title: Malignancies occurring during therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and other hematologic malignancies.
abstract: Success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has given patients hope for a long disease-free-survival. A longer survival raises the question of late effects, including development of another malignancy. Records of 1445 patients with CML/myeloproliferative neoplasm or other hematologic malignancies treated with TKIs were reviewed to investigate frequency and characteristics of second malignancies (other than acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome). The number of second cancers was compared with the number expected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. After a median follow-up of 107 months (range, 13-362 months) after CML/myeloproliferative neoplasm diagnosis, 66 patients (4.6%) developed 80 second cancers, including skin (31%), prostate (15%), melanoma (13%), digestive system (10%), kidney (4%), thyroid (4%), breast (3%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (3%), hepatobiliary (3%), and other cancers (14%). Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers, 55 second cancers were seen in 51 (3.5%) of all patients treated. The risk of second cancer was lower than expected (observed-to-expected ratio, 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.81). Second cancers occur in a small percentage of patients receiving therapy with TKIs for hematologic malignancies, mostly CML. No evidence at the moment suggests that exposure to TKIs increases the risk of developing second cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Dushyant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Hagop
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
authors.forename: Sara S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintas-Cardama
authors.forename: Srdan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verstovsek
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ravandi
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases