title: Long-term memory of color stimuli in the jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos).
abstract: Wild-caught jungle crows (n = 20) were trained to discriminate between color stimuli in a two-alternative discrimination task. Next, crows were tested for long-term memory after 1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, and 10-month retention intervals. This preliminary study showed that jungle crows learn the task and reach a discrimination criterion (80% or more correct choices in two consecutive sessions of ten trials) in a few trials, and some even in a single session. Most, if not all, crows successfully remembered the constantly reinforced visual stimulus during training after all retention intervals. These results suggest that jungle crows have a high retention capacity for learned information, at least after a 10-month retention interval and make no or very few errors. This study is the first to show long-term memory capacity of color stimuli in corvids following a brief training that memory rather than rehearsal was apparent. Memory of visual color information is vital for exploitation of biological resources in crows. We suspect that jungle crows could remember the learned color discrimination task even after a much longer retention interval.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo Graduate School of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Bezawork Afework
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bogale
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakano
authors.forename: Sonoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Shoei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003118:Color Perception; D046368:Crows; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D057567:Memory, Long-Term; D010775:Photic Stimulation