title: Do women using long-acting reversible contraception reduce condom use? A novel study design incorporating semen biomarkers.
abstract: Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are highly effective against pregnancy. A barrier to their widespread promotion can include the concern they will lead reduced condom use and, thus, will put couples at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We review evidence from previous studies of condom "migration" associated with the use of LARC and propose a novel study design to address the two main methodological issues that have limited these earlier studies. Namely, we propose to use a randomized controlled trial design and to use a biological marker of semen exposure for measuring changes in condom use.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. mgallo@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Maria F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Denise J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D017280:Condoms; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D042121:Contraception, Barrier; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D034445:Ovulation Inhibition; D011247:Pregnancy; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen