title: A dosimetry study of the Oncoseed 6711 using glass rod dosimeters and EGS5 Monte Carlo code in a geometry lacking radiation equilibrium scatter conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop a dose calculation method which is applicable to the interseed attenuation and the geometry lacking the equilibrium radiation scatter conditions in brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dose obtained from measurement with a radiophotoluminescent glass rod dosimeter (GRD) was compared to the dose calculated with the Monte Carlo (MC) code "EGS5," using the 125I source structure detailed in by Kennedy et al. The GRDs were irradiated with 125I Oncoseed 6711 in a human head phantom. The phantom was a cylinder made of 2 mm thick PMMA with a diameter of 18 cm and length of 16 cm. Some of the GRD positions were so close to the phantom surface that the backscatter margin was less than 5 cm, insufficient for photons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EGS5 simulations were found to reproduce the relative dose distributions as measured with the GRDs to within 25% uncertainty in the geometry lacking the equilibrium radiation scatter conditions. The absolute value of the GRD measurement agreed with the American Association of Physicist in Medicine Task Group No 43 Updated Protocol (AAPM-TG43U1) formalism to within 3% of the reference point (r = 1 cm, theta = 90 degrees), where the TG43U1 is especially reliable because of the abundant data accumulation in composing the formalism. The factor to normalize the measured or calculated dose to the TG43U1 estimate at the reference point was evaluated to be 0.97 for the GRD measurement and 1.8 for the MC calculation, which uses the integration of the apparent activity with the time as the amount of disintegration during the irradiation. Also, F(r,theta) and g(r) estimated by this calculation method were consistent with those proposed in the TG43U1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this investigation support the validity of both the MC calculation method and GRD measurement in this study as well as the TG-43U1 formalism. Also, this calculation is applicable to interseed attenuation and the geometry lacking the equilibrium radiation scatter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Sapporo Medical University, Nishi 17, Minami 1 Jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan. tanakaken@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tateoka
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamo
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bengua
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hareyama
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation