title: Risk factors of post renal transplant anaemia among Sudanese patients, a study in three renal transplant centres.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a relative lack of recent information about late post kidney transplantation anaemia (PTA), especially in the developing countries; data are scarce about the prevalence and risk factors of PTA. Sudan was a leading country in Africa and Arab world in kidney transplantation. The first kidney transplantation in Sudan was in 1973.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional hospital analytic study enrolling all kidney transplanted recipients following in the transplant referral clinics at Ahmed Gassim, Selma and Ibn Sina Hospitals, Khartoum/Sudan, in the period from 1/8/2010 to 1/9/2010, clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 114 patients, anaemia was defined as Hb levels of < 13 g/dl for male patients and < 12 g/dl for female patients, exclusion criteria were pregnancy, below 18 years old patients, multiple organ transplantation, and patients with less than one year from the transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed that 39.5% of the patients were anaemic. Univariate analysis showed that late PTA is significantly associated with not using Erythropoietin (EPO) in the pre-transplant period (p = < 0.001), history of rejection (p = 0.003), longer time from transplantation (p = 0.015), and eGFR (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that eGFR (p = < 0.001) and not use of EPO in the pre transplant period (p < 0.001) are strong predictors of PTA. The use of Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptors blockers (ACEI/ARB), immunosuppressive treatments, presence or absence of co-morbidities, donor type and donor age are not significantly associated with late PTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that late PTA is common and under recognized. Risk factors for late PTA include renal dysfunction, history of rejection, longer duration of transplantation and not using EPO in the pre-transplant period. Renal dysfunction and not using EPO in the pre-transplant period are major predictors of late PTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Nephrology, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan. amin.banaga@gmail.com
authors.forename: Amin S I
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Banaga
authors.forename: Mohamed E A
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Yousif
authors.forename: Khalifa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elmusharaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013397:Sudan / Q000208:ethnology; D013997:Time Factors