title: Comparison of waste pumpkin material and its potential use in extruded snack foods.
abstract: Material was produced from Crown pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) processed from fractions of the fruit which are regarded as waste stream products (peel, flesh and seed). The flour from the three different fractions (peel, flesh and seed) of Crown pumpkin flour was incorporated into an extruded snack product formulation at levels 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w with corn grit) and processed in a twin-screw extruder to make 10 expanded snack products. Proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutritional value of the raw pumpkin and pumpkin flour. A physical analysis of the product was used to determine its color, the expansion ratio, bulk density and texture. Inclusion of waste stream material (peel and seed) at 10%, yielded extruded products with similar expansion and density characteristics to the control sample; however, an inclusion of greater than 10% yielded significant challenges to product quality (hardness of the product).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Norfezah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hardacre
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D028464:Cucurbita / Q000737:chemistry*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006244:Hardness; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010858:Pigmentation; D011786:Quality Control; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014867:Water