title: Phosphorus removal by apatite in horizontal flow constructed wetlands for small communities: pilot and full-scale evidence.
abstract: Phosphorus (P) removals in constructed wetlands (CWs) have received particular attention in recent decades by using specific materials which promote adsorption/precipitation mechanisms. Recent studies have shown interest in using apatite materials to promote P precipitation onto the particle surface. As previous trials were mainly done by lab experiments, this present study aims to evaluate the real potential of apatites to remove P from wastewater in pilot units and a full-scale plant over a 2 year period. P retention kinetics of two qualities of apatites are presented and discussed. In this work apatite appears to have high retention capacity (>80% of P removal) and is still an interesting way for P removal in CWs for limiting the risk of eutrophication downstream of small communities. Nevertheless, the apatite quality appears to be of great importance for a reliable and long term P removal. The use of materials with low content of apatite mineral (40-50%) seems to be not economically relevant.
authors.affiliation: Cemagref, Water Quality and Pollution Control Research Unit, 3bis, Quai Chauveau, CP 220, 69336-LYON Cedex 09, France. najatte.harouiya@cemagref.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harouiya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin Rue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prost-Boucle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liénar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molle
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus