title: Metabolic responses of Eisenia fetida after sub-lethal exposure to organic contaminants with different toxic modes of action.
abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)--based metabolomics has the potential to identify toxic responses of contaminants within a mixture in contaminated soil. This study evaluated the metabolic response of Eisenia fetida after exposure to an array of organic compounds to determine whether contaminant-specific responses could be identified. The compounds investigated in contact tests included: two pesticides (carbaryl and chlorpyrifos), three pharmaceuticals (carbamazephine, estrone and caffeine), two persistent organohalogens (Aroclor 1254 and PBDE 209) and two industrial compounds (nonylphenol and dimethyl phthalate). Control and contaminant-exposed metabolic profiles were distinguished using principal component analysis and potential contaminant-specific biomarkers of exposure were found for several contaminants. These results suggest that NMR-based metabolomics offers considerable promise for differentiating between the different toxic modes of action (MOA) associated with sub-lethal toxicity to earthworms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McKelvie
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Magda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Celejewski
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaee
authors.forename: André J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Myrna J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012989:Soil Pollutants