title: A metabolic profiling analysis of symptomatic gout in human serum and urine using high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uric acid (UA) is the only biomedical indicator for gout in clinic that always leads to an uncertain diagnose. Due to the lack of reliable metabolites, it is now already highly desirable to diagnose gout definitely.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabonomics was employed to screen and identify novel biomarkers of gout based on human serum and urine. High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and orthogonal signal correction partial least squares discriminate analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) were also used for metabonomics study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several potential biomarkers including uric acid, creatinine, tryptophan in serum and uric acid, creatinine, guanosine, hippuric acid in urine, were respectively screened and identified. For serum and urine, the predictive levels about the OSC-PLS-DA models of the gout and controls were 95.76% and 100%, and the correction levels about the seriousness of the disease were 90.32% and 87.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with intermittent gout, the acute gout shows clearly the dysfunctions of purine, protein and glucose metabolism. The metabolizing of guanosine to UA increases the levels of UA in serum at the acute stage. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the metabolic mechanism and allowing the targeted therapy of gout at different stages.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Duolong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers