title: Analysis of variance in neuroreceptor ligand imaging studies.
abstract: Radioligand positron emission tomography (PET) with dual scan paradigms can provide valuable insight into changes in synaptic neurotransmitter concentration due to experimental manipulation. The residual t-test has been utilized to improve the sensitivity of the t-test in PET studies. However, no further development of statistical tests using residuals has been proposed so far to be applied in cases when there are more than two conditions. Here, we propose the residual f-test, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and examine its feasibility using simulated [(11)C]raclopride PET data. We also re-visit data from our previously published [(11)C]raclopride PET study, in which 10 individuals underwent three PET scans under different conditions. We found that the residual f-test is superior in terms of sensitivity than the conventional f-test while still controlling for type 1 error. The test will therefore allow us to reliably test hypotheses in the smaller sample sizes often used in explorative PET studies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. jihyun.ko@camhpet.ca
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Anthonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reilhac
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rusjan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellecchia
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houle
authors.forename: Antonio P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Strafella
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020891:Raclopride / Q000378:metabolism*; D011869:Radioligand Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D020891:Raclopride