title: Activation of human neutrophils by oleic acid involves the production of reactive oxygen species and a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration: a comparison with N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a growing body of evidence showing that dietary constituents and lipids in particular, influence the function of the human immune system. However, although the beneficial effects of oleic acid (OA) are clear, its mechanism of action at the molecular level is poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate neutrophil activation under the influence of OA and compare this with several n-6 PUFAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two key aspects of neutrophil activation were investigated: oxygen radical (ROS) production and intracellular Ca(2+) signaling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OA and the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA) both induced ROS production in a dose-dependent manner, although AA was the more potent stimulus. When looking for the mechanisms behind these effects, we found that both FA induce increases in cytosolic calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i)), but whereas OA-induced ROS production is totally mediated through Ca2+ signaling, this is not the case for AA since ROS generation by AA is only partly inhibited in BAPTA-treated cells. We also found evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the OA-induced ROS generation; by contrast, other enzymes apart from PKC seem to be implicated in n-6 PUFA-induced ROS production. In addition, our results argue against the involvement of a pertussis toxin-sensitive receptor activated by OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OA differs from the n-6 PUFA AA in the activation of human neutrophils and these differences may be related to their distinct inmunomodulatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carrillo
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Mar Cavia
authors.forename: Hennie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roelofs
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wanten
authors.forename: Sara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Alonso-Torre
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000633:toxicity; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C093426:pertussis toxin receptor; D019301:Oleic Acid; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C025603:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; D002118:Calcium