title: A practical, evidence-based guide to the use of adalimumab in Crohn's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents are important therapies for treating Crohn's disease (CD) because they may induce and maintain remission, reduce the need for corticosteroids, decrease hospitalizations and surgeries, and heal the mucosa. Here we provide a practical, evidence-based guide to help clinicians optimize the use of adalimumab in patients with CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS databases was performed for articles published between 1996 and 2010 describing adalimumab use in CD. Abstracts presented at the ACG, DDW, UEGW, ECCO, and SGNA congresses, references from review articles and published randomized clinical trials, and the manufacturer's prescribing information also were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When selecting an anti-TNF agent, factors such as efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, patient preference, and the timing and sequencing of therapies should be considered. Important considerations for patient management include dosage selection, use of combination therapy, timing of monitoring treatment response, and evaluation of recurrent CD symptoms in a previously responding patient. We recommend that patients initiating adalimumab receive a loading dose of 160/80 mg subcutaneously at Week 0/Week 2, followed by up to 8 weeks of 40 mg every-other-week maintenance therapy prior to determining if there is non-response. During therapy, recurrent or new symptoms should be fully evaluated to ensure that they are indeed related to underlying inflammation versus other causes (e.g., intercurrent infection, bile acid diarrhea, or irritable bowel). Patients experiencing attenuation of response or inflammatory-mediated symptoms during maintenance therapy may benefit from dosage intensification to weekly adalimumab.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considerations for the use of anti-TNF agents in CD, with an emphasis on adalimumab, are reviewed and practical patient management recommendations are presented.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. drubin@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panaccione
authors.forename: Jingdong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000465:Algorithms; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015415:Biomarkers; D000068879:Adalimumab