title: Noninvasive intracranial pressure measurement using infrasonic emissions from the tympanic membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether ICP can be assessed by measuring infrasonic emissions from the tympanic membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  An increase in ICP was induced in 22 patients with implanted ICP pressure sensors. ICP waveforms that were obtained invasively and continuously were compared with infrasonic emission waveforms. In addition, the noninvasive method was used in a control group of 14 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a total of 83 measurements, the changes in ICP that were observed in response to different types of stimulation were detected in the waveforms obtained noninvasively as well as in those acquired invasively. Low ICP was associated with an initial high peak and further peaks with smaller amplitudes. High ICP was associated with a marked decrease in the number of peaks and in the difference between the amplitudes of the initial and last peaks. The assessment of infrasonic emissions, however, does not yet enable us to provide exact figures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is conceivable that the assessment of infrasonic emissions will become suitable both as a screening tool and for the continuous monitoring of ICP in an intensive care environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stettin
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paulat
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: Uwe Max
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Mauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult