title: Histological and radiological changes in cranial bone in the presence of bone wax.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the amount of bone formation in the calvarial region of Wistar rats after craniotomy using bone wax as a haemostatic agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery to produce bilateral, symmetric, full-thickness cranial defects (area: 18 mm(2)) was performed in eight animals. The right side of the cranium remained open and the edges of the left side osseous defect was covered with bone wax. Calvaria were imaged immediately after surgery and 12 weeks postoperatively by computerized tomography. The areas of the bone defects were measured in three-dimensional images using Magics 13.0 (Materialise-Belgic, software CAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average amount of bone formation on the left and right side respectively was 4.85 mm(2) and 8.16 mm(2). Statistically significant differences between the amount of bone formation on the left and right sides were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone wax significantly diminishes the rate of bone formation in calvarial defects in a rat model.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Craniofacial and Plastic Surgery, Campinas, SP, Brazil. sobrapar@sobrapar.org.br
authors.forename: Cassio Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Raposo-Amaral
authors.forename: Ana Beatriz Albino de
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paschoal
authors.forename: Daniela Franco
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vulcano
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Passos-Bueno
authors.forename: Nivaldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002508:Cephalometry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010168:Palmitates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010784:Photomicrography; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014885:Waxes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D010168:Palmitates; D014885:Waxes; C055480:bone wax