title: Radiofrequency ablation for non-spinal osteoid osteomas in 557 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the results of biopsy and computed tomography (CT) guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for non-spinal osteoid osteomas, and compare the results before and after procedural modifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 557 patients with non-spinal osteoid osteomas treated with biopsy and CT-guided RFA. In 68 patients we used 3-mm CT at 2-mm intervals, 19 G/5-mm active tip electrodes, and one 4-minute ablation at 90-93°C. In 489 patients we used contiguous 1-mm CT, 20 G/5-15-mm electrodes, ablation maintaining 60°C for 2 min followed by 14-15 min at 90-93°C, and multiple ablations in the same session for large and multiform lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  533/557 patients (96%) remained asymptomatic and 24/557 (4%) had recurrence; repeat RFA was successful in 22/24 patients (92%). Biopsy was non-diagnostic in 82%. With the modifications performed, success improved from 79% to 98%, recurrences reduced from 21% to 2% and complications from 5.9% to 0.2% (p < 0.001). All patients with large and multiform lesions treated with one ablation had recurrence, compared to no patient with similar lesions and multiple ablations in the same session.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrode parameters, duration of ablation, morphology and size of osteoid osteomas are important for RFA. The above modifications are recommended for improved outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Bologna, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rimondi
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mavrogenis
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciminari
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malaguti
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tranfaglia
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanel
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010017:Osteoma, Osteoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult