title: A comparative study of the effects of three root-end filling materials on proliferation and adherence of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present in vitro study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and comparing the cytotoxic effects of three root-end filling materials, ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Memphis, TN), MTA Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), and a modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Super-EBA; Bosworth Co, Skokie, IL) on human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDL cells were cultured in an mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)- or a Super-EBA-conditioned medium to assess the viability as determined by the trypan blue exclusion assay. The proliferation of the cells was recorded, and the cellular morphology was observed by confocal microscopy. Moreover, PDL cell aggregates were cultured on the substrate surfaces to assess cell adhesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ProRoot MTA was found to be the most biocompatible material, whereas Super-EBA was found to be the most cytotoxic material because it significantly inhibited the cell growth and adherence on its. In the presence of ProRoot MTA, the PDL cell proliferation was almost unaltered. MTA Angelus was found to be more cytotoxic than ProRoot MTA, offering, however, excellent scaffold properties for the adhesion of cell aggregates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of the present study, it seems that commercially available forms of MTA may behave in different ways regarding their proliferative effect on human PDL fibroblasts. ProRoot MTA appears to be the most biocompatible of the three tested materials when considering use for root-end endodontic microsurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.forename: Yvanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sarri
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stravopodis
authors.forename: Giorgos N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Tzanetakis
authors.forename: Evangelos G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kontakiotis
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anastasiadou
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014343:Trypan Blue; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C084074:Super EBA; D014343:Trypan Blue