title: Expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice is enhanced but is not further improved by other potential life-extending interventions.
abstract: Mitochondrial biogenesis is essential for cell viability. Growth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO), calorie restriction, and surgical visceral fat removal constitute experimental interventions to delay aging and increase life span. We examined the expression of known regulators of mitochondriogenesis: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) and sirtuin-3 (SIRT-3), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nuclear respiratory factor-1, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitofusin-2 (MFN-2) in the skeletal muscles and hearts of control and calorie-restricted female GHRKO mice and in the kidneys of male GHRKOs after visceral fat removal or sham surgery. Expression of PGC-1α in skeletal muscles, AMPK, SIRT-1, SIRT-3, eNOS, and MFN-2 in the heart and PGC-1α, AMPK, SIRT-3, eNOS, and MFN-2 in kidneys was increased in GHRKO mice but was not affected by calorie restriction or visceral fat removal. GHRKO mice have increased expression of key regulators of mitochondriogenesis, which is not improved further by calorie restriction or visceral fat removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowski St., No 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland. adges7@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gesing
authors.forename: Michal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Masternak
authors.forename: Feiya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anna-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.forename: Reyhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewinski
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karbownik-Lewinska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartke
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000601:surgery; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D051266:Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D056566:Sirtuin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C495634:Nrf1 protein, mouse; D051266:Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; D047495:PPAR gamma; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; C525046:Sirt3 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; C422562:mitochondrial transcription factor A; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D011494:Protein Kinases; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C488751:Mfn2 protein, mouse