title: Clinical anatomy of the chorda tympani: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The chorda tympani is at risk of iatrogenic injury throughout its course. This paper reviews the clinical anatomy of the nerve in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant English-language articles were identified using five electronic databases and one search engine. Data from approximately 70 scientific papers were supplemented with information from selected reference texts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anatomy of the chorda tympani differs from standard descriptions, particularly regarding its exit from the middle ear and area of lingual innervation. Whilst it is known to convey taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, the chorda tympani probably has additional sensory and secretomotor functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the chorda tympani may help to reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury during head, neck and middle-ear surgery, and to explain the variable consequences of such injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: P J D
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Dawes
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stringer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002814:Chorda Tympani Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008036:Lingual Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012472:Salivation / Q000502:physiology; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation*