title: Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to native aquatic species in the Yangtze River.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the literature is replete with studies of the toxic potency of pentachlorophenol (PCP), site-specific criteria for native aquatic species that can be used in ecological risk assessments has been lacking and application of toxicity information for non-native species is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, acute and chronic toxicities of PCP to six aquatic species native to the Yangtze River were determined. The HC₅ and HC₅₀ (hazardous concentration for 5% and 50% of species) were derived from dose-response curves for these native aquatic species and were then compared with those derived for non-native species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The acute toxicity values for the native species ranged from 8.8 × 10⁻² mg l⁻¹ (Plagiognathops microlepis) to 1.1 mg l⁻¹ (Soirodela polyrhiza), while chronic toxicity values based on no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) ranged from 0.01 mg l⁻¹ (Macrobrachium superbum) to 0.25 mg l⁻¹ (Soirodela polyrhiza). Native aquatic benthos was more sensitive to acute PCP exposure than non-native species. There was no significant difference in NOECs derived from native fish species and those based on non-native fish species. The median acute HC₅ and HC₅₀ derived from the toxicity data of native taxa were both less than those derived from non-native taxa. There was no significant difference between chronic HC₅s derived from the two sets of taxa. However, the median chronic HC₅₀ derived from native taxa was less than that derived from non-native taxa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study upon which we report here provides site-specific toxicity information developed for native species which can be used for the protection of local aquatic life from a common contaminant, PCP.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
authors: Xiaowei
authors: X
authors: Jin
authors: Jinmiao
authors: J
authors: Zha
authors: Yiping
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Giesy
authors: Zijian
authors: Z
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D049874:Corbicula / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004351:Drug Resistance; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010416:Pentachlorophenol