title: A comparison of throwing kinematics between youth baseball players with and without a history of medial elbow pain.
abstract: Risk factors in throwing factors associated to little league elbow have not been adequately explored. Whether these factors also affect the players' performance is also important to elucidate while modifying throwing pattern to reduce injury. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in throwing kinematics between youth baseball players with or without a history of medial elbow pain (MEP) and to determine the relationship between their throwing kinematics and ball speed. Fifteen players with previous MEP were matched with 15 healthy players by age, height and weight. Throwing kinematics was recorded by an electromagnetic motion analysis system. A foot switch was used for determining foot off and foot contact. Ball speed was recorded with a sports radar gun. The group with a history of MEP demonstrated less elbow flexion angle at maximum shoulder external rotation and had more lateral trunk tilt at ball release compared to the healthy group. The group with a history of MEP also had faster maximum upper torso rotation velocities, maximum pelvis rotation velocities and ball speeds. Maximum shoulder external rotation angle (r = 0.458, P = 0.011), elbow flexion angle at maximum shoulder external rotation (r = -0.637, P = 0.0003), and maximum upper torso rotation velocity (r = 0.562, P = 0.002) had significant correlation with ball speed. Findings of this study can be treated as elbow injury-related factors that clinicians and coaches can attend to when taking care of youth
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yung-Hsien
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Learman
authors.forename: Yung-Shen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001484:Baseball; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology