title: The impact of teacher responsivity education on preschoolers' language and literacy skills.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the extent to which teacher responsivity education affected preschoolers' language and literacy development over an academic year. Additional aims were to determine whether children's initial language abilities and teachers' use of responsivity strategies were associated with language outcomes, in particular.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized controlled trial, preschool centers were assigned to a responsivity education intervention (n = 19 centers, 25 teachers, and 174 children) or a "business-as-usual" control condition (n = 19 centers, 24 teachers, and 156 children). Teachers within the intervention centers received training focused on a set of strategies designed to promote children's engagement and participation in extended conversational interactions across the school day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical linear models showed no main effects on children's language skills, although moderating effects were observed such that the intervention appeared to have positive effects for children with relatively high initial language abilities. In addition, teacher use of responsivity strategies was positively associated with vocabulary development. With regard to children's literacy skills, there was a significant main effect of the intervention on print-concept knowledge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although teacher responsivity education is viewed as benefitting children's language and literacy development, the impacts of this type of intervention on children's skills warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA. sonia@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Sonia Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Cabell
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Justice
authors.forename: Shayne B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Piasta
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Curenton
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Khara Pence
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Yaacov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Petscher
mesh_terms: D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004493:Education / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D004522:Educational Status; D005178:Faculty / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools / Q000592:standards; D013192:Staff Development / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D014825:Vocabulary