title: Risk factors associated with retained placenta after cesarean delivery.
abstract: Retained placenta after cesarean delivery (RPAC) is a rare phenomenon that has not been previously studied in detail. The objective of our study was to identify potential risk factors that predispose to the development of this obstetrical complication.
  
  
  
  We performed a retrospective case-control study comparing 20 cases of RPAC with 40 matched controls, using logistic regression models to test likely risk factors.
  
  
  
  RPAC occurred in 0.16% of cesarean deliveries in our population. The crude odds ratio (OR) of RPAC was increased in patients who had preterm delivery (PTD) (OR=9.06, 95% CI: 2.04-40.29), conceived with artificial reproductive technology (ART) (OR=5.03, 95% CI: 1.24-20.40), and carried multiples (OR=18.89, 95% CI: 2.29-151.23). Conversely, for each week of gestation the odds of RPAC decreased by 0.57 (95% CI: 0.40-0.82).
  
  
  
  Earlier gestational age, PTD, use of ART and multiples are associated with increased OR of RPAC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, PA, USA. vmoragia@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Vasiliki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Moragianni
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Aronis
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Craparo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D047928:Premature Birth; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors