title: Kinetic study of γ-hexabromocyclododecane orally given to laying hens (Gallus domesticus). "Transfer of HBCD in laying hens".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High concentrations of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) sometimes recorded in free-range hens' eggs are thought to be due to soil ingestion. Of the three stereoisomers of HBCD (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD), γ-HBCD is the main component in the commercial mixture, as well as in environmental matrices, whereas the isomer profile is α-dominated in biota. In fish and in mammals, this shift is thought to be due to a rapid elimination of γ-HBCD and to its bioisomerization to the more persistent α-HBCD. The aim of the current controlled study was to better understand the fate of ingested HBCD in laying hens. The isomer profile in soil being γ-dominated, excretion kinetics of γ-HBCD into egg yolk, and accumulation in liver and in abdominal fat were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight laying hens were individually housed and fed with a spiked diet containing 1.1-ng γ-HBCD per gram for 21 days and with a clean diet for the following 18 days. Hens were sequentially slaughtered throughout the 39-day experiment. α-, β-, and γ-HBCD were analyzed in egg yolk, in abdominal fat, and in liver by LC-MS/MS. α- and γ-HBCD were quantified in the three tissues, while β-HBCD was never quantified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kinetics of the two isomers suggests that γ-HBCD is rapidly biotransformed and eliminated, and partly isomerized into the more persistent α-HBCD. Carry-over rate of ingested γ-HBCD to egg yolk was estimated at 1.2%. Estimated half-lives of γ-HBCD in egg yolk, in abdominal fat, and in liver were 2.9, 13, and 0.41 days, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Nancy Université, INRA, ENSAIA, 2 avenue de Forêt de Haye, BP 172, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. agnes.fournier@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feidt
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.forename: Anaïs
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vénisseau
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Bizec
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sellier
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratel
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Travel
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jondreville
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002645:Chickens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004032:Diet; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane