title: The inhibition of infection by wound pathogens on scaffold in tissue-forming process using N-acetyl cysteine.
abstract: Prevention of local infection from wound pathogens such as Staphylococci and Streptococci is crucial for tissue regeneration. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, has anti-microbial potential against various species. This in vitro study evaluated whether NAC prevented bacterial infection of gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts on a scaffold. N-acetyl cysteine delayed growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for 12 h in an almost dose-dependent manner (2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mm). The number of rat gingival fibroblasts on collagen scaffolds with bacterial co-incubation was less than 30% of that in cultures without bacterial co-incubation at day 7. However, pre-addition of NAC to the scaffold yielded a number comparable with that in culture without bacteria. Fibroblasts on the scaffold with bacterial co-incubation were small, rounded and filled with bacteria and reactive oxygen species. Pre-addition of NAC, however, resulted in fibroblasts similar to those observed in culture without bacterial co-incubation. N-acetyl cysteine completely prevented devastating suppression of alkaline-phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization in osteoblastic culture on scaffolds with bacterial co-incubation. These results indicate that NAC can functionalize a scaffold with anti-infective capabilities, thus assisting healing of soft and hard tissues.
authors.affiliation: Oral Health Research Center, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan. masayamada@tdc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine