title: Long-term systemic myostatin inhibition via liver-targeted gene transfer in golden retriever muscular dystrophy.
abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, X-linked recessive disease affecting 1 in 3,500 newborn boys for which there is no effective treatment or cure. One novel strategy that has therapeutic potential for DMD is inhibition of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass that may also promote fibrosis. Therefore, our goal in this study was to evaluate systemic myostatin inhibition in the golden retriever model of DMD (GRMD). GRMD canines underwent liver-directed gene transfer of a self-complementary adeno-associated virus type 8 vector designed to express a secreted dominant-negative myostatin peptide (n = 4) and were compared with age-matched, untreated GRMD controls (n = 3). Dogs were followed with serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 13 months to assess cross-sectional area and volume of skeletal muscle, then euthanized so that tissue could be harvested for morphological and histological analysis. We found that systemic myostatin inhibition resulted in increased muscle mass in GRMD dogs as assessed by MRI and confirmed at tissue harvest. We also found that hypertrophy of type IIA fibers was largely responsible for the increased muscle mass and that reductions in serum creatine kinase and muscle fibrosis were associated with long-term myostatin inhibition in GRMD. This is the first report describing the effects of long-term, systemic myostatin inhibition in a large-animal model of DMD, and we believe that the simple and effective nature of our liver-directed gene-transfer strategy makes it an ideal candidate for evaluation as a novel therapeutic approach for DMD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bish@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Bish
authors.forename: Meg M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sleeper
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Morine
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Gretchen E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Singletary
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trafny
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogan
authors.forename: Joe N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kornegay
authors.forename: Krista
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandenborne
authors.forename: Glenn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: H Lee
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Sweeney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D055435:Myostatin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003402:Creatine Kinase