title: Simultaneous analysis of select pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish tissue using pressurized liquid extraction combined with silica gel cleanup.
abstract: Analytical improvements were developed and validated for measuring select personal care products (PCPs) and two pharmaceuticals in fish tissue. The method was validated using fortified fillet tissue for twelve PCPs including fragrance materials, alkylphenols, photo initiators, and triclosan as well as two pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine (anti-seizure) and diazepam (anti-convulsant). The analytical method utilized pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with silica gel cleanup, gel permeation chromatography, and gas chromatography ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. Silica gel cleanup was combined with the PLE to produce one automated extraction/cleanup technique. This analytical improvement served to reduce the incurred cost, time, and loss of potential target analytes associated with independent cleanup steps. The combined extraction/cleanup technique resulted in an average increase of 10% in analyte recoveries. Average triplicate recoveries and relative standard deviations for the entire method, using 2.5 g of fish fillet tissue, were 92 ± 9% (recoveries ranged from 64 to 131%). The sensitivity of the analytical methods was improved by optimizing the resonant collision induced dissociation energy to the hundredths place (0.01 V). Improvements in ion production range from 24 to 122% for six of the 12 PCPs. Statistically derived method detection limits (MDLs) were also lowered on average by a factor of 8 and ranged from 1.2 to 38 ng/g wet weight. MDLs for carbamazepine and diazepam were 18 and 3.7 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Galaxolide and tonalide were measured in an environmental sample at concentrations of 81 and 5.5 ng/g wet weight, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
authors.forename: Bikram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subedi
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mottaleb
authors.forename: C Kevin
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chambliss
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000032:analysis; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000032:analysis; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D058428:Silica Gel / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002220:Carbamazepine; D058428:Silica Gel; D003975:Diazepam