title: Do historical changes in parent-child relationships explain increases in youth conduct problems?
abstract: The coincidence of historical trends in youth antisocial behavior and change in family demographics has led to speculation of a causal link, possibly mediated by declining quality of parenting and parent-child relationships. No study to date has directly assessed whether and how parenting and parent-child relationships have changed. Two national samples of English adolescents aged 16-17 years in 1986 (N = 4,524 adolescents, 7,120 parents) and 2006 (N = 716 adolescents, 734 parents) were compared using identical questionnaire assessments. Youth-reported parental monitoring, expectations, and parent-child quality time increased between 1986 and 2006. Ratings of parental interest did not change. Parenting differences between affluent and disadvantaged families narrowed over time. There was thus little evidence of a decline in quality of parenting for the population as a whole or for disadvantaged subgroups. Parent-reported youth conduct problems showed a modest increase between 1986 and 2006. Findings suggested that the increase in youth conduct problems was largely unrelated to observed change in parent-child relationships.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath, 4th Floor, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. collishaws@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collishaw
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maughan
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pickles
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000639:trends; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000639:trends*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors