title: Sperm DNA damage and seminal oxidative status after shock-wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between level of sperm DNA damage, seminal oxidative status, and shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) for distal ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study with control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men who had undergone SWL for distal and upper ureter stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level of sperm DNA damage and seminal oxidative status assessed through the examination of semen on the day before and 3 days, and 3 months after SWL.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA damage score and oxidative stress in semen parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sperm DNA damage score and semen total oxidant status (TOS) levels increased, but semen total antioxidant status (TAS) levels, sperm concentration, and motility decreased immediately after SWL. However, there were no statistically significant correlations between the DNA damage scores and the increased TAS and TOS levels in the study group. All of the changes returned completely to initial level during three months after SWL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SWL may affect fertility in men. Therefore, we suggest other treatment modalities, such as ureteroscopy, for young men with distal ureteral stones to prevent the development of male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. mehmetgulum@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulum
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yeni
authors.forename: Abdurrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocyigit
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taskin
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altunkol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants