title: Pretreatment CD133 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression as the predictive markers of the pathological effect of chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD133 confers chemoradioresistance properties to cells and has recently been used to identify cancer-initiating cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether the overexpression of CD133 and cyclooxygenase-2 can be used as predictive markers of tumor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the National Defense Medical College Hospital in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 96 patients who underwent a single regimen of preoperative short-term chemoradiotherapy (20 Gy in 5 fractions with 400 mg/day Tegafur/Uracil for 1 week) and radical resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study. We obtained pretreatment biopsy specimens of these patients and immunostained these specimens with antibodies for CD133, cyclooxygenase-2, p53, p27, p21, and epidermal growth factor receptor. The resected primary tumor was evaluated according to 2 different tumor regression grading systems that were based on the degrees of fibrosis and cytological alterations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positivity for CD133 or cyclooxygenase-2 expression was associated with chemoradioresistance, which was determined by the degree of fibrosis, in both univariate (P = .02 and P = .0003) and multivariate (P = .03 and P = .001) analyses. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the degree of cytological alterations also revealed a significant association between chemoradioresistance and the expression of CD133 (P = .005 and P = .003) and cyclooxygenase-2 (P = .005 and P = .03), whereas other markers failed to associate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The information on patients' outcome was not available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed the independent predictive values of CD133 and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions in histological tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan. eiji-c@zf6.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shinto
authors.forename: Yojiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hase
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003113:Colonoscopy; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016015:Logistic Models; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014498:Uracil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D005641:Tegafur; D014498:Uracil; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D066246:ErbB Receptors