title: Enhanced squalene production by wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using safe chemical means.
abstract: Interest is increasing in establishing renewable sources for squalene, a functional lipid, as the conventional ones are limited. In the present study, squalene production was achieved in a wild-type laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain by two safe chemical means using terbinafine (0.05-0.55 mM) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) (0-1.00 mM). Bioprocess kinetics optimized by response surface methodology and monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a clear dependence of growth and squalene content (SQC) and yield (SQY) on the above regulators. Maximum SQC (10.02±0.53 mg/g dry biomass) and SQY (20.70±1.00 mg/L) were achieved using 0.442 mM terbinafine plus 0.044 mM MJ after 28 h and 0.300 mM terbinafine after 30 h, respectively. A 10-fold increase in SQY was achieved in comparison to that in the absence of regulator. The ruggedness of optimum conditions for SQY was verified for five industrial strains. The cellular lipid fraction (∼12% of dry biomass) was rich in squalene (12-13%). Results are encouraging toward bioprocess scale up.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naziri
authors.forename: Fani
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mantzouridou
authors.forename: Maria Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Tsimidou
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000032:analysis; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D050603:Squalene Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077291:Terbinafine
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D013185:Squalene; C072239:methyl jasmonate; D050603:Squalene Monooxygenase; D000077291:Terbinafine; D004875:Ergosterol