title: Rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch configurations of runners with symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare rearfoot alignment and medial longitudinal arch index during static postures in runners, with and without symptoms and histories of plantar fasciitis (PF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PF is the third most common injury in runners but, so far, its etiology remains unclear. In the literature, rearfoot misalignment and conformations of the longitudinal plantar arch have been described as risk factors for the development of PF. However, in most of the investigated literature, the results are still controversial, mainly regarding athletic individuals and the effects of pain associated with these injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five runners with plantar fasciitis (30 symptomatic and 15 with previous histories of injuries) and 60 controls were evaluated. Pain was assessed by a visual analogue scale. The assessment of rearfoot alignment and the calculations of the arch index were performed by digital photographic images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were observed similarities between the three groups regarding the misalignments of the rearfoot valgus. The medial longitudinal arches were more elevated in the group with symptoms and histories of PF, compared to the control runners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Runners with symptoms or histories of PF did not differ in rearfoot valgus misalignments, but showed increases in the longitudinal plantar arch during bipedal static stance, regardless of the presence of pain symptoms.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. anapaulafisioterapia@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trombini-Souza
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tessutti
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodrigues Lima
authors.forename: Isabel de Camargo Neves
authors.initials: Ide C
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: Silvia Maria Amado
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: João
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D055815:Young Adult