title: Assessment and treatment of cardiovascular risk in prediabetes: impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose.
abstract: Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at high risk, not only to develop diabetes mellitus, but also to experience an adverse cardiovascular (CV) event (myocardial infarction, stroke, CV death) later in life. The underlying pathophysiologic disturbances (insulin resistance and impaired β-cell function) responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes are maximally/near maximally expressed in subjects with IGT/IFG. These individuals with so-called prediabetes manifest all of the same CV risk factors (dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, insulin resistance, procoagulant state, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation) that place patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for macrovascular complications. The treatment of these CV risk factors should follow the same guidelines established for patients with type 2 diabetes, and should be aggressively followed to reduce future CV events.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. albarado@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DeFronzo
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdul-Ghani
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides