title: Direct response elements of BMP within the PV.1A promoter are essential for its transcriptional regulation during early Xenopus development.
abstract: Xvent homeobox genes encode transcription factors that repress organizer genes and are essential for dorsoventral specification during early embryogenesis in Xenopus. In contrast to the Xvent-2 gene subfamily, Xvent-1 subfamily members, including PV.1A, have been proposed as indirect targets of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4) signaling. Because PV.1A is a critical downstream mediator of, and tightly regulated by, BMP-4 signaling, we hypothesized that its promoter contains a direct BMP-4 response element to effect this transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate that direct regulation by BMP-4 is necessary for transcription of PV.1A: its proximal promoter contains cis-acting binding elements for Smads and Oaz crucial to induction in response to BMP-4 signaling. In addition to these direct cis-acting BMP-4 responsive elements, an indirect Xvent-2 response element and several repressive elements exist in the PV.1A promoter to regulate its transcription. In summary, PV.1A undergoes combinatorial regulation during early Xenopus development as both the direct target of BMP-4 signaling and as the direct and indirect target of positive and negative regulatory factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, ChunCheon, Kangwon-Do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Shik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyosang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoo-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sang-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Soochul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Bong
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sungchan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mae Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jaebong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; C494714:GATA2 protein, Xenopus; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C569820:ZNF423 protein, Xenopus; C109693:ventx1.1 protein, Xenopus; C112507:ventx1.2 protein, Xenopus; C099992:ventx2.1 protein, Xenopus