title: Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in reducing the risk for calcium stones.
abstract: The tight control of blood Ca2+ levels within a narrow range is essential for the performance of vital physiologic functions. Muscle contraction, neuronal excitation, and intracellular signaling processes acquisitively require Ca2+. It is the concerted action of intestine, bone, and kidney that controls the Ca2+ balance through the regulation of intestinal absorption, bone (de)mineralization, and renal excretion of Ca2+, respectively. Along the nephron, fine-tuning of blood Ca2+ levels takes place by Ca2+ reabsorption. The calciotropic hormones regulate Ca2+ transport processes, leading to whole-body Ca2+ homeostasis and, importantly, preserving a constant Ca2+ concentration in the blood. Defects in renal Ca2+ handling can lead to hypercalciuria, consecutive kidney stone formation, and obstructive nephropathy. Here we give an overview of the key players involved in normal Ca2+ management and describe the in-depth investigations on a renal hypercalciuric model of disease, the Trpv5 knockout mouse, which naturally displays molecular adaptations that prevent Ca2+ precipitation in the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology (286), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (RUNMC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kirsten Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Renkema
authors.forename: René J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: Joost G J
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hoenderop
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D003460:Crystallization; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D053565:Hypercalciuria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000378:metabolism*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C492240:Trpv5 protein, mouse; D002118:Calcium