title: Development of controlled release formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid and their bioefficacy evaluation against aphid, Aphis gossypii and leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on potato crop.
abstract: Controlled release (CR) formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid were prepared employing polyvinyl chloride and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their bioefficacy was evaluated against the aphid, Aphis gossypii and leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on potato crop. The CR formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid provided better or equal control of the pests than commercial formulations. CMC-based formulation provided a superior control of both the pests. The Imida-CMC, which showed the lowest population of leaf hopper (10.50 leafhopper/100 cl), provided significantly superior control among all treatments after 35 days after germination (DAG). The residue of carbofuran and imidacloprid in potato tuber and soils were not detectable at the time of harvesting in any one of the formulations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. jitendrakumar7@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shakil
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Kamlesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; D002235:Carbofuran