title: Anticonvulsant and depressant effects of aqueous extracts of Carum copticum seeds in male rats.
abstract: In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of Carum copticum seeds (CCS) were evaluated in kindling models of epilepsy. Additionally, the sedative and anxiolytic effects of the extract were assessed. For pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling, rats received a subconvulsant dose of PTZ (40 mg/kg, ip) every second day and seizure stages were recorded. CCS aqueous extract (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg, ip) was injected 30 minutes prior to each PTZ injection. In electrical kindling, bipolar stimulating and monopolar recording electrodes were implanted stereotaxically in the right basolateral amygdala of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After kindling, the effect of aqueous extracts of CCS (200, 400, or 600 mg/kg, ip) on afterdischarge duration, duration of rearing, forelimb clonus, and loss of equilibrium (stage 5 seizure), and latency to the onset of bilateral forelimb clonus were measured. The sedative and the anxiolytic effects of CCS extracts were evaluated in an open-field apparatus and elevated plus maze, respectively. The results indicate that aqueous extracts of CCS have a significant anticonvulsant effect. Different doses of extract significantly delayed the incidence of every seizure stage in the PTZ model of kindling. Moreover, CCS extract (400 and 600 mg/kg, ip) suppressed afterdischarge duration, latency to the onset of bilateral forelimb clonus, and stage 5 seizure in the electrical kindling model. These results suggest that CCS extract has remarkable antiepileptic and central depressant effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. erezvani@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohammad Ebrahim
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rezvani
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roohbakhsh
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mosaddegh
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esmailidehaj
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khaloobagheri
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029974:Carum; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000633:toxicity; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole