title: Impaired myocardial flow reserve on rubidium-82 positron emission tomography imaging predicts adverse outcomes in patients assessed for myocardial ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the prognostic value of myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using rubidium-82 ((82)Rb) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients assessed for ischemia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The clinical value of MFR quantification using (82)Rb PET beyond relative myocardial perfusion imaging remains uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 704 consecutive patients; 677 (96%) completed follow-up (median 387 days [interquartile range: 375 to 416 days]). Patients were divided into 4 groups: I, normal summed stress score (SSS) (<4) and normal myocardial flow reserve (MFR) (>2); II, normal SSS and MFR <2; III, SSS ≥4 and MFR ≥2; IV, SSS ≥4 and MFR <2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For patients with a normal SSS and those with an abnormal SSS, there were significant differences in outcomes for hard events (cardiac death and myocardial infarction) between patients with MFR ≥2 and those with MFR <2 (I: 1.3% vs. II: 2% [p = 0.029]; III: 1.1% vs. IV: 11.4% [p = 0.05]) and for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the adjusted Cox model, MFR was an independent predictor of hard events (hazard ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 9.5; p = 0.029) and MACE (hazard ratio: 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 4.4, p = 0.003). The incremental prognostic value of the MFR over the SSS was demonstrated by comparing the adjusted SSS model with and without the MFR for hard events (p = 0.0197) and MACE (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MFR quantified using (82)Rb PET predicts hard cardiac events and MACE independent of the SSS and other parameters. Routine assessment of (82)Rb PET-quantified MFR could improve risk stratification for patients being investigated for ischemia.
authors.affiliation: National Cardiac PET Centre, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ziadi
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dekemp
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Benjamin J W
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: Terrence D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ruddy
authors.forename: Niroshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarveswaran
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Rob S B
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beanlands
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003643:Death; D004176:Dipyridamole; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004176:Dipyridamole