title: Development of a monoclonal antibody-based, congener-specific and solvent-tolerable direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in environmental samples.
abstract: A sensitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the specific detection of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in environmental samples was developed. A hapten mimicking BDE-47 was synthesized by introducing a butyric acid spacer into 5-hydroxy-BDE-47 and coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin to form an immunogen for the production of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against BDE-47. The most sensitive direct ELISA was formatted with a Mab, designated as 4F2, in combination with 5-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)pentanoic acid peroxidase as a tracer. The inhibition half-maximum concentrations and limit of detection of BDE-47 in phosphate buffered saline with 25% DMSO were 1.4 ± 0.05 and 0.1 ng mL(-1), respectively. Cross-reactivity values of the ELISA with the tested BDE congeners and metabolites were ≤5.8%. This assay was used to determine BDE-47 in soil, sediment and house dust samples after ultrasonic extraction, simple cleanup and concentration steps. The average recoveries, repeatabilities (intraday extractions and analyses), and intra-laboratory reproducibilities (interday extractions and analyses) were in a range of 92-126%, 8-19% and 9-25%, respectively. Applied to 44 real samples, the results of this assay displayed a statistically significant correlation with those of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method (R(2)=0.79-0.85), indicating this ELISA is a suitable tool for environmental analyses of BDE-47.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Weilin L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Shelver
authors.forename: Zhanhui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D004777:Environment; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006241:Haptens / Q000378:metabolism; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006241:Haptens; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012987:Soil; D012997:Solvents; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin