title: In vitro synergisms obtained by amphotericin B and voriconazole associated with non-antifungal agents against Fusarium spp.
abstract: Fusarium spp is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for causing invasive hyalohyphomycosis in immunocompromised patients. Due to its susceptibility pattern with a remarkable resistance to antifungal agents the treatment failures and mortality rates are high. To overcome this situation, combination therapy may be considered which must be subjected to in vitro tests. In vitro activities of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole associated with azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, fluvastatin, ibuprofen, metronidazole, and also the combination of amphotericin B plus rifampin against 23 strains of Fusarium spp. through the checkerboard technique based on M38-A2 [Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2008). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; approved standard, 2nd ed. (CLSI document M38-A2) (ISBN 1-56238-668-9). Wayne, PA: CLSI] were evaluated. The best synergistic interactions with amphotericin B were with ibuprofen (43.5%) (FICI [fractional inhibitory concentration index] range = 0.25-2). Combinations with voriconazole showed synergism, mainly with ciprofloxacin (30.4%) (FICI range = 0.25-3) and metronidazole (30.4%) (FICI range = 0.1-4); however, all the combinations with itraconazole were indifferent. In general, antagonistic interactions were not registered. Our results showed that in vitro synergisms obtained by some combinations studied deserve attention since they were better than those showed by the antimycotic.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarcieli P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.forename: Tatiana B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Spader
authors.forename: Giordano R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Tronco-Alves
authors.forename: Maria Izabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Janio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santurio
authors.forename: Sydney Hartz
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B; D065819:Voriconazole; D007052:Ibuprofen