title: A multimode optical imaging system for preclinical applications in vivo: technology development, multiscale imaging, and chemotherapy assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several established optical imaging approaches have been applied, usually in isolation, to preclinical studies; however, truly useful in vivo imaging may require a simultaneous combination of imaging modalities to examine dynamic characteristics of cells and tissues. We developed a new multimode optical imaging system designed to be application-versatile, yielding high sensitivity, and specificity molecular imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We integrated several optical imaging technologies, including fluorescence intensity, spectral, lifetime, intravital confocal, two-photon excitation, and bioluminescence, into a single system that enables functional multiscale imaging in animal models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The approach offers a comprehensive imaging platform for kinetic, quantitative, and environmental analysis of highly relevant information, with micro-to-macroscopic resolution. Applied to small animals in vivo, this provides superior monitoring of processes of interest, represented here by chemo-/nanoconstruct therapy assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new system is versatile and can be optimized for various applications, of which cancer detection and targeted treatment are emphasized here.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Surgical Technologies Institute and Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd. D6061, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. hwangjy@cshs.org
authors.forename: Jae Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wachsmann-Hogiu
authors.forename: V Krishnan
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ramanujan
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ljubimova
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Harry B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Lali K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Medina-Kauwe
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Farkas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055096:Optical Devices; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents