title: Prostate cancer risk alleles and their associations with other malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether certain risk alleles are responsible for the relationship between prostate cancer (CaP) and other malignancies. CaP has been associated with other common malignancies. Recently, numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with CaP susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 1121 patients with CaP for 36 risk alleles known to be significantly associated with CaP susceptibility and determined their relationships to other malignancies in CaP probands and their first-degree relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common other malignancies in the CaP probands were nonmelanoma skin cancer (13.6%), leukemia (7.3%), melanoma (3.9%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (0.7%), colorectal cancer (0.6%), and multiple myeloma (0.3%). Among the probands, a significantly increased frequency of leukemia was found in the carriers of SNP rs2736098 (5p15, P = .03) and melanoma in the carriers of either SNP rs1512268 (8p21, P = .006) or SNP rs5759167 (22q13, P = .02). Multiple myeloma was more common in carriers of SNP rs9364554 (6q25, P = .02). The probands who were carriers of SNP rs16901979 (8q24) were significantly more likely to report a family history of melanoma (P = .03), and the probands with a family history of multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's disease were significantly more likely to be carriers of SNP rs12621278 (2q31, P = .04) and rs6465657 (7q21, P = .02), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain alleles associated with CaP susceptibility might be associated with an increased or a decreased risk of other malignancies in CaP probands and their first-degree relatives. Additional studies are warranted to examine the underlying mechanisms of these SNPs in CaP and other malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Barry B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Helfand
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: Qiaoyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Catalona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk