title: Is schizophrenia developmental adaptation to environmental menaces?
abstract: Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder, with its symptoms typically emerging during late adolescence to young adulthood. In contrast, accumulating evidence suggests that schizophrenia is a developmental disorder in which brain abnormalities may occur even before birth. This has brought the major challenge to explain such discrepancy of brain deficits occurring during prenatal period and emergence of symptoms during adulthood. A number of ideas have been proposed to explain delayed emergence of symptoms at adulthood in relation to maturational processes of various brain systems during adolescence. However, these still lack clear relationship to prenatal deficits. Thus, a key to better understand the pathology of schizophrenia is to unveil a theory or model that can explain the relationship between prenatal deficits and post-pubertal onset of symptoms. Here we propose a novel hypothesis, along with discussion of several lines of evidences supporting it, that schizophrenia may not be a disorder in a strict sense, but rather be understood as the biological state occurring as consequence of adaptation to severe environmental conditions during the prenatal periods, which explains the relationship between prenatal developmental deficits and the postnatal maturational process for onset of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. yukiori.goto@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Yukiori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Young-A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*