title: ANGUSTIFOLIA, a plant homolog of CtBP/BARS, functions outside the nucleus.
abstract: CtBP/BARS is a unique protein family in having quite diversified cellular functions, intercellular localizations, and developmental roles. ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) is the sole homolog of CtBP/BARS from Arabidopsis thaliana, although it has plant AN-specific motifs and a long C-terminus. Previous studies suggested that AN would function in the nucleus as a transcriptional co-repressor, as CtBPs function in animals; however, precise verification has been lacking. In this paper, we isolated a homologous gene (MAN) of AN from liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Transformation of the Arabidopsis an-1 mutant with 35S-driven MAN completely complemented the an-1 phenotype, although it lacks the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) that exists in AN proteins isolated from other plant species. We constructed several plasmids for expressing modified ANs with amino acid substitutions in known motifs. The results clearly indicated that modified AN with mutations in the putative NLS-like domain could complement the an-1 phenotype. Therefore, we re-examined localization of AN using several techniques. Our results demonstrated that AN localizes on punctuate structures around the Golgi, partially overlapping with a trans-Golgi network resident, which highlighted an unexpected link between leaf development and membrane trafficking. We should reconsider the roles and evolutionary traits of AN based on these findings.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minamisawa
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kiu-Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takechi
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: Katsuyuki T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyooka
authors.forename: Gyung-Tae
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gorou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukaya
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047008:Marchantia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018519:Meristem / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D018749:RNA, Plant; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C452846:DETORQEO protein, Arabidopsis