title: Comparison of the performance of conventional, temperature-controlled, and ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography in analyzing pyrethroid pesticides in honey samples.
abstract: This research paper presents a comparative study of the performance of conventional, ultrasound-assisted (UA), and temperature-controlled (TC) ionic liquid (IL) dispersive liquid-phase microextraction (IL-DLLME). Various parameters that affect extraction efficiency, such as type and volume of extraction and disperser solvent, centrifugation time, salt addition, effect of temperature on TC-IL-DLLME, and effect of sonication time on UA-IL-DLLME, were evaluated. UA-IL-DLLME was found to provide the best extraction efficiency. Under optimized conditions, great enrichment factors (506-515) and good recoveries (101.2-103.0%) were obtained by analyte extraction in real samples. The limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.21 to 0.38 μg L(-1). Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.5-200 μg L(-1) for ethofenprox and tetramethrin, and 1-200 μg L(-1) for meperfluthrin and alpha-cypermethrin. Based on optimized conditions, the UA-IL-DLLME method was applied and combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) to determine the presence of ethofenprox, tetramethrin, meperfluthrin, and alpha-cypermethrin in honey samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100194, China.
authors.forename: Jiaheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Songqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins