title: Parental occupational exposure to exhausts, solvents, glues and paints, and risk of childhood leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unknown whether parental occupational exposure to chemicals before during and after pregnancy increases the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the offspring. Few studies on this topic have assessed maternal exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an Australian case-control study of ALL in children aged <15 years, parents were asked about tasks they undertook in each job using a set of job-specific modules (JSMs). An expert reviewed the likelihood of exposure to exhausts, solvents, glues, and paints. Exposure was examined in each job 2 years, 1 year and anytime before birth of the child, and up to 1 year after birth of child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solvent exposure was similar for case and control mothers in all time periods. More case mothers had moderate/high exposure to exhausts than control mothers anytime before the birth of the child (p = 0.010). Exposure to moderate or substantial levels of exhausts by mothers (OR = 1.97 95% CI 0.99-3.90) or fathers (OR = 1.37 95% CI 1.01-1.86) before the birth increased the risk of ALL in their offspring. Exposure to paints, pigments, glues, and resins was similar in case and control parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found little evidence that parental occupational exposure to solvents, glues, and paints was associated with childhood ALL. There was some evidence ALL was associated with exhaust exposure.
authors.affiliation: Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. alison.reid@uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Helen D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvaro
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fritschi
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000506:poisoning; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000506:poisoning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010150:Paint / Q000506:poisoning; D018812:Paternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012997:Solvents / Q000506:poisoning; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000506:poisoning
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions