title: Rimonabant, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 inverse agonist, inhibits hepatocyte lipogenesis by activating liver kinase B1 and AMP-activated protein kinase axis downstream of Gα i/o inhibition.
abstract: Liver X receptor-α (LXRα) and its target sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) play key roles in hepatic lipogenesis. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), has been studied as an antiobesity drug. In view of the link between CB1 and energy metabolism, this study investigated the effect of rimonabant on LXRα-mediated lipogenesis in hepatocytes and the underlying basis. Rimonabant treatment inhibited CYP7A1-LXRα response element gene transactivation and an increase in LXRα mRNA level by the LXRα agonist N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-N-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide (T0901317) in HepG2 cells. Rimonabant consistently attenuated the activation of SREBP-1c and its target gene induction. The reversal by CB1 agonists on rimonabant's repression of SREBP-1c supported the role of CB1 in this effect. Rimonabant inhibited the activation of SREBP-1c presumably via Gα(i/o) inhibition, as did pertussis toxin. Adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP treatment mimicked the action of rimonabant, suggesting that Gα(i/o) inhibition causes repression of SREBP-1c by increasing the cAMP level. Knockdown or chemical inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) prevented the inhibition of LXRα by rimonabant, supporting the fact that an increase in cAMP content and PKA activation, which catalyzes LXRα inhibitory phosphorylation, might be responsible for the antilipogenic effect. In addition, rimonabant activated liver kinase B1 (LKB1), resulting in the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase responsible for LXRα repression. Moreover, PKA inhibition prevented the activation of LKB1, supporting the fact that PKA regulates LKB1. In conclusion, rimonabant has an antilipogenic effect in hepatocytes by inhibiting LXRα-dependent SREBP-1c induction, as mediated by an increase in PKA activity and PKA-mediated LKB1 activation downstream of CB1-coupled Gα(i/o) inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Innovative Drug Research Center for Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yoon Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sang Geon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D063387:Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077285:Rimonabant
chemical_list: D063387:Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists; D017931:DNA Primers; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C109790:STK11 protein, human; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000077285:Rimonabant