title: Signal-inducing bone cements for MRI-guided spinal cementoplasty: evaluation of contrast-agent-based polymethylmethacrylate cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work is to evaluate two signal-inducing bone cements for MRI-guided spinal cementoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bone cements were made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA, 5 ml monomeric, 12 g polymeric) and gadoterate meglumine as a contrast agent (CA, 0-40 μl) with either saline solution (NaCl, 2-4 ml) or hydroxyapatite bone substitute (HA, 2-4 ml). The cement's signal was assessed in an open 1-Tesla MR scanner, with T1W TSE and fast interventional T1W TSE pulse sequences, and the ideal amount of each component was determined. The compressive and bending strength for different amounts of NaCl and HA were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cement's MRI signal depended on the concentration of CA, the amount of NaCl or HA, and the pulse sequence. The signal peaks were recorded between 1 and 10 μl CA per ml NaCl or HA, and were higher in fast T1W TSE than in T1W TSE images. The NaCl-PMMA-CA cements had a greater MRI signal intensity and compressive strength; the HA-PMMA-CA cements had a superior bending strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concerning the MR signal and biomechanical properties, these cements would permit MRI-guided cementoplasty. Due to its higher signal and greater compressive strength, the NaCl-PMMA-CA compound appears to be superior to the HA-PMMA-CA compound.
authors: Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. hermann.bail@charite.de
authors: Hermann Josef
authors: HJ
authors: Bail
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Sattig
authors: Serafim
authors: S
authors: Tsitsilonis
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Papanikolaou
authors: Ulf Karl Mart
authors: UK
authors: Teichgräber
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Wichlas
mesh_terms: D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D054854:Vertebroplasty / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C072417:gadoterate meglumine