title: The impact of workplace incivility on the work environment, manager skill, and productivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of workplace incivility (WPI) on staff nurses related to cost and productivity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Healthful practice environments are one of the goals of the American Organization of Nurse Executives 2010 to 2012 Strategic Plan. Healthy work environments are linked to patient safety and quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal survey was sent to 2,160 staff nurses (n = 659 completed) and included the Nursing Incivility Scale and Work Limitation Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although almost 85% (n = 553) reported experiencing WPI in the past 12 months, nurses working in healthy work environments(defined as MagnetA, Pathway to Excellence, and/or Beacon Unit recognition) reported lower WPI scores compared with nurses working in the standard work environment (P G .001). Workplace incivility scores varied between types of unit. Nurses' perception of their manager's ability to handle WPI was negatively associated with WPI scores (P G .001). Lost productivity as a result of WPI was calculated at $11,581 per nurse per year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only does WPI exist at high rates, but also it is costly. Nursing leaders play a vital role ensuring a healthy work environment.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Sugar Land Hospital, Sugar Land, Texas 77479, USA. pslewis@tmhs.org
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smokler Lewis
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malecha
mesh_terms: D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010559:Personnel Management / Q000191:economics; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013781:Texas; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*