title: The life and death of epithelia during inflammation: lessons learned from the gut.
abstract: Epithelial cells form protective barriers that physically separate an organism from the outside world. Rather than being merely static, impregnable shields, epithelia are highly dynamic structures that can adjust their proliferation, differentiation, and death in response to intrinsic and extrinsic signals. The advantages as well as pitfalls of this flexibility are highlighted in inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and psoriasis, which are characterized by a chronically dysregulated homeostasis of the epithelium. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that epithelial cells communicate with their surroundings through converging, integrated signaling cascades and that even minor alterations in these pathways can have dramatic pathologic consequences. In this review, we discuss how inflammatory cytokines and other signaling molecules, directly or through cross talk, regulate epithelial homeostasis in the intestine, and we highlight parallels and differences in a few other organs.
authors.affiliation: Epithelial Pathobiology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. skoch2@emory.edu
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nusrat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines