title: PM10 source apportionment in Milan (Italy) using time-resolved data.
abstract: In this work Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to 4-hour resolved PM10 data collected in Milan (Italy) during summer and winter 2006. PM10 characterisation included elements (Mg-Pb), main inorganic ions (NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-)), levoglucosan and its isomers (mannosan and galactosan), and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC). PMF resolved seven factors that were assigned to construction works, re-suspended dust, secondary sulphate, traffic, industry, secondary nitrate, and wood burning. Multi Linear Regression was applied to obtain the PM10 source apportionment. The 4-hour temporal resolution allowed the estimation of the factor contributions during peculiar episodes, which would have not been detected with the traditional 24-hour sampling strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy. vera.bernardoni@unimi.it
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bernardoni
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vecchi
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piazzalunga
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fermo
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D060389:Construction Industry; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007558:Italy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis; D014934:Wood / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009566:Nitrates; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates; D001335:Vehicle Emissions