title: Localization of chondromodulin-I at the feto-maternal interface and its inhibitory actions on trophoblast invasion in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chondromodulin-I (ChM-I) is an anti-angiogenic glycoprotein that is specifically localized at the extracellular matrix of the avascular mesenchyme including cartilage and cardiac valves. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of ChM-I during early pregnancy in mice in vivo and its effect on invasion of trophoblastic cells into Matrigel in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Northern blot analysis clearly indicated that ChM-I transcripts were expressed in the pregnant mouse uterus at 6.5-9.5 days post coitum. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that ChM-I was localized to the mature decidua surrounding the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-expressing trophoblasts. Consistent with this observation, the expression of ChM-I mRNA was induced in decidualizing endometrial stromal cells in vitro, in response to estradiol and progesterone. Recombinant human ChM-I (rhChM-I) markedly inhibited the invasion through Matrigel as well as the chemotactic migration of rat Rcho-1 trophoblast cells in a manner independent of MMP activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the inhibitory action of ChM-I on trophoblast migration and invasion, implying the potential role of the ChM-I expression in decidual cells for the regulated tissue remodeling and angiogenesis at feto-maternal interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shukunami
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003656:Decidua / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C068675:CNMD protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9