title: Metabolic syndrome and physical performance in elderly men: the osteoporotic fractures in men study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and objective measures of physical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study, the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six clinical sites in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five thousand four hundred fifty-seven ambulatory men (mean age 73.6 ± 5.9).
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical performance assessed according to grip strength, narrow walk speed, walking speed, and time to complete five repeated chair stands. Individual scores were converted to quintiles (worst=1 to best=5; unable to complete=0) and summed for an overall score (mean 11.6 ± 4.3, range, 1-20). MetS was defined according to World Health Organization criteria that include evidence of glucose dysregulation (insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, or hyperinsulinemia) and at least two additional characteristics: high blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than one-quarter (26.3%) of participants met criteria for MetS. In separate linear regression models, four of five MetS components were related to performance (P<.001); only high blood pressure was unrelated. Men with MetS had a 1.1-point lower performance score (mean 10.8, 95% confidence interval (CI)=10.6-11.0) than men without MetS (mean 11.9, 95% CI=11.8-12.0) (P<.001), adjusting for age, race, education, and site. With further covariate adjustment, this difference was reduced but remained significant (β=-0.78, P<.001). A graded association was observed between number of MetS components (0, 1, 2, or ≥3) and performance (P for trend <.001). Findings were similar excluding men with diabetes mellitus or obese men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic dysregulation is related to objectively assessed poorer physical performance in relatively healthy older men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. saer@umn.edu
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Everson-Rose
authors.forename: Misti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paudel
authors.forename: Brent C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Tien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dam
authors.forename: Peggy Mannen
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cawthon
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Elsa S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Strotmeyer
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.forename: Marcia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stefanick
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: Kristine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ensrud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology