title: Taltirelin, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog, alleviates mechanical allodynia through activation of descending monoaminergic neurons in persistent inflammatory pain.
abstract: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogs have been reported to modulate descending monoaminergic inhibitory neurons, resulting in antinociception. However, it remains unknown whether TRH exerts an antiallodynic effect during persistent pain. Here, we investigated the action of taltirelin, a stable TRH analog, on mechanical allodynia in mice with inflammatory persistent pain induced by an injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hindpaw. Systemic administration of 1.0 mg/kg taltirelin markedly reduced mechanical allodynia. This effect was abolished by the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced depletion of central noradrenaline. While intraperitoneal injection of the α₁-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin had no effect, intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of the α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine prevented the antiallodynic action of taltirelin. In addition, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced depletion of serotonin (5-HT) and intraperitoneal and intrathecal injection of the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY-100635 blocked the effect of taltirelin on allodynia. These findings suggest that taltirelin alleviates mechanical allodynia in inflammatory persistent pain by modulating the descending noradrenergic and serotonergic neuronal pathways via indirect activation of spinal α₂-adrenergic and 5-HT(1A) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Sun Kwang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nabekura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D010134:Fenclonine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D051379:Mice; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000633:toxicity; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; C065049:TA 0910; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; C090413:N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide; D016627:Oxidopamine; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D010134:Fenclonine