title: Early influence of the rs4675690 on the neural substrates of sadness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CREB1 has previously been implicated in mood disorders, suicide, and antidepressant response. There is some evidence that the T allele in rs4675690, a single-nucleotide polymorphism near the CREB1 gene, is involved in the modulation of neural responses to negative stimuli. It is not known whether differential brain activity during negative mood state appears early in life in T allele carriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity, during a transient state of sadness, in children homozygous for the T allele or the C allele. This primary emotion was selected given that it is the prevailing mood in major depressive disorder (MDD). Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal changes were measured while subjects viewed blocks of neutral film excerpts and blocks of sad film excerpts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significantly greater BOLD activation in the TT group, compared to the CC group, in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann area [BA 24]), right putamen, right caudate nucleus and left anterior temporal pole (BA 21), when the brain activity associated with the viewing of the emotionally neutral film excerpts was subtracted from that associated with the viewing of the sad film excerpts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A replication study using larger samples may be required for more definitive conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different pattern of regional brain activation found here during transient sadness - in children carrying the T allele, compared to those carrying the C allele - might increase later in life susceptibility to emotional dysregulation and depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition (CERNEC), Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noreau
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.forename: Guy A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beauregard
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000483:Alleles; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; C115163:CREB1 protein, human; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein