title: The effects of Mozart's music on the performance of glaucoma patients on automated perimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the Mozart effect on the reliability of the Humphrey visual field (HVF; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) test in subjects with glaucoma. A previous study showed improved reliability in normal subjects undergoing HVF testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty subjects with glaucoma were randomized to three groups: control, headphones, or music for 10 minutes before HVF testing. The headphone group was provided noise-cancellation headphones but no music. The music group listened to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major. After treatment, subjects took an HVF test in both eyes. The reliability of the test was then compared between the groups and also to prior HVF results with regard to fixation losses, false positives, and false negatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of fixation losses did not differ significantly between the three groups (P = 0.30 right eye, P = 0.24 left eye). There were also no significant differences in the rate of false positives (P = 0.82 right eye, P = 0.18 left eye) or false negatives (P = 0.91 right eye, P = 0.97 left eye). The reliability of the subject's HVF result was also compared with past field results. No improvements were seen in fixation losses (P = 0.94 right eye, P = 0.17 left eye), false positives (P = 0.85 right eye, P = 0.38 left eye), and false negatives (P = 0.13 right eye, P = 0.50 left eye).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of fixation losses, false positives, and false negatives did not improve in subjects with glaucoma after they listened to Mozart's music. The Mozart effect did not enhance the reliability of the visual field test to a statistically significant degree (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01027039).
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Service Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. bing.shue@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shue
authors.forename: Ayan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fudemberg
authors.forename: L Jay
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Marlene R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moster
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pro
authors.forename: Courtland
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Spaeth
authors.forename: Oana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stirbu
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000368:Aged; D001307:Auditory Perception; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014794:Visual Fields