title: Effect of industrially produced trans fat on markers of systemic inflammation: evidence from a randomized trial in women.
abstract: Consumption of industrially produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFA) has been positively associated with systemic markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in cross-sectional studies, but results from intervention studies are inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a 16 week double-blind parallel intervention study with the objective to examine the effect of IP-TFA intake on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Fifty-two healthy overweight postmenopausal women (49 completers) were randomly assigned to receive either partially hydrogenated soybean oil (15.7 g/day IP-TFA) or control oil without IP-TFA. After 16 weeks, IP-TFA intake increased baseline-adjusted serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α by 12% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5-20; P = 0.002] more in the IP-TFA group compared with controls. Plasma soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2 were also increased by IP-TFA [155 pg/ml (CI: 63-247); P < 0.001 and 480 pg/ml (CI: 72-887); P = 0.02, respectively]. Serum C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL) 6 and adiponectin and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue mRNA expression of IL6, IL8, TNFα, and adiponectin as well as ceramide content were not affected by IP-TFA, nor was urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2α). In conclusion, this dietary trial indicates that the mechanisms linking dietary IP-TFA to cardiovascular disease may involve activation of the TNFα system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. nathalie@life.ku.dk
authors.forename: Nathalie T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Bendsen
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stender
authors.forename: Pal B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Szecsi
authors.forename: Steen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Lars I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Hellgren
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Steen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Haugaard
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry; D006801:Humans; D006865:Hydrogenation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil