title: Atmospheric deposition of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Guangzhou, China: seasonal variations and sources.
abstract: The atmospheric deposition of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) was investigated at four locations in different suburban and urban functional districts of Guangzhou City. The annual deposition fluxes of total PBDD/Fs (eight 2,3,7,8-substituted tetra- to hexa-BDD/Fs) were in the range of 36-51 (mean 46) pg m(-2) day(-1), and the corresponding TEQ fluxes were estimated to range between 7.9 and 11.3 (mean 10.3) pg I-TEQ m(-2) day(-1), indicating a noticeable pollution level. The deposition fluxes of PBDD/Fs during the wet season were 2-4 times as high as those during the dry season. Both rainfall and temperature positively correlated with PBDD/F deposition fluxes. Ambient gas/particle partition coefficients (K(p)) were predicted with SPARC. It appears seasonal variations of PBDD/F deposition fluxes were influenced by meteorological parameters and the local usage of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The congener profiles of PBDD/Fs at four locations were similar either spatially or temporally, indicating that the main PBDD/F emission sources were similar to one another. Seasonal variations and congener patterns of PBDD/Fs indicated the possible sources included electronic waste recycling, industrial waste incinerators and products containing BFRs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. renmanrm@163.com
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ping'an
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: De Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; C023614:dibenzofuran; C020887:dibenzo(1,4)dioxin