title: Maternal tobacco use is associated with increased markers of oxidative stress in the placenta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to extend our prior observations and histopathologically characterize key metabolic enzymes (CYP1A1) with markers of oxidative damage in the placental sections from smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placental specimens were collected from term singleton deliveries from smokers (n = 10) and nonsmokers (n = 10) and subjected to a detailed histopathological examination. To quantify the extent of oxidative damage, masked score-graded (0-6) histopathology against 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanisine (8-OHdG) was performed. Minimal significance (P < .05) was determined with a Fisher's exact and a 2-tailed Student t test as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant increase in the presence of syncytial knots in placentas from smokers (70% vs 10%, P = .02). These gross observations were accompanied by a significant aberrant placental aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism (increased CYP1A1, 4.4 vs 2.1, P = .002) in addition to evidence of oxidative damage (4-HNE 3.4 vs 1.1, P = .00005; 8-OHdG 4.9 vs 3.1, P = .0038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a strong association between maternal tobacco use and aberrant placental metabolism, syncytial knot formation, and multiple markers of oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sbrana
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Adi R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abramovici
authors.forename: Hal K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Joan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shope
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aagaard-Tillery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers