title: A rapid screening test for depression in junior high school children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression generates a remarkable disease burden. Early onset of depression in young people is associated with a poor prognosis. This has precipitated developing a screening instrument for early detection of depression in Taiwan adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 662 junior high school students who completed the Screening Test for Depression (STD) designed using diagnostic and statistical manual-IV diagnostic criteria of major depressive disorder for assessing depressive symptoms. The students were then interviewed by psychiatrists who used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Kid to verify the validity of the soon-to-be-developed Rapid STD (RSTD). Multiple logistic regression analysis of the STD results was used to extract items for the RSTD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We extracted four items for the RSTD: "insomnia or hypersomnia", "recurrent thoughts of death or recurrent suicidal ideation", "feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt", and "psychomotor agitation or retardation". Any two of the first three yielded the best-balanced algorithm for major depressive disorder, which had a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 92.9%, positive predictive value of 28.6%, and negative predictive value of 99.0%. Any two of the four yielded the best-balanced algorithm for depressive disorders, which had a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 92.0%, the positive predictive value of 33.3%, and the negative predictive value of 98.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RSTD, a 4-item tool for junior high school children, can be easily used to assess fluctuating risks of major depressive disorder and depressive disorders at any time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Psychiatry, Jianan Mental Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ming-Shun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hsien-Jane
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Wen-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chieh-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chien-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Wei-Che
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying-Sheue
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Pesus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors