title: Novel incretin-based agents and practical regimens to meet needs and treatment goals of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: As knowledge of pathophysiologic mechanisms of diabetes mellitus has increased, clinical attention has shifted to the incretin system. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1, or GLP-1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, are vital to the control of glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell preservation. Novel strategies for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) engage the incretin system. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists provide robust glycemic control as well as beneficial reductions in body weight. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, or DPP-4, inhibitors exhibit beneficial glycemic effects and are weight-neutral. Incretin-based medications are becoming increasingly recognized in guidelines as early treatment options because of their efficacy and well-tolerated profiles. The author reviews the safety and efficacy of currently approved incretin-based agents, as well as the role of these medications in treatment paradigms for patients with T2DM. He also discusses investigational incretin-based agents.
authors.affiliation: Department ofMedicine, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030-3411, USA. agarber@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Garber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000069476:Linagliptin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011687:Purines; D011799:Quinazolines; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D054795:Incretins; D011687:Purines; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069476:Linagliptin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1