title: Evaluation of early dynamic changes of intracranial arterial occlusion is useful for stroke etiology diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The etiologic diagnosis of intracranial arterial occlusion is sometimes challenging because of the dynamic nature of acute stroke. We investigated whether short-term follow-up vascular imaging adds additional information to the differential diagnosis between intracranial atherosclerotic and embolic occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion on MR angiography (MRA) within 24h of symptom onset were included. Follow-up MRA was performed 5-7days after stroke onset. Stroke subtypes were independently determined at baseline and follow-up MRAs based on clinical, laboratory and imaging findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 108 included patients, the most common etiologic subtype of initial stroke was intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (ICLAA) in 70 patients, followed by cardioembolism in 29 and other causes in 9. On follow-up MRA, 32 (29.6%) patients showed either significant or complete recanalization. Of these, 10 had been originally diagnosed with ICLAA, but were reclassified as a cryptogenic mechanism after follow-up MRA. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of coexisting arterial atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR], 6.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.67-17.91; p<0.001); the absence of large territorial infarction (OR, 4.06; 95% CI, 1.39-11.85; p=0.010); and smoking (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.028-6.29; p=0.043) were significantly associated with a final diagnosis of ICLAA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of follow-up vascular imaging, a substantial proportion of patients with intracranial middle cerebral arterial occlusion may be misdiagnosed as ICLAA. Evaluation of early dynamic changes in intracranial middle cerebral arterial occlusion may provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of intrinsic atherosclerosis and embolic occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: A-Hyun
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sun U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jong S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Wha
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged