title: A case report of motor neuron disease in a patient showing significant level of DDTs, HCHs and organophosphate metabolites in hair as well as levels of hexane and toluene in blood.
abstract: Motor neuron disease is a devastating neurodegenerative condition, with the majority of sporadic, non-familial cases being of unknown etiology. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that occupational exposure to chemicals may be associated with disease pathogenesis. We report the case of a patient developing progressive motor neuron disease, who was chronically exposed to pesticides and organic solvents. The patient presented with leg spasticity and developed gradually clinical signs suggestive of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was supported by the neurophysiologic and radiological findings. Our report is an evidence based case of combined exposure to organochlorine (DDTs), organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and organic solvents as confirmed by laboratory analysis in samples of blood and hair confirming systematic exposure. The concentration of non-specific dialkylphosphates metabolites (DAPs) of OPs in hair (dimethyphopshate (DMP) 1289.4 pg/mg and diethylphosphate (DEP) 709.4 pg/mg) and of DDTs (opDDE 484.0 pg/mg, ppDDE 526.6 pg/mg, opDDD 448.4 pg/mg, ppDDD+opDDT 259.9 pg/mg and ppDDT 573.7 pg/mg) were considerably significant. Toluene and n-hexane were also detected in blood on admission at hospital and quantified (1.23 and 0.87 μg/l, respectively), while 3 months after hospitalization blood testing was found negative for toluene and n-hexane and hair analysis was provided decrease levels of HCHs, DDTs and DAPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanavouras
authors.forename: Manolis N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tzatzarakis
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mastorodemos
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plaitakis
authors.forename: Aristidis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tsatsakis
mesh_terms: D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis*; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D010150:Paint / Q000009:adverse effects; D014050:Toluene / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D010755:Organophosphates; D014050:Toluene; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003634:DDT