title: Effects of multiple drilling on the ischemic capital femoral epiphysis of immature piglets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of multiple drilling on the immature capital femoral epiphysis following ischemic injury in a piglet model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ischemic necrosis of capital femoral epiphysis was induced bilaterally in 12 piglets using a cervical ligation method. Three weeks later, medial, central, and lateral 3 drill holes were made on the left femoral head using 0.062" K-wire. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks following the multiple drilling, femoral heads were harvested from each three piglets. On histologic examination, percent of revascularization, percent of osteoblast surface, capital femoral epiphyseal quotient and proximal femoral growth plate height were evaluated. Untreated right femoral heads served as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While percent of revascularization of left capital femoral epiphysis with multiple drilling was significantly higher than untreated control side (p<0.001), percent of osteoblast surface, capital femoral epiphyseal quotient and proximal femoral growth plate height showed no significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that multiple drilling could promote revascularization of ischemic capital femoral epiphysis, and multiple drilling does not appear to produce bony physeal bars at short-term, if using small diameter drill. However, multiple drilling alone does not seem to prevent femoral head deformity or to promote new bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Hyun Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hui-Wan
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung Yup
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007873:Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013552:Swine