title: CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism is associated with advanced non-small cell lung cancer prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that suppresses antitumor response by downregulating T cell activation. The most studied +49A>G polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about the association between this functional polymorphism of CTLA-4 and cancer prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism and prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 338 advanced NSCLC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of CTLA-4 +49 GG, GA and AA in advanced NSCLC patients were 44.4%, 42.0% and 13.6%, respectively. No significant association was observed between CTLA-4 +49A>G polymorphism and clinicopathologic features of advanced NSCLC including gender, histopathological type, clinical stage and tumor markers. Patients with the AA genotype had a survival time of 9.8 months, significantly shorter than those with the GG genotype (12.5 months) or the GA genotype (12.0 months) (p < 0.001; log-rank test). Multivariate Cox analysis further revealed that the CTLA-4 +49AA genotype is an independent adverse prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the polymorphism of CTLA-4 +49A>G is a prognostic predictor for advanced NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yanbing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xianrang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhehai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jinxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D002681:China; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human