title: The strategic use of novel smallpox vaccines in the post-eradication world.
abstract: We still face a threat of orthopoxviruses in the form of biological weapons and emerging zoonoses. Therefore, there is a need to maintain a comprehensive defense strategy to counter the low-probability, high-impact threat of smallpox, as well as the ongoing threat of naturally occurring orthopoxvirus disease. The currently licensed live-virus smallpox vaccine ACAM2000 is effective, but associated with serious and even life-threatening adverse events. The health threat posed by this vaccine, and other previously licensed vaccines, has prevented many first responders, and even many in the military, from receiving a vaccine against smallpox. At the same time, global immunity produced during the smallpox eradication campaign is waning. Here, we review novel subunit/component vaccines and how they might play roles in unconventional strategies to defend against emerging orthopoxvirus diseases throughout the world and against smallpox used as a weapon of mass destruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: Jay W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D060740:Disease Eradication; D006801:Humans; D012899:Smallpox / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014611:Vaccination; D012901:Variola virus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012900:Smallpox Vaccine