title: Evaluation of changes in trabecular alveolar bone during growth using conventional panoramic radiographs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess changes of the alveolar trabecular bone during growth using panoramic radiographs and to detect possible differences in trabecular bone patterns when comparing individuals of various ages and genders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional panoramic radiographs of 18 young (eight females, 10 males) and 21 adult (12 females, nine males) subjects were taken at 2 years (T1) and 10 years (T2) after the end of orthodontic treatment. At T1, mean ages were 15.6 ± 0.9 years and 31.3 ± 9.7 years in the young and the adult groups, respectively. A three-scale visual analysis was used to evaluate bilaterally the alveolar bone trabeculation in the interdental spaces, from the distal side of the first mandibular premolar to the mesial side of the second lower molar. An analysis of variance (ANOVA), associated with t-tests whenever significance was found, was used to appraise the role of the age, the extent of the follow-up period and the gender on trabecular bone structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adult group had a denser alveolar bone trabeculation, compared to the young group. This was also observed in the 8 years follow-up recordings among the adults, but no statistically significant differences were found in the growing individuals. No gender discrepancy was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From puberty to the middle age adulthood, denser alveolar bone trabeculation in the mandible seems to be related to the age. No differences were found between male and female subjects in the sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. diane.pham@unige.ch
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiliaridis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic