title: Effect of three indigenous food stains on resin-based, microhybrid-, and nanocomposites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of three indigenous food stains (tea, tobacco, turmeric) on a nanocomposite (Ceram-X-Mono, Dentsply DeTery, Konstanz, Germany), a microhybrid posterior (P60, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and a universal microhybrid (Z100, 3M ESPE) resin-based composite (RBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six disk-shaped specimens were fabricated (10 × 2 mm) for each type of RBC material, using a polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) sheet. Specimens from each group were randomly distributed into three subgroups for each of the used stains. The baseline color values were measured using a spectrophotometer. The specimens were immersed in the staining solutions for a period of 3 hours per day for 15 days (3 hours/day × 15 days). Following this, the color change value (ΔE) was calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the tested groups showed a clinically perceptible color change (ΔE values = 3.3 or >3.3), except for tea-stained P60 (ΔE = 3.15) and Z100 (ΔE = 1.63) groups. Turmeric caused the most significant color change for all the tested RBCs. The least amount of color change was observed with the Z100 (tea, ΔE = 1.63; tobacco, ΔE = 13.59; turmeric, ΔE = 38.77) group that was statistically significant from P60 (tea, ΔE = 3.15; tobacco, ΔE = 18.83; turmeric, ΔE = 57.72), and Ceram-X-Mono (tea, ΔE = 3.32; tobacco, ΔE = 18.83; turmeric, ΔE = 53.95) groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. nmalhotra81@gmail.com
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Revathi P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Shashirashmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Shreemathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayya
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D030024:Curcuma; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008422:Materials Testing; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013662:Tea; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014026:Nicotiana; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C520091:CeramX; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C438835:Filtek P60 Composite Resin; D013662:Tea; C083568:Z100 composite resin; D014867:Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium