title: Comparison of cardiac output determined by arterial pulse pressure waveform analysis method (FloTrac/Vigileo) versus lithium dilution method in anesthetized dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the determination of cardiac output (CO) via arterial pulse pressure waveform analysis (FloTrac/Vigileo) versus lithium dilution method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were instrumented for CO determinations using lithium dilution (LiDCO) and FloTrac/Vigileo methods. Direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and end-tidal isoflurane (ETIso) and CO(2) concentrations were measured throughout the study while CO was manipulated with different depth of anesthesia and rapid administration of isotonic crystalloids at 60 mL/kg/h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline CO measurements were obtained at 1.3% ETIso and were lowered by 3% ETIso. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate with LiDCO and averaged for comparison with corresponding values measured continuously with the FloTrac/Vigileo method. For 30 comparisons between methods, a mean bias of -100 mL/kg/min and 95% limits of agreement between -311 and +112 mL/kg/min (212 mL/kg/min) was determined. The mean (mL/kg/min) of the differences of LiDCO-Vigileo=62.0402+-0.8383 × Vigileo, and the correlation coefficient (r) between the 2 methods 0.70 for all CO determinations. The repeatability coefficients for the individual LiDCO and FloTrac/Vigileo methods were 187 and 400 mL/kg/min, respectively. Mean LiDCO and FloTrac/Vigileo values from all measurements were 145 ± 68 mL/kg/min (range, 64-354) and 244 ± 144 mL/kg/min (range, 89-624), respectively. The overall mean relative error was 48 ± 14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FloTrac/Vigileo overestimated CO values compared with LiDCO and the relative error was high, which makes this method unreliable for use in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. valverde@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gianotti
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rioja
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hathway
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018021:Lithium Chloride