title: Bioconcentration, metabolism and excretion of triclocarban in larval Qurt medaka (Oryzias latipes).
abstract: The antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) is frequently found in personal care products and commonly observed in surface waters and sediments. Due to its long environmental persistence TCC accumulates in sewage sludge. It also shows a high unintended biological activity as a potent inhibitor of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and may be an endocrine disruptor. In this study, we investigated bioconcentration, metabolism and elimination of TCC in fish using medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model. Medaka larvae (7 ± 1 days post hatching) were exposed to 63 nM (20 μg/L) TCC water for 24h. The LC-MS/MS analysis of water and tissues provided bioconcentration of TCC and its metabolites in fish body and rapid excretion into culture water. Results from tissue samples showed a tissue concentration of 34 μmol/kg and a log bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2.86. These results are slightly lower than previous findings in snails and algae. A significant portion of the absorbed TCC was oxidatively metabolized by the fish to hydroxylated products. These metabolites underwent extensive phase II metabolism to yield sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugates. The most abundant metabolite in fish tissue was the glucuronide of 2'-OH-TCC. Elimination of TCC after transferring the fish to fresh water was rapid, with a half-life of 1h. This study shows that larval medaka metabolize TCC similarly to mammals. The rapid rate of metabolism results in a lower bioconcentration than calculated from the octanol-water coefficient of TCC.
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Nils Helge
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Schebb
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurobe
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Franze
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hammock
authors.forename: Swee J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Teh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D002224:Carbanilides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D009990:Oryzias / Q000378:metabolism*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002224:Carbanilides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009540:triclocarban