title: Production and characterization of antioxidant apigenin nanocrystals as a novel UV skin protective formulation.
abstract: Flavonoids have many positive effects on various cell layers of the skin (e.g. anti-oxidant, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects). However, the limiting factor of the use of flavonoids is their low water solubility. To overcome the poor solubility, apigenin nanosuspensions were prepared using the combination technology (CT), i.e. bead milling and subsequently high pressure homogenization. Distinct reduction in particle size was observed after each bead milling passage resulting in z-average (PCS) of 413 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.202. The LD data showed a similar pattern of particle size reduction reaching a diameter 99% (d(v)99%) of 0.515 μm. The antioxidant capacity of apigenin nanocrystals were almost doubled compared to the original coarse suspension. The developed smartCrystals can be easily incorporated into gels, which makes apigenin nanocrystals available for dermal application as efficient antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Loaye
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al Shaal
authors.forename: Ranjita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shegokar
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D047310:Apigenin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012995:Solubility; D013471:Sunburn / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D047310:Apigenin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl