title: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants ventilated with continuous positive airway pressure vs. mechanical ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs. traditional mechanical ventilation (MV) at 24 h of age as predictors of neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants at 18-22 months corrected gestational age (CGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants ≤1000 g birth weight born from January 2000 through December 2006 at two hospitals at the Cincinnati site of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network were evaluated comparing CPAP (n = 198) vs. MV (n = 109). Primary outcomes included the Bayley Score of Infant Development Version II (BSID-II), presence of deafness, blindness, cerebral palsy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventilatory groups were similar in gender, rates of preterm prolonged rupture of membranes, antepartum hemorrhage, use of antenatal antibiotics, steroids, and tocolytics. Infants receiving CPAP weighed more, were older, were more likely to be non-Caucasian and from a singleton pregnancy. Infants receiving CPAP had better BSID-II scores, and lower rates of BPD and death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After adjusting for acuity differences, ventilatory strategy at 24 h of age independently predicts long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in ELBW infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, MLC 2015, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH, USA. Cameron.Thomas@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Cameron W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jareen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meinzen-Derr
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hoath
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Narendran
mesh_terms: D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies