title: Post-training intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine block sevoflurane-induced impairment of memory consolidation and activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein expression inhibition in rat hippocampus.
abstract: Considerable evidence indicates that the noradrenergic system of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) participates in the consolidation of various types of emotionally arousing memories. We previously reported that administration of an anesthetic-dose of sevoflurane immediately after continuous multiple-trail inhibition avoidance (CMIA) training impaired memory consolidation. This experiment investigated whether posttraining noradrenergic activation of the BLA is sufficient to reverse the memory impairing effect of sevoflurane. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral injections of norepinephrine (NE 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 μg/0.5 μl) or normal saline (NS 0.5 μl) immediately after training in a CMIA paradigm. Subsequently, the rats were exposed to sevoflurane (2% inspired) or air for 2h. Norepinephrine produced a dose-dependent enhancement of memory consolidation on a 24-h retention test. The highest dose of NE tested (3.0 μg/0.5 μl) blocked sevoflurane-induced impairment of memory consolidation and reversed the inhibitory effect of sevoflurane on activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc) expression in the hippocampus 2h after training. These findings provide evidence that the mechanism mediating the memory-impairing effect of sevoflurane involves a network interaction between the BLA noradrenergic system and modulation of Arc protein expression in the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qing-Wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Qing-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Bu-Wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D009638:Norepinephrine