title: Physician endorsement alone may not enhance question-asking by advanced cancer patients during consultations about palliative care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to explore the effect of physician endorsement of question-asking on advanced cancer patients' question-asking behaviour during consultations about palliative care and to explore other potential predictors of patient question-asking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 80 control group patients from a randomised controlled trial of standard palliative care (PC) consultation (control group) versus provision of a question prompt list (QPL) before the consultation. Consecutive eligible patients with advanced cancer referred to 15 PC physicians from nine Australian PC centres participated. Baseline measures were obtained from patients; consultations were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed by blinded coders; and physicians estimated the patients' survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endorsement of question-asking by the physician was not related to the number of patient questions. Patients with the highest anxiety levels asked 3.5 times as many questions as those with least anxiety (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 3.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90-6.59, P = 0.001). After allowing for the effect of anxiety, patients with an estimated survival of >12 weeks asked 76% more questions (IRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-3.00, P = 0.04), whereas age, sex, educational background, occupation, information and involvement preferences and presence of a caregiver were not related to patient question-asking behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physician endorsement of question-asking alone does not appear to increase questions by advanced cancer patients during consultations about PC. Additional resources such as QPLs may be needed to facilitate patient question-asking.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. josephine.clayton@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Josephine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Natalia
authors.forename: Phyllis N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Butow
authors.forename: Judy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: Martin H N
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tattersall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D001315:Australia; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013534:Survival