title: Maternal smoking during pregnancy, polymorphic CYP1A1 and GSTM1, and lung-function measures in urban family children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding the interplay between genes and in-utero tobacco exposure in affecting child lung development is of great significance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tobacco-related lung-function reduction in children differs by maternal polymorphic genes Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected among 370 children (6-10 years old, 81.6% African-Americans) and their biological mothers visiting a large children's hospital. Study hypotheses were tested using multiple regression method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the study sample, 143 mothers smoked throughout pregnancy and 72 smoked on a daily basis. Spirometric measures (mean±SD) included were: forced vital capacity (FVC)=1635±431 mL, forced expiratory volume in the first 1s (FEV1)=1440 ±360 mL, percent FEV1/FVC ratio=89±12, and forced expiratory flow between the 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75)=1745±603 mL. In addition to a tobacco effect on FVC (-131 mL, 95% CI: -245, -17) and FEV1/FVC ratio (42, 95% CI: 1, 83), regression analysis controlling for covariates indicated that for the subsample of children whose mothers were CYP1A1⁎2A homozygous, maternal daily smoking was associated with -734 mL (95% CI: -1206, -262) reductions in FEV1 and -825 mL (95% CI: -909, -795) reductions in FVC; reduced smoking was still associated with -590 mL (95% CI: -629, -551) reductions in FVC. For children of mothers with GSTM1 deletion, persistent daily smoking was associated with -176 mL (95% CI: -305, -47) reductions in FVC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with lung-function reduction in children, particularly for those whose mothers possessed the polymorphic CYP1A1*2A and GSTM1 deletion.
authors.affiliation: The Adams Ann Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. jimchen@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Xinguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdulhamid
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woodcroft
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D003367:Cotinine