title: Contamination and source differentiation of Pb in park soils along an urban-rural gradient in Shanghai.
abstract: Urban soil Pb contamination is a great human health risk. Lead distribution and source in topsoils from 14 parks in Shanghai, China were investigated along an urban-rural gradient. Topsoils were contaminated averagely with 65 mg Pb kg(-1), 2.5 times higher than local soil background concentrations. HCl-extracts contained more anthropogenic Pb signatures than total sample digests as revealed by the higher (207/206)Pb and (208/206)Pb ratios in extracts (0.8613 ± 0.0094 and 2.1085 ± 0.0121 versus total digests 0.8575 ± 0.0098 and 2.0959 ± 0.0116). This suggests a higher sensitivity of HCl-extraction than total digestion in identifying anthropogenic Pb sources. Coal combustion emission was identified as the major anthropogenic Pb source (averagely 47%) while leaded gasoline emission contributed 12% overall. Urbanization effects were observed by total Pb content and anthropogenic Pb contribution. This study suggests that to reduce Pb contamination, Shanghai might have to change its energy composition to clean energy.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
authors.forename: Hong-bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Gui-lin
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xiao-san
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014507:Urbanization; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D007854:Lead