title: HIV type 1 gag genetic diversity among antenatal clinic attendees in North Rift Valley, Kenya.
abstract: HIV genetic recombination and high mutation rate increase diversity allowing it to escape from host immune response or antiretroviral drugs. This diversity has enabled specific viral subtypes to be predominant in specific regions. To determine HIV-1 subtypes among seropositive antenatal clinic attendees in Kenya's North Rift Valley, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 116 HIV-1-positive blood samples. Proviral DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by DNAzol lysis and ethanol precipitation. Polymerase chain reactions using specific primers for HIV-1 gag and population sequencing on resulting amplicons were carried out. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 81 (70%) were subtype A1, 13 (11%) subtype D, 8 (7%) subtype C, 3 (3%) subtype A2, 1 (1%) subtype G, and 10 showed possible recombinants: 5 (4%) subtype A1D, 4 (3%) subtype A1C, and 1 (1%) subtype A2C. These data support the need to establish circulating subtypes for better evaluation of effective HIV diagnostic and treatment options in Kenya.
authors.affiliation: Gusii Institute of Technology, Kisii, Kenya.
authors.forename: Benuel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nyagaka
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kiptoo
authors.forename: Raphael W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lihana
authors.forename: Samoel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khamadi
authors.forename: Ernest P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Makokha
authors.forename: Joyceline G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kinyua
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: Saida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lagat
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muriuki
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Okoth
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gicheru
authors.forename: Zipporah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ng'ang'a
authors.forename: Elijah M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Songok
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus