title: Do parents recognize autistic deviant behavior long before diagnosis? Taking into account interaction using computational methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess whether taking into account interaction synchrony would help to better differentiate autism (AD) from intellectual disability (ID) and typical development (TD) in family home movies of infants aged less than 18 months, we used computational methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, we analyzed interactive sequences extracted from home movies of children with AD (N = 15), ID (N = 12), or TD (N = 15) through the Infant and Caregiver Behavior Scale (ICBS). Second, discrete behaviors between baby (BB) and Care Giver (CG) co-occurring in less than 3 seconds were selected as single interactive patterns (or dyadic events) for analysis of the two directions of interaction (CG→BB and BB→CG) by group and semester. To do so, we used a Markov assumption, a Generalized Linear Mixed Model, and non negative matrix factorization. Compared to TD children, BBs with AD exhibit a growing deviant development of interactive patterns whereas those with ID rather show an initial delay of development. Parents of AD and ID do not differ very much from parents of TD when responding to their child. However, when initiating interaction, parents use more touching and regulation up behaviors as early as the first semester.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When studying interactive patterns, deviant autistic behaviors appear before 18 months. Parents seem to feel the lack of interactive initiative and responsiveness of their babies and try to increasingly supply soliciting behaviors. Thus we stress that credence should be given to parents' intuition as they recognize, long before diagnosis, the pathological process through the interactive pattern with their child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saint-Georges
authors.forename: Ammar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahdhaoui
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chetouani
authors.forename: Raquel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Laznik
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Apicella
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maestro
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001519:Behavior; D017028:Caregivers; D003198:Computer Simulation; D048788:Growth and Development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008390:Markov Chains; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D013997:Time Factors