title: Association of the Pro12Ala and C1431T variants of PPARgamma and their haplotypes with susceptibility to gestational diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The protective role of the Ala allele in the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ on type 2 diabetes has been well established but not confirmed in the context of pregnancy, for gestational diabetes, a known predictor of later type 2 diabetes onset. Another PPARγ polymorphism, the C1431T, is in strong linkage disequilibrium with Pro12Ala and has been shown to be associated with body weight, but its association with diabetes is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1708 women of the EDEN mother-child cohort, the PPARγ Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms were genotyped and analyzed in association with maternal prepregnancy body mass index, obesity before pregnancy, and gestational diabetes, separately and also combined in haplotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in mothers with the Ala/Ala genotype compared with carriers of the Pro allele (35 vs. 9%, P < 0.0001), but there was no cases of gestational diabetes in Ala/Ala mothers. Mothers homozygous for the T allele of C1431T were also more obese (24 vs. 9%, P = 0.035), and three times more had gestational diabetes (18 vs. 6%, P = 0.044). Frequencies of haplotypes for these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms differed significantly in mothers with and without gestational diabetes; in comparison with the Pro-C haplotype, the Pro-T haplotype conferred the highest risk [odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.05-3.40)], and the Ala-C the lowest risk [odds ratio (95% CI) = 0.12 (0.52-1.70)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results from a haplotype analysis, show for the first time that genetic variations in the PPARγ gene could play a role in the susceptibility to develop gestational diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France. barbara.heude@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heude
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pelloux
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forhan
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bedel
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lacorte
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: Marie-Aline
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D004247:DNA