title: Tylosema esculentum extractives and their bioactivity.
abstract: The investigation of Tylosema esculentum (Morama) husks, cotyledons, and tuber yielded griffonilide 2, compound 1, griffonin 3, gallic acid 4, protocatechuic acid 5, β-sitosterol 6, behenic acid 7, oleic acid 8, sucrose 9, 2-O-ethyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 10, kaempferol 11 and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 12. The structures of the isolates were determined by NMR, HR-TOF EIMS, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, and by comparison with literature data. The husk EtOAc and n-butanol extracts demonstrated >90% DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentrations of 25, 50 and 250 μg/mL. Furthermore the husk extracts showed higher total phenolic content (233 mg GAE/g). The extractives exhibited minimum inhibitory quantities of 50-100 μg or no activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The tuber extracts were inactive against Caco-2 and Hela cell lines, while the husk extracts showed low activity against Caco-2 and Vero cell line with IC(50) values >400 μg/mL. The GC-MS analysis showed the beans and tuber non-polar (n-hexane) extracts major constituents as fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
authors.forename: Ofentse
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mazimba
authors.forename: Runner R T
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Majinda
authors.forename: Ceciliah
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Modibedi
authors.forename: Ishmael B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Masesane
authors.forename: Avrelija
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cencič
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chingwaru
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts