title: Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals.
abstract: Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals. Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements. Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers. Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Preetha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zeno
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Deuster