title: Biomimetic approach for root caries prevention using a proanthocyanidin-rich agent.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) on the in vitro demineralization of root dentine. Root fragments were obtained from sound human teeth. The fragments were randomly assigned to different treatments solutions: GSE, fluoride (F), GSE+F and distilled water (control). Samples were treated daily for 30 min and subjected to a pH cycling artificial caries protocol using demineralization cycles (2.2 mM CaCl(2)×H(2)O, 2.2 mM KH(2)PO(4), 50 mM acetic acid, pH 4.3) for 6 h and remineralization cycles (20 mM HEPES, 2.25 mM CaCl(2)×H(2)O, 1.35 mM KH(2)PO(4), 130 mM KCl, pH 7.0) for 17.5 h. Mineral loss (ΔZ) and lesion depth (LD) were determined after 18 days of treatment/pH cycling, by transverse microradiography. GSE was able to minimize ΔZ and LD compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). The GSE+F and F groups showed the lowest values of ΔZ and LD (p < 0.05), with no statistically significant differences between them (p = 0.554 and p = 0.726, respectively). A biomimetic approach to strengthen root dentine using GSE results in decreased rates of root demineralization and may be used in conjunction with F to prevent root caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612-7212, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bedran-Russo
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017213:Root Caries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D008903:Minerals; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D019342:Acetic Acid