title: A new modified fluorescein strip: Its repeatability and usefulness in tear film break-up time analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (i) analyze the repeatability of fluorescein instillation from a modified fluorescein strip (MFS) compared to a standard fluorescein strip (FS), and to (ii) observe its usefulness in the measurement of the fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) in comparison to the Tearscope (NIBUT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In-vitro: Intra- and inter-observer repeatability in fluorescein instillation from the MFS and FS was evaluated by fluorescence analysis (n=10, each). In-vivo: BUT of the right eye of 20 randomly selected subjects (mean age 43.3±11.5, range=21-60 years, 8 males, 12 females) was measured by use of the Tearscope and MFS. Subjects were grouped by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score into 8 OSDI+ and 12 OSDI- by a cut-off value of 15.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In-vitro: Intra-observer 95% limit of agreement (LoA) of the MFS was similar to the FS LoA in observer 1 (O1), but better than the FS LoA in observer (O2) (MFS: O1: LoA=±1.98 mW; p=0.179; O2: ±2.71; 0.442; FS: O1: ±1.71; 0.246; O2: ±4.11; 0.512). Inter-observer LoA in fluorescence was better in MFS (±1.42; 0.111) than in FS (±3.71; 0.003). In-vivo: MFS-BUT was significantly shorter than the NIBUT (p=0.002), but significantly correlated (r=0.864, p<0.001). NIBUT and MFS-BUT were significant discriminators (p<0.001) of OSDI±(0.948/8s and 0.938/5s [AUC/cut-off value]; NIBUT and MFS-BUT, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MFS was better in the repeatability of fluorescein instillation than the FS. NIBUT and MFS-BUT were good discriminators of dry eye symptoms, but differ in their cut-off values.
authors.affiliation: Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany. ovr@heiko-pult.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pult
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Riede-Pult
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011934:Reagent Strips; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011934:Reagent Strips; D019793:Fluorescein