title: Restoration of angiogenesis by enalapril in diabetic hindlimb ischemic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have different effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enalapril on skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diabetic and diabetic hind limb ischemic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 24 male diabetic rats (induced by streptozotocin, 55 mg/kg, ip) divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were diabetic sham (surgical procedure without femoral artery ligation). Groups 3 and 4 were diabetic animals subjected to induced hind limb ischemia. Groups 2 and 4 received enalapril (15 mg/kg/day, i.p) and groups 1 and 3 received an equal volume of saline. After 21 days, capillary density, capillary to fiber (cap/fib) ratio and serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF Receptor-1 (sVEGF-R1) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enalapril significantly increased serum NO and VEGF concentrations and reduced serum sVEGF-R1 concentrations in diabetic sham and hind limb ischemic rats (p<0.05). Administration of enalapril significantly increased capillary density and cap/fib ratio in diabetic sham and hind limb ischemic animals compared with nontreated groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enalapril restores skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diabetic hind limb ischemia and can be considered for the prevention and treatment of peripheral artery disease in diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fallahzadeh
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazaei
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sharifi
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004656:Enalapril; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor