title: Reported antiplatelet use influences long-term outcome independently in deep intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have focused on antiplatelet (AP) use in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. Several outcome predictors have been debated, but influences on mortality and outcome still remain controversial, especially for different ICH locations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the characteristics and functional outcome of ICH patients with reported regular AP use according to hemorrhage locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective analysis included 210 consecutive spontaneous ICH patients. Clinical data including the preadmission status, initial presentation, neuroradiological data, treatment, and outcome were evaluated. Analyses were calculated for AP use vs non-AP use according to hematoma locations, and multivariate models were calculated for hematoma expansion and unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale = 4-6) long-term functional outcome (at 1 year).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all AP users ICH volume was significantly larger, 27.7 mL (interquartile range 7.4-66.1) vs 16.8 mL (interquartile range 4.2-44.7); (P = .032). Analyses showed an increased mortality for AP users at 90 days and 1 year (P = .036; P = .008). Multivariately, for all ICH patients, prior AP use was independently associated with hematoma expansion (odds ratio [OR] 3.61; P = .026) and poorer functional outcome at 1 year (OR 3.82, P = .035). In deep ICH patients, AP use was an independent predictor of an unfavorable functional outcome at 1 year (OR 4.75, P = .048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hematoma expansion and more frequent unfavorable long-term functional outcome were independently associated with prior AP use for all patients, and in deep ICH patients AP use was an independent predictor of an unfavorable long-term functional outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. Joji.Kuramatsu@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Joji B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kuramatsu
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauer
authors.forename: Ines-Christine
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kiphuth
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lücking
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kloska
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köhrmann
authors.forename: Hagen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Huttner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors