title: Development and validation of the Caregiver Empowerment Scale: a resource for working with family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use multitrait analysis to determine the measurement structure of the Caregiver Empowerment Scale (CES).
  
  
  METHODS
  An American sample of 87 adult primary family caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A four-factor structure was identified including factor 1 (Advocacy Self-Efficacy), factor 2 (Community Self-Efficacy), factor 3 (Caregiver Self-Efficacy), and factor 4 (Personal Self-Efficacy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CES provides clinicians and researchers a means to assess self-perceived coping abilities of family caregivers of persons with TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Administration, Rehabilitation, and Postsecondary Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92108, USA. cdegenef@mail.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Charles Edmund
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Degeneffe
authors.forename: Fong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States