title: Stage-specific germ-cell marker genes are expressed in all mouse pluripotent cell types and emerge early during induced pluripotency.
abstract: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) generated from the in-vitro culture of blastocyst stage embryos are known as equivalent to blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) in-vivo. Though several reports have shown the expression of germ cell/pre-meiotic (GC/PrM) markers in ESCs, their functional relevance for the pluripotency and germ line commitment are largely unknown. In the present study, we used mouse as a model system and systematically analyzed the RNA and protein expression of GC/PrM markers in ESCs and found them to be comparable to the expression of cultured pluripotent cells originated from the germ line. Further, siRNA knockdown experiments have demonstrated the parallel maintenance and independence of pluripotent and GC/PrM networks in ESCs. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we observed that pluripotent cells exhibit active chromatin states at GC marker genes and a bivalent chromatin structure at PrM marker genes. Moreover, gene expression analysis during the time course of iPS cells generation revealed that the expression of GC markers precedes pluripotency markers. Collectively, through our observations we hypothesize that the chromatin state and the expression of GC/PrM markers might indicate molecular parallels between in-vivo germ cell specification and pluripotent stem cell generation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Xingbo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: D V Krishna
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Pantakani
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lührig
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khromov
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dressel
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zechner
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002843:Chromatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger