title: A comparative evaluation of probiotics on salivary mutans streptococci counts in Indian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Probiotics and their effect on oral health have been a focus of numerous trials in recent times. No documented trials have been reported from developing countries such as India with its focus on probiotic use, especially in the paediatric population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of probiotics on salivary mutans streptococci (MS) counts of children using the two commercially and widely available preparations and to explore their anti-caries potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  A placebo controlled study was undertaken with 3 parallel arms comprising a total of 150 healthy children (7-14 years). The subjects were randomly divided into the groups (each comprising 50 children): group A - placebo powder, Group B - a freeze dried powdered combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium species, Group C - a freeze dried powdered preparation of Bacillus coagulans. The subjects were instructed to mix the preparation in 20 ml of water and to follow a swish and swallow method for 14 days. Mutans streptococci colony counts per ml of saliva were performed on Mitis-Salivarius Bacitracin agar collected on the first day and 14 days post-intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant reduction (p<0.001) in salivary mutans streptococci counts was recorded in both groups B and C after 14 days of probiotic ingestion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A cost-effective probiotic such as Bacillus coagulans might be a subject for further research for prevention of caries in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India. dr.gjindal@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001407:Bacillus; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D002648:Child; D004245:DMF Index; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D012923:Social Class; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*