title: Behavior therapy for pediatric trichotillomania: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy and durability of a behavioral therapy (BT) protocol for pediatric TTM compared with a minimal attention control (MAC) condition. It was hypothesized that the BT condition would be superior to MAC at the end of acute treatment, and would also demonstrate durability of gains through the maintenance treatment phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial in which 24 youths were assigned to either a pilot-tested BT protocol, consisting of eight weekly sessions, or to MAC, consisting of three sessions and five telephone calls over 8 weeks. Independent evaluators assessed outcome at pretreatment (week 0) and post-treatment (week 8) for BT and MAC, and again at week 16 for BT patients only. The primary outcome measure was the National Institute of Mental Health Trichotillomania Severity Scale (NIMH-TSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the BT condition, the week 8 mean NIMH-TSS score was significantly lower than that of the MAC condition. The BT condition's mean week 8 score was also significantly lower than their own mean week 0 score, whereas no such reductions were observed for the MAC condition. Upon completion of acute treatment at week 8, the BT group's gains were maintained through an 8-week maintenance treatment phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BT produced a superior outcome compared with a condition that controlled for participation in a pediatric TTM research study, nonspecific therapist contact effects, repeated assessments, and the passage of time. Maintenance of gains after acute BT provides preliminary support for the durability of treatment gains.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Pediatric Trichotillomania; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; R21 MH 61457.
authors.affiliation: Child/Adolescent OCD, Tics, Trichotillomania and Anxiety Group (COTTAGe), Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. marty@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Aubrey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Edson
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ledley
authors.forename: Shawn P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cahill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania; D014256:Trichotillomania / Q000628:therapy*