title: [Haemorrhoidal disease: from pathophysiology to clinical presentation].
abstract: Hemorrhoidal disease is the first cause of proctological consultation although epidemiology is poorly documented. Pathophysiology is complex and involves a fragmentation of supporting tissues as well as vascular changes with hypervascularization and/or impaired venous return. The only complication of external hemorrhoids is thrombosis, which is responsible for acute anal pain irrespective of bowel movements. Internal hemorrhoids most frequently cause prolapse and/or bleeding which is easily recognizable. Physical examination always confirms the diagnosis and a colonoscopy is required after 40 or 45 in order to rule out colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Henri-Mondor, service de gastroentérologie, Créteil, France. jdzeitoun@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Jean-David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zeitoun
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Parades
mesh_terms: D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans