title: Radiation protection of staff in 111In radionuclide therapy--is the lead apron shielding effective?
abstract: (111)In (Eγ = 171-245 keV, t1/2 = 2.83 d) is used for targeted therapies of endocrine tumours. An average activity of 6.3 GBq is injected into the liver by catheterisation of the hepatic artery. This procedure is time-consuming (4-5 min) and as a result, both the physicians and the technical staff involved are subjected to radiation exposure. In this research, the efficiency of the use of lead apron has been studied as far as the radiation protection of the working staff is concerned. A solution of (111)In in a cylindrical scattering phantom was used as a source. Close to the scattering phantom, an anthropomorphic male Alderson RANDO phantom was positioned. Thermoluminescent dosemeters were located in triplets on the front surface, in the exit and in various depths in the 26th slice of the RANDO phantom. The experiment was repeated by covering the RANDO phantom by a lead apron 0.25 mm Pb equivalent. The unshielded dose rates and the shielded photon dose rates were measured. Calculations of dose rates by Monte Carlo N-particle transport code were compared with this study's measurements. A significant reduction of 65 % on surface dose was observed when using lead apron. A decrease of 30 % in the mean absorbed dose among the different depths of the 26th slice of the RANDO phantom has also been noticed. An accurate correlation of the experimental results with Monte Carlo simulation has been achieved.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Unit, A' Radiology Department,  University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens 11528,  Greece.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charalambatou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotiropoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diamantopoulos
mesh_terms: D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007854:Lead; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry; D014915:Whole-Body Counting
chemical_list: D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007854:Lead