title: Angular dependence of the nanoDot OSL dosimeter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optically stimulated luminescent detectors (OSLDs) are quickly gaining popularity as passive dosimeters, with applications in medicine for linac output calibration verification, brachytherapy source verification, treatment plan quality assurance, and clinical dose measurements. With such wide applications, these dosimeters must be characterized for numerous factors affecting their response. The most abundant commercial OSLD is the InLight/OSL system from Landauer, Inc. The purpose of this study was to examine the angular dependence of the nanoDot dosimeter, which is part of the InLight system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative dosimeter response data were taken at several angles in 6 and 18 MV photon beams, as well as a clinical proton beam. These measurements were done within a phantom at a depth beyond the build-up region. To verify the observed angular dependence, additional measurements were conducted as well as Monte Carlo simulations in MCNPX.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When irradiated with the incident photon beams parallel to the plane of the dosimeter, the nanoDot response was 4% lower at 6 MV and 3% lower at 18 MV than the response when irradiated with the incident beam normal to the plane of the dosimeter. Monte Carlo simulations at 6 MV showed similar results to the experimental values. Examination of the results in Monte Carlo suggests the cause as partial volume irradiation. In a clinical proton beam, no angular dependence was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A nontrivial angular response of this OSLD was observed in photon beams. This factor may need to be accounted for when evaluating doses from photon beams incident from a variety of directions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. jrkerns@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kerns
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kry
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Followill
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ibbott
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055096:Optical Devices; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity