title: The effectiveness of a cognitive task analysis informed curriculum to increase self-efficacy and improve performance for an open cricothyrotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study explored the effects of a cognitive task analysis (CTA)-informed curriculum to increase surgical skills performance and self-efficacy beliefs for medical students and postgraduate surgical residents learning how to perform an open cricothyrotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third-year medical students and postgraduate year 2 and 3 surgery residents were assigned randomly to either the CTA group (n = 12) or the control group (n = 14). The CTA group learned the open cricothyrotomy procedure using the CTA curriculum. The control group received the traditional curriculum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CTA group outperformed the control group significantly based on a 19-point checklist score (CTA mean score: 17.75, standard deviation [SD] = 2.34; control mean score: 15.14, SD = 2.48; p = 0.006). The CTA group also reported significantly higher self-efficacy scores based on a 140-point self-appraisal inventory (CTA mean score: 126.10, SD = 16.90; control: 110.67, SD = 16.8; p = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CTA curriculum was effective in increasing the performance and self-efficacy scores for postgraduate surgical residents and medical students performing an open cricothyrotomy.
authors.affiliation: Center for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tirapelle
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plurad
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cestero
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003071:Cognition; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D003479:Curriculum; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000601:surgery*