title: Alterations in Ca²⁺ homeostasis and oxidative damage induced by ethion in erythrocytes of Wistar rats: ameliorative effect of vitamin E.
abstract: Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been reported to induce oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation and alteration in defense mechanisms. It is known that calcium content in erythrocytes plays a very important in normal physiology of cells. Erythrocytes are a very convenient model to understand the susceptibility of membrane to oxidative damage induced by various xenobiotic compounds. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of ethion induced oxidative damage, alterations in membrane bound enzymes and Ca(2+) homeostasis and a possible protective role of vitamin E. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were orally administered ethion and vitamin E daily for 28 days. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: control; ethion treated (2.7 mg/kgbw/day); vitamin E treated (50mg/kg of bw/day); ethion+vitamin E treated. The animals were sacrificed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Erythrocyte membranes were prepared and analyzed for protein, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and membrane bound ATPases. Furthermore, Ca(2+) homeostasis as function of time and concentration was evaluated in erythrocytes. The results from the present study show that in vivo administration of ethion resulted in oxidative damage to erythrocyte membranes as evident by increased lipid peroxidation. The increased LPO following ethion intoxication was accompanied by significant decrease in the activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and disturbed Ca(2+)homeostasis in erythrocytes. Furthermore, vitamin E treatment had a beneficial effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation; partially restoring activities of membrane bound ATPases and Ca(2+) homeostasis. The present study suggests that ethion exerts its toxic effect by increasing LPO, altering the activity of membrane bound enzymes and disturbing Ca(2+) homeostasis. Vitamin E treatment ameliorated the toxic effects of ethion suggesting its role as a potential antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. bhattigk@yahoo.com
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandhir
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D014810:Vitamin E; C100038:ethion; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D002118:Calcium