title: Effect of lens-induced myopia on visual cortex activity: a functional MR imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myopia is a type of refractive error that blurs retinal image and in turn can change neural signals transferred from retina to visual cortex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of induced myopia on occipital visual cortex activity by fMRI results.
  
  
  METHODS
  BOLD fMRI was performed in 13 emmetropic volunteers (refractive error, <±0.50D) with normal visual acuity, good binocular vision, and no history of neurologic illness. Visual stimulus was counterphasing vertical luminance sinusoidal grating with spatiotemporal frequency of 1.84 cycles per degree/8 Hz and contrast of 60%. The functional images were acquired in block design, during normal refractive state and induced myopia produced by convex noncoating plastic lenses of +1D, +3D, +5D, by using an EPI gradient-echo sequence in a 1.5T MR imaging scanner. fMRI data were processed by using FSL software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  fMRI responses to visual stimuli demonstrated that percentage of BOLD signal intensity change and number of activated voxels within occipital visual cortex were reduced remarkably in induced myopic states of 1D, 3D, and 5D in comparison with normal refractive state; the results did not show a significant and regular decreasing trend in number of activated voxels and BOLD signal intensity change in these 3 different values of induced myopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that induced myopia has a considerable effect on visual cortex activity, because myopia induced by lens of +1D is sufficient to change fMRI results significantly. Accordingly, it is essential to correct myopia before visual fMRI studies, even if it is at low levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirzajani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarlaki
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kharazi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012030:Refractive Errors; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult