title: Telerehabilitation using virtual reality task can improve balance in patients with stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the telerehabilitation is a continuation of the rehabilitation process on patients' home. The study also compares the balance training in clinical environment with the telerehabilitation approach when the physiotherapists and physicians can follow the progress remotely.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, the preliminary study of the pilot project with virtual reality (VR)-based tasks for dynamic standing frame supported balance training is presented. Six patients with stroke participated in the study. The patients performed the balance training 3 weeks, 2 weeks in the clinical settings and 1 week in the home environment, five times a week, and each time for up to 20 minutes. Objective effectiveness was demonstrated by parameters as track time, number of collisions and the clinical instruments Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go (TUG), 10-m walk test and standing on the unaffected and affected extremity. The outcomes were compared to the balance training group without VR and telerehabilitation support. A 2-way ANOVA was used to explore the differences between the both stroke groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients who were subject to VR supported balance training, the BBS demonstrated improvement for 15%, the TUG for 29%, the 10-m walk for 26%, stance time on the affected and unaffected extremity for 200 and 67%, respectively. The follow-up demonstrated that the patients preserved the gained functional improvement. The VR task performance time and number of collisions decreased to 45 and 68%, respectively. Besides, no statistical differences were found between the telerehabilitation approach with VR supported balance training and conventional balance training in clinical settings either regarding the overall mean level or regarding the mean improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The telerehabilitation approach in VR supported balance training improved balance in stroke patients and had similar effect on patients' postural functional improvement as conventional balance training in clinical settings. However, when balance training is continued on patient's home instead of the hospital, it would eventually decrease the number of outpatients' visits, reduce related costs and enable treatment of larger number of patients.
authors.affiliation: University Rehabilitation Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. imre.cikajlo@ir-rs.si
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cikajlo
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudolf
authors.forename: Nika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goljar
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Zlatko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Matjačić
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface