title: Giant fornix syndrome:  a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the demographics, characteristics, and treatment of giant fornix syndrome, a rare cause of chronic purulent conjunctivitis in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of five patients with giant fornix syndrome evaluated by the Cornea Service, Oculoplastics and Orbital Surgery Service and the Department of Pathology at the Wills Eye Institute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the 5 female patients was 75 years (mean 80, range 70-95). The median duration of eye symptoms before presentation was 2 years (mean 2.4, range 1-4). Before referral, the chronic conjunctivitis was treated with topical antibiotics in all 5 cases and with additional dacryocystorhinostomy in one case. The right eye was affected in 2 cases, and the left eye was affected in the other 3 cases. Floppy eyelids were present in 2 cases. The superior fornix was involved in 4 cases, and the inferior fornix was involved in one case. Pseudomembranes and superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) were seen in 3 cases. Diagnosis of giant fornix syndrome was made in all 5 cases. Conjunctival culture grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. aureus in singular cases. Case 1 was treated with topical moxifloxacin, Case 2 was treated with topical vancomycin and repair of the upper eyelid, Case 3 was treated with topical besifloxacin, and Case 4 was treated with dacryocystorhinostomy and topical vancomycin. Case 5 was treated with reconstruction of the left upper eyelid. The median duration of follow up was 4 months (mean 21.6, range 1-84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Giant fornix syndrome can lead to chronic relapsing conjunctivitis in the elderly. Deep conjunctival fornices in affected patients can be a site for prolonged sequestration of bacteria causing recurrent infections. Removing the infected debris from the superior fornix and reconstruction of the upper eyelid may prevent the recurrent chronic persistent infection.
authors.affiliation: Cornea Service, Wills Eye Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turaka
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Penne
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rapuano
authors.forename: Brandon D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: Azin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abazari
authors.forename: Ralph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hammersmith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents