title: Hormonal induction of endometrial receptivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and synthesize information from the scientific literature pertaining to the hormonal induction of endometrial receptivity before ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critical review of selected scientific literature, synthesis and formulation of opinion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective recipients of oocyte donation or candidates for frozen embryo transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hormonal treatment for the purpose of induction of endometrial receptivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Successful induction of endometrial receptivity, as substantiated by live birth rates, pregnancy rates, implantation rates or by measuring putative markers of endometrial receptivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The practice of assisted reproductive technology, particularly third-party parenting, in which the source of oocytes is separated from the endometrium, has allowed a separate assessment of embryo and endometrial development. Endometrial receptivity can be induced by exogenously administered E(2) and P in a variety of regimens. The degree of synchrony between embryo and endometrium influences the probability of embryo implantation and may be controlled by initiating P stimulation at different times relative to the stage of embryo development. Many substances have been investigated as adjuncts to E(2) and P in the induction of endometrial receptivity, but at the present time, their value is unproven.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen and P are the only hormones necessary to prepare the endometrium for implantation.
authors: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. RPaulson@USC.edu
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Paulson
mesh_terms: D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018587:Oocyte Donation / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol