title: Anamnestic risk factor questionnaire as reliable diagnostic instrument for osteoporosis (reduced bone morphogenic density).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide, and is included in the WHO list of the top 10 major diseases. However, it is often undiagnosed until the first fracture occurs, due to inadequate patient education and lack of insurance coverage for screening tests. Anamnestic risk factors like positive family anamnesis or early menopause are assumed to correlate with reduced BMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study of 78 patients with metaphyseal long bone fractures, we searched for a correlation between anamnestic risk factors, bone specific laboratory values, and the bone morphogenic density (BMD). Each indicator was examined as a possible diagnostic instrument for osteoporosis. The secondary aim of this study was to demonstrate the high prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with metaphyseal fractures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  76.9% of our fracture patients had decreased bone density and 43.6% showed manifest osteoporosis in DXA (densitometry) measurements. Our questionnaire, identifying anamnestic risk factors, correlated highly significantly (p = 0.01) with reduced BMD, whereas seven bone-specific laboratory values (p = 0.046) correlated significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anamnestic risk factors correlate with pathological BMD. The medical questionnaire used in this study would therefore function as a cost-effective primary diagnostic instrument for identification of osteoporosis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department for Plastic-, Reconstructive and Handsurgery, Burn Care Centre, BG Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str,13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany. leilakolios@freenet.de
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kolios
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takur
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hitzler
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Gayk
authors.forename: Arnold J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Höner
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grützner
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wölfl
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008594:Menopause, Premature; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000191:economics