title: In vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity of Aristolochia tagala (syn: Aristolochia acuminata) root extracts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aristolochia tagala Cham. (syn: Aristolochia acuminata Lam.) (Aristolochiaceae), known as Nallayishwari in Telugu, has been of interest to researchers because of its traditional uses for treating rheumatic pains and fever.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The anti-inflammatory activity of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of A. tagala roots were investigated for the first time.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects were investigated employing the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats and the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 stimulated with proinflammatory stimuli (lipopolysaccharide interferon γ or the calcium ionophore A23187) to determine PGE(2) or LTB(4) release, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effects which were found to be significant (p < 0.001) at 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o, in rats tested and the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the induction of PGE(2) with IC(50) = 39.1 mg mL(-1) and LTB(4) with IC(50) = 29.5 mg mL(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that the A. tagala roots have excellent anti-inflammatory activity and validate the traditional indications of this plant in its origin country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Science, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ganga R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Battu
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parimi
authors.forename: Kottapalli B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Chandra Shekar
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D030022:Aristolochia / Q000737:chemistry; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D061207:Calcium Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D002460:Cell Line; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000473:Alkanes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D061207:Calcium Ionophores; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D000001:Calcimycin; D000431:Ethanol; C007650:ethyl acetate; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002351:Carrageenan; D015232:Dinoprostone; C004544:naphtha