title: The evolution of lasers in urology.
abstract: The world's first laser was developed by Theodore Maiman in 1960. Over the course of the past five decades, this technology has evolved into a highly specialized entity, also finding a niche market in the field of urology. Lasers obtained from various lasing mediums producing amplified light of different wavelengths have been tested for urological applications. Today, these lasers are most commonly used in the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia and as intracorporeal lithotripters. Other uses include ablation of various urologic tumors and incising strictures of the upper- and lower urinary tract. A continuous process of evolution of this technology is taking place, resulting in surgical lasers becoming ever safer, more effective, and more affordable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarrabi
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gross