title: Connective tissue growth factor is required for normal follicle development and ovulation.
abstract: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cysteine-rich protein the synthesis and secretion of which are hypothesized to be selectively regulated by activins and other members of the TGF-β superfamily. To investigate the in vivo roles of CTGF in female reproduction, we generated Ctgf ovarian and uterine conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Ctgf cKO mice exhibit severe subfertility and multiple reproductive defects including disrupted follicle development, decreased ovulation rates, increased numbers of corpus luteum, and smaller but functionally normal uterine horns. Steroidogenesis is disrupted in the Ctgf cKO mice, leading to increased levels of serum progesterone. We show that disrupted follicle development is accompanied by a significant increase in granulosa cell apoptosis. Moreover, despite normal cumulus expansion, Ctgf cKO mice exhibit a significant decrease in oocytes ovulated, likely due to impaired ovulatory process. During analyses of mRNA expression, we discovered that Ctgf cKO granulosa cells show gene expression changes similar to our previously reported granulosa cell-specific knockouts of activin and Smad4, the common TGF-β family intracellular signaling protein. We also discovered a significant down-regulation of Adamts1, a progesterone-regulated gene that is critical for the remodeling of extracellular matrix surrounding granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. These findings demonstrate that CTGF is a downstream mediator in TGF-β and progesterone signaling cascades and is necessary for normal follicle development and ovulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Jaeyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Qinglei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lydon
authors.forename: Francesco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: DeMayo
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Matzuk
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071097:ADAMTS1 Protein; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003656:Decidua / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D011374:Progesterone; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071097:ADAMTS1 Protein; C486323:Adamts1 protein, mouse