title: Energetic manipulation of chloroplast protein import and the use of chemical cross-linkers to map protein-protein interactions.
abstract: Most chloroplast proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as preproteins with N-terminal cleavable transit peptides and are imported into the organelle through the TOC-TIC translocon system. Import involves a complex set of recognition and membrane translocation steps that ensure the fidelity and unidirectional transport of the polypeptide across the double-membrane chloroplast envelope. To understand the mechanism of import, the molecular interactions and energetics of each step must be defined. Here, we describe the methods for capturing intermediates in the import process through the manipulation of the energy state of chloroplasts, and the use of two different chemical cross-linking approaches to examine the molecular interactions that mediate the import process and to assess the assembly state of the translocons. These approaches can be employed to identify sequential protein-protein interactions, and thereby dissect the pathway and roles of import components during protein import into chloroplasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Danny J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schnell
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D060365:Chloroplast Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D060365:Chloroplast Proteins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate