title: Technological advances in radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the important technological advances that have taken place in the planning and delivery of both external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, and the implications for improved clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technological advances in external beam radiation treatment and brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer allow more precise targeting of tumour and relative sparing of surrounding normal organs and tissues. Early evidence is emerging to indicate that these advances will translate into improvements in tumour control and reduced side effects. However, there are patient, tumour and treatment-related factors that can detract from these benefits. Foremost among these is complex, unpredictable and sometimes dramatic internal tumour and normal organ motion during treatment. The focus of current research and clinical development is on tracking internal anatomic change in individual patients and adapting treatment plans as required to assure that optimal tumour coverage and normal tissue sparing is maintained at all times. The success of this approach will depend on clear definitions of target volumes, high resolution daily soft tissue imaging, and new software tools for rapid contouring, treatment planning and quality assurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer is evolving rapidly, driven by advances in technology, towards more individualized patient care that has the potential to substantially improve clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto and Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Marita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgia
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fyles
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milosevic
mesh_terms: D024221:Antineoplastic Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058996:Quality Improvement; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*