title: Associations of cytokine gene polymorphisms with post-stroke depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of both stroke and depression, and their production is influenced by the transcriptional activity of particular gene polymorphisms. We hypothesised that alleles related to higher pro-inflammatory and/or lower anti-inflammatory cytokine production would be associated with post-stroke depression (PSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 276 stroke cases, depression was diagnosed using DSM-IV, and classified into major PSD (N = 29), all (major plus minor) PSD (N = 77), and control (N = 199) groups. Genotyping for six pro-inflammatory polymorphisms (TNF-α -850C/T and -308G/A, IL-1β -511C/T and + 3953C/T, IL-6 -174G/C, and IL-8 -251T/A) and two anti-inflammatory polymorphisms (IL-4 + 33T/C and IL-10 -1082G/A) was conducted. Individual associations with PSD were estimated using logistic regression models. Total numbers of potential risk alleles were calculated for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes and analysed against depression using χ(2)-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IL-4 + 33C/C genotype was associated with major PSD, and the IL-10 -1082A/A genotype was associated with all PSD. Increasing numbers of risk alleles for these two anti-inflammatory cytokine genotypes were significantly associated with both PSD categories. No significant associations were found with any pro-inflammatory cytokine allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alleles associated with reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine function were associated with PSD, supporting the cytokine hypothesis in its etiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. jmkim@chommam.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Sung-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Il-Seon
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Joon-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Man-Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jin-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines