title: What is the impact of cervical invasion on lymph node metastasis in patients with stage IIIC endometrial cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of cervical invasion has altered the site of lymph node (LN) metastasis in stage IIIC endometrial cancer (EC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourty-six patients who had systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy surgery for EC and staged as IIIC were included in the study. Patients with cervical invasion were defined as Group A and patients without cervical invasion were defined as Group B. The groups were compared according to surgical-pathologic characteristics. Chi-square and Annova table test were used to examine the effect of cervical invasion on LN metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 59 years (range 38-81) and tumor size was 47 mm (range 10-80). Twenty-three patients had cervical involvement (Group A) and 23 had no cervical metastasis (Group B). Groups were not different with regard to cell type, grade, depth of myometrial invasion, tumor size, adnexal involvement, peritoneal metastasis and lymphovascular space invasion. Among 46 patients obturator LN was the most involved site of LN metastasis, however, when there is cervical metastasis external iliac LN was found to be the most involved LN site. Patients without cervical invasion had 21.7% of external iliac LN metastasis while patients with cervical invasion had 60.9% of external iliac LN metastasis. Also, cervical invasion has increased the risk of pelvic LN and obturator LN involvement from 82.6 to 95.7% and 39.1 to 52.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cervical invasion may have an effect on lymphatic spread and change the site of metastatic LNs. Large prospective studies are needed to clarify the alteration of LN metastasis in cervix invaded EC patients.
authors: Gynecologic Oncology Division, Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Research and Teaching Hospital, Etlik Street, Kecioren, 06010 Ankara, Turkey. turantaner@yahoo.com
authors: Taner
authors: T
authors: Turan
authors: Deniz
authors: D
authors: Hızlı
authors: Saynur Sarici
authors: SS
authors: Yılmaz
authors: Burcu
authors: B
authors: Gundogdu
authors: Nurettin
authors: N
authors: Boran
authors: Gokhan
authors: G
authors: Tulunay
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Ozfuttu
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Faruk Kose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010388:Pelvis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology