title: Effect of silymarin on curcumin-induced mortality in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae.
abstract: In presence of 7.5 microM of curcumin, no embryos or larva of zebrafish survived 3 days of incubation; however, coincubation with 144 microg/ml silymarin increased the survival rates of curcumin-treated embryos and larvae to about 70%. Moreover, in presence of 12.5 microM curcumin, all embryos died after 2 days of incubation; however, co-treatment with 144 microg/ml silymarin increased the survival rates of curcumin-treated embryos and larvae up to 60 and 50%, respectively. This protective effect was not found in the other phenolic compounds viz., ferulic acid, naringin, or crocin, tested. Finally, using a fluorescence microscope, accumulation of less curcumin has observed in the edema sac area of the larvae co-treated with curcumin and silymarin than in the larvae treated with curcumin only. The result suggests that the protective effects of silymarin may be due to a decreased accumulation of curcumin in the fish body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Beauty Science, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Rong-Jen
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shiau
authors.forename: Pei-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yu-Der
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003474:Curcumin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; D012838:Silymarin; D003474:Curcumin