title: Enhanced nitrosative and oxidative stress with decreased total antioxidant capacity in patients with oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interaction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a crucial determinant in the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and antioxidants protect against cellular and molecular damage caused by these. This study aims to evaluate ROS and RNS, together with the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in serum and tissues of OSCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total nitric oxide (TNO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and TAC were evaluated using a UV visible spectrophotometer in the serum of 30 controls, 30 precancer and 30 OSCC patients and in tissues of 10 controls and 30 OSCC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDA and TNO were significantly elevated with concomitant depletion of TAC in serum and tissues of OSCC patients when compared to controls. A significant positive correlation (p = 0.01), at different levels between TNO and MDA in OSCC patients, was found, which increased with the grade of OSCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in the levels of TNO, NO-mediated lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increase in MDA levels, the positive TNO-MDA correlation with a deranged antioxidant defense system as demonstrated by significantly low levels of TAC; when all these facts are taken together, we can conjecture that oxidative DNA damage, a vital phenomenon for carcinogenesis, occurs due to the interplay of ROS, RNS and TAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, India. kordesheetal@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Sheetal D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Korde
authors.forename: Anjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.forename: Minal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Madhur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vagga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D015538:Nitrosation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde