title: CT fluoroscopy-guided placement of inferior vena cava filters: feasibility study in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of computed tomography (CT)-guided placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in a swine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five domestic pigs (60-70 kg) underwent transfemoral and transjugular IVC filter placement under real-time CT fluoroscopic guidance. Filter position was confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT and digital subtraction angiography. Filter tilt, distance to target position, and fluoroscopy time were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 filters were successfully implanted (five via transfemoral approach, five via transjugular approach) without complications. The mean distance to the target position was 0.3 cm ± 0.2. Mean filter tilt was 3.2° ± 2.3 (range, 0°-7°), without differences between deployment techniques (P = .8486). Average fluoroscopy time was 25.9 s ± 6.9 per procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT fluoroscopy-guided placement of IVC filters is safely feasible. Use of this technique may avoid the need to move critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany. andreas.mahnken@rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mahnken
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Penzkofer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Isfort
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedlmair
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruners
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuhl
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D023421:Models, Animal; D010690:Phlebography; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media