title: [Evaluation of the side effects of intravenous patient controlled analgesia after spine surgery].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have adopted intrravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) for spine surgery. We could not find reports about detailed examinations of the side effects of IV-PCA using morphine after spine surgery, so we investigated retrospectively side effects in cases using morphine IV-PCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients underwent IV-PCA after spine surgery. The contents of PCA pump were morphine 20 mg (= 2 ml), droperidol 2 mg (= 0.8 ml), and saline 77 ml. We fixed continuous infusion at 2 ml x hr(-1), bolus infusion at 2 ml x hr(-1), and lockout time at 15 minutes. Respiration time, SpO2, blood pressure, pulse rate, nausea and vomiting, and VAS were monitored while IV-PCA was in use. When severe side effects were noticed, IV-PCA was discontinued by physician in charge. We judged discontinuation of IV-PCA as occurrence of severe side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IV-PCA was discontinued in seven patients. The causes of discontinuation were nausea and vomiting, hypotension, and bradycardia. Nausea and vomiting was the most common cause and found mostly in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because IV-PCA was discontinuated in 8.2% of patients, it was thought that its management depending on patients' personal state was necessary to utilize IV-PCA as a method of postoperative analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imashuku
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nosaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D004329:Droperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D004329:Droperidol