title: Benefit of contrast enhanced ultrasound for detection of ischaemic lesions and arterio venous fistulas in renal transplants - a feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefit of CEUS (contrast enhanced ultrasound) regarding depiction of ischaemic lesions and AVFs (arterio venous fistula) in renal transplants compared to standard ultrasound (US) (grey-scale and color Doppler).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study 22 patients suspected of having acute vascular complication after renal transplantation were investigated using standard ultrasound (grey-scale US and color Doppler US) and CEUS, respectively. Validity of the respective US-techniques regarding depiction of ischaemic lesions and AVF was compared. Dynamic CTA (computed tomography angiography) served as the standard of reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 renal transplants arterial embolism associated with kidney infarctions were observed. Very good correlation to dynamic CTA was yielded using CEUS, whereas grey scale US and color Doppler US was limited in the accurate depiction of renal infarctions. Additionally CEUS was superior in displaying arteriovenous fistulas compared to standard US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CEUS as a fast and bedside available imaging modality not associated with dose exposure or renal toxicity facilitates improved detection of ischaemic lesions and AVFs compared to standard US and thus should be considered for short term follow up of renal transplants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Munich Munich, Germany. Andreas.Helck@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helck
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wessely
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Notohamiprodjo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clevert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D003287:Contrast Media; D004617:Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media