title: A first insight on the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex as studied by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTRs in Bogotá, Colombia.
abstract: With an incidence of 25.6/100,000 in 2008, tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem in Colombia. In this study, a total of 152 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated in Bogotá, Colombia between years 1995 and 2007 were genotyped by spoligotyping and 12-loci MIRU-VNTRs. The various spoligotyping-based genotypic lineages in our sample were: Latin American & Mediterranean (LAM) n=75, 49.34%; Haarlem, n=38, 25.0%; ill-defined T group, n=21, 13.82%; S family, n=5, 3.29%; X clade, n=2, 1.32%; Beijing, n=1, 0.65%, while strains with unknown signatures (n=10) represented 6.58% of isolates. Using spoligotyping as a first molecular marker and MIRU-VNTRs as second marker, we obtained 102 single patterns and 14 clustered patterns (n=52 strains from 49 patients, 2-8 strains per cluster). The MIRU-VNTRs patterns corresponded to 50 MITs for 109 strains and 43 orphan patterns. The most frequent patterns were MIT190 (n=12), MIT45 (n=10), and MIT25 (n=9). The Hunter & Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) of both methodologies used together showed a value of 0.992. In our setting, the HGDI of five loci subset (MIRU10, 16, 23, 26 and 40) contributed most to the discriminatory power of 12-loci format used (HGDI=0.977). The lineage distribution of M. tuberculosis showed that more than 3/4 of strains in Bogotá are commonly found in Latin America, Caribbean, and Europe. This observation might reflect the shared post-Columbus history of Colombia and its Latin-American neighbors as well as strains brought in by 20th century immigrants from Europe. We also demonstrate the usefulness of MIRU-VNTR to detect suspected links among patients and polyclonal infections.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cerezo
authors.forename: Yesica
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Johana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zozio
authors.forename: Martha I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Murcia
authors.forename: Nalin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rastogi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial