title: Generation of free radicals in haemocytes of mussels after exposure to low molecular weight PAH components: immune activation, oxidative and genotoxic effects.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constituents, such as phenanthrene (PH) and anthracene (AN), are considered toxic for marine organisms, including bivalve mollusks. The present study showed that the perturbation of health status in mussels, as well as their inability to survive in air (stress on stress response), following exposure to either PH or AN (at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/L respectively), and a mixture of them (ration 1:1, at a final concentration of 0.2 mg/L) for 7 days, is probably related with alterations occurred in their haemocytes. According to the present study, PH and AN, either alone or in a mixture, could induce elevated levels of superoxide anions ((•)O(2)(-)) within haemocytes of mussels, thus leading to immune susceptibility as indicated by the increased levels of cell death and the elevated levels of lysosomal membrane acid phosphatase (AcP) activity, probably occurred via its overproduction or its release into the cytosol after lysosomal membrane destabilisation. PAH-mediated oxidative and genotoxic effects, indicated by the increased levels of both lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and nuclear abnormalities (MN test) could be related with haemocytes' inability to overcome free radical generation, thus leading to attenuation of general health status, before other disturbances, such as death, occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece.
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannapas
authors.forename: Loukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karnis
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailianis
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects; D008970:Molecular Weight; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013481:Superoxides; C031181:phenanthrene; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C034020:anthracene