title: Ground reaction forces during gait in pregnant fallers and non-fallers.
abstract: Pregnant women are at a high risk of experiencing a fall. To our knowledge, ground reaction forces (GRFs) in pregnant fallers and non-fallers have not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pregnancy and fall history on GRFs during walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty one pregnant subjects in the mid 2nd and 3rd trimesters (pregnant fallers: n=15, pregnant non-fallers: n=14), and 40 control women walked at a freely chosen walking speed along an 8m walkway. A force plate, hidden in the walkway, was used to collect GRFs (1080Hz). Kinematic data (120Hz) were collected from a marker placed on the lumbar spine to estimate walking velocity. GRF variables included mediolateral Center of Pressure (COP) excursion, and GRFs normalized to body mass. A two factor ANOVA (trimester x fall group) was used to compare subject demographics, and walking velocity (α=0.05). A two factor ANCOVA (trimester×fall group, covariate: velocity) was performed to examine other GRF variables (Bonferroni corrected α=0.006) and the mediolateral COP excursion (α=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Walking velocity was greater in the control group (p<0.05). No differences were seen in the GRFs or COP movement between trimesters or between pregnant fallers and non-fallers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When walking velocity was considered in the statistical model, ground reaction forces are essentially unchanged by pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Exercise Physiology, Department of Human Performance and Applied Exercise Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA. jmccrory@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.forename: April J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Ashi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daftary
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Redfern
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult