title: Quid pro quo: tobacco companies and the black press.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the relationship between tobacco companies and the Black press, which plays an important role in conveying information and opinions to Black communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this archival case study, we analyzed data from internal tobacco industry documents and archives of the National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), the trade association of the Black press.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In exchange for advertising dollars and other support, the tobacco industry expected and received support from Black newspapers for tobacco industry policy positions. Beginning in the 1990s, resistance from within the Black community and reduced advertising budgets created counterpressures. The tobacco industry, however, continued to sustain NNPA support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quid pro quo between tobacco companies and the Black press violated journalistic standards and represented an unequal trade. Although numerous factors explain today's tobacco-related health disparities, the Black press's service to tobacco companies is problematic because of the trust that the community placed in such media. Understanding the relationship between the tobacco industry and the NNPA provides insight into strategies that the tobacco industry may use in other communities and countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Phyra M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCandless
authors.forename: Valerie B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Yerger
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Malone
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics*; D001741:Black or African American; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics* / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D009524:Newspapers as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology*; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics*