title: Differences in cortical response to acupressure and electroacupuncture stimuli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  FMRI studies focus on sub-cortical effects of acupuncture stimuli. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in primary somatosensory (S1) activity over the course of different types of acupuncture stimulation. We used whole head magnetoencephalography (MEG) to map S1 brain response during 15 minutes of electroacupuncture (EA) and acupressure (AP). We further assessed how brain response changed during the course of stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evoked brain response to EA differed from AP in its temporal dynamics by showing clear contralateral M20/M30 peaks while the latter demonstrated temporal dispersion. Both EA and AP demonstrated significantly decreased response amplitudes following five minutes of stimulation. However, the latency of these decreases were earlier in EA (~30 ms post-stimulus) than AP (> 100 ms). Time-frequency responses demonstrated early onset, event related synchronization (ERS), within the gamma band at ~70-130 ms and the theta band at ~50-200 ms post-stimulus. A prolonged event related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha and beta power occurred at ~100-300 ms post-stimulus. There was decreased beta ERD at ~100-300 ms over the course of EA, but not AP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both EA and AP demonstrated conditioning of SI response. In conjunction with their subcortical effects on endogenous pain regulation, these therapies show potential for affecting S1 processing and possibly altering maladaptive neuroplasticity. Thus, further investigation in neuropathic populations is needed.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Witzel
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Napadow
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kettner
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vangel
authors.forename: Matti S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.forename: Rupali P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dhond
mesh_terms: D019050:Acupressure; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult