title: Ten-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Risk factors in a sample of people with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the 10-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (DME), and its relationship with its risk factors in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 334 patients without diabetic retinopathy at baseline underwent a 10-year prospective study, the risk factors included: age, gender, diabetes duration, HbA1c, LDL-C, HDl-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, ApoA1, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, and triglycerides were recorded. Risk factors for diabetic macular edema (DME) were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year incidence of any DR was 35.90%, and 11.07% developed DME. The risk factors for DR and DME were: diabetes duration, high glycosylated level, and arterial hypertension, and overt nephropathy was well correlated with DME. The lipid study demonstrated that ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significant for any DR [HRR: 0.594 (0.416-0.848), p=0.01], and DME [HRR: 0.601 (0.433-0.894), p=0.009]. The TC/HDL ratio was only significant for DME [HRR: 0.624 (0.440-0.886), p=0.008]; other lipids values were not significant for any groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significant to the 10-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy and to macular edema; and the TC/HDL ratio was significant to a 10-year incidence of macular edema.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Service, Hospital Universitario Sant Joan, IISPV, Universidad Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain. promero@grupsagessa.com
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romero-Aroca
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baget-Bernaldiz
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Ballart
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plana-Gil
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soler-Lluis
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mendez-Marin
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bautista-Perez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult