title: The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound in a 3D ex vivo orthodontic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on dentoalveolar structures during orthodontic force application using a novel organ culture system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mandibles were dissected from 28-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats, sliced into 1.5mm and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO(2), prior to application of a 50g force to each mandible slice. Slices were randomly divided into three groups of control, 5 and 10min LIPUS application and cultured for five days before histological and histomorphometrical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cementum and predentine thickness and subodontoblast and periodontal ligament cell counts were increased in the ultrasound groups, with increases statistically significant in the 10min treated groups. Odontoblasts remained viable during LIPUS exposure and osteoclast activity was increased by LIPUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LIPUS may influence remodelling of the dentine-pulp complex and associated tissues during orthodontic force application ex vivo.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. telbialy@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: El-Bialy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldaghreer
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sloan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D003739:Dental Cementum; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009804:Odontoblasts; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010010:Osteoclasts; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy