title: Epidemiological study of risk factors for oral, laryngeal and esophageal cancers at a tertiary care hospital in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIS: An epidemiological shift in the form of increase in the incidence of cancer and decrease in the incidence of smoking is universally realized today. This study was conducted to observe an association of smoking, use of alcohol and tobacco and cancers of the oral cavity, larynx and esophagus
  
  
  METHODS
  it was a case control study conducted at Deptt. of Radiotherapy at GMCH, Chandigarh. The registers from radiology department were utilized and studied for the presence of history of alcohol consumption, smoking and tobacco intake. Statistical analysis was done by calculating Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 363 cases with the diagnosis of Laryngeal, Esophageal and Oral Cancer along with 568 controls studied, 42 (11.6%) were in the age group of 30-44 years, 153 (42.1%) in the age group of 45-59 years and rest 171 (47.1%) in the age group of 60+ years. Among cases, the percentage of tobacco use, smoking and alcohol consumption was 10.5, 60.6 and 33.6 respectively as against the similar percentages among controls 1.4, 9.0 and 6.3. The odds ratio for tobacco use in relation to patients aged 60+ years was 2.39, in the age group of 45-59 years was 11.19 and increased to 55.35 in the age group 30-44 years. Similarly the overall odds ratio for alcohol consumption was 7.48 and it was 4.98 in the age group 60+ years, 6.30 in the age group 45-59 years and increasing to 17.00 in the age group of 30-44 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Finding suggests that risk of cancer of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts is higher with tobacco and alcohol use. Further studies are required.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospitals, Kalyani, India.
authors.forename: Munesh Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gour
authors.forename: Avadesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*