title: VEGF inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: current therapies and future perspective.
abstract: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is predominantly refractory to treatment with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies, and until recently management options were limited to immunotherapy, palliative care, or phase I trials. The past five years have witnessed a major change in the treatment of advanced RCC with the introduction of targeted therapies that derive their efficacy through affecting angiogenesis. The main class of agents involves drugs that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Several VEGF inhibitors are now approved for the treatment of metastatic RCC. The field is expanding rapidly with goals including 1) developing novel more potent and better tolerated agents and 2) defining the role of combination and sequential anti-VEGF regimens.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Toni_Choueiri@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Toni K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Choueiri
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A