title: Gastric volvulus, Borchardt's Triad, and Endoscopy: A Rare Twist.
abstract: The authors describe a case of gastric volvulus, which is a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction. An 85-year-old man presented with nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. Admission abdominal radiograph demonstrated a grossly distended stomach with air-fluid levels. Multiple attempts at nasogastric tube placement failed. Endoscopy revealed a fluid-filled, tortuous stomach with a paraesophageal hernia, and the operator was unable to locate or pass the scope through the pylorus. Traditionally Borchardt's triad is believed to be diagnostic for acute gastric volvulus and consists of unproductive retching, epigastric pain and distention, and the inability to pass a nasogastric tube. The authors propose that the following features on endoscopy are highly suggestive of the most common type of volvulus (organoaxial): tortuous stomach, paraesophageal hernia, and inability to locate or pass the scope through the pylorus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA. (A.P.C.). anthony.cardile@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cardile
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Heppner
mesh_terms: D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D035583:Rare Diseases; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods