title: Sub-second dopamine detection in human striatum.
abstract: Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon fiber microelectrodes allows rapid (sub-second) measurements of dopamine release in behaving animals. Herein, we report the modification of existing technology and demonstrate the feasibility of making sub-second measurements of dopamine release in the caudate nucleus of a human subject during brain surgery. First, we describe the modification of our electrodes that allow for measurements to be made in a human brain. Next, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo, that our modified electrodes can measure stimulated dopamine release in a rat brain equivalently to previously determined rodent electrodes. Finally, we demonstrate acute measurements of dopamine release in the caudate of a human patient during DBS electrode implantation surgery. The data generated are highly amenable for future work investigating the relationship between dopamine levels and important decision variables in human decision-making tasks.
authors.affiliation: Human Neuroimaging Laboratory, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kenneth T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lohrenz
authors.forename: Youssef G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Comair
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: Paul E M
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: P Read
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Montague
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000601:surgery; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine