title: Women leaders: the social world of health care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a microcosm of the complexities that women face in a masculine environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten women administrators were selected from one Southeastern University in the USA, using criterion sampling. The interviews of five women from male-dominated colleges (greater than 50 percent male faculty-MD) and five from female-dominated fields (FD) were analyzed. For further study, the texts of the four women from healthcare colleges were compared with the six from non-healthcare fields. Interviewees were asked questions about their background, leadership and power. Confidentiality was adhered to according to the university's IRB guidelines and policies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The social world of the healthcare Deans was evident and was shaped around a "rigid hierarchy of authority and power" that goes beyond gender and is stratified among health-related professions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This examination of the hierarchical discourse of power within the social world of healthcare gives valuable instruction for women's negotiation through adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Women's Health Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. cisaac@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Isaac
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011287:Prejudice; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012577:Schools, Medical; D012931:Social Environment; D015144:Southeastern United States; D014930:Women; D000078329:Workforce