title: Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by pre-operative CT imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to diagnose microvascular invasion in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from pre-operative CT imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  102 patients with solitary HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy were retrospectively included in our study. The pre-operative 3-phase CT imaging and laboratory data for the 102 patients were reviewed. Tumour size, tumour margin, peritumoral enhancement and α-fetoprotein level were assessed. Surgical pathology was reviewed; tumour differentiation, liver fibrosis score and microvascular invasion were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histopathological results revealed that 50 HCCs were positive and the other 52 were negative for microvascular invasion. Univariate analysis revealed that tumour size (p = 0.036), higher Edmondson-Steiner grade (p = 0.047) and non-smooth tumour margin (p < 0.001) showed statistically significant associations with microvascular invasion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that non-smooth tumour margin had a statistically significant association with microvascular invasion only (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the non-smooth tumour margin in the prediction of microvascular invasion were 66%, 86.5%, 82.5% and 72.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-smooth tumour margin in pre-operative CT had a statistically significant association with microvascular invasion. More aggressive treatment should be considered in HCC patients with suspected positive microvascular invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chang-Hua Christian Hospital, Chang-Hua City, Taiwan. chouchente@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: R-C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C-W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: H-K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*