title: Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce modification in the lipid composition and the prostaglandin production of the conjunctival epithelium cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to evaluate whether polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), as found in the diet, may affect the lipid composition of conjunctival epithelium and whether these modifications affect prostaglandin (PG) production after inflammatory stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chang and IOBA-NHC conjunctival human cells were treated with GLA and/or EPA at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 μg/ml for 72 h and then were stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for 48 h. Changes in the composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids were monitored by gas chromatography. PGE1 and PGE2 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PUFA supplementations in the culture medium induced incorporation of these fatty acids and of their metabolites in neutral lipids and phospholipids of the conjunctival cells. The fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids was not affected by stimulation with IFN-γ. The production of PGE1 and PGE2 was affected by GLA supplementation whereas it was not modified by EPA supplementation. A combined supplementation of EPA and GLA did not change the production of PGE1 but decreased the production of PGE2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that modulation of fatty acid composition and PG production by PUFA supplementation is possible in the conjunctival epithelium, which is an important site of inflammation in dry eye syndrome.
authors: UMR CSGA 1324 INRA--6265 CNRS--Université de Bourgogne--AgroSup Dijon, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, 21000 Dijon, France.
authors: Sabrina
authors: S
authors: Viau
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Leclère
authors: Bénédicte
authors: B
authors: Buteau
authors: Stéphane
authors: S
authors: Grégoire
authors: Niyazi
authors: N
authors: Acar
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Bron
authors: Catherine P
authors: CP
authors: Creuzot-Garcher
authors: Lionel
authors: L
authors: Bretillon
authors: Corinne
authors: C
authors: Joffre
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010743:Phospholipids; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D000527:Alprostadil; D015232:Dinoprostone