title: Total antioxidant capacity of venous blood, blood plasma, and serum of patients with periodontitis, and the effect of Traumeel S on these characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontal diseases are among the most common chronic infections in humans. Chronic low-level bacteremia and a septicemic inflammatory response have been suggested as a pathogenetic link between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis, diabetes and other systemic diseases. All this significantly increases the relevance of the search for the means for treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate blood count and the antioxidant capacity of venous blood, blood plasma, and serum in patients with periodontitis and control subjects with healthy periodontal tissues, and to investigate the effect of the homeopathic medication Traumeel S on the antioxidant capacity of venous blood, plasma, and serum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed using venous blood of 21 individuals with chronic periodontitis and 22 healthy subjects. Reduction properties of venous blood, blood plasma, and serum were investigated using the method of reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, proposed by Demehin et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed that there was no significant difference in venous blood hemoglobin levels or erythrocyte counts between the groups, while significantly higher leukocyte counts were observed in the periodontitis group (P<0.05). The antioxidant capacity of blood plasma was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than it was in the controls (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the antioxidant capacity of serum was significantly lower in the periodontitis group as compared with controls (P<0.05). The preparation Traumeel S had no effect on the antioxidant capacity of venous blood or blood plasma in the studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to healthy individuals, the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma in patients with periodontitis was higher, while the antioxidant capacity of serum was lower. The homeopathic medication Traumeel S had no effect on the antioxidant capacity of venous blood, blood plasma, or serum. Our findings concerning the elevated leukocyte counts in venous blood of patients with periodontitis confirm the presumption that periodontal diseases cause low-grade systemic inflammation induced by the host response to periodontal bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Public Institution Odontologijos studija, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Juozas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Žilinskas
authors.forename: Ričardas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubilius
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Žekonis
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Žekonis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D008903:Minerals; D010936:Plant Extracts; C433370:Traumeel S; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium