title: Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory biomarkers by ethyl acetate fraction of Patrinia scabiosaefolia through suppression of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PS) has been used for curing various types of inflammatory-related disorders. However, the precise mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of PS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of several fractions isolated from the PS in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of PS (EAPS) concentration highly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 productions without a cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells. EAPS inhibited the expressions of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and their mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, EAPS suppressed the level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, which was linked with the suppression of LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 at serine 276 and p65 translocation into nuclei, but not MAPK signaling. In addition, treatment with EAPS inhibited the production of TNF-α in LPS-injected mice and suppressed the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated splenocytes from BALB/c mice. Therefore, we demonstrate here that Patrinia scabiosaefolia potentially inhibits the biomarkers related to inflammation through the blocking of NF-κB p65 activation, and it may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Oriental Medicine and Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chulwon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Moo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dongwoo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hyeung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Sung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bum Sang
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Kyoo Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Seung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Kwang Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032405:Patrinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C498144:Rela protein, mouse; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C007650:ethyl acetate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases