title: Effect of surface pre-treatments on the zirconia ceramic-resin cement microtensile bond strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cylinder-shaped (∅ 12×5.25 mm high) blocks of a commercial zirconium-oxide ceramic (Cercon® Zirconia, DENTSPLY) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=3), based on the surface treatment to be performed: (1) airborne particle abrasion with 125 μm Al₂O₃ particles (S); (2) selective infiltration etching (SIE); (3) experimental hot etching solution applied for 30 min (ST) and (4) no treatment (C). Paradigm MZ100 blocks (3M ESPE) were cut into twelve cylinders of 4mm in thickness. Composite cylinders were bonded to conditioned ceramics using a resin cement (Calibra®, DENTSPLY), in combination with the proprietary adhesive system. After 24h bonded specimens were cut into microtensile sticks and loaded in tension until failure. Bond strength data were analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn's Multiple Range test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Failure mode distribution was recorded and the interfacial morphology of debonded specimens was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bond strength values achieved after SIE and ST treatment were significantly higher than after S treatment and without any treatment (p < 0.05). Premature failures were mostly recorded in the S group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conditioning the high-strength ceramic surface with SIE and ST treatments yielded higher bond strengths of the resin cement than when zirconia ceramic was treated with airborne particle abrasion or left untreated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casucci
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monticelli
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goracci
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzitelli
authors.forename: Amerigo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoro
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papacchini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C433205:Calibra; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C532387:XP-Bond; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide