title: Use of EPR and FTIR to detect biological effects of ultrasound and microbubbles on a fibroblast cell line.
abstract: Structural and functional effects of exposing murine fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) to therapeutic ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency are described. These bioeffects can be attributed to the formation of free radical species by sonolysis of water. When cavitation occurs, dissociation of water vapor into H atoms and OH radicals is observed; these H atoms and OH radicals combine to form H(2), H(2)O(2), and HO(2). The radicals can chemically modify biomolecules, for example enzymes, DNA, and lipids. Generation of free radicals during exposure to ultrasound with or without encapsulated microbubbles (contrast agents) was studied by use of electron paramagnetic resonance with DMPO spin trapping. Recently the potential for possible use of these microbubbles in gene therapy has been investigated, because of the ability of the stabilized microbubbles to release their content when exposed to ultrasound. Structural changes were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and induction of possible genotoxic damage by exposure of the cells to therapeutic ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency with our experimental device was verified by use of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy. deleana.pozzi@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fattibene
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viscomi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Giambattista
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Udroiu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giliberti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Congiu Castellano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002460:Cell Line; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000235:genetics; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000009:adverse effects; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D013016:Sound / Q000009:adverse effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D019097:Spin Trapping; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D010710:Phosphates; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide