title: In vivo host interactions with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide: inflammatory molecular signaling assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)] are promising biomaterials for stimulating dentinogenesis and cementogenesis. This research was undertaken to understand how MTA and CA(OH)(2) participate in the inflammatory, healing, and biomineralization processes. In this part of the study, we evaluated inflammatory signaling molecules promoted by in vivo host interaction with MTA and Ca(OH)(2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human dentin tubes were filled with ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK), Ca(OH)(2), or kept empty. After 12 hours and 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of implantation in subcutaneous tissues in the backs of mice, the tubes and surrounding tissues were retrieved for cytokine level quantification and histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTA and Ca(OH)(2) induced proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation for up to 3 days. Moreover, interleukin-10 overexpression was noted on the tissue in contact with the biomaterials during the acute phase of the inflammatory reaction. Immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased expression of myeloperoxidase, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase enzymes, and vascular endothelial growth factor on day 1 for all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA and Ca(OH)(2) increased the activation of the NF-κB signaling system on day 1 for all groups. This finding can be associated with a proinflammatory and pro-wound healing environment, which was promoted earlier by MTA.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Dentistry Program of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. jessreyesc@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jessie F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Reyes-Carmona
authors.forename: Adair R S
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Claudia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Mara S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Felippe
authors.forename: Wilson T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Felippe
authors.forename: Mabel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010087:Oxides; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017640:Silicates; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide