title: Acute alcohol intoxication reduces mortality, inflammatory responses and hepatic injury after haemorrhage and resuscitation in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) induces hepatic injury, strong inflammatory changes and death. Alcohol intoxication is assumed to worsen pathophysiological derangements after H/R. Here, we studied the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on survival, liver injury and inflammation after H/R, in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were given a single oral dose of ethanol (5 g·kg(-1) , 30%) or saline (control), 12 h before they were haemorrhaged for 60 min and resuscitated (H/R). Sham groups received the same procedures without H/R. Measurements were made 2, 24 and 72 h after resuscitation. Survival was assessed 72 h after H/R.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanol increased survival after H/R three-fold and also induced fatty changes in the liver. H/R-induced liver injury was amplified by ethanol at 2 h but inhibited 24 h after H/R. Elevated serum IL-6 levels as well as hepatic IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression 2 h after H/R were reduced by ethanol. Ethanol enhanced serum IL-1β at 2 h, but did not affect increased hepatic IL-1β expression at 72 h after H/R. Local inflammatory markers, hepatic infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression decreased after ethanol compared with saline, following H/R. Ethanol reduced H/R-induced IκBα activation 2 h after H/R, and NF-κB-dependent gene expression of MMP9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol reduced H/R-induced mortality at 72 h, accompanied by a suppression of proinflammatory changes after H/R in ethanol-treated animals. Binge-like ethanol exposure modulated the inflammatory response after H/R, an effect that was associated with NF-κB activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany. info@bornarelja.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Relja
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Höhn
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bormann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seyboth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnert
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009026:Mortality; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012151:Resuscitation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D000431:Ethanol; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9