title: Comparative analysis of EspF variants in inhibition of Escherichia coli phagocytosis by macrophages and inhibition of E. coli translocation through human- and bovine-derived M cells.
abstract: The EspF protein is secreted by the type III secretion system of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC, respectively). EspF sequences differ between EHEC O157:H7, EHEC O26:H11, and EPEC O127:H6 in terms of the number of SH3-binding polyproline-rich repeats and specific residues in these regions, as well as residues in the amino domain involved in cellular localization. EspF(O127) is important for the inhibition of phagocytosis by EPEC and also limits EPEC translocation through antigen-sampling cells (M cells). EspF(O127) has been shown to have effects on cellular organelle function and interacts with several host proteins, including N-WASP and sorting nexin 9 (SNX9). In this study, we compared the capacities of different espF alleles to inhibit (i) bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages, (ii) translocation through an M-cell coculture system, and (iii) uptake by and translocation through cultured bovine epithelial cells. The espF gene from E. coli serotype O157 (espF(O157)) allele was significantly less effective at inhibiting phagocytosis and also had reduced capacity to inhibit E. coli translocation through a human-derived in vitro M-cell coculture system in comparison to espF(O127) and espF(O26). In contrast, espF(O157) was the most effective allele at restricting bacterial uptake into and translocation through primary epithelial cells cultured from the bovine terminal rectum, the predominant colonization site of EHEC O157 in cattle and a site containing M-like cells. Although LUMIER binding assays demonstrated differences in the interactions of the EspF variants with SNX9 and N-WASP, we propose that other, as-yet-uncharacterized interactions contribute to the host-based variation in EspF activity demonstrated here.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunity and Infection, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tahoun
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siszler
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McAteer
authors.forename: Jai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tree
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paxton
authors.forename: Trudi L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinez-Argudo
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koegl
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gally
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C489109:EspFU protein, E coli; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007612:Kanamycin