title: Association of APOE polymorphisms and insulin resistance with TCM syndromes in type 2 diabetes patients with macroangiopathy.
abstract: To investigate the association between apolipo-protein E (APOE) polymorphisms and insulin resistance and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with macroangiopathy, 60 patients with T2DM macroangiopathy were enrolled and divided into three groups: dryness-heat due to deficiency of yin, Qi-Yin deficiency, and Yin-Yang deficiency, according to the TCM syndromes, with a control group of 20 healthy individuals. APOE genotype analysis was performed with polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the results showed that the proportion of the ε4/4 and ε3/4 genotypes and frequencies of the ε4 and ε3 alleles were higher in the Qi-Yin deficiency group (P<0.05). Among the T2DM macroangiopathy patients, the E4 group had the largest number of cases, as well as a significantly longer disease course compared to the E2 group (P<0.05). The insulin resistance index (IRI), insulin action index and body mass index (BMI) of patients in the Yin-Yang deficiency group were significantly different from those of patients with dryness-heat due to deficiency of yin and Qi-Yin deficiency. Furthermore, correlation analysis of the BMI and IRI of patients in the Yin-Yang deficiency group revealed a correlation coefficient r=0.696 (P<0.01) and a typical correlation between them. In conclusion, the Qi-Yin deficiency in T2DM patients with macroangiopathy is associated with the APOE E4 and E3 genotypes. Thus, the APOE gene polymorphism can, to some degree, reflect the TCM syndrome types of T2DM patients with macroangiopathy. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the occurrence of T2DM macroangiopathy and is closely associated with the Yin-Yang deficiency according to the TCM differentiating types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, Hainan, PR China. yiqiangxie1972@126.com
authors.forename: Yi-qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yue-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: De-hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zhuan-suo
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong-hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome; D016711:Yang Deficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D016710:Yin Deficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D020033:Protein Isoforms