title: Examining the potential influence of diabetes on depression and anxiety symptoms via multiple sample confirmatory factor analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Assessing and diagnosing depression and anxiety in the presence of diabetes is complicated by overlapping symptoms that, therefore, are etiologically ambiguous (e.g., fatigue, appetite disturbance, autonomic arousal).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the current study is to test whether overlapping symptoms are affected by the presence of diabetes by comparing structural models of symptoms in adults with and without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants include 226 adults with diabetes and 380 healthy adults who completed questionnaires assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and health status. The most recent hemoglobin A1c lab result was obtained for diabetes patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple sample confirmatory factor analyses indicated that overlapping symptoms were strongly related to mood disturbance for adults with and without diabetes, suggesting that symptoms were not substantially influenced by diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is recommended that when overlapping symptoms are present in diabetes patients, depression and anxiety should be considered as possible contributors to their presence.
authors.affiliation: Capitola, CA, USA. liz.mcdade@gmail.com
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: McDade-Montez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin