title: Bortezomib-induced Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus lytic gene expression: oncolytic strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gamma herpesviruses (GHVs) are responsible for a substantial proportion of virus-associated human cancers, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Methods that employ lytic activation of viruses latently infecting tumors represent a novel strategy of antineoplastic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, has been shown to be a potent activator of GHV lytic cycle and has demonstrated activity in case reports of GHV-related malignancies. Although initial reports implicated the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, more recent studies identify alternative pathways responsible for bortezomib-mediated lytic induction of GHVs and activity against the malignancies that harbor them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further exploration of proteasome inhibition as an oncolytic strategy is warranted and will require clinical/translational trials to determine whether lytic induction of GHVs correlates with clinical response to bortezomib, and, if so, to optimize this oncolytic strategy.
authors.affiliation: Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093-0987, USA. egreid@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Erin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000150:complications; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000187:drug effects; D018406:Virus Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib