title: High temperature-high efficiency liquid chromatography using sub-2 μm coupled columns for the analysis of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and veterinary antibiotics in environmental samples.
abstract: A high efficiency HPLC method was developed by coupling three sub-2 μm columns in series and operating them at high temperature for the separation of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and veterinary antibiotics in environmental samples. The separation was performed at 80°C to reduce the solvent viscosity, thus reducing the column backpressure. The chromatographic performance of high temperature-extended column length HPLC method was used to determine the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and veterinary antibiotics such as sulphonamides in wastewater samples. The method could simultaneously determine 24 pharmaceuticals in short analysis time with high efficiency. The method involved pre-concentration and clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB extraction cartridges. It was validated based on linearity, precision, detection and quantification limits, selectivity and accuracy. Good recoveries were obtained for all analytes ranging from 72.7% to 98.2% with standard deviations not higher than 6%, except for acetaminophen and acetyl salicylic acid, for which low recovery was obtained. The detection limits of the studied pharmaceuticals ranged from 2 to 16 μg L(-1), while limits of quantification were in the range from 7 to 54 μg L(-1) with UV detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Heba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Górecki
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical