title: Study on the sonodynamic activity and mechanism of promethazine hydrochloride by multi-spectroscopic techniques.
abstract: In this paper, the bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a target molecule, the sonodynamic damage to protein in the presence of promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) and its mechanism were studied by the means of absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The results of hyperchromic effect of absorption spectra and quenching of intrinsic fluorescence spectra indicate that the ultrasound-induced BSA molecules damage is enhanced by PMT. The damage degree of BSA molecules increases with the increase of ultrasonic irradiation time and PMT concentration. The results of synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence and CD spectra confirmed that the synergistic effects of ultrasound and PMT induced the damage of BSA molecules. The results of oxidation-extraction photometry with several reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers indicate that the damage of BSA molecules could be mainly due to the generation of ROS and both (1)O(2) and OH are the important mediators of the ultrasound-induced BSA molecules damage in the presence of PMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
authors.forename: Ling-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ya-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shu-Kun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D011398:Promethazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000528:radiation effects; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D011398:Promethazine