title: [Should a laparoscopy be necessary in case of infertility with normal tubes at hysterosalpingography?].
abstract: The aetiological assessment of an infertile couple includes several complementary biological and morphological examinations. Initial exploration of the female genital tract requires the performance of pelvic ultrasound and hysterosalpingography. The value of systematic laparoscopy in infertility assessment is still subject to debate. The aim of the present review is to evaluate arguments against the systematic use of laparoscopy and to define the place of the other tests as Chlamydia Trachomatis serology, hysterosalpingosonography and MR-IRM. In our opinion, laparoscopy is of course indicated in infertility assessments not only when anomalies are revealed by hysterosalpingography but also in the following circumstances: past history of infection (especially a positive Chlamydia antibody blood test) and/or pelvic surgery (a significant risk of adhesions), unexplained secondary infertility, unexplained infertility after the age of 38 (when choosing between artificial insemination and direct enrolment in an IVF programme) and failure of 3 cycles of good-quality intra-uterine inseminations (with ovarian stimulation and a sufficient number of spermatozoids).
authors.affiliation: Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU d'Amiens, université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 124 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 80054 Amiens cedex 01, France. Merviel.Philippe@chu-amiens.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merviel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lourdel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brzakowski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garriot
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mamy
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gagneur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasreddine
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D010535:Laparoscopy; D010388:Pelvis / Q000601:surgery; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000150:complications; D017211:Treatment Failure