title: Concentrations of Irgarol in selected marinas of Oahu, Hawaii and effects on settlement of coral larval.
abstract: This study examined concentrations of Irgarol 1051(®) in selected marinas on the island of Oahu, Hawaii and used laboratory bioassays to assess effects of Irgarol on coral larval settlement. Field surveys of small boat marinas performed in 2006-2007 revealed low concentrations of Irgarol 1051(®), an antifouling paint additive, ranging from non-detected (<17 ng/l) to 283 ng/l. The highest concentrations of Irgarol 1051(®) were found in marinas with low flushing rates and a high density of moored boats and boat traffic. The potential effect of Irgarol 1051(®) on coral larval settlement was evaluated in the laboratory using planulae from Porites hawaiiensis, a zooxanthellate shade-dwelling coral found in Hawaiian waters. Exposure to Irgarol 1051(®) at 100 ng/l resulted in a statistically significant reduction in settlement of coral larvae. This was within the range of Irgarol 1051(®) concentrations found in some of the marinas surveyed on the island of Oahu but Irgarol was not detected in seawater samples at offshore reefs.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Richmond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000187:drug effects*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D006254:Hawaii; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051