title: Surgical treatment of necrotic scleral calcification using combined conjunctival autografting and an amniotic membrane inlay filling technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a novel technique to treat necrotic scleral calcification caused by previous regional conjunctivectomy using conjunctival autografting and amniotic membrane inlay filling, and to evaluate the clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients (11 eyes, 12 regions) who had undergone regional conjunctivectomy with postoperative mitomycin C (MMC) for pterygia or pingueculae were included. Scleral calcification was removed using a bevel-down crescent knife. After the conjunctival donor tissue was harvested from the upper bulbar conjunctiva, the tissue was grafted to the scleral defect and secured with sutures. Amniotic membrane was inserted randomly into spaces between the conjunctival graft and the scleral bed. Protective amniotic membrane was transplanted over the graft, with stromal side up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scleral calcification developed in ischaemic areas in 11 of the 12 regions; 50% of cases had a surface defect seen with a fluorescent dye. The grafted conjunctiva epithelialized successfully in all cases. In 10 regions, the epithelialization occurred in 1 or 2 weeks. In the remaining two regions, one region required another surgery because of graft failure, and epithelialization occurred in the last region in 9 weeks. Vascular growth into the graft from the surrounding tissue occurred in all cases in 1 to 10 weeks. The surgical wound stabilized 3 weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined technique had high success rates of graft survival and good revitalization of the necrotic area of scleral calcification, eliminated the need for invasive and time-consuming scleral autografting or allografting, and provided good cosmesis. Scleral ischaemia, which was caused by MMC, may induce scleral calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seer and Partner Eye Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. nunsusul@yahoo.co.kr
authors.forename: B-H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000637:transplantation*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012590:Sclera / Q000473:pathology*; D015422:Scleral Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous