title: Effect of occupational manganese exposure on uric Acid levels in human urine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of long-term and low-level occupational Mn exposure on the level of uric acid (UA) in human urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 65 volunteers were recruited, who were working on welding and foundry work in an plant in Gansu province, China. Additionally, 29 control samples were collected from individuals who did not have any history of excessive Mn exposure. An improved high performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed to determine the UA level in human urine. A Spectra AA 220 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure the Mn level in the urine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analytical method was validated for concentrations ranging from 3.82-45.84 μg/mL with acceptable accuracy, precision, and recovery. Overall, the UA levels of Mn exposure samples were significantly lower than that of control samples (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The practical method developed here is suitable for both routine monitoring of UA level in human urine and metabolism research. Long-term and low-level occupational Mn exposure may lead to a lower UA level in urine, and UA might be an indicator of the early stage of manganism.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
authors.forename: XiaoMing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: YeWei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: ZhenQuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: HongBing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: DuoLong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DI
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D008345:Manganese