title: [Differentiation of epithelial cell types by cell diameter].
abstract: Genital swabs play an important role in cases of alleged sexual assault. The aim of our study was to see if epithelial cells from the vagina, glans penis, or mouth could be distinguished on the basis of size. Vaginal swabs were taken from 12 women in different phases of their menstrual cycles; penile swabs were taken from 5 men, and mouth swabs were taken from 6 men and 6 women. For each swab, a sample was smeared across a microscope slide and allowed to dry. The dried epithelial samples were then viewed without any further processing with a "SteReoLumar.V12" stereo microscope. The microscope slide surfaces were divided into grids and all single epithelial cells whose contours could be clearly distinguished were photographed. The maximum diameter for each photographed cell was digitally determined using the Axiovision software. In total, 995 vaginal epithelial cells, 211 penile epithelial cells, 329 male oral epithelial cells, and 525 female oral epithelial cells were measured. Menstrual cycle phase did not affect vaginal epithelial cell diameter. The mean vaginal epithelial cell diameter was 63.95 microm (min. = 28.08 microm, max. = 108.06 microm, s = 11.50 microm). The mean penile epithelial cell diameter was 39.24 microm (min. = 28.38 microm, max. = 51.02 microm, s = 4.84 microm). The diameter of oral epithelial cells hardly differed for both sexes, although the female cells were, on the whole, slightly larger. On the basis of these results, it is not possible to conclude that epithelial cells of less than a certain diameter found in the assessment of a vaginal swab must be of penile origin. It is also not possible to usefully distinguish vaginal epithelial cells from male or female oral epithelial cells on the basis of the diameter. However, finding epithelial cells with a diameter distinctly greater than 50 microm in a penile swab sample suggests the presence of vaginal or oral epithelial cells. Epithelial cells examined with the presented method can be used without restrictions for further examinations, such as single-cell DNA analysis after single-cell picking with the micromanipulator developed by Aura Optik (Jena).
authors.affiliation: Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universität Giessen.
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Christoph G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Birngruber
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramsthaler
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brück
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Verhoff
mesh_terms: D048429:Cell Size; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology*; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D010413:Penis / Q000166:cytology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014621:Vagina / Q000166:cytology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears