title: Endothelial-mediated coronary flow reserve and its relation to mitral annular tissue Doppler velocities in offspring of hypertensive parents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although coronary flow reserve (CFR) is reduced in hypertensive patients, data regarding the endothelial response of coronary vasomotion and its relation to left ventricular (LV) function in their offspring is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the endothelial response of coronary flow, using cold pressor test (CPT), in offspring of hypertensive parents and its impact on LV diastolic function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 32 healthy young offspring (mean age 23.5 ± 7.1 years) of hypertensive parents and 26 aged matched volunteers (healthy offspring of normotensive parents) as controls. Coronary blood flow velocities were recorded in all subjects at rest and after CPT; a stimulus that can be considered totally endothelium-dependent. CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic-to-resting diastolic peak velocities. Doppler echocardiographic assessment was performed using both conventional and tissue Doppler assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary diastolic peak velocities at rest was comparable between the two groups (27.1 ± 6.2 vs 26.4 ± 5.8; P > 0.05); but the velocities were significantly lower after CPT in offspring of hypertensive parents (P < 0.02), with highly significant lower CFR (P < 0.0001). Conventional echo-Doppler variables were comparable in both groups, whereas tissue Doppler assessment demonstrated significant LV diastolic dysfunction among offspring of hypertensive parents. The CPT-CFR was significantly correlated to tissue Doppler diastolic dysfunction in this group (For Em, Am and Em/Am, r was 0.65, 0.59 and 0.61, respectively, and P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offspring of hypertensive parents have coronary endothelial dysfunction that appears in response to physiological stimuli (CPT). The coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with latent LV diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ragab A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mahfouz
authors.forename: Ashraf Elsaied
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dwidar
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El Tahlawi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D053805:Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography