title: Socio-economic differences in exposure to television food advertisements in the UK: a cross-sectional study of advertisements broadcast in one television region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document socio-economic differences in exposure to food advertising, including advertisements for foods high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) as defined by the UK Food Standards Agency's Nutrient Profiling Model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey. Information (including product advertised and viewing figures) on all advertisements broadcast in one UK region over one week (6-12 July 2009) was obtained. Food advertisements were identified and linked to nutritional information on the content of advertised foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  UK Tyne-Tees television region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were sourced from a UK-wide television viewing panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven per cent of advertising seen was for food and 63 % of food advertising seen was for HFSS foods. The proportion of all advertising seen that was for food was smaller among viewers in the least v. most affluent social grade (OR = 0·98, 99 % CI 0·95, 1·00). There was no difference in the proportion of food advertising seen that was for HFSS food between viewers in the most and least affluent social grades. Total exposure to both all food advertising and HFSS food advertising was 2·1 times greater among the least v. the most affluent viewers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the least affluent viewers saw relatively fewer food advertisements, their absolute exposure to all food and HFSS food advertisements was higher than that of the most affluent viewers. Current UK restrictions prohibit advertisements for HFSS foods during programmes with a high proportion of child viewers. Extending these to all programming may reduce socio-economic inequalities in exposure to these advertisements and in diet and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clarke Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK. .m.adams@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics; D005502:Food / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013690:Television; D006113:United Kingdom