title: Biologic rationale of esthetic crown lengthening using innovative proportion gauges.
abstract: Research shows that practitioners tend to underestimate the amount of tooth structure that must be exposed during a crown lengthening procedure. In the anterior portion of the mouth, this can lead to biologic width problems and subsequent cosmetic issues. This paper presents a biologically based, step-by-step approach to periodontal esthetic crown lengthening. Using a series of innovative measuring gauges, the ideal clinical crown length of a tooth as well as the proper occlusogingival placement of the interproximal papilla will be determined based on established, documented tooth proportion relationships. The biologic crown length of the tooth, defined as the distance from the incisal edge to the bone crest, will subsequently be determined as a function of the clinical crown length, with the ultimate goals being adequate tooth structure for the placement of a restorative margin, establishment of a healthy dentogingival complex, and the placement of an esthetically pleasing definitive restoration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA. pfletcher@sdnyonline.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000543:Alveoloplasty / Q000379:methods; D016556:Crown Lengthening / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005890:Gingivectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012904:Smiling; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology