title: Inverse association between fruit, legume, and cereal fiber and the risk of metabolic syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between total dietary fiber and its types and sources with the risk of MetS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 2457 adults (1327 male and 1130 female), aged 19-84 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and lipids were measured according to standard protocols. The MetS was defined according to definition by Adult Treatment Panel III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of MetS between highest and lowest quartiles was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39-0.74; P for trend <0.05) for total dietary fiber, 0.60 (0.43-0.84; P for trend <0.05) for soluble fiber, and 0.51 (0.35-0.72; P for trend <0.05) for insoluble fiber. Among sources of dietary fiber, fruit fiber (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37-0.72), cereal fiber (0.74; 0.57-0.97), and legume fiber (0.73; 0.53-0.99) were inversely associated with the risk of MetS, after adjustment for confounding factors. Intake of vegetable fiber and nut fiber were unrelated to the risk of MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total dietary fiber, soluble- and insoluble fiber, fruit fiber, cereal fiber and legume fiber were associated with a protective effect for the presence of MetS among this Tehranian population.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseinpour-Niazi
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.forename: Golbon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sohrab
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosseini-Esfahani
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002523:Edible Grain; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008055:Lipids