title: Reduction of artefacts caused by hip implants in CT-based attenuation-corrected PET images using 2-D interpolation of a virtual sinogram on an irregular grid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metallic prosthetic replacements, such as hip or knee implants, are known to cause strong streaking artefacts in CT images. These artefacts likely induce over- or underestimation of the activity concentration near the metallic implants when applying CT-based attenuation correction of positron emission tomography (PET) images. Since this degrades the diagnostic quality of the images, metal artefact reduction (MAR) prior to attenuation correction is required.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed MAR method, referred to as virtual sinogram-based technique, replaces the projection bins of the sinogram that are influenced by metallic implants by a 2-D Clough-Tocher cubic interpolation scheme performed in an irregular grid, called Delaunay triangulated grid. To assess the performance of the proposed method, a physical phantom and 30 clinical PET/CT studies including hip prostheses were used. The results were compared to the method implemented on the Siemens Biograph mCT PET/CT scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both phantom and clinical studies revealed that the proposed method performs equally well as the Siemens MAR method in the regions corresponding to bright streaking artefacts and the artefact-free regions. However, in regions corresponding to dark streaking artefacts, the Siemens method does not seem to appropriately correct the tracer uptake while the proposed method consistently increased the uptake in the underestimated regions, thus bringing it to the expected level. This observation is corroborated by the experimental phantom study which demonstrates that the proposed method approaches the true activity concentration more closely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed MAR method allows more accurate CT-based attenuation correction of PET images and prevents misinterpretation of tracer uptake, which might be biased owing to the propagation of bright and dark streaking artefacts from CT images to the PET data following the attenuation correction procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mehrsima
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdoli
authors.forename: Johan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruim
authors.forename: Rudi A J O
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dierckx
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008670:Metals; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals