title: Effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D on risk for type 2 diabetes may be partially mediated by subclinical inflammation: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and incident type 2 diabetes and to determine whether the association is mediated by subclinical inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a case-cohort design, baseline levels of 25-OHD were measured in 416 case subjects with incident type 2 diabetes and 1,267 noncase subjects selected from a source population of 7,936 middle-aged participants in the population-based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant inverse association was observed between serum 25-OHD and incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for diabetes risk factors and season. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI comparing tertile extremes was 0.63 (0.44-0.90) (P(trend) = 0.010). Further adjustment for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 attenuated this association by 16% (HR 0.73 [0.50-1.05], P = 0.090).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D status is inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk and our data suggest that this association may be partially mediated by subclinical inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology II, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thorand
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zierer
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huth
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisinger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D