title: Longitudinal changes of bone ultrasound measurements in healthy infants during the first year of life: influence of gender and type of feeding.
abstract: There is evidence suggesting that early events in life may predispose the adult to osteoporosis. We assessed bone status by quantitative ultrasonography in healthy neonates, and we report the changes occurring during the first year of life, according to the type of early feeding. We measured the speed of sound (SOS) of the left tibia in 116 full-term infants (0-9 days of age) and in their mothers (21-42 years of age). SOS values did not correlate with gestational age of the study subjects (r = 0.08) or anthropometric measurements. The SOS measurements of the mothers did not correlate with those of their children (r = 0.01). Fifty-seven infants had SOS measurements performed at 4 and 12 months. Twenty-five infants were exclusively breast-fed, 12 received formula milk from birth, and 20 received human and formula milk. SOS measurements at 4 months were comparable with those at baseline, whereas at 12 months they were significantly higher. No effect of type of feeding was observed, indicating that SOS changes may be independent of the type of early diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianvincenzo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuccotti
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cafarelli
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pivetti
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pogliani
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puzzovio
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000379:methods; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult