title: Ex-situ field application of electrokinetics for remediation of shooting-range soil.
abstract: Electrokinetic process for remediation of a shooting-range site was evaluated in this study. By field operation for 100 days, the newly designed electrokinetic system was evaluated for process stability, performance, and efficiency. The field site of this study was an abandoned military shooting range located in the Civilian Control Line of South Korea. The target area, only, was heavily contaminated by Pb and Cu to a depth of 0.5 m. After dry-sieving of the field soil to separate particulate Pb, two cells in a hexagonal (two-dimensional) arrangement, including ten anodes outside the cell and two cathodes in the middle, were prepared. The pH of each electrolyte was adjusted by use of concentrated HNO(3), resulting in acid-enhanced electrokinetics. The monitoring results indicated that overall removal of heavy metals (Pb, Cu) was achieved, and that both heavy metals were removed from outside the cell. The average final efficiency of removal of Pb and Cu was 39.5 ± 35 and 63.8 ± 12%, respectively. Although the feasibility of this system was confirmed, for commercialization of the process confirmed drawbacks must be improved by further study.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keun-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon-Oh
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Un
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Kyoung-Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D005389:Firearms; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D007899:Leisure Activities; D058749:Military Facilities; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D017942:Nitric Acid; D003300:Copper