title: 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid, a Major Constituent of Brazilian Propolis, Increases TRAIL Expression and Extends the Lifetimes of Mice Infected with the Influenza A Virus.
abstract: Brazilian green propolis water extract (PWE) and its chemical components, caffeoylquinic acids, such as 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,4-diCQA), act against the influenza A virus (IAV) without influencing the viral components. Here, we evaluated the anti-IAV activities of these compounds in vivo. PWE or PEE (Brazilian green propolis ethanol extract) at a dose of 200 mg/kg was orally administered to Balb/c mice that had been inoculated with IAV strain A/WSN/33. The lifetimes of the PWE-treated mice were significantly extended compared to the untreated mice. Moreover, oral administration of 3,4-diCQA, a constituent of PWE, at a dose of 50 mg/kg had a stronger effect than PWE itself. We found that the amount of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mRNA in the mice that were administered 3,4-diCQA was significantly increased compared to the control group, while H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) mRNA was slightly decreased. These data indicate that PWE, PEE or 3,4-diCQA possesses a novel and unique mechanism of anti-influenza viral activity, that is, enhancing viral clearance by increasing TRAIL.
authors.affiliation: Nagaragawa Research Center, API Co., Ltd., 692-3 Nagara, Gifu 502-0071, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urushisaki
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hosokawa-Muto
authors.forename: Taketoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Shigemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tazawa
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwata