title: Effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and MTAD on debris and smear layer removal using a self-adjusting file.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the cleaning ability of a self-adjusting file (SAF) system regarding debris and smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or MTAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 45 maxillary incisor teeth were randomly divided into 2 different irrigation groups of 20 canals each and a negative control group of 5 canals. The canals in each of the irrigation groups were irrigated using sodium hypochlorite (1.3%) as an initial irrigant during the first 2 minutes of operation, followed by 2 minutes continuous irrigation with either 17% EDTA or MTAD in a closed system. The negative control group was irrigated using 1.3% sodium hypochlorite. The roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of debris and smear layer in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the canal was evaluated using a 5-grade scoring system with ×200 and ×2,000 magnification, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SAF operation with 2-minute continuous irrigation using MTAD resulted in root canal walls that were free of smear layer in 85%, 70%, and 60% and of debris in 95%, 90%, and 95% of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, respectively. The SAF operation with continuous irrigation using EDTA resulted in root canal walls that were free of smear layer in 85%, 60%, and 50% and of debris in 95%, 90%, and 85% of the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, respectively. Teeth in the negative control group were totally covered with debris. Evaluation by SEM showed no significant difference between the tested irrigants in removing the smear layer and debris among the different regions of the root canal. Both groups were significantly different from the negative control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using the SAF, the protocols used in this study were effective for debridement for all regions of the root canal even for the apical thirds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adigüzel
authors.forename: Senem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yiğit-Özer
authors.forename: Sadullah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Selengül
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganidağli-Ayaz
authors.forename: Zeki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akkuş
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; C475043:MTAD (intracanal irrigant); D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D004318:Doxycycline