title: Characterization and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles for dopamine brain delivery.
abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize nanoparticles (NPs) composed of chitosan (CS) and evaluate their potential for brain delivery of the neurotransmitter Dopamine (DA). For this purpose, CS based NPs were incubated with DA at two different concentrations giving rise to nanocarriers denoted as DA/CSNPs (1) and DA/CSNPs (5), respectively. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that DA was adsorbed onto the external surface of such NPs. The cytotoxic effect of the CSNPs and DA/CSNPs was assessed using the MTT test and it was found that the nanovectors are less cytotoxic than the neurotransmitter DA after 3 h of incubation time. Transport studies across MDCKII-MDR1 cell line showed that DA/CSNPs (5) give rise to a significant transport enhancing effect compared with the control and greater than the corresponding DA/CSNPs (1). Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) suggested a low DA/CSNPs neurotoxicity after 3 h. In vivo brain microdialysis experiments in rat showed that intraperitoneal acute administration of DA/CSNPs (5) (6-12 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent increase in striatal DA output. Thus, these CS nanoparticles represent an interesting technological platform for DA brain delivery and, hence, may be useful for Parkinson's disease treatment.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaco-Chemistry Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trapani
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Giglio
authors.forename: Damiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cafagna
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Denora
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agrimi
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaetani
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trapani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004285:Dogs; D004298:Dopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048271:Chitosan; D004298:Dopamine