title: Use of the Clark Twin Block functional appliance with and without an upper labial bow: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare dentoalveolar and skeletal changes in two groups of Class II division 1 patients treated with different designs of Clark's Twin Block (CTB), with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) an upper labial bow.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics at the East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Sixty-two white subjects (aged 10-14 years at the start of treatment, minimum overjet > 6 mm, molar relationship at least ½ unit Class II) were recruited. Subjects were divided into age- and sex-matched pairs, were randomly allocated to treatment with either appliance design, and were treated for 12 months, at which time additional data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty participants were available for final data collection. The two groups were well matched with respect to age (mean 12.5 years in Group 1; 12.3 years in Group 2). No statistical difference was noted between groups for any dentoalveolar or skeletal variables measured. Both groups experienced a reduction in overjet as a result of maxillary incisor retroclination, mandibular incisor proclination, and forward positioning of the pogonion. Maxillary molar distalization, mandibular molar mesialization, and ANB reduction also occurred in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of a maxillary labial bow to the CTB has no influence on dentoalveolar or skeletal changes, or on rate of overjet reduction, in relation to appliance therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dibiase
authors.forename: Padhraig S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Martyn T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cobourne
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel