title: Ultrasonographic and laboratory markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) alters multiple ultrasonographic and laboratory markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in obese women without any other health condition that could interfere with combined oral contraceptive (COC) eligibility criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study evaluating 90 obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.0 kg/m(2) and < 40 kg/m(2)) aged between 18 and 40 years without any other health condition that could interfere with COC eligibility criteria, of whom 45 had PCOS and 45 were age-matched controls. BMI, waist and hip circumference, arterial blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index (FAI), carotid stiffness index, intima media thickness, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women with PCOS, we observed a higher frequency of NAFLD (73.3 vs. 46.7%, P < 0.01) and higher FAI (10.4 vs. 6.8%, P < 0.01). We also observed a trend towards increased insulin levels (10.06 ± 6.66 vs. 7.45 ± 5.88 µIU/mL, P = 0.05), decreased QUICKI (0.36 ± 0.06 vs. 0.39 ± 0.07, P = 0.05) and decreased FMD (7.00 ± 3.87 vs. 8.41 ± 3.79%, P = 0.08). No other significant difference was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAFLD is frequent in obese women without any other health condition that could interfere with COC eligibility criteria, especially in those with PCOS. This should be considered when choosing the best contraceptive option.
authors: Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors: L F N
authors: LF
authors: Zueff
authors: W P
authors: WP
authors: Martins
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Vieira
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Ferriani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D013739:Testosterone