title: Compatible GLRaV-3 viral infections affect berry ripening decreasing sugar accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera.
abstract: Virus infections in grapevine cause important economic losses and affect fruit quality worldwide. Although the phenotypic symptoms associated to viral infections have been described, the molecular plant response triggered by virus infection is still poorly understood in Vitis vinifera. As a first step to understand the fruit changes and mechanisms involved in the compatible grapevine-virus interaction, we analyzed the berry transcriptome in two stages of development in the red wine cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon infected with Grapevine leaf-roll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3). Analysis of global gene expression patterns indicate incomplete berry maturation in infected berries as compared to uninfected fruit suggesting viral infection interrupts the normal berry maturation process. Genes with altered expression in berries harvested from GLRaV-3-infected vines as compared to uninfected tissue include anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism genes. The reduction in transcript accumulation for sugar and anthocyanin metabolism during fruit development is consistent with a dramatic reduction in anthocyanin biosynthesis as well as reduced sugar levels in berries, a hallmark phenotypic change observed in virus infected grapevines. Analysis of key regulatory factors provides a mechanism for the observed gene expression changes. Our results provide insight into commonly observed phenotypic alterations in virus infected vines and the molecular mechanisms associated with the plant response to the virus during berry ripening.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Regulation, Millennium Nucleus Center for Plant Functional Genomics, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peña-Neira
authors.forename: Grant R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arce-Johnson
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D029381:Closteroviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D010940:Plant Proteins