title: Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation Combined with Guidewire-Assisted Precut Papillotomy for the Treatment of Choledocholithiasis in Patients with Billroth II Gastrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic extraction of bile duct stones is difficult and often complicated in patients with a Billroth II gastrectomy. We evaluated a simpler technique to achieve an adequate ampullary opening for the removal of choledocholithiasis using endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) combined with a guidewire-assisted needle-knife papillotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients who had a Billroth II gastrectomy were included in this study. Following placement of the guidewire in the bile duct, a precut incision was made over the guidewire with a needle knife sphincterotome inserted alongside the guidewire. Balloon dilation of the ampullary orifice was gradually performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Needle knife papillotomy over the guidewire with subsequent EPLBD was successful in all patients. Complete stone removal was achieved in 15 (93.7%) patients in 1 session. However, 1 (6.3%) patient required mechanical lithotripsy with an additional procedure for complete ductal clearance, and there was 1 case of minor bleeding following the EPLBD. There were no cases of pancreatitis or perforation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPLBD followed by guidewire-assisted needle-knife papillotomy appears to be a useful method with few technical difficulties and a low risk of complications for the removal of bile duct stones in patients with prior Billroth II gastrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Nyeun
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Si Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee