title: Benign biliary strictures: a current comprehensive clinical and imaging review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a wide spectrum of nonneoplastic causes of biliary stricture that can pose a significant challenge to clinicians and radiologists. Imaging plays a key role in differentiating benign from malignant strictures, defining the extent, and directing the biopsy. We describe the salient clinical and imaging manifestations of benign biliary strictures that will help radiologists to accurately diagnose these entities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate diagnosis and management are based on correlating imaging findings with epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. Cross-sectional imaging modalities permit precise localization of the site and length of the segment involved, thereby serving as a road map to surgery, and permit exclusion of underlying malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. shanbhogue@gmail.com
authors.forename: Alampady Krishna Prasad
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shanbhogue
authors.forename: Sree Harsha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tirumani
authors.forename: Srinivasa R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Najla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fasih
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McInnes
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents