title: Positive and negative subjective effects of extended-release oxymorphone versus controlled-release oxycodone in recreational opioid users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the subjective effects of oxymorphone extended release (OM-ER) versus oxycodone controlled release (OC-CR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inpatient unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, nondependent recreational opioid users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single intact oral tablets that were placebo or contained OM-ER (15 and 30 mg) or OC-CR (30 and 60 mg). Doses were representative of mid-range doses for chronic pain and were calculated using an established opioid conversion table.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual Analog Scales, Subjective Drug Value (SDV), and Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) measured positive, negative, and balance effects and pupillometry. Equianalgesic comparisons were between OM-ER 15 mg versus OC-CR 30 mg (low doses) and OM-ER 30 mg versus OC-CR 60 mg (high doses).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five subjects received all five treatments. Positive subjective effects were lower for OM-ER 15 mg versus OC-CR 30 mg and for OM-ER 30 mg versus OC-CR 60 mg in ARCI Morphine Benzedrine Group (< or = 0.01 for both), Good Effects (p < 0.001 for both), Rush (p < 0.001 for both), and High VAS (p < 0.001 for both). Nausea was higher with OC-CR (p < or = 0.02), and Bad Effects were higher for OC-CR 60 mg versus OM-ER 30 mg (p < 0.001). Balance effects were lower for OM-ER versus OC-CR (Drug Liking, p < 0.001; Overall Drug Liking, p < or = 0.006; SDV, p < or = 0.008), except for Take Drug Again (p < 0.001 for OC-CR 30 mg versus OM-ER 15 mg; p = 0.18 for high-dose group). Euphoric mood, nausea, somnolence, vomiting, and dizziness were more common with OC-CR than OM-ER.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-dose design; use of healthy, recreational opioid users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At equianalgesic doses, single oral intact OM-ER produced lower positive, negative, and balance subjective effects than OC-CR, indicating that analgesic potency may not necessarily be reflected in subjective/objective effects.
authors.affiliation: Kendle Early Stage, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kerri A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schoedel
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McMorn
authors.forename: Bijan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zerbe
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sellers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D055030:Drug Users; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005059:Euphoria / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010111:Oxymorphone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010111:Oxymorphone; D010098:Oxycodone