title: Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator/urokinase-type plasminogen             activator receptor and maspin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Association with             mode of invasion and clinicopathological factors.
abstract: It is well documented that the binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator             (uPA) to its receptor (uPAR), which has been implicated in cancer invasion and             metastasis, is regulated by several inhibitors such as maspin. In this study,             we investigated the interrelationship between clinicopathologic findings and expression             of uPA, uPAR and maspin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to elucidate the             participation of maspin in the uPA/uPAR system in the malignant behavior of OSCC.             Using immunohistochemical techniques to examine the expression levels of uPA,             uPAR and maspin in 54 cases of OSCC, we also compared the clinicopathologic features             of OSCC with the expression levels of each. Moreover, we examined the expression             of uPA, uPAR and maspin in six cell lines derived from OSCC using reverse transcriptase-polymerase             chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. uPA and uPAR showed a positive correlation             with the mode of cancer invasion; conversely maspin showed a negative correlation             with the mode of invasion. Multivariate analysis revealed that only two factors             (N-category and uPA+/uPAR+/maspin- expression pattern) were significant and independent             variables with relative risks of 3.84 and 2.52, respectively. In particular, tumors             exhibiting an expression pattern of uPA+/uPAR+/maspin- were highly malignant and             were associated with the worst survival rate (5-year overall survival rate, 29.4%),             while tumors with an expression pattern, uPA-/uPAR-/Μaspin+, showed the most favorable             survival rate (5-year overall survival rate, 77.8%). In vitro, lower expression             of maspin was also noted in the cell lines derived from grade 4D OSCC, which exhibited             a stronger invasive potential than the cells lines derived from the other grades             of OSCC, while uPA and uPAR demonstrated an expression trend opposite to maspin.             These results indicate that uPA, uPAR and maspin expression patterns may be useful             markers for evaluating the clinical course or prognosis of OSCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan. yoshizawa@oral.m.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Koroku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Natsuyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawashiri
authors.forename: Etsuhide
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C085344:SERPIN-B5; D015843:Serpins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator