title: Effects of robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation on daily function and real-world arm activity in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcome of robot-assisted therapy with dose-matched active control therapy by using accelerometers to study functional recovery in chronic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke units in three medical centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients post stroke for a mean of 22 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Robot-assisted therapy (n = 10) or dose-matched active control therapy (n = 10). All patients received either of these two therapies for 90-105 minutes each day, 5 days per week, for four weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures included arm activity ratio (the ratio of mean activity between the impaired and unimpaired arm) and scores on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale, Functional Independence Measure, Motor Activity Log and ABILHAND questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The robot-assisted therapy group significantly increased motor function, hemiplegic arm activity and bilateral arm coordination (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale: 51.20 ± 8.82, P = 0.002; mean arm activity ratio: 0.76 ± 0.10, P = 0.026; ABILHAND questionnaire: 1.24 ± 0.28, P = 0.043) compared with the dose-matched active control group (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale: 40.90 ± 13.14; mean arm movement ratio: 0.69 ± 0.11; ABILHAND questionnaire: 0.95 ± 0.43).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symmetrical and bilateral robotic practice, combined with functional task training, can significantly improve motor function, arm activity, and self-perceived bilateral arm ability in patients late after stroke.
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ching-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Keh-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wan-Ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012016:Reference Values; D012371:Robotics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*