title: CSF shunt complications in infants--an experience from Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of the study was to find out the postoperative complications and long-term outcome of cerebrospinal fluid-shunted patients in an infantile age group with a poor socioeconomic background.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 100 cases of infantile hydrocephalus was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. All selected patients suffering from congenital and post-meningitic hydrocephalus were operated on for ventriculoperitoneal shunt. However, cases of hydrocephalus secondary to myelomeningocele were not included. Patients were followed postoperatively for 2 years. Prior consent for surgery was taken from all parents and the study was approved by the hospital's academic and ethical council.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients were brought quite late to the medical facilities because of social taboos and socioeconomic conditions. Early signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus were either ignored or misunderstood. Shunt infection and shunt failure rates remained at 14 and 10%, respectively. 50% of shunt blocks occurred in the first postoperative year and another 50% within 2 years. The highest percentage (40-45%) of death occurred in patients suffering from congenital hydrocephalus, in the first postoperative year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study concluded that the outcome and prognosis of shunted infantile hydrocephalus in developing countries is suboptimal due to different socioeconomic conditions. However, under such circumstances, careful selection of patients, timely intervention and adherence to meticulous aseptic surgical techniques can alter the prognosis of cerebrospinal fluid-shunted infants.
authors.affiliation: Saad Specialist Hospital, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ahmedbakhsh@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult