title: Resilience and stuttering: factors that protect people from the adversity of chronic stuttering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic disorder can impose a significant negative mental health burden. This research was conducted to explore factors that may protect people from the adversity of chronic stuttering.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study employed a population group cohort design. Participants included 200 adults who have stuttered since childhood, and the sample was divided into those who were classified as resilient and nonresilient on the basis of their global psychopathology scores. Protective factor differences between the 2 groups were determined using multivariate analysis of variance and unique contributors to psychopathology were isolated using multiple regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors that significantly distinguished between groups included superior levels of health status, social support, vitality and social functioning, fewer physical limitations, and a greater sense of self-efficacy. Three unique contributors to adaptive outcomes were found: self-efficacy, social support, and healthy social functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of factors were isolated that potentially protect individuals with chronic stuttering from developing psychopathology. The findings provide a better understanding of how people cope with a chronic fluency disorder.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia. a.craig@sydney.edu.au
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blumgart
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D013342:Stuttering / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult