title: Nandrolone and resistance training induce heart remodeling: role of fetal genes and implications for cardiac pathophysiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the isolated and combined effects of nandrolone and resistance training on cardiac morphology, function, and mRNA expression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and submitted to 6 weeks of treatment with nandrolone and/or resistance training. Cardiac parameters were determined by echocardiography. Heart was analyzed for collagen infiltration. Real-time RT-PCR was used to assess the pathological cardiac hypertrophy markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both resistance training and nandrolone induced cardiac hypertrophy. Nandrolone increased the cardiac collagen content, and reduced the cardiac index in non-trained and trained groups, when compared with the respective vehicle-treated groups. Nandrolone reduced the ratio of maximum early to late transmitral flow velocity in non-trained and trained groups, when compared with the respective vehicle-treated groups. Nandrolone reduced the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene expression in both non-trained and trained groups, when compared with the respective vehicle-treated groups. Training reduced the beta-myosin heavy chain gene expression in the groups treated with vehicle and nandrolone. Only the association between training and nandrolone increased the expression of the skeletal alpha-actin gene and atrial natriuretic peptide in the left ventricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicated that nandrolone, whether associated with resistance training or not, induces cardiac hypertrophy, which is associated with enhanced collagen content, re-expression of fetal genes the in left ventricle, and impaired diastolic and systolic function.
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Tanno
authors: Vander José
authors: VJ
authors: das Neves
authors: Kaleizu Teodoro
authors: KT
authors: Rosa
authors: Tatiana Sousa
authors: TS
authors: Cunha
authors: Fernanda Cristina Linarello
authors: FC
authors: Giordano
authors: Caroline Morini
authors: CM
authors: Calil
authors: Vinicius
authors: V
authors: Guzzoni
authors: Tiago
authors: T
authors: Fernandes
authors: Edilamar Menezes
authors: EM
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Pedro Duarte
authors: PD
authors: Novaes
authors: Maria Cláudia
authors: MC
authors: Irigoyen
authors: Maria José Costa Sampaio
authors: MJ
authors: Moura
authors: Fernanda Klein
authors: FK
authors: Marcondes
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004452:Echocardiography; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055070:Resistance Training; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D013739:Testosterone; D009277:Nandrolone; D003094:Collagen