title: Double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer: a comparison to endoscopic ultrasonography with respect to histopathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to compare the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with double contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCUS) in the staging of gastric malignancies. DCUS is a transabdominal ultrasound technique using both intravenous and intraluminal contrast to enhance sonographic visualization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 162 patients with biopsy-proven gastric cancer who underwent DCUS and EUS preoperatively with the ultrasound results compared with the pathologic findings of the resected specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall accuracy of DCUS and EUS for tumor (T) staging was 77.2% and 74.7%, respectively. Comparison of ultrasound techniques for T staging revealed that DCUS was superior to EUS only for a tumor depth of T3 (chi-square, P = .025). Lymph nodes were staged correctly with DCUS and EUS in 78.4% and 57.4% of cases, respectively (chi-square, P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCUS offers a noninvasive approach for the staging of gastric cancer. DCUS was comparable to EUS in tumor depth evaluation but offered an advantage in lymph node detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yaojun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mingdong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Weijian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Feihai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pihong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Limiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pingtong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zuokai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xiang Da Eric
authors.initials: Xda E
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media