title: Synthesis of carboxymethylated and quaternized chitosans and their therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease.
abstract: O-Carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCs) and N-((2-hydroxy-3-N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonium)propyl)chitosan chloride (N-CQCs) were synthesized for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment. The weight-average weight and substitution degree of O-CMCs and N-CQCs were 6.5 × 10(4) and 0.72 and 7.9 × 10(4) and 0.21, respectively. O-CMCs was negatively charged with a zeta-potential value of -31.82 mV, whereas that of N-CQCs was +36.1 mV, and both showed low cytotoxcity. Serum lipid level and liver fat accumulation were reduced with chitosan and its two derivatives. Furthermore, mRNA and protein expression assay of hepatic lipid metabolism enzymes and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) were observed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results showed that N-CQCs exhibited a more evident desired effect than chitosan and O-CMCs, indicating that amphiphilicity, solubility, and surface charge of chitosan and its two derivatives played roles in the expression of hepatic lipid metabolism enzymes and LDL-R. Therefore, dietary supplementation of O-CMCs and N-CQCs can alleviate the high fat diet induced aberrations related to NAFLD by their antilipidemic property.
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China. liuxf315@yahoo.cn
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Anrong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C569571:N-((2-hydroxy-3-N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonium)propyl)chitosan chloride; C504164:O-carboxymethylchitosan; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D048271:Chitosan