title: Effects on vision with glare after correction of monochromatic wavefront aberrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate effects of optical aberration correction on vision with glare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correction of aberrations up to the 6th Zernike order (closed-loop correction) was compared with conventional spectacle correction in 42 healthy eyes. To create these corrections, an adaptive optics system including a thin-film transistor (TFT) monitor for displaying optotypes with additional glare sources was used. Employing both corrections, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (CS) were tested alternately with and without glare. Disability glare was computed as the difference between log CS without and with glare. Individuals were also asked to rate subjectively the quality of three images displayed on the TFT monitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements of CS without and with glare were found with the closed-loop correction (0.147 and 0.198 log CS, respectively), whereas no significant difference in visual acuity was found in either correction. Correlations were determined between reduction of total root-mean-square error and increase of CS with glare (Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.42) and decrease of disability glare (r=-0.33). Visual acuity was correlated with the visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (r=0.46). Subjective comparison of the images showed improvements more clearly. Depending on the image, in 57% to 78% of the eyes, closed-loop correction was rated better than spectacle correction. The subjective glare effect was reduced as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigation of vision with glare seems to be a reasonable additional test to evaluate the visual outcome of a customized correction.
authors.affiliation: From University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany. Hendrik.Jungnickel@fh-jena.de
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jungnickel
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Babovsky
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiessling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: Hans-Juergen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Grein
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kowarschik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D057108:Corneal Wavefront Aberration / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D019466:Glare; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult