title: Renoprotective effect of grape seed extract against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin and hypercholesterolemia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidneys are dynamic organs and represent one of the major systems maintaining the body homeostasis; they are affected by many chemicals and drugs. Grape seed extract (GSE) has been targeted to prevent drug-induced renal toxicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the possible renoprotective effect of GSE against oxidative stress, renal impairment, and hypercholesterolemia (HC) induced by gentamicin (GM) and cholesterol-enriched diet. Seventy adult male Wistar rats (160 ± 10 g) were divided into seven groups: (1) served as control, (2) GSE, (3) GM, (4) GSE + GM, (5) hypercholesterolemic (HC) group, (6) GM + HC group, and (7) GM + HC + GSE. Kidney functions, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and oxidative and antioxidative stress parameters were assessed in all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GM induced renal dysfunction, which was exacerbated by the presence of HC as confirmed by laboratory determinations. Administration of GSE attenuated the renal toxicity evidenced in significant reduction in elevated kidney function, inflammatory cytokines as well as lipid profile, NO, cGMP, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic antioxidants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of GSE simultaneously with GM attenuated oxidative stress, diminished renal toxicity, and improved lipid profile induced by GM and HC.
authors.affiliation: Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. dr_emadsalem@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Neveen A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Emad A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D056604:Grape Seed Extract