title: The social context of motorcycle riding and the key determinants influencing rider behavior: a qualitative investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Given the increasing popularity of motorcycle riding and heightened risk of injury or death associated with being a rider, this study explored rider behavior as a determinant of rider safety and, in particular, key beliefs and motivations that influence such behavior. To enhance the effectiveness of future education and training interventions, it is important to understand riders' own views about what influences how they ride. Specifically, this study sought to identify key determinants of riders' behaviors in relation to the social context of riding, including social and identity-related influences relating to the group (group norms and group identity) as well as the self (moral/personal norm and self-identity).
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative research was undertaken via group discussions with motorcycle riders (n = 41).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings revealed that those in the group with which one rides represent an important source of social influence. Also, the motorcyclist (group) identity was associated with a range of beliefs, expectations, and behaviors considered to be normative. Exploration of the construct of personal norm revealed that riders were most cognizant of the "wrong things to do" when riding; among those issues raised was the importance of protective clothing (albeit for the protection of others and, in particular, pillion passengers). Finally, self-identity as a motorcyclist appeared to be important to a rider's self-concept and was likely to influence on-road behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the insight provided by the current study may facilitate the development of interventions including rider training as well as public education and mass media messages. The findings suggest that these interventions should incorporate factors associated with the social nature of riding in order to best align it with some of the key beliefs and motivations underpinning riders' on-road behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tunnicliff
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Ioni
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wishart
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009049:Motorcycles; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety; D012933:Social Identification; D012945:Social Values; D055815:Young Adult