title: Viruses exploiting peroxisomes.
abstract: Viruses that are of great importance for global public health, including HIV, influenza and rotavirus, appear to exploit a remarkable organelle, the peroxisome, during intracellular replication in human cells. Peroxisomes are sites of lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, reactive oxygen metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Viral proteins are targeted to peroxisomes (the spike protein of rotavirus) or interact with peroxisomal proteins (HIV's Nef and influenza's NS1) or use the peroxisomal membrane for RNA replication. The Nef interaction correlates strongly with the crucial Nef function of CD4 downregulation. Viral exploitation of peroxisomal lipid metabolism appears likely. Mostly, functional significance and mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recently, peroxisomes were discovered to play a crucial role in the innate immune response by signaling the presence of intracellular virus, leading to the first rapid antiviral response. This review unearths, interprets and connects old data, in the hopes of stimulating new and promising research.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. paul.lazarow@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Lazarow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006678:HIV / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D010170:Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase / Q000378:metabolism; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D036022:Capsid Proteins; C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus; C060339:VP4 protein, Rotavirus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D010170:Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase