title: Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among adults in Aleppo, Syria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report provides the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Syria, where such data are still scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based household survey was conducted in Aleppo (population >2.5 million), involving 1,168 subjects ≥25 years old (47.7% men; mean age 44.7 ± 12.7 years). Information about socio-demographics, personal behavior, and other CVD risk factors was collected. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of clinical risk factors of CVD (ClinRFs) was 45.6% for hypertension, 43.2% for obesity, 21.9% for hypercholesterolemia and 15.6% for diabetes. The prevalence of behavioral risk factors (BehRFs) was 82.3% for physical inactivity, 39.0% for smoking, and 33.4% for unhealthy diet. All ClinRFs increased with age, while gender was associated only with obesity and smoking. Education was associated with obesity and diabetes (P < 0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adults in Syria have some of the world's highest prevalence of CVD risk factors. Unhealthy behaviors and social norms unfavorable to women may explain some of such risk profiles.
authors.affiliation: Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria. radwan@scts-sy.org
authors.forename: Radwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al Ali
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastam
authors.forename: Fouad M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fouad
authors.forename: Fawaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mzayek
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maziak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013593:Syria / Q000453:epidemiology