title: Comparison of lipid oxidation, messenger ribonucleic acid levels of avian uncoupling protein, avian adenine nucleotide translocator, and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α in skeletal muscles from electrical- and gas-stunned broilers.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of stunning methods [electrical stunning (ES) vs. gas stunning (GS)] on lipid oxidation in broiler meat and to investigate possible mechanisms of lipid oxidation by measuring plasma variables, muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS), and TBA reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations, muscle fiber ratios, and mRNA levels of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP), avian adenine nucleotide translocator, and avian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (avPGC-1α). Arbor Acres broilers (n = 36) were not stunned (control) or were exposed to the following stunning treatments: 40% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2); 60% CO(2) + 21% O(2) + N(2); 35 V, 47 mA, 400 Hz; 50 V, 67 mA, 160 Hz; and 65 V, 86 mA, 1,000 Hz. The ROS level in tibialis anterior (TA; P < 0.05) and the TBARS concentration in pectoralis major (PM; P < 0.01) were decreased in the GS groups compared with the ES groups at 45 min postmortem. However, the TBARS concentrations at 24 h postmortem in the PM and TA groups were not affected by stunning method (ES or GS). Compared with ES, GS caused greater expression of avUCP mRNA (1.47-fold in PM, and 2.41-fold in TA) and avPGC-1α mRNA (1.42-fold in PM, and 2.08-fold in TA). In conclusion, the upregulation of avUCP and avPGC-1α reduced ROS accumulation and lipid oxidation at 45 min postmortem in the skeletal muscles of broilers stunned with hypercapnic moderate oxygenation GS. However, these changes were not sufficient to cause a difference in meat lipid oxidation at 24 h postmortem between broilers stunned with hypercapnic moderate oxygenation GS and those stunned with low-current, high-frequency ES.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs / Q000295:instrumentation; D033741:Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood; D004580:Electronarcosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
chemical_list: D033741:Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D002245:Carbon Dioxide