title: Epidemiology of sleep disorders in patients with chronic renal disease in Cairo, Egypt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis therapy suffer from sleep disturbances. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance dialysis and to determine the risk factors underlying these disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 264 patients on maintenance dialysis were enrolled in the study. Demographic, renal, and dialysis data were recorded. Using Personal Professional Interviews, we assessed the presence of the following sleep disorders: insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Moreover, to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances and the possible effect of demographic or clinical data on sleep, we divided our population into two groups: with and without sleep disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of sleep disorders was 61.4%. The survey revealed the presence of insomnia (57.6%), RLS (56.4%), and OSAS (21.2%). Insomnia, RLS, and OSAS were significantly associated with inadequate dialysis, hyperphosphatemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Insomnia and RLS were also significantly associated with anemia. Significant independent association was observed between insomnia and both RLS and OSAS as well as between RLS and OSAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey showed a high prevalence of sleep disruption in dialytic populations. Our data might help nephrologists to deal with patients with uremia with possible sleep disorders.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University bMinistry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Jehan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Omar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Wegdan
mesh_terms: D004534:Egypt; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders