title: Parenting behavior, child functioning, and health behaviors in preadolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of critical parenting behaviors with preadolescent reported depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 84 youth with T1D, ages 9-11 years, completed the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist, Child Depression Inventory, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes scale, and Self-Care Inventory during a baseline assessment for a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to promote adherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preadolescents who reported more critical parenting behaviors reported more depressive symptoms and lower self-efficacy. The relationship between critical parenting and self-efficacy was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. In a second model, depressive symptoms were associated with lower self-efficacy and fewer self-care behaviors. The relationship between depressive symptoms and self-care was fully mediated by self-efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Critical parenting behaviors are associated with preadolescents' psychological well-being, which has implications for self-care. Clinical implications include decreasing critical parenting behaviors and monitoring preadolescents with T1D for depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Eleanor Race
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Streisand
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy