title: A prospective study on the prevalence of hydronephrosis in women with pelvic organ prolapse and their outcomes after treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work aims to study the prevalence of hydronephrosis and its associated factors in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and to assess the effect on hydronephrosis following treatment for POP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective observational study, 233 patients with POP were staged by the Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Quantification system, followed by sonographic measurement of bilateral renal pelvis to identify presence of hydronephrosis. Follow-up scan for hydronephrosis was performed after patients were treated for the POP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of hydronephrosis was 10.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 6% and 14%). Although patient's age, higher parity, and the presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension were more common in the group with hydronephrosis, logistic regression analysis indicated that only the severity of POP was an independent risk factor for hydronephrosis. The odds ratio in stages 3 to 4 POP for hydronephrosis was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.3 and 9.2). Hydronephrosis resolved in 95% of patients after they received treatment for POP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of hydronephrosis was 10.3% in patients with POP and patients with stages 3 to 4 POP were at particular higher risk. Hydronephrosis resolved in most of the patients after treatment for the prolapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. anniehui@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Shuk Yi Annie
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Shing Chee Symphorosa
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Suk Yee Judy
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Tze Kin
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Kwok Hung Tony
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D010570:Pessaries; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography