title: Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in healthy, non-obese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations are associated with an adverse metabolic profile in obese children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To simultaneously assess multiple factors with possible effects on plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in healthy, non-obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 170 healthy non-obese children (86 males, age 10+1.5 years), with available medical records from birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were assessed by immunoassay. The ratio of current weight/birth weight (WBWR) was used as an index of children growth from birth. Children's intensity of physical activity and parental characteristics were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin was positively associated with WBWR (p<0.0001); parental smoking (analysis of variance, ANOVA; p-=0.03) and parental obesity (ANOVA; p<0.001) were negatively associated with breastfeeding (p<0.01) and children's access to exercise (p<0.0001). Adiponectin was negatively associated with WBWR (p<0.0001) and parental smoking (p=0.04), with an additive negative effect of parental smoking status and parental obesity on children's adiponectin levels (ANOVA; p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children's and parental factors are related and could possibly influence leptin and adiponectin concentrations in healthy non-obese children. Early preventive strategies that target both children and parents could improve the profile of adipocytokine in these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Helena I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stakos
authors.forename: Dimitrios N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tziakas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chalikias
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsigalou
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kartali
authors.forename: Elpis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantadakis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatzimichael
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D010290:Parents; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution