title: Decreasing dietary linoleic acid promotes long chain omega-3 fatty acid incorporation into rat retina and modifies gene expression.
abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may be partially prevented by dietary habits privileging the consumption of ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3s) while lowering linoleic acid (LA) intake. The present study aimed to document whether following these epidemiological guidelines would enrich the neurosensory retina and RPE with ω3s and modulate gene expression in the neurosensory retina. Rat progenitors and pups were fed with diets containing low or high LA, and low or high ω3s. After scotopic single flash and 8-Hz-Flicker electroretinography, rat pups were euthanized at adulthood. The fatty acid profile of the neurosensory retina, RPE, liver, adipose tissue and plasma was analyzed using gas chromatography. Gene expression was analyzed with real-time PCR in the neurosensory retina. Diets rich in ω3s efficiently improved the incorporation of ω3s into the organs and tissues. This raising effect was magnified by lowering LA intake. Compared to a diet with high LA and low ω3s, low LA diets significantly upregulated LDL-receptor gene expression. Similar but not significant upregulation of CD36, ABCA1, ALOX5 and ALOX12 gene expression was observed in rats fed with low LA. No effect was observed on retinal function. Increasing the intake in ω3s and lowering LA improved the enrichment with ω3s of the tissues, including the neurosensory retina and RPE, and upregulated genes involved in lipid trafficking in the neurosensory retina. Those results consistently reinforced the beneficial role of ω3s in the prevention of AMD, especially when the diet contained low levels of LA, as suggested from epidemiological data.
authors.affiliation: Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 1324 INRA, 6265 CNRS, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bardet
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grégoire
authors.forename: Niyazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Alain M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: Catherine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Creuzot-Garcher
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bretillon
mesh_terms: D058927:5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004596:Electroretinography; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058927:5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C548594:Alox5ap protein, rat; D018955:CD36 Antigens; C008132:Cd36 protein, rat; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase