title: Prevalence of cattle herds with ivermectin resistant nematodes in the hot sub-humid tropics of Mexico.
abstract: The objective was to determine the prevalence of semi-intensive Bos indicus and Bos indicus × Bos taurus cattle herds with ivermectin (IVM) resistant nematodes in a sub-humid tropical zone of Mexico using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Thirty-three herds (28 beef and 5 dual purpose herds) were monitored in a period of 6 months (September 2008 to February, 2009). Only 14 of the 33 herds were included in the trial. The other herds had not enough animals with sufficient nematode eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) to be included in a FECRT. Some farms were visited twice trying to find more animals with egg counts higher than 150 EPG. In the 14 surveyed herds the calves were randomly distributed into two groups: (a) treatment group received 0.2mg of IVM/kg BW sc on day 0, and (b) control group without treatment. Faecal samples were obtained from each animal on days 0 and 14 post-treatment. Reduction percentages (% R) and 95% CI were calculated. The prevalence of cattle herds with IVM resistant nematodes was 78.6%. Those suspected of IVM resistance were 21.4%. All surveyed herds used IVM from two to three times a year (mainly beginning and end of the wet season) during 1-11 consecutive years. The farm with stronger resistance used IVM for 11 consecutive years (% R=0%; 95% CI=0-47%). Genera of nematodes resistant to IVM were: Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia and Trichostrongylus. A considerable effort is needed to perform FECRT in cattle herds under hot sub-humid tropical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Canul-Ku
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Vivas
authors.forename: J F J
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Torres-Acosta
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Caballero
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cogollo
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ojeda-Chi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors; D014329:Tropical Climate
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D007559:Ivermectin