title: Roles of Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide gated channel in plant innate immunity.
abstract: The increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) is a vital event in plant pathogen signaling cascades. Molecular components linking pathogen signal perception to cytosolic Ca(2+) increase have not been well characterized. Plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) play important roles in the pathogen signaling cascade, in terms of facilitating Ca(2+) uptake into the cytosol in response to pathogen and pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signals. Perception of pathogens leads to cyclic nucleotide production and the activation of CNGCs. The Ca(2+) signal is transduced through Ca(2+) sensors (Calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-like proteins (CMLs)), which regulates the production of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, roles of Ca(2+)/CaM interacting proteins such as CaM binding Protein (CBP) and CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs)) have been recently identified in the plant defense signaling cascade as well. Furthermore, Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been found to function as components in terms of transcriptional activation in response to a pathogen (PAMP) signal. Although evidence shows that Ca(2+) is an essential signaling component upstream from many vital signaling molecules (such as NO), some work also indicates that these downstream signaling components can also regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis. NO can induce cytosolic Ca(2+) increase (through activation of plasma membrane- and intracellular membrane-localized Ca(2+) channels) during pathogen signaling cascades. Thus, much work is needed to further elucidate the complexity of the plant pathogen signaling network in the future.
authors: Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. mawei@msu.edu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; D002118:Calcium