title: Isolation and anti-fatty liver activity of a novel cerebroside from the sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides.
abstract: Cerebrosides are a kind of important bioactive substance in sea cucumber. A novel cerebroside, AMC-2, was purified from the less-polar lipid fraction of the sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides by repeated column chromatography. The major structure of AMC-2 was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectra. The amide-linked fatty acid unit was confirmed to be four saturated and monounsaturated α-hydroxy fatty acids, the long-chain base was dihydroxy sphingoid base with one double bond, and the glycosyl group was glucose. We also investigated the anti-fatty liver activity of AMC-2 in rats with fatty liver induced by orotic acid. AMC-2 significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels at a diet supplement of 0.03% and 0.006%. The indexes of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and mRNA expression were significantly decreased by AMC-2. This indicates that AMC-2 ameliorated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through suppression of SCD activity and impaired the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in the livers of the rats.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Chang-Hu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002554:Cerebrosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009963:Orotic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D002554:Cerebrosides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D009963:Orotic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase