title: Prevalence of HCV risk behaviors among prison inmates: tattooing and injection drug use.
abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common blood-borne chronic viral infection in the United States and it is over represented in incarcerated populations. This study estimates if in prison tattooing is associated with self reported HCV infection in a probabilistic sample of 1,331 sentenced inmates in Puerto Rico prisons anonymously surveyed in 2004, who had previously been tested for HCV. Analysis were carried out with the total sample and among non-injectors (n=796) to control for injection drug use (IDU) and other confounders. Nearly 60% of inmates had acquired tattoos in prison. HCV was reported by 27% of subjects in the total sample and by 12% of non-injectors who had undergone tattoos in prison. IDU was the strongest predictor of HCV in the total sample (OR=5.6, 95% CI=3.2-9.7). Among non injectors, tattooing with reused needles or sharp objects and/ or reusing ink was positively associated with HCV self-report (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.3-5.5). Tattooing is a common occurrence in this prison setting. Findings suggest that preventive interventions are required to reduce the risk of HCV transmission through unsterile tattooing and injection practices.
authors.affiliation: Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peña-Orellana
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Viver
authors.forename: Glorimar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caraballo-Correa
authors.forename: Carmen E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Albizu-García
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013653:Tattooing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult