title: Development of a rapid dipstick with latex immunochromatographic assay (DLIA) for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schistosomiasis japonica (schistosomiasis) is a zoonosis that can seriously affect human health. At present, the immunodiagnostic assays for schistosomiasis detection are time-consuming and require well-trained personnel and special instruments, which can limit their use in the field. Thus, there is a pressing need for a simple and rapid immunoassay to screen patients on a large scale. In this study, we developed a novel rapid dipstick with latex immunochromatographic assay (DLIA) to detect anti-Schisaosoma japonicum antibodies in human serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using latex microspheres as a color probe, DLIA was established to test standard positive and negative sera, in comparison with the classical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity and specificity of DLIA were 95.10% (97/102) and 94.91% (261/275), respectively. The cross-reaction rates with clonorchiosis, intestinal nematodes, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and paragonimiasis were 0, 0, 0 and 42.11% respectively. All the results showed no significant difference to the ELISA. In field tests, 333 human serum samples from an endemic area were tested with DLIA, and compared with ELISA and Kato-Katz method. There was no significant difference between DLIA and ELISA on positive and negative rates of detection; however, significant differences existed between DLIA and Kato-Katz method, and between ELISA and Kato-Katz method. The kappa value between DLIA and ELISA was 0.90.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study in which DLIA was used to detect anti-Schistosoma japonicum antibody. The results show that DLIA is a simple, rapid, convenient, sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and is therefore very suitable for large-scale field applications and clinical detection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jian-Zu
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Li-Yong
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Xiao-Lan
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shao-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiao-Nong
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D007840:Latex; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000276:immunology*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D044967:Serum / Q000276:immunology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D007840:Latex