title: Dose-response curve to salbutamol during acute and chronic treatment with formoterol in COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of short-acting β(2)-agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during treatment with long-acting β(2)-agonists is recommended as needed, but its effectiveness is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the additional bronchodilating effect of increasing doses of salbutamol during acute and chronic treatment with formoterol in patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with COPD underwent a dose-response curve to salbutamol (until 800 μg of cumulative dose) after a 1-week washout (baseline), 8 hours after the first administration of formoterol 12 μg (day 1), and after a 12-week and 24-week period of treatment with formoterol (12 μg twice daily by dry powder inhaler). Peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity, and inspiratory capacity were measured at the different periods of treatment and at different steps of the dose-response curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite acute or chronic administration of formoterol, maximal values of peak expiratory flow, FEV(1), and forced vital capacity after 800 μg of salbutamol were unchanged compared with baseline. The baseline FEV(1) dose-response curve was steeper than that at day 1, week 12, or week 24 (P < 0.0001). Within each dose-response curve, FEV(1) was different only at baseline and at day 1 (P < 0.001), when FEV(1) was still greater at 800 μg than at 0 μg (P < 0.02). In contrast, the forced vital capacity dose-response curves were similar at the different periods, while within each dose-response curve, forced vital capacity was different in all instances (P < 0.001), always being higher at 800 μg than at 0 μg (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with stable COPD, the maximal effect of salbutamol on peak expiratory flow, FEV(1), and forced vital capacity was unchanged after either acute or chronic treatment with formoterol. With increasing doses of salbutamol, FEV(1) increased only after acute administration of formoterol. Forced vital capacity also significantly improved during long-term treatment with formoterol.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe Emanuele
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: La Piana
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corda
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertella
authors.forename: Luigi Taranto
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Montemurro
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tantucci
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D000420:Albuterol; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate