title: Inflammatory effect of advanced glycation end products on human meniscal cells from osteoarthritic knees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inflammatory effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) through the receptor for AGE in meniscal cells from osteoarthritic knees, and examine effects of hyaluronan (HA) on AGE-induced inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meniscal cells from human osteoarthritic knees were cultured with or without glycolaldehyde-AGE-bovine serum albumin and 800 kDa HA. The amount of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) protein was determined using an enzyme immunoassay system. Expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, membrane associated prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 and cytosolic PGES (cPGES) was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGE(2) synthesis was significantly increased by AGEs, and AGE-induced PGE(2) production was attenuated by addition of HA. While COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression was significantly upregulated by AGEs, COX-1 and cPGES expression was not affected by AGE. AGE-stimulated COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression was attenuated by HA through CD44 (HA receptor). However, the changes in COX-1 and cPGES expression were almost negligible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In meniscal cells from osteoarthritic knees, AGEs increased the production of inflammatory mediators, including PGE(2), COX-2 and mPGES-1. Furthermore, HA could decrease AGE-induced production of PGE(2), COX-2 and mPGES-1 through CD44.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan. hirahide@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraiwa
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omachi
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Motoshige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C000605862:PTGES protein, human; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone