title: Decreased accommodation during decompensation of distance exotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disparity cues can be a major drive to accommodation via the convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C) linkage, but, on decompensation of exotropia, disparity cues are extinguished by suppression so this drive is lost. This study investigated accommodation and vergence responses to disparity, blur and proximal cues in a group of distance exotropes aged between 4 and 11 years both during decompensation and when exotropic.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 participants with distance exotropia were tested using a PlusoptiXSO4 photo refractor set in a remote haploscopic device that assessed simultaneous vergence and accommodation to a range of targets incorporating different combinations of blur, disparity and proximal cues at four fixation distances between 2 m and 33 cm. Responses on decompensation were compared with those from the same children when their deviation was controlled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manifest exotropia was more common in the more impoverished cue conditions. When decompensated for near, mean accommodation gain for the all-cue (naturalistic) target was significantly reduced (p<0.0001), with resultant mean under-accommodation of 2.33 D at 33 cm. The profile of near cues usage changed after decompensation, with blur and proximity driving residual responses, but these remaining cues did not compensate for loss of accommodation caused by the removal of disparity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accommodation often reduces on decompensation of distance exotropia as the drive from convergence is extinguished, providing a further reason to try to prevent decompensation for near.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AL, UK. a.m.horwood@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Horwood
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Riddell
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D003463:Cues; D004215:Distance Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005099:Exotropia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015357:Vision Disparity; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*