title: Localization of osteopontin and osterix in periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the localization of osteopontin (OPN) and osterix in periodontal tissue during experimental tooth movement with heavy force in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to create a 100 g mesial force to the maxillary first molars. On days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after force application, histological changes in periodontium were examined by immunohistochemistry using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), OPN, and osterix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCNA-positive cells were found close to the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides. OPN-positive cells were observed along the cementing line of the cementum and bone on both sides and also were visible along with newly formed fibers in the periodontal ligament on the tension side. Osterix-positive cells were strongly detected on the surface of the alveolar bone and cementum on both sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During tooth movement, periodontal remodeling occurs on both sides. These results indicate that OPN and osterix may play an important role of differentiation and osteoblasts and cementoblasts matrix formation during periodontal tissue remodeling.
authors.affiliation: a PhD Student, Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Division of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-In
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong-Suk
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jue
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Je-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C495181:Sp7 protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors; D053495:Osteopontin