title: Investigating the role of feedback and motivation in clinical reaction time assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of performance feedback and motivation during 2 tests of simple visuomotor reaction time (RT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient academic physiatry clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one healthy adults (mean [SD], 54 ± 15 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed a clinical test of RT (RT(clin)) and a computerized test of RT with and without performance feedback (RT(compFB) and RT(compNoFB), respectively) in randomly assigned order. They then ranked their degree of motivation during each test. RT(clin) measured the time required to catch a suspended vertical shaft by hand closure after release of the shaft by the examiner. RT(compFB) and RT(compNoFB) both measured the time required to press a computer key in response to a visual cue displayed on a computer monitor. Performance feedback (visual display of the previous trial and summary results) was provided for RT(compFB), but not for RT(compNoFB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Means and standard deviations of RT(clin), RT(compFB), and RT(compNoFB) and participants' self-reported motivation on a 5-point Likert scale for each test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in both the means and standard deviations of RT(clin), RT(compFB), and RT(compNoFB) (F(2,60) = 81.66, P < .0001; F(2,60) = 32.46, P < .0001, respectively), with RT(clin) being both the fastest and least variable of the RT measurements. RT(clin) was more strongly correlated with RT(compFB) (r = 0.449, P = .0011) than with RT(compNoFB) (r = 0.314, P = .086). The participants reported similar levels of motivation between RT(clin) and RT(compFB), both of which were reported to be more motivating than RT(compNoFB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stronger correlation between RT(clin) and RT(compFB) as well as the higher reported motivation during RT(clin) and RT(compFB) testing suggest that performance feedback is a positive motivating factor that is inherent to RT(clin) testing. RT(clin) is a simple, inexpensive technique for measuring RT and appears to be an intrinsically motivating task. This motivation may promote faster, more consistent RT performance compared with currently available computerized programs, which do not typically provide performance feedback.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. jeckner@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Eckner
authors.forename: Srikrishna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandran
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007721:Knowledge of Results, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009048:Motor Skills; D011930:Reaction Time