title: Age-specific differences in outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) for various pediatric age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, population-based, observational study included all emergency medical service-treated OHCAs in Osaka, Japan, between 1999 and 2006 (excluding 2004). Patients were grouped as adults (>17 years), infants (<1 year), younger children (1-4 years), older children (5-12 years), and adolescents (13-17 years). The primary outcome measure was 1-month survival with favorable neurologic outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 950 pediatric OHCAs, resuscitations were attempted for 875 patients (92%; 347 infants, 203 younger children, 135 older children, and 190 adolescents). The overall incidence of nontraumatic pediatric OHCAs was 7.3 cases per 100 000 person-years, compared with 64.7 cases per 100 000 person-years for adults and 65.5 cases per 100 000 person-years for infants. Most infant OHCAs occurred in homes (93%) and were not witnessed (90%). Adolescent OHCAs often occurred outside the home (45%), were witnessed by bystanders (37%), and had shockable rhythms (18%). One-month survival was more common after nontraumatic pediatric OHCAs than adult OHCAs (8% [56 of 740 patients] vs 5% [1677 of 33 091 patients]; adjusted odds ratio: 2.26 [95% confidence interval: 1.63-3.13]). One-month survival with favorable neurologic outcome was more common among children than adults (3% [21 of 740 patients] vs 2% [648 of 33 091 patients]; adjusted odds ratio: 2.46 [95% confidence interval: 1.45-4.18]). Rates of 1-month survival with favorable neurologic outcome were 1% for infants, 2% for younger children, 2% for older children, and 11% for adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival and favorable neurologic outcome at 1 month were more common after pediatric OHCAs than adult OHCAs.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan. nittam@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp
authors: Masahiko
authors: M
authors: Nitta
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Iwami
authors: Tetsuhisa
authors: T
authors: Kitamura
authors: Vinay M
authors: VM
authors: Nadkarni
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Berg
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Shimizu
authors: Kunio
authors: K
authors: Ohta
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Nishiuchi
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Hayashi
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Hiraide
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Tamai
authors: Masanao
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Morita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003128:Coma / Q000209:etiology; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult