title: Effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, and characteristics of gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed low-phosphorus wheat-based diets.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to study the effects of xylanase and citric acid on the performance, nutrient retention, jejunal viscosity, and size and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed a low-P wheat-based diet. The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of xylanase (0 and 200 mg/kg) and 3 levels of citric acid (0, 20, and 40 g/kg). Each of the 6 dietary treatments was fed to 4 replicate pens (17 birds/pen) from 0 to 24 d of age. Chromium oxide (3 g/kg) was added to the diets as an indigestible marker to determine the apparent nutrient retention. No interaction effect was observed between xylanase and citric acid in any measured response. Xylanase did not affect feed intake but significantly increased BW gain by 3.6% (P < 0.05) from 1 to 24 d of age and improved G:F by 3.9% (P < 0.01). The inclusion of 40 g/kg of citric acid decreased (P < 0.01) BW gain and feed intake by 8.6 and 12.5%, respectively. The inclusion of 20 and 40 g/kg of citric acid improved G:F by 2.3 and 4.5% (P < 0.05), respectively. Xylanase significantly decreased the viscosity of digesta and improved the retention of DM, CP, and energy, but did not have a significant effect on the retention of fat and P. Inclusion of 20 and 40 g/kg of citric acid in the diets increased P retention by 15.8 and 16.3% (P < 0.01), respectively. Citric acid significantly decreased the pH of crop contents (P < 0.05). In conclusion, citric acid, at the 40 g/kg inclusion level, reduced feed intake and BW gain but improved G:F and P retention. Xylanase decreased digesta viscosity, increased nutrient retention, and consequently improved the performance of broilers fed the low-P wheat-based diet. Thus, adding 20 g/kg of citric acid, especially in the starter period, and 200 mg/kg of xylanase to low-P wheat-based diets can be helpful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box 4111, Karaj, Iran.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Esmaeilipour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shivazad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moravej
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aminzadeh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaian
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Krimpen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D019343:Citric Acid; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases