title: A cocaine cue is more preferred and evokes more frequency-modulated 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats prone to attribute incentive salience to a food cue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals vary considerably in the extent to which they attribute incentive salience to food-associated cues.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We asked whether individuals prone to attribute incentive salience to a food cue are also prone to attribute incentive properties to a stimulus associated with a drug of abuse-cocaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first identified those rats that attributed incentive salience to a food cue by quantifying the extent to which they came to approach and engage a food cue. We then used a conditioned place preference procedure to pair an injection of 10 mg/kg cocaine (i.p.) with one distinct floor texture (grid or holes) and saline with another. Following 8 days of conditioning, each rat was given a saline injection and placed into a chamber that had both floors present. We measured the time spent on each floor, and also 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, which have been associated with positive affective states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats that vigorously engaged the food cue ("sign trackers") expressed a preference for the cocaine-paired floor compared to those that did not ("goal trackers"). In addition, sign trackers made substantially more frequency-modulated 50-kHz vocalizations when injected with cocaine and when later exposed to the cocaine cue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rats prone to attribute incentive salience to a food cue are also prone to attribute incentive motivational properties to a tactile cue associated with cocaine. We suggest that individuals prone to attribute incentive salience to reward cues will have difficulty resisting them and, therefore, may be especially vulnerable to develop impulse control disorders, including addiction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA. paulmey@umich.edu
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Sean T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Terry E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D003463:Cues; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014828:Vocalization, Animal
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine