title: Oxidative stress and myocardial remodeling in chronic mitral regurgitation.
abstract: Mechanisms of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in isolated mitral regurgitation (MR) are not well understood. Vasodilator therapy in other forms of LV dysfunction reduces LV wall stress and improves LV function; however, studies in isolated MR show no beneficial effect on LV remodeling using vasodilator drugs or renin-angiotensin system blockade. Therefore, the search for new therapies that improve LV remodeling and function in isolated MR is clinically significant. Recent work in the authors' laboratory has demonstrated increased oxidants from a number of sources including the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in the LV of patients with isolated MR. In addition to being a major source of reactive oxygen species, XO is linked to bioenergetic dysfunction because its substrates derive from adenosine triphosphate catabolism. Correspondingly, there was also evidence of aggregates of small mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, which is generally considered a response to bioenergetic deficit in cells. Future studies are required to determine whether XO and persistent oxidative stress are causative in maladaptive LV remodeling and offer potential therapeutic targets in ameliorating LV damage in patients with isolated MR.
authors.affiliation: Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gladden
authors.forename: Mustafa I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Silvio H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Litovsky
authors.forename: Chun G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schiros
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: Himanshu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Denney
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Darley-Usmar
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McGiffin
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dell'Italia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase