title: The IMSI procedure improves poor embryo development in the same infertile couples with poor semen quality: a comparative prospective randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sperm of poor quality can negatively affect embryo development to the blastocyst stage. The aim of this comparative prospective randomized study was to evaluate the role of an intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) in the same infertile couples included in the programme of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to their indications of male infertility which had resulted in all arrested embryos following a prolonged 5-day culture in previous ICSI cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Couples exhibiting poor semen quality and with all arrested embryos following a prolonged 5-day culture in previous ICSI cycles were divided into two groups: Group 1: IMSI group (n = 20) with IMSI performed in a current attempt and Group 2: ICSI group (n = 37) with a conventional ICSI procedure performed in a current attempt of in vitro fertilization. Fertilization rate, embryo development, implantation, pregnancy and abortion rates were compared between current IMSI and conventional ICSI procedures, and with previous ICSI attempts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IMSI group was characterized by a higher number of blastocysts per cycle than the ICSI group (0.80 vs. 0.65) after a prolonged 5-day embryo culture. There was a significantly lower number of cycles with all arrested embryos and cycles with no embryo transfer in the IMSI group versus the ICSI group (0% vs. 27.0%, p = 0.048). After the transfer of embryos at the blastocyst or morula stage (on luteal day 5) a tendency toward higher implantation and pregnancy rates per cycle was achieved in the IMSI group compared to the ICSI group (17.1% vs. 6.8%; 25.0% vs. 8.1%, respectively), although not statistically significant. After IMSI, all pregnancies achieved by the blastocyst transfer were normally on-going, whereas after ICSI, two of three pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. After IMSI, two pregnancies were also achieved by the morula stage embryos, whereas after the conventional ICSI procedure, embryos at the morula stage did not implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IMSI procedure improved embryo development and the laboratory and clinical outcomes of sperm microinjection in the same infertile couples with male infertility and poor embryo development over the previous ICSI attempts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. knez.katja@gmail.com
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knez
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.forename: Tomaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomazevic
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vrtacnik-Bokal
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virant-Klun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055101:Semen Analysis; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*