title: Sleep duration and biomarkers of metabolic function among police officers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations between sleep duration and biomarkers of metabolic function among police officers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic markers were measured using standardized methods and sleep duration was assessed from questionnaire data. Mean levels of leptin and adiponectin were assessed across five levels of sleep duration using ANCOVA and linear regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Police officers (n = 443) who reported an average of less than 5 hours and at least 8 hours of sleep had higher levels of leptin compared to those who reported an average of 5 to 7 hours of sleep. These associations were stronger and statistically significant among women, officers with BMI of 24.9 kg/m or less and smaller abdominal height (< 20 cm), and officers who primarily worked on the day shift.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short and long sleep duration were associated with higher leptin levels and may have implications for obesity-related conditions.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lcharles@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Luenda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Ja K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Andrew
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Violanti
authors.forename: Desta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fekedulegn
authors.forename: Cecil M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Burchfiel
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016495:Police; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin