title: Normative nasalance scores for the Malay language.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish normative nasalance scores for a set of newly developed stimuli in Malay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 150 native speakers of Malay aged 6 years to 12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consented participants were initially screened to identify any overt difficulties relating to hearing, voice quality, resonance, or speech and language skills. Participants who passed the screen read or repeated each stimulus, and nasalance scores were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean nasalance score for the Oral passage was 13.86% (SD  =  5.11, 95% CI  =  13.04 to 14.68), 60.28% (SD  =  6.99, 95% CI  =  59.15 to 61.41) for the Nasal Passage, and 27.72% (SD  =  4.74, 95% CI  =  26.96 to 28.49) for the Set of Sentences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite small variations, the overall mean nasalance scores in Malay are consistent with published norms in other languages. Age and sex differences were observed but clinically not relevant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hasherah Mohd
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Nicky
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014833:Voice Quality