title: Application of GM crops in Sub-Saharan Africa: lessons learned from Green Revolution.
abstract: While the Green Revolution has been successful in some regions like South and East Asia, it could hardly address any achievement in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This paper tries to draw a picture on lessons learned from the failures of this revolution that should be taken into account before implementing the so-called Gene Revolution in the SSA region. After scrutinizing the failures and the pros and cons of GM crops in the region, the paper introduces some potentials for improving the malnutrition situation in SSA through launching a successful GM technology. However, it remains doubtful whether this technology can improve the situation of small-scale farmers as long as they receive no financial support from their national governments. Therefore, before any intervention, the socio-economic and environmental impacts of GM technology need to be carefully addressed in the framework of a series of risk assessment studies. Besides, some sort of multi-stakeholder dialog (from small-scale farmers to consumers) involving public-private sector and non-governmental organizations should be heated up at both national and regional levels with regard to the myths and truths of this technology.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sjoerd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bazuin
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azadi
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Witlox
mesh_terms: D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors