title: Polypyrrole/graphene composite-coated fiber for the solid-phase microextraction of phenols.
abstract: A polypyrrole (Ppy)/graphene (G) composite was developed and applied as a novel coating for use in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The Ppy/G-coated fiber was prepared by electrochemically polymerizing pyrrole and G on a stainless-steel wire. The extraction efficiency of Ppy/G-coated fiber for five phenols was the highest compared with the fibers coated with either Ppy or Ppy/graphene oxide (GO) using the same method preparation. Significantly, compared with various commercial fibers, the extraction efficiency of Ppy/G-coated fiber is better than or comparable to 85 μm CAR/PDMS fiber (best extraction efficiency of phenol, o-cresol, and m-cresol in commercial fibers) and 85 μm polyacrylate (PA) fiber (best extraction efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-bromophenol in commercial fibers). The effects of extraction and desorption parameters such as extraction time, stirring rate, and desorption temperature and time on the extraction/desorption efficiency were investigated and optimized. The calibration curves were linear from 10 to 1000 μg/L for o-cresol, m-cresol, p-bromophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, and from 50 to 1000 μg/L for phenol. The detection limits were within the range 0.34-3.4 μg/L. The single fiber and fiber-to-fiber reproducibilities were <8.3 (n=7) and 13.3% (n=4), respectively. The recovery of the phenols spiked in natural water samples at 200 μg/L ranged from 74.1 to 103.9% and the relative standard deviations were <3.7%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Xinhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jiaojiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Weici
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jinmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yaqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yiru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen