title: α-Glucosidase inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity of prenylated xanthones from Garcinia mangostana.
abstract: An ethanol extract of the fruit case of Garcinia mangostan, whose most abundant chemical species are xanthones, showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC(50)=3.2 μg/ml). A series of isolated xanthones (1-16) demonstrated modest to high inhibition of α-glucosidase with IC(50) values of 1.5-63.5 μM. In particular, one hitherto unknown xanthone 16 has a very rare 2-oxoethyl group on C-8. Kinetic enzymatic assays with a p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside indicated that one of them, compound (9) exhibited the highest activity (K(i)=1.4 μM) and mixed inhibition. Using, a physiologically relevant substrate, maltose, as substrate, many compounds (6, 9, 14, and 15) also showed potent inhibition which ranged between 17.5 and 53.5 μM and thus compared favorably with deoxynojirimycin (IC(50)=68.8 μM). Finally, the actual pharmacological potential of the ethanol extract was demonstrated by showing that it could elicit reduction of postprandial blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the most active α-glucosidase inhibitors (6, 9, and 14) were proven to be present in high quantities in the native seedcase by a HPLC chromatogram.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), IALS, GyeongSang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jung Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Curtis-Long
authors.forename: Heung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yuk
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sunin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Young Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byong Won
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit; D029762:Garcinia mangostana / Q000737:chemistry*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D008320:Maltose / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019518:Postprandial Period; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044004:Xanthones; D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin; D008320:Maltose