title: Antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant (Lumnitzera littorea).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antimicrobial activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the leaves of Lumnitzera littorea (L. littorea) against six human pathogenic microbes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antimicrobial activities of the crude extracts were increased with increasing the concentration. It is clear that n-hexane extract was the most effective extract. Additionally, Gram positive Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) appear to be the most sensitive strain while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and the yeast strains (Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans)) appear to be resistance to the tested concentrations since no inhibition zone was observed. The inhibition of microbial growth at concentration as low as 0.04 mg/mL indicated the potent antimicrobial activity of L. littorea extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained results are considered sufficient for further study to isolate the compounds responsible for the activity and suggesting the possibility of finding potent antibacterial agents from L. littorea extracts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. ocean@iiu.edu.my
authors.forename: Shahbudin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.forename: Deny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Susanti
authors.forename: Haitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qaralleh
authors.forename: Nurul Afifah Binti Abdul
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Rahim
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D029764:Combretaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts