title: Antiproliferative activity and standardization of Tecomella undulata bark extract on K562 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The bark of Tecomella undulata is primarily used in the treatment of syphilis, painful swellings and cancer by traditional healers. Also, it is claimed to be useful in treating urinary discharges, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, leukoderma, tumors, liver disorders, gonorrhea, gout and promotes wound healing in Indian traditional system of medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish a scientific validation for the antitumor effects of Tecomella undulata bark and explore the mechanistic pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. The study was further extended to standardize the extract using quercetin as biomarker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Induction of apoptosis by chloroform extract of Tecomella undulata bark (CTUB) was determined by MTT, Annexin V and caspase activation assays. The cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometer and nuclear staining by DAPI. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC method under PDA detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results clearly showed the induction of apoptosis by CTUB in K562 cells. The effect was found to be dose dependent, having IC(50) of 30 μg/ml with activation of FAS, FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3/7 and fragmentation of DNA. The bioactive CTUB was determined to possess 0.03% (w/w) of quercetin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation clearly demonstrated the potential antitumor effect of CTUB, thereby validating the traditional claim. Quercetin, known to have anticancer activity is being reported and quantified for the first time from the bark of Tecomella undulata.
authors.affiliation: G Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad 500 028, AP, India. ravi_alvala@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Alvala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallika
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sama
authors.forename: A Sajeli
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: Rukaiyya S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: B Madhava
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000592:standards; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D029402:Bignoniaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000473:pathology*; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000592:standards; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C505533:FADD protein, human; C491901:FAS protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019014:fas Receptor; D011794:Quercetin; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D053181:Caspase 8