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a protease inhibitor (PI). Compared to older children and adults, viral relapse is seen more frequently in infants receiving triple ART. We now address the possibility of a more potent ART with a quadruple induction and triple maintenance therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examine the longitudinal course in four HIV infected infants, who were referred from other centers and could not be recruited to multicentre trials. We introduced ART initially consisting of two NRTIs, one NNRTI and one PI and later discontinued the PI at the age of 12 months maintaining a triple regime consisting of two NRTIs and one NNRTI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Provided that therapy adherence was maintained we observed an effective sustained decline of viral load and significant CD4 cell reconstitution even after switching to a triple regime. No drug associated toxicity was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that a four drug therapy might be a possible initial therapy option in HIV infected infants, at least in those with a high viral load, followed by a maintenance triple regime after 12 months of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. sujal.ghosh@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Sujal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niehues
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morali-Karzei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borkhardt
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Laws
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D019562:Viral Load