title: Phosphoproteomics: searching for a needle in a haystack.
abstract: Most of the cellular processes are regulated by reversible phosphorylation of proteins, which in turn plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, cell division, signal transduction, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mass spectrometry of phosphopeptides obtained from tryptic protein digests has become a powerful tool for characterization of phosphoproteins involved in these processes. However, there is a general need to significantly enrich the phosphopeptide content to compensate their low abundance, insufficient ionization, and suppression effects of non-phosphorylated peptides. This paper aims to give a comprehensive overview on the methods involved in recent phosphoproteomics. It presents a description of contemporary enrichment techniques with references to particular studies and compares different approaches to characterization of phosphoproteome by mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. tichy@pmfhk.cz
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tichy
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salovska
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rehulka
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimentova
authors.forename: Jirina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vavrova
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stulik
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernychova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D010750:Phosphoproteins