title: Association between depression and dry eye disease in an elderly population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A population-based cross-sectional study to investigate the association between depression and dry eye disease (DED) in a community-dwelling elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 657 Korean elders ≥ 65 years of age randomly selected from an official household registration database in Yongin, Korea. DED symptoms were assessed using the six-item Dry Eye Questionnaire. DED signs were evaluated using the Schirmer test, fluorescein stain score, tear film break-up time (BUT). Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K). The association between DED and depression was evaluated using logistic linear analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SGDS-K score correlated with the number of positive responses in the Dry Eye Questionnaire (r = 0.229, P < 0.001), but not with tear film break-up time (r = 0.041, P = 0.139) or Schirmer test score (r = 0.048, P = 0.642). In the binary logistic regression model, female sex (P = 0.014), residence in urban areas (P < 0.001), depression (P < 0.001), and Schirmer score of ≤ 5 mm (P = 0.035) were associated with the risk of DED. Depression was associated with the risk of DED (P < 0.001) in the patients with Schirmer score > 5 mm but not in those with Schirmer score ≤ 5 mm (P = 0.290).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was associated with DED symptoms in subjects with normal or mildly reduced tear production.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea.
authors: Ki Woong
authors: KW
authors: Kim
authors: Sang Beom
authors: SB
authors: Han
authors: Eun Ryung
authors: ER
authors: Han
authors: Se Joon
authors: SJ
authors: Woo
authors: Jung Jae
authors: JJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jong Chul
authors: JC
authors: Yoon
authors: Joon Young
authors: JY
authors: Hyon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires