title: Remove airway ultraflex stents by flexible bronchoscope.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite removal of airway metallic stents by rigid bronchoscope was presented, there are few reports describing such removal by flexible bronchoscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 patients who had airway Ultraflex stents removed by flexible bronchoscope from 2002 to 2009 were reviewed. Factors contributing to removal method and complications during and after removal were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 36 patients with stent extraction; 17 stents (47.2%) were removed by a single procedure and 19 (52.8%) by multiple procedures. There was no mortality or severe morbidity during or after stent removal. There were 21 complications after stent removal, including retained stent pieces (n = 9), mucosal tear with bleeding (n = 5), and re-obstruction requiring silicone stent placement (n = 7). Stent indwelling time >10 months (adjusted odds ratio: 9.5; 95% confidence interval: 7.9-11.1, P=0.01), obstructive granulation tissue formation before stent removal (adjusted odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 2.2-8.6, P=0.01), and stent fracture before removal (adjusted odds ratio: 3.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-15.4, P=0.04) were independent predictors of the need for multiple procedures for stent removal. Stent indwelling time >10 months (adjusted odds ratio: 4.2; 95% confidence interval: 2.1-8.9, P=0.01), obstructive granulation tissue formation before stent removal (adjusted odds ratio: 16.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-49.6, P=0.01), and multiple procedures required for removal (adjusted odds ratio: 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-43.5, P=0.04) were independent predictors of removal complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A flexible bronchoscope can be used to remove stents in patients with central airway obstruction and stent-related complications. This procedure should be performed in centers with experienced multidisciplinary teams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fu-Tsai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Guan-Yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Hao-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Teng
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chih-Hsi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Shu-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Han-Pin
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D020878:Device Removal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018583:Pliability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome