title: How flat is an air-cleaved mica surface?
abstract: Muscovite mica is an important mineral that has become a standard substrate, due to its easy cleavage along the {001} planes, revealing a very flat surface that is compatible with many biological materials. Here we study mica surfaces by dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) operated in the non-contact mode (NC-AFM) under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Surfaces produced by cleaving in UHV cannot be imaged with NC-AFM due to large surface charges; however, cleavage in air yields much less surface charge and allows for NC-AFM imaging. We present highly resolved NC-AFM images of air-cleaved mica surfaces revealing a rough morphology originating from a high density of nanometre-sized particles. Among these particles, we find regularly shaped structures indicating the growth of crystallites on the surface. The contamination layer cannot be removed by degassing in UHV; even prolonged heating at a temperature of 560 K under UHV conditions does not yield an atomically flat surface.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ostendorf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kühnle
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kolodziej
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reichling