title: The guinea pig as a model for metabolic programming of adiposity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human infant accumulates body fat during intrauterine life. The guinea pig shares this characteristic and is born with similar adiposity; thus, it may be a relevant model to study obesity programming.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate guinea pig adipose tissue (AT) development and the effect of a maternal high-fat diet on the offspring's body composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, adipogenesis dynamics were evaluated at 3, 10, 21, and 136 d in epididymal and retroperitoneal AT with the use of (2)H(2)O labeling. In experiment 2, dams received a control or high-fat diet from mating to 21 d after delivery. The offspring received a high-fat diet from 22 to 105 d; adiposity was measured at 2, 21, 54, and 97 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fractional proliferation rate (FPR) of cells in epididymal AT was 25.2% of cells synthesized in 5 d at 3 d of age and decreased over time (P < 0.001). Age had no effect on retroperitoneal FPR (P = 0.179). In both depots, the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of palmitate decreased extensively from day 3 to day 10, increasing by day 21 and declining by day 136 (P < 0.001). The FSR of triglycerides decreased with age (P < 0.001). A maternal high-fat diet increased the offspring's adiposity at 2 d and 21 d (P < 0.05) but had no effect on body composition later in life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adipogenesis in the guinea pig is very active during early life and was altered by a maternal high-fat diet; thus, it is an adequate model for intrauterine fat deposition. However, there were no effects of maternal diet later in life.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. euridice.castanedagutierrez@rdls.nestle.com
authors.forename: Eurídice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pouteau
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pescia
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aprikian
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Macé
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides