title: Disability and health-related rehabilitation in international disaster relief.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural disasters result in significant numbers of disabling impairments. Paradoxically, however, the traditional health system response to natural disasters largely neglects health-related rehabilitation as a strategic intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of health-related rehabilitation in natural disaster relief along three lines of inquiry: (1) epidemiology of injury and disability, (2) impact on health and rehabilitation systems, and (3) the assessment and measurement of disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative literature review and secondary data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absolute numbers of injuries as well as injury to death ratios in natural disasters have increased significantly over the last 40 years. Major impairments requiring health-related rehabilitation include amputations, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries (SCI), and long bone fractures. Studies show that persons with pre-existing disabilities are more likely to die in a natural disaster. Lack of health-related rehabilitation in natural disaster relief may result in additional burdening of the health system capacity, exacerbating baseline weak rehabilitation and health system infrastructure. Little scientific evidence on the effectiveness of health-related rehabilitation interventions following natural disaster exists, however. Although systematic assessment and measurement of disability after a natural disaster is currently lacking, new approaches have been suggested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health-related rehabilitation potentially results in decreased morbidity due to disabling injuries sustained during a natural disaster and is, therefore, an essential component of the medical response by the host and international communities. Significant systematic challenges to effective delivery of rehabilitation interventions during disaster include a lack of trained responders as well as a lack of medical recordkeeping, data collection, and established outcome measures. Additional development of health-related rehabilitation following natural disaster is urgently required.
authors.affiliation: International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine-ISPRM, Rehabilitation Disaster Relief Committee, Assenede, Ghent, Belgium. jan.reinhardt@paranet.ch
authors.forename: Jan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gosney
authors.forename: Farooq A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Haig
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: DeLisa
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012066:Relief Work; D014944:World Health Organization; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*