title: Orais and STIMs: physiological mechanisms and disease.
abstract: The stromal interaction molecules STIM1 and STIM2 are Ca(2+)  sensors, mostly located in the endoplasmic reticulum, that detect changes in the intraluminal Ca(2+)  concentration and communicate this information to plasma membrane store-operated channels, including members of the Orai family, thus mediating store-operated Ca(2+)  entry (SOCE). Orai and STIM proteins are almost ubiquitously expressed in human cells, where SOCE has been reported to play a relevant functional role. The phenotype of patients bearing mutations in STIM and Orai proteins, together with models of STIM or Orai deficiency in mice, as well as other organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, have provided compelling evidence on the relevant role of these proteins in cellular physiology and pathology. Orai1-deficient patients suffer from severe immunodeficiency, congenital myopathy, chronic pulmonary disease, anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia and defective dental enamel calcification. STIM1-deficient patients showed similar abnormalities, as well as autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the current evidence that identifies and explains diseases induced by disturbances in SOCE due to deficiencies or mutations in Orai and STIM proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berna-Erro
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rosado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000276:immunology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000071740:ORAI1 Protein; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; D000071738:Stromal Interaction Molecule 2
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000071740:ORAI1 Protein; C510746:ORAI1 protein, human; C103530:STIM1 protein, human; C513279:STIM2 protein, human; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; D000071738:Stromal Interaction Molecule 2; D002118:Calcium