title: Evaluating the process parameters of the dry coating process using a 2(5-1) factorial design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent development of coating technology is dry coating, where polymer powder and liquid plasticizer are layered on the cores without using organic solvents or water. Several studies evaluating the process were introduced in literature, however, little information about the critical process parameters (CPPs) is given.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim of the study was the investigation and optimization of CPPs with respect to one of the critical quality attributes (CQAs), the coating efficiency of the dry coating process in a rotary fluid bed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Theophylline pellets were coated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate as enteric film former and triethyl citrate and acetylated monoglyceride as plasticizer. A 2(5-1) design of experiments (DOEs) was created investigating five independent process parameters namely coating temperature, curing temperature, feeding/spraying rate, air flow and rotor speed. The results were evaluated by multilinear regression using the software Modde(®) 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is shown, that generally, low feeding/spraying rates and low rotor speeds increase coating efficiency. High coating temperatures enhance coating efficiency, whereas medium curing temperatures have been found to be optimum in terms of coating efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a scientific base for the design of efficient dry coating processes with respect to coating efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline Désirée
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kablitz
authors.forename: Nora Anne
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Urbanetz
mesh_terms: D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D016014:Linear Models; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013806:Theophylline / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005079:Excipients; D050178:Monoglycerides; D010968:Plasticizers; C048331:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate; C023001:ethyl citrate; D008747:Methylcellulose; D013806:Theophylline