title: Irsogladine maleate regulates epithelial barrier function in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated human gingival epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As epithelial cells function as a mechanical barrier, the permeability of the gingival epithelial cell layer indicates a defensive capability against invasion by periodontal pathogens. We have reported the expression of claudin-1 and E-cadherin, key regulators of permeability, in the gingival junctional epithelium. Irsogladine maleate (IM) is a medication for gastric ulcers and also regulates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-stimuated chemokine secretion and E-cadherin expression in gingival epithelium. In this study, we have further investigated the effects of IM on the barrier functions of gingival epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the permeability, and the expression of claudin-1 and E-cadherin, in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, with or without IM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-α increased the permeability of HGECs, and IM abolished the increase. TNF-α reduced the expression of E-cadherin in HGECs, and IM reversed the reduction. In addition, immunofluorescence staining showed that TNF-α disrupted claudin-1 expression in HGECs, and IM reversed this effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that IM reverses the TNF-α-induced disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier by regulating E-cadherin and claudin-1.
authors: Department of Periodontal Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. tfuji@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Fujita
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Yumoto
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Shiba
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ouhara
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Miyagawa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nagahara
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Matsuda
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Matsuo
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Murakami
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kurihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D062445:Claudin-1; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C568108:CLDN1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D062445:Claudin-1; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D014227:Triazines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C041836:irsogladine; D019793:Fluorescein