title: Allosteric modulation of caspases.
abstract: Caspases are proteolytic enzymes mainly involved in the induction and execution phases of apoptosis. This type of programmed cell death is an essential regulatory process required to maintain the integrity and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Inappropriate apoptosis is attributed a key role in many human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic damage, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Allosteric modulation of the function of a protein occurs when the regulatory trigger, such as the binding of a small effector or inhibitor molecule, takes place some distance from the protein's active site. In recent years, several caspases have been identified that possess allosteric sites and binding of small molecule to these sites resulted in the modulation of enzyme activities. Regulation of caspase activity by small molecule allosteric modulators is believed to be of great therapeutic importance. In this review we give brief highlights on recent developments in identifying and characterizing natural and synthetic allosteric inhibitors as well as activators of caspases and discuss their potential in drug discovery and protein engineering.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Häcker
authors.forename: Mihiret Tekeste
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sisay
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gütschow
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000818:Animals; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases