title: Clinical factors associated with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore associated clinical factors in children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with tics, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or both (n=109) were examined with personal and family history, diagnostic interview, physical examination, medical record review, and measurement of baseline levels of streptococcal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant group differences were found on several variables, such that children in whom PANDAS (versus without PANDAS) were more likely to have had dramatic onset, definite remissions, remission of neuropsychiatric symptoms during antibiotic therapy, a history of tonsillectomies/adenoidectomies, evidence of group A streptococcal infection, and clumsiness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of clinical features associated with PANDAS should assist in delineating risks for this subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder/tics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA. tmurphy@health.usf.edu
authors.forename: Tanya K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: Wayne K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000276:immunology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000276:immunology*