title: [Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems].
abstract: Review is devoted to the analysis of biological effects of microwaves. The results of last years' researches indicated the potential risks of long-term low-level microwaves exposure for human health. The analysis of metabolic changes in living cells under the exposure of microwaves from mobile communication systems indicates that this factor is stressful for cells. Among the reproducible effects of low-level microwave radiation are overexpression of heat shock proteins, an increase of reactive oxygen species level, an increase of intracellular Ca2+, damage of DNA, inhibition of DNA reparation, and induction of apoptosis. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK and stress-related kinases p38MAPK are involved in metabolic changes. Analysis of current data suggests that the concept of exceptionally thermal mechanism of biological effects of microwaves is not correct. In turn, this raises the question of the need to revaluation of modern electromagnetic standards based on thermal effects of non-ionizing radiation on biological systems.
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Iakimenko
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Sidorik
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tsybulin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000592:standards; D004249:DNA Damage; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases