title: Avoiding eddy-current problems in ultra-low-field MRI with self-shielded polarizing coils.
abstract: In ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI), superconductive sensors are used to detect MRI signals typically in fields on the order of 10-100 μT. Despite the highly sensitive detectors, it is necessary to prepolarize the sample in a stronger magnetic field on the order of 10-100 mT, which has to be switched off rapidly in a few milliseconds before signal acquisition. In addition, external magnetic interference is commonly reduced by situating the ULF-MRI system inside a magnetically shielded room (MSR). With typical dipolar polarizing coil designs, the stray field induces strong eddy currents in the conductive layers of the MSR. These eddy currents cause significant secondary magnetic fields that may distort the spin dynamics of the sample, exceed the dynamic range of the sensors, and prevent simultaneous magnetoencephalography and MRI acquisitions. In this paper, we describe a method to design self-shielded polarizing coils for ULF MRI. The experimental results show that with a simple self-shielded polarizing coil, the magnetic fields caused by the eddy currents are largely reduced. With the presented shielding technique, ULF-MRI devices can utilize stronger and spatially broader polarizing fields than achievable with unshielded polarizing coils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland. jaakko.nieminen@aalto.fi
authors.forename: Jaakko O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Panu T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vesanen
authors.forename: Koos C J
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Zevenhoven
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dabek
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassel
authors.forename: Juho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luomahaara
authors.forename: Jari S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Penttilä
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ilmoniemi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods