title: Low expression of Granzyme B in colorectal cancer is associated with signs of early metastastic invasion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumour-infiltrating forkhead box P3 (FoxP3+ ) regulatory T cells (T(regs) ) have stronger prognostic significance than cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in colorectal cancer (CRC). Because there is evidence that some tumour-infiltrating CD8+ T cells may be inactive, the present study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of Granzyme B, one of the major effector molecules of T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A tissue microarray containing 963 CRCs was stained immunohistochemically for Granzyme B and the level of expression quantified by digital image analysis. Granzyme B expression was higher in tumours with microsatellite instability (P < 0.0001), a dense lymphocytic infiltrate (P < 0.0001) and location in the proximal colon (P = 0.009), but lower in tumours with vascular invasion (P = 0.007), perineural invasion (P =0.041) and positive nodal status (P < 0.001). Elevated expression of Granzyme B was associated with improved survival on univariate analysis (hazard ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.84; P = 0.001), but not in a multivariate model that included stage, vascular invasion and FoxP3+ T(reg) cell density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low expression of Granzyme B was associated with early signs of metastasis in CRC. The stronger prognostic significance of FoxP3+ T(regs) is in keeping with animal models that suggest these cells act as gatekeepers for the release of Granzyme B from CD8+ T cells.
authors: School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Salama
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Phillips
authors: Cameron
authors: C
authors: Platell
authors: Barry
authors: B
authors: Iacopetta
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053804:Granzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D053804:Granzymes