title: The impact of adopting ethnic or civic conceptions of national belonging for others' treatment.
abstract: National belonging is often defined in terms of "ethnic" ancestry and "civic" commitment (with the latter typically implying a more inclusive conception of belonging). The authors report three Scottish studies manipulating the prominence of these criteria. In Study 1 (N = 80), a Chinese-heritage target was judged more Scottish (and his criticisms of Scotland better received) when Scotland was defined in civic terms. In Study 2 (N = 40), a similar manipulation in a naturalistic setting showed a civic conception of belonging resulted in more help being given to a Chinese-heritage confederate. Study 3 (N = 71) replicated Study 2 and showed the effect was mediated by judgments of the confederate's Scottishness. These studies emphasize the importance of exploring how ingroup identity is defined.
authors.affiliation: School ofPsychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom. j.r.h.wakefield@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: Juliet R H
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cockburn
authors.forename: Ka Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shek
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muirhead
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reicher
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Rijswijk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003210:Concept Formation; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012606:Scotland; D012933:Social Identification; D055815:Young Adult