title: An in vitro evaluation of the growth of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts after exposure to a 4-META-containing methacrylate-based endodontic sealer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of MetaSEAL, a 4-META-containing meth-acrylate-based endodontic sealer, on human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts. There are a limited number of studies on the cytotoxic effects of MetaSEAL, and there are no studies on the cytotoxic effects of MetaSEAL on cells it might come into contact with in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  MetaSEAL concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL were exposed to HPDL fibroblast cultures and evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Controls included untreated cells and cells treated with ethanol, the vehicle for MetaSEAL suspension. Crystal violet staining in 24-well plates and the fluorescence-based CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay in 96-well plates assessed fibroblast viability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant cytotoxicity against HPDL growth by MetaSEAL was both time- and concentration-dependent. At day 1 there were no significant cytotoxic effects, whereas by day 3, 800 μg/mL concentration, by day 7, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL concentrations, and by day 14, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL concentrations were significantly cytotoxic. By day 21, all concentrations were significantly cytotoxic. These findings were confirmed by both the crystal violet and CyQUANT assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetaSEAL endodontic sealer has increasing HPDL cytotoxicity with both concentration and time exposure.
authors.affiliation: United States Army Endodontic Residency Program, Fort Gordon, Georgia, USA. bradley.morrison@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sidow
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Augustine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005840:Gentian Violet; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012997:Solvents; C534239:metaseal; D000431:Ethanol; C034139:4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride; D005840:Gentian Violet