title: Frequency of Alloicoccus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) in Iranian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presence of common bacterial agents of otitis media with effusion (OME), together with investigation these agent in the adenoid tissue and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria in Iranian children with OME.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture methods were used for detection and isolation of Alloicoccus otitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae in 63 middle ear fluid samples and 48 adenoid tissues from 48 OME patients. Fifteen patients were bilaterally affected. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all bacterial isolates were determined by disk agar diffusion (DAD) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacteria were isolated from 47% (n=30) of the middle ear fluid samples and 79% (n=38) of the adenoid tissue specimens in OME patients. A. otitidis was the most common bacterial isolated from the middle ear fluid 23.8% by culture and 36.5% by PCR method. S. pneumoniae was the most prevalent pathogen (35.5% and 31.2% by culture and PCR) in the adenoid tissues. In 10 patients the same organisms were isolated from the middle ear fluid and adenoid tissue. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed taht most isolates of bacteria were sensitive to ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate and fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study, being the first report on the isolation of A. otitidis by culture method in Iran and Asian countries, shows that A. otitidis is the most frequently isolated bacterium in Iranian children having otitis media with effusion. In this study A. otitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis are the major bacterial pathogens in patients with OME and we found that ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate have the excellent activity against bacterial agents in Iranian children with OME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Sajjad
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khoramrooz
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirsalehian
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emaneini
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jabalameli
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aligholi
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saedi
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazargani
authors.forename: Morovat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taherikalani
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borghaei
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Razmpa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045828:Moraxellaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000382:microbiology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification