title: Brown's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the various causes of Brown's syndrome, provide a historical account of the progression of Brown's syndrome, and to bring attention to clinical characteristics specific to Brown's syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inability to elevate an eye in adduction is a common problem with a number of possible causes usually pointing to cyclovertical muscle involvement. The specific cause can usually be determined by either the three-step test or forced ductions. Because Brown's syndrome does not involve a paretic cyclovertical muscle but rather a mechanical muscle limitation, forced ductions instead of the three-step test must be used to evaluate a patient of Brown's syndrome and is crucial in the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recognition of true Brown's syndrome can be accomplished by clinical examination and confirming the diagnosis with a positive forced duction test.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5109, USA. donelson.manley@verizon.net
authors.forename: Donelson R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.forename: Rizwan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Alvi
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013577:Syndrome