title: Staged buccal mucosa urethroplasty in reoperative hypospadias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated attempts at surgical repair of serious complications involving either the partial or complete breakdown of the hypospadias repair are less likely to succeed because the penis is densely scarred, or significantly shortened, and the skin over the penis is immobile and hypovascular. Buccal mucosa (BM) has become the preferred material for reconstruction, whenever a child with skin-deficient hypospadias needs reoperation. We report the results of our surgical experience with staged reoperation using BM, in the repair of hypospadias in children with complications after multiple failed repairs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children needing reoperation for hypospadias underwent a staged repair using buccal mucosa. The complications were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one children aged 3 - 16 years underwent this staged repair during the period May 2000 - April 2010. Two of these 21 children had a failed first stage. One child developed a urethro-cutaneous fistula following the second stage, which was corrected in an additional stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the buccal mucosa graft for urethral reconstruction in a child with hypospadias, needing a reoperation, is a successful method, with a low incidence of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foudation, KLES Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital & MRC, Belgaum, India.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nerli
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Neelagund
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guntaka
authors.forename: Shivagouda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Siddayya C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hiremath
authors.forename: Sujata M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jali
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vernekar
authors.forename: Murigendra B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hiremath