title: An Experimental Study of Scheduling and Duration of "Tier 2" First-Grade Reading Intervention.
abstract: This study compared the effects on reading outcomes of delivering supplemental, small-group intervention to first-grade students at risk for reading difficulties randomly assigned to one of three different treatment schedules: extended (4 sessions per week, 16 weeks; n = 66), concentrated (4 sessions per week, 8 weeks; n = 64), or distributed (2 sessions per week, 16 weeks; n = 62) schedules. All at-risk readers, identified through screening followed by 8 weeks of oral reading fluency (ORF) progress monitoring, received the same Tier 2 reading intervention in groups of 2 to 4 beginning in January of Grade 1. Group means were higher in word reading and ORF at the final time point relative to pretest; however, the groups did not differ significantly on any reading outcome or on rates of adequate intervention response. Of potential covariates, site, age, free lunch status, program coverage rate, and tutor were significantly related to student outcomes; however, the addition of these variables in multivariate models did not substantially change results. Rates of adequate intervention response were lower than have been reported for some first-grade interventions of longer duration.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Cirino
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romain
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: Jade
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wexler
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fletcher