title: Relation of prenatal smoking exposure and use of psychotropic medication up to young adulthood.
abstract: The study objective was to determine the relation of prenatal smoking exposure to the use of psychotropic medication up to young adulthood by using population-based longitudinal register data consisting of all singletons born in Finland from 1987 to 1989 (n = 175,869). Information on maternal smoking was assessed during antenatal care and received from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Information on the children's psychotropic medication (1994-2007) was received from the Drug Prescription Register, and the children's psychiatric diagnoses related to outpatient (1998-2007) and inpatient (1987-2007) care were derived from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. A total of 15.3% (n = 26,083) of the children were exposed to prenatal smoking. The incidence of psychotropic medication use was 8.3% in unexposed children, 11.3% in children exposed to <10 cigarettes per day (adjusted odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 1.43), and 13.6% in children exposed to >10 cigarettes per day (odds ratio = 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.53, 1.74). The exposure was significantly associated with the risk for all medication use and for both single- and multiple-drug consumption even after adjustment (e.g., mothers' severe psychiatric illnesses). These findings show that exposure to smoking during pregnancy is linked to both mild and severe psychiatric morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland. moekbl@utu.fi
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gissler
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korkeila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution