title: Promoting myelin repair and return of function in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Conduction block in demyelinated axons underlies early neurological symptoms, but axonal transection and neuronal loss are believed to be responsible for more permanent chronic deficits. Several therapies are approved for treatment of relapsing-remitting MS, all of which are immunoregulatory and clinically proven to reduce the rate of lesion formation and exacerbation. However, existing approaches are only partially effective in preventing the onset of disability in MS patients, and novel treatments to protect myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and enhance myelin repair may improve long-term outcomes. Studies in vivo in genetically modified mice have assisted in the characterization of mechanisms underlying the generation of neuropathology in MS patients, and have identified potential avenues for oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair. However, no treatments are yet approved that target these areas directly, and in addition, the relationship between demyelination and axonal transection in the lesions of the disease remains unclear. Here, we review translational research targeting oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair in models of autoimmune demyelination, and their potential relevance as therapies in MS.
authors.affiliation: Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jingya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Elisabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Linnea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Asp
authors.forename: Dipankar J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Navrazhina
authors.forename: Trinh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Azeb Tadesse
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Argaw
authors.forename: Carmen V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Melendez-Vasquez
authors.forename: Gareth R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014945:Wound Healing