title: Biocompatibility of two novel root repair materials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of 2 root-end filling materials, Endosequence Root Repair Material Putty (ERRM Putty) and Paste (ERRM Paste) and compare them with gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  ERRM Putty, ERRM Paste, MTA, intermediate restorative material (IRM), and Cavit G were tested. For cytotoxicity assay, human gingival fibroblasts were incubated for 1, 3, and 7 days with extracts of varying concentrations from materials set for 2 days or 7 days. Cell viability was evaluated by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. For cell adhesion assay, materials set for 7 days were examined under scanning electron microscope directly after setting, after incubation in cell culture medium for 7 days, and after incubation in gingival fibroblast suspension at a density of 5 × 10(4) cells/well for 2 and 7 days. The constituents of crystals formed on surface of materials were determined by energy dispersive analysis by x-ray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability was significantly correlated with the type of material, setting time, and incubation time (P < .001 for all parameters). ERRM Putty and ERRM Paste displayed similar cell viabilities to MTA at all experimental conditions, except that fresh samples of ERRM Paste showed slightly lower cell viabilities than MTA. Cell viabilities with IRM and Cavit G were significantly lower than with the other 3 materials (P < .001). Similar surface crystallographic features and cell adhesion were observed on ERRM Paste, ERRM Putty, and MTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERRM Putty and ERRM Paste displayed similar in vitro biocompatibility to MTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jingzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stojicic
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003461:Crystallography; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D013635:Tantalum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; C550603:EndoSequence root repair material; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010087:Oxides; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C031667:IRM cement; D013635:Tantalum; C020873:Cavit G; D015040:Zirconium; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D015034:Zinc Oxide