title: [Effects of laughter therapy on depression, quality of life, resilience and immune responses in breast cancer survivors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on levels of depression, quality of life, resilience and immune responses in breast cancer survivors were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=37) included breast cancer survivors who finished chemotheraphy and radiation therapy: 16 in the experiment group and 21 in the control group. Data were collected from August to November 2009. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy eight times, twice a week for 60 min per session. Questionnaires were used to measure pretest and posttest levels of depression, quality of life and resilience. A blood test was used to analyze changes in Total T cell, T helper, T suppressor, Th/Ts ratio, Total B cell, T cell/B cell ratio and NK cell for immune responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors. but depression and immune responses did not differ significantly between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention to improve quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Honam University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun Ei
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027641:Laughter Therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism