title: Effects of new, individually adjusted, progressive balance group training for elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a new, individually adjusted, progressive and specific balance group training programme on fear of falling, step execution, and gait in healthy elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in Stockholm County, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine community dwelling elderly people were recruited by advertisement, and allocated at random to an intervention group (n = 38) or a control group (n = 21).
  
  
  METHODS
  Individually adjusted, progressive and specific balance group training was given three times a week for three months. The training incorporated elements included in, and required for, independent activities of daily living, and for reactions to loss of balance during dual or multiple tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fear of falling was assessed with Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). The reaction time of step execution was measured with the step-execution test, and gait was measured with GAITRite®.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three months the intervention group showed significant positive changes in the FES-I (P = 0.008), in the step-execution phase of dual-task performance (P = 0.012), and in gait at preferred speed during single-task performance; in cadence (P = 0.030) and, at fast speed, in velocity (P = 0.004) and cadence (P = 0.001). Significant decreases were also found for the likelihood of depression after participating in the training programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new balance training programme is feasible and leads to decreased fear of falling, decreased time for step execution during dual-task performance and increased velocity during fast walking.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Health Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Huddinge, Sweden. alexandra.halvarsson@ki.se
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halvarsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oddsson
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farén
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ståhle
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*