title: Performance of the coughassist insufflation-exsufflation device in the presence of an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube: a bench study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The CoughAssist is a mechanical insufflator-exsufflator designed to assist airway secretion clearance in patients with ineffective cough. The device may benefit intubated and tracheotomized patients. We assessed the impact of various artificial airways on peak expiratory flow (PEF) with the CoughAssist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured PEF and pressure at the airway opening in a lung model during insufflation-exsufflation with the CoughAssist, at 3 set pressures: 30/-30, 40/-40, and 50/-50 cm H(2)O, first without (control), and then with different sizes (6.5 to 8.5 mm inner diameter) of endotracheal tube (ETT) and tracheostomy tube (6, 7, and 8 mm inner diameter), compliance settings of 30 and 60 mL/cm H(2)O, and resistance settings of 0 and 5 cm H(2)O/L/s). We analyzed the relationship between PEF and pressure with linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With compliance of 30 mL/cm H(2)O and 0 resistance the slope of the control relationship between PEF and pressure was statistically significantly greater than during any conditions with ETT or tracheostomy tube. Therefore, in comparison to the control, the relationship of PEF to pressure significantly went in the direction from top to bottom as the ETT or tracheostomy tube became narrower. The findings were the same with compliance of 30 mL/cm H(2)O and resistance of 5 cm H(2)O/L/s. With compliance of 60 mL/cm H(2)O the highest set pressure values were not achieved and some relationships departed from linearity. The control slope of the relationship between PEF and pressure with compliance of 60 mL/cm H(2)O and 0 resistance did not significantly differ with any ETT or tracheostomy tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The artificial airways significantly reduced PEF during insufflation-exsufflation with CoughAssist; the narrower the inner diameter of the artificial airway, the lower the PEF for a given expiratory pressure.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Médicale et d'Assistance Respiratoire, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France. claude.guerin@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guérin
authors.forename: Gaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bourdin
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leray
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delannoy
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bayle
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D003371:Cough / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D045853:Exhalation; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*