title: Do sand blasted with large grit and acid etched surface treated mini-implants remain stationary under orthodontic forces?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the positional stability of sand blasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) surface-treated mini-implants (C-implants) used as the exclusive source of anchorage during en masse retraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective clinical investigation was performed comparing pretreatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with those taken after en masse retraction of the six anterior teeth. Force was applied to 16 C-implants (1.8 mm in diameter, 8.5 mm in length) placed between the upper second premolars and first molars. Three-dimensional superimposition of CBCT data using mutual information was used to evaluate the positional difference of C-implants between preretraction and postretraction CBCT data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in mini-implant position between the preretraction and postretraction CBCT evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SLA-coated C-implant provides stationary anchorage as well as stable anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. bravortho@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Seong-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyu-Rhim
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000601:surgery; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D019415:Torque; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants