title: The assembly of cell-encapsulating microscale hydrogels using acoustic waves.
abstract: Microscale hydrogels find widespread applications in medicine and biology, e.g., as building blocks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In these applications, these microgels are assembled to fabricate large complex 3D constructs. The success of this approach requires non-destructive and high throughput assembly of the microgels. Although various assembly methods have been developed based on modifying interfaces, and using microfluidics, so far, none of the available assembly technologies have shown the ability to assemble microgels using non-invasive fields rapidly within seconds in an efficient way. Acoustics has been widely used in biomedical arena to manipulate droplets, cells and biomolecules. In this study, we developed a simple, non-invasive acoustic assembler for cell-encapsulating microgels with maintained cell viability (>93%). We assessed the assembler for both microbeads (with diameter of 50 μm and 100 μm) and microgels of different sizes and shapes (e.g., cubes, lock-and-key shapes, tetris, saw) in microdroplets (with volume of 10 μL, 20 μL, 40 μL, 80 μL). The microgels were assembled in seconds in a non-invasive manner. These results indicate that the developed acoustic approach could become an enabling biotechnology tool for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacology studies and high throughput screening applications.
authors.affiliation: Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Finley
authors.forename: Muge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turkaydin
authors.forename: Yuree
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Umut A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Gurkan
authors.forename: Ahmet S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Rasim O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Guldiken
authors.forename: Utkan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D013016:Sound
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels