title: IL-1 acts on T cells to enhance the magnitude of in vivo immune responses.
abstract: IL-1 strikingly enhances antigen-driven responses of CD4 and CD8 T cells. It is substantially more effective than LPS and when added to a priming regime of antigen plus LPS, it strikingly enhances cell expansion. The effect is mediated by direct action on CD4 and CD8 T cells; the response occurs when OT-I or OT-II cells are transferred to B6 IL-1R1-/- recipients and only cells that express IL-1 receptors can respond. The major mechanism through which IL-1 enhances responses is by increasing survival of responding cells. IL-1 enhances the proportion of responding CD4 T cells that differentiate into Th17 cells and increases the proportion of responding CD8 cells that express granzyme B. Of a wide range of cytokines tested, only IL-1α and IL-1β mediate this function. The potency of IL-1 as an enhancer of T cell responses suggests that it could act to enhance responses to weak vaccines and that the pathway utilized by IL-1 might be considered in the design of new generations of adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Ben-Sasson
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caucheteux
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crank
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu-Li
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045142:Cross-Priming / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D014612:Vaccines