title: Sustained elevated intraocular pressures after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and pegaptanib.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate elevated intraocular pressures (IOP) (defined by a measurement >25 mmHg at a follow-up visit) after an intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 127 patients (155 eyes) received an intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or pegaptanib) ranging from 1 to 39 injections for more than a period of 30 to 1759 days. Among this population, 12 patients (14 eyes; 9.4%) developed elevated IOP >25 mmHg. Of these, 7 patients (5.5%) developed sustained elevated IOP (IOP >25 mmHg on 2 separate visits requiring glaucoma medication or surgery), of which 8 eyes required topical medications and 1 eye underwent glaucoma surgery. Mean IOP of injected eyes receiving intravitreal injection was 15.2 ± 2.4 mmHg, and the mean IOP was 14.9 ± 2.6 mmHg for noninjected eyes. Among eyes that had elevated IOPs, there was no association with injection frequency, number of injections, or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated IOP, sustained or unsustained, after intravitreal injection is not uncommon. No association with patient demographics or injection history was identified in the authors' study population.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ortube
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McCannel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hubschman
authors.forename: Tara A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: McCannel
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gorin
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D005260:Female; D018463:Filtering Surgery; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C495058:pegaptanib; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab