title: Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis.
abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease that is characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and chronic pain. Oxidative stress is considered one of the pathophysiological factors in the progression of OA. We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), which is an antioxidant, on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis of the knee joint of rat, which is an animal model of human OA. GSPE (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg) or saline was given orally three times per week for 4 weeks after the MIA injection. Pain was measured using the paw withdrawal latency (PWL), the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and the hind limb weight bearing ability. Joint damage was assessed using histological and microscopic analysis and microcomputerized tomography. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) and nitrotyrosine were detected using immunohistochemistry. Administration of GSPE to the MIA-treated rats significantly increased the PWL and PWT and this resulted in recovery of hind paw weight distribution (P < 0.05). GSPE reduced the loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan, the production of MMP13, nitrotyrosine and IL-1β and the formation of osteophytes, and it reduced the number of subchondral bone fractures in the MIA-treated rats. These results indicate that GSPE is antinociceptive and it is protective against joint damage in the MIA-treated rat model of OA. GSPE could open up novel avenues for the treatment of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Young Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Young Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Mi La
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hye Jwa
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Joo Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jhun
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin Sil
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Mi Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001862:Bone Resorption; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007461:Iodoacetates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000975:Antioxidants; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007461:Iodoacetates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; C013221:proanthocyanidin; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13