title: Interleukin-6 and verbal memory in recurrent major depressive disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible association between peripheral levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) with immediate and delayed verbal recall in a group of recurrent depressed women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logical Memory Subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale - Revised was administered to 30 patients with recurrent major depressive disorder with no clinical and psychiatric comorbidities. Blood samples were collected from 8:00 am to 9:00 am, before memory assessments.Plasma was stored and ELISA assay was used to detect IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant association between IL-6 levels and immediate verbal recall (IVR) (B=-0.787, p=0.000) and delayed verbal recall (DVR) (B=-0.695, p=0.001) even after controlling for age, depression severity and body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that low performances in IVR and DVR are associated with higher IL-6 levels in women with recurrent MDD. The results of this study suggest the existence of an association between inflammatory imbalance and cognitive impairment in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. rodrigo.grassi@pucrs.br
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grassi-Oliveira
authors.forename: Moisés Evandro
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Júlio Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pezzi
authors.forename: Antonio Lucio
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brietzke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha