title: SOX9 is expressed in normal stomach, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric carcinoma in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SOX9 is a marker for stem cells in the intestine and overexpression of SOX9 is found in some types of cancer. However, the expression of SOX9 in normal stomach, precancerous intestinal metaplasia, and gastric carcinoma has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate SOX9 expression in the corpus and pyloric regions of the normal human stomach, premalignant intestinal metaplasia, and gastric carcinoma by using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated SOX9 expression in 46 clinical samples (early gastric well-differentiated adenocarcinoma including surrounding intestinal metaplasia) resected under esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A small amount of SOX9 was expressed in the neck/isthmus of the corpus region and SOX9 expression was predominantly restricted to the neck/isthmus of the pyloric region in normal human stomach. In the intestinal metaplastic mucosa, SOX9- and PCNA-positive cells were located at the base of the intestinal metaplastic mucosa. Almost all of the gastric carcinoma cells expressed SOX9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SOX9 is expressed in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sashikawa Kimura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mutoh
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugano
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000235:genetics; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human