title: Repeated pre-exposure to tobacco smoke potentiates subsequent locomotor responses to nicotine and tobacco smoke but not amphetamine in adult rats.
abstract: These studies investigated if pre-exposure to tobacco smoke affects the locomotor response to tobacco smoke, nicotine, and amphetamine in adult rats. The rats were habituated to an open field for 3-4 days and then exposed to tobacco smoke for 2h/day for 13-14 days. The effect of exposure to tobacco smoke on locomotor activity was investigated after 1, 7, and 14 days of smoke exposure and after one 2-hour exposure session that followed a 3-week off period. The effects of tobacco smoke on the locomotor responses to nicotine (0.04 and 0.4 mg/kg, base) and amphetamine (0.1 and 0.5mg/kg) were investigated on day 14, one day after the last smoke exposure session. The locomotor response to tobacco smoke was increased after 7 and 14 days of smoke exposure and after one exposure session after the 3-week off-period. The acute administration of the high dose of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) led to a brief period of hypoactivity that was followed by a period of hyperactivity. Pre-exposure to tobacco smoke attenuated the nicotine-induced hypoactivity and potentiated the nicotine-induced hyperactivity. The low dose of nicotine (0.04 mg/kg) did not affect locomotor activity in the control rats but increased the total distance traveled in the tobacco smoke exposed rats. Exposure to tobacco smoke did not affect the locomotor response to amphetamine. These findings indicate that exposure to tobacco smoke leads to tolerance to the depressant effects of nicotine and potentiates the stimulant effects of nicotine and tobacco smoke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 100 S. Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Adrie W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeel
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodrick
authors.forename: Rajendra P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
authors.forename: Rayna M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bauzo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine; D000661:Amphetamine