title: Classification of cell types using a microfluidic device for mechanical and electrical measurement on single cells.
abstract: This paper presents a microfluidic system for cell type classification using mechanical and electrical measurements on single cells. Cells are aspirated continuously through a constriction channel with cell elongations and impedance profiles measured simultaneously. The cell transit time through the constriction channel and the impedance amplitude ratio are quantified as cell's mechanical and electrical property indicators. The microfluidic device and measurement system were used to characterize osteoblasts (n=206) and osteocytes (n=217), revealing that osteoblasts, compared with osteocytes, have a larger cell elongation length (64.51 ± 14.98 μm vs. 39.78 ± 7.16 μm), a longer transit time (1.84 ± 1.48 s vs. 0.94 ± 1.07 s), and a higher impedance amplitude ratio (1.198 ± 0.071 vs. 1.099 ± 0.038). Pattern recognition using the neural network was applied to cell type classification, resulting in classification success rates of 69.8% (transit time alone), 85.3% (impedance amplitude ratio alone), and 93.7% (both transit time and impedance amplitude ratio as input to neural network) for osteoblasts and osteocytes. The system was also applied to test EMT6 (n=747) and EMT6/AR1.0 cells (n=770, EMT6 treated by doxorubicin) that have a comparable size distribution (cell elongation length: 51.47 ± 11.33 μm vs. 50.09 ± 9.70 μm). The effects of cell size on transit time and impedance amplitude ratio were investigated. Cell classification success rates were 51.3% (cell elongation alone), 57.5% (transit time alone), 59.6% (impedance amplitude ratio alone), and 70.2% (both transit time and impedance amplitude ratio). These preliminary results suggest that biomechanical and bioelectrical parameters, when used in combination, could provide a higher cell classification success rate than using electrical or mechanical parameter alone.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Qingyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shojaei-Baghini
authors.forename: Yan Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Preethy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Lidan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Xiao Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D048429:Cell Size; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004867:Equipment Design; D051379:Mice; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*