title: The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dysmotility, nausea and vomiting are common among children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to evaluate influence of protein composition on rate of gastric emptying and study the relation between gastric emptying and postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 children with cerebral palsy, using gastrostomy, received four liquid test meals on separate days in random order. The meals contained a standard carbohydrate and fat base plus one of four protein modules (100% casein (A), hydrolysed whey (B), amino acids (C) and 40% casein/60% whey (D)) with a total energy of 1 kcal/ml. The (13)C octanoic acid breath test was applied to assess gastric emptying.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing half emptying time (T(1/2)) of the fast emptying meals (meal B, C and D) with the slowest emptying meal (meal A), more rapid emptying was demonstrated for meal D (p < 0.001). For meal D, emptying was significantly faster in children with postprandial symptoms than in those without (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with cerebral palsy using gastrostomy, gastric emptying is influenced by type of protein in the meal. The present results also suggest that there is a relation between rapid gastric emptying and postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: UUSKBK 28200706.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Department, Vestfold Hospital, N-3103 Tønsberg, Norway. acbrun@gmail.com
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: Ketil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Størdal
authors.forename: Groa B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Johannesdottir
authors.forename: Beint S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bentsen
authors.forename: Asle W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Medhus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D002210:Caprylates / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; C031492:octanoic acid