title: Incretin effect: GLP-1, GIP, DPP4.
abstract: The term incretin effect was used to describe the fact that oral glucose load produces a greater insulin response than that of an isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion. This difference has been attributed to gastrointestinal peptides GLP-1 and GIP. Since incretin effect is reduced in subjects with type 2 diabetes, despite GLP-1 activity preservation, two forms of incretin-based treatment have emerged: GLP-1R agonists, administered subcutaneously and DPP-4 inhibitors, administered orally. There is a great interest whether incretin-based treatment will be associated with sustained long-term control and improvement in β-cell function. The observation that GLP-1R agonists improve myocardial function and survival of cardiomyocytes highlights the need for further studies. Incretin-based therapies offer a new option and show great promise for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. kkazakos@med.auth.gr
authors.forename: Kyriafeos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazafeos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; C066448:exendin 3; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide