title: Alcohol consumption among university students in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany--results from a multicenter cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess alcohol use and problem drinking among university students in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and to examine the associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 universities in 2006-2007 in NRW by a standardized questionnaire and 3,306 students provided information (response rate of 88%). Problem drinking was measured by the CAGE questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol consumption in the last 3 months was reported by >90 % of students. About 80% reported heavy drinking, and 20% displayed problem drinking. Male students, students living in residence halls, and students from sport faculties had a higher risk of heavy drinking and problem drinking. When students were compared across study years, frequency of heavy drinking decreased with higher semesters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, heavy drinking and problem drinking are common among university students in this sample. Intervention programs should be designed for students at a particularly high risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Manas K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Akmatov
authors.forename: Rafael T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mikolajczyk
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krämer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult