title: Assisted leg displacements and progressive loading by a tilt table combined with FES promote gait recovery in acute stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Here we developed and tested a novel system for early motor rehabilitation in acute stroke when patients are unable to stand and walk without assistance. Stepping performance may be largely facilitated by providing treatment in the supine position on a tilt table using step-synchronized functional electrical stimulation (FES) with assisted leg movements and progressive limb loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one individuals with acute stroke were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental and control. The first group received both a conventional therapy and FES-therapy combined with progressive limb loading, whereas the control group received a conventional therapy only. Changes after treatment were assessed using clinical scores and neurophysiological measurements of movement performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, there was an improvement of the clinical scores, muscle forces and everyday life activity performance in both groups, however, significantly higher in the experimental group. Active rhythmic movements of the non paretic leg often provoked muscle activity in the paretic leg as well as there was a reduction of the contralateral leg muscle contraction during paretic leg movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The developed FES and leg displacement-assisted therapy facilitates a smooth transition to walking in the vertical position and increases the patient's functional abilities and the effectiveness of rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Information Transmission Problems of RAS, Moscow, Russia. solopova@iitp.ru
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Solopova
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Tihonova
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Grishin
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ivanenko
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome