title: Application of wedged foot orthosis effectively reduces pain in runners with pronated foot: a randomized clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of foot orthosis intervention during a 60-minute running test in pronated-foot runners with overuse knee or foot pain during running.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sports gym.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four runners with pronated foot who experienced pain over anterior knee or foot region during running were recruited and randomized into the treatment, or the control, group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A soft insole with a semi-rigid rearfoot medial wedge was given to the treatment group, and a soft insole without corrective posting was applied to the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immediate and short-term effects of orthosis application on incidence of pain, pain intensity and onset time were evaluated using the 60-minutes treadmill test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after wearing the foot orthosis, pain incidence reduced in the treatment group but not in the control group (P = 0.04). After two weeks, seven (58%) subjects in the treatment group and one (8%) in the control group were free of pain during the test (P = 0.01). The pain intensity score decreased significantly after orthosis application, from 35.5 to 17.2 (immediate effect, P = 0.014), then to 12.3 (short-term effect, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rearfoot medially-wedged insole was a useful intervention for preventing or reducing painful knee or foot symptoms during running in runners with pronated foot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yan-Kai
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Wen-Yin
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011403:Pronation; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*