title: Cloning and expression analysis of a long type peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP-L) from Xenopus tropicalis.
abstract: Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the immune system, which bind and hydrolyze bacterial peptidoglycan. Here, a long type PGRP (PGRP-L) was first cloned in the lower vertebrate species Xenopus tropicalis (Xt). The XtPGRP-L possessed a conserved genomic structure with five exons and four introns. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that XtPGRP-L might be a type of amidase-like PGRP. The 3-D model showed that XtPGRP-L possessed a conserved structure compared with the Drosophila PGRP-Lb. During embryonic development, XtPGRP-L was not expressed until the 72 h tadpole stage. In adult tissues, it was strongly expressed in the liver, lung, intestine, and stomach. Furthermore, after LPS stimulation, the expression of XtPGRP-L was up-regulated significantly in the liver, intestine and spleen, indicating that XtPGRP-L may play an important role in the innate immunity of Xenopus tropicalis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Technology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. qizhitao@ycit.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhi-Tao
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Qi-Huan
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zi-Sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ai-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Xian
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004330:Drosophila / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014981:Xenopus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein