title: Lack of association between gene polymorphisms of Angiotensin converting enzyme, Nod-like receptor 1, Toll-like receptor 4, FAS/FASL and the presence of Helicobacter pylori-induced premalignant gastric lesions and gastric cancer in Caucasians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several polymorphisms of genes involved in the immunological recognition of Helicobacter pylori and regulating apoptosis and proliferation have been linked to gastric carcinogenesis, however reported data are partially conflicting. The aim of our study was to evaluate potential associations between the presence of gastric cancer (GC) and high risk atrophic gastritis (HRAG) and polymorphisms of genes encoding Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Nod-like receptor 1 (NOD1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and FAS/FASL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene polymorphisms were analyzed in 574 subjects (GC: n = 114; HRAG: n = 222, controls: n = 238) of Caucasian origin. ACE I/D (rs4646994), NOD1 796G>A (rs5743336), TLR4 3725G>C (rs11536889), FAS 1377G>A (rs2234767), FAS 670A>G (rs1800682) and FASL 844T>C (rs763110) were genotyped by different PCR approaches and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of genotypes in our study are similar to the data reported on subjects of Caucasian ethnicity. There was a tendency for NOD1 796G/G genotype to be associated with increased risk of HRAG (62.4% vs. 54.5% in controls, p = 0.082). FAS 670G/G genotype was more frequent in HRAG when compared to controls, 23.9% and 17.2% respectively, however it failed to reach significance level (p = 0.077). We did not find any significant associations for all polymorphisms in relation to GC or HRAG. NOD1 796G>A and TLR4 3725G>C gene polymorphisms were also not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE, NOD1, TRL4 and FAS/FASL gene polymorphisms are not linked with gastric carcinogenesis in Caucasians, and therefore they should not be considered as potential biomarkers for identifying individuals with higher risk for GC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Juozas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kupcinskas
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wex
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bornschein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selgrad
authors.forename: Marcis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leja
authors.forename: Elona
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juozaityte
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiudelis
authors.forename: Laimas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonaitis
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malfertheiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D019014:fas Receptor; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A