title: Recent changes in nasopharyngeal flora of children in Japan.
abstract: We investigated the relationship between nasopharyngeal flora of pediatric patients and antibiotic consumption in a local community in Japan between 2000 and 2009 retrospectively. There was a clear relationship between the lower annual consumption rate of cephalosporins and the lower annual prevalence of non-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). High prevalence of BLNAR (β-lactamase nonproducing ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae) has been one of the bacteriological features of Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan. thayashi@asahikawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.forename: Kenzo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumai
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Harabuchi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents