title: Long-term quality of life after pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis and the influence of socioeconomic factors and comorbidity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the long-term impact of pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term consequences of pregnancy-related DVT by assessment of self-reported, disease-specific quality of life (QOL) and symptom severity using the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study (VEINES)-QOL/Sym questionnaire, and to investigate the influence of socioeconomic factors and comorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional case-control study, 313 women with validated pregnancy-related DVT and 353 controls completed a comprehensive questionnaire, including the disease-specific VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire. After exclusion of DVT outside the lower limbs and missing scores, the study population comprised 208 patients and 347 controls. A VEINES-QOL/Sym score < the 25th percentile was defined as a clinically relevant reduced outcome compared with scores ≥ the 50th percentile. Predictors for low scores were identified in multivariate logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases reported lower mean VEINES-QOL/Sym scores than controls, 45.6/45.4 vs. 52.8/52.7, respectively (P < 0.001), and QOL among cases was still reduced compared with controls when adjusted for possible confounders. Low education was an independent predictor for both low VEINES-QOL and VEINES-Sym scores, and in addition being married/cohabitating predicted low VEINES-Sym scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term QOL and symptom scores as assessed with the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire were lower in women with previous pregnancy-related DVT than in controls, and also when adjusted for possible confounders. By logistic regression, low education was an independent predictor for low scores. This supports the use of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire in studies on pregnancy-related DVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wik
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Enden
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sandset
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*