title: Antibiotic effects on bacterial profile in osteonecrosis of the jaw.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral infection is considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), and antibiotic therapy has become a mainstay of BRONJ therapy. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of antibiotics on bacterial diversity in BRONJ tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bacterial profile from soft tissues associated with the BRONJ lesion was determined using 16S rRNA-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. Twenty BRONJ subjects classified as stage 0-2 were enrolled in this study, and patient groups were divided into an antibiotic cohort (n=10) treated with systemic antibiotic and a non-antibiotic cohort (n=10) with no prior antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DGGE fingerprints indicated no significant differences in bacterial diversity of BRONJ tissue samples. Patients on antibiotics had higher relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes with bacterial species, Streptococcus intermedius, Lactobacillus gasseri, Mogibacterium timidum, and Solobacterium moorei, whereas patients without antibiotics had greater amounts of Parvimonas micra and Streptococcus anginosus. Thirty percent of bacterial populations were uncultured (yet-to be cultured) phylotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study using limited sample size indicated that oral antibiotic therapy may have a limited efficacy on the bacterial population associated with BRONJ lesions.
authors: Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, USA.
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Ji
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Pushalkar
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Glickman
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Fleisher
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044822:Biodiversity; D059266:Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058889:Molecular Typing / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000658:Amoxicillin; D013752:Tetracycline; D004318:Doxycycline