title: The interface of cosmetic medicine and surgery: working from the inside and the outside.
abstract: Minimally invasive or noninvasive procedures account for an overwhelming majority of cosmetic procedures. These procedures include botulinum toxin injections, soft tissue fillers, chemical peel, dermabrasion, and laser hair removal. This article reviews some of the principles involved in these procedures. Plastic surgeons need to be equally familiar with surgical and nonsurgical approaches to cosmetic medicine to provide a complete set of therapeutic options to their patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 3635 Vista Avenue at Grand Boulevard, 3rd Floor North, Desloge Towers, St Louis, MO 63110-0250, USA. Mark_K_Markarian@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Markarian
authors.forename: Raffi V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Hovsepian
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004890:Erythema / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053685:Laser Therapy; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012060:Rejuvenation / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A