title: A novel approach for the characterisation of proteoglycans and biosynthetic enzymes in a snail model.
abstract: Proteoglycans encompass a heterogeneous group of glycoconjugates where proteins are substituted with linear, highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans are ubiquitous to the animal kingdom of the Eukarya domain. Information on the distribution and characterisation of proteoglycans in invertebrate tissues is limited and restricted to a few species. By the use of multidimensional protein identification technology and immunohistochemistry, this study shows for the first time the presence and tissue localisation of different proteoglycans, such as perlecan, aggrecan, and heparan sulphate proteoglycan, amongst others, in organs of the gastropoda Achatina fulica. Through a proteomic analysis of Golgi proteins and immunohistochemistry of tissue sections, we detected the machinery involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, related to polymer formation (polymerases), as well as secondary modifications (sulphation and uronic acid epimerization). Therefore, this work not only identifies both the proteoglycan core proteins and glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzymes in invertebrates but also provides a novel method for the study of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan evolution.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarsis F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Gesteira
authors.forename: Vivien Jane
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Coulson-Thomas
authors.forename: Fernando T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Eduardo H C
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.forename: Renan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cavalheiro
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Gabriel L A
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Ernesto S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nakayasu
authors.forename: Igor C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Leny
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Helena B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Nader
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012908:Snails / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011509:Proteoglycans; D020543:Proteome