title: Epidemiology, control and management of an EBHS outbreak in captive hares.
abstract: Here we describe an outbreak of European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) in a captive hare population. The EBHS outbreak occurred in March 2009, at the beginning of the breeding season. Overall mortality was 53% out of an original population of 61 animals. Animals between five and eleven months showed a significantly higher mortality rate than other age classes. Pregnant females either aborted their foetuses and survived or died pregnant. All foetuses (n=10) of the pregnant hares were PCR positive for EBHSV. Only one offspring born during the outbreak survived. Shortly after the outbreak, the surviving hares developed a specific anti-EBHSV titre between 1:80 and 1:2560, which dropped to 1:10-1:160 nine months later. Hares between one and three years of age developed a significantly higher titre than hares younger than one year or older than four years. Offspring born after the outbreak showed a lower titre of 1:10, indicating passive antibody transfer via placenta and milk. After two months, the titre was not detectable any longer. In December 2009, the captive population was vaccinated against EBHS virus with inactivated virus prepared from the organs of infected hares. The titres after the first vaccination ranged from 1:10 to 1:640, and after the second vaccination from 1:10 to 1:320. To estimate the effect of EBHS on reproduction, we compared the breeding seasons 2008 and 2009. Several possible sources of infection of the colony are discussed, but the definite cause could not be determined.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred Kowalke-Strasse 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. drews@izw-berlin.de
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drews
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Szentiks
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roellig
authors.forename: Joerns
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fickel
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavazza
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goeritz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D034621:Hares / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D029321:Lagovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014611:Vaccination; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines