title: International spread of an epidemic population of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 resistant to ciprofloxacin.
abstract: National Salmonella surveillance systems from France, England and Wales, Denmark, and the United States identified the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky displaying high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. A total of 489 human cases were identified during the period from 2002 (3 cases) to 2008 (174 cases). These isolates belonged to a single clone defined by the multilocus sequence type ST198, the XbaI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis cluster X1, and the presence of the Salmonella genomic island 1 variant SGI1-K. This clone was probably selected in 3 steps in Egypt during the 1990s and the early 2000s and has now spread to several countries in Africa and, more recently, in the Middle East. Poultry has been identified as a potential major vehicle for infection by this clone. Continued surveillance and appropriate control measures should be implemented by national and international authorities to limit the spread of this strain.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Hello
authors.forename: Rene S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doublet
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Eva Møller
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whichard
authors.forename: Brahim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouchrif
authors.forename: Kayode
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fashae
authors.forename: Sophie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Granier
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jourdan-Da Silva
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cloeckaert
authors.forename: E John
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Threlfall
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Aarestrup
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Weill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000352:Africa, Northern; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D044404:Genomic Islands; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017365:Spices / Q000382:microbiology; D014195:Travel; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin