title: Spring cleaning: rural water impacts, valuation, and property rights institutions.
abstract: Using a randomized evaluation in Kenya, we measure health impacts of spring protection, an investment that improves source water quality. We also estimate households' valuation of spring protection and simulate the welfare impacts of alternatives to the current system of common property rights in water, which limits incentives for private investment. Spring infrastructure investments reduce fecal contamination by 66%, but household water quality improves less, due to recontamination. Child diarrhea falls by one quarter. Travel-cost based revealed preference estimates of households' valuations are much smaller than both stated preference valuations and health planners' valuations, and are consistent with models in which the demand for health is highly income elastic. We estimate that private property norms would generate little additional investment while imposing large static costs due to above-marginal-cost pricing, private property would function better at higher income levels or under water scarcity, and alternative institutions could yield Pareto improvements.
authors.affiliation: Harvard University, Brookings Institute, and National Bureau of Economic Research.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leino
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miguel
authors.forename: Alix Peterson
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Zwane
mesh_terms: D005380:Financing, Government / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006078:Government Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D007630:Kenya / Q000208:ethnology; D011633:Public Facilities / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D014881:Water Supply / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants