title: [Epidemiological enquiries in two Q fever outbreaks in a community of Baden-Württemberg during 2008 and 2009].
abstract: In 2008 and 2009, two consecutive outbreaks of Q fever in humans were recorded in the district of Freudenstadt, northern Black Forrest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In 2008, a total of 41 persons from a single local community fell ill and were found infected with Coxiella burnetii. Although comprehensive diagnostic and epidemiological outbreak investigations were conducted and control measures taken which included vaccination of ruminants at risk in three parts of the affected community, re-occurrence of the disease in 2009 with further 29 confirmed human Q fever cases could not be prevented. While the origin of infection of the first outbreak was probably a flock of 550 sheep moved in the surrounding of the affected villages, the source of infection for the consecutive outbreak in 2009 could not be identified. It seems possible that meadows contaminated with infectious placenta or birth fluids represented the sources of infection.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-lnstitut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Wusterhausen. angela.hilbert@fli.bund.de
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reith
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Brockmann
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tyczka
authors.forename: Silke F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Isolde
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Piechotowski
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner-Wiening
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bendak
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spengler
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleine-Albers
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koepsel
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hensler
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: Franz J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Conraths
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D016997:Coxiella burnetii / Q000502:physiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004285:Dogs; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011778:Q Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial