title: A novel virus-encoded nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein: the UL3 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL3 protein is a nuclear protein. In this study, the molecular mechanism of the subcellular localization of UL3 was characterized by fluorescence microscopy in living cells. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES) were also identified. UL3 was demonstrated to target to the cytoplasm through the NES via chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM-1) dependent pathway, and to the nucleus through RanGTP-dependent mechanism. Heterokaryon assays confirmed that UL3 was capable of shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that the UL3 protein is a novel HSV-1 encoded nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology and Viral Immunology Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuchang, Wuhan 430071, China. zheng.alan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Chunfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Fusen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D028884:Karyopherins; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C121640:UL3 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; C038753:leptomycin B