title: A novel piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of malarial Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 antigen.
abstract: A novel piezoelectric (PZ) immunosensor for the direct detection of malarial Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2 (PfHRP-2) antigen was developed. The mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thioctic acid and 1-dodecanethiol were formed on gold surface of quartz crystal. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the mixed SAMs. The rabbit anti-PfHRP-2 antibodies were coupled on mixed SAM modified gold surface of quartz crystal via NHS/EDC activation method. The PZ immunosensor was applied to detect PfHRP-2 in the linear range of 15-60 ng/ml with a detection limit of 12 ng/ml. It was also found that even after 14 days of storage, 50% of the activity still remained. Clinical human serum samples were tested with this method, and the results were in agreement with those obtained from commercially available ICT kit (NOW(®) Malaria).
authors.affiliation: Defence R & D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merwyn
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000276:immunology; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D004560:Electricity; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013388:Succinimides / Q000737:chemistry; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; C514457:HRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D013388:Succinimides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C013976:dodecylmercaptan; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C001426:N-hydroxysuccinimide