title: Tooth regeneration: a revolution in stomatology and evolution in regenerative medicine.
abstract: A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated? Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth? If not, what are the therapeutically viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration? Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration? How can regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants? Would it be possible to make regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide? This review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some of the above-mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration: repair is by metal or artificial materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and function by biological substitutes.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory (TERML), Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Susan Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chang Hun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sahng Gyoon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D012038:Regeneration; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D015398:Signal Transduction; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014070:Tooth / Q000502:physiology*