title: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor enhances human islet posttransplantation survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of pretransplantation islet culture strategies that preserve or enhance β-cell viability would eliminate the requirement for the large numbers of islets needed to restore insulin independence in type 1 diabetes patients. We investigated whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could improve human islet survival and posttransplantation function in diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human islets were cultured in medium supplemented with or without GDNF (100 ng/mL) and in vitro islet survival and function assessed by analyzing β-cell apoptosis and glucose stimulated insulin release. In vivo effects of GDNF were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice transplanted under the kidney capsule with 2000 islet equivalents of human islets precultured in medium supplemented with or without GDNF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, human islets cultured for 2 to 10 days in medium supplemented with GDNF showed lower β-cell death, increased Akt phosphorylation, and higher glucose-induced insulin secretion than islets cultured in vehicle. Human islets precultured in medium supplemented with GDNF restored more diabetic mice to normoglycemia and for a longer period after transplantation than islets cultured in vehicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that GDNF has beneficial effects on human islet survival and could be used to improve islet posttransplantation survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA.
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.forename: Nikrad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shahnavaz
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Veerappa K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Shanthi V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sitaraman
authors.forename: Shanthi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000009:adverse effects; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007328:Insulin; D013311:Streptozocin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005947:Glucose