title: Investigating the dimension of time: findings from a modified grounded theory study about clients' experiences and descriptions of temporality or time within music therapy.
abstract: Many references to time or temporality are located within music therapy literature, however little research has been completed regarding this phenomenon. Findings from a modified grounded theory study about clients' experiences and descriptions of time within the context of music therapy are presented here. The study was informed by the constructivist-interpretive paradigm and a grounded-descriptive statement finding resulted. A 2-staged research methodology was used, comprising a deductive-inductive content analysis of information from the public domain, followed by data-mining of information from a minimum of 160 clients and analysis of data from at least 43 of these 160 clients. Information regarding memory experiences, the duration of music therapy effects, recall and retrieval, and experiences of time are identified. Implications for practice are emphasized, in particular the following is stressed (a) the importance of time orientation and temporal connectedness in relation to identity development, (b) temporal strategies within music experience to assist integration, recall, and retrieval of information, and (c) the importance of and the elements involved in time modification. New explanations for music therapy phenomena are shared, and areas for research highlighted. Benefits of using time dynamically to aid therapeutic process are proposed, and it is concluded that temporal experience within the context of music therapy is important in relation to both practice and research.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Cicely Saunders Institute.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daveson
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D009146:Music; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors