title: Prevention and treatment for the rare complications of arthroscopic surgery in the temporomandibular joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the rare complications of arthroscopic surgeries in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to investigate the preventive and treating methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 2,034 consecutive patients (2,431 joints), diagnosed as TMJ internal derangement, were treated by arthroscopic surgeries when visiting the TMJ clinic at the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, between May 2001 and September 2009. The clinical complications were analyzed to investigate cause, prevention, and control measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all 2,034 cases, the complications were shown as follows: 5 joint hemorrhages of the lateral pterygoid muscle vascular, injuries of the lateral pterygoid muscle nerve in 5 joints, 3 joints with broken instruments, rejection reaction in 2 joints, and perforation of tympanic membrane in 2 joints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic surgery was a safe and effective method to treat TMJ internal derangement; its complications were limited and acceptable, but an experienced operator was required for this surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: ShanYong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xieyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: XiuMing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: QianYang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Majd S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: ZhuoZhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020679:Arthroscopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006395:Hemarthrosis / Q000209:etiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000293:injuries / Q000294:innervation; D013537:Sutures / Q000009:adverse effects; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult