title: Emergence and clonal dissemination of carbapenem-hydrolysing OXA-58-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Bolivia.
abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen and very little information is available regarding its imipenem resistance in Latin American countries such as Bolivia. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of 46 clinical strains from different hospitals in Cochabamba, Bolivia, from March 2008 to July 2009, and the presence of carbapenemases as a mechanism of resistance to imipenem. Isolates were obtained from 46 patients (one isolate per patient; 30 males,16 females) with an age range of 1 day to 84 years, and were collected from different sample types, the majority from respiratory tract infections (17) and wounds (13). Resistance to imipenem was detected in 15 isolates collected from different hospitals of the city. These isolates grouped into the same genotype, named A, and were resistant to all antibiotics tested including imipenem, with susceptibility only to colistin. Experiments to detect carbapenemases revealed the presence of the OXA-58 carbapenemase. Further analysis revealed the location of the bla(OXA-58) gene on a 40 kb plasmid. To our knowledge, this is the first report of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii isolates from Bolivia that is conferred by the OXA-58 carbapenemase. The presence of this gene in a multidrug-resistant clone and its location within a plasmid is of great concern with regard to the spread of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in the hospital environment in Bolivia.
authors.affiliation: Dpto Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Bizkaia, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sevillano
authors.affiliation: Dpto Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Bizkaia, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Avenida Aniceto Arce s/n, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Zulema
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Avenida Aniceto Arce s/n, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zabalaga
authors.affiliation: Dpto Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Bizkaia, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.
authors.forename: Ikerne
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.affiliation: Dpto Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Bizkaia, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.
authors.forename: Adelaida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umaran
authors.affiliation: Dpto Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Campus de Bizkaia, B° Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallego
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001838:Bolivia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015780:Carbapenems; D015378:Imipenem; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C534889:beta-lactamase OXA-58, Acinetobacter baumannii