title: Further increases in carbapenem-, amikacin-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa in Korea: KONSAR study 2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has become a serious worldwide problem. The aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance data generated in 2009 by hospitals and commercial laboratories participating in the Korean Nationwide Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Susceptibility data were collected from 24 hospitals and two commercial laboratories. In the analysis, resistance did not include intermediate susceptibility. Duplicate isolates were excluded from the analysis of hospital isolates, but not from the commercial laboratory isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the hospital isolates, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin G-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae based on meningitis breakpoint, and ampicillin- resistant Enterococcus faecium remained highly prevalent. The proportion of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium gradually increased to 29%. Ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae increased to 17% and 33%, respectively, and fluoroquinolone-resistant K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased to 33%, 67% and 39%, respectively. Amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter spp. increased to 48%. Imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa increased to 51% and 26%, respectively. Higher resistance rates were observed in intensive care unit (ICU) isolates than in non-ICU isolates among the isolates from hospitals. Resistance rates were higher in hospital isolates than in clinic isolates among the isolates from commercial laboratories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the hospital isolates, ceftazidime-resistant K. pneumoniae and fluoroquinolone- resistant K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., and P. aeruginosa further increased. The increase in imipenem resistance was slight in P. aeruginosa, but drastic in Acinetobacter spp. The problematic antimicrobial-organism combinations were much more prevalent among ICU isolates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungwon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-Na
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hye Lim
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jung Oak
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yeon-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dongeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Seok Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Yunsop
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000583:Amikacin