title: Lifestyle recommendations to reduce the risk of kidney stones.
abstract: Kidney stones are increasingly common in wealthy industrialized countries. The most frequent form (80%) is idiopathic calcium stone disease. Eating habits and lifestyle have a direct effect on the lithogenic urinary risk factors and the pathogenesis of this condition. A diet characterized by a high intake of fluids, fruits, and vegetables; a low consumption of salt and protein; and a balanced intake of calcium, fats, and carbohydrates constitutes an efficacious approach to the prevention and treatment of this illness. A correct body weight, regular exercise, and a reduction in stressful life events are also useful preventive actions.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Subacute Critical Care Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Via A. Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meschi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouvenne
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borghi
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D004326:Drinking; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008019:Life Style; D012307:Risk Factors