title: Biosynthesis of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase by the free and immobilized cells of Bacillus cereus NRC7 in batch and continuous cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to enhance the production of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) produced by a local isolate Bacillus cereus NRC7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In batch culture, maximal CGTase activity (69·0 U ml(-1)) was reached after 24-h incubation period. In continuous production of CGTase by the free cells of B. cereus NRC7, maximal reactor productivity (11·76 KU l(-1) h(-1)), with enzyme concentration of 49·0 U ml(-1) and specific productivity of 904·6 U per g wet cells per h, was attained at dilution rate of 0·24 h(-1), over a period of 640 h. Bacillus cereus NRC7 cells were immobilized on chitosan. The immobilization conditions with respect to matrix concentration and maximal cell loading were optimized for maximal CGTase production. In repeated batch operation, the activity of the immobilized cells was stable during ten cycles and the activity remained between 51 and 55 U ml(-1). In packed-bed reactor, the immobilized cells showed maximal productivity (27·18 KU l(-1) h(-1)) with enzyme concentration of 54·63 U ml(-1) and specific productivity of 151·89 U per g wet cells per h at dilution rate of 0·5 h(-1). The half-life of the immobilized cells was higher than 20 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous fermentation by the immobilized cells in packed-bed reactor is an appropriate potential technique for B. cereus NRC7 CGTase production that gave maximum productivity (27·18 KU l(-1) h(-1)), which was 9·47-, 2·31-, 12·24- and 12·94-fold higher than the free cells in batch, free cells in continuous, immobilized cells in batch and repeated batch cultures, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study that evaluates CGTase productivity, in different fermentation modes, in terms of specific productivity (U per gram cells per h). In continuous fermentation by immobilized cells, maximal levels of CGTase productivity are higher than the previously reported values.
authors: Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. mabdel_2010@yahoo.com
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Abdel-Naby
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: El-Refai
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: Abdel-Fattah
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000378:metabolism*; D061249:Batch Cell Culture Techniques; D018533:Biomass; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D048271:Chitosan; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007218:Industrial Microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D048271:Chitosan; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C019963:cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase