title: Water potential affects Coniothyrium minitans growth, germination and parasitism of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia.
abstract: Water availability is an important environmental factor which has major effects on fungal activity. The effects of osmotic (KCl amended agar) and matric Polyethylene glycol ((PEG) 8000 amended agar) potentials over the range -0.1 to -5.0MPa on mycelial growth and conidial germination of eight isolates of the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans was assessed. The influence of soil water potential on the ability of three selected isolates (LU112, LU545, and T5R42i) to parasitise sclerotia of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was determined. For all eight C. minitans isolates, decreasing osmotic and matric potentials caused a reduction in mycelial growth and conidial germination. Isolates were more sensitive to decreasing matric potential than osmotic potential. Across the isolates, growth at an osmotic potential of -5.0MPa was 30-70% of the growth seen in the control, whereas less than 20% of the control growth was seen at the corresponding matric potential. Across all isolates no conidial germination was seen at matric potential of -5.0MPa. The C. minitans isolates varied in their sensitivity to decreasing water potentials. Mycelial growth and conidial germination of three isolates (LU112, Conio, and CH1) were more tolerant of low osmotic potential and matric potential with respect to mycelial growth. Isolates T5R42i and LU430 were least tolerant. In contrast, conidial germination of isolates Conio, LU545, and T5R42i were less sensitive to decreasing matric potential. Soil water potential was seen to affect infection and viability of sclerotia by the three C. minitans isolates. Isolate LU545 reduced sclerotial viability over a wider water potential range (-0.01 to -1.5MPa) compared with LU112 (-0.01 to -1.0MPa), with isolate T5R42i being intermediate. Indigenous soil fungi (Trichoderma spp. and Clonostachys rosea) were recovered from sclerotia but did not result in reduction in sclerotial viability. The relevance of these results in relation to biocontrol activity of C. minitans in soil is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Lincoln University, New Zealand. Eirian.Jones@lincoln.ac.nz
authors.forename: E Eirian
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whipps
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009995:Osmosis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water