title: Providing web-based mental health services to at-risk women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the feasibility of providing web-based mental health services, including synchronous internet video conferencing of an evidence-based support/education group, to at-risk women, specifically poor lone mothers. The objectives of this study were to: (i) adapt a face-to-face support/education group intervention to a web-based format for lone mothers, and (ii) evaluate lone mothers' response to web-based services, including an online video conferencing group intervention program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participating mothers were recruited through advertisements. To adapt the face-to-face intervention to a web-based format, we evaluated participant motivation through focus group/key informant interviews (n = 7), adapted the intervention training manual for a web-based environment and provided a computer training manual. To evaluate response to web-based services, we provided the intervention to two groups of lone mothers (n = 15). Pre-post quantitative evaluation of mood, self-esteem, social support and parenting was done. Post intervention follow up interviews explored responses to the group and to using technology to access a health service. Participants received $20 per occasion of data collection. Interviews were taped, transcribed and content analysis was used to code and interpret the data. Adherence to the intervention protocol was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers participating in this project experienced multiple difficulties, including financial and mood problems. We adapted the intervention training manual for use in a web-based group environment and ensured adherence to the intervention protocol based on viewing videoconferencing group sessions and discussion with the leaders. Participant responses to the group intervention included decreased isolation, and increased knowledge and confidence in themselves and their parenting; the responses closely matched those of mothers who obtained same service in face-to-face groups. Pre-and post-group quantitative evaluations did not show significant improvements on measures, although the study was not powered to detect these.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that an evidence-based group intervention program for lone mothers developed and evaluated in face-to-face context transferred well to an online video conferencing format both in terms of group process and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. lipmane@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Ellen L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lipman
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marziali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy; D001294:Attitude to Health; D019058:Community Networks; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008603:Mental Health; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D015406:Single Parent / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D012934:Social Isolation; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D055815:Young Adult