title: Growing bacteria shed elicitors of Drosophila humoral immunity.
abstract: It has been much debated how the Drosophila immune system can recognize bacterial peptidoglycan that is often hidden. We show that bacteria separated from Drosophila S2 cells by a semipermeable membrane can upregulate the Imd pathway. Supernatants from exponentially growing but not from stationary-phase bacterial cultures induce antimicrobial peptides. It is also made likely that the shed elicitors are of peptidoglycan nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oldenvi
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fahlander
authors.forename: Anusara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daenthanasanmak
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D029721:Drosophila Proteins