title: Cytokine signatures of innate and adaptive immunity in 17DD yellow fever vaccinated children and its association with the level of neutralizing antibody.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The live attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccines have been available for decades and are considered highly effective and one of the safest vaccines worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of YF-17DD-antigens recall on cytokine profiles of YF-17DD-vaccinated children were characterized using short-term cultures of whole blood samples and single-cell flow cytometry. This study enrolled seroconverters and nonseroconverters after primovaccination (PV-PRNT⁺ and PV-PRNT⁻), seroconverters after revaccination (RV-PRNT⁺), and unvaccinated volunteers (UV-PRNT⁻).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis demonstrated in the PV-PRNT⁺ group a balanced involvement of pro-inflammatory/regulatory adaptive immunity with a prominent participation of innate immunity pro-inflammatory events (IL-12⁺ and TNF-α⁺ NEU and MON). Using the PV-PRNT⁺ cytokine signature as a reference profile, PV-PRNT⁻ presented a striking lack of innate immunity proinflammatory response along with an increased adaptive regulatory profile (IL-4⁺CD4⁺ T cells and IL-10⁺ and IL-5⁺CD8⁺ T cells). Conversely, the RV-PRNT⁺ shifted the overall cytokine signatures toward an innate immunity pro-inflammatory profile and restored the adaptive regulatory response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrated that the overall cytokine signature was associated with the levels of PRNT antibodies with a balanced innate/adaptive immunity with proinflammatory/regulatory profile as the hallmark of PV-PRNT(MEDIUM⁺), whereas a polarized regulatory response was observed in PV-PRNT⁻ and a prominent proinflammatory signature was the characteristic of PV-PRNT(HIGH⁺).
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luiza-Silva
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Campi-Azevedo
authors.forename: Maurício Azevedo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Marina Angela
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Renato Sathler
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Avelar
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: da Silveira Lemos
authors.forename: Luiz Antonio
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bastos Camacho
authors.forename: Reinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Menezes Martins
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lourdes de Sousa Maia
authors.forename: Roberto Henrique
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Guedes Farias
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Silva Freire
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galler
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: José Geraldo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Leite Ribeiro
authors.forename: Jandira Aparecida
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Campos Lemos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auxiliadora-Martins
authors.forename: Silvana Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Eloi-Santos
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors.forename: Olindo Assis
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine