title: Therapy and prognosis of intracranial invasive olfactory neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is currently no consensus on a standardized treatment strategy for olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), especially for intracranial invasion. This purpose of this study is to explore the appropriate treatment modality and prognostic factors of intracranial invasive ONB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital and the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five cases of intracranial invasive ONB were collected and investigated using a retrospective review analysis from patients diagnosed between 1980 and 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates for the group were 55%, 46%, and 31%, respectively. The subgroups who did not receive surgical treatment had worse survival rates than those who did receive treatment. In particular, patients who did not receive any therapy did not live past 1 year. In contrast, the group of patients treated by intranasal resection in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy showed a slightly better survival rate. It is important to note that the group of patients treated by craniofacial surgery combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had a markedly favorable prognosis, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of up to 100%, 88%, and 66%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniofacial surgery in combination with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was an effective treatment for intracranial invasive ONB. In addition, it was found that age may not be an important prognostic factor for intracranial invasive ONB; however, the rate of intracalvarial invasion was found to be a potent marker for predicting the prognosis of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Guang-Yi
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Fang-Cheng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-Kuan
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: An-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wang-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult