title: Use of the electroretinogram in a paediatric hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To review the use of electroretinography and identify common reasons for referral and diagnoses at a tertiary paediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and eighteen patients (male 195, female 123) aged <18 years with 388 electroretinograms were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  All electroretinograms performed at the Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane from 1998 to 2005 were reviewed. Normative data and electroretinograms from patients aged ≥18 years were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reasons for referral and diagnoses were determined from each patient's first electroretinogram. Concordance between the first electroretinogram diagnosis and clinical referral was reviewed to determine whether the electroretinogram was normal, inconclusive, confirmed, excluded, or changed the clinical diagnosis or provided a new diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at the time of the first investigation was 3.78 years (range 2.6 weeks to 17.5 years). The most common reasons for referral were nystagmus (n = 93), decreased vision (n = 33) and sensorineural deafness (n = 29). After one electroretinogram, 51% were normal (n = 162) and 15% were inconclusive (n = 49). The most common electroretinography diagnosis was cone rod dystrophy. The first electroretinogram for each patient confirmed the clinical suspicion in 17.6% (n = 56) and excluded it in 23% (n = 73) of cases. The electroretinogram resulted in a changed diagnosis in 0.9% (n = 3) and provided a new diagnosis in 15.1% (n = 48). Overall, the first electroretinogram was considered useful in 85% cases (n = 269).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electroretinography is a valuable investigation for evaluating paediatric eye disease and in this series confirmed, excluded, changed or provided a new diagnosis in 85% of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jayne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Camuglia
authors.forename: Ristan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Glen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gole
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011793:Queensland; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies