title: Differential resistance and cross-resistance to three phenylpyrazole insecticides in the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).
abstract: Cross-resistance to two fipronil analogs, butene-fipronil and ethiprole, was detected in fipronil-resistant field populations and a resistant laboratory strain of the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), although the two analogs have not been used widely in rice-growing areas in China. The results showed that six field populations with 23.8-43.3-fold resistance to fipronil had reached a higher level of cross-resistance to ethiprole (resistance ratio [RR] = 47.1-100.9-fold) and had a minor level of cross-resistance (RR = 3.4- 8.1-fold) to butene-fipronil. After 10 generations of selection, the RR to fipronil increased from 7.3-fold to 41.3-fold. At the same time, the insect increased cross-RR to ethiprole from 16.3-fold to 65.6-fold, whereas it had only minor increase in cross-resistance to butene-fipronil from 2.8-fold to 4.0-fold. These results confirmed that fipronil-resistant N. lugens could develop a higher level of cross-resistance to ethiprole, although it still maintained a lower level cross-resistance to butene-fipronil. Our data suggest that ethiprole is not a suitable alternative for controlling N. lugens, once the insect has developed a high level resistance to fipronil. Further investigation is necessary to understand the cross-resistance mechanisms in N. lugens.
authors: Pesticide Science Department and Plant Protection College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors: Xinghua
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Zuoping
authors: Z
authors: Ning
authors: Yueping
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: Jinliang
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Jianya
authors: J
authors: Su
authors: Congfen
authors: C
authors: Gao
authors: Yu Cheng
authors: YC
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011720:Pyrazoles
chemical_list: C561658:1-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-5-(2-methylamino)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; C472185:ethiprole; C082360:fipronil