title: A duck enteritis virus-vectored bivalent live vaccine provides fast and complete protection against H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in ducks.
abstract: Ducks play an important role in the maintenance of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in nature, and the successful control of AIVs in ducks has important implications for the eradication of the disease in poultry and its prevention in humans. The inactivated influenza vaccine is expensive, labor-intensive, and usually needs 2 to 3 weeks to induce protective immunity in ducks. Live attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV; a herpesvirus) vaccine is used routinely to control lethal DEV infections in many duck-producing areas. Here, we first established a system to generate the DEV vaccine strain by using the transfection of overlapping fosmid DNAs. Using this system, we constructed two recombinant viruses, rDEV-ul41HA and rDEV-us78HA, in which the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the H5N1 virus A/duck/Anhui/1/06 was inserted and stably maintained within the ul41 gene or between the us7 and us8 genes of the DEV genome. Duck studies indicated that rDEV-us78HA had protective efficacy similar to that of the live DEV vaccine against lethal DEV challenge; importantly, a single dose of 10(6) PFU of rDEV-us78HA induced complete protection against a lethal H5N1 virus challenge in as little as 3 days postvaccination. The protective efficacy against both lethal DEV and H5N1 challenge provided by rDEV-ul41HA inoculation in ducks was slightly weaker than that provided by rDEV-us78HA. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that recombinant DEV is suitable for use as a bivalent live attenuated vaccine, providing rapid protection against both DEV and H5N1 virus infection in ducks.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pucheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xianying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Guobin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Jinying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaoka
authors.forename: Zhigao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Hualan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004372:Ducks; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D025922:Mardivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C109963:hemagglutinin, avian influenza A virus