title: An evaluation of the ability of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to eliminate the gastrointestinal carrier state of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in colonized children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation in eliminating the gastrointestinal carrier state of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in colonized children, and to evaluate the affect of the probiotic on Lactobacillus spp. counts in the gastrointestinal tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Children (0 to 18 y old) hospitalized at the wards of the children's hospital who were diagnosed with gastrointestinal carrier state of VRE were randomized to group receiving 3 billion colony forming unit of LGG/day or placebo for 21 consecutive days. A total of 61 children completed the study (32 in the treatment group and 29 in the control group). Rectal swabs for VRE and Lactobacillus spp. were collected at baseline, during supplementation at weekly intervals and 1 month after supplementation. Antibiotic supply was controlled throughout the duration of the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference in the number of children colonized with VRE between the groups was observed at 3 weeks (P = 0.002). The VRE carrier state was lost by 20 of 32 participants in the treatment group and 7 of 29 in the control group. We also observed increased gastrointestinal counts of Lactobacillus spp. in children receiving LGG. A statistically significant difference in the occurrence of bacteria was observed from week 1 onwards, whereas in the aspect of growth intensity from week 2 onwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LGG supplementation temporarily eliminates the VRE carrier state and increases gastrointestinal counts of Lactobacillus spp. in children versus placebo.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. patrycja_szachta@o2.pl
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szachta
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ignyś
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cichy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002353:Carrier State; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance