title: Effect of the level and type of starchy concentrate on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats receiving a diet rich in sunflower-seed oil.
abstract: The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for reducing saturated and increasing specific unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in ruminant milk. The impact of the level and type of starchy concentrate added to diets supplemented with sunflower-seed oil on caprine milk FA composition and on mammary, omental and perirenal adipose, and liver lipid metabolism was examined in fourteen Alpine goats in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21 d experimental periods. Treatments were a grass hay-based diet with a high level of forage (F) or a high level of concentrate with either maize grain (CM) or flattened wheat (CW) as source of starch and supplemented with 130 g/d sunflower-seed oil. Milk yield was enhanced (P<0·01) and milk fat content was decreased on the CM and CW diets compared with the F diet, resulting in similar milk fat secretion. Both high-concentrate diets increased (P<0·05) milk yield of 10 : 0-16 : 0 and decreased trans-9,11-18 : 1 and cis-9, trans-11-18 : 2. The CW diet decreased (P<0·05) the output of ΣC18 and Σcis-18 : 1 and increased (P<0·05) the output of trans-10-18 : 1 in milk. The expression and/or activity of fourteen proteins involved in the major lipogenic pathways in mammary tissues and of lipogenic genes in adipose and liver tissues were similar among treatments. In conclusion, high starch concentrates alter milk FA yield via mechanisms independent of changes in mammary, liver or adipose tissue lipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, data provided indications that mammary lipogenic responses to starch-rich diets differ between caprine and bovine ruminants.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR 1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. laurence.bernard@clermont.inra.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rouel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chilliard
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D014908:Triticum; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013213:Starch