title: Gene expression patterns of insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 in human placenta from pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: In this study, we compared insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-gene expression patterns and characteristics of glucose and insulin metabolism in human placenta from pregnancies with or without intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
  
  
  
  We compared 101 human placentas from intrauterine growth restriction pregnancies to those of 140 normal pregnancies treated at our department in a one-year period. We have also assessed the serum glucose and insulin levels of the IUGR and control groups. Several possible predicting factors of IUGR were also investigated.
  
  
  
  Risk for IUGR was suggested by gestational weight gain and gestational increase in maternal body mass index (BMI) as well as maternal birthweight. In pregnancies without IUGR, umbilical cord glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher than in pregnancies with IUGR. In placentas from pregnancies with IUGR an overexpression of the IGF-2 and the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 genes was found. In placentas from pregnancies with male fetal gender we found a significant overexpression of the IGF-2 gene.
  
  
  
  Gestational weight gain and BMI increase seem to predict the development of IUGR. Insulin and carbohydrate metabolism are also impaired in IUGR fetuses. In the placentas from pregnancies with IUGR, IGF-2 is overexpressed reflecting its physiological role in optimizing energy distribution in a low-energy environment.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Börzsönyi
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demendi
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Mónika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Csanád
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pajor
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rig
authors.forename: József Gábor
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Joó
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012744:Sex Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017931:DNA Primers; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II