title: Effects of n-propyl gallate on neuronal survival after forebrain ischemia in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to assess the effects of intraperitoneal administration of n-propyl gallate (PG) on hippocampal neuronal survival after forebrain ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of 6 groups. Animals in the PG-I-10, PG-I-8 and PG-S groups received intraperitoneal injection of PG (100mg/kg) 72, 48, 24h and 30 min before severe (10 min) or moderate (8 min) ischemia or sham operation, respectively, while animals in the V-I-10, V-I-8 and V-S groups received the vehicle (10% DMSO) in the same manner. Forebrain ischemia was produced by bilateral carotid occlusion combined with hypotension (35 mmHg) under isoflurane anesthesia. Animals were killed 7 days after reperfusion. Histological assessments were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In separate groups of animals that received PG or vehicle, m-RNA levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using the reverse transcription-PCR protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of normal neurons was significantly higher in the PG-I-8 group compared with that in the V-I-8 group, whereas it was similar between the PG-I-10 and V-I-10 groups. Animals that received PG had significantly higher levels of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF expression compared with those that received vehicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that intraperitoneal administration of PG may have neuroprotective effects in a model of moderate, but not severe, forebrain ischemia in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000098:blood supply*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011435:Propyl Gallate