title: Prediction of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the predictive value of neurophysiological measures for the long-term course of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate whether combined visual (VEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) allow prediction of disability over 14 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS were prospectively investigated with VEPs, MEPs and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at entry (T0) and after 6, 12 and 24 months, and with cranial MRI scans at entry (T2-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images). EDSS was again assessed at year 14 (T4). The association between evoked potential (EP), magnetic resonance (MR) data and EDSS was measured using Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariable linear regression was performed to predict EDSS(T4) as a function of z-transformed EP-latencies(T0). The model was validated using a jack-knife procedure and the potential for improving it by inclusion of additional baseline variables was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EDSS values(T4) correlated with the sum of z-transformed EP-latencies(T0) (rho = 0.68, p < 0.0001), but not with MR-parameters(T0). EDSS(T4) as predicted by the formula EDSS(T4) = 4.194 + 0.088 * z-score P100(T0) + 0.071 * z-score CMCT(UE, T0) correlated with the observed values (rho = 0.69, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined EPs allow prediction of long-term disability in small groups of patients with MS. This may have implications for the choice of monitoring methods in clinical trials and for daily practice decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlaeger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grize
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dellas
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Radue
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuhr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis