title: Fungal toenail infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fungal infections are reported to cause 23% of foot diseases and 50% of nail conditions in people seen by dermatologists, but are less common in the general population, affecting 3% to 5% of people.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of oral treatments for fungal toenail infections? What are the effects of topical treatments for fungal toenail infections? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to March 2011 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 12 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: amorolfine, butenafine, ciclopirox, fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, mechanical debridement, terbinafine, and tioconazole.
authors.affiliation: The University of East London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D003646:Debridement; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009262:Nails / Q000382:microbiology; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D017964:Itraconazole