title: Cytochrome bd oxidase and nitric oxide: from reaction mechanisms to bacterial physiology.
abstract: Experimental evidence suggests that the prokaryotic respiratory cytochrome bd quinol oxidase is responsible for both bioenergetic functions and bacterial adaptation to different stress conditions. The enzyme, phylogenetically unrelated to the extensively studied heme-copper terminal oxidases, is found in many commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Here, we review current knowledge on the catalytic intermediates of cytochrome bd and their reactivity towards nitric oxide (NO). Available information is discussed in the light of the hypothesis that, owing to its high NO dissociation rate, cytochrome bd confers resistance to NO-stress, thereby providing a strategy for bacterial pathogens to evade the NO-mediated host immune attack.
authors.affiliation: CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuffrè
authors.forename: Vitaliy B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Borisov
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mastronicola
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forte
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D003580:Cytochromes; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C040077:cytochrome bd terminal oxidase complex, E coli