title: Expression of TLR 2, TLR 4 and iNOS in cervical monocytes of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected women and their role in host immune response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the innate immune response -TLR2 TLR 4 and iNOS expression in female genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLR 2, TLR 4, and iNOS expression was evaluated by real-time PCR in C. trachomatis-infected asymptomatic, mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC), and fertility disorders (FD) women. Expression of TLR signaling pathway genes was checked in vivo in C. trachomatis-infected cervical monocytes. Further, inos gene expression and nitric oxide release was assessed in vitro in THP-1 cell line upon chlamydial infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLR2, TLR4, and iNOS expression was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in C. trachomatis-positive women with FD, MPC, and asymptomatic women, respectively, than in control. Chlamydial infection significantly upregulates CD86, TLR4, MyD88, IRAK2, nF-κB, IL-1,β and IL-12 genes. Expression of iNOS gene was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) high 12 hrs post-infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlamydia trachomatis stimulates innate immune cells by activation of TLR2/TLR 4. Overall data indicate that recognition by TLR4 helps in initiation of immune response while recognition by TLR2 leads to secretion of inflammatory cytokines while iNOS-induced nitric oxide production helps in clearing Chlamydia. These results are first to provide initial insights into how innate immune response operates in human cervical monocytes upon chlamydial infection.
authors: Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
authors: Tanvi
authors: T
authors: Agrawal
authors: Apurb R
authors: AR
authors: Bhengraj
authors: Vikas
authors: V
authors: Vats
authors: Sudha
authors: S
authors: Salhan
authors: Aruna
authors: A
authors: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II