title: Effects of sildenafil citrate on torsion/detorsion-induced changes in red blood cell and plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and blood hematology of male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to determine effects of intrapertoneally-administered sildenafil citrate (SC) for prevention testicular injury after unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D) in rats on red blood cell (RBC) and plasma lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and blood hematology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty seven adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: sham operated (group 1), T/D+saline (group 2), T/D+0.7mg SC (group 3) and T/D+1.4mg SC (group 4). Testicular torsion was created by rotating the right testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2h in all the groups, except for group 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that that testicular injury significantly induced erythrocyte reduced glutathion (GSH) (p<0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) in RBC (p<0.01) and plasma (p<0.05) and blood lymphocyte (p<0.01) counts. Administration of low dose SC led to significantly increase in the levels of RBC GSH (p<0.05), plasma paraoxonase (PON1) (p<0.01), nitric oxide (NO) (p<0.01) and blood lymphocyte counts (p<0.01), but to decreases in the levels of MDA in plasma and RBC, blood mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p<0.05) and eosinophil counts (p<0.05). Treatment with high dose SC caused a significantly increase in PON1, vitamin E and β-carotene in plasma, levels of GSH in RBC and blood lymphocyte counts. On the other hand, results showed that high dose sildenafil significantly decreased plasma and RBC MDA levels. Total tissue damage scores of the group 2 were significantly higher than group 1 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low dose SC appears to be beneficial in reducing the effects of injury to the testicular torsion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey. hamityildiz@firat.edu.tr
authors.forename: Hamit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Ali Said
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Durmuş
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Şimşek
authors.forename: İhsan
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Yaman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D005978:Glutathione