title: Biomechanical anchorage evaluation of mini-implants treated with sandblasting and acid etching in orthodontics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the stability of sandblasted and acid-etched miniscrew implants based on orthodontic mechanics for space closure after tooth extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four orthodontic mini-implants were placed in 13 patients, for a skeletal anchorage purpose, all prepared by the manufacturer (3M Unitek-IMTEC Ortho USA) with sandblasting and acid treatment. Anchorage measurements were made on occlusal radiographs, on a monthly basis in a 6-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the mini-implants were effective for the clinical trial; but 65% of the mini-implants, after been loaded, showed up to 1 degree, or less, of displacement, while 35% showed ≥2 degrees shift. The mandible mini-implants resulted in a smaller amount of displacement than the ones located in the maxilla. The ones located at the anterior maxilla displaced less than the posterior. The best results were obtained with the 8-mm mini-implants, followed by the 6-mm and 10-mm mini-implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modifying the mini-implant surface with sandblasting and acid treatment offers good bone anchoring for orthodontic purposes.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios Superiores de Ortodoncia, Mexico. jorgehcalderon@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jorge H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Calderón
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Adán A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Casasa
authors.forename: Mauricio A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ceja
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D015921:Dental Implants; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016348:Osseointegration; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants