title: Pumping energy and charge by hybrid tunnel junctions.
abstract: Following the outline of my talk at LT25 I give a brief review of hybrid tunnel junctions as electronic refrigerators and as single-electron sources.
authors.affiliation: Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 3500, 02015 TKK, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pekola