title: Noninvasive spectral imaging of skin chromophores based on multiple regression analysis aided by Monte Carlo simulation.
abstract: In order to visualize melanin and blood concentrations and oxygen saturation in human skin tissue, a simple imaging technique based on multispectral diffuse reflectance images acquired at six wavelengths (500, 520, 540, 560, 580 and 600 nm) was developed. The technique utilizes multiple regression analysis aided by Monte Carlo simulation for diffuse reflectance spectra. Using the absorbance spectrum as a response variable and the extinction coefficients of melanin, oxygenated hemoglobin, and deoxygenated hemoglobin as predictor variables, multiple regression analysis provides regression coefficients. Concentrations of melanin and total blood are then determined from the regression coefficients using conversion vectors that are deduced numerically in advance, while oxygen saturation is obtained directly from the regression coefficients. Experiments with a tissue-like agar gel phantom validated the method. In vivo experiments with human skin of the human hand during upper limb occlusion and of the inner forearm exposed to UV irradiation demonstrated the ability of the method to evaluate physiological reactions of human skin tissue.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bio-applications &Science Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 1848588, Japan. inishi@cc.tuat.ac.jp
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishidate
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiswadarma
authors.forename: Yota
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Kyuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niizeki
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizu
mesh_terms: D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D010100:Oxygen