title: Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an update.
abstract: While lifestyle modifications and metformin are the cornerstone of the initial management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is an increasing array of second and third-line pharmacological agents for this condition. These include sulphonylureas, insulin, thiazolidinediones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, with the more recent addition of glucagon- like peptide-1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors and pramlintide. Moreover, insulin analogues that better simulate endogenous insulin secretion have been developed. This review aims to provide an update on the current pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to highlight the benefits and limitations of each treatment.
authors.affiliation: Specialized Diabetes & Endocrine Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. skaissi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El-Kaissi
authors.forename: Suphia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherbeeni
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000819:agonists; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; C105254:pramlintide