title: Implant-guided vertical bone growth in the mini-pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To attain and describe guided vertical bone regeneration around titanium (Ti) and titanium zirconium (Ti-Zr) dental implants utilizing non-glycosylated recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (ng/rhBMP-2), biomaterial scaffolds and a scaffold retainer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two modified Straumann TE implants were partially embedded in the mandibles of eight adult mini-pigs. Pre-shaped resorbable scaffolds were placed around the implant and shielded and stabilized with a newly developed Ti custom scaffold retainer (umbrella) or wide-neck (WN) healing caps to stabilize the scaffold. Ng/rhBMP-2 (50 μg) was applied to the supracrestal portion of the implant or incorporated within the scaffold. At 9 weeks, soft tissue healing was assessed. Vertical bone regeneration outcomes including bone height, bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone volume were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soft tissue healing at the test sites (+ng/rhBMP-2/+scaffold) appeared to be substantially better than the control sites (-ng/rhBMP-2/-scaffold). Bone height, BIC percentage and bone volume were all similar regardless of whether WN healing caps or umbrella scaffold stabilization was used for all biomaterial scaffolds tested. WN healing cap test sites showed greater new bone height and BIC as compared with aggregate data from the control sites (P=0.05). Comparison of aggregate data from the umbrella test sites showed greater BIC and new bone volume as compared with aggregate data from the control sites(P=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical bone regeneration was successfully attained utilizing ng/rhBMP-2, biomaterial scaffolds and a scaffold retainer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freilich
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shafer
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schleier
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dard
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pendrys
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Center for Biomaterials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USADepartment of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USAOralfacial Surgery Section, Clinic for Special Medicine, Stavanger, NorwayInstitut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D014945:Wound Healing; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D015921:Dental Implants; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium