title: HESRG: a novel biomarker for intracranial germinoma and embryonal carcinoma.
abstract: The novel stem cell-related gene, HESRG, was first identified by our group, and its expression pattern in human tumors remains unknown. In this study, we used RT-PCR to systematically investigate the expression of HESRG in various types of intracranial tumors and found that HESRG was expressed only in germinoma and embryonal carcinoma, but hardly at all  in other types of brain tumors. Real-time PCR results further confirmed this expression pattern. Subsequently, we tested 134 intracranial non-germ cell tumors and 64 intracranial germ cell tumors by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that HESRG was expressed strongly and diffusively in the nuclei of tumor cells in intracranial germinoma and embryonal carcinoma as well as in human embryonic stem cells. No positive staining signal was observed in any other type of intracranial tumors. In germinomas, 25 of 31 showed intensive (3+) expression, four cases showed moderate (2+) immunostaining and the remaining 2 cases showed weak (1+) immunostaining. In embryonal carcinoma, 6 of 9 showed intensive (3+) immunostaining and 3 of 9 showed moderate (2+) immunostaining. These results suggest that HESRG is a novel, sensitive and specific biomarker for intracranial germinoma and embryonal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
authors.forename: Siyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanggou
authors.forename: Xingjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qiaoyu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dingyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guifei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiangling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xianrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Caiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018237:Germinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C524884:ESRG lncRNA, human; D011506:Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding