title: Development of an itraconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation for pulmonary application.
abstract: Itraconazole-loaded NLC for pulmonary application were developed. In Precirol ATO 5 and oleic acid Itraconazole had the highest solubility. The solid lipid and the oil were mixable in a ratio 9:1 possessing a melting point above body temperature. 0.4% Itraconazole was dissolved in this lipid blend. Eumulgin SLM 20 was the stabilizer with the highest affinity to the lipid blend used as particle matrix. 2.5% Eumulgin SLM 20 was sufficient to obtain NLC with a narrow particle size distribution and sufficient stability. The tonicity of the formulation was adjusted with glycerol. Sterility was obtained by autoclaving. Neither the addition of glycerol nor autoclaving had an influence on the particle size and the zeta potential of Itraconazole-loaded NLC. SEM images showed spherical particles confirming the particle size measured by light scattering techniques. An entrapment efficiency of 98.78% was achieved. Burst release of Itraconazole from the developed carrier system was found. Itraconazole-loaded NLC possessed good storage stability. Nebulizing Itraconazole-loaded NLC with a jet stream and an ultrasonic nebulizer had no influence on the particle size and the entrapment efficiency of Itraconazole in the particle matrix, being a precondition for pulmonary application.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria. jana.pardeike@uni-graz.at
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pardeike
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zarfl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Plank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmer
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D013242:Sterilization; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004075:Diglycerides; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D008055:Lipids; D019301:Oleic Acid; D017964:Itraconazole; C009032:precirol