title: Synergistic combination of hyperoxygenation and radiotherapy by repeated assessments of tumor pO2 with EPR oximetry.
abstract: The effect of hyperoxygenation with carbogen (95% O(2) + 5% CO(2)) inhalation on RIF-1 tumor pO(2 )and its consequence on growth inhibition with fractionated radiotherapy is reported. The temporal changes in the tumor pO(2) were assessed by in vivo Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) oximetry in mice breathing 30% O(2) or carbogen and the tumors were irradiated with 4 Gy/day for 5 consecutive days; a protocol that emulates the clinical application of carbogen. The RIF-1 tumors were hypoxic with a tissue pO(2) of 5-9 mmHg. Carbogen (CB) breathing significantly increased tumor pO(2), with a maximum increase at 22.9-31.2 min on days 1-5, however, the magnitude of increase in pO(2) declined on day 5. Radiotherapy during carbogen inhalation (CB/RT) resulted in a significant tumor growth inhibition from day 3 to day 6 as compared to 30%O(2)/RT and carbogen (CB/Sham RT) groups. The results provide unambiguous quantitative information on the effect of carbogen inhalation on tumor pO(2) over the course of 5 days. Tumor growth inhibition in the CB/RT group confirms that the tumor oxygenation with carbogen was radiobiologically significant. Repeated tumor pO(2) measurements by EPR oximetry can provide temporal information that could be used to improve therapeutic outcomes by scheduling doses at times of improved tumor oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: EPR Center for Viable Systems, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Huagang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ruhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jean P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lariviere
authors.forename: Sriram P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mupparaju
authors.forename: Harold M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C011700:carbogen; D010100:Oxygen