title: Design, fabrication and characterization of indefinite metamaterials of nanowires.
abstract: Indefinite optical properties, which are typically characterized by hyperbolic dispersion relations, have not been observed in naturally occurring materials, but can be realized through a metamaterial approach. We present here the design, fabrication and characterization of nanowire metamaterials with indefinite permittivity, in which all-angle negative refraction of light is observed. The bottom-up fabrication technique, which applies electrochemical plating of nanowires in porous alumina template, is developed and demonstrated in achieving uniform hyperbolic optical properties at a large scale. We developed techniques to improve the uniformity and to reduce the defect density in the sample. The non-magnetic design and the off-resonance operation of the nanowire metamaterials significantly reduce the energy loss of electromagnetic waves and make the broad-band negative refraction of light possible.
authors.affiliation: National Science Foundation (NSF) Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, 5130 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun-Tong
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Zhaowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartal
authors.forename: Angelica M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stacy
authors.forename: Yuh-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang