title: Immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be isolated from different adult tissues including bone marrow, adipose tissue, cord blood and placenta. MSCs modulate the immune function of the major immune cell populations involved in alloantigen recognition and elimination, including antigen presenting cells, T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. Many clinical trials are currently underway that employ MSCs to treat human immunological diseases. However, the molecular mechanism that mediates the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs is still unclear and the safety of using MSC in patient needs further confirmation. Here, we review the cytokines that activate MSCs and the soluble factors produced by MSCs, which allow them to exert their immunosuppressive effects. We review the mechanism responsible, at least in part, for the immune suppressive effects of MSCs and highlight areas of research required for a better understanding of MSC immune modulation.
authors: King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Mail Code 1515, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Abumaree
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al Jumah
authors: Rishika A
authors: RA
authors: Pace
authors: Bill
authors: B
authors: Kalionis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical