title: A brief guided self-help intervention for psychological distress in palliative care patients: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous findings implicated rumination (recurrent dwelling on abstract concerns) in elevated psychological distress in palliative patients. We hypothesised that reducing rumination may be important in addressing psychological distress in palliative care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the prediction that a brief guided self-help technique targeting abstract rumination would reduce psychological distress in palliative patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised controlled trial evaluated 4 weeks of guided self-help that involved patients practising thinking more concretely by recalling specific and vivid memories of when they were completely absorbed in an activity or scene. Participants completed a combination of standardised questionnaires to assess anxiety, depression, and quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Palliative care patients who were reporting clinically significant psychological distress, whilst also physically well enough to take part in the trial were recruited from hospices in Devon and Somerset and randomised to either a treatment condition (n = 19) receiving 4 weeks of guided self-help, or a waiting-list control condition (n = 15) receiving treatment as usual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As predicted, the palliative patients receiving the intervention reported significantly greater reductions in anxiety than the waiting-list controls (F(1,23) = 20.55, p < 0.001, partial η (2) = 0.47). However, no significant effect was found on depression or quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that a brief guided self-help intervention based on concreteness training can be effective in addressing anxiety in palliative care.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. jmg211@exeter.ac.uk
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galfin
authors.forename: Ed R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harlow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards