title: Long-term decrease of retinal pigment epithelium defects in large stage iv macular holes with borders mechanically joined during surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to present retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and their gradual resolution over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series of 3 eyes of 3 patients who were followed for a period of 3-6 years after undergoing surgery to mechanically close the borders of large stage IV macular holes. Photoreceptor defects and RPE defects were measured during this period with SD-OCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, a reduction in the size of the areas of photoreceptor and RPE defects was noted, which correlated with late improvement in visual acuity (VA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In eyes with no underlying retinal pigment epithelial or choroidal disease, restoration of RPE is possible in vivo for up to several years after surgery for macular hole closure. An improvement in VA is possible, even lasting many years after successful macular hole surgery, which corresponds to a decrease in both RPE defects and the size of the defects in the junction between the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Clinic 'Jasne Blonia', Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Michalewska
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michalewski
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nawrocki