title: Cryoablation of atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery: outcomes and myocardial injury biomarkers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevations of myocardial injury biomarkers after cardiac surgery without ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) are related to perioperative myocardial ischemia and associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiac events. However, there have not been any studies that examined the release of cardiac biomarkers after AF cryoablation procedures with concomitant cardiac surgery. The authors determined the levels of these biomarkers for 2 different procedures involving cryoablation and assessed their clinical implications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study with cardiac surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-two cardiac surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent 1 of 2 different cryoablation approaches: the modified Cox-Maze (CM) III procedure (n = 63) or the isolated left atrial (LA) maze procedure (n = 89). Plasma levels of cardiac biomarkers were measured at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was performed at 1 month and 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups reached very high peak levels of CPK-MB (CM group, 368 ± 171.4 ng/mL and LA group, 203 ± 86.4 ng/mL) and troponin T (CM, 8 ± 4.5 ng/mL and LA, 3.4 ± 2.4 ng/mL). The CPK, CPK-MB, and troponin T levels were significantly higher in the modified CM group compared with the LA maze group. In the first 24 hours after surgery, the average CPK-MB and troponin T values were 78.2 ng/mL higher and 2.3 ng/mL higher, respectively, in the CM group compared with the LA group. In both groups, 79% of the patients remained free of AF at 12 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryoablation in cardiac surgery causes the release of very high levels of myocardial injury biomarkers. The modified CM lesion causes a greater elevation of serum biomarker levels than the isolated LA maze procedure, but this increase does not seem to have an adverse effect on rhythm or overall outcome. Cryoablation is a safe and effective surgical treatment for AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital de León, León, Spain. josemmcomendador@gmail.com
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Comendador
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castaño
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mosquera
authors.forename: Jesús Gómez
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Plana
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gualis
authors.forename: Carlos Esteban
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mencía
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000758:Anesthesia; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D015415:Biomarkers; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; D020107:Troponin T; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D000638:Amiodarone