title: Simultaneous postprandial deregulation of the orexigenic endocannabinoid anandamide and the anorexigenic peptide YY in obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endocannabinoid system is a potential pharmacotherapy target for obesity. However, the role of this system in human food intake regulation is currently unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test whether circulating endocannabinoids might functionally respond to food intake and verify whether these orexigenic signals are deregulated in obesity alongside with anorexigenic ones, we measured plasma anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and peptide YY (PYY) changes in response to a meal in 12 normal-weight and 12 non-diabetic, insulin-resistant obese individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both normal-weight and obese subjects had a significant preprandial AEA peak. Postprandially, AEA levels significantly decreased in normal-weight, whereas no significant changes were observed in obese subjects. Similarly, PYY levels significantly increased in normal-weight subjects only. No meal-related changes were found for 2-AG. Postprandial AEA and PYY changes inversely correlated with waist circumference, and independently explained 20.7 and 21.3% of waist variance. Multiple regression analysis showed that postprandial AEA and PYY changes explained 34% of waist variance, with 8.2% of the variance commonly explained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that AEA might be a physiological meal initiator in humans and furthermore show that postprandially AEA and PYY are concomitantly deregulated in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Group Energy Balance and Obesity, INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gatta-Cherifi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matias
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vallée
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabarin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marsicano
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000097:blood*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005260:Female; D005989:Glycerides / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000097:blood*; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D019894:Peptide YY; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; C078814:anandamide