title: Genome-wide in silico identification of new conserved and functional retinoic acid receptor response elements (direct repeats separated by 5 bp).
abstract: The nuclear retinoic acid receptors interact with specific retinoic acid (RA) response elements (RAREs) located in the promoters of target genes to orchestrate transcriptional networks involved in cell growth and differentiation. Here we describe a genome-wide in silico analysis of consensus DR5 RAREs based on the recurrent RGKTSA motifs. More than 15,000 DR5 RAREs were identified and analyzed for their localization and conservation in vertebrates. We selected 138 elements located ±10 kb from transcription start sites and gene ends and conserved across more than 6 species. We also validated the functionality of these RAREs by analyzing their ability to bind retinoic acid receptors (ChIP sequencing experiments) as well as the RA regulation of the corresponding genes (RNA sequencing and quantitative real time PCR experiments). Such a strategy provided a global set of high confidence RAREs expanding the known experimentally validated RAREs repertoire associated to a series of new genes involved in cell signaling, development, and tumor suppression. Finally, the present work provides a valuable knowledge base for the analysis of a wider range of RA-target genes in different species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Université de Strasbourg, F_67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalevée
authors.forename: Yannick N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Anno
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatagnon
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samarut
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poch
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laudet
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lecompte
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rochette-Egly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin