title: Unraveling the ties between celiac disease and intestinal microbiota.
abstract: Celiac disease is a multifactorial disorder that involves interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Gluten proteins are responsible for the symptoms of celiac disease, but other environmental factors that influence the intestinal ecosystem, including the milk-feeding type and gastrointestinal infections, may also play a role. Moreover, intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by increased Gram-negative bacteria and reduced bifidobacteria, has been detected in celiac disease patients. This review summarizes current knowledge of the associations between the intestinal microbiota and celiac disease and its possible modes of action in pathogenesis. Deeper understanding of these interactions can help redefine how this disorder is investigated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain. yolsanz@iata.csic.es
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Pama
authors.forename: Moisés
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laparra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis / Q000276:immunology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004035:Diet Therapy; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D054892:Metagenome / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence