title: Plasma cytokines, glomerular filtration rate and adipose tissue cytokines gene expression in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic inflammation is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity represents a major risk factor for CKD. We investigated the relationship between plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 75 stage 2-5 CKD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied the steady-state relationship between plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) gene expression of the same cytokines in 19 patients and in 17 well-matched healthy subjects (HS) and compared SAT gene expression of these cytokines and of two additional cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) in CKD patients and in HS. Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in CKD patients than in HS (P < 0.001). IL-6 was similarly increased in patients with mild, moderate and severe CKD and largely independent of the GFR (r = -0.03, P = NS). TNF-α was inversely related to GFR, which was the first factor in rank (β = -0.37, P = 0.001) explaining the variability in TNF-α in CKD. SAT messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL- β and IL-8 were similar in CKD patients and in HS. Plasma and SAT mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α levels were largely unrelated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma IL-6 rises early in CKD and does not show any further increase at more severe stages of CKD, whereas TNF-α is inversely associated with the GFR indicating a substantial difference in the dynamics of the relationship between these cytokines and renal function. Cytokines are not overexpressed in SAT in these patients, and circulating IL-6 and TNF-α are dissociated from the corresponding mRNA levels in SAT, both in CKD patients and in HS.
authors: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IBIM Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Spoto
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Leonardis
authors: R M
authors: RM
authors: Parlongo
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Pizzini
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pisano
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Cutrupi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Testa
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tripepi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Zoccali
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Mallamaci
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha