title: NrdH-redoxin protein mediates high enzyme activity in manganese-reconstituted ribonucleotide reductase from Bacillus anthracis.
abstract: Bacillus anthracis is a severe mammalian pathogen encoding a class Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR is a universal enzyme that provides the four essential deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA replication and repair. Almost all Bacillus spp. encode both class Ib and class III RNR operons, but the B. anthracis class III operon was reported to encode a pseudogene, and conceivably class Ib RNR is necessary for spore germination and proliferation of B. anthracis upon infection. The class Ib RNR operon in B. anthracis encodes genes for the catalytic NrdE protein, the tyrosyl radical metalloprotein NrdF, and the flavodoxin protein NrdI. The tyrosyl radical in NrdF is stabilized by an adjacent Mn(2)(III) site (Mn-NrdF) formed by the action of the NrdI protein or by a Fe(2)(III) site (Fe-NrdF) formed spontaneously from Fe(2+) and O(2). In this study, we show that the properties of B. anthracis Mn-NrdF and Fe-NrdF are in general similar for interaction with NrdE and NrdI. Intriguingly, the enzyme activity of Mn-NrdF was approximately an order of magnitude higher than that of Fe-NrdF in the presence of the class Ib-specific physiological reductant NrdH, strongly suggesting that the Mn-NrdF form is important in the life cycle of B. anthracis. Whether the Fe-NrdF form only exists in vitro or whether the NrdF protein in B. anthracis is a true cambialistic enzyme that can work with either manganese or iron remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crona
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torrents
authors.forename: Asmund K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Røhr
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Furrer
authors.forename: Ane B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tomter
authors.forename: K Kristoffer
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahlin
authors.forename: Britt-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sjöberg
mesh_terms: D001059:Apoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000201:enzymology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005418:Flavodoxin / Q000378:metabolism; D020035:Holoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005418:Flavodoxin; D020035:Holoenzymes; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases