title: Clinical and histomorphometric observations around dual acid-etched and calcium phosphate nanometer deposited-surface implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and histologic peri-implant parameters of a nano-calcium phosphate (CaP)-coated dual acid-etched (DAE) implant (n = 7) to those of an uncoated DAE implant (n = 7).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included seven dogs who received implants bilaterally in edentulous mandibular areas; in the right side, procedures were performed 8 months after procedures in the left mandible. Clinical parameters were measured prior to euthanasia (8 months after the second set of implants was placed), followed by histologic nondecalcified processing for morphometric evaluation. Bone-implant contact (BIC), crestal bone resorption (CBR), intrabony defect (IBD), and bone area fraction (BAF) were measured. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and a two-tailed Pearson correlation test were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Probing depth, Bleeding Index, and keratinized mucosal height were stable in both groups; there was a significant improvement in probing depths with time (P = .014). Morphometric measurements showed BIC from 75% to 89% in both groups at 8 and 16 months. The nano-CaP-coated group (n-CaP) showed a significant increase in BIC over time when compared to the DAE group (P = .02). Crestal bone level was maintained in both groups with average resorption of 1.4 to 1.5 mm at the n-CaP implants and 1.1 to 1.2 mm at the DAE implants at 8 and 16 months, respectively. Mean IBD values were 0.88 to 1.18 mm at the n-CaP implants and 0.65 to 0.66 mm at the DAE implants at the respective periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, both the DAE and the n-CaP-surface implants showed successful osseointegration and functional soft and hard tissue adaptation. Except for the significant increase in BIC around the n-CaP implants over time, both showed similar clinical and histologic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. zviartzi@tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Artzi
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nemcovsky
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tal
authors.forename: Evgeny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Miron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rohrer
authors.forename: Avital
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlovsky
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D049329:Nanostructures; D016348:Osseointegration; D010512:Periodontal Index; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium