title: Simulator evaluation of drivers' speed, deceleration and lateral position at rural intersections in relation to different perceptual cues.
abstract: Aim of the study was to investigate, by means of a driving simulator experiment, drivers' behaviour in terms of speed, deceleration, and lateral position on major approaches of rural intersections in relation to different perceptual cues. In the experiment, ten different design conditions with and without speed-reducing treatments along the approach to the intersection were tested. Twenty-three drivers drove a test route two times and data from the second drive were used for comparison. The order of the ten design conditions was counterbalanced for all the drivers to minimize the presentation order effect. Three different data analysis techniques were used: (a) cluster analysis of speed and lateral position data, (b) statistical tests of speed and lateral position data, and (c) categorical analysis of deceleration behaviour patterns. The most effective treatments were the dragon teeth markings (based on the principle of optical road narrowing), the colored intersection area (based on the principle of intersection highlighting), and the raised median island (based on the principle of physical road narrowing). These measures, in comparison to the base intersection, produced: (1) a significant speed reduction starting from 250 m before the intersection in the range between 13 and 23 km/h, (2) a significant change in the deceleration behaviour with a reduction in the proportion of drivers which did not decelerate, and (3) a shift away from the intersection of the deceleration beginning. Given the significant effects on drivers' behaviour, the dragon teeth markings, the colored intersection area, and the raised median island are strongly recommended for real world implementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Engineering "Luigi Tocchetti" - University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: alfonso.montella@unina.it.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics - University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: aria@unina.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aria
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics - University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: antdambr@unina.it.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Engineering "Luigi Tocchetti" - University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.galante@unina.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.affiliation: Department of Transportation Engineering "Luigi Tocchetti" - University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: filomena.mauriello@unina.it.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mauriello
authors.affiliation: Second University of Naples, Italy. Electronic address: pernetti@unina.it.
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pernetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001519:Behavior; D032763:Behavior Control; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003463:Cues; D003654:Deceleration; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population