title: Spoligotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from patients residents of 11 states of Brazil.
abstract: One of the high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries in the world, Brazil is characterized by considerable differences in TB incidence on regional and state level. In the present study, we describe Brazilian spoligotypes of 1991 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) clinical isolates from patients residents of 11 states from different regions of the country, diagnosed between 1996 and 2005. By performing spoligotyping on a large number of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, one of the main objectives of this study was to determine the major genotype families causing TB in Brazil and to verify the region-associated genotype distribution. We observed a total of 577 distinct spoligopatterns, 12.6% of these corresponded to orphan patterns while 87.4% belonged to 326 shared-types (SITs). Among the latter, 86 SITs (isolated from 178 patients) had been observed for the first time in this study, the most frequent being SIT2517 which belonged to the T3-ETH lineage and was exclusively found among patients residents of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará (n=8 isolates). Irrespective of shared-type labeling, a total of 19.5% strains were unique (unclustered) in our study as opposed to 80.5% clustered isolates (189 clusters, size range from 2 to 205 isolates). The three largest clusters were SIT42 of the Latin-America & Mediterranean (LAM) 9 clade (10.3%), SIT53 of the T clade (7.6%), and SIT50 of the Haarlem clade (5.4%). The predominant MTC lineages in Brazil in decreasing order belonged to the LAM (46%); the ill-defined T (18.6%); the Haarlem (12.2%), the X (4.7%), the S (1.9%), and the East African Indian (EAI) (0.85%) families. The rest of clades grouped together as Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis, Beijing, Central Asian (CAS), and the Manu types, represented less than 1% of the strains. Finally, about 15% of the isolates showed spoligotype signatures that were not yet classified among well-defined lineages. In conclusion, we provide hereby a first insight into the population structure of MTC isolates in Brazil, showing the predominance of both LAM and T family and the existence of region-associated genotypes.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Mycobacteria, Dept. Mycobacteriosis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Harrison Magdinier
authors: HM
authors: Gomes
authors: Atina Ribeiro
authors: AR
authors: Elias
authors: Maranibia Aparecida Cardoso
authors: MA
authors: Oelemann
authors: Márcia Aparecida da Silva
authors: MA
authors: Pereira
authors: Fátima Fandinho Onofre
authors: FF
authors: Montes
authors: Ana Grazia
authors: AG
authors: Marsico
authors: Afrânio Lineu
authors: AL
authors: Kritski
authors: Luciano dos Anjos
authors: Ldos A
authors: Filho
authors: Paulo C
authors: PC
authors: Caldas
authors: Lia Gonçalves
authors: LG
authors: Possuelo
authors: Patrícia
authors: P
authors: Cafrune
authors: Maria Lúcia
authors: ML
authors: Rossetti
authors: Norma
authors: N
authors: Lucena
authors: Maria Helena Feres
authors: MH
authors: Saad
authors: Hebe Rodrigues
authors: HR
authors: Cavalcanti
authors: Clarisse Queico Fujimura
authors: CQ
authors: Leite
authors: Rossana Coimbra
authors: RC
authors: de Brito
authors: Maria Luiza
authors: ML
authors: Lopes
authors: Karla
authors: K
authors: Lima
authors: Maisa
authors: M
authors: Souza
authors: Rita de Cássia
authors: Rde C
authors: Trindade
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Zozio
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Sola
authors: Nalin
authors: N
authors: Rastogi
authors: Philip Noel
authors: PN
authors: Suffys
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology