title: A spirituality teaching program for depression: qualitative findings on cognitive and emotional change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted with participants from a trial evaluating an 8-week spirituality teaching program to treat unipolar major depression. The objectives of this study were to understand the nature of the observed mood following participation in the spirituality based intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used the methods of a naturalistic inquiry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 interviewees were purposefully sampled from the trial population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention consisted of audio CDs for home-based use that delivered lectures and stories about spirituality, suggested behavioural applications and included relaxation practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant 6 months post program completion. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were coded for patterns of substantive core meaning in terms of the participants' subjective and behavioural experiences of the program materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants described an expanded spiritual awareness, characterized by a sense of connection with self, others, the world and universal energy. The primary influences participants reported occurred as a result of practicing forgiveness, compassion, gratitude and acceptance in their daily lives and included reduced negative thinking patterns, being less judgmental, reduced ego-centricity, and improved self-esteem. Concurrent with these shifts, participants experienced an improved mood characterized by reduced anxiety and/or depression, mental clarity, calmness and improved relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that the spirituality teaching program impacts depression by expanding spiritual beliefs and shifting perspectives of life situations, oneself and others. Spiritual teachings and practices could be an innovative and valuable adjunct intervention to treat depression.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Institute for Natural and Integrative Medicine, Calgary, Canada. s.moritz@cinim.org
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Mary T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Tracy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toews
authors.forename: Badri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rickhi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003071:Cognition; D016250:Compact Disks; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004532:Ego; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D061347:Forgiveness; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D019222:Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical; D026441:Mind-Body Therapies; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012648:Self Care; D012649:Self Concept; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013663:Teaching; D013850:Thinking