title: Associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with advanced or multiple colorectal adenoma risks: a colonoscopy-based case-control study in Korea.
abstract: The associations between alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking habits and the risk for colorectal adenomatous polyps according to the detailed clinical information about polyps were assessed in a large colonoscopy-based study. The study enrolled participants who visited the National Cancer Center of the Republic of Korea for cancer screening between April 2007 and April 2009. In 1,242 newly diagnosed colorectal adenoma patients and 3,019 polyp-free controls, past smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.65) and current smokers (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.11) had increased risks for adenomas compared with nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking conferred an even higher risk for advanced adenomas and 3 or more adenomas than for low-risk adenomas or a single adenoma. Dose-response relations were observed among the daily number of cigarettes smoked, the duration of smoking, the pack-years of smoking, and the risk for adenomas. A longer duration of alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk for advanced adenomas (for >28 years of consumption: OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.64) and 3 or more adenomas (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.76). In conclusion, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption play roles in colorectal carcinogenesis, and the association differs by the clinical features of the adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Cancer Branch, National Cancer Center Hospital, 323 Ilsanro Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Geyonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Aesun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Chang Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Dae Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Byung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jeongseon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*