title: Turner syndrome and metabolic derangements: another example of fetal programming.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Turner syndrome (TS) patients have an increased risk of weight gain and metabolic syndrome. To date, it is unknown what factors are involved in this metabolic process, even though it is recognized that TS patients are frequently born small-for-gestational age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between lipid and glucose profiles with being overweight and birth weight and length in TS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum glucose, insulin (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in 64 patients with TS. Data regarding birth weight and length and current body mass index (BMI) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cholesterol showed a significant negative correlation with birth weight and a positive correlation with BMI; triglycerides showed significant negative correlation with birth weight and length and a positive correlation with BMI; and HOMA-IR showed a significant negative correlation with birth weight and length. Low birth weight and a high BMI were predictive for 28% of total cholesterol and triglycerides; and low birth weight for 22% of HOMA-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipid profile was correlated with a high current BMI and low birth weight and length in TS patients and glucose profile only with low birth weight. Thus far, growth retardation may play a role in metabolic derangements in this group of patients, being considered another example of fetal programming.
authors.affiliation: Growth and Body Composition Lab, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Duarte
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Baldin
authors.forename: Adriana Aparecida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Siviero-Miachon
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Sofia Helena Valente
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: de Lemos-Marini
authors.forename: Angela Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spinola-Castro
authors.forename: Maria Tereza Matias
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.forename: Lilia Freire Rodrigues
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: D'Souza-Li
authors.forename: André Moreno
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.forename: Andrea Trevas
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Maciel-Guerra
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra-Junior
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides