title: Kidney and heart interactions during cardiorenal syndrome: a molecular and clinical pathogenic framework.
abstract: The heart and kidney are physiologically interconnected. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological disorder where acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce dysfunction in the other one. Although classical studies have proposed a role for hypertension, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction, CRS should be considered as a complex molecular interplay of neurohumoral pathway activation including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin angiotensin aldosterone axis, the endothelin system and the arginine vasopressin system. This activation may induce vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and both myocardial and intrarenal fibrosis with progression of CRS treatment. More recently, epigenetics has opened new pathogenic molecular routes for CRS. This will lead to a more rapid development of novel, safe and effective clinical therapies.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Patologia Generale, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Cardiovascolari, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy. claudio.napoli@unina2.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casamassimi
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crudele
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abbondanza
mesh_terms: D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*