title: Admissions to a Norwegian emergency psychiatric ward: patient characteristics and referring agents. A prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Norway, general practitioners serve as gatekeepers for specialist psychiatric care. Out-of-hours primary healthcare (i.e. casualty clinics) is responsible for the major part of acute psychiatric referrals. There are concerns regarding regular general practitioners' (rGPs') role in emergency psychiatric care of their enlisted patients. Also, the quality of casualty clinics' care and their gatekeeper function are questioned.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences between acute admissions to a psychiatric hospital from casualty clinics, rGPs, specialist psychiatric services and other specialist services regarding characteristics of patients and circumstances of the referrals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study. In the period of 1 May 2005 to 30 April 2008, anonymous information was recorded for all consecutive admissions (n = 5317) to the psychiatric acute unit (PAU) at a psychiatric hospital serving 400,000 inhabitants. The recorded information was: referring agent, circumstances of the referral, patient characteristics, and assessments by the receiving psychiatric resident and the therapist in charge of treatment at the PAU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were only small differences between patients referred to PAU from casualty clinics, rGPs, specialist psychiatric services and other specialist services. The referrals from the different referring agents seemed equally well founded. However, the casualty clinics used more police assistance and coercion, and legal basis for admissions was more frequently converted than for other referring agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Casualty clinics seem to function adequately as gatekeepers. The high proportion of casualty clinic referrals with converted legal basis might indicate unnecessary use of coercion.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Uni Health, Bergen, Norway. ingrid.johansen@uni.no
authors.forename: Ingrid H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Liv
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mellesdal
authors.forename: Hugo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunskaar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult