title: Psychological distress in men with prostate cancer receiving adjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the occurrence of depression, anxiety, self body image perception, sleep disturbances, and diminished quality of life in prostate cancer patients undergoing adjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) as opposed to patients in follow-up alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group essential diagnostic criteria, Body Image Scale and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Prostate were administered to consecutive prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy and are presently either under adjuvant ADT or included in a follow-up program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 103 patients enrolled, 49 (47.6%) were receiving adjuvant ADT and 54 (52.4%) were not. Compared with the controls, the patients undergoing ADT showed higher levels of depression (P = 0.002), worse self body image perception (P = 0.001), worse quality of life (P = 0.0001) and worse sleep quality (P = 0.04). ADT was significantly associated with depression at multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, stage, Gleason score, as well as demographic and social variables (P = 0.001). Depression scores showed a strong inverse correlation with quality of life scores (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant ADT is associated with depression, worse quality of life, and altered self body image in prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Italy. a.saini@libero.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berruti
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cracco
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sguazzotti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porpiglia
authors.forename: Lucianna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bertaglia
authors.forename: Rocco Luigi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Picci
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negro
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosco
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campagna
authors.forename: Roberto Mario
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dogliotti
authors.forename: Pier Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ostacoli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen