title: Anti-inflammatory therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A 4-year-old child was diagnosed by polysomnography as experiencing mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite the child being inattentive and distracted during the day at school, his parents prefer to avoid surgical treatment (adenotonsillectomy). Are there any non-surgical treatments for mild OSA in young children?
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obstructive sleep apnea in children is caused mainly by adenotonsillar hypertrophy and can lead to considerable morbidities, including neurocognitive and behavioural disturbances. Surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids is the treatment of choice. In recent years, however, a new understanding of the inflammatory components of OSA has led to the assumption that anti-inflammatory treatment can reduce adenotonsillar size and improve OSA symptoms. Evidence from a few studies suggests that intranasal steroids and oral leukotriene receptor antagonists have beneficial effects, but data from randomized controlled trials are still lacking.
authors.affiliation: BC Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Room K4-226, Ambulatory Care Bldg, 4480 Oak St, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4. rgoldman@cw.bc.ca
authors.forename: Bat-Chen
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Ran D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists