title: Screening outcomes in women over age 70 who self-refer in the NHSBSP in England.
abstract: METHODS
  The NHS breast screening programme (NHSBSP) in England currently invites women aged 50-70 every three years. Whilst screening is acknowledged as efficacious for women aged 50-69, several countries routinely invite women up to the age of 74. The NHSBSP in England is beginning to invite women up to the age of 73. Although the incidence of breast cancer increases with age, the possible benefits of screening older women must be balanced against shorter life expectancies and possible overdiagnosis. In England women can self-refer after reaching the invitation upper age limit.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the extent to which older women in England self-referred over a three-year period and studied the screening outcomes in these women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routinely collected data from screening units in England were used to calculate screening performance measures for women who self-referred between 1 April 2005 and 31 March 2008. The tumour characteristics of all screen-detected cancers were examined by previous screening history and age group (71-74 and ≥75 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the three-year period 139,910 women aged over 70 self-referred; equivalent to 4% of the female population aged over 70 having been screened. The majority of women who self-referred had been screened within the previous five years (76% of those aged 71-74 and 65% of those aged 75 or over). Approximately 4% of these women were recalled for assessment and cancer detection rates were similar in both age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a small proportion of all women aged over 70 utilize the self-referral policy of the NHSBSP, and most such women are aged below 80.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Screening Evaluation Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG. rbennett@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged