title: An exercise intervention to prevent falls in people with Parkinson's disease: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of an exercise programme with usual care in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have a history of falls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment was from three primary and four secondary care organisations, and PD support groups in South West England. The intervention was delivered in community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  People with PD, with a history of two or more falls in the previous year, who were able to mobilise independently.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 week, physiotherapy led, group delivered strength and balance training programme with supplementary home exercises (intervention) or usual care (control).
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of falls during the (a) 10 week intervention period and (b) the 10 week follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  130 people were recruited and randomised (64 to the intervention; 66 to usual care). Seven participants (5.4%) did not complete the study. The incidence rate ratio for falls was 0.68 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.07, p=0.10) during the intervention period and 0.74 (95% CI 0.41 to 1.33, p=0.31) during the follow-up period. Statistically significant between group differences were observed in Berg balance, Falls Efficacy Scale-International scores and recreational physical activity levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study did not demonstrate a statistically significant between group difference in falls although the difference could be considered clinically significant. However, a type 2 error cannot be ruled out. The findings from this trial add to the evidence base for physiotherapy and exercise in the management of people with PD. Trial registration ISRCTN50793425.
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Group, Peninsula College of Medicineand Dentistry (PCMD), UK. victoria.goodwin@pms.ac.uk
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Suzanne H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Henley
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewings
authors.forename: Adrian H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004739:England; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome