title: Effect of 4-aminoantipyrine on oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion in single human erythrocytes using a microfluidic device together with fluorescence imaging.
abstract: The effects of 4-aminoantipyrine (AAP) on oxidative stress induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion in single human erythrocytes were investigated using microfluidic technique and fluorescence imaging. Most cell-based toxicity evaluations on GSH are performed with bulk experiments based on analysis of cell populations. This work established a single-cell toxicity evaluation method to statistically analyze the GSH amount in single erythrocytes incubated with AAP in different concentrations. The experimental conditions of cell flow rate and cell concentration were optimized. The GSH contents in erythrocytes decreased with increasing dose of AAP. At low concentration, AAP had a little effect on GSH; while at high concentration, AAP led to GSH depletion reaching a maximum of 14.53%. The depletion of GSH leads to a significant shift to a more oxidizing intracellular environment. This study provides basic data for presenting the effect of AAP on GSH in erythrocytes and is helpful for understanding its toxicity during the blood transportation process. In addition, it will also complement studies on the environmental risk assessment of AAP pollution.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, PR China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Rutao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000675:Ampyrone / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects; D002138:Calibration; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000675:Ampyrone; D005978:Glutathione