title: [Surgical treatment of pulmonary carcinoids - ten-year results].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoids are malignant neuro-endocrine tumours occurring in the bronchopulmonary location in about 25 %, and accounting for approximately 2 % of all pulmonary tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our retrospective analysis included 27  patients, 14  men and 13  women, mean age 58.4  years, treated from 2000 to 2009 for carcinoids in bronchopulmonary locations. The tumour manifested clinically in 52 % of the cases, the most common symptom being cough; one tumour manifested as carcinoid syndrome. All patients underwent fibrobronchoscopy that was positive in 20  cases (74.1 %). Pre-surgery histological diagnoses were made in 13  patients (48.1 %). Chest CT scans were carried out in 26  patients, and the investigation failed to detect the expected pathological process in 2  of the patients. Octreoscans were carried out in 12  patients, and were successful in identifying a primary neuroendocrine tumour in 75 %.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients in the sample underwent rad-ical surgical therapy; the most common surgical procedure was lobectomy (70.4 %). Perioperative morbidity and mortality were zero. Typical carcinoids were found in 20  cases while 7  cases were atypical carcinoids, 20  tumours were located centrally. 74 % of the tumours were consistent with stage  I A disease. Mean follow-up period was 47 (range: 6-134)  months. Local recurrences were observed in 2  patients (7.4 %), but the tumour disseminated in 4  patients (14.8 %). Two patients (7.4 %) died during the follow-up period. Overall five-year survival in the sample was 92.3 %, 90.9 % in the typical carcinoid group and 100 % for atypical carcinoids. We found a statistically significant association between disease-free interval and histological type of the tumour; the risk of progression was 8  times higher in -patients with atypical carcinoids compared to patients with typical carcinoids (Log-Rank-Test: p-value = 0.0049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radical surgical treatment of bronchopulmonary carcinoids is the optimum therapeutic approach that results in the best results both regarding perioperative morbidity and mortality and regarding long-term survival of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Fakultät, Karls-Universität, Universitätskrankenhaus Pilsen, Chirurgische Klinik, Pilsen, Tschechische Republik. vodicka@fnplzen.cz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vodicka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spidlen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klecka
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simanek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Safranek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukensnabl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate