title: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene mineralization and bacterial production rates of natural microbial assemblages from coastal sediments.
abstract: The nitrogenous energetic constituent, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), is widely reported to be resistant to bacterial mineralization (conversion to CO(2)); however, these studies primarily involve bacterial isolates from freshwater where bacterial production is typically limited by phosphorus. This study involved six surveys of coastal waters adjacent to three biome types: temperate broadleaf, northern coniferous, and tropical. Capacity to catabolize and mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO(2) was a common feature of natural sediment assemblages from these coastal environments (ranging to 270+/-38 μg C kg(-1) d(-1)). More importantly, these mineralization rates comprised a significant proportion of total heterotrophic production. The finding that most natural assemblages surveyed from these ecosystems can mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO(2) is consistent with recent reports that assemblage components can incorporate TNT ring carbon into bacterial biomass. These data counter the widely held contention that TNT is recalcitrant to bacterial catabolism of the ring carbon in natural environments.
authors.affiliation: Naval Research Laboratory, Marine Biogeochemistry Section, Code 6114, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, USA. michael.montgomery@nrl.navy.mil
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Coffin
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Shelby E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Osburn
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D017753:Ecosystem; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014303:Trinitrotoluene