title: The impact of map orientation and generalisation on congestion decisions: a comparison of schematic-egocentric and topographic-allocentric maps.
abstract: Map information for drivers is usually presented in an allocentric-topographic form (as with printed maps) or in an egocentric-schematic form (as with road signs). The advent of new variable message boards on UK motorways raises the possibility of presenting road maps to reflect congestion ahead. Should these maps be allocentric-topographic or egocentric-schematic? This was assessed in an eye tracking study, with participants viewing maps of a motorway network in order to identify whether any congestion was relevant to their intended route. The schematic-egocentric maps were responded to most accurately with shorter fixation durations suggesting easier processing. In particular, the driver's entrance and intended exit from the map were attended to more in the allocentric maps. Individual differences in mental rotation ability also seem to contribute to poor performance on allocentric maps. The results favour schematic-egocentric maps for roadside congestion information, but also provide theoretical insights into map-rotation and individual differences. Statement of Relevance: This study informs designers and policy makers about optimum representations of traffic congestion on roadside variable message signs and, furthermore, demonstrates that individual differences contribute to problems with processing certain sign types. Schematic-egocentric representations of a motorway network produced the best results, as noted in behavioural and eye movement measures.
authors.affiliation: Accident Research Unit, School of Psychology, UK. david.crundall@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crundall
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crundall
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shalloe
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharples
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008377:Maps as Topic; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009949:Orientation; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006113:United Kingdom