title: Hypoglycemia after accidental pediatric sulfonylurea ingestions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases annually, there has been an increase in pediatric exposures to sulfonylureas. These medications are associated with delayed and often prolonged hypoglycemia. As such, most authorities but not all recommend admission for all pediatric patients with an accidental sulfonylurea ingestion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients with sulfonylurea exposures admitted for 9 years at an urban, pediatric teaching hospital. The incidence and characteristics of the hypoglycemia were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this time span, 93 patients with accidental sulfonylurea exposures were admitted, with a median age of 1.83 years. Glyburide and glipizide accounted for most sulfonylureas. Hypoglycemia (blood glucose level <50 mg/dL) developed in 25 (58.1%) of 43 patients who ingested glipizide, compared with 10 (25.6%) of 39 patients who ingested glyburide. The overall incidence of hypoglycemia was 44%. Hypoglycemia was more likely to occur with glipizide ingestion than glyburide (odds ratio, 3.89 [95% confidence interval, 1.51-9.98]). No patient with a known time of ingestion developed hypoglycemia after 13 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypoglycemia is common after accidental sulfonylurea exposures. The results of this study support mandatory admission to a monitored setting for at least 16 hours, with frequent glucose determinations.
authors: Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA. Michael.levine@bannerhealth.com
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Levine
authors: Anne-Michelle
authors: AM
authors: Ruha
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Lovecchio
authors: Brad D
authors: BD
authors: Riley
authors: Anthony F
authors: AF
authors: Pizon
authors: Boyd D
authors: BD
authors: Burns
authors: Stephen H
authors: SH
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005913:Glipizide / Q000506:poisoning*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005905:Glyburide / Q000506:poisoning*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D011041:Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000506:poisoning; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C057619:glimepiride; D005947:Glucose; D005905:Glyburide; D005913:Glipizide