title: The association between infection burden in Iranian patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to evaluate the association of ischemic heart disease (IHD) with the number of pathogens (infection burden) among individuals with infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  a total of 120 patients with IHD as the acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=60) or unstable angina (UA; n=60) group and 60 healthy subjects with sex- and age-matched as control group were enrolled in this study. Serum samples of all participants were tested for the presence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), cytomegalovirus (CMV), type-1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and type- 2 HSV (HSV-2) by using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding the association of the infection burden with IHD, the prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 3.18 (CI: 1.50-6.72; P<0.001) for 3 seropositivities and 3.83 (CI: 0.84-17.43; P<0.05) for 4 seropositivities. The rate of subjects with high infection burden (3 seropositivities) was significantly higher in IHD group as compared to control group (53.4% vs 21.6%; P<0.01). Moreover, the mean number of seropositivities was also significantly higher in patients with IHD in comparison to control group (2.47 vs 1.68; P<0.01). The seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori antibodies in AMI and UA groups was significantly higher compared to control group (P<0.0001). The seroprevalence of anti-CMV antibodies in AMI and UA group was also significantly higher than those observed in control group (P<0.01). Moreover, the seroprevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies was significantly higher in AMI and UA groups in comparison to control group (P<0.001). The seroprevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies was similarly expressed in patients and healthy control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the infection burden was significantly higher in patients with IHD, which represent that the parameter should also be considered as an independent risk factor for development of IHD. The seroprevalence of H. pylori, CMV and HSV-1 were also higher in patients with IHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Jafarzadeh14@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafarzadeh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahmasbi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rezayati
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sayadi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G