title: Identification of changes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds proteome in response to anti-trx s gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thioredoxin h (trx h) is closely related to germination of cereal seeds. The cDNA sequences of the thioredoxin s (trx s) gene from Phalaris coerulescens and the thioredoxin h (trx h) gene from wheat are highly homologous, and their expression products have similar biological functions. Transgenic wheat had been formed after the antisense trx s was transferred into wheat, and it had been certified that the expression of trx h decreased in transgenic wheat, and transgenic wheat has high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through analyzing the differential proteome of wheat seeds between transgenic wheat and wild type wheat, the mechanism of transgenic wheat seeds having high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting was studied in the present work. There were 36 differential proteins which had been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). All these differential proteins are involved in regulation of carbohydrates, esters, nucleic acid, proteins and energy metabolism, and biological stress. The quantitative real time PCR results of some differential proteins, such as trx h, heat shock protein 70, α-amylase, β-amylase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, 14-3-3 protein, S3-RNase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and WRKY transcription factor 6, represented good correlation between transcripts and proteins. The biological functions of many differential proteins are consistent with the proposed role of trx h in wheat seeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A possible model for the role of trx h in wheat seeds germination was proposed in this paper. These results will not only play an important role in clarifying the mechanism that transgenic wheat has high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, but also provide further evidence for the role of trx h in germination of wheat seeds.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongxiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiangping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D018525:Germination / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013879:Thioredoxins