title: Bladder cancer imaging: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the recent advances in imaging for diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of bladder cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of multidetector 64-slice computed tomography (CT) and diffusion-weighted imaging has enabled higher-resolution imaging of bladder cancer on CT and MRI, respectively, increasing both specificity and sensitivity in the detection of bladder tumors and extravesical disease relative standard imaging. Although urinary excretion of F-FDG produces difficulties in the interpretation of F-FDG PET/CT, new techniques have been described to overcome this limitation. The use of the agent C-acetate with PET/CT may be another option when performing imaging for staging and treatment decision-making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate and reproducible imaging is critical in the management of bladder cancer. The resolution of a number of imaging modalities has increased, likely allowing for improved treatment decisions. Further research is needed to improve the diagnosis of small and/or flat lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Kelvin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
authors.forename: Bernard H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bochner
mesh_terms: D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*