title: 24-hour bronchodilation following a single dose of the novel β(2)-agonist olodaterol in COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines recommend long-acting bronchodilators as maintenance therapy in COPD when symptoms are not adequately controlled with short-acting agents. Olodaterol is a novel long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist with a pre-clinical profile that suggests 24-h bronchodilation may be achieved with once-daily administration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess dose- and time-response in terms of bronchodilator efficacy, and to evaluate pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of single doses of olodaterol administered via Respimat(®) Soft Mist™ Inhaler in COPD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 5-way crossover study including 24-h spirometry (FEV(1), FVC), safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (in a subset of patients) following dosing of olodaterol 2 μg, 5 μg, 10 μg and 20 μg; the washout period between test-days was at least 14 days. Primary endpoint of the study was the 24-h post-dosing FEV(1). Patients participating in the pharmacokinetic assessments continued in an open-label extension phase to establish pharmacokinetics of olodaterol 40 μg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  36 patients were assigned to treatment; mean baseline prebronchodilator FEV(1) was 1.01 L (37% predicted normal). All doses of olodaterol provided significantly greater bronchodilation compared to placebo in 24-h FEV(1) post-dose (p < 0.001); a clear dose-response relationship was observed, with values ranging from 0.070 L for olodaterol 2 μg to 0.119 L for olodaterol 20 μg. Similarly, olodaterol was superior to placebo (p < 0.001) in peak FEV(1) (0.121 L to 0.213 L) and average FEV(1) both during the daytime (0-12 h; ranging from 0.099 L to 0.184 L) and night-time (12-24 h; ranging from 0.074 L to 0.141 L). FVC results were consistent with those observed for FEV(1). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the peak plasma concentrations and renal excretion suggested no obvious deviation from dose-proportionality over the investigated dose range of 2 μg-40 μg; in most patients, no plasma levels could be detected following the 2 μg dose. All treatments were well tolerated with no apparent dose relation in terms of adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olodaterol appears to be a promising long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist,with bronchodilation maintained over 24 h that offers an opportunity for once-daily dosing in patients who require maintenance bronchodilator therapy for the management of COPD symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Respiratory Diseases, Atrium medisch centrum, The Netherlands. j.a.vannoord@atriummc.nl
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Noord
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Drenth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rascher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pivovarova
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: P J G
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D048588:Benzoxazines; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; C549647:olodaterol