title: Hydrophobic microspheres for in situ removal of 2-phenylethanol from yeast fermentation.
abstract: The commercial production of the fragrance compound 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) from phenylalanine by yeast is limited by the accumulation of the toxic product, and therefore, in situ product removal techniques are required. We describe the use of hydrophobic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres of narrow size distribution of 1.53 ± 0.10 µm diameter for continuous removal of 2-PE from the fermentation medium by a mechanism of swelling. In shake flask experiments with conditions simulating 2-PE stress, a 10-fold increase in productivity was measured for systems containing >10% (w/v) microspheres. A 1 L fed-batch fermentation with 8% (w/v) of PMMA microspheres resulted in a total 2-PE concentration of 7.05 g/L, from which 5.40 g/L was incorporated inside the resin, implying 76% encapsulation. This ratio of 0.07 g/g of product per resin is among the highest reported to date. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a concomitant increase in sphere diameter confirming that swelling occurred.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
authors.forename: Yigal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Achmon
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldshtein
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Margel
authors.forename: Ayelet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol