title: Endotoxemia affects citrulline, arginine and glutamine bioavailability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sepsis considerably alters the intestinal barrier functions, which in turn modify the absorption and bioavailability of nutrients. However, the effects of septic shock on aminoacid (AAs) bioavailability are poorly documented. The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability of citrulline, arginine and glutamine during endotoxemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six rats were randomised into two groups: control and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of endotoxins (7·5 mg/kg). After 12 h, each group was again randomised into three subgroups, each of which received an oral bolus of citrulline, arginine or glutamine (5·7 mmol/kg). Blood samples were collected at various times from 0 to 600 min after AA administration. The concentrations of citrulline, arginine, glutamine and their metabolites arginine and ornithine were measured to determine pharmacokinetic parameters Area Under Curve (AUC), C(max) and T(max).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AUC values of citrulline decreased in LPS rats [citrulline, control: 761 ± 67 and LPS: 508 ± 72 μmol min/mL (P = 0·02)]. Maximum concentrations of citrulline were also significantly decreased by endotoxemia (P = 0·01). The pharmacokinetic parameters of arginine and glutamine were not significantly modified by endotoxemia. The AUC value of arginine from citrulline conversion was diminished in endotoxemic rats. The other pharmacokinetic parameters of arginine were not significantly modified after arginine or citrulline supply in either group (control or LPS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endotoxemia affects the bioavailability of AAs differently according to the amino acid considered. This feature may be important for nutritional strategy in ICU patients.
authors: Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique, UPRES EA 4466, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors: Fatimazahra
authors: F
authors: Elwafi
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Curis
authors: Naima
authors: N
authors: Zerrouk
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Neveux
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Chaumeil
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Arnaud
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Cynober
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Moinard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001120:Arginine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002956:Citrulline / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D005973:Glutamine; D002956:Citrulline; D001120:Arginine