title: Inhibitory effects of palm α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia.
abstract: Anti-inflammatory actions of the vitamin E fragment tocotrienol have not been described for microglia. Here, we screened palm α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol isoforms and Tocomin® 50% (contains spectrum of tocotrienols and tocopherols) for their ability to limit nitric oxide (NO) production by BV2 microglia. Microglia were treated with varying doses of tocotrienols for 24h and stimulated with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All tocotrienol isoforms reduced NO release by LPS-stimulated microglia, with 50 μM being the most potent tocotrienol dose. Of the isoforms tested, δ-tocotrienol lowered NO levels the most, reducing NO by approximately 50% at 48 h post-LPS treatment (p<.05). None of the tocotrienol doses tested affected microglia viability.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia. shiweit@gmail.com
authors.forename: Shi Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Sharmili
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidyadaran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010938:Plant Oils; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014810:Vitamin E; C082097:tocotrienol, delta; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C013649:plastochromanol 8; D000073878:Palm Oil; C082032:tocotrienol, alpha