title: Disinfection methods for spores of Bacillus atrophaeus, B. anthracis, Clostridium tetani, C. botulinum and C. difficile.
abstract: To evaluate disinfection methods for environments contaminated with bioterrorism-associated microorganism (Bacillus anthracis), we performed the following experiments. First, the sporicidal effects of sodium hypochlorite on spores of five bacterial species were evaluated. Bacillus atrophaeus was the most resistant to hypochlorite, followed in order by B. anthracis, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani, and Clostridium difficile. Subsequently, using B. atrophaeus spores that were the most resistant to hypochlorite, the sporicidal effects of hypochlorite at lower pH by adding vinegar were evaluated. Hypochlorite containing vinegar had far more marked sporicidal effects than hypochlorite alone. Cleaning with 0.5% (5000 ppm) hypochlorite containing vinegar inactivated B. atrophaeus spores attached to vinyl chloride and plywood plates within 15 s, while that not containing vinegar did not inactivate spores attached to cement or plywood plates even after 1 h. Therefore, the surfaces of cement or plywood plates were covered with gauze soaked in 0.5% hypochlorite containing vinegar, and the sporicidal effects were evaluated. B. atrophaeus spores attached to plywood plates were not inactivated even after 6 h, but those attached to cement plates were inactivated within 5 min. On the other hand, covering the surfaces of plywood plates with gauze soaked in 0.3% peracetic acid and gauze soaked in 2% glutaral inactivated B. atrophaeus spores within 5 min and 6 h, respectively. These results suggest that hypochlorite containing vinegar is effective for disinfecting vinyl chloride, tile, and cement plates contaminated with B. anthracis, and peracetic acid is effective for disinfecting plywood plates contaminated with such microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Japan. oie-ygc@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oie
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kenri
authors.forename: Motohide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Sou-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects; D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects*; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000187:drug effects; D003017:Clostridium tetani / Q000187:drug effects; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014752:Vinyl Chloride; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid; D014752:Vinyl Chloride