title: Why do influenza virus subtypes die out? A hypothesis.
abstract: Novel pandemic influenza viruses enter the human population with some regularity and can cause disease that is severe and widespread. The emergence of novel viruses, historically, has often been coupled with the disappearance of existing seasonal virus strains. Here, we propose that the elimination of seasonal strains during virus pandemics is a process mediated, at the population level, by humoral immunity. Specifically, we suggest that infection with a novel virus strain, in people previously exposed to influenza viruses, can elicit a memory B cell response against conserved hemagglutinin stalk epitopes and/or neuraminidase epitopes. The anti-stalk and/or anti-neuraminidase antibodies then act to diminish the clinical severity of disease caused by novel influenza viruses and to eliminate seasonal virus strains.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. peter.palese@mssm.edu
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Palese
authors: Taia T
authors: TT
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus