title: Tailored microarray platform for the detection of marine toxins.
abstract: Currently, there are no fast in vitro broad spectrum screening bioassays for the detection of marine toxins. The aim of this study was to develop such an assay. In gene expression profiling experiments 17 marker genes were provisionally selected that were differentially regulated in human intestinal Caco-2 cells upon exposure to the lipophilic shellfish poisons azaspiracid-1 (AZA1) or dinophysis toxin-1 (DTX1). These 17 genes together with two control genes were the basis for the design of a tailored microarray platform for the detection of these marine toxins and potentially others. Five out of the 17 selected marker genes on this dedicated DNA microarray gave clear signals, whereby the resulting fingerprints could be used to detect these toxins. CEACAM1, DDIT4, and TUBB3 were up-regulated by both AZA1 and DTX1, TRIB3 was up-regulated by AZA1 only, and OSR2 by DTX1 only. Analysis by singleplex qRT-PCR revealed the up- and down-regulation of the selected RGS16 and NPPB marker genes by DTX1, that were not envisioned by the new developed dedicated array. The qRT-PCR targeting the DDIT4, RSG16 and NPPB genes thus already resulted in a specific pattern for AZA1 and DTX1 indicating that for this specific case qRT-PCR might a be more suitable approach than a dedicated array.
authors.affiliation: RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, Business Unit Bioanalysis & Toxicology, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands. toine.bovee@wur.nl
authors.forename: T F H
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Bovee
authors.forename: P J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Portier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van Egmond
authors.forename: M W F
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nielen
authors.forename: A A C M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Peijnenburg
authors.forename: L A P
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoogenboom
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000633:toxicity; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D011714:Pyrans; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014404:Tubulin; C069847:CD66 antigens; C469991:DDIT4 protein, human; C498585:TUBB3 protein, human; C406592:azaspiracid; D000095702:Polyether Toxins; C051904:dinophysistoxin 1