title: Effects of levobupivacaine versus bupivacaine infiltration on postoperative analgesia in pediatric tonsillectomy patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the effects of levobupivacaine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and saline injections in alleviating posttonsillectomy pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 2009 and April 2010, we recruited 60 patients (36 male and 24 female) between 2 and 12 years of age into the study. After informed consent was obtained from the parents, patients admitted for tonsillectomy were randomized into 3 groups by means of sealed envelopes. Group 1 (20 patients; mean age, 6.45+/-2.78 years) received 0.9% sodium chloride (saline solution), group 2 (20 patients; mean age, 5.60+/-2.70 years) received 0.25% levobupivacaine hydrochloride, and group 3 (20 patients; mean age, 5.85+/-2.43 years) received 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride infiltrated around each tonsil. Pain was evaluated with McGrath's face scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative pain scores at 1 and 5 hours were similar among the groups (p>0.05). The pain scores in the levobupivacaine group were lower than those in the saline group at 13 hours (p<0.017). The pain scores in the bupivacaine and levobupivacaine groups were significantly lower than those in the saline group from 17 to 21 hours until day 6 (p>0.017). There was no difference between the levobupivacaine and bupivacaine groups (p>0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local infiltration of levobupivacaine is a relatively safe and effective method and is equivalent to use of bupivacaine for posttonsillectomy pain.
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, Dörtçelik Children's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Süay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.forename: Omer Afşin
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ozmen
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kasapoglu
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014068:Tonsillectomy
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine