title: Current concepts in the management of opioid-induced constipation: a perfect review with an imperfect concept.
authors.forename: Xiulu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D054368:Laxatives; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D054368:Laxatives; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C032257:methylnaltrexone; D009271:Naltrexone; C419502:alvimopan; D008691:Methadone