title: Propofol dose-dependently increases bite force during sedation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of propofol on cognitive function and muscle power as well as vital functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty volunteers participated in this study. Each subject underwent 2 experiments in a randomized crossover manner (propofol group and control group). After control data were obtained, propofol at predicted effect site concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 μg/mL was infused in the propofol group using a target controlled infusion system. Heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and bispectral index value were monitored. Observer's assessment of alertness/sedation and the correct answer rate of the Stroop color word test were assessed. Muscle power, grip strength and bite force were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the propofol group, the bispectral index value and observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale dose-dependently reduced. At the predicted effect site propofol concentration of 2.0 μg/mL, 6 subjects became unconscious. The correct answer rate of Stroop color word test reduced at the predicted effect site propofol concentration of 1.6 and 2.0 μg/mL. Grip strength slightly increased at the predicted effect site propofol concentration of 1.2 μg/mL or less, and bite force dose-dependently increased. At the predicted effect site propofol concentration of 2.0 μg/mL, both muscle powers began to decrease. Bite force dose-dependently increased and reached the maximum at the predicted effect site propofol concentration of 1.6 μg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the detailed mechanisms are unknown, propofol dose-dependently increases bite force during minimal and moderate sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Pung-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinohe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects; D001732:Bite Force; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003118:Color Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol