title: Effects of a supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with or without fish gelatin on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in obese, insulin-resistant subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3 PUFA plus fish gelatin (+FG) supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transcriptome comparison of 8-week supplementation with n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA+FG was carried out in PBMCs of 16 obese insulin-resistant subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA concentration increased and plasma triglycerides decreased significantly without altering inflammatory parameters after both supplementations. n-3 PUFA supplementation changed the expression of 805 genes, whereas n-3 PUFA+FG supplementation altered the expression of 184 genes. Three genes were commonly changed: fatty acid desaturase 1, free fatty acid receptor 3, and ectodysplasin. Pathway analyses indicate changes in gene expression via the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α pathway after both supplementations. Further, the extent of modifications in the expression of genes implicated in the inflammatory pathways - the oxidative stress response mediated by nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, nuclear transcription factor κB, oxidative stress, and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling - was different after each supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA+FG supplementations have a distinct impact on gene expression levels, the consequences on biochemical parameters and metabolic pathways were comparable after both supplementations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rudkowska
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponton
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Holub
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marette
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vohl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005780:Gelatin; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D005780:Gelatin