title: Intrauterine contraceptive device migration to the lower urinary tract: report of 2 cases.
abstract: Several instances of migration of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) into the bladder have been reported. Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography enables excellent visualization of the sites of migrated IUDs. Herein are reported 2 cases of IUDs that migrated to the lower urinary tract. In the first case, the IUD migrated to the bladder. The site of the migrated IUD was accurately determined using 3-dimensional ultrasound. In the second case, the IUD migrated through the bladder to the opening of the urethra. Both cases were managed endoscopically, with excellent outcome. Three-dimensional ultrasound is an alternative method for localization of the site of a migrated IUD. We present the first case of an IUD migrating through the bladder to the opening of the urethra. Endoscopic retrieval is feasible and safe in cases with an intravesically migrated IUD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Yi-Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tsia-Shu
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058736:Intrauterine Device Migration; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*