title: United States Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP) risk assessment for children exposed to benzene.
abstract: As part of the Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP) program, a risk assessment was performed to evaluate the risks to children from environmental benzene exposures. This paper summarizes this risk assessment. Risk was characterized using two distinct methods: USEPA's default type of risk assessment, which used the Reference Dose (RfD) and Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) to characterize non-cancer and cancer risks, as well as a Margin of Safety (MOS) approach that utilized a point of departure (POD). The exposures for most scenarios evaluated in this VCCEP risk assessment are lower than both the cancer and non-cancer PODs by several orders of magnitude, indicating a large MOS and corresponding low potential for toxicity at these exposures. The highest benzene exposures likely experienced by children, associated with the lowest MOS, are from cigarette smoke. In addition, the potential for age-related differences in the sensitivity towards benzene-induced toxicity was investigated. In general, this risk assessment does not indicate that children are likely to be at a elevated risk of AML or hematopoietic toxicity associated with environmental exposures to benzene.
authors.affiliation: Summit Toxicology, L.L.P., University of Colorado, School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO, USA. dpyatt@summittoxicology.com
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pyatt
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cushing
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D006413:Hematopoietic System / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D001554:Benzene