title: Dermatoscopy of facial actinic keratosis, intraepidermal carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma: a progression model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the dermoscopic features of keratinocyte skin cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the dermoscopic features of facial actinic keratosis (AK), intraepidermal carcinoma (IEC), moderately to poorly differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and well-differentiated SCC of the keratoacanthoma type.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective analysis of dermoscopic images of histopathologically diagnosed keratinocyte skin cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 243 (70 AK, 71 IEC, 78 SCC, and 24 keratoacanthomas) tumors of the face from 243 patients (mean age: 71.1 years; range: 44-94 years) were analyzed. The majority of patients had a fair skin type, history of melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer, and multiple AK. A red pseudonetwork was significantly associated with AK (P < .001), whereas dotted/glomerular vessels, diffuse yellow opaque scales, and microerosions were significantly more prevalent among IEC (P < .001). Hairpin vessels, linear-irregular vessels, targetoid hair follicles, white structureless areas, a central mass of keratin, and ulceration were significantly associated with invasive SCC (P < .001 for all criteria). Similar patterns as in SCC were observed among keratoacanthomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retrospective design of our study and the lack of assessment of sensitivity and specificity of the dermoscopic criteria are limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our findings we propose a progression model of facial AK developing into IEC and invasive SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. iris.zalaudek@gmail.com
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zalaudek
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giacomel
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bondino
authors.forename: Cliff
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosendahl
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavicchini
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourlaki
authors.forename: Saturnino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bourne
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eibenschutz
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catricalà
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Argenziano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D046169:Dermoscopy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007636:Keratoacanthoma / Q000473:pathology*; D055623:Keratosis, Actinic / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*