title: Passive air sampling of organochlorine pesticides in a northeastern state of India, Manipur.
abstract: Thirty-six polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed over a year during January to December, 2009 at three locations, i.e., Imphal (urban site), Thoubal (rural site) and Waithou (alpine site) of Manipur, to assess the seasonal local atmospheric emission of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The average concentration of HCHs monitored at mountain site during hot season (Mar, Apr, and May) and rainy seasons (Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep) were 403 and 349 pg/m3, respectively. DDTs had a high concentration with 384 pg/m3 at rural site and 379 pg/m3 at urban site during hot seasons. Endosulfans and chlordane were found high in concentration during hot seasons (260 pg/m3) and low during retreating monsoon seasons (44 pg/m3) at rural site. Most of the OCPs concentrations were high during cultivation period. The OCP concentrations of rainy season were highly correlated (p < 0.01) with OCPs of hot seasons. Further, positive correlation (p < 0.05) was also obtained between cold seasons and retreating monsoon. Principal component analysis showed a significant correlation among the four seasons and distribution pattern of OCPs in air. Back trajectory analysis by using HYPSLIT model showed a long range air transport of OCPs to the present study area. Present OCP levels at Manipur is an outcome of both local emission and also movement of air mass by long range atmospheric transport.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China. nldevi.cug@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ningombam Linthoingambi
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Paromita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ishwar Chandra
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002947:Cities; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D038622:Internationality; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides