title: Gene polymorphisms and low dietary intake of micronutrients in coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disorder involving genetic and non-genetic factors. Food is an important component of the latter. We examined if DNA polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes of one-carbon metabolism coupled with low consumption of micronutrients such as folate, vitamins B(6) and B(12) might increase the risk of CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study consisting of 252 CAD patients and 252 controls were included. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), 2 insertion/deletion and 1 repeat polymorphism were typed. The micronutrient intake was estimated from a standard 24-hour dietary recall coupled to a food frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest an association of 'early-onset CAD' with betaine homocysteine S-methyl transferase (BHMT) 742G→A SNP (odds ratio = 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.96-2.41; p = 0.04). No association was observed for all age of onset, but more patients than controls whose micronutrient intake was in the lowest quintile also carried the minor allele (50% patients vs. 37% controls; p = 0.042). Furthermore, dietary intake of folate micronutrients below the recommended daily allowance was observed in a larger percent of patients than controls with the minor BHMT allele (51% patients vs. 44% controls; p = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the presence of the minor BHMT allele, a decreased consumption of folate micronutrients might increase the risk of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Prakruti R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Smita S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lele
authors.forename: Manjari S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D005492:Folic Acid