title: Influence of pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders on grip force timing.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective repeated-measures design.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pain is a common symptom associated with musculoskeletal conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined if pain resulting from a unilateral upper extremity musculoskeletal injury compromises the person's ability to rapidly initiate and release handgrip.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delays in initiating and releasing a handgrip were determined for 28 individuals with "low pain" and 12 individuals with "high pain" in the injured upper extremity. All participants had no pain in the uninjured upper extremity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high-pain group was 10% slower in initiating and releasing a grip than the low-pain group, in both injured and uninjured upper extremities, for both maximal and submaximal grips. In addition, delay in grip initiation was, on average, 8% longer for the injured than for the uninjured upper extremity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral musculoskeletal pain appears to delay grip initiation and relaxation bilaterally, perhaps due to a centrally mediated mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  n/a.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. seon@uwm.edu
authors.forename: Na Jin
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Bhagwant S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sindhu
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shechtman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016896:Treatment Outcome