title: Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cadmium and nickel stress: the use of the sugar cane vinasse as a potential mitigator.
abstract: Most of the metals released from industrial activity, among them are cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni), inhibit the productivity of cultures and affect microbial metabolism. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd and Ni on cell growth, viability, budding rate and trehalose content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, likely because of adsorption and chelating action. For this purpose, the yeast was grown batch-wise in YED medium supplemented with selected amounts of vinasse and Cd or Ni. The negative effects of Cd and Ni on S. cerevisiae growth and the mitigating one of sugar cane vinasse were quantified by an exponential model. Without vinasse, the addition of increasing levels of Cd and Ni reduced the specific growth rate, whereas in its presence no reduction was observed. Consistently with the well-proved toxicity of both metals, cell viability and budding rate progressively decreased with increasing their concentration, but in the presence of vinasse the situation was remarkably improved. The trehalose content of S. cerevisiae cells followed the same qualitative behavior as cell viability, even though the negative effect of both metals on this parameter was stronger. These results demonstrate the ability of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and Ni.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 16, 05508-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Adalberto Pessoa
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Junior
authors.forename: Thereza Christina Vessoni
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Borghi
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Converti
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005285:Fermentation; D007700:Kinetics; D008965:Molasses; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D031786:Saccharum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014199:Trehalose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations; D002104:Cadmium; D009532:Nickel; D014199:Trehalose