title: Determination of benzophenones in human placental tissue samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Benzophenones (BPs) are a family of compounds widely used to protect the skin and hair from UV irradiation. Despite human exposure to BPs through dermal application of products containing sunscreen agents and the increasing evidence that BPs are able to interfere with endocrine systems, few studies have examined the occurrence of BPs in humans. In this work, we propose a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine six BPs, namely, benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-2 (BP-2), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-6 (BP-6), benzophenone-8 (BP-8) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP) in human placental tissue samples. The method involves an extraction step of the analytes from the samples using ethyl acetate, followed by a clean-up step using centrifugation prior to their quantification by LC-MS/MS using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface in the positive mode. Benzophenone-d(10) (BP-d(10)) was used as surrogate. Found detection limits (LOD) ranged from 0.07 to 0.3 ng g(-1) and quantification limits (LOQ) from 0.3 to 1.0 ng g(-1), while inter- and intra-day variability was under 5%. The method was validated using standard addition calibration and a recovery assay. Recovery rates for spiked samples ranged from 98 to 104%. This method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of BPs in 16 placental tissue samples collected from women who live in Granada (Spain).
authors.affiliation: Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Fuentenueva, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vela-Soria
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Díaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gómez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zafra-Gómez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navalón
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vílchez
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; C047723:benzophenone