title: Evaluation of hydroxyapatite-bioglass and hydroxyapatite-ethyl vinyl acetate composite extracts on antioxidant defense mechanism and genotoxicity: an in vitro study.
abstract: Hydroxyapatite-bioglass (HA BG) and hydroxyapatite-ethyl vinyl acetate (HA EVA) are two composite materials that have been developed for bone substitution. Their activity on antioxidant defense mechanism and genotoxicity has not been investigated before. To further confirm its biocompatibility, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of HA BG and HA EVA on mice liver antioxidant mechanism along with chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. Physiological saline extract of HA BG and HA EVA showed no adverse effect on liver antioxidant mechanism compared to the cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced toxicity on mice liver homogenate. The results were judged from the in vitro studies made on reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation. These results were well supported by CP- and mytomycin C (MC)-induced genotoxicity studies on human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9). Hence, it was suggested that these tests could be considered for preliminary toxicological screening of materials intended for clinical applications ahead of in vivo animal model evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Silja
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Mohanan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C568819:hydroxyapatite-bioglass; C568820:hydroxyapatite-ethyl vinyl acetate; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione