title: Cognitive impairments in patients with low grade gliomas and high grade gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship between brain tumors and cognitive deficits is well established in the literature. However, studies investigating the cognitive status in low and high-grade gliomas patients are scarce, particularly in patients with average or lower educational level. This study aimed at investigating the cognitive functioning in a sample of patients with low and high-grade gliomas before surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The low-grade (G1, n=19) and high-grade glioma (G2, n=8) patients underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment of memory, executive functions, visuo-perceptive and visuo-spatial abilities, intellectual level and language.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant impairment on verbal and visual episodic memory, executive functions including mental flexibility, nominal and categorical verbal fluency and speed of information processing in G2. G1 showed only specific deficits on verbal and visual memory recall, mental flexibility and processing speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated different levels of impairments in the executive and memory domains in patients with low and high grade gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo SP, Brazil. ecmiotto@usp.br
authors.forename: Eliane C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Miotto
authors.forename: Aluizio Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Junior
authors.forename: Clemar Corrêa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Hector Navarro
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Melissa A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Glaucia R G
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Benute
authors.forename: Mara C S
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lucia
authors.forename: Milberto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaff
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005910:Glioma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests