title: Clinical significance of human telomerase RNA gene (hTERC) amplification in cervical squamous cell lesions detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genomic amplification of the human telomerase RNA gene (hTERC), located in the chromosome 3q26 region, has been documented in tumorigenesis. The present study was designed to detect hTERC amplification in cervical lesions and evaluate whether this might serve as a supportive biomarker to cytopathology or histopathology in the diagnosis of cervical lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liquid-based thin-layer cytopathologic examination and detection of amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was conducted in 130 women, along with assessment of human papillomavirus DNA, colposcopy with biopsy, and histopathologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cytopathologic examinations, hTERC amplification rates for negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM),atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases were 0% (0/10), 4% (1/25), 20% (6/30), 77% (27/35), and 100% (10/10), respectively. The difference among abnormal cellular change groups was statistically significant (P< 0.05). In histopathologic examinations, hTERC amplification rates in normal squamous cell with or without inflammatory, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN 1), CIN 2, CIN 3 and SCC cases were 3.8% (2/52), 18.2% (6/33), 66.7% (6/9), 84.6% (22/26), 100% (10/10), respectively. There were significant differences among CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 and SCC cases (P< 0.05). The hTERC amplification was more specific than HPV positivity in differentiating lowgrade from high-grade cervical disorders (specificity: 88.5% vs. 70.8%, P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FISH detection of hTERC amplification could be an effective adjunct to cytopathologic or histopathologic examination for differential diagnosis of low- and high-grade cervical squamous cell disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jia-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lu-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chi-shing
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.forename: Shao-Zhong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jian-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Kui
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics*; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral; C422952:telomerase RNA; D012313:RNA; D019098:Telomerase