title: Analysis of trace and major elements in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia in calves.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of direct determination of trace and major element concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from Holstein calves with Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 20). The samples were obtained during bronchoscopy using a standard examination method. A total of 18 elements (aluminum, bromine, calcium, chlorine, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorous, sulfur, silicon, strontium, titanium, and zinc) were detected by particle-induced X-ray emission. The average bromine, iron, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous concentrations were higher in calves with bronchopneumonia than in controls (p < 0.05). They were found to have higher amounts of calcium and zinc, and a higher zinc-copper ratio than that in healthy calves (p < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristics curves, we propose a diagnostic cutoff point for zinc-copper ratio for identification of Mycoplasma pneumonia of 8.676. Our results indicate that assessment of the elemental composition of broncholaveolar lavage fluid is a promising diagnostic tool for Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimati, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan. kazuyuki@rakuno.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Hidetomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwano
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakritz
authors.forename: Kouichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sera
authors.forename: Masateru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koiwa
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000379:methods; D001996:Bronchopneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009174:Mycoplasma; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements