title: Deciphering fluorescence signals by quantifying separately the excitation intensity from the number of emitters.
abstract: Conventional fluorescence detection is sensitive to an intricate product of the number of fluorescent emitters times the local excitation intensity. Here, we describe a method to locally quantify the excitation intensity and the number of emitters separately, enabling a clear distinction between the phenomena responsible for a given fluorescence signal. Our technique is based on harmonic excitation modulation and higher-order fluorescence demodulation. It is compatible with a wide range of observations, opening new characterization routes for fluorescence detection or imaging on complex systems, such as plasmonic substrates or scattering media.
authors: Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Hostein
authors: Heykel
authors: H
authors: Aouani
authors: Hervé
authors: H
authors: Rigneault
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Wenger
mesh_terms: D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D055620:Optical Phenomena