title: Role of risk factors proximate to time of trauma in the course of PTSD and MDD symptoms following traumatic injury.
abstract: Questions exist regarding whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are unique sequelae of trauma or a manifestation of a single form of psychopathology. Using latent growth modeling, we examined the role of risk factors occurring within 48 hours of the time of trauma on the course of PTSD and MDD symptoms over an 8-month period in 163 participants recruited from a level 1 surgical trauma center. Both PTSD and MDD symptoms showed peak prevalence by 1 month and significantly decreased over 7 months. Greater postinjury pain and PTSD symptoms (measured within 48 hours of trauma) predicted higher rates of both PTSD and MDD symptoms at 1 month. Other predictors were unique to each disorder. Results suggest that PTSD and MDD are related consequences of trauma.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. snorman@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Sonya B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.forename: Abigail A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hoyt
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult