title: Benefits of supplemented preterm formulas on insulin sensitivity and body composition after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate body composition and fasting insulin level in preterm infants receiving preterm formulas (higher protein plus docosahexaenoic acid) for longer periods compared with a recent historical cohort receiving these formulas for shorter periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 95 infants fed preterm formula for 6 months or longer (postdischarge formula group) and 87 infants fed preterm formula only during their hospital stay (hospital formula group) were included in this arm of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone mineral density, content, and lean mass were not different at 1 year and 2 years. However, in the postdischarge formula group, total fat mass (%) was lower by the second year (19.3% ± 5.3% vs 21.7% ± 4.2%; P < .01), trunk fat was lower by the first year (14.7% ± 5.0% vs 16.9% ± 4.9%; P < .005) and at the second year (14.1% ± 5.7% vs 17.2% ± 4.7%; P < .001), and fasting insulin was lower by the first year (13.2% ± 7.1% vs 17.2% ± 13.6% mIU/L; P = .06) and at the second year (13.6% ± 6.1% vs 26.4% ± 14.2%; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm infants fed formulas enriched with docosahexaenoic acid may have a better subsequent metabolic profile.
authors.affiliation: Neonatology Unit, Hospital Dr Sótero del Rio, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pittaluga
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernal
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Henrriquez
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morgues
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Standen
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moncada
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arriagada
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mericq
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin