title: Left ventricular systolic function in a Nigerian pre-dialysis patient population with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates left ventricularsystolic function (LVSF) and factors affecting it in CKD patients at first presentation, using two dimensional echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive patients with CKD who were presenting to the medical outpatient and renal clinics of university of Nigeria teaching hospital, Enugu for the first time, who satisfied the study criteria were screened. Eighty six patients completed the study. Forty-eight sex matched hypertensive patients with normal renal function and forty-six age and sex matched subjects (with normal blood pressure and renal function) were selected as controls. Clinical and laboratory parameters and echocardiographic indices were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) was present in 13 (15.1%) of CKD patients and 4 (8.3%) of hypertensive patients (p < 0.001). The mean fractional shortening in CKD patients (35.1 +/- 10.4%) was significantly lower than the hypertensive patients (40.1 +/- 9.8), p = 0.008. Positive correlation was found between fractional shortening (FS) and estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin level, CKD stage, diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin and systolic blood pressure.(r = 0.281, P < 0.001; r = 0.277, p < 0.001; r = 0.270, p = < 0.001; r = 0.237; P = 0.001; r = 0.230, p = 0.002; and r = 0.199, p = 0.007) respectively. Left ventricular mass index and mean arterial blood pressure, correlated negatively with LV systolic function (r = -0.315, P < 0.001; and r = -0.223, P Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that of all the factors that correlated with LVSF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that LVSF is impaired in a significant number of our CKD patients at presentation.
authors.affiliation: Renal unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. arodiwenephrol@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Arodiwe
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Ulasi
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ijoma
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003956:Dialysis; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult