title: Platelet-rich plasma releasate inhibits inflammatory processes in osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently been postulated as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). Although anabolic effects of PRP on chondrocytes are well documented, no reports are known addressing effects on cartilage degeneration. Since OA is characterized by a catabolic and inflammatory joint environment, the authors investigated whether PRP was able to counteract the effects of such an environment on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Platelet-rich plasma inhibits inflammatory effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in the presence of IL-1 beta to mimic an osteoarthritic environment. Medium was supplemented with 0%, 1%, or 10% PRP releasate (PRPr, the active releasate of PRP). After 48 hours, gene expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)4, ADAMTS5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 was analyzed. Additionally, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, nitric oxide (NO) production, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platelet-rich plasma releasate diminished IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of COL2A1 and ACAN gene expression. The PRPr also reduced IL-1 beta-induced increase of ADAMTS4 and PTGS2 gene expression. ADAMTS5 gene expression and GAG content were not influenced by IL-1 beta or additional PRPr. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 gene expression and NO production were upregulated by IL-1 beta but not affected by added PRPr. Finally, PRPr reduced IL-1 beta-induced NFκB activation to control levels containing no IL-1 beta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelet-rich plasma releasate diminished multiple inflammatory IL-1 beta-mediated effects on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes, including inhibition of NFκB activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelet-rich plasma releasate counteracts effects of an inflammatory environment on genes regulating matrix degradation and formation in human chondrocytes. Platelet-rich plasma releasate decreases NFκB activation, a major pathway involved in the pathogenesis of OA. These results encourage further study of PRP as a treatment for OA.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopaedics and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerben M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: van Buul
authors.forename: Wendy L M
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Koevoet
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kops
authors.forename: P Koen
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Jan A N
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verhaar
authors.forename: Harrie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weinans
authors.forename: Monique R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bernsen
authors.forename: Gerjo J V M
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van Osch
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000071121:ADAMTS4 Protein; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D011348:Procollagen N-Endopeptidase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; C499177:COL2A1 protein, human; D024043:Collagen Type II; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C508585:IL1B protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D051722:ADAM Proteins; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D011348:Procollagen N-Endopeptidase; D000071121:ADAMTS4 Protein; C000603918:ADAMTS4 protein, human