title: Probabilistic gait classification in children with cerebral palsy: a Bayesian approach.
abstract: Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) generates a wealth of highly variable data. Gait classifications help to reduce, simplify and interpret this vast amount of 3DGA data and thereby assist and facilitate clinical decision making in the treatment of CP. CP gait is often a mix of several clinically accepted distinct gait patterns. Therefore, there is a need for a classification which characterizes each CP gait by different degrees of membership for several gait patterns, which are considered by clinical experts to be highly relevant. In this respect, this paper introduces Bayesian networks (BN) as a new approach for classification of 3DGA data of the ankle and knee in children with CP. A BN is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph. Furthermore, they provide an explicit way of introducing clinical expertise as prior knowledge to guide the BN in its analysis of the data and the underlying clinically relevant relationships. BNs also enable to classify gait on a continuum of patterns, as their outcome consists of a set of probabilistic membership values for different clinically accepted patterns. A group of 139 patients with CP was recruited and divided into a training- (n=80% of all patients) and a validation-dataset (n=20% of all patients). An average classification accuracy of 88.4% was reached. The BN of this study achieved promising accuracy rates and was found to be successful for classifying ankle and knee joint motion on a continuum of different clinically relevant gait patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, FaBeR, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium. leen.vangestel@faber.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Gestel
authors.forename: Tinne
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Laet
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Lello
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruyninckx
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Molenaers
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Campenhout
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aertbeliën
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wambacq
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Cock
authors.forename: Kaat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Desloovere
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological