title: TNF-R2 expression in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.
abstract: Acquired middle ear cholesteatoma is a disease which promotes bone erosion resulting in potentially serious complications. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is present in cholesteatoma and it is related to bone erosion, as shown by different authors. To understand the aggressiveness characteristics of cholesteatoma is necessary, however, to better address the presence and distribution of their receptors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of type 2 TNF-α receptor (TNF-R2) in fragments of cholesteatoma and correlate it to the degree of inflammation present.
  
  
  METHODS
  observational cross-sectional study, which analyzed 33 fragments of cholesteatomas through histological analysis and immunohistochemistry (using as primary antibody to TNF-R2 LabVision® brand). The evaluation was performed by means of a qualitative and semi-quantitative agreement with the observed intensity. For statistical analysis we used the Fisher exact test and Spearman's correlation coefficient (considered statistically significant when p < 0. 05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of TNF-R2 was present in all fragments, however a statistical analysis showed no correlation or association between inflammation and the expression of TNF-R2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-R2 is present in cholesteatoma of the middle ear, however, its expression is not directly related to the degree of inflammation observed in patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: PhD, preceptor. Electronic address: rfvitale@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Faller
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: PhD in Medicine, Assistant Professor at the Department of Morphology of the Medical Sciences School of Santa Casa de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Celina Siqueira Barbosa
authors.initials: CSB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: PhD in Medicine, Professor at the Department of Morphology of the Medical Sciences School of Santa Casa de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Adriana Leal
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: PhD in Medicine, Professor at the Graduate Program in the Fundação Antônio Prudente - Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo.
authors.forename: Jose Humberto Tavares Guerreiro
authors.initials: JHTG
authors.lastname: Fregnani
authors.affiliation: PhD in Medicine, Adjunct Professor - Department of Otorhinolaryngology - School of Medical Sciences - Santa Casa de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Fernando Quintanilha
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000032:analysis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II