title: Sinus lift with autologous bone alone or in addition to equine bone: an immunohistochemical study in man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to perform a comparative histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in sinus augmentation using autologous bone alone or in combination with equine bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients underwent sinus augmentation with autologous bone and a 50:50 mixture of autologous and equine bone. Control cores were harvested from preexisting nonaugmented bone under the sinus floor. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The greatest values of microvessel density were found in the sites grafted with autologous bone with significant differences between control versus autologous group (P < 0.01) and control versus autologous + equine group (P < 0.01). The higher and lower intensities of vascular endothelial growth factor and NOS3 expression were prevalent in the sites grafted with autologous bone with significant differences with the controls (P < 0.05). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in the NOS1 expression among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained showed that the mixture of autologous and equine bone was biocompatible, and its use was associated with new blood vessels ingrowth during healing, which has been found to be extremely important for bone formation.
authors: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors: Luciano
authors: L
authors: Artese
authors: Adriano
authors: A
authors: Piattelli
authors: Danilo Alessio
authors: DA
authors: Di Stefano
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Piccirilli
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Pagnutti
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: D'Alimonte
authors: Vittoria
authors: V
authors: Perrotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000473:pathology; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000032:analysis; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000032:analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D003094:Collagen; C496320:NOS1 protein, human; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III