title: Camelina meal and crude glycerin as feed supplements for developing replacement beef heifers.
abstract: Angus × Gelbvieh rotationally crossbred yearling heifers (n = 99, yr 1; n = 105, yr 2) were used in a 2-yr randomized complete block design experiment with repeated measures to determine the effect of feeding camelina biodiesel coproducts (meal and crude glycerin) on serum concentrations of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, and glucose, as well as on growth and reproductive performance. Heifers were assigned to 1 of 15 pens, and pens were assigned initially to receive 7.03 k·•heifer(-1)·d(-1) of bromegrass hay plus 0.95 kg·heifer(-1)·d(-1) of 1 of 3 supplements for 60 d before breeding: 1) control (50% ground corn and 50% soybean meal, as-fed basis); 2) mechanically extracted camelina meal; or 3) crude glycerin (50% soybean meal, 33% ground corn, 15% crude glycerin, 2% corn gluten meal; as-fed basis). Preprandial blood samples were collected via the jugular vein on d 0, 30, and 60 of the feeding period. A 2-injection PGF(2α) protocol (d 60 and 70 of the study) was used to synchronize estrus. Heifers were artificially inseminated 12 h after estrus was first detected. Heifers not detected in estrus within 66 h received a GnRH injection and were artificially inseminated. Dietary treatment × sampling period interactions were not detected (P = 0.17 to 0.87). Dietary treatment did not affect BW (P = 0.44 to 0.59) or serum concentrations of thyroxine (P = 0.96), β-hydroxybutyrate (P = 0.46), glucose (P = 0.59), or insulin (P = 0.44). Serum concentrations of triiodothyronine were greater (P = 0.05) in heifers fed camelina meal. Additionally, dietary treatment did not affect the percentage of heifers detected in estrus before timed AI (P = 0.83), first-service pregnancy rates of those heifers detected in estrus (P = 0.97), or overall first-service pregnancy rates (P = 0.58). Heifers fed camelina meal, however, had greater (P = 0.05) first-service pregnancy rates to timed AI than did heifers fed the control and crude glycerin supplements. The cost per pregnancy was similar for heifers fed the crude glycerin or the control supplement, whereas the cost per pregnancy was the least for heifers fed camelina meal. We conclude that camelina coproducts can replace conventional corn-soybean meal supplements in the diets of developing replacement beef heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moriel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nayigihugu
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Cappellozza
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krall
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foulke
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cammack
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D005990:Glycerol; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid