title: Congenital choristomas of the oral cavity in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our institutional experience with oral cavity choristomas in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series and medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records including clinic notes, operative reports, radiologic studies, and pathology specimens were reviewed. All imaging studies and pathology material were reviewed by a head and neck radiologist and pediatric pathologist, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (10 males and 6 females) with congenital oral cavity choristomas were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 1.8 months. Location of the lesions included tongue (n = 9) and floor of mouth (n = 7). Preoperative imaging included magnetic resonance imaging (n = 6), computed tomography (n = 5), plain radiography (n = 1), and no imaging (n = 4). Radiographically, the lesions were consistently lobular with well-defined margins, but other imaging features often mimicked other masses that can arise in the tongue and floor of mouth. Symptoms were present in five of 16 patients and included difficulty feeding, swelling with upper respiratory infection, and partial airway obstruction. Complete surgical excision was performed in 15 of 16 patients; mean age at the time of surgery was 12.7 months. One patient underwent marsupialization. No complications were noted perioperatively. No recurrences of choristoma were seen. On histologic examination, the predominant component was cystic with cyst linings of respiratory epithelium (n = 5), gastric (foveolar) epithelium (n = 1), or both (n = 10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports surgical excision as an effective intervention for children with oral cavity choristomas. Because the etiology of these cysts is unknown and diagnostic terminology is widely variable, we propose a more descriptive diagnosis based on the histology (i.e., lingual choristoma [or lingual developmental cyst] with respiratory epithelium or lingual choristoma [or lingual developmental cyst] with gastric epithelium).
authors.affiliation: Department of OtolaryngologyChildren's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania 15224, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ozolek
authors.forename: Barton F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Branstetter
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002828:Choristoma / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome