title: Nano-structured polyaniline-ionic liquid composite film coated steel wire for headspace solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in water.
abstract: A novel nano-structured polyaniline-ionic liquid (i.e. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BMIPF(6)) composite (BPAN) film coated steel wire was prepared by electrochemical deposition. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the obtained porous BPAN coating consisted of nanofibers, whose diameter ranged from 50 to 80 nm. Furthermore, the novel nano-structured composite coating was very stable at relatively high temperatures (up to 350 °C) and it could be used for more 250 times without obvious decrease of the extraction efficiency. The novel BPAN coating was used for the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of organochlorine pesticides (i.e. hexachlorocyolohexane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The BPAN coating showed better analytical capability on the whole compared with common polyaniline (PANI) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings. The key parameters influencing extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including desorption time, stirring speed, extraction temperature, extraction time and ionic strength. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for single fiber repeatability ranged from 2.3 to 8.7% (n=6) and the RSDs for fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n=6) were 4.2-12.1%, respectively. The linear ranges exceeded three magnitudes with correlation coefficients above 0.99. The detection limits were 0.12-0.31 ng L(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in lake water, waste water and sewage treatment plant effluent with good recoveries from 88.9 to 112.9%.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. gaozhanqi2005@163.com
authors.forename: Zhanqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Benzhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shaogui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005618:Fresh Water; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012722:Sewage; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: C412621:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C416807:polyaniline