title: Glucose fluctuations in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose regulation and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glycemic variability is poorly studied in the nondiabetic individuals and newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristics of glucose fluctuations in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and newly diagnosed, drug-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study of three groups including 53 subjects with IGR, 56 DM-2 patients and 53 NGT individuals. Monitoring by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS(®) System Gold(™)) was performed for three consecutive days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean blood glucose (MBG), standard deviation of MBG (SDBG), largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) were calculated to estimate intraday blood glucose variability. Interday variability of glucose was evaluated by absolute means of daily differences (MODD). Postprandial glucose excursion (PPGE) was calculated to assess the influence of meals on glucose fluctuation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two percentage of NGT and 33.9% of IGR individuals experienced blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l; 49.1% of NGT, 50.9% of IGR and 30.8% of DM-2 participants had hypoglycemic episodes (CGM values <3.9 mmol/l). The IGR and DM-2 groups had greater SDBG (P = 0.010 and P < 0.001), LAGE (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001) and MAGE (P = 0.044 and P < 0.001) compared with the NGT group. Significantly greater MODD and PPGEs were found in the DM-2 groups than in the IGR and NGT groups (P < 0.001). The DM-2 patients had higher 72-MBG and glucose levels overnight than the NGT and IGR subjects (P < 0.001). In the patients with diabetes, MAGE was positively associated with MODD (r = 0.558, P < 0.001) and PPGEs (r = 0.738-0.843, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose variability is present to an increasing degree from NGT to IGR and IGR to DM-2. Compared with the NGT individuals, the IGR and DM-2 subjects show more predominant intraday glucose fluctuations. The DM-2 patients demonstrate increased PPGEs, higher glucose levels overnight and greater interday fluctuations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lifang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guanjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haoming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Xingwu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose