title: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty leads to significant biomechanical changes in the remaining rotator cuff.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) external and internal rotation will often remain restricted. A postoperative alteration of the biomechanics in the remaining cuff is discussed as a contributing factor to these functional deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, muscle moment arms as well as origin-to-insertion distance (OID) were calculated using three-dimensional models of the shoulder derived from CT scans of seven cadaveric specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moment arms for humeral rotation are significantly smaller for the cranial segments of SSC and all segments of TMIN in abduction angles of 30 degrees and above (p ≤ 0.05). Abduction moment arms were significantly decreased for all segments (p ≤ 0.002). OID was significantly smaller for all muscles at the 15 degree position (p ≤ 0.005), apart from the cranial SSC segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced rotational moment arms in conjunction with the decrease of OID may be a possible explanation for the clinically observed impaired external and internal rotation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Musculosceletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. sebastian.herrmann@charite.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perka
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greiner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed