title: High-speed AFM of human chromosomes in liquid.
abstract: Further developments of the previously reported high-speed contact-mode AFM are described. The technique is applied to the imaging of human chromosomes at video rate both in air and in water. These are the largest structures to have been imaged with high-speed AFM and the first imaging in liquid to be reported. A possible mechanism that allows such high-speed contact-mode imaging without significant damage to the sample is discussed in the context of the velocity dependence of the measured lateral force on the AFM tip.
authors.affiliation: H H Wills Physics Laboratory and IRC in Nanotechnology, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Picco
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Dunton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ulcinas
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Engledew
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiki
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miles