title: Acetylcholine promotes the emergence and elongation of lateral roots of Raphanus sativus.
abstract: Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was grown on four layers of paper towel moistened with distilled water with and without acetylcholine (ACh) for five days in the dark after sowing. ACh at 1 nM promoted the growth (emergence and elongation) of lateral roots of radish plants, but had no effect on the stems and main roots. Moreover, ACh enhanced the dry weight of roots [main (primary) + lateral roots]. Neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) also promoted the emergence and elongation of lateral roots, and atropine, a competitive inhibitor of ACh receptor, suppressed the emergence and elongation. ACh suppressed the activity of AChE and increased the amount of proteins and pyridine nucleotides (NAD and NADH) in the roots of the seedlings. It also increased the activities of NAD-forming enzymes [NAD synthetase and ATP-nicotinamide mononucleotide (ATP-NMN) adenyltransferase], and enhanced the amount of DNA in the roots of the seedlings. The relationship between ACh and the emergence and growth of lateral roots was discussed from a biochemical viewpoint.
authors: Department of Complex Systems Science, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Kou-ichi
authors: K
authors: Sugiyama
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Tezuka
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D011725:Pyridines / Q000378:metabolism; D031224:Raphanus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; D009243:NAD; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine; C023666:pyridine