title: Association between genetic polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis comprising 26,580 subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still conflicting. The present meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the overall risk of this polymorphism associated with DN in different groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A predefined search was performed on 14,108 DN cases and 12,472 controls from 63 published studies by searching electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this meta-analysis, we found a significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of DN for all genetic models (ID versus II: odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.24; DD versus II: OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.13-1.44; allele contrast: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.23; dominant model: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.31; and recessive model: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.30, respectively). In stratified analysis by ethnicity and DM type, we further found that the Asian group with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed a significant association for all genetic models (ID versus II: OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47; DD versus II: OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.24-1.98; allele contrast: OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.46; dominant model: OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.10-1.69; and recessive model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.15-1.56, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to DN development, especially in the Asian group with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: JiangSu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China. wangfuru1983@126.com
authors.forename: Furu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiaoqiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Ningle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Deyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yimei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xingjiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiangyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017594:Publication Bias
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A