title: Personality Profiles Identify Depressive Symptoms over Ten Years? A Population-Based Study.
abstract: Little is known about the relationship between temperament and character inventory (TCI) profiles and depressive symptoms. Personality profiles are useful, because personality traits may have different effects on depressive symptoms when combined with different combinations of other traits. Participants were from the population-based Young Finns study with repeated measurements in 1997, 2001, and 2007 (n = 1402 to 1902). TCI was administered in 1997 and mild depressive symptoms (modified Beck's depression inventory, BDI) were reported in 1997, 2001, and 2007. BDI-II was also administered in 2007. We found that high harm avoidance and low self-directedness related strongly to depressive symptoms. In addition, sensitive (NHR) and fanatical people (ScT) were especially vulnerable to depressive symptoms. high novelty seeking and reward dependence increased depressive symptoms when harm avoidance was high. These associations were very similar in cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Personality profiles help in understanding the complex associations between depressive symptoms and personality.
authors.affiliation: IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merjonen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulkki-Råback
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keltikangas-Järvinen