title: Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of his study was to compare the efficacy of pioglitazone with metformin on the reduction of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is).
  
  
  METHODS
  The open-label, randomized trial was performed in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria. On the basis of the treatment with RAS-Is, 68 patients with microalbuminuria received either pioglitazone (15-30 mg/day; n = 32) or metformin (500-750 mg/day; n = 31) for 52 weeks. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured every 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 52 weeks of treatment, the changes in the log-UACR from baseline were -8.3% in the pioglitazone group and +4.2% in the metformin group (p = 0.01), with similar glycemic and blood pressure changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of pioglitazone and RAS-Is showed therapeutic benefit in the reduction of urinary albumin excretion for type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Red Cross Hospital, Akebono 1-1, Asahikawa 070-8530, Japan. morikawa@asahikawa-rch.gr.jp
authors.forename: Akizuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Kanaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizeki
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwashima
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haneda
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone