title: Inhibition of smooth muscle cell adhesion and proliferation on heparin-doped polypyrrole.
abstract: We have investigated the application of polypyrrole (pPy) as a material to influence neointimal cell behaviour. The physico-chemical properties of pPy doped with heparin (Hep), para-toluene sulfonate, poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (pMAS) and nitrate ions were studied in addition to cell adhesion and proliferation studies of neointimal relevant cell lines cultured on the pPy substrates. Both smooth muscle (hSMC) and endothelial (hEC) cell types adhered and proliferated best on the smooth, hydrophilic pPy/pMAS material. Moreover, pPy/Hep is able to support the proliferation of hECs on the surface but inhibits hSMC proliferation after 4 days of culture. The inhibitory effect on hSMCs is most likely due to the well-known antiproliferative effect of heparin on hSMC growth. The results presented indicate that surface exposed heparin binds to the putative heparin receptor of hSMCs and is sufficient to inhibit proliferation. The application of galvanostatically synthesized pPy/Hep to stent surfaces presents a novel bioactive control mechanism to control neointimal cell growth.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Nth Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: R M I
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kapsa
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole; D006493:Heparin