title: Diverse cytokine profile from mesenteric lymph node cells of cull cows severely affected with Johne's disease.
abstract: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease, is able to dampen or distort immune responses at the mucosal sites and coexist with a massive infiltration of immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Knowledge of the mechanism by which M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis subverts the immune response at the mucosal level in cattle is important for the development of improved disease control strategies, including new vaccines and diagnostic tests. In this study, 38 cull cows from herds infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were divided into four groups, based on M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis culture from gut tissues and histopathological lesion scores. Cytokine gene expression and secretion from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sonicate-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cultures of the animals were compared. Antigen stimulation of MLN cells from the severely lesioned group resulted in significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of five cytokines, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-13, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which have a diverse range of functions, while there was no significant upregulation of these cytokines by the other groups. There were major differences between the responses of the PBMC and MLN cultures, with higher levels of secreted IFN-γ released from the MLN cultures and, conversely, higher levels of IL-10 released from the PBMC cultures. The upregulation of all five cytokines from cells at the site of infection in the severely lesioned animals suggested a dysregulated immune response, contributing to a failure to clear infection in this group of animals.
authors.affiliation: AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. dairu.shu@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: Dairu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Supatsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subharat
authors.forename: D Neil
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Wedlock
authors.forename: Dongwen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: de Lisle
authors.forename: Bryce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Buddle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007080:Ileocecal Valve / Q000473:pathology; D007082:Ileum / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008643:Mesentery / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines