title: Telomere length and type 2 diabetes in males, a premature aging syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased telomere shortening has been demonstrated in several diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether telomere length changes during the course of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine telomere length at different stages of type 2 diabetes, including early and late stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 males with type 2 diabetes and 10 years or more since original diagnosis; 96 males with less than one year of diagnosis; 98 age matched healthy males. Telomere length was estimated by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for measurement of lipid peroxidation and inflammation markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a greater telomere shortening in group (A) with type 2 diabetes of 10 years or more since original diagnosis, compared with the control group (C) of healthy males (5.4 vs 9.6 Kb) (p = 0.04) and with group B (5.4 vs 8.7 kb) (p = 0.05). With regard to inflammatory markers TNF-α, malondialdehyde peroxidation and adiponectin we found significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telomere shortening increases with the duration of diabetes. The time of exhibition suggests in parallel that the progressive increase of inflammation and/or oxidative stress plays a direct role in telomere shortening.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, León Guanajuato, México. bomo907@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murillo-Ortiz
authors.forename: Froylán
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Albarrán-Tamayo
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arenas-Aranda
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benítez-Bribiesca
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Malacara-Hernández
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez-Garza
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-González
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solorio
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garay-Sevilla
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mora-Villalpando
mesh_terms: D019588:Aging, Premature / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome; D059505:Telomere Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D059506:Telomere Shortening / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha