title: Sexual dimorphism of pupae and adults of the cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella.
abstract: This paper describes the main distinguishing characteristics of female and male pupae and adults of cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Two pairs of tubercles present on the sterna of segments IX and X of the female pupae are useful in differentiating female from male pupae. The female genital opening is located anterior to the first pair of tubercles and forms a plateau in which the center has a light brown longitudinal depression that indicates the female genital opening. The male genital opening is a conspicuous, brown, longitudinal slit located between the two pairs of tubercles. The sex of the adult moth can be determined by examining the ventrocaudal segments of the abdomen. The last segment of the female abdomen is white, compressed laterally and at the tip, and the hairy anal papillae can be seen. In the male, the ventrocaudal end of the abdomen is black and robust. This information will be useful for laboratory and field diagnosis and while working on sex ratios of this important pest of cocoa.
authors.affiliation: IPM, Tropical Pernnial Crop Consultant, Laurel, MD, USA. fjavierposada@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Posada
authors.forename: Ike
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virdiana
authors.forename: Maisin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navies
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pava-Ripoll
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hebbar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002099:Cacao / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011679:Pupa / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012727:Sex Characteristics