title: Ultrasonography of the rumen in 30 Saanen goats.
abstract: This study describes the results of ultrasonographic examination of the rumen in 30 healthy Saanen goats. A linear or convex transducer with a variable frequency of 5 to 13 MHz was used to scan standing, non-sedated goats. The location and size of the rumen, the distance between the wall of the rumen and abdominal wall and the appearance and size of the gas, fibre mat and fluid layers of the ruminal contents were assessed. The rumen was seen as a large organ medial to the left abdominal wall. The wall of the rumen appeared as a thick echogenic line. The longitudinal groove was seen as an echogenic notch, which divided the rumen into the dorsal and ventral sacs. The rumen could be visualized from the 9th to 12th intercostal space (ICS) and flank on the left side in all the goats. The rumen was largest in the 12th ICS at 41.6 ± 5.13 cm and smallest in the 8th ICS at 11.3 ± 4.29 cm. The dorsal sac of the rumen was largest in the left cranial flank (17.4 ± 4.43 cm) and the ventral sac was largest in the 12th ICS on the left (29.1 ± 6.03 cm). In the cranial left flank, the rumen was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall in all the goats. The spleen was located between the rumen and abdominal wall in the 8th to 12 th ICS in many of the goats. The gas, fibre mat and fluid layers of the ruminal contents could be visualized in all the goats. The gas layer was 9.9 ± 3.05 cm, the fibre mat layer 16.0 ± 4.55 cm and the fluid layer 12.2 ± 5.57 cm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich, Zurich. ubraun@vetclinics.uzh.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacquat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hässig
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D006041:Goats / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography