title: The anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of nebivolol and zofenopril in a model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
abstract: The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether nebivolol and zofenopril have protective effects against oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). There were seven groups of rats, with each containing eight rats. The groups were: the control group, I/R group, I/R plus zofenopril, I/R plus nebivolol, I/R plus nebivolol and zofenopril, zofenopril only and nebivolol only. Cerebral I/R was induced by clamping the bilateral common carotid artery and through hypotension. The rats were sacrificed 1h after ischemia, and histopathological and biochemical analyses were carried out on their brains. The total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using an automated and colorimetric measurement method developed by Erel. I/R produced a significant increase in the levels of total oxidant status and malondialdehyde levels, the number of caspase-3 immunopositive cells and activities of prolidase and paraoxonase in brain when compared with the control group (p<0.05). A significant decrease in brain total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were found in I/R group when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Both nebivolol and zofenopril treatment prevented decreasing of the total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels, produced by I/R in the brain (p<0.05). Both nebivolol and zofenopril treatment prevented the total oxidant status, malondialdehyde levels, activities of paraoxonase and prolidase from increasing in brains of rats exposed to I/R (p<0.05). In conclusion, both nebivolol and zofenopril protected rats from ischemia-induced brain injury. The protection may be due to the indirect prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
authors: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. ertuzar@yahoo.com
authors: Ertuğrul
authors: E
authors: Uzar
authors: Abdullah
authors: A
authors: Acar
authors: Osman
authors: O
authors: Evliyaoğlu
authors: Uğur
authors: U
authors: Fırat
authors: Kağan
authors: K
authors: Kamasak
authors: Cüneyt
authors: C
authors: Göçmez
authors: Harun
authors: H
authors: Alp
authors: Adnan
authors: A
authors: Tüfek
authors: Nebahat
authors: N
authors: Taşdemir
authors: Atilla
authors: A
authors: Ilhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002216:Captopril / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000068577:Nebivolol; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D004983:Ethanolamines; D016877:Oxidants; D000068577:Nebivolol; C044958:zofenopril; D002216:Captopril