title: Urinary κ and λ immunoglobulin light chains in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kidney disease is one of the major chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. Tubular involvement may precede glomerular involvement and the appearance of microalbuminuria. The aim of the study was to evaluate quantitatively immunoglobulin light chains (IgLCs), kappa and lambda excretion in the urine of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with normoalbuminuria and with microalbuminuria compared to control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary IgLCs levels of the control group were significantly lower than diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and diabetic patients with albuminuria. IgLCs were significantly associated with the duration of disease and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetic patients can have significantly raised concentrations of urinary IgLCs before microalbuminuria or renal disease occurs. Further investigations are recommended to assess LC evaluation in the early management of diabetic renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: M O F
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000652:urine*; D007146:Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; D007146:Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains