title: Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease worldwide. Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) varies in the different ethnic groups. Nepal is country with great ethnic diversity. This study has been done to find the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in the two ethnic groups Jyapu and Brahmin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study we have included two ethnic groups Jyapu and Brahmin type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age ≥ 30 years, clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a history of urinary tract infection, hematuria, renal failure, intercaste marriage and women with menstruation at the time of sample collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of albuminuria was 49.05%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 35.89% in Jyapu and 37.73% in Brahmin which was comparable. There was significantly higher prevalence of macroalbuminuria in Jyapu 20.75% and Brahmin 3.77%. Association of dietary habit was seen with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in both ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall prevalence of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes of our study was high and there was significantly higher macroalbuminuria in Jyapu compared with Brahmin. It, therefore, predicts a higher risk of having kidney disease in Jyapu population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal. baburajais@gmail.com
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Maharjan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhandary
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Risal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sedhain
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shakya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gautam
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio