title: First direct fluorescence polarization assay for the detection and quantification of spirolides in mussel samples.
abstract: In 2009, we achieve the first inhibition FP assay to detect imine cyclic toxins. In the present paper we propose a new FP assay for direct quantify spirolides. This new method has resulted in significant improvement of sensitivity, rapidity and accessibility. In the method design, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata membranes labelled with a derivative of fluorescein was used. Spirolides, 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMeC) and 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C (13,19-didesMeC) were extracted and purified from cultures of the Alexandrium ostenfeldii dinoflagellate. Data showed the decrease of FP when toxin concentration was increased. Thus, a relationship between the FP units and the spirolides amount present in a sample was obtained. This direct assay is a reproducible, simple and very sensitive method with a detection limit about 25 nM for 13-desMeC and 150 nM for 13,19-didesMeC. The procedure was used to measure spirolides in mussel samples using an extraction and clean up protocol suitable for the FP assay. Results obtained show that this method is able to quantify 13-desMeC in the range of 50-350 μg kg(-1) meat. Other liposoluble toxins did not interfere with the assay, proving a specific method. Moreover, the matrix do not affect in the range of toxin concentrations that involving risk of spirolides intoxication.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Paz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: Rómulo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aráoz
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molgó
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vieytes
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Botana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000737:chemistry; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization / Q000379:methods*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014101:Torpedo / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C544516:13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C; C517170:13-desmethylspirolide C; D008387:Marine Toxins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D019793:Fluorescein