title: Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory responses in cattle.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is recognized as a cytokine because of its involvement in inflammation-mediated biological defense functions. Although TNF-α is primarily produced by macrophages, it is also produced by other cells, including lymphocytes, Kupffer cells, natural killer cells and adipocytes. While TNF-α has diverse immune system functions, including antitumor activity, antimicrobial activity and mediation of inflammation, it also regulates a number of physiological functions, including appetite, fever, energy metabolism and endocrine activity. Factors such as viruses, parasites, other cytokines, and endotoxins induce TNF-α production. In combination with other cytokines, TNF-α plays a clinically important role in cattle by mediating immune inflammatory responses such as mastitis and endotoxic shock. It has been reported that cytokines such as TNF-α are involved in metabolic disease such as acidosis. On the other hand, several data suggest that lactoferrin (LF) acts to prevent the release of a number of inflammatory mediators from various activated cells, and further suggest that the prophylactic effect of LF involves inhibition of cytokine production, including TNF-α, that are principal mediators of the inflammatory response leading to death from toxic shock. This review discusses the role of TNF-α in pathological conditions in cattle, including infections and metabolic diseases caused by perturbation of metabolism and endocrine functions.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan. mendoza@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kushibiki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha