title: Ultrasound therapy modulates osteocalcin expression during bone repair in rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure the temporal pattern of the protein expression of RUNX2, RANKL, OPG, and osteocalcin after ultrasound therapy during the process of bone healing by immunohistochemistry. The animals were randomly distributed into two groups: control or ultrasound-treated group. A non-critical size bone defects were surgically created at the upper third of the tibia. The treatments started 24h post-surgery, and they are performed for 3, 6, and 12 sessions, with an interval of 48h. A low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (1.5MHz, 1:4 duty cycle, intensity SATA 30mW/cm(2), 20min/session, stationary mode application) was used. On days 7, 13, and 25 post-injury, rats were killed individually by carbon dioxide asphyxia. The tibias were removed for analysis. The histopathological analysis pointed out no remarkable differences between groups for all periods evaluated. However, immunohistochemical data revealed that ultrasound therapy produced an up-regulation of osteocalcin at day 7th and 13th post-surgery. Taken together, our results indicate that ultrasound therapy modulates osteocalcin expression during bone repair in rats as depicted by differential immunopression at the initial and intermediate stages of recovery.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Ana Costa, 95, Santos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Muniz
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Renno
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fávaro-Pípi
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tim
authors.forename: Daniel Araki
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013977:Tibia; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D015675:Osteocalcin