title: Serum uric acid level and its association with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate whether elevated serum uric acid concentrations are associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey in Shanghai, with a total of 395 men and 631 women age 41 to 92 years. The carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid atherosclerotic plaques (PLQ) were measured by B-mode ultrasound. MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Uric acid levels were negatively associated with duration of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, glycohemoglobin, eGFR, HDL-cholesterol (all P < 0.001) and positively with BMI, CRP, waist circumference, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, ACR, HOMA-IR and IMT (all P < 0.05). In the highest quartile of uric acid levels, the risks were substantially higher for MetS [odds ratio 3.97, (95% confidence interval 2.58-6.13)] (P < 0.001 for trend) and PLQ [odds ratio 2.71 (95% confidence interval 1.62-4.47)] (p = 0.013 for trend) compared with that in the lowest quartile of uric acid levels after multiple adjustment. These associations remained significant after further adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum uric acid level is associated with MetS and is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of endocrinology and diabetology, Huashan hospital, Shanghai medical college, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhaoyun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Renming
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid