title: Evaluation of the relationship between background factors and sleep-disordered breathing in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and background factors in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-one consecutive PDR patients were included in this study. These patients' SDB parameters, including the mean and lowest SpO(2), sleeping 4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and cumulative percentage of time spent at SpO(2) < 90% (CT90%), were measured. Simple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate whether the SDB parameters correlated with systemic factors for PDR, including age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c value, incidence of hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body mass index (BMI), and insulin therapy. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to investigate whether the SDB evaluation items were factors independently associated with the incidence of hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension and BMI were statistically correlated with all of the parameters. The eGFR was statistically correlated with 4% ODI and insulin therapy with the lowest SpO(2). Logistic regression analysis revealed 4% ODI and eGFR as factors independently contributing to the incidence of hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study confirmed the relationship between SDB and background factors reported to be risk factors for diabetic retinopathy progression in patients with PDR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan. tomoaki-s@sakura.med.toho-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saishin
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeno
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D010100:Oxygen; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human