title: A preliminary report on the feeding of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with a high-sugar high-fat diet for 33 weeks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic syndrome is common in populations exposed to a typical Western diet. There is a lack of an animal model that mimics this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We fed 15 cynomolgus monkeys ad libitum a high-sugar high-fat (HSHF) diet for 33 weeks. Body weight, body composition, serum lipids, and insulin were measured at baseline and at 33 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals tolerated the HSHF diet very well. In the intervention group, total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 3- and 5-fold higher, respectively, at 33 weeks as compared with their baseline levels. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly affected. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis of the intervention group indicated that the trunk fat mass increased by 187% during this period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cynomolgus monkeys should be a useful model for investigating the interactions of diet and other factors such as genetics in the development of the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. jmubiru@TxBiomed.org
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mubiru
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Forey
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Peggah
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hemmat
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Cavazos
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Owston
authors.forename: Cassondra A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Shade
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Comuzzie
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D023421:Models, Animal; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol