title: Effect of chlorhexidine pretreatment on bond strength durability of caries-affected dentin over 2-year aging in artificial saliva and under simulated intrapulpal pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of 2% and 5% chlorhexidine (CHX) pretreatment on bond durability of a self-etching adhesive to normal (ND) and caries-affected (AD) dentin after 2-years of aging in artificial saliva and under simulated intrapulpal pressure (IPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty freshly extracted carious teeth were ground to expose ND and AD. Specimens were distributed into three equal groups (n=40) according to whether the dentin substrates were pretreated with 2% or 5% CHX or with water (control). Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) was applied to both substrates and composite cylinders (0.9 mm diameter and 0.7 mm height) were formed. Pretreatment and bonding were done while the specimens were subjected to 15 mm Hg IPP. After curing, specimens were aged in artificial saliva at 37°C and under IPP at 20 mm Hg until being tested after 24 hours or 2 years (n=20/group). Microshear bond strength was evaluated. Failure modes were determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 400× magnification. Data were statistically analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); one-way ANOVA tests, and t-test (p<0.05). Additional specimens (n=5/group) were prepared to evaluate interfacial silver precipitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 24-hour groups, there were no significant differences among the ND groups and AD groups. For ND aged specimens, the 5% CHX group had the highest value followed by the 2% CHX and control groups, although the difference was statistically insignificant. For AD aged specimens, the 5% CHX group revealed statistically higher bond values compared to the 2% CHX and control groups. Fracture modes were predominately adhesive and mixed. Different interfacial silver depositions were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two percent or 5% CHX pretreatment has no adverse effect on the 24-hour bonding to ND and AD. Five percent CHX was able to diminish the loss in bonding to AD after 2years of aging in artificial saliva and under simulated IPP.
authors.affiliation: Cairo University, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt. enasmobarak@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Mobarak
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000473:pathology; D003763:Dental Leakage; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D011312:Pressure; D019279:Resin Cements; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D033081:Shear Strength; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D002710:Chlorhexidine