title: Long-term follow-up in patients undergoing open gastric bypass as a revisional operation for previous failed restrictive procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously described our early experience with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as a revisional procedure. The favorable results have stimulated us to continue using RYGB as our standard operating procedure after failed bariatric surgery. Our objective was to evaluate the perioperative risks, weight result, and abdominal symptoms 5 years after revisional RYGB surgery at a university hospital in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 121 patients undergoing revisional open RYGB (age 42.0 yr, body mass index 37.7 kg/m(2), 101 women) 5 years after RYGB surgery. The patients underwent reoperation because of either intolerable side effects or inferior weight loss. The initial procedures were horizontal gastroplasty (n = 2), vertical banded gastroplasty (n = 34), gastric banding (n = 21), and silicone adjustable gastric banding (n = 64). The mean interval between the first surgery and revision was 5 years. The 5-year follow-up data were obtained annually using a questionnaire survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average operating time was 162 minutes (range 75-355). In these 121 cases, 10 (8%) reoperations were performed in the first 30-day period (4 for leakage). No perioperative mortality occurred, and the 5-year follow-up rate was 91%. The mean body mass index was 30.7 kg/m(2). Seven patients (5.7%) had undergone subsequent surgery because of complications. At follow-up, 93% reported being very satisfied or satisfied with the revisional procedure. Disturbing abdominal symptoms after RYGB were rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perioperative risks of revisional RYGB are greater than those for primary RYGB. However, because the long-term weight results and patient satisfaction are very good, we believe that the 8% reoperative rate is acceptable. We consider RYGB to be a suitable procedure for patients in whom previous bariatric procedures have failed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. jakob.hedberg@surgsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundbom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D061646:Operative Time; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome