title: Correlation of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor with TNM staging, histopathologic grading, and surgical therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients before and after surgical therapy, to compare these values with those of healthy individuals using ELISA, and to evaluate if any correlation existed between vascular endothelial growth factor levels and TNM stage or histolopathologic grade of the tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included three groups: group A1 consisted of 31 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients who had not received any prior treatment; group A2 consisted of the same 31 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients who had undergone radical surgical excision 1 month prior but no adjuvant therapy; and group B (control group) consisted of 16 healthy individuals. The serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were assessed using the ELISA kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vascular endothelial growth factor levels of preoperative oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were found to be three times higher than those of controls, and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The postoperative vascular endothelial growth factor levels had decreased 1 month after surgery but did not decrease to baseline levels. The vascular endothelial growth factor levels increased progressively with the TNM stage and histologic grade of tumor, but no definite correlation between the two could be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important marker of angiogenesis, as the vascular endothelial growth factor levels of the oral squamous cell carcinoma groups remained significantly elevated compared to that of controls. Though no significant difference was found between the pre- and postoperative oral squamous cell carcinoma groups, it can be suggested that successful treatment may reduce serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels if the time period of postoperative sample collection is increased. Only then can the utility of vascular endothelial growth factor as marker for assessing the effectiveness of surgical therapy or as a prognostic indicator be commented upon.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Aurobindo Dental College, Indore (M.P.), India. drshradhajaiswal@gmail.com
authors: Shradha G
authors: SG
authors: Jaiswal
authors: Amol R
authors: AR
authors: Gadbail
authors: Minal S
authors: MS
authors: Chaudhary
authors: Gagan R
authors: GR
authors: Jaiswal
authors: Madhuri
authors: M
authors: Gawande
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A