title: Candida species isolated from urban bats of Londrina-Paraná, Brazil and their potential virulence.
abstract: The aim of this study was to isolate yeasts from the faeces of urban bats inhabiting the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil and to determine their potential virulence attributes. Seven (12.3%) of 57 bats screened in this study showed yeasts in their faeces. Five species of the genus Candida were isolated: C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, and C. pelliculosa. No phospholipase activity was detected in the egg yolk plate assay; however, all isolates demonstrated protease secretion in skim milk agar. Yeasts isolated from bats produced biofilm on the surface of polystyrene plates and all were classified as intermediate biofilm producers. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for fluconazole in the yeasts varied according to the species. Only one isolate (M34 - C. lusitaniae) was considered susceptible dose-dependent to fluconazole. The yeasts were injected intravenously into Swiss mice, and at 15 days post-infection, the animals were killed and portions of their kidneys cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium. All tissues analysed showed positive cultures of Candida spp. This is the first study evaluating the presence of fungi in the faeces of bats in an urban region, where the yeast species found were shown to be potentially pathogenic. As bats are commonly found in cities, these findings indicate the need for continuous surveillance concerning environmental contamination by their excreta.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Panagio
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinge-Filho
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yamada-Ogatta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D058365:Candidiasis, Invasive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D002947:Cities; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D023421:Models, Animal; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole; D010740:Phospholipases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases