title: Deep brain stimulation in benign tremulous parkinsonism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benign tremulous parkinsonism (BTP) is characterized by prominent resting plus action tremor, mild parkinsonism with limited disability or progression apart from tremor, and a less-robust response to levodopa therapy. This disorder has an uncertain pathophysiologic relationship to idiopathic Parkinson disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) should be efficacious for this condition, but there is no previously published experience.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical outcomes and surgical complications of patients with BTP who underwent DBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve men and 3 women with BTP who underwent DBS for levodopa-refractory tremor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tremor status after DBS, preoperative vs postoperative scores on the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale, and the presence of adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 15 patients, 8 underwent unilateral thalamic nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM), 4 bilateral VIM, and 3 bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS. At last follow-up at a median of 4 years post-DBS, 7 patients were tremor free, 6 had only trace tremor, and 2 were definitely improved but with residual tremor. The median preoperative Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor scale score was 17 (range, 11-21); the tremor scale score at the last videotaped follow-up was 1 (range, 0-6). Median time between the 2 videotapes was 11.5 months (range, 3-14 months). No patients experienced adverse events after the surgical procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the efficacy of DBS, with VIM and STN targets, in medically refractory BTP-related tremor. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term durability of response and to better compare the surgical targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savica
authors.forename: Joseph Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Josephs
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ahlskog
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stead
authors.forename: Kendall H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bryan T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Klassen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D007980:Levodopa