title: The Turkish Hereditary Angioedema Pilot Study (TURHAPS): the first Turkish series of hereditary angioedema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No published data presently exist concerning hereditary angioedema (HAE) in Turkey. The aim of the study was to initiate a preliminary multicentric evaluation about HAE and to determine the genetic properties of Turkish patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on records drawn from four medical centers we identified a total of 70 subjects, belonging to 60 unrelated families, fulfilling clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis of HAE with C1 inhibitor deficiency. Ten type I patients, and their first-degree relatives, underwent genetic analysis for HAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients were female (60%), the mean age was 37.7 ± 14.1 years. The mean age at the time of first angioedema symptom was 12.5 ± 9.2 years. Mean time lag between first symptom and diagnosis was 26 ± 14.4 years. All but 3 subjects had HAE type I. Family history of angioedema was present in 75.7% of the cases. Cutaneous swelling was reported by 87.1% of the patients, facial edema by 65%, abdominal symptoms by 74.3% and approximately one half (55.7%) had experienced one or more laryngeal attack. Genetic analysis of 10 families demonstrated that 5 carried a mutation that had never been previously described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the clinical features of Turkish HAE patients were consistent with previously described patterns of this rare disease. The most noteworthy feature identified in the study was a significantly long duration between the first symptom appearance and final diagnosis. Our detection of different mutations in 10 patients confirms the allelic heterogeneity of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Şişli Etfal Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Belgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kesim
authors.forename: Zehra Oya
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Uyguner
authors.forename: Aslı
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelincik
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mete Gökmen
authors.forename: Aytül Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Sin
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karakaya
authors.forename: Füsun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdenen
authors.forename: Omür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ardeniz
authors.forename: Ferhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozşeker
authors.forename: Okan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gülbahar
authors.forename: Bahattin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colakoğlu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dal
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Büyüköztürk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054179:Angioedemas, Hereditary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003174:Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins