title: How histone deacetylases control myelination.
abstract: Myelinated axons are a beautiful example of symbiotic interactions between two cell types: Myelinating glial cells organize axonal membranes and build their myelin sheaths to allow fast action potential conduction, while axons regulate myelination and enhance the survival of myelinating cells. Axonal demyelination, occurring in neurodegenerative diseases or after a nerve injury, results in severe motor and/or mental disabilities. Thus, understanding how the myelination process is induced, regulated, and maintained is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies for regeneration in the nervous system. Epigenetic regulation has recently been recognized as a fundamental contributing player. In this review, we focus on the central mechanisms of gene regulation mediated by histone deacetylation and other key functions of histone deacetylases in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glia of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, ETH-Hönggerberg, HPM E39, Schafmattstrasse 18, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. claire.jacob@cell.biol.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lebrun-Julien
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006655:Histone Deacetylases