title: Diagnosis of ventilator-associated respiratory infections (VARI): microbiologic clues for tracheobronchitis (VAT) and pneumonia (VAP).
abstract: Intubated patients are at risk of bacterial colonization and ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI). VARI includes tracheobronchitis (VAT) or pneumonia (VAP). VAT and VAP caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are increasing in the United States and Europe. In patients with risk factors for MDR pathogens, empiric antibiotics are often initiated for 48 to 72 hours pending the availability of pathogen identification and antibiotic sensitivity data. Extensive data indicate that early, appropriate antibiotic therapy improves outcomes for patients with VAP. Recognizing and treating VARI may allow earlier appropriate therapy and improved patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Disease & Prevention, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805, USA. donald.e.craven@lahey.org
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hudcova
authors.forename: Yuxiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D001991:Bronchitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D014136:Tracheitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology