title: A literature review on breathing retraining as a self-management strategy operationalized through Rosswurm and Larrabee's evidence-based practice model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to critically appraise and synthesize the literature on breathing retraining as a self-management strategy for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guided by Rosswurm and Larrabee's evidence-based practice model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scientific literature review, grey literature review, and hand searching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An exhaustive review of the literature revealed evidence that regularly practiced pursed lip breathing is an effective self-management strategy for individuals with COPD to improve their dyspnea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is expected that implementation of this non-pharmacological self-management intervention will improve perception of dyspnea, functional performance, and self-efficacy in individuals with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA. facchiano.lynda@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Facchiano
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffman Snyder
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Núñez
mesh_terms: D001945:Breathing Exercises; D002908:Chronic Disease; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D012119:Respiration; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*