title: Gender-specific differences in biomarkers responses to acute coronary syndromes and revascularization procedures.
abstract: A growing body of gender-related research in coronary artery disease is beginning to gradually elucidate differences between women and men. In patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), these sex differences include varying risk factor profiles, accuracy of diagnostic testing, clinical presentations, treatment practices and outcomes. There is also a differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by sex, which remains unexplained. This paper reviews all the available information on the effect of gender on cardiac biomarkers by search of MEDLINE using the terms gender differences, biomarkers, ACS and revascularization procedures. A better understanding of the sex disparities in biomarkers along with all other clinical information is essential to optimal management and patient care in the future.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center , Athens , Greece. esbarouni@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Eftihia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sbarouni
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgiadou
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voudris
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001634:Bibliographies as Topic; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000032:analysis; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000032:analysis; D000074026:Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000032:analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000401:mortality; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D019798:Neopterin / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014336:Troponin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; C493408:FABP3 protein, human; D000074026:Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D014336:Troponin; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D019798:Neopterin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D009195:Peroxidase; D045726:Metalloproteases