title: Construct validity and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire rising and sitting down in lower-limb amputees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the Questionnaire Rising and Sitting Down (QR&S), a patient-reported measure of activity limitations in rising and sitting down, in lower-limb amputees.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient department of a rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lower-limb amputees (N=171; mean age ± SD, 65±12y; 71% men; 83% vascular cause) participated in the study, 33 of whom also participated in the reliability study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Construct validity was investigated by testing 8 hypotheses: limitations in rising and sitting down according to the QR&S would be: (1) greater in lower-limb amputees who are older, (2) independent of level of amputation, (3) greater in lower-limb amputees with a bilateral amputation, and (4) greater in lower-limb amputees who had rehabilitation treatment in a nursing home. Furthermore, limitations in rising and sitting down will be positively related to activity limitations according to (5) the Locomotor Capabilities Index (LCI), (6) the questions about rising and sitting down in the LCI, (7) the Climbing Stairs Questionnaire, and (8) the Walking Questionnaire. Construct validity was quantified with an independent t test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability was assessed with a 3-week interval and quantified with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement, and smallest detectable difference (SDD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Construct validity (7 of 8 null hypotheses not rejected) and test-retest reliability were good (ICC=.84; 95% confidence interval, .65-.93; standard error of the measurement=6.7%; SDD=18.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QR&S has good construct validity and good test-retest reliability in lower-limb amputees.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Center Leijpark, Libra Zorggroep, Tilburg, the Netherlands. f.delaat@rcleijpark.nl
authors.forename: Fred A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Laat
authors.forename: Gerardus M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rommers
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Geertzen
authors.forename: Leo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000674:Amputees; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires