title: Vitreous inflammatory factors and serous macular detachment in branch retinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and pigment epithelium-derived factor are associated with serous retinal detachment (SRD) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 44 branch retinal vein occlusion patients with macular edema and 16 controls. Patients were divided into 2 groups by optical coherence tomography findings, that is, 18 patients with SRD and 26 with cystoid macular edema. The area of capillary nonperfusion was measured with fluorescein angiography and Scion Image software. Vitreous fluid samples obtained during pars plana vitrectomy were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of major branch retinal vein occlusion was significantly higher in SRD patients (17/18, 94%) than in cystoid macular edema patients (15/26, 58%, P = 0.007), while the nonperfused retinal area was significantly larger in SRD patients (P = 0.006). Vitreous fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) showed a significant increase across the 3 groups (control group, cystoid macular edema group, and SRD group) (P trend < 0.001 and P trend < 0.001, respectively), while the pigment epithelium-derived factor level showed a significant decrease across the 3 groups (P trend < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An excessive increase of vascular permeability secondary to upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) along with downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor may contribute to the development of SRD in BRVO patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Owada-shinden, Yachiyo, Chiba, Japan. nomahide@tymc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatsugawa
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000378:metabolism*; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor