title: Effect of liquid retentate storage on flavor of spray-dried whey protein concentrate and isolate.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of holding time of liquid retentate on flavor of spray-dried whey proteins: Cheddar whey protein isolate (WPI) and Mozzarella 80% whey protein concentrate (WPC80). Liquid WPC80 and WPI retentate were manufactured and stored at 3°C. After 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48h, the product was spray-dried (2kg) and the remaining retentate held until the next time point. The design was replicated twice for each product. Powders were stored at 21°C and evaluated every 4 mo throughout 12 mo of storage. Flavor profiles of rehydrated proteins were documented by descriptive sensory analysis. Volatile components were analyzed with solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Cardboard flavors increased in both spray-dried products with increased retentate storage time and cabbage flavors increased in WPI. Concurrent with sensory results, lipid oxidation products (hexanal, heptanal, octanal) and sulfur degradation products (dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide) increased in spray-dried products with increased liquid retentate storage time, whereas diacetyl decreased. Shelf stability was decreased in spray-dried products from longer retentate storage times. For maximum quality and shelf life, liquid retentate should be held for less than 12h before spray drying.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitson
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Miracle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese / Q000592:standards; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000592:standards; D005511:Food Handling; D061353:Food Storage / Q000379:methods*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013649:Taste; D013997:Time Factors; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins