title: Effect of combined exercise training on physical and metabolic fitness in adults with intellectual disability: a controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigating the effect of combined aerobic and strength training on metabolic and physical fitness in adults with intellectual disabilities compared to endurance training and no training.
  
  
  METHODS
  A controlled trial with patients receiving either combined (COM), endurance (END) or no training (C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two centres for intellectual disabilities (Sterrenhuis, Brasschaat and Emiliani, Lokeren, Belgium).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five adults with intellectual disabilities (mean age: 42 (9,2), mean body mass index (BMI): 24 (3,9), mean IQ: 56 (5,6)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined exercise training (n = 15) and endurance training (n = 15) twice a week for 70  minutes per session for 20 weeks and no training (n = 15). Groups were matched for age, sex and intellectual disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipid profile, physical fitness (primary); blood pressure and body composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to no training, combined exercise training has significant positive effects on total cholesterol levels, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and resting systolic blood pressure, while endurance exercise training has significant effects on aerobic capacity and resting systolic blood pressure. Compared to endurance training, combined exercise training resulted in a significant better evolution of total cholesterol (mean differences: -18 versus -3 mg/dl), 1RM upper (+6 versus +1  kg) and lower limb (+25 versus +8  kg) and abdominal muscles (+15 versus +1  kg), hand grip strength (+9 versus +2  kg), muscle fatigue resistance (+11 versus +5  sec), sit-to-stand (+5 versus +2/30   sec) and systolic blood pressure (-15 versus -10 mmHg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed a tendency towards more beneficial effects of combined exercise training in adults with intellectual disability.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium. patrick.calders@ugent.be
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calders
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elmahgoub
authors.forename: Tine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roman de Mettelinge
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vandenbroeck
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dewandele
authors.forename: Lies
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rombaut
authors.forename: Annemie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vandevelde
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cambier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness; D055815:Young Adult