title: Deficiency of type 1 cannabinoid receptors worsens acute heart failure induced by pressure overload in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the influence of type one cannabinoid receptor (CB1) deficiency on acute heart failure (AHF) and the underlying mechanism. Acute heart failure syndrome is an important clinical problem because of its high morbidity and mortality rates. Activation of CB1 induces vascular dilation and reinforces the properties of morphine, long-standing therapies for AHF syndrome, but the effect of endogenous CB1 activation on AHF is largely unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute heart failure mouse model characterized by hypertension and pulmonary oedema was created by using transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Mortality, echocardiography, haemodynamic, morphology, and circulatory catecholamine levels in response to TAC were evaluated in CB1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Type one cannabinoid receptor KO mice had a much higher mortality rate at 1 week after TAC attributable to AHF (65 vs. 11%, P< 0.001). One hour after TAC, CB1 KO mice had significant larger lung weight to body weight ratio (LW/BW, 14.53 + 1.09 mg/g in KO vs. 10.42 + 0.36 mg/g in WT, P < 0.01) and higher plasma epinephrine levels (9720 + 1226 pg/mL vs. 6378 + 832 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Pharmacological activation of CB1 reduced LW/BW in wild-type mice. Administration of epinephrine to wild-type TAC mice significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and LW/BW, while CB1 agonists reduced the LW/BW and the plasma levels of catecholamine and increased myocardial activity of AMP-activated protein kinase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endogenous activation of CB1 in mice has cardiac protection in AHF, which is attributable to the inhibition of excessive sympathetic activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, and Organ Failure Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou avenue north, Guangzhou 510515, China. liao18@msn.com
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Wanling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Baihe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qiaobing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dingli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ledent
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008026:Ligation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000150:complications*; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000172:deficiency*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D011494:Protein Kinases; D004837:Epinephrine