title: The translocation of fullerenic nanoparticles into lysosome via the pathway of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
abstract: Manufactured fullerene nanoparticles easily enter into cells and hence have been rapidly developed for biomedical uses. However, it is generally unknown which route the nanoparticles undergo when crossing cell membranes and where they localize to the intracellular compartments. Herein we have used both microscopic imaging and biological techniques to explore the processes of [C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2)](n) nanoparticles across cellular membranes and their intracellular translocation in 3T3 L1 and RH-35 living cells. The fullerene nanoparticles are quickly internalized by the cells and then routed to the cytoplasm with punctate localization. Upon entering the cell, they are synchronized to lysosome-like vesicles. The [C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2)](n) nanoparticles entering cells are mainly via endocytosis with time-, temperature- and energy-dependent manners. The cellular uptake of [C(60)(C(COOH)(2))(2)](n) nanoparticles was found to be clathrin-mediated but not caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The endocytosis mechanism and the subcellular target location provide key information for the better understanding and predicting of the biomedical function of fullerene nanoparticles inside cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Bio-Environmental Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of China & Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Road 19B, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
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authors.forename: Chunying
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authors.forename: Chang
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authors.forename: Taotao
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authors.forename: Yuliang
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authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fang
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authors.forename: Zhen
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authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhifang
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authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Xujia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fuyu
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authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dong
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authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xianhua
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authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yingge
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang