title: Morbidity of tumour enucleation for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): results of a single-centre prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of adverse events (AEs) after tumour enucleation (TE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2006 and 2009, clinical, surgical and functional data were prospectively gathered from 200 consecutive patients who had open TE. TE was done by blunt dissection using the natural cleavage plane between the tumour capsule and normal parenchyma. All the AEs were stratified for severity according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 2.0 grading system. Risk factors for AEs were determined by univariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (range) tumour size was 3.2 (0.8-10.0) cm, and mean (range) warm ischaemia time (WIT) was 16.5 (5-31) min. Overall, 32 AEs (six grade I, 20 grade II, and six grade III) occurred after TE in 30 patients and of those 27 were surgical (13.5%) and five were medical AEs (2.5%). On univariate analysis, imperative/relative surgical indication was the only predictive factor for the development of medical AEs. Statistically significant predictors of overall surgical AEs and urinary fistula were clinical tumour dimension, completely endorenal tumour growth and a positive tumour relationship with the urinary collecting system (UCS). A completely endorenal tumour growth and a positive tumour relationship with the UCS also correlated with bleeding requiring transfusions. Completely endorenal tumour growth was significantly associated with major (grade III) AEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TE technique was associated with a 16% AE rate and of those only 3% required re-intervention (grade III). Urinary fistula occurred in six patients (3%) and ureteric stenting was required in 0.5% of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Italy. andreamine@libero.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minervini
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vittori
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapini
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuccio
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siena
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D047368:Tumor Burden; D052096:Warm Ischemia; D055815:Young Adult