title: Clinical efficacy of a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide mouth rinse: targeted elimination of Streptococcus mutans and prevention of demineralization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Streptococcus mutans, the major etiological agent of dental caries, has a measurable impact on domestic and global health care costs. Though persistent in the oral cavity despite conventional oral hygiene, S. mutans can be excluded from intact oral biofilms through competitive exclusion by other microorganisms. This suggests that therapies capable of selectively eliminating S. mutans while limiting the damage to the normal oral flora might be effective long-term interventions to fight cariogenesis. To meet this challenge, we designed C16G2, a novel synthetic specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide with specificity for S. mutans. C16G2 consists of a S. mutans-selective 'targeting region' comprised of a fragment from S. mutans competence stimulation peptide (CSP) conjoined to a 'killing region' consisting of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (G2). In vitro studies have indicated that C16G2 has robust efficacy and selectivity for S. mutans, and not other oral bacteria, and affects targeted bacteria within seconds of contact.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we evaluated C16G2 for clinical utility in vitro, followed by a pilot efficacy study to examine the impact of a 0.04% (w/v) C16G2 rinse in an intra-oral remineralization/demineralization model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C16G2 rinse usage was associated with reductions in plaque and salivary S. mutans, lactic acid production, and enamel demineralization. The impact on total plaque bacteria was minimal. These results suggest that C16G2 is effective against S. mutans in vivo and should be evaluated further in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santarpia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavender
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gittins
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eckert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008555:Melitten / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012463:Saliva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009067:Mouthwashes; C423628:competence factor, Streptococcus; D008555:Melitten; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013395:Sucrose