title: Chemical composition, angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activity and antioxidant activities of few-flower wild rice (Zizania latifolia Turcz.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chemical compositions of the stem and leaf sheath of few-flower wild rice were analysed. In addition, their extracts were evaluated for diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity, since these are important properties of sources of nutraceuticals or functional foods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stems contained more ascorbic acid (0.06 g kg(-1) fresh weight), protein (28.18 g kg(-1) dry weight (DW)), reducing sugars (308.54 g kg(-1) DW), water-soluble pectin (20.63 g kg(-1) DW), Na(2) CO(3) -soluble pectin (44.14 g kg(-1) DW), K (8 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM), S (6 g kg(-1) DM) and P (5 g kg(-1) DM) but less starch, total dietary fibre, Si, Na and Ca than the leaf sheaths. The DPPH free radical-scavenging IC(50) values of the stem and leaf sheath extracts were 19.28 and 21.22 mg mL(-1) respectively. In addition, the ACE-inhibitory IC(50) value of the stem extracts was 38.54 mg mL(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the stem and leaf sheath extracts exhibited good antioxidant properties, while good ACE-inhibitory activity was detected only in the phosphate buffer solution extracts of the stem. Few-flower wild rice could be processed into formula feeds for fish, poultry, etc. or functional foods for persons with high blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Bingjun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Linkui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Hongshun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yongpei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ping
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D035264:Flowers; D055951:Functional Food; D006801:Humans; D012275:Oryza; D010368:Pectins / Q000032:analysis; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014131:Trace Elements; D010368:Pectins; D013213:Starch; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D001205:Ascorbic Acid