title: Frequency of human immunodeficiency virus type-2 in hiv infected patients in Maputo City, Mozambique.
abstract: The HIV/AIDS pandemic is primarily caused by HIV-1. Another virus type, HIV-2, is found mainly in West African countries. We hypothesized that population migration and mobility in Africa may have facilitated the introduction and spreading of HIV-2 in Mozambique. The presence of HIV-2 has important implications for diagnosis and choice of treatment of HIV infection. Hence, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV-2 infection and its genotype in Maputo, Mozambique.HIV-infected individuals (N = 1,200) were consecutively enrolled and screened for IgG antibodies against HIV-1 gp41 and HIV-2 gp36 using peptide-based enzyme immunoassays (pepEIA). Specimens showing reactivity on the HIV-2 pepEIA were further tested using the INNO-LIA immunoblot assay and HIV-2 PCR targeting RT and PR genes. Subtype analysis of HIV-2 was based on the protease gene.After screening with HIV-2 pepEIA 1,168 were non-reactive and 32 were reactive to HIV-2 gp36 peptide. Of this total, 30 specimens were simultaneously reactive to gp41 and gp36 pepEIA while two samples reacted solely to gp36 peptide. Only three specimens containing antibodies against gp36 and gp105 on the INNO-LIA immunoblot assay were found to be positive by PCR to HIV-2 subtype A.The proportion of HIV-2 in Maputo City was 0.25% (90%CI 0.01-0.49). The HIV epidemic in Southern Mozambique is driven by HIV-1, with HIV-2 also circulating at a marginal rate. Surveillance program need to improve HIV-2 diagnosis and consider periodical survey aiming to monitor HIV-2 prevalence in the country.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique.
authors.forename: Cremildo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maueia
authors.forename: Deise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Bindiya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meggi
authors.forename: Nalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ismael
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walle
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curvo
authors.forename: Celina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Amilcar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanuri
authors.forename: Ilesh V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Jani
authors.forename: Orlando C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009073:Mozambique; D058974:Phylogeography; D011159:Population Surveillance; D019562:Viral Load / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41