title: Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on plasma bioelements in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: The proper concentrations of plasma bioelements may favorably reduce the incidence of metabolic disorders, which often occur during immunosuppressive therapy. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is currently one of the most frequently administered immunosuppressive agents; however, MMF treatment is often related to gastrointestinal side effects. The aim of this study was thus to verify whether the MMF treatment itself, or its metabolite pharmacokinetics, has an effect on the concentrations of plasma bioelements. To determine this, the effect of MMF on the levels of both major (sodium [Na], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg]), and trace (iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu]) plasma bioelements in 61 renal transplant recipients was assessed in comparison to a control group (n = 45). The pharmacokinetic parameters of mycophenolic acid were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography method. All patients filled out a 24-h diet history questionnaire. The results showed high plasma concentrations of Fe and low plasma concentrations of Mg and Zn as compared with diagnostic norms. The patients treated with MMF had significantly lower plasma Na (P < 0.001) and significantly higher plasma Zn (P = 0.030) and Cu concentrations (P < 0.001). In conclusion, MMF treatment was found to affect plasma Fe, Zn, and Cu levels by increasing their concentrations while decreasing the plasma Na concentration. Mg and Zn deficiencies, as well as excessive Fe levels, are frequently observed irrespective of the immunosuppressive regimen applied, which suggests that monitoring of these bioelements may be favorable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6, Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamińska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobiak
authors.forename: Joanna Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Suliburska
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Głyda
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Krejpcio
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chrzanowska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014131:Trace Elements; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid