title: Permeability of the equine embryonic capsule to ethylene glycol and glycerol in vitro.
abstract: Poor survival of cryopreservation by equine expanded blastocysts may involve low penetration of the embryonic capsule by cryoprotective agents (CPAs). This study characterized the permeation and accumulation rates of the CPAs ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GLY) across isolated capsule in vitro, using a dual-chambered Valia-Chien permeation apparatus. Pieces of Days 14 to 18 ± 1 capsules separated media in the "donor" chamber containing either 1.5 M EG (n = 6), 0.74 M EG (n = 5), 0.87 M GLY (n = 7), or 0.15 M NaCl (saline, SAL) (n = 6), from the "recipient" chamber. Concentrations of CPA, determined by gas chromatography, allowed calculation of the capsule's apparent permeability (P(app)) to those CPAs. Permeation of capsule by 1.5 M EG was significantly more rapid than by 0.87 M GLY, or 0.74 M EG; permeation by both CPAs was significantly slower than by SAL. Accumulation of CPA in the recipient chamber depended more on initial donor chamber concentration, rather than type, of CPA. Accumulation rates for CPAs and SAL were linear only when capsule was present, demonstrating that their permeation through capsule was more complex than simple diffusion. Successful cryopreservation of equine expanded blastocysts has been previously linked to lengths of step-wise exposures to CPAs. Based on the present results, we inferred that alternative CPAs, more capable of permeating the capsule, or alternative methods of ensuring CPA entry into the cells, may also be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Onatario, Canada.
authors.forename: S E Gillard
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kingma
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Betteridge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlaf
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gartley
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chenier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006736:Horses / Q000196:embryology*; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol