title: Epigenetic characterization of the PBEF and TIMP-2 genes in the developing placentae of normal mice.
abstract: Reprogramming errors, which appear frequently in cloned animals, are reflected by aberrant gene expression. We previously reported the aberrant expression of TIMP-2 and PBEF in cloned placenta and differential expression of PBEF genes during pregnancy. To examine the epigenetic modifications that regulate dynamic gene expression in developing placentae, we herein analyzed the mRNA and protein expression levels of PBEF and TIMP-2 in the placentae of normal mice during pregnancy and then examined potential correlations with epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation pattern analysis revealed no difference, but ChIP assays using antibodies against H3-K9/K14 and H4-K5 histone acetylation revealed that the H3-K9/K14 acetylation levels, but not the H4-K5 acetylation levels, of the TIMP-2 and PBEF loci were significantly correlated with their gene expression levels during placentation in normal mice. These results suggest that epigenetic changes may regulate gene expression level in the developing placentae of normal mice and that inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming might be one cause of the abnormal placentae seen in cloned animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pig, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, Korea
authors.forename: Hong-Rye
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Rong-Xun
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yun-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Chang-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D010929:Placentation / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C495867:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, mouse