title: Endoscopically assisted versus open repair of sagittal craniosynostosis: the St. Louis Children's Hospital experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the differences in effectiveness and morbidity between endoscopically assisted wide-vertex strip craniectomy with barrel-stave osteotomies and postoperative helmet therapy versus open calvarial vault reconstruction without helmet therapy for sagittal craniosynostosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2010, the authors prospectively observed 89 children less than 12 months old who were surgically treated for a diagnosis of isolated sagittal synostosis. The endoscopic procedure was offered starting in 2006. The data associated with length of stay, blood loss, transfusion rates, operating times, and cephalic indices were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 47 endoscopically treated patients with a mean age at surgery of 3.6 months and 42 patients with open-vault reconstruction whose mean age at surgery was 6.8 months. The mean follow-up time was 13 months for endoscopic versus 25 months for open procedures. The mean operating time for the endoscopic procedure was 88 minutes, versus 179 minutes for the open surgery. The mean blood loss was 29 ml for endoscopic versus 218 ml for open procedures. Three endoscopically treated cases (6.4%) underwent transfusion, whereas all patients with open procedures underwent transfusion, with a mean of 1.6 transfusions per patient. The mean length of stay was 1.2 days for endoscopic and 3.9 days for open procedures. Of endoscopically treated patients completing helmet therapy, the mean duration for helmet therapy was 8.7 months. The mean pre- and postoperative cephalic indices for endoscopic procedures were 68% and 76% at 13 months postoperatively, versus 68% and 77% at 25 months postoperatively for open surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopically assisted strip craniectomy offers a safe and effective treatment for sagittal craniosynostosis that is comparable in outcome to calvarial vault reconstruction, with no increase in morbidity and a shorter length of stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. shahma@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Manish N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Alex A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: J Dayne
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Albert S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Sybill D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Naidoo
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smyth
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data