title: The inter-relationship of periostin, TGF beta, and BMP in heart valve development and valvular heart diseases.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested an important role for periostin and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligands in heart valve formation and valvular heart diseases. The function of these molecules in cardiovascular development has previously been individually reviewed, but their association has not been thoroughly examined. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the association between periostin and TGF beta and BMP ligands, and discuss the implications of this association in the context of the role of these molecules in heart valve development and valvular homeostasis. Information about hierarchal connections between periostin and TGF beta and BMP ligands in valvulogenesis will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis, progression, and medical treatment of human valve diseases.
authors.affiliation: Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doetschman
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azhar
mesh_terms: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D038081:Organogenesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C512835:POSTN protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta