title: Effect of regular gum chewing on levels of anxiety, mood, and fatigue in healthy young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of regular gum chewing on psychological status is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gum chewing for fourteen days on psychological status and physical and mental fatigue in healthy young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assigned 50 volunteers randomly to an intervention group (n = 26) and a control group (n = 24). Participants in the intervention group were requested to chew the gum twice per a day for fourteen days. The volunteers were required to complete a questionnaire related to lifestyle for baseline assessment. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Profile of Mood State (POMS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life 26, and assessment of physical and mental fatigue by visual analog scale were used at baseline, 2 weeks (after intervention), and 4 weeks (follow-up).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 weeks, the score of state anxiety was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group. The intervention participants' scores of depression-dejection, fatigue and confusion in POMS were better than the control group scores. Mental fatigue were also relieved after the intervention. At 4 weeks, there were no significant differences between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fourteen days' gum chewing may improve the levels of anxiety, mood and fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fundamental Nursing and Life Support, Division of Comprehensive Health Nursing Sciences, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki-Otomaru
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Sadayo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanoya
authors.forename: Chifumi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sato