title: Phenotypic characterization of Parp-1 and Parp-2 deficient mice and cells.
abstract: Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (Parps), a family of 17 members. Among them, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp-1) and Parp-2 are so far the sole enzymes whose catalytic activity has been shown to be induced by DNA strand breaks. The generation and characterization of Parp-1 and Parp-2 deficient cellular and animal models have largely contributed to describe both proteins as active players of the base excision repair/single-strand break repair (BER/SSBR) process with both redundant and more specific functions. Double Parp-1(-/-)Parp-2(-/-) embryos die at gastrulation demonstrating the crucial role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during embryonic development, whereas a specific female lethality related to X chromosome instability is associated with the Parp-1(+/-)Parp-2(-/-) genotype. Finally, recent research discovered emerging unique functions of Parp-2 in physiological processes including spermatogenesis, T-cell maturation, and adipogenesis although with distinct mechanisms. In this chapter, we describe standard operating procedures used to genotype and phenotype both mouse lines and the derived mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: FRE3211 du CNRS, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de, Groupe Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boehler
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yelamos
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dantzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C459820:Parp2 protein, mouse