title: CONSENSUS to EMPHASIS: the overwhelming evidence which makes blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system the cornerstone of therapy for systolic heart failure.
abstract: We will shortly celebrate the 25th anniversary of the publication of the Co-operative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS), a clinical trial which revolutionized the treatment of heart failure and highlighted the importance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathophysiology of heart failure (Figure 1). In this article I will give a brief, historical overview of this exciting quarter-century of discovery related to the RAAS. My focus is on the treatment of heart failure in patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction.
authors.affiliation: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA UK. john.mcmurray@glasgow.ac.uk
authors.forename: John J V
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McMurray
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D004656:Enalapril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril