title: Mechanical loading: bone remodeling and cartilage maintenance.
abstract: Bone remodeling and cartilage maintenance are strongly influenced by biomechanical signals generated by mechanical loading. Although moderate loading is required to maintain bone mass and cartilage homeostasis, loading can cause deleterious effects such as bone fracture and cartilage degradation. Because a tight coupling exists between cartilage and bone, alterations in one tissue can affect the other. Bone marrow lesions are often associated with an increased risk of developing cartilage defects, and changes in the articular cartilage integrity are linked to remodeling responses in the underlying bone. Although mechanisms regulating the maintenance of these two tissues are different, compelling evidence indicates that the signal pathways crosstalk, particularly with the Wnt pathway. A better understanding of the complex tempero-spatial interplay between bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration will help develop a therapeutic loading strategy that prevents bone loss and cartilage degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Hui B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051153:Wnt Proteins