title: Prevalence and management of diabetes and metabolic risk factors in Thai adults: the Thai National Health Examination Survey IV, 2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes in Thai adults in 2009 and examine the extent of changes in proportions of diagnosis, treatment, and control for blood glucose, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol between 2004 and 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the multistage cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey (NHES) IV of 18,629 Thai adults aged ≥20 years conducted in 2009 were used to analyze and compare with the data from NHES III in 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of IFG and diabetes was 10.6 and 7.5%, respectively. Of all diabetes diagnoses, 35.4% were not previously diagnosed, and the proportion was higher in men than in women (47.3 vs. 23.4%, P < 0.05). Compared with those in year 2004, the proportions of individuals with diabetes and concomitant hypertension did not significantly decrease in 2009 in both sexes, but the proportions of women with diabetes who were abdominally obese or had high total cholesterol (≥5.2 mmol/L) significantly increased in 2009 by 18.0 and 23.5%, respectively (all P < 0.01). The rates of treatment and control of blood glucose, high blood pressure, and high total cholesterol were favorably improved in 2009. However, in substantial proportions of individuals with diabetes these concomitants were still controlled suboptimally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of diabetes and IFG remained high in Thai adults. Improvement in detection and control of diabetes and associated metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity and high serum cholesterol, are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok,Thailand. rawap@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Wichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aekplakorn
authors.forename: Suwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chariyalertsak
authors.forename: Pattapong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessomboon
authors.forename: Rassamee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sangthong
authors.forename: Rungkarn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inthawong
authors.forename: Panwadee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Putwatana
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneepanichskul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol