title: Antegrade pampiniform plexus venography in recurrent varicocele: Case report and anatomy review.
abstract: Varicoceles are often treated with percutaneous embolization, using fibered coils and sclerosing agents, with the latter targeted at occlusion of pre-existing collateral veins. While various methods of surgical and embolization treatment are available, varicoceles may still recur from venous collateralization. We present a case, where following demonstration of complete occlusion of the right and left gonadal veins, direct puncture of the pampiniform venous plexus under ultrasound guidance revealed recurrent varicoceles supplied by anastomoses from the ipsilateral saphenous and femoral veins to the pampiniform plexus. In doing so, we describe a technique of percutaneous pampiniform venography in a case where the pertinent anatomy was not easily demonstrated by other methods.
authors.affiliation: Vyacheslav Gendel, Ihab Haddadin, John L Nosher, Department of Radiology, UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Vyacheslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gendel
authors.forename: Ihab
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haddadin
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nosher