title: Vanin-1: a potential biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury.
abstract: Because traditional markers for detecting renal injury are generally insensitive and nonspecific, we tried to identify some useful biomarkers. Microarray analyses and quantitative real-time PCR using human renal tubular cells showed that the mRNA expression of VNN-1 which encodes vanin-1, increased after the exposure of these cells to organic solvents (allyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, chloroform, and phenol) for 24h. The mRNA levels of other inflammation-related molecules such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) also increased after the exposure to organic solvents, although their elevations were slower than that of vanin-1. In rats treated with ethylene glycol for 3 weeks, tubular injury was detected by histological examination, but not by traditional biomarkers including serum creatinine and urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The mRNA levels of vanin-1 and Kim-1, but not MCP-1, significantly elevated in the renal cortices of ethylene glycol-exposed rats. On immunofluorescence analyses, vanin-1 signal was detected specifically in the renal tubules with a remarkable expression in the ethylene glycol-treated rats. As a result, compared with control group, higher urinary and serum concentrations of vanin-1 were observed in the ethylene glycol-treated group. These results suggest that vanin-1 is a useful and rapid biomarker for renal tubular injury induced by organic solvents.
authors: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Hosohata
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Ando
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Akio
authors: A
authors: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D012997:Solvents; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C022314:pantetheinase