title: Wound repair and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oils from cones of Pinaceae: preclinical experimental research in animal models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethnobotanical surveys revealed that Abies bornmulleriana, Abies cilicica, Abies nordmanniana and Cedrus libani have been used to promote wound healing in Turkish folk medicine. Four different fir species (Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica, Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana, Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, and Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana), Cedrus libani and Picea orientalis were assessed for their in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The essential oils from six different coniferous cones were used. In vivo wound healing activity of the plants was evaluated by linear incision and circular excision experimental wound models subsequently histopathological analysis. The healing potential was comparatively assessed with a reference ointment Madecassol(®), which contains 1% extract of Centella asiatica. Additionally acetic acid-induced capillary permeability test was used for the oils' anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The essential oils from Cedrus libani and Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica demonstrated the highest activities on the both wound models. Moreover, the oil from Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana was found generally highly effective. On the other hand, the rest of the species did not show any remarkable wound healing effect. Results of the present study support the continued and expanded utilization of these plant species employed in Turkish folk medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental study revealed that Cedrus libani and Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica display remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Products Chemistry, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tumen
authors.forename: Esra Küpeli
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Akkol
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Süntar
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keleş
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D051379:Mice; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028201:Pinaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils