title: β-arrestin2 mediates β-2 adrenergic receptor signaling inducing prostate             cancer cell progression.
abstract: The expression of the β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), one of the stress-inducible             receptors, has been reported to be closely correlated with malignant tumors. Prostate             cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among males, accompanied with increased             castration levels and β2AR activation in patients. However, the role of β2AR activation             in prostate cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.             Here, we found that β2AR activation promoted cell proliferation and cell migration             through increasing cellular adenylyl cyclase (cAMP) levels and ERK1/2 activation             in LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Moreover, the scaffold protein β-arrestin2             was found to be involved in the β2AR-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and cell proliferation             using stable overexpressing β-arrestin2 LNCaP (LNCaP-βArr2) cells. Furthermore,             enhanced β-arrestin2/c-Src complex formation by β2AR activation was observed in             LNCaP-βArr2 cells. In addition, the c-Src inhibitor could block this enhanced             complex formation and suppressed cell proliferation. This study demonstrates that             βArr2 is involved in prostate carcinogenesis induced by stress and provides potential             therapeutic targets for cancer.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
authors.forename: Penghui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D019390:Arrestins; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D007545:Isoproterenol