title: Assessing dexterity function: a comparison of two alternatives for the NIH Toolbox.
abstract: METHODS
  Clinical measurement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Manual dexterity is an important aspect of motor function across the age span.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify a single measure of manual dexterity for inclusion in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 340 subjects participated in our study. Two alternatives, Rolyan® 9-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) and Grooved Pegboard test, were compared by assessing their score range across age groups (3-85 yr) and their test-retest reliability, concurrent, and known groups validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 9-HPT was a simple, efficient, and low-cost measure of manual dexterity appropriate for administration across the age range. Test-retest reliability coefficients were 0.95 and 0.92 for right and left hands, respectively. The 9-HPT correlated with Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT) of Motor Proficiency, dexterity subscale, at -0.87 to -0.89 and with Purdue Pegboard at -0.74 to -0.75. The Grooved Pegboard had good test-retest reliability (0.91 and 0.85 for right and left hands, respectively). The Grooved Pegboard correlated with BOT at -0.50 to -0.63 and with Purdue Pegboard at -0.73 to -0.78. However, the Grooved Pegboard required longer administration time and was challenging for the youngest children and oldest adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on its feasibility and measurement properties, the 9-HPT was recommended for inclusion in the motor battery of the NIH Toolbox.
  
  
  METHODS
  NA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Science & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. wang52@uwm.edu
authors.forename: Ying-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Magasi
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bohannon
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Reuben
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: McCreath
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bubela
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gershon
authors.forename: William Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Rymer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States