title: The synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of the combination of sodium ferulate and oxymatrine and its modulation on inflammation-associated mediators in RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of Radix Angelicae sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Radix Sophora flavescens Ait. was extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases, such as acne, heart disease, and hepatitis. Sodium ferulate (SF) and oxymatrine (OMT) were effective component of Radix Angelicae sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Radix Sophora flavescens Ait., respectively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of the combination of SF and OMT, and its modulation on inflammation-associated mediators in RAW 264.7 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo, the anti-inflammatory effects of the combination of SF and OMT were evaluated with the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. In vitro, chemokines and cytokines mRNA expressions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells were determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) microarray analysis. The levels of interleukin-11 (IL-11), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interferon-γ (INF-γ) in the supernatant of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of SF and OMT could significantly inhibit the edema in the xylene-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, but no effect was found when each drug was used alone according to above doses. The combination exhibited a better effect in down-regulating mRNA expressions of inflammation-associated mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells than SF or OMT alone. The ELISA results showed that the combination synergistically inhibited LPS-induced IL-11, CRP and INF-γ production in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of SF and OMT showed synergistic anti-inflammatory effect, and the activity was probably related to its modulation on inflammation-associated mediators, especially IL-11, CRP and INF-γ.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, No 30, Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong, China.
authors: Xiaopei
authors: X
authors: Yuan
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Ningshu
authors: N
authors: Miao
authors: Shuyu
authors: S
authors: Sun
authors: Yuyun
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Hu
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Yuan
authors: Mingbo
authors: M
authors: Xu
authors: Zhifeng
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029971:Angelica sinensis; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029909:Sophora; D014992:Xylenes; D000093842:Matrines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002351:Carrageenan; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017370:Interleukin-11; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011807:Quinolizines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014992:Xylenes; C037573:oxymatrine; D000093842:Matrines; C004999:ferulic acid