title: A biomimetic chitosan derivates: preparation, characterization and transdermal enhancement studies of N-arginine chitosan.
abstract: A novel arginine-rich chitosan (CS) derivates mimicked cell penetration peptides; N-Arginine chitosan (N-Arg-CS) was prepared by two reaction methods involving activated L-arginine and the amine group on the chitosan. FTIR spectra showed that arginine was chemically coupled with CS. Elemental analysis estimated that the degrees of substitution (DS) of arginine in CS were 6%, 31.3% and 61.5%, respectively. The drug adefovir was chosen as model and its permeation flux across excised mice skin was investigated using a Franz diffusion cell. The results showed that the most effective enhancer was 2% (w/v) concentration of 10 kDa N-Arg-CS with 6% DS. At neutral pH, the cumulative amount of adefovir permeated after 12 hours was 2.63 ± 0.19 mg cm(-2) which was 5.83-fold more than adefovir aqueous solution. Meanwhile N-Arg-CS was 1.83, 2.22, and 2.45 times more effective than Azone, eucalyptus and peppermint, respectively. The obtained results suggest that N-Arg-CS could be a promising transdermal enhancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 tongjiaxiang Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Zhen-Hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Pan
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing-Qing
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xu-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lu-Lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huo
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D057846:Cell-Penetrating Peptides; D063065:Organophosphonates; C053001:adefovir; D048271:Chitosan; D001120:Arginine; D000225:Adenine