title: Hyperpolarized 13C MRI and PET: in vivo tumor biochemistry.
abstract: Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an emerging technique for dramatically increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This review evaluates the potential strengths and weaknesses of DNP-enhanced (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (DNP-MRSI) as a clinical imaging technique in comparison to PET. The major advantage of MRS is chemical shift, which enables the injected molecule to be observed separately from its metabolites, whereas the major advantage of PET is its high sensitivity. Factors such as spatial and temporal resolution and potential risks and costs of the two techniques will be discussed. PET tracers and (13)C-labeled molecules that can be used in oncology will be reviewed with reference to the biologic processes they detect. Because DNP-MRSI and PET are, in principle, similar techniques for assessing tumor metabolism, the experiences gained during the development of PET may help to accelerate translation of DNP-MRSI into routine patient imaging.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ferdia A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bohndiek
authors.forename: Mikko I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kettunen
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soloviev
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brindle
mesh_terms: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000600:supply & distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals