title: Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a hard coating for stainless surfaces based on silver (Ag)-platinum (Pt) alloys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ag-Pt alloys, which have high degree of biocompatibility, excellent resistance to sterilization conditions, and antibacterial properties to different bacteria, are associated with long-term antibacterial efficiency. Approximately 1.03-µm to 2.34-µm-thick coatings, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, were deposited on stainless surfaces by the simultaneous vaporization of both metals (Ag and Pt) in an inert argon atmosphere. The coating was done by physical vapor deposition. Microorganisms and eukaryotic culture cells were grown on these surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coatings released sufficient Ag ions when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and showed significant antimicrobial potency against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains. At the same time, human gingival fibroblast cells were not adversely affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ag-Pt coatings on load-bearing orthodontic bracket surfaces can provide suitable antimicrobial activity during active orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwang-Sog
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: In-Ho
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kyung-Gu
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyeon-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ki-Heon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Jin-Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; D012834:Silver; D010984:Platinum; D014025:Titanium