title: Bacteriologic evaluation of sinus aspirates taken by balloon catheter devices in chronic rhinosinusitis: preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is known to be a polymicrobial infection involving both aerobes and Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes. Accurate bacterial evaluation by adequate culture methods can justify subsequent antimicrobial strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two specimens were obtained from each of 10 patients undergoing catheter-based Balloon Sinuplasty™, one from the middle meatus (endoscopic approach) and the other from the sinus (catheter-based approach).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bacterial culture from the middle meatus was positive in 9 of 10 patients, including 6 different aerobes without anaerobes. The bacterial culture of aspirates from the sinuses were positive in 8 out of 10 patients, with 4 different aerobic bacteria and 4 different anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobes were isolated in 0% of middle meatus samples, which was significantly lower than the 62.5% (5/8) detected in the sinus samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial culture of sinus aspirates using a catheter-based technique improves the recovery of bacterial pathogens from CRS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan. ike@juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Noritsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minekawa
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inoshita
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057785:Catheters; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000382:microbiology*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology