title: The effects of a supplemental, theory-based physical activity counseling intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This pilot investigation explores the effects of a standard diabetes education program compared with a supplemental PA intervention on diabetes-related health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a prospective 2-armed design, 96 adults with T2DM were randomly assigned to either standard care (diabetes education program; n = 49) or standard care supplemented with an 8-week, individualized-counseling and community-based PA component (n = 47). Measurements were taken at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcomes were changes in PA (self-report) and HbA1c. Between group changes were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and changes over time using repeated-measures ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with standard care, the supplemental group demonstrated an increase in PA (Ps < 0.01) and cardiorespiratory fitness (Ps < 0.05) from baseline to all follow-up time-points. HbA1c levels declined (P < .05) from baseline to all time points in the standard care group. Reduction in cholesterol-ratio (P < .01), increase in HDL (P < .05), and reductions in blood pressure, resting heart rate and BMI (approaching statistical significance Ps < 0.10) were also reported for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PA counseling in addition to standard care is effective for promoting PA behavior change and positive health-related outcomes among individuals with T2DM.
authors: Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Alberta Centre for Active Living, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Ronald C
authors: RC
authors: Plotnikoff
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Pickering
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Glenn
authors: Sandra L
authors: SL
authors: Doze
authors: Melissa L
authors: ML
authors: Reinbold-Matthews
authors: Laura J
authors: LJ
authors: McLeod
authors: David C W
authors: DC
authors: Lau
authors: Gordon H
authors: GH
authors: Fick
authors: Steven T
authors: ST
authors: Johnson
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Flaman
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010809:Physical Fitness; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin