title: Influence of common cardiac drugs on gastroesophageal reflux disease: multicenter questionnaire survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causes noncardiac chest pain mimicking angina pectoris, systemic studies surveying the effects of common cardiac drugs on symptomatic GERD are rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the drugrelated GERD, this multicenter trial enrolled 201 consecutive cardiac outpatients (69.7 ± 10.5 y) after obtaining written informed consent. They were assessed using the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD (F-scale) to screen for GERD with a cut-off value of 8.0. Clinical background was obtained from medical records. Gastric medicine was empirically administered at the discretion of the attending physician. F-scale score and incidence of GERD were analyzed individually in relation to background and prescription.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average F-scale score did not correlate with gender, age or underlying diseases. F-scale score was elevated significantly (p = 0.006) by administration of calcium channel blockers to the patients treated with gastric medicine, suggesting that calcium channel blockers exacerbate the possibly preexisting GERD. Incidence of GERD within 2 months after starting warfarin tended to be greater than that at other durations (p = 0.087). Patients showing a high score (≥ 8.0) suggestive of GERD showed a correlation with the combined administration of calcium channel blockers (OR = 3.19; 95% CI of 1.01 - 10.11; p = 0.049) and warfarin (OR = 3.05; 95% CI of 1.00 - 9.27; p = 0.049) in the best logistic model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although larger cohort is required, this survey demonstrates that the combination of calcium channel blockers and warfarin is an independent risk factor for GERD.
authors: Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Nakaji
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fujihara
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fukata
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yasuda
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Odashiro
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Maruyama
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Akashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014859:Warfarin