title: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies.
abstract: Studies on use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and risk of fracture have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis, which pooled results from 13 qualifying cohort and case-control studies, found that SSRIs were associated with a significantly increased risk of fractures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to assess whether people who take SSRIs are at an increased risk of fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies. Relevant studies published by February 2010 were identified through literature searches using MEDLINE (from 1966), EMBASE (from 1988), PsycINFO (from 1806), and manual searching of reference lists. Only cohort or case-control studies that examined the association of SSRIs and risk of fracture and bone loss were included. Data were abstracted independently by two investigators using a standardized protocol; disagreements were resolved by consensus. Random effects models were used for pooled analysis due to heterogeneity in the studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, SSRI use was associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture (relative risk, RR, 1.72; 95% CI [1.51, 1.95]; P < 0.001). An increased fracture risk associated with SSRIs also was observed in the three studies that adjusted for bone mineral density (RR, 1.70; 95% CI [1.28, 2.25]; P < 0.001) and in the four studies that adjusted for depression (RR 1.74; 95% CI [1.28, 2.36]; P < 0.001). SSRI use was not associated with bone loss in the two cohort studies of women (P = 0.29). The overall association between SSRI use and fracture risk was weaker (RR, 1.40; 95% CI [1.22, 1.61]), though still significant (P < 0.001) in analyses that accounted for apparent publication bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of SSRIs is associated with increased risk of fracture. The SSRIs may exert an increased risk of fracture independent of depression and bone mineral density.
authors: College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. wu.qing@mayo.edu
authors: Q
authors: Q
authors: Wu
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Bencaz
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Hentz
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Crowell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000139:chemically induced; D017594:Publication Bias; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors