title: Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression pattern of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in urinary bladder cancer and its association with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty cases of urothelial carcinoma were analyzed. EGFR, HER2, EGF, and IL-6 expressions in the tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. For HPV, DNA from tissue samples was extracted and detection of HPV was done by PCR technique. Furthermore, evaluation of different intracellular molecules associated with EGFR signaling pathways was performed by the western blot method using lysates from various cells and tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the frequencies of immunopositivity for EGFR, HER2, EGF, and IL-6 were 23%, 60%, 47%, and 80%, respectively. No cases were positive for HPV-18, whereas HPV-16 was detected in 10% cases. Overall, expression of EGFR did not show any statistically significant association with the studied parameters. However, among male patients, a significant association was found only between EGFR and HER2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of EGFR and/or HER2, two important members of the same family of growth factor receptors, was observed in a considerable proportion of cases. Precise knowledge in this subject would be helpful to formulate a rational treatment strategy in patients with urinary bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, I-7, Sector-39, Noida, India.
authors.forename: Dayalu S L
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Amitabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hedau