title: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Rosemary.
abstract: The composition of the essential oil of Rosemary was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 22 components, which constitute 97.41% of the oil, were identified. The major constituents were 1,8-Cineole (26.54%) and α-Pinene (20.14%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill dynamic processes against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), three Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) were determined for the oil, 1,8-Cineole and α-Pinene. The oil showed pronounced antibacterial and antifungal activity than 1,8-Cineole and α-Pinene against all of the tested microbes. Furthermore, the survival rates and morphological changes of S. aureus after treatment with different concentrations of the essential oil were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chun-Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yuan-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.forename: Xiao-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C053775:rosemary oil; C005451:alpha-pinene; D000077591:Eucalyptol