title: Teucrium plant species as natural sources of novel anticancer compounds: antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antioxidant properties.
abstract: This study deals with total phenolic content, antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of methanolic extracts from different Teucrium species and the effect on the prooxidant/antioxidant status in HCT-116 cells. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured spectrophotometricaly and the obtained results ranged from 56.62 mg/g to 172.50 mg GA/g. The antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts from different Teucrium species was determined using MTT cell viability assay, where IC(50) value was used as a parameter for cytotoxicity. The type of cell death was explored by fluorescence microscopy using the acridin orange/ethidium bromide method. MTT assay showed that all extracts significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with very low IC(50) values. The highest content of phenolic compounds and the best cytotoxic activity on HCT-116 cells after 24 h of exposure was in T. chamaedrys extract, with IC(50) values of 5.48 × 10(-9) μg/mL. After 72 h, methanolic extract of T. arduini appeared to have the best cytotoxic activity on HCT-116, with IC(50) values of 0.37 μg/mL. Treatments caused typical apoptotic morphological changes in HCT-116 cells and showed a high percentage of apoptotic cells. The results of the presented research indicate that some Teucrium extracts are a very rich source of phenols, which may directly contribute to high antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Str. Radoja Domanovića No. 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia; E-Mails: milenagen@gmail.com (M.G.C.); jovanazizic@gmail.com (J.B.Z.); marina@kg.ac.rs (M.D.T.); smarkovic@kg.ac.rs (S.D.M.).
authors.forename: Milan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stankovic
authors.forename: Milena G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Curcic
authors.forename: Jovana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zizic
authors.forename: Marina D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Topuzovic
authors.forename: Slavica R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Solujic
authors.forename: Snezana D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Markovic
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry; D031367:Teucrium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C040618:teucrium extract; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide