title: Development of a spatially offset Raman spectroscopy probe for breast tumor surgical margin evaluation.
abstract: The risk of local recurrence for breast cancers is strongly correlated with the presence of a tumor within 1 to 2 mm of the surgical margin on the excised specimen. Previous experimental and theoretical results suggest that spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) holds much promise for intraoperative margin analysis. Based on simulation predictions for signal-to-noise ratio differences among varying spatial offsets, a SORS probe with multiple source-detector offsets was designed and tested. It was then employed to acquire spectra from 35 frozen-thawed breast tissue samples in vitro. Spectra from each detector ring were averaged to create a composite spectrum with biochemical information covering the entire range from the tissue surface to ∼2 mm below the surface, and a probabilistic classification scheme was used to classify these composite spectra as "negative" or "positive" margins. This discrimination was performed with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity, or with 100% positive predictive value and 94% negative predictive value.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vargis
authors.forename: Nara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Matos Granja
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Mary-Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mycek
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan-Jansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D055620:Optical Phenomena; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*