title: The impact of contact lens wear and visual display terminal work on ocular surface and tear functions in office workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of contact lens (CL) wear and visual display terminal (VDT) work on the ocular surface and tear functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine CL wearers (45 women and 24 men; mean age, 35.2 ± 7.3 years), and 102 age- and sex-matched non-CL wearers were enrolled in the study (66 women and 36 men; mean age, 36.7 ± 7.3 years). Ocular surface and tear function tests, including vital stainings (fluorescein and rose bengal), Schirmer test, tear meniscus height measurement, and tear film break-up time were performed. The subjective symptoms of dry eyes were evaluated using a dry eye symptom questionnaire. The participants were divided into 4 subgroups according to the total time of VDT work in 1 day (VDT work time in 1 day ≥ 4 hours or < 4 hours) and presence of CL wear. Main outcome measures included ocular surface vital staining scores, Schirmer test results, tear film break-up time, tear meniscus height measurement, and symptom questionnaire score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CL users and long-term VDT workers showed significantly worse tear meniscus height values than non-CL users and short-term VDT workers (P < .001). The mean visual symptom scores in CL wearers and long-term VDT workers were significantly higher than the other groups (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Office workers who wore CLs and spent more than 4 hours engaged in VDT work had a lower tear meniscus volume with significant dry eye and visual symptoms triggered by environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Johnson & Johnson Ocular Surface and Visual Optics Department, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Osama M A
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Tais
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuyama
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016288:Computer Terminals; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents