title: Long-term outcome of excisional organ sparing surgery for carcinoma of the penis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present our experience with penile sparing surgery for localized carcinoma in situ and T1 penile squamous cell carcinoma. We report outcomes and recommendations for a penile sparing approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients underwent penile sparing surgery for penile squamous cell carcinoma since 1995. Four patients without recurrence had less than 6 months of followup and were excluded from study. Data included disease stage, cellular differentiation, tumor site, penile sparing surgery type and recurrence information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Followup was adequate in 28 patients with carcinoma in situ and in 28 with T1 disease. The overall recurrence rate was 21.4% with equal recurrences of carcinoma in situ and T1 tumors (each 21.4%). Mean ± SD time to recurrence was 4.28 ± 2.81 years (range 0.5 to 11). More than 25% of recurrences developed after 5 years. Mean followup in censored patients was 5.47 ± 3.88 years (maximum 16). There was no difference in time to recurrence after carcinoma in situ and T1 tumors (p = 0.738). T1 tumors on the glans carried a slightly higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.049). At 5 years 13.8% of patients at risk had late recurrence with a mean time to recurrence of 7.25 ± 2.62 years. No patients with carcinoma in situ showed invasion or metastasis. Two patients with T1 disease presented with metastasis and 3 had late metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penile sparing surgery is a safe option for local control for appropriate carcinoma in situ and T1 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Carcinoma in situ recurrence may be re-treated with penile sparing surgery. T1 tumors that recur require more aggressive resection. Our data show significant late recurrences in patients and the need for long-term followup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: W Scott
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McDougal
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*