title: Efficacy of iontophoresis with glycopyrronium bromide for treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited data on the efficacy of iontophoretic treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis using glycopyrronium bromide. The first line treatment for primary palmar hyperhidrosis is usually topical aluminium chloride, but clinical experience indicates that it is not effective for more severe disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of using glycopyrronium bromide iontophoresis in the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis, and to evaluate if the benefit of treatment varies with the severity of disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an open-label study involving patients undergoing weekly treatment of iontophoresis with glycopyrronium bromide for 4 weeks. Gravimetric measurements of sweat production and subjective scores of palmar sweatiness were recorded prior to starting treatment and 1 week after the last treatment. Side-effects were monitored weekly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty two of the 25 patients recruited completed the 4-week treatment. There was a significant mean improvement of 23.4 mg/min (P = 0.001) between baseline and post-treatment gravimetric measurements. Patients with a higher baseline sweat output demonstrated a trend towards a greater reduction in sweat production (Pearson's correlation correlation coefficient, r = 0.41). The patients experienced dryness of the palms for a mean duration of 5 days after iontophoresis. All patients reported an improvement in satisfaction scores and 81.8% reported an improvement in subjective severity scores. No serious side-effects were encountered during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iontophoresis using glycopyrronium bromide is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. The possibility of its greater benefit in patients with more severe baseline disease requires verification.
authors.affiliation: National Skin Centre, Singapore University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication, Philadelphia, PA, USA. hychia@nsc.gov.sg
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: A S L
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tey
mesh_terms: D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006024:Glycopyrrolate