title: The elemental composition of renal and ureteral stones determined with the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method (ED-XRF).
abstract: Many theories describe the lithogenesis within urinary tract. In addition, trace amounts of some heavy metals have been found in urinary calculi. However, their role in lithogenesis is still debated. Trace and heavy metals may be involved in induction of crystallization, depending on the relationships between metals and solutes able to crystallize in urine. Many papers have evaluated the elemental concentration of kidney stones, however there are still less data concerning the elemental composition of kidney and ureteral stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland. kajus13@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Kajetan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Juszczak
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wyczółkowski
authors.forename: Eugeniusz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rokita
authors.forename: Piotr J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thor
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements