title: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sarcopenia in older Koreans, regardless of obesity: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV) 2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An association between vitamin D status and sarcopenia has not been shown in a community-dwelling cohort, despite the well-documented relationship between vitamin D status and falls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate whether vitamin D level is associated with sarcopenia in older Koreans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population was conducted in 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 1380 men and 1789 women aged 50 yr or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH levels were measured. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight that was less than 2 sd below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 27.5 kg/m(2) or higher.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25(OH)D level correlated negatively with appendicular fat mass and positively with appendicular skeletal mass. The groups with sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia only had lower 25(OH)D levels than did the nonsarcopenia groups. However, 25(OH)D levels did not differ between the sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia groups. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and lifestyle factors, compared with those in the lowest quartile of 25(OH)D level, participants in the highest quartile had an odds ratio for sarcopenia of 0.47 (95% confidence interval = 0.30-0.73; P for trend = 0.001). There was no association between PTH and sarcopenia after adjustment of BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in subjects with sarcopenia than in those without, regardless of obesity. We found a strong inverse association between 25(OH)D level and sarcopenia in the older Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mee Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Ki-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Moo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Il Kang
authors.forename: Cheol Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol