title: Potable water recovery from As, U, and F contaminated ground waters by direct contact membrane distillation process.
abstract: In this study, the feasibility of the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process to recover arsenic, uranium and fluoride contaminated saline ground waters was investigated. Two types of membranes (polypropylene, PP; and polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) were tested to compare the permeate production rates and contaminant removal efficiencies. Several experiments were conducted to study the effect of salts, arsenic, fluoride and uranium concentrations (synthetic brackish water with salts: 1000-10,000 ppm; arsenic and uranium: 10-400 ppb; fluoride: 1-30 ppm) on the desalination efficiency. The effect of process variables such as feed flow rate, feed temperature and pore size was studied. The experimental results proved that the DCMD process is able to achieve over 99% rejection of the salts, arsenic, fluoride and uranium contaminants and produced a high quality permeate suitable for many beneficial uses. The ability to utilize the low grade heat sources makes the DCMD process a viable option to recover potable water from a variety of impaired ground waters.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States.
authors.forename: Saketa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yarlagadda
authors.forename: Veera Gnaneswar
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Gude
authors.forename: Lucy Mar
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Saireddy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinappu
authors.forename: Shuguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D057168:Distillation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005461:Fluorine / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000032:analysis; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012492:Salts; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005461:Fluorine; D014501:Uranium; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D001151:Arsenic; D005459:Fluorides