title: Assessment of cardiac output measurement in dogs by transpulmonary pulse contour analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if metatarsal artery pressure (COmet) is comparable to femoral artery pressure (COfem) as the input for transpulmonary pulse contour analysis (PiCCO) in anesthetized dogs, using the lithium dilution method (LiDCO) as a standard for cardiac output (CO) measurement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy purpose-bred mixed breed dogs were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and CO.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CO was measured using LiDCO and PiCCO techniques. Animals had their right femoral and left distal metatarsal artery catheterized for proximal (COfem) and distal (COmet) PiCCO analysis, respectively. Measurements were obtained from each animal during low, normal, and high CO states by changing amount of inhalant anesthetics and heart rate. Measurements were converted to CO indexed to body weigh (CI(BW) =CO/kg) for statistical analysis. Agreement was determined using Bland and Altman analysis and concordance correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty paired measurements were taken. The LiDCO CI(BW) (± SD) was 68.7 ± 30.3, 176.0 ± 53.0, and 211.1 ± 76.5 mL/kg/min during low, normal, and high CO states, respectively. There was a significant effect of CI(BW) state on bias and relative bias with COmet (P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively). Bias of the COmet method (± SD) was -116.6 (70.5), 20.1(76.4), and 91.3 (92.0) mL/kg/min at low, normal, and high CI(BW), respectively. Bias of the COfem (± SD) was -20.3 (19.0), 8.6 (70.9), and -2.9 (83.0) mL/kg/min at low, normal, and high CI(BW) , respectively. The mean relative bias for COfem was -6.7 ± 44% (limits of agreements: -81.2 to 67.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with lithium dilution, the pulse contour analysis provides a good estimation of CO, but requires femoral artery catheterization in anesthetized dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. shih60@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Herbert W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Maisenbacher
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bandt
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricco
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Amara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Estrada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D008684:Metatarsus / Q000098:blood supply; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*