title: Usefulness of indocyanine green angiography to depict the distant retinal vascular anomalies associated with branch retinal vein occlusion causing serous macular detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the usefulness of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) to depict the retinal vascular anomalies associated with distant branch retinal vein occlusion resulting in serous retinal detachment at the macula.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, case series of 6 patients (6 eyes) with serous retinal detachments. Fluorescein angiography and ICGA showed that those 6 eyes had a distant branch retinal vein occlusion. The characteristics in ophthalmic examinations such as fundus appearance, fluorescein angiography, ICGA, optical coherence tomography, and clinical courses were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to serous retinal detachments, five eyes exhibited hard exudates around the macula. Fluorescein angiography and ICGA clearly showed the vessel occlusion; however, no apparent abnormalities appeared in the macular area in any of the eyes. In four eyes, early-phase ICGA depicted the retinal vascular anomalies within the area of venous occlusion and those were seen as hyperfluorescent patches on late-phase ICGA. In two eyes, punctate hyperfluorescent spots were seen in the area of venous occlusion on late-phase ICGA. Optical coherence tomography depicted a serous retinal detachment at the macula and retinal swelling in the outer nuclear layer from the macula to the hyperfluorescent abnormalities on ICGA. The macular serous retinal detachments were resolved within 3 months after laser photocoagulation was applied to the hyperfluorescent areas on ICGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leakage from subsequent vascular anomalies after branch retinal vein occlusion can cause submacular fluid. Indocyanine green angiography is useful for detecting the causative vascular regions of the fluid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Mihoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D058471:Subretinal Fluid; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green