title: Management of neurogenic bladder in patients with cerebral palsy.
abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive injury of the brain that affects muscle movement and coordination secondary to anoxia that occurred during the perinatal period. Babies who are premature, low birth weight, and those who sustained perinatal infection, seizure, or intracranial hemorrhage are at an increase risk of being affected. The injury mainly involves the motor control center of the brain; therefore, presents clinically with variable physical impairments, ranging from delayed gross or fine motor development to altered muscle tone and gait. With public awareness and research, the full spectrum of intelligence and capabilities of these children is now being appreciated. Studies have shown that with supportive caretakers, many of these children go on to enjoy near-normal adult lives. Therefore, it is imperative that their physical disabilities are identified and managed properly. In this review, we will focus primarily on urologic evaluation and management of patients with CP, with a brief review of normal bladder physiology and voiding pattern.
authors.affiliation: UCSF Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ming-Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baskin