title: Causes of failure and etiology of painful primary total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: The review provides an overview of the causes of failure and the many different aetiologies of a painful primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). They can be classified into extra- and intraarticular disorders, the latter being divided into biological and mechanical origins. Whereas biological aetiologies like infections have remained stable over time, other causes of failure have changed. In the early times of knee arthroplasty, they were mainly related to technical insufficiencies. A better understanding of knee arthroplasty, patients' increasing functional demands as well as a continuous development of TKA techniques generated newer problems, which are increasingly related to the functioning of the soft-tissue envelope of the knee. From a therapeutic point of view, three situations can be considered: functional problems not needing reoperations, causes of reoperations not needing an exchange of prosthetic components as well as reoperations with exchange of at least one prosthetic component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich, 76, Rue d'Eich, Luxembourg 1460, Luxembourg. seil.romain@chl.lu
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seil
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pape
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000517:prevention & control; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome