title: Lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt are common among HIV+ individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimates of the prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, and risks for new-onset suicidality, among HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals are not widely available in the era of modern combined antiretroviral treatment (cART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=1560) were evaluated with a comprehensive battery of tests that included the depression and substance use modules of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as part of a large prospective cohort study at six U.S. academic medical centers. Participants with possible lifetime depression (n=981) were classified into five categories: 1) no thoughts of death or suicide (n=352); 2) thoughts of death (n=224); 3) thoughts of suicide (n=99); 4) made a suicide plan (n=102); and 5) attempted suicide (n=204).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six percent (405/1560) of participants reported lifetime suicidal ideation and 13% (204/1560) reported lifetime suicide attempt. Participants who reported suicidal thoughts or plans, or attempted suicide, reported higher scores on the BDI-II (p<0.0001), and higher rates of current major depressive disorder (p=0.01), than those who did not. Attempters reported higher rates of lifetime substance abuse (p=0.02) and current use of psychotropic medications (p=0.01) than non-attempters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study assessments focused on lifetime, rather than current, suicide. Data was not collected on the timing of ideation or attempt, frequency, or nature of suicide attempt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High rates of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt, and the relationship of past report with current depressed mood, suggest that mood disruption is still prevalent in HIV. Findings emphasize the importance of properly diagnosing and treating psychiatric comorbidities among HIV persons in the cART era.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8231, United States.
authors.forename: Jayraan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Badiee
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J Hampton
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Florin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaida
authors.forename: Mickey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Nichole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gouaux
authors.forename: J Allen
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCutchan
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgello
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gelman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data