title: Validation of GPUMCD for low-energy brachytherapy seed dosimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate GPUMCD, a new package for fast Monte Carlo dose calculations based on the GPU (graphics processing unit), as a tool for low-energy single seed brachytherapy dosimetry for specific seed models. As the currently accepted method of dose calculation in low-energy brachytherapy computations relies on severe approximations, a Monte Carlo based approach would result in more accurate dose calculations, taking in to consideration the patient anatomy as well as interseed attenuation. The first step is to evaluate the capability of GPUMCD to reproduce low-energy, single source, brachytherapy calculations which could ultimately result in fast and accurate, Monte Carlo based, brachytherapy dose calculations for routine planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mixed geometry engine was integrated to GPUMCD capable of handling parametric as well as voxelized geometries. In order to evaluate GPUMCD for brachytherapy calculations, several dosimetry parameters were computed and compared to values found in the literature. These parameters, defined by the AAPM Task-Group No. 43, are the radial dose function, the 2D anisotropy function, and the dose rate constant. These three parameters were computed for two different brachytherapy sources: the Amersham OncoSeed 6711 and the Imagyn IsoStar IS-12501.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GPUMCD was shown to yield dosimetric parameters similar to those found in the literature. It reproduces radial dose functions to within 1.25% for both sources in the 0.5< r <10 cm range. The 2D anisotropy function was found to be within 3% at r =5 cm and within 4% at r = 1 cm. The dose rate constants obtained were within the range of other values reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPUMCD was shown to be able to reproduce various TG-43 parameters for two different low-energy brachytherapy sources found in the literature. The next step is to test GPUMCD as a fast clinical Monte Carlo brachytherapy dose calculations with multiple seeds and patient geometry, potentially providing more accurate results than the TG-43 formalism while being much faster than calculations using general purpose Monte Carlo codes.
authors.affiliation: Ecole polytechnique de Montreal, Dipartement de ginie informatique et ginie logiciel, 2500 chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4 Canada. sami.hissoiny@polymtl.ca
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hissoiny
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozell
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Carrier
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D012986:Software Validation