title: Early serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in septic patients: correlation with monocyte gene expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define early kinetics of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and of TREM-1 monocyte gene expression in critically ill patients with sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was sampled at regular time intervals from 105 patients with sepsis. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and IL-12p70 and sTREM-1 were measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Blood mononuclear cells were isolated on day 0 from 20 patients and 10 healthy volunteers; RNA was extracted and gene expression of TREM-1 and TNFα were assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early serum concentrations of sTREM-1 were greater among patients with severe sepsis/shock than among patients with sepsis; those of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were pronounced among patients with septic shock. Gene transcripts of TNFα were lower among patients with severe sepsis/shock than among patients with sepsis; that was not the case for TREM-1. Early serum levels of sTREM-1 greater than 180 pg/mL were predictors of shorter duration of mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although serum levels of sTREM-1 are increased early upon advent of severe sepsis/shock, gene expression of TREM-1 on monocytes in severe sepsis/shock is not increased. These findings add considerably to our knowledge on the pathophysiology of sepsis.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimopoulou
authors.forename: Aimilia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelekanou
authors.forename: Irini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mavrou
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savva
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzanela
authors.forename: Antigone
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsaki
authors.forename: Matina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kardara
authors.forename: Stylianos E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotanidou
authors.forename: Evangelos J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D015300:Ventilator Weaning
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1