title: The effect of specimen temperature on the polymerization of a resin-composite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use rapid scan FT-IR and Knoop microhardness to determine the effect of specimen temperature on the rate and extent of polymerization of a dental resin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-millimeter thick specimens of shade A2 Tetric EvoCeram were light cured for 20s at 22, 26, 30, and 35°C. The IR spectrum was obtained at the bottom of the specimens at a rate of 3 measurements per second for the first 5 min, and then again 2h later. The Knoop microhardness was measured at the bottom of the samples in the region where the IR spectrum was recorded at 5 min and 2h after light curing. Data were statistically analyzed using mixed model ANOVA (with Fisher's PLSD) to examine the effect of temperature, time and their interaction. The rate of conversion was determined using first differences and smoothed using a cubic spline procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bottom surfaces of the samples light cured at 22, 26, 30 and 35°C were all significantly different from each other (p<0.05). The higher temperature resulted in higher degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness values, and faster maximum rate of polymerization, which also occurred sooner. One second after the light was turned on, the rate of conversion was 106% faster at 35°C than at 22°C (p=0.003). Regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between the degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness (r²=0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relatively small difference in temperature can have a large and significant effect on the rate and extent of polymerization of dental resin. Consequently laboratory studies comparing the performance of resins should be conducted at clinically relevant temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. rbprice@dal.ca
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahey
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006245:Hardness Tests; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D058105:Polymerization; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram