title: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in right and left heart failure: an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a novel marker for early detection of renotubular deterioration. Despite the limited data concerning the NGAL in heart failure (HF), significance of NGAL in right-sided HF remains unknown. We assessed serum and urinary NGAL in left and right-sided HF due to non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP) and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional observational study, we compared three groups; 35 patients with NICMP, 28 patients with PAH and 27 healthy controls. None had a serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by Cockroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study formulas, echocardiographic measures of left and right ventricles (LV, RV) and non-invasive measurement of cardiac index (CI) by echocardiography and impedance cardiography were assessed. Differences among the groups for continuous variables were evaluated by the ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate. The Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite eGFR with CG formula was lower in NICMP and PAH subsets as compared to those in controls (102±27 and 99.4±29.4 vs 122.4±25.9 mL/min, p<0.05 and p<0.005 in order), serum NGAL [141 (113-151), 174 (130-192) and 132 (95-181) ng/mL] and urinary NGAL [15 (12-18), 15 (12-22) and 13 (8-18) ng/mL] levels were not different among groups (p=0.15 and p=0.35, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the mildly impaired eGFR in left-sided HF due to NICMP and right-sided HF due to PAH, neither serum, nor urinary NGAL levels are elevated in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: Ibrahim Halil
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Tanboğa
authors.forename: Mehmet Mustafa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Can
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Nurşen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keleş
authors.forename: Hacer Ceren
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tokgöz
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bezgin
authors.forename: Cihangir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaymaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D054834:Lipocalins; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D003404:Creatinine