title: Bone regeneration using porous titanium particles versus bovine hydroxyapatite: a sinus lift study in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first objective of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the bone formation process, particularly the long-term behavior and three-dimensional volume stability of subsinusal bone regeneration, using titanium (Ti) or bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) granules, in a rabbit model. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of the hydration of the BHA particles with a therapeutic concentration of doxycycline solution on the osteogenesis and biomaterial resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits underwent a double sinus lift procedure using one of three materials: grade 1 porous Ti particles, BHA, or BHA hydrated with doxycycline solution (0.1mg/ml) (BHATTC). Animals were sacrificed after 1 week, 5 weeks, or 6 months. Samples were analyzed using µCT and nondecalcified histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The materials used in each of the three groups allowed an optimal bone formation; bone quantities and densities were not statistically different between the three groups. At 6 months, more stable three-dimensional volume stability was found with Ti and BHATTC (p=.0033). At 5 weeks and 6 months, bone to material contact corroborating osteoconduction was significantly higher with BHA and BHATTC than with Ti (p<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though the studied biomaterials displayed different architectures, they are relevant candidates for sinus lift bone augmentation prior to dental implants because they allow adequate three-dimensional stability and osteogenesis. However, to recommend the clinical use of Ti, both an observation on the drilling effects of Ti particles and clinical trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège Belgium. france.lambert@chu.ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lecloux
authors.forename: Angelique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Léonard
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sourice
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layrolle
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rompen
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C077540:Bio-Oss; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium; D004318:Doxycycline