title: Literature review: instructional design and pedagogy science in healthcare simulation.
abstract: This article is a review of the literature focused on simulation as an educational intervention in healthcare. The authors examined the literature based on four key levels: (1) the validity and reliability of the simulator, (2) the validity and reliability of the performance evaluation tool, (3) the study design, and (4) the translational impact. The authors found that the majority of research literature in healthcare simulation does not address the validity and reliability of the simulator or the performance evaluation tool. However, there are well-designed research studies that address the translation into clinical settings and have positive patient safety outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. schaefer@musc.edu
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Allison A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vanderbilt
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cason
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: Ronnie J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glavin
authors.forename: Frances W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Deborah D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Navedo
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results