title: Synthetic turf field investigation in Connecticut.
abstract: The primary purpose of this study was to characterize the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC), rubber-related chemicals such as benzothiazole (BZT) and nitrosamine, and particulate matter (PM(10)) in air at synthetic turf crumb rubber fields. Both new and older fields were evaluated under conditions of active use. Three types of fields were targeted: four outdoor crumb rubber fields, one indoor facility with crumb rubber turf, and an outdoor natural grass field. Background samples were collected at each field on grass. Personal air sampling was conducted for VOC, BZT, nitrosamines, and other chemicals. Stationary air samples were collected at different heights to assess the vertical profile of release. Air monitoring for PM(10) was conducted at one height. Bulk samples of turf grass and crumb rubber were analyzed, and meteorological data were recorded. Results showed that personal concentrations were higher than stationary concentrations and were higher on turf than in background samples for certain VOC. In some cases, personal VOC concentrations from natural grass fields were as high as those on turf. Naphthalene, BZT, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were detected in greater concentration at the indoor field compared to the outdoor fields. Nitrosamine air levels were below reporting levels. PM(10) air concentrations were not different between on-field and upwind locations. All bulk lead (Pb) samples were below the public health target of 400 ppm. More research is needed to better understand air quality at indoor facilities. These field investigation data were incorporated into a separate human health risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA. simcox@uchc.edu
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Simcox
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bracker
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toal
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Golembiewski
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurland
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hedman
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D000531:Altitude; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000032:analysis; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene / Q000032:analysis; D003237:Connecticut; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000191:economics / Q000633:toxicity; D005160:Facility Design and Construction / Q000191:economics; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D010988:Play and Playthings; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D011633:Public Facilities / Q000191:economics; D015980:Public Health Practice; D059027:Recycling; D012621:Seasons; D019876:Sports Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D020724:Elastomers; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009602:Nitrosamines; D052638:Particulate Matter; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002084:Butylated Hydroxytoluene; C031721:naphthalene; D007854:Lead; C005465:benzothiazole