title: Dentine remineralization induced by two bioactive glasses developed for air abrasion purposes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to evaluate dentine remineralization through a 7-day period of artificial saliva (AS) storage induced by bioactive glass 45S5 (BAG) and by bioactive glass modified with soda-lime spherical glass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Partially demineralized dentine disks were treated by BAG or the spherical-glass modified bioactive glass (M-BAG) and subsequently immersed in AS for 7 days. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to quantitatively analyse the mineral variation of the dentine surface by calculating the spectra parameters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were performed on completely demineralized dentine to confirm the apatite formation. The roughness of the dentine surface was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the morphology was also examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATR-FTIR showed a significant increase of the mineral matrix area ratio in dentine specimens treated with the two bioactive glasses subsequent to 7 days of AS storage. The XRD spectrum exhibited apatite growth and mineral elements could be found on completely demineralized samples analysed by EDX after remineralization treatments. The dentine specimens treated with bioactive glass showed lower roughness, and most of the dentinal tubules appeared completely occluded during the AFM and SEM examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the concentration of bioactive glass in the M-BAG is 60% of that contained in the original version, both formulations have similar potential in dentine remineralization. These bioactive powders developed for air-abrasive use may be considered as innovative bioactive materials for therapeutic remineralization of dental hard tissues.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Zhejun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauro
authors.forename: Yining
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.forename: Wenzhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002516:Ceramics; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D010087:Oxides; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C425330:bioactive glass 45S5; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide