title: Evaluation of claw health in heifers in seven dairy farms using a digital claw trimming protocol and claw data analysis system.
abstract: The claw health of 139 heifers with a mean age of 22.1 months (SD: 2.6) in seven free stall dairy farms in Lower Austria was evaluated. Claw lesions were assessed during functional claw trimming and documented and analysed using the digital program Claw Manager. For documentation of lesions, each claw was divided into ten zones. The prevalence of lameness, claw lesions and their severity were determined, furthermore the Cow-Claw-Scores (CCS), Farm-Claw-Scores (FCS) and Farm-Zone-Scores (FZS) were calculated.The FCS between farms was tested for significant differences. A lameness prevalence of 9.4% and an overall prevalence of claw lesions of 98.5% were recorded in these 139 heifers.The most commonly diagnosed disorders were white line lesions (WLL) with a prevalence of 87.1%, heel horn erosion (84.9%), double soles (DS; 47.5%), sole haemorrhages (SH; 33.1%) and a concave dorsal wall contour in 15.1% of the heifers. High correlation coefficients (r > or = 0.93) were found between SH and DS, WLL and DS. 86.5% of all diagnosed claw lesions were score 1 (mild), 11.1% score 2 (moderate) and 2.4% score 3 (severe) lesions. The CCS in all heifers ranged between 0 and 267, and the FCS in the seven herds was between eleven and 55. Claw zone 3 was affected most frequently and severely. Following the results of this study, systematic functional claw trimming and consequent documentation of detected claw lesions is highly recommended for heifers at the time of their first insemination to prevent claw disorders in lactating cows and to improve their well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria. johann.kofler@vetmeduni.ac.at
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hangl
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pesenhofer
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Landl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000502:physiology*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D013223:Statistics as Topic