title: The photoluminescence, drug delivery and imaging properties of multifunctional Eu3+/Gd3+ dual-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods.
abstract: The design and synthesis of multifunctional systems with high biocompatibility are very significant for the future of clinical applications. Herein, we report a microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of multifunctional Eu(3+)/Gd(3+) dual-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods, and the photoluminescence (PL), drug delivery and in vivo imaging of as-prepared Eu(3+)/Gd(3+) doped HAp nanorods. The photoluminescent and magnetic multifunctions of HAp nanorods are realized by the dual-doping with Eu(3+) and Gd(3+). The PL intensity of doped HAp nanorods can be adjusted by varying Eu(3+) and Gd(3+) concentrations. The magnetization of doped HAp nanorods increases with the concentration of doped Gd(3+). The as-prepared Eu(3+)/Gd(3+)-doped HAp nanorods exhibit inappreciable toxicity to the cells in vitro. More importantly, the Eu(3+)/Gd(3+)-doped HAp nanorods show a high drug adsorption capacity and sustained drug release using ibuprofen as a model drug, and the drug release is governed by a diffusion process. Furthermore, the noninvasive visualization of nude mice with subcutaneous injection indicates that the Eu(3+)/Gd(3+)-doped HAp nanorods with the photoluminescent function are suitable for in vivo imaging. In vitro and in vivo imaging tests indicate that Eu(3+)/Gd(3+)-doped HAp nanorods have a potential in applications such as a multiple-model imaging agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, photoluminescence imaging and computed tomography (CT) imaging. The Eu(3+)/Gd(3+) dual-doped HAp nanorods are promising for applications in the biomedical fields such as multifunctional drug delivery systems with imaging guidance.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chun-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Da-Xiang
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005063:Europium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008872:Microwaves; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005063:Europium; D017886:Durapatite; D005682:Gadolinium