title: Aerobic dive limit does not decline in an aging pinniped.
abstract: Apneustic hunters such as diving mammals exploit body oxygen stores while submerged; therefore, any decline in oxygen handling at advanced life stages could critically impair foraging ability. We calculated the aerobic dive limit (cADL = 17.9 ± 4.4  min SD) from blood and muscle oxygen stores and published metabolic rates of Weddell seals within (9-16 years, n = 24) and beyond peak-reproductive age (17-27 years, n = 26), to investigate (1) senescent constraints in apneustic hunting, and (2) whether mass or age primarily determines oxygen stores and ADL in older seals. We compared cADL with behavioral ADL from 5,275 free-ranging dives (bADL = 24.0 ± 5.3 min, n = 18 females). We observed no changes in Weddell seal oxygen stores, its determinants, or in ADLs late in life. Oxygen stores were better predicted by mass than age, consistent with published findings for young adults. Hematological panels (n = 6) were consistent across mass and age, though hematocrit (females > males, 6% elevation) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (females < males, 8% reduction) varied by sex. Whole blood viscosity was decreased with increasing mass in females and was higher than in males overall (+18%). This was largely due to elevated hematocrit in females, although plasma viscosity also varied under some conditions. Females had higher blood volume and elevated blood oxygen stores (vol% body mass), which did not translate into significantly higher cADL (18.1 vs. 17.1 min for males). Neither cADL nor bADL were mass- or age-dependent.
authors: Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA. allyson.hindle@ucdenver.edu
authors: Allyson G
authors: AG
authors: Hindle
authors: Jo-Ann E
authors: JA
authors: Mellish
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Horning
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001835:Body Weight; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D046048:Seals, Earless / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen