title: Correlation of increased twist with lymph node metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protein expression of Twist, Snail, and Slug in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples and evaluate the potential correlation between the expression status and clinicopathologic features in patients with OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twist, Snail, and Slug protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a total of 60 OSCC samples and 10 normal oral mucosal samples. The associations between the protein expression and clinicopathologic parameters were mainly detected using the χ(2) test. The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the prognostic analysis was performed using Cox regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry stain analysis showed that positive Twist, Snail, and Slug protein expression was observed in 70%, 63.3%, and 58.3% of the cases, respectively. Twist protein expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, pathologic grade, and tumor stage (P = .012, P = .008, and P = .004, respectively, χ(2) test). All patients were followed up for 6 to 59 months (mean 37). A correlation between Twist protein expression and tumor recurrence was detected (log-rank test, P = .025). Nevertheless, no correlation was found between the Snail and Slug protein expression and the clinicopathologic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twist might serve as a useful molecular marker for lymph node metastasis and a poor prognosis in OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanhai, China.
authors.forename: Alimujiang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wushou
authors.forename: Hong-Ya
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Li-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shalamati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shali
authors.forename: Zhi-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1