title: Latent variable model for suicide risk in relation to social capital and socio-economic status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little evidence on the association between suicide outcomes (ideation, attempts, self-harm) and social capital. This paper investigates such associations using a structural equation model based on health survey data, and allowing for both individual and contextual risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Social capital and other major risk factors for suicide, namely socioeconomic status and social isolation, are modelled as latent variables that are proxied (or measured) by observed indicators or question responses for survey subjects. These latent scales predict suicide risk in the structural component of the model. Also relevant to explaining suicide risk are contextual variables, such as area deprivation and region of residence, as well as the subject's demographic status. The analysis is based on the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey and includes 7,403 English subjects. A Bayesian modelling strategy is used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Models with and without social capital as a predictor of suicide risk are applied. A benefit to statistical fit is demonstrated when social capital is added as a predictor. Social capital varies significantly by geographic context variables (neighbourhood deprivation, region), and this impacts on the direct effects of these contextual variables on suicide risk. In particular, area deprivation is not confirmed as a distinct significant influence. The model develops a suicidality risk score incorporating social capital, and the success of this risk score in predicting actual suicide events is demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social capital as reflected in neighbourhood perceptions is a significant factor affecting risks of different types of self-harm and may mediate the effects of other contextual variables such as area deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Statistics and Department of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. p.congdon@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Congdon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012934:Social Isolation; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult; D000092864:Suicide Prevention