title: Apolipoprotein A1/C3/A5 haplotypes and serum lipid levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein (Apo) A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent. The present study was undertaken to detect the association between the ApoA1/C3/A5 gene polymorphisms and their haplotypes with serum lipid levels in the general Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1030 unrelated subjects (492 males and 538 females) aged 15-89 were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping of the ApoA1 -75 bp G>A, ApoC3 3238C>G, ApoA5 -1131T>C, ApoA5 c.553G>T and ApoA5 c.457G>A was performed by polymerse chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Pair-wise linkage disequilibria and haplotype analysis among the five SNPs were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoA1 were lower in males than in femailes (P < 0.05 for each). The allelic and genotypic frequencies of the SNPs were no significant difference between males and females except ApoC3 3238C>G. There were 11 haplotypes with a frequency >1% identified in the cluster in our population. At the global level, the haplotypes comprised of all five SNPs were significantly associated with all seven lipid traits. In particular, haplotype G-G-C-C-A (6%; in the order of ApoA5 c.553G>T, ApoA5 c.457G>A, ApoA5 -1131T>C, ApoC3 3238C>G, and ApoA1 -75bp G>A) and G-A-T-C-G (4%) showed consistent association with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoA1, ApoB, and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio. In addition, carriers of haplotype G-G-T-C-G (26%) had increased serum concentration of HDL-C and ApoA1, whereas carriers of G-G-C-G-G (15%) had high concentrations of TC, triglyceride (TG) and ApoB. We also found that haplotypes with five SNPs explain much more serum lipid variation than any single SNP alone, especially for TG (4.4% for haplotype vs. 2.4% for -1131T>C max based on R-square) and HDL-C (5.1% for haplotype vs. 0.9% for c.553G>T based on R-square). Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with genotypes and several environment factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several common SNPs and their haplotypes in the ApoA1/C3/A5 gene cluster are closely associated with modifications of serum lipid parameters in the general Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. yinruixing@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Rui-Xing
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yi-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chao-Qiang
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000235:genetics*; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000235:genetics*; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C437704:APOA5 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D000072040:Apolipoprotein A-V; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids