title: The geometry of high angle of attack maneuvers and the implications for Gy-induced neck injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern super agile fighter aircraft have significantly expanded maneuverability envelopes, often involving very high angles of attack (AOA) in the post-stall region. One such maneuver is the high AOA velocity vector roll. The geometry of this flight maneuver is such that during the roll there is a significant lateral C load imposed on the unrestrained head-neck complex of the pilot.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mathematical analysis of the geometric relationship determining the magnitude of +/- Gy acceleration during high AOA maneuvering was conducted. This preliminary mathematical model is able to predict the Gy load imposed on the head-neck complex of the pilot for a given set of flight maneuver parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis predicts that at an AOA of 700 and with a roll rate of 100 degrees x s(-1), the lateral G developed will be approximately 3.5 Gy. Increasing the roll rate increases the lateral G component: at 200 degrees x s(-1) the Gy, load is more than 6 Gy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are serious potential implications of super agile maneuvers on the neck of the pilot. The G environment experienced by the pilot of super agile aircraft is increasingly multiaxial, involving +/- Gx, +/- Gy, and +/- Gz. The level of lateral G developed during these dynamic flight maneuvers should not be underestimated, as such G loads can potentially lead to neck injuries. While aircraft become ever more capable, a full understanding of the biodynamic effects on the pilot while exploiting the agility of the aircraft still needs to be developed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia. dgnewman@swin.edu.au
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostler
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000401:Aircraft; D006801:Humans; D055641:Mathematical Concepts; D008889:Military Personnel; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000209:etiology*