title: Sexually dimorphic distribution of orbitofrontal sulcogyral pattern in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sulcogyral pattern of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is characterized by a remarkable inter-individual variability that likely reflects neurobehavioral traits and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the OFC sulcogyral pattern of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC) to determine group differences in OFC sulcogyral pattern as well as gender differences between groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven SZ patients (M/F, 23/24) and forty-seven HC (M/F, 17/30), matched on age and gender, were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging. The sulcogyral pattern was classified into type I, II, or III based on the guidelines set by Chiavaras and Petrides in a previous paper. Chi-squared analysis was used to investigate group and gender differences in the sulcogyral pattern distribution, and categorical regression was used to explore clinical correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of OFC sulcogyral pattern in HC replicated the results found in the previous study (left, χ(2) = 0.02, P = 0.989; right, χ(2) = 0.97, P = 0.616), in that there were no gender differences. Moreover, the distribution in SZ-M was in accordance with that in the previous study (left, χ(2) = 1.59, P = 0.451; right, χ(2) = 0.14, P = 0.933). Additionally, within SZ-M, patients with the type III pattern had a higher total positive and negative syndrome scale score (β = 0.902, F = 14.75, P = 0.001). In contrast, the distribution in the right hemisphere in the SZ-F group differed significantly from that observed in SZ-M (χ(2) = 6.017, P = 0.046), but did not differ from HC (χ(2) = 2.557, P = 0.110).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OFC sulcogyral pattern is altered in SZ-M but not in SZ-F, possibly reflecting gender differences in early neurodevelopment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uehara-Aoyama
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asami
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hayano
authors.forename: Tomohide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roppongi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics