title: Factors affecting growth in infants with single ventricle physiology: a report from the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe growth patterns in infants with single ventricle physiology and determine factors influencing growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 230 subjects enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network Infant Single Ventricle Enalapril Trial were used to assess factors influencing change in weight-for-age z-score (z) from study enrollment (0.7 ± 0.4 months) to pre-superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC; 5.1 ± 1.8 months, period 1) and pre-SCPC to final study visit (14.1 ± 0.9 months, period 2). Predictor variables included patient characteristics, feeding regimen, clinical center, and medical factors during neonatal (period 1) and SCPC hospitalizations (period 2). Univariate regression analysis was performed, followed by backward stepwise regression and bootstrapping reliability to inform a final multivariable model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weights were available for 197 of 230 subjects for period 1 and 173 of 197 subjects for period 2. For period 1, greater gestational age, younger age at study enrollment, tube feeding at neonatal hospitalization discharge, and clinical center were associated with a greater negative z (poorer growth) in multivariable modeling (adjusted R(2) = 0.39, P < .001). For period 2, younger age at SCPC and greater daily caloric intake were associated with greater positive z (better growth; R(2) = 0.10, P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggressive nutritional support and earlier SCPC are modifiable factors associated with a favorable change in weight-for-age z-score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. richard.williams@imail.org
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zak
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ravishankar
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Altmann
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Atz
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunbar-Masterson
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghanayem
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lurito
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Medoff-Cooper
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margossian
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Pemberton
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stylianou
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril