title: Spatial regulation of the mTORC1 system in amino acids sensing pathway.
abstract: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates numerous cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle, and autophagy. mTOR forms two different multi-protein complexes referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, and each complex exerts distinct functions exclusively. mTORC1 activity is sensitive to the selective inhibitor rapamycin, whereas mTORC2 is resistant. mTORC1 is regulated by many intra- and extra-cellular cues such as growth factors, nutrients, and energy-sensing signals, while mTORC2 senses ribosome maturation and growth factor signaling. This review focuses on current understandings by which mTORC1 pathway senses cellular nutrient availability for its activation.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoki
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D008954:Models, Biological; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076205:Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011506:Proteins; C490211:RHEB protein, human; D000076205:Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain Protein; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins