title: Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon martinii, Cymbopogon schoenanthus and Mentha piperita essential oils evaluated in four different in vitro tests.
abstract: Anthelmintic resistance is a worldwide concern in small ruminant industry and new plant-derived compounds are being studied for their potential use against gastrointestinal nematodes. Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oils were evaluated against developmental stages of trichostrongylids from sheep naturally infected (95% Haemonchus contortus and 5% Trichostrogylus spp.) through the egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), larval feeding inhibition assay (LFIA), and the larval exsheathment assay (LEA). The major constituent of the essential oils, quantified by gas chromatography for M. piperita oil was menthol (42.5%), while for C. martinii and C. schoenanthus the main component was geraniol (81.4% and 62.5%, respectively). In all in vitro tests C. schoenanthus essential oil had the best activity against ovine trichostrongylids followed by C. martini, while M. piperita presented the least activity. Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil had LC(50) value of 0.045 mg/ml in EHA, 0.063 mg/ml in LDA, 0.009 mg/ml in LFIA, and 24.66 mg/ml in LEA. The anthelmintic activity of essential oils followed the same pattern in all in vitro tests, suggesting C. schoenanthus essential oil could be an interesting candidate for nematode control, although in vivo studies are necessary to validate the anthelmintic properties of this oil.
authors.affiliation: IZ - Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil. lmkatiki@iz.sp.gov.br
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Katiki
authors.forename: A C S
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chagas
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bizzo
authors.forename: J F S
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A F T
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Amarante
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031743:Cymbopogon / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D036142:Mentha piperita / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000871:Anthelmintics; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013729:Terpenes; C007836:geraniol