title: The association between neighborhood characteristics and body size and physical activity in the California teachers study cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We considered interactions between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) and neighborhood factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used recursive partitioning to identify predictors of low recreational physical activity (< 2.5 hours/week) and overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m(2)) among 118,315 women in the California Teachers Study. Neighborhood characteristics were based on 2000 US Census data and Reference US business listings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low physical activity and being overweight or obese were associated with individual sociodemographic characteristics, including race/ethnicity and age. Among White women aged 36 to 75 years, living in neighborhoods with more household crowding was associated with a higher probability of low physical activity (54% vs 45% to 51%). In less crowded neighborhoods where more people worked outside the home, the existence of fewer neighborhood amenities was associated with a higher probability of low physical activity (51% vs 46%). Among non-African American middle-aged women, living in neighborhoods with a lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher probability of being overweight or obese (46% to 59% vs 38% in high-socioeconomic status neighborhoods).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations between physical activity, overweight and obesity, and the built environment varied by sociodemographic characteristics in this educated population.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, 94538, USA. theresa.keegan@CPIC.org
authors.forename: Theresa H M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Pam L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Horn-Ross
authors.forename: Scarlett L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gomez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires