title: Decrease in the vinorelbine-induced venous irritation by pharmaceutical intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intravenous injection of vinorelbine often causes venous irritation such as erythema, injection site pain, and phlebitis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the risk factor associated with the vinorelbine-induced venous irritation and to establish a suitable administration method of vinorelbine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the risk factor associated with venous irritation in 63 patients administered vinorelbine from April 2006 to September 2008. We subsequently changed the regimen of vinorelbine and examined the incidence of venous irritation in 24 patients administered vinorelbine from October 2008 to March 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the dose of vinorelbine (≥ 40 mg) was a significant predictor for venous irritation (adjusted odds ratio = 4.39; 95% confidence intervals, 1.33-14.49; p = 0.015). Moreover, the grade of venous irritation in patients administered vinorelbine at the doses of ≥ 40 mg was significantly higher than that in patients administered vinorelbine at the doses of <40 mg (p = 0.011). Based on this result, we altered the volume of normal saline for vinorelbine dissolution from 50 to 100 mL. After the change of regimen, the grade of venous irritation induce by vinorelbine was significantly decreased (p = 0.034), although the incidence was not significantly changed (46.0% versus 33.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change of regimen of vinorelbine based on the analysis significantly decreased the grade of venous irritation. Pharmacists can contribute to the management for the vinorelbine-induced venous irritation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004890:Erythema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014747:Vinblastine; D000077235:Vinorelbine