title: Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) against 6-hydroxy dopamine toxicity in the rat corpus striatum.
abstract: 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is an oxidative stress neurotoxin, which is oxidized in neurons, causes respiratory inhibition, and induces free radical formation and oxidative stress. Therefore, a 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) experimental model can be used to test a candidate molecule for use as an antioxidant that could be a promising therapeutic for treating Parkinson's disease. Recent studies have shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) might be a good candidate agent for the treatment of PD. In this study, the anti-apoptotic and antioxidant actions of VIP were investigated using the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model for PD. Twenty-four young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were separated into the following groups: group I (n = 8), sham operated; group II (n = 8), 6-OHDA lesioned; group III (n = 8), 6-OHDA lesioned + i.p. VIP-injected (25 ng/kg) every 2 days for 15 days. The first i.p. injection of VIP was made 1 h after the intrastriatal 6-OHDA microinjection. Antioxidant enzymatic activity [super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and DNA fragmentation were measured from homogenates isolated from the corpus striatum. SOD, CAT, malondialdehyde, and DNA fragmentation were measured using a spectrophotometer, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured by capillary electrophoresis. 6-OHDA significantly induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation in the corpus striatum of rats. VIP significantly protected neuronal tissue from oxidative stress and apoptosis by reducing lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. 6-OHDA toxicity did not cause significant changes in NO production in the corpus striatum. However, VIP treatment significantly reduced NO levels in brain tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Neşe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tunçel
authors.forename: Orhan Tansel
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Şener
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akyüz
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000633:toxicity; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D013565:Sympatholytics; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D016627:Oxidopamine