title: Impact of subjective sleep quality on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycaemic control is fundamental to the management of and risk reduction in microvascular complications of diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sleep quality with glycaemic control and its impact on type 2 diabetic patients in an Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled. HbA1C was measured in each patient, and each patient completed the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Good sleep quality was defined as PSQI score ≤5.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, gender and body mass index, the total PSQI score and sleep efficiency (P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with the level of HbA1C. Logistic regression analysis showed the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of sleep efficiency for HbA1C level was 6.83 [OR = 6.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.04-22.8, P = 0.002]. The adjusted ORs of worse glycaemic control for the poor sleep quality group was 6.94 with regard to the group of good sleep quality (OR = 6.94, 95% CI: 1.02-47.16, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that both poor sleep quality and less-efficient sleep are significantly correlated with worse glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings are expected to contribute to the prevention and risk reduction of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Nai-Hsuan
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kann
authors.forename: Tao-Hsin
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Yi-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Chin-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ko-Chen
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shy-Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jau-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents