title: Photodynamic therapy disinfection of carious tissue mediated by aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine entrapped in cationic liposomes: an in vitro and clinical study.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique employed in the treatment of several superficial infections, such as caries. PDT uses a non-toxic drug termed photosensitizer (PS) followed by light irradiation. The cytotoxic effects of the therapy are related to the production of reactive species produced after light activation of a photosensitizer, which reacts with surrounding molecules and disrupts several of the cell's functions. Within this context, this study aimed to develop a clinical protocol involving PDT application mediated by aluminum-chloride-phthalocyanine (AlClPc) entrapped in cationic liposomes against cariogenic bacteria in caries lesions. Cationic liposomes were used to delivery AlClPc preferentially to bacterial cells due to the strong anionic superficial charges of these cell types. The results are represented in two fundamental steps: (1) in vitro evaluation of AlClPc delivery to cariogenic bacteria and pulp cells, as well as its potential phototoxicity; (2) a clinical study involving volunteer patients that were treated with the PDT protocol mediated by AlClPc-cationic liposome. The main results showed that the AlClPc-cationic liposome was preferentially absorbed by bacterial cells compared to eukaryotic dental pulp cells, and it was efficient in the reduction of microbial load from bacterial cultures. In addition, the clinical study showed a mean reduction of 82% of total bacterial in the treated cavities after PDT application. Taken together, the results presented in this study showed that the antimicrobial PDT protocol mediated by cationic liposomes containing AlClPc is safety for clinical application and is efficient in the reduction of bacterial load in caries lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, CEP-70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Paulo F
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Soraya C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Andreza R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Simioni
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Fátima Menezes Almeida-Santos
authors.forename: Antônio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.forename: Ricardo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002412:Cations; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002712:Chlorides; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D002712:Chlorides; D007211:Indoles; D008081:Liposomes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C060570:aluminum phthalocyanine