title: Misfolded proteins in Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes.
abstract: This tutorial review presents descriptions of two amyloidogenic proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), whose misfolding propensities are implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type II diabetes, respectively. Protein misfolding diseases share similarities, as well as some unique protein-specific traits, that could contribute to the initiation and/or development of their associated conditions. Aβ and IAPP are representative amyloidoses and are used to highlight some of the primary considerations for studying misfolded proteins associated with human diseases in this review. Among these factors, their physiological formation, aggregation, interactions with metal ions and other protein partners, and toxicity are presented. Small molecules that target and modulate the metal-Aβ interaction and neurotoxicity are included to illustrate one of the current approaches for uncovering the complexities of protein misfolding at the molecular level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Alaina S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: DeToma
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salamekh
authors.forename: Ayyalusamy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramamoorthy
authors.forename: Mi Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017510:Protein Folding; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species