title: Functional electrical stimulation improves brain perfusion in cranial trauma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demonstrate brain perfusion changes due to neuronal activation after functional electrical stimulation (FES).
  
  
  METHODS
  It was studied 14 patients with hemiplegia who were submitted to a program with FES during fourteen weeks. Brain perfusion SPECT was performed before and after FES therapy. These patients were further separated into 2 groups according to the hemiplegia cause: cranial trauma and major vascular insults. All SPECT images were analyzed using SPM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant statistical difference between the two groups related to patient's ages and extent of hypoperfusion in the SPECT. Patients with cranial trauma had a reduction in the hypoperfused area and patients with major vascular insult had an increase in the hypoperfused area after FES therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FES therapy can result in brain perfusion improvement in patients with brain lesions due to cranial trauma but probably not in patients with major vascular insults with large infarct area.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Medicina Nuclear do Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital das Clínicas, UNICAMP, Av. Zeferino Vaz, S/N - Caixa Postal 6149, 13080-000 Campinas SP - Brasil. juarezbarbara@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bárbara Juarez
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: Allan de Oliveira
authors.initials: Ade O
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Telma Dagmar
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romanato
authors.forename: Dalton A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.forename: Mariana da Cunha Lopes de
authors.initials: Mda C
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Celso Darío
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Donizete Cesar
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Honorato
authors.forename: Edwaldo Eduardo
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Elba Cristina de Sá Camargo
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Etchebehere
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D055815:Young Adult