title: Induction of a tumour-specific CTL response by exosomes isolated from heat-treated malignant ascites of gastric cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumour cell-derived exosomes may represent a novel type of cancer vaccine. However, the immunogenicity of exosomes derived from tumour cells has been shown to be poor. Therefore, in this study, exosome immunogenicity following heat treatment of exosomes from malignant ascites obtained from gastric cancer patients was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumour-derived exosomes were isolated from heat-treated and untreated malignant ascites of gastric cancer patients using serial centrifugation and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Next, in vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of heat treatment on exosome immunogenicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exosomes from heat-treated malignant ascites of gastric cancer patients (HS exosomes) were found to contain higher concentrations of heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp60, than exosomes derived from untreated malignant ascites obtained from gastric cancer patients. Additional in vitro studies suggest that exosomes derived from heat-treated malignant ascites are able to promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation and induce a tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these results demonstrate that exposure to heat stress can improve the immunogenicity of exosomes obtained from malignant ascites of gastric cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Yunshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shenglin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Fangming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Hongguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Linbin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins