title: [Effect of spearmint oil on lipopolysaccharide induced emphysema-like changes and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of spearmint oil on emphysema-like changes and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-9) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emphysematous changes model was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS once a week for up to 8 weeks in rats. Rats were divided into control, dexamethasone (0.3 mg x kg(-1)), and spearmint oil (10, 30,100 mg x kg(-1)) groups. Each group was treated with saline, dexamethasone, and spearmint of oil respectively for 4 weeks. Then total and different white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were carried out. The pathologic changes of lung tissue such as alveolar structure, airway inflammation, and goblet cell metaplasia were observed by HE and AB-PAS staining. Expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, TIMP-1 and MMP-9 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both spearmint and dexamethasone decreased the destruction of pulmonary alveolus. The total and different white blood cell counts in BALF including neutrophile and lymphocyte of spearmint oil 100 mg x kg(-1) and dexamethasone group were significantly reduced, and the goblet cell metaplasia was also inhibited. Dexamethasone had inhibitory effect on the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, TIMP-1 and MMP-9. Spearmint oil 30, 100 mg x kg(-1) significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta respectively. Spearmint oil 10, 30 and 100 mg x kg(-1) had no effect on the expression of TIMP-1, but could decrease the expression of MMP-9 significantly in lung tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spearmint oil has protective effect on rats with emphysematous changes, since it improves alveolar destruction, pulmonary inflammation, and goblet cell metaplasia. The mechanism may include reducing TNF-alpha, IL-1beta content and inhibiting overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lung tissues.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. junbo_liu@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Junbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chenxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mengshan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Youfa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D031337:Mentha spicata / Q000737:chemistry*; D008679:Metaplasia; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010938:Plant Oils; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C046548:fat red 7B; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9