title: Minimal risk in research involving pregnant women and fetuses.
abstract: The concept of minimal risk plays a key role in federal regulations on the protection of human research subjects. Although there has been considerable discussion of the meaning of minimal risk, the question of how this concept should be interpreted in research involving pregnant women and fetuses has not been addressed. This essay reviews the literature on minimal risk and argues for an interpretation of that concept in the context of research involving pregnant women and fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Carson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strong
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D033042:Fetal Research / Q000941:ethics*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D017712:Peer Review, Research; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States