title: Development and implementation of a method for characterizing clinical pharmacy interventions and medication use in a cancer center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop and implement a method to characterize clinical pharmacy activities and the associated medication use in a comprehensive cancer center. A standard characterization of clinical pharmacy services facilitates benchmarking and informs continuous development.
  
  
  METHODS
  A set of quantifiable parameters to describe clinical pharmacy activities and the associated medication use was proposed and validated by peer review. For implementation, clinical pharmacy interventions for six clinical pharmacy services at the King Hussein Cancer Center in 2008 were prospectively documented and the numbers of patients and medications dispensed for the same period were obtained from the admission office and pharmacy database respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method comprised four main aspects: (1) number of interventions, (2) type of interventions, (3) number of doses dispensed, and (4) the NNI which is the number of doses dispensed for one intervention to occur. A total of 8552 interventions were recorded for 37,784 patient days. Interventions were highest in the pediatric oncology and ICU with 2612 (31%) and 1867 (22%) respectively, followed by medical oncology 1563 (18%), BMT 998 (12%), palliative care 792 (9%), and surgery 720 (8%). Interventions per 1000 patient days were: ICU 555, pediatric oncology 326, BMT 319, palliative care 244, medical oncology 137, and surgery 83. Main intervention categories for all services: therapeutic 3055 (36%), safety 2195 (26%), quality assurance 2376 (28%), and education-information 925 (10%). The number of doses dispensed per 1000 patient days was: BMT 19,404, palliative care 17,272, ICU 12,290, medical oncology 13,182, pediatric oncology 12,093, and surgery 8976. Finally, NNI was as follows: ICU 22, pediatric oncology 39, BMT 60, palliative care 71, medical oncology 96, and surgery 109.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A method for characterizing clinical pharmacy interventions and medication use was developed and used to compare different oncology clinical pharmacy services. Further work is warranted to refine and validate the parameters proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Haitham W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tuffaha
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Koopmans
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016522:Oncology Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000592:standards; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents