title: Intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells: master regulators of tolerance?
abstract: CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in the intestinal mucosa play a crucial role in tolerance to commensal bacteria and food antigens. These cells originate in the lamina propria (LP) and migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), where they drive the differentiation of gut-homing FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells by producing retinoic acid from dietary vitamin A. Local 'conditioning' factors in the LP might also contribute to this tolerogenic profile of CD103(+) DCs. Considerably less is understood about the generation of active immunity or inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. This might require alterations in pre-existing CD103(+) DCs, arrival of new DCs, or the action of a distinct DC population. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of this as yet incompletely understood population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Aude M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aumeunier
authors.forename: Allan McI
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mowat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D007109:Immunity; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000276:immunology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D011134:Polysaccharides; C091367:alpha E integrins; D014212:Tretinoin