title: Changes in auditory memory performance following the use of frequency-modulated system in children with suspected auditory processing disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the changes in the short-term auditory memory following the use of frequency-modulated (FM) system in children with suspected auditory processing disorders (APDs), and also to compare the advantages of bilateral over unilateral FM fitting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal study involved 53 children from Sekolah Kebangsaan Jalan Kuantan 2, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The study was conducted from September 2007 to October 2008 in the Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The children's age was between 7-10 years old, and they were assigned into 3 groups: 15 in the control group (not fitted with FM); 19 in the unilateral; and 19 in the bilateral FM-fitting group. Subjects wore the FM system during school time for 12 weeks. Their working memory (WM), best learning (BL), and retention of information (ROI) were measured using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test at pre-fitting, post (after 12 weeks of FM usage), and at long term (one year after the usage of FM system ended).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the mean WM (p=0.001), BL (p=0.019), and ROI (p=0.005) scores at the different measurement times, in which the mean scores at long-term were consistently higher than at pre-fitting, despite similar performances at the baseline (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in performance between unilateral- and bilateral-fitting groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of FM might give a long-term effect on improving selected short-term auditory memories of some children with suspected APDs. One may not need to use 2 FM receivers to receive advantages on auditory memory performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology & Speech Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. cila@medic.ukm.my
authors.forename: Cila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Umat
authors.forename: Siti Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Mukari
authors.forename: Nurul F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Ezan
authors.forename: Normah C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Din
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D001308:Auditory Perceptual Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory