title: Scutellarin benzyl ester partially secured the ischemic injury by its anti-apoptosis mechanism in cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effects of scutellarin benzyl ester on neonatal rats' cardiomyocytes injured by ischemia and its anti-apoptosis mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cardiomyocytes in primary culture were prepared from ventricular tissue of 1- to 3-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats and the cells in good condition were assigned to five groups: control group, ischemic model group and three scutellarin benzyl ester groups (doses of 100, 50 and 25μmol/L, respectively). The model of ischemic injury was established in the primary culture of cardiomyocytes under glucose-free anoxic condition. After ischemia for 6 h, the metabolic ability of the cells was detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the media was measured by biochemistry approaches. The nuclear damage was revealed by Hoechst-propidium iodide staining. The percentage of apoptotic cells was monitored by flow cytometry. The expression levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exposure to ischemic condition, the cell viability of the model group was degraded compared with that of the control group (P<0.01) and scutellarin benzyl ester (high and medium doses) could attenuate the loss of cell viability induced by ischemia (P<0.01 and P<0.05). In addition, each dose of scutellarin benzyl ester could significantly reduce the release of LDH from cardiomyocytes injured by ischemia (P<0.01). In morphology, the injured nuclei presented significant changes such as condensation of chromatin, and shrinkage and fragmentation of nuclei, which could be attenuated remarkably by pretreatment with scutellarin benzyl ester. Furthermore, scutellarin benzyl ester could significantly decrease the percentage of apoptosis induced by ischemia (P<0.01) and inhibit the increased expression levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins (<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scutellarin benzyl ester has a remarkable protective effect against myocardial ischemic injury and the protective mechanism may associate with its anti-apoptosis effect by inhibiting cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation.
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Dai
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Gu
authors: Ling-Zhi
authors: LZ
authors: Li
authors: Li-Mei
authors: LM
authors: Yang
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Jian-Yu
authors: JY
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D047309:Flavones; D005965:Glucuronates; D020719:Glucuronides; C517530:benzyl scutellarin; C484876:scutellarin; D047310:Apigenin; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3