title: Phospholipidomic identification of potential plasma biomarkers associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its attendant complications, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), impose a significant societal and economic burden. The investigation of discovering potential biomarkers for T2DM and DN will facilitate the prediction and prevention of diabetes. Phospholipids (PLs) and their metabolisms are closely allied to nosogenesis and aggravation of T2DM and DN. The aim of this study is to characterize the human plasma phospholipids in T2DM and DN to identify potential biomarkers of T2DM and DN. Normal phase liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (NPLC-TOF/MS) was applied to the plasma phospholipids metabolic profiling of T2DM and DN. The plasma samples from control (n=30), T2DM subjects (n=30), and DN subjects (n=52) were collected and analyzed. The significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed between healthy control group and DM group as well as between control group and DN group by the help of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were successfully used to screen out potential biomarkers from complex mass spectrometry data. The identification of molecular components of potential biomarkers was performed on Ion trap-MS/MS. An external standard method was applied to quantitative analysis of potential biomarkers. As a result, 18 compounds in 7 PL classes with significant regulation in patients compared with healthy controls were regarded as potential biomarkers for T2DM or DN. Among them, 3 DM-specific biomarkers, 8 DN-specific biomarkers and 7 common biomarkers to DM and DN were identified. Ultimately, 2 novel biomarkers, i.e., PI C18:0/22:6 and SM dC18:0/20:2, can be used to discriminate healthy individuals, T2DM cases and DN cases from each other group.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qiong-lin
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yi-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-an
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010743:Phospholipids