title: Synthesis, evaluation and application of polycyclic fluorescent analogues as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and voltage gated calcium channel ligands.
abstract: A series of polycyclic fluorescent ligands were synthesised and evaluated in murine striatal synaptoneurosomes for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) mediated calcium flux inhibition and inhibition of calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC). Amantadine (a) and N-(1-adamantyl)-1,3-propanediamine (c) substituted with 1-cyanoisoindole (3), indazole (5), dinitrobenzene (7, 8), dansyl (9, 10) and coumarin (11) moieties showed moderate to high inhibition of the NMDAR. A high degree of VGCC inhibition was observed for the cyanoisoindole compounds (3, 4) the dansyl compounds (9, 10) and the coumarin compound (12). Fluorophores conjugated to hydroxy-4-aza-8-oxoheptacyclotetradecane (13, 14) did not exhibit any significant VGCC inhibition, but the indazole conjugate (14) showed promising NMDAR activity. Dose response curves were calculated for selected NMDAR inhibitors (8-11) and N-[3-(1-adamantylamino)propyl]-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (10) exhibited the highest activity of the novel compounds. Compound 10 was further used as a fluorescent NMDAR ligand in a fluorescent competition assay utilizing MK-801, NGP1-01 and amantadine as known NMDAR inhibitors to demonstrate the possible applications of the novel fluorescent compounds. These small molecule fluorescent ligands can be considered as possible pharmacological tools in assay development and/or other investigations in the study of neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Private Bag 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joubert
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dyk
authors.forename: Ivan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Sarel F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Malan
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008024:Ligands; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D000547:Amantadine