title: Differential virus restriction patterns of rhesus macaque and human APOBEC3A: implications for lentivirus evolution.
abstract: The human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic peptide-like 3 (APOBEC3; A3) family of proteins (A3A-H) are known to restrict various retroviruses and retroelements, but the full complement of rhesus macaque A3 proteins remains unclear. We report the isolation and characterization of the hA3A homologue from rhesus macaques (rhA3A) and show that the rhesus macaque and human A3 genes are orthologous. RhA3A is expressed at high levels in activated CD4+ T cells, is widely expressed in macaque tissues, and is degraded in the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) genomes. Our results indicate that rhA3A is a potent inhibitor of SHIVΔvif and to a lesser extent HIV-1Δvif. Unlike hA3A, rhA3A did not inhibit adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV-2) replication and L1 retrotransposition. These data suggest an evolutionary switch in primate A3A virus specificity and provide the first evidence that a primate A3A can inhibit lentivirus replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Kejun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Malinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Algaier
authors.forename: Autumn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wissing
authors.forename: Mario L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000276:immunology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018626:Retroelements / Q000276:immunology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018626:Retroelements; D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase