title: Engineering of vascularized adipose constructs.
abstract: Adipose tissue engineering offers a promising alternative to the current surgical techniques for the treatment of soft tissue defects. It is a challenge to find the appropriate scaffold that not only represents a suitable environment for cells but also allows fabrication of customized tissue constructs, particularly in breast surgery. We investigated two different scaffolds for their potential use in adipose tissue regeneration. Sponge-like polyurethane scaffolds were prepared by mold casting with methylal as foaming agent, whereas polycaprolactone scaffolds with highly regular stacked-fiber architecture were fabricated with fused deposition modeling. Both scaffold types were seeded with human adipose tissue-derived precursor cells, cultured and implanted in nude mice using a femoral arteriovenous flow-through vessel loop for angiogenesis. In vitro, cells attached to both scaffolds and differentiated into adipocytes. In vivo, angiogenesis and adipose tissue formation were observed throughout both constructs after 2 and 4 weeks, with angiogenesis being comparable in seeded and unseeded constructs. Fibrous tissue formation and adipogenesis were more pronounced on polyurethane foam scaffolds than on polycaprolactone prototyped scaffolds. In conclusion, both scaffold designs can be effectively used for adipose tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department for Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wiggenhauser
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Ferry P W
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Melchels
authors.forename: José T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Egaña
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Storck
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leuthner
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skodacek
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hopfner
authors.forename: Hans G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Machens
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Staudenmaier
authors.forename: Jan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Schantz
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011091:Polyesters / Q000494:pharmacology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011140:Polyurethanes; C016240:polycaprolactone