title: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in radiation research: Current status and perspectives.
abstract: Exposure to radiation leads to a number of health-related malfunctions. Ionizing radiation is more harmful than non-ionizing radiation, as it causes both direct and indirect effects. Irradiation with ionizing radiation results in free radical-induced oxidative stress. Free radical-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in a plethora of diseased states, including cancer, arthritis, aging, Parkinson's disease, and so on. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has various applications to measure free radicals, in radiation research. Free radicals disintegrate immediately in aqueous environment. Free radicals can be detected indirectly by the EPR spin trapping technique in which these forms stabilize the radical adduct and produce characteristic EPR spectra for specific radicals. Ionizing radiation-induced free radicals in calcified tissues, for example, teeth, bone, and fingernail, can be detected directly by EPR spectroscopy, due to their extended stability. Various applications of EPR in radiation research studies are discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur Delhi - 110054, India.
authors.forename: Sudha
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authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Raman
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authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shefali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Antoaneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zheleva
authors.forename: Yanka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dimitrova
authors.forename: Veselina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gadjeva
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma