title: Increased calcification and protein nitration in arteries of chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has peculiar characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze atherosclerosis, vascular calcification and nitration in arteries from CKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  External iliac and renal artery segments from 27 stage 5 CKD patients and 25 donor controls, respectively, were collected during the transplantation procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CKD patients presented a significantly higher degree of lesion. In a large proportion (72%) of CKD patients, we observed vascular calcifications. Immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine revealed a significant increase in nitrotyrosine production in arteries from CKD patients compared with control donors. In addition, within CKD patients, nitrotyrosine staining was significantly stronger in arteries with media calcification when compared with arteries without media calcification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The arteriopathy in the CKD patients appears in an early age and seems to be distinct from the arteriopathy of the general population, especially due to intense calcification and vascular oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gisah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guilgen
authors.forename: Marília Lacerda
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Werneck
authors.forename: Lúcia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Noronha
authors.forename: Ana Paula Camargo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: Lia Sumie
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pecoits-Filho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine