title: A morphological and molecular study in the Deschampsia cespitosa complex (Poaceae; Poeae; Airinae) in northern North America.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the North American Arctic, the existence of one or several taxa closely related to Deschampsia cespitosa var. cespitosa has remained a puzzle for many years. Extreme morphological variation, lack of clear limits between alleged forms, and an extended geographic range often render identification keys incomplete, and raise the question of how many species this taxon represents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphological and molecular analysis, including multivariate statistics, ITS and the cpDNA marker trnK-rps16, was conducted on D. cespitosa var. cespitosa and related taxa using 201 herbarium specimens from northern North America (Alaska, Canada, and Greenland). Fifty-three morphological centeracters were recorded from all specimens, while sequences were retrieved from 167 specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show that Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. cespitosa, D. cespitosa subsp. alpina (L.) Tzvelev, D. cespitosa subsp. beringensis (Hultén) W. E. Lawr., D. brevifolia R. Br., D. cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. glauca (Hartm.) C. Hartm., D. mackenzieana Raup, D. cespitosa subsp. orientalis Hultén, and D. pumila (Griseb.) Ostenf. differed significantly in a few morphological variables, but molecularly are a closely related group with several sequences and haplotypes that are nearly identical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the evidence points to the existence of a single species, Deschampsia cespitosa. The occurrence of slightly different morphological types related to specific geographical distributions allows recognition of three additional taxa at the infraspecific level, D. cespitosa subsp. alpina, D. cespitosa subsp. beringensis, and D. brevifolia. All studied taxa showed morphological variation in a gradient, suggesting the existence of phenotypic plasticity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Molecular, IMBIV-Universidad de Córdoba-CONICET, Campus Ciudad Universitaria, Velez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Jorge O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Chiapella
authors.forename: Veronica L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: DeBoer
authors.forename: Guillermo C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Amico
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kuhl
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002170:Canada; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics; D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018745:Genome, Plant; D006239:Haplotypes; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009656:North America; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006109:Poaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D018744:DNA, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers