title: Carotid intima-media thickness at 7 years of age: relationship to C-reactive protein rather than adiposity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  According to the concept of adipose tissue expandability, the vascular complications of obesity are related less to the amount of stored fat than to the low-grade inflammation that excess fat storage may elicit. We tested this concept in 7-year-old children by assessing whether carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is related to obesity measures or to circulating highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), as a marker of low-grade inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 135 asymptomatic Caucasian children (72 girls and 63 boys; mean age, 7.1±1.1 years) with normal height and weight distributions. Relationships were assessed among cIMT, hsCRP, obesity measures (ie, body mass index [BMI], total fat by bioelectric impedance, and visceral fat by ultrasound), insulin resistance (by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance), and fasting serum lipid levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cIMT was correlated with hsCRP, but not with BMI or body fat; the regression coefficients between cIMT and hsCRP (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, body fat, and serum lipid levels) were fairly similar across all BMI categories (β=0.370-0.411; all P<.001 to<.0001). Serum hsCRP increased with increasing BMI, total fat, and visceral fat (all P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At age 7 years, cIMT is already associated with low-grade inflammation, as measured by hsCRP, but not with BMI or body fat. These findings imply that public health strategies aimed at early prevention of cardiovascular disease may need to target low-grade inflammation rather than only BMI or adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Salut Empordà Foundation, Figueres, Spain.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Osiniri
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sitjar
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soriano-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prats-Puig
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casas-Satre
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mayol
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Zegher
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibánez
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bassols
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Bermejo
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein