title: Survey of dermal protection in Washington State collision repair industry.
abstract: Substantial exposure to isocyanates may occur during spray painting in autobody shops, yet information is lacking on the efficacy of the protective clothing used during spray painting. We investigated the personal and workplace factors associated with painters' dermal protection use during a large-scale exposure assessment study. Survey data indicated that 69% of painters always used gloves, with latex gloves (47%) and nitrile gloves (34%) used most frequently. Among latex glove users, 53% used thin latex (0.05-0.13 mm), 6% used medium latex (0.15-0.20 mm), and 12% used thick latex (> 0.20 mm). Among nitrile glove users, 27% used thin nitrile and 45% used medium nitrile. Sixty-three percent of painters always used coveralls, 44% preferring one particular brand. Although overspray presents an opportunity for dermal exposure to the neck and face, only 19% of painters protected these areas with personal protective equipment. Painters who always used coveralls were more likely to use gloves (odds ratio = 7.9, p = 0.061). Painters who reported ever having smoked cigarettes used gloves (p = 0.05) and coveralls (p = 0.04) more frequently. Painters who sprayed more than 34 clear coat jobs per month used coveralls most frequently (p = 0.038). Exact logistic regressions along with random sample calculations indicated that the survey results were independent of the shops. Because of the small sample size in this study, future research is warranted to corroborate these results. Studying the effectiveness of gloves and coveralls against polyurethane paints and understanding the underlying motivators and preferences for painters and business owners is needed for the development of best practices for the selection and use of dermal protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ceballos
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Fent
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: Linda G T
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomasen
authors.forename: Sheila L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Flack
authors.forename: Leena A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nylander-French
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Yost
authors.forename: Carolyn K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Reeb-Whitaker
mesh_terms: D017575:Gloves, Protective; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010150:Paint; D011481:Protective Clothing; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D017953:Isocyanates