title: Photodynamic inactivation of Penicillium chrysogenum conidia by cationic porphyrins.
abstract: This work reports the photophysical and biological evaluation of five cationic porphyrins as photosensitizers (PS) for the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Penicillium chrysogenum conidia. Two different cationic porphyrin groups were synthesized from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. The photostability and singlet oxygen generation studies showed that these molecules are photostable and efficient singlet oxygen generators. PDI experiments of P. chrysogenum conidia conducted with 50 μmol L(-1) of photosensitiser under white light at a fluence rate of 200 mW cm(-2) over 20 min showed that the most effective PS caused a 4.1 log reduction in the concentration of viable conidia. The present results show that porphyrins 1a and 1b are more efficient PSs than porphyrin 2a while porphyrins 1c and 2b show no inactivation of P. chrysogenum. It is also clear that the effectiveness of the molecule as PS for antifungal PDI is strongly related with the porphyrin substituent groups, and consequently their solubility in physiological media. The average amount of PS adsorbed per viable conidium was a determining factor in the photoinactivation efficiency and varied between the different studied PSs. Cationic PSs 1a and 1b might be promising anti-fungal PDI agents with potential applications in phytosanitation, biofilm control, bioremediation, and wastewater treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus of Santiago, Portugal.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Woranovicz-Barreira
authors.forename: Maria A F
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Faustino
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Maria G P M S
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.forename: Augusto C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tomé
authors.forename: Newton C M
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: José A S
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cavaleiro
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: João P C
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tomé
mesh_terms: D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011789:Quantum Theory; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D026082:Singlet Oxygen