title: Numerical modeling of field-assisted ion-exchanged channel waveguides by the explicit consideration of space-charge buildup.
abstract: A numerical model explicitly considering the space-charge density evolved both under the mask and in the region of optical structure formation was used to predict the profiles of Ag concentration during field-assisted Ag(+)-Na(+) ion exchange channel waveguide fabrication. The influence of the unequal values of diffusion constants and mobilities of incoming and outgoing ions, the value of a correlation factor (Haven ratio), and particularly space-charge density induced during the ion exchange, on the resulting profiles of Ag concentration was analyzed and discussed. It was shown that the incorporation into the numerical model of a small quantity of highly mobile ions other than exclusively Ag(+) and Na(+) may considerably affect the range and shape of calculated Ag profiles in the multicomponent glass. The Poisson equation was used to predict the electric field spread evolution in the glass substrate. The results of the numerical analysis were verified by the experimental data of Ag concentration in a channel waveguide fabricated using a field-assisted process.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland. mrozek@pb.edu.pl
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mrozek