title: Determining outcomes, adverse events, and predictors of success after sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary disorders in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of successful treatment of lower urinary tract disorders with sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and the rate of adverse events and reoperations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series of patients who underwent SNS at a single institution was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six patients underwent stage I trial of SNS. Fifty-eight (76%) patients experienced improvement and underwent placement of an implantable pulse generator with a mean follow-up of 23.7 months (SD ± 22.3). Surgical revisions occurred in 14/58 (24%) patients and 15/58 (26%) patients had the device explanted after a mean of 2.8 years (SD ± 1.7). Patients with greater than ten incontinence episodes per day were more likely to have a successful stage I trial compared to those with less than five (OR = 10.3; 95% CI 2.1 to 50.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although SNS is a safe and effective therapy for lower urinary tract disorders, it is associated with a high reoperation rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, 1000 W. Carson St, Torrance, CA 90509, Box 489, USA. tyazdany@obgyn.humc.edu
authors.forename: Tajnoos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yazdany
authors.forename: Narender
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*