title: Pharmacogenetic trial of a cannabinoid agonist shows reduced fasting colonic motility in patients with nonconstipated irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cannabinoid receptors are located on cholinergic neurons. Genetic variants that affect endocannabinoid metabolism are associated with colonic transit in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with diarrhea. We compared the effects of dronabinol, a nonselective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor, with those of placebo on colonic motility and sensation in patients with IBS, and examined the effects of IBS subtype and specific genetic variants in cannabinoid mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five individuals with IBS (35 with IBS with constipation, 35 with IBS with diarrhea, and with 5 IBS alternating) were randomly assigned to groups that were given 1 dose of placebo or 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg dronabinol. We assessed left colonic compliance, motility index (MI), tone, and sensation during fasting and after a meal. We analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphisms CNR1 rs806378, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) rs324420, and MGLL rs4881.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, dronabinol decreased fasting proximal left colonic MI compared with placebo (overall P = .05; for 5 mg dronabinol, P = .046), decreased fasting distal left colonic MI (overall P = .08; for 5 mg, P = .13), and increased colonic compliance (P = .058). The effects of dronabinol were greatest in patients with IBS with diarrhea or IBS alternating (proximal colonic MI, overall P = .022; compliance, overall P = .03). Dronabinol did not alter sensation or tone. CNR1 rs806378 (CC vs CT/TT) appeared to affect fasting proximal MI in all patients with IBS (P = .075). Dronabinol affected fasting distal MI in patients, regardless of FAAH rs324420 variant (CA/AA vs CC) (P = .046); the greatest effects were observed among IBS with constipation patients with the FAAH CC variant (P = .045). Dronabinol affected fasting proximal MI in patients with IBS with diarrhea or alternating with the variant FAAH CA/AA (P = .013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with IBS with diarrhea or alternating, dronabinol reduces fasting colonic motility; FAAH and CNR1 variants could influence the effects of this drug on colonic motility.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Banny S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camilleri
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Busciglio
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Szarka
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D063386:Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D013759:Dronabinol; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human