title: Cross-sectional study on relationship between constipation and medication in consideration of sleep disorder.
abstract: Constipation can be caused by adverse drug reactions as a result of many drugs and might be induced by sleep disorders; however, the relative risk of its occurrence with individual drugs and the influence of sleep conditions have not been clarified. To clarify the relationship between constipation and various drugs in consideration of sleep disorders, we investigated the self-reported bowel habits, use of laxatives, and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS, a self-administered psychometric instrument to measure insomnia) in 344 inpatients on admission. They were divided into a constipation group (self-reported bowel habits of "Constipation" or "Occasional constipation" and/or use of laxatives, n=161) and a non-constipation group (both "Normal" and the non-use of laxatives, n=183). A comparison of the backgrounds of the two patient groups revealed significant differences in age, gender, number of used drugs, AIS score, hypothyroidism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, use of diuretics, coronary vasodilators, thyroid hormones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and hypnotics. Multiple logistic regression analysis using these fourteen factors as autonomous variables showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.04; p=0.007), female gender (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.21-3.18; p=0.006), the AIS score (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02-1.18; p=0.010), and the use of hypnotics (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.30-4.16; p=0.004) were significantly related to constipation; therefore, as hypnotics appear more likely to cause constipation than other drugs, they should be used with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Nobuharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ooe
authors.forename: Mihoko N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Koyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Mikiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003672:Defecation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D054368:Laxatives; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D054368:Laxatives