title: A framework for the specificity of addictions.
abstract: Research over the last two decades suggests that a wide range of substance and behavioral addictions may serve similar functions. Yet, co-occurrence of addictions has only been reported among a minority of addicts. "Addiction specificity" pertains to a phenomenon in which one pattern of addictive behaviors may be acquired whereas another is not. This paper presents the PACE model as a framework which might help explain addiction specificity. Pragmatics, attraction, communication, and expectation (PACE) variables are described, which may help give some direction to future research needs in this arena.
authors: Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychology, University of Southern California, California 90032 CA, USA. ssussma@usc.edu
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Sussman
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Leventhal
authors: Ricky N
authors: RN
authors: Bluthenthal
authors: Marilyn
authors: M
authors: Freimuth
authors: Myriam
authors: M
authors: Forster
authors: Susan L
authors: SL
authors: Ames
mesh_terms: D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*