title: Increased prevalence of interleukin-17-producing CD4(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells share plasticity in the expression of interleukin (IL)-17 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), but their mutual presence in human diseases is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-17 and FOXP3 were analyzed by immunohistostaining and flow cytometry. The cytokine milieu was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral squamous cell carcinoma expresses high levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. A unique subset of FOXP3(+) IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells was consistently identified in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from advanced stages of cancer, but not in the circulation, at a frequency of 0.5% to 5.5 % of total CD4(+) T and positively correlated with the frequency of IL-17(+)FOXP3(-) T cells. The IL-17(+)FOXP3(+) T cells express CCR6 and suppress the proliferation of autologous CD4(+) CD25(-) responder T-cells in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of IL-17-producing FOXP3(+) CD4(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jang-Jaer
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yen-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jenq-Yuh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Mark Yen-Ping
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chun-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Ching-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jean-San
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054399:Receptors, CCR6 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C106311:CCR6 protein, human; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054399:Receptors, CCR6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta