title: Parallel evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin resistance in lepidoptera.
abstract: Despite the prominent and worldwide use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins in agriculture, knowledge of the mechanism by which they kill pests remains incomplete. Here we report genetic mapping of a membrane transporter (ABCC2) to a locus controlling Bt Cry1Ac toxin resistance in two lepidopterans, implying that this protein plays a critical role in Bt function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. swb29@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Francisco R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Badenes-Pérez
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crickmore
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Heckel
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jiggins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012831:Bombyx / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D026801:Synteny
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis