title: The emerging role of nuclear factor kappa B in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the commonest type of kidney cancer, is a highly metastatic and the deadliest of all urologic cancers. Despite the development of many novel chemotherapeutics in recent years, metastatic RCC remains an incurable and lethal disease. The imperative for the identification of novel molecular targets and more effective therapeutics for metastatic RCC remain. One promising target is the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB is unique in the sense that it regulates all important aspects of RCC biology that pose challenge to conventional therapy - resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis and multi-drug resistance. Aberrations in the von Hippel Lindau gene (VHL) are the most important risk factor for the development of RCC, especially the clear cell type, which constitutes 70-80% of RCC. VHL is a negative regulator of NF-κB. In the absence of a functional VHL, the expression and activity of NF-κB are enhanced, which subsequently confer drug resistance and promote epithelial-mesenchymal-transition of RCC. This review provides an overview of RCC, its molecular mechanisms, the role of NF-κB in carcinomas including RCC, and the rationale for NF-κB as a target molecule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia. c.morais@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Christudas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gobe
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Healy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010455:Peptides; D021122:Protein Subunits; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein