title: Single-injection percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia with a short needle versus sub-Tenon's anesthesia for cataract extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the efficacy of single-injection percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) with a short needle with sub-Tenon's anesthesia (STA) to produce optimal operating conditions for cataract extraction in patients with complicated cataract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients with complicated cataract were enrolled in this prospective, double-blinded, randomized study. Adequate akinesia was a surgical requisite for all cases included in the study because of the expected difficult surgery. The patients were divided into two equal groups to receive either peribulbar anesthesia (PBA) with a 16-mm needle or sub-Tenon's anesthesia. Surgical akinesia (as a primary end point), analgesia, incidence of complications, as well as patient and surgeon satisfaction (as secondary end points) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both techniques provided similar analgesia during the operation and similar rates of incidence of chemosis with no serious complications; while the PBA group provided higher degree of akinesia 10 minutes after injection of the local anesthetic, a lower incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) and higher patient and surgeon satisfaction compared to the STA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that when globe akinesia is necessary during surgery, the single-injection technique for percutaneous peribulbar anesthesia with a short needle proved to be more suitable than the STA in providing akinesia for cataract surgery. Also, this PBA technique demonstrated a lower incidence of SCH and was preferred to STA by the patients and surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Magrabi Eye & Ear Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Ashraf M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ghali
authors.forename: Abdulkader
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahfouz
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafez