title: Spiritual assessment and Native Americans: establishing the social validity of a complementary set of assessment tools.
abstract: Although social work practitioners are increasingly likely to administer spiritual assessments with Native American clients, few qualitative assessment instruments have been validated with this population. This mixed-method study validates a complementary set of spiritual assessment instruments. Drawing on the social validity literature, a sample of experts in Native culture (N = 50) evaluated the instruments' cultural consistency, strengths, limitations, and areas needing improvement. Regarding the degree of congruence with Native American culture, verbally based spiritual histories ranked highest and diagrammatically oriented spiritual genograms ranked lowest, although all instruments demonstrated at least moderate levels of consistency with Native culture.The results also suggest that practitioners' level of spiritual competence plays a crucial role in ensuring the instruments are operationalized in a culturally appropriate manner.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Gordon E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Limb
mesh_terms: D000884:Anthropology, Cultural / Q000379:methods*; D054521:Cultural Competency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012947:Social Work; D029181:Spirituality; D014481:United States