title: Novel royal jelly proteins identified by gel-based and gel-free proteomics.
abstract: Royal jelly (RJ) plays an important role in caste determination of the honeybee; the genetically same female egg develops into either a queen or worker bee depending on the time and amount of RJ fed to the larvae. RJ also has numerous health-promoting properties for humans. Gel-based and gel-free proteomics approaches and high-performance liquid chromatography-chip quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry were applied to comprehensively investigate the protein components of RJ. Overall, 37 and 22 nonredundant proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and gel-free analysis, respectively, and 19 new proteins were found by these two proteomics approaches. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were identified as the principal protein components of RJ, and proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose oxidase, α-glucosidase precursor, and glucose dehydrogenase were also successfully identified. Importantly, the 19 newly identified proteins were mainly classified into three functional categories: oxidation-reduction (ergic53 CG6822-PA isoform A isoform 1, Sec61 CG9539-PA, and ADP/ATP translocase), protein binding (regucalcin and translationally controlled tumor protein CG4800-PA isoform 1), and lipid transport (apolipophorin-III-like protein). These new findings not only significantly increase the RJ proteome coverage but also help to provide new knowledge of RJ for honeybee biology and potential use for human health promotion.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chenxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jianke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005782:Gels; D019476:Insect Proteins; D000099219:Royal Jelly