title: The impact of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rates and device programming on shocks in 106,513 ICD and CRT-D patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between shocks, device programming, and atrial fibrillation (AF) with a rapid ventricular rate (AF + RVR) using continuous daily monitoring has not been studied in large number of patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this analysis was to determine the impact of ICD programming and ventricular rate control during AF on ICD shocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational cohort analysis was performed with dual-chamber ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator devices. The primary endpoint was spontaneous all-cause shocked episodes per 100 patient-years. Shock reduction programming strategies were entered into a multivariable model including slowest ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) detection threshold, number of intervals to detect VF (NID), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) discriminators ON, antitachycardia pacing (ATP) ON for fast VTs (FVTs) and AF + RVR (AF ≥1 hour for ≥1 day with average ≥110 beats per minute). We also characterized the predictive ability of AF + RVR to identify patients at risk of subsequent shocks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 106,513 patients at 2858 institutions, with 2.5 ± 1.4 years of follow-up, 75% being male, age 67 ± 12 years, 59% with dual-chamber ICDs, and 11% with AF + RVR. A total of 22,062 patients (21%) received 82,396 shocks. After adjusting for all variables, AF + RVR, slower VT/VF detection threshold, and shorter VF NID were found to be associated with more shocks (P < .05 for all). Continuous monitoring of AF + RVR identified patients at up to 5-fold increased risk of shocks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Faster VT/VF detection thresholds, longer detection durations, use of SVT discriminators, and delivery of ATP reduces all-cause ICD shocks. Continuous monitoring of AF + RVR identifies patients at the highest risk of future ICD shocks.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA. avi.fischer@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ousdigian
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gillberg
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wilkoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*