title: A validated model of serum anti-müllerian hormone from conception to menopause.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a product of growing ovarian follicles. The concentration of AMH in blood may also reflect the non-growing follicle (NGF) population, i.e. the ovarian reserve, and be of value in predicting reproductive lifespan. A full description of AMH production up to the menopause has not been previously reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By searching the published literature for AMH concentrations in healthy pre-menopausal females, and using our own data (combined n = 3,260) we have generated and robustly validated the first model of AMH concentration from conception to menopause. This model shows that 34% of the variation in AMH is due to age alone. We have shown that AMH peaks at age 24.5 years, followed by a decline to the menopause. We have also shown that there is a neonatal peak and a potential pre-pubertal peak. Our model allows us to generate normative data at all ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight key inflection points in ovarian follicle dynamics. This first validated model of circulating AMH in healthy females describes a transition period in early adulthood, after which AMH reflects the progressive loss of the NGF pool. The existence of a neonatal increase in gonadal activity is confirmed for females. An improved understanding of the relationship between circulating AMH and age will lead to more accurate assessment of ovarian reserve for the individual woman.
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: W Hamish B
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018401:Sample Size; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone