title: Intraoperative versus early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy after cytoreduction for colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is used as an adjunct to cytoreductive surgery (CS) for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in order to prolong survival. Worldwide, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC), and combinations of the two are used. It remains unclear which regimen is most beneficial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat colon carcinoma cell line CC-531 was injected into the peritoneal cavity of 80 WAG/Rij rats to induce PC. Animals were randomized into four treatment groups (n = 20): CS only, CS followed by HIPEC (mitomycin 35 mg/m(2) at 41.5°C), CS followed by EPIC during 5 days (i.p. injection of mitomycin on day 1 and 5-fluorouracil on days 2-5), and CS followed by HIPEC plus EPIC. Primary outcome was survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In rats treated with CS only, median survival was 53 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 49-57 days). In rats treated with CS followed by HIPEC, survival was significantly (P = 0.001) increased (median survival 94 days, 95% CI 51-137 days). In the group treated with EPIC after CS, 12 out of 20 rats were still alive at the end of the experiment (P < 0.001 as compared with CS only). In the group receiving both treatments, 11 rats died of toxicity, and therefore this group was not included in the survival analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both EPIC and HIPEC were effective in prolonging survival. The beneficial effect of EPIC on survival seemed to be more pronounced than that of HIPEC. Further research is indicated to evaluate and compare the possible benefits and adverse effects associated with both treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Michelangelolaan 2, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. yvonne.klaver@catharina-ziekenhuis.nl
authors.forename: Yvonne L B
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Klaver
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Roger M L M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lomme
authors.forename: Harm J T
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bleichrodt
authors.forename: Ignace H J T
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Hingh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil