title: Magnaporthe oryzae cell wall hydrolysate induces ROS and fungistatic VOCs in rice cell cultures.
abstract: Plants react to microbial attack with a number of defense mechanisms, including the synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These responses are triggered by elicitors derived from either the cell surface of pathogens or the incomplete hydrolysis of the plant cell wall. Here we show the response of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv Gigante Vercelli) cell cultures following treatment with cell wall hydrolysates prepared from the rice blast Magnaporthe oryzae. Elicitation prompted the production of several plant VOCs, which were analyzed by stir bar sorptive extraction from both the liquid and head-space phase (SBSE and HSSE, respectively) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. VOCs included alkanes, alkenes and long-chain alcohols as well as cinnamyl alcohol, myristicin, a sesquiterpene alcohol (caryolan-1-ol), 1-butanamide and 2-pentylfuran. The major released compounds, 1-octanol and 1-decanol, were found to induce ROS production in both elicited and non-elicited rice cells and showed fungistatic activity against the pathogen M. oryzae. The possible role of induced VOCs and ROS production in the plant-pathogen interaction is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forlani
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Occhipinti
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.forename: Cinzia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bertea
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varese
authors.forename: Massimo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Maffei
mesh_terms: D020003:1-Octanol / Q000378:metabolism; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C029383:n-decyl alcohol; D020003:1-Octanol