title: Mini-implant insertion based on tooth crown references: a guide-free technique.
abstract: Mini-implant insertion requires accurate surgical technique. This study shows an insertion technique using only tooth crown references; its scientific basis is evaluated radiographically. The sample consisted of 213 inter-radicular septa, evaluated in 53 bitewing radiographs. The proximal contour of adjacent tooth crowns was used to define septum width. The midpoint of the septum width was linked to the interdental contact point to determine septum midline. The distances from septum midline to mesial and distal teeth were measured to evaluate the septum midline centralization degree in two different septum heights. The difference between mesial and distal distances represented the septum midline deviation degree. The mesial and distal distances were compared by t-tests, and the septum midline deviation was correlated with septum height using Pearson's correlation test. The mesial and distal distances were not statistically different in the midpoint of the septum height, but they were different at the apical septum height. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.45) between septum midline deviation and septum height. The tooth crown references evaluated on interproximal radiographs determine a high centralization degree of the septum midline on which the insertion site could be defined. The greater centralization degree was observed at the coronal septum area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Estelita
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiqueto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garib
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D015921:Dental Implants