title: Maternal obesity associated with inflammation in their children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explored the association between maternal obesity during pregnancy and the inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and the cytokine, adiponectin, in the offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight, height, Tanner stage and biomarkers were measured in thirty-four 12-year-old children, from the Infant Growth Study, who were divided into high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) groups based on maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups differed markedly in their hs-CRP levels, but no group difference was found for the other three biomarkers. The odds ratio (OR) of HR children having detectable hs-CRP levels was 16 times greater than that of LR children after adjusting for confounding variables, including BMI z-score, Tanner stages and gender (OR: 16; 95% CI: 2-123).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with later development of elevated hs-CRP in the offspring, even after controlling for weight.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. leibowka@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Leibowitz
authors.forename: Reneé H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Rexford S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ahima
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stunkard
authors.forename: Virginia A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stallings
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Jesse L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chittams
authors.forename: Myles S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Faith
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stettler
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D002097:C-Reactive Protein