title: Trustworthiness and IT suspicion: an evaluation of the nomological network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated the validity of trust in automation and information technology (IT) suspicion by examining their factor structure and relationship with decision confidence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Research on trust has burgeoned, yet the dimensionality of trust remains elusive. Researchers suggest that trust is a unidimensional construct, whereas others believe it is multidimensional. Additionally, novel constructs,such as IT suspicion, have yet to be distinguished from trust in automation. Research is needed to examine the overlap between these constructs and to determine the dimensionality of trust in automation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 72) engaged in a computer-based convoy scenario involving an automated decision aid. The aid fused real-time sensor data and provided route recommendations to participants who selected a route based on (a) a map with historical enemy information, (b) sensor inputs, and (c) automation suggestions. Measures for trust in automation and IT suspicion were administered after individuals interacted with the automation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated three orthogonal factors: trust, distrust, and IT suspicion. Each variable was explored as a predictor of decision confidence. Distrust and trust evidenced unique influences on decision confidence, albeit at different times. Higher distrust related to less confidence, whereas trust related to greater confidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study found that trust in automation was best characterized by two orthogonal dimensions (trust and distrust). Both trust and distrust were found to be independent from IT suspicion,and both distrust and trust uniquely predicted decision confidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Researchers may consider using separate measures for trust and distrust in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7604, USA. Joseph.lyons@wpafb.af.mil
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Charlene K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Eschleman
authors.forename: Gene M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Alarcon
authors.forename: Alex J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barelka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D001331:Automation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D035502:Trust; D055815:Young Adult