title: The therapeutic potential of manipulating gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are attributed to a combination of genetic susceptibility and lifestyle factors. Their increasing prevalence necessitates further studies on modifiable causative factors and novel treatment options. The gut microbiota has emerged as an important contributor to the obesity--and T2DM--epidemic proposed to act by increasing energy harvest from the diet. Although obesity is associated with substantial changes in the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota, the pathophysiological processes remain only partly understood. In this review we will describe the development of the adult human microbiome and discuss how the composition of the gut microbiota changes in response to modulating factors. The influence of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics and microbial transplantation is discussed from studies using animal and human models. Ultimately, we aim to translate these findings into therapeutic pathways for obesity and T2DM in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kootte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vrieze
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holleman
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dallinga-Thie
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Zoetendal
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: J B L
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stroes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieuwdorp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004032:Diet; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D054892:Metagenome; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D056692:Prebiotics