title: Emerging GLP-1 receptor agonists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have become available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. These agents exploit the physiological effects of GLP-1, which is able to address several of the pathophysiological features of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1R agonists presently available are administered once or twice daily, but several once-weekly GLP-1R agonists are in late clinical development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present review aims to give an overview of the clinical data on the currently available GLP-1R agonists used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, exenatide and liraglutide, as well as the emerging GLP-1R agonists including the long-acting compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An emerging therapeutic trend toward initial or early combination therapy with metformin- and incretin-based therapy is anticipated for patients with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1-based therapy has so far proven safe and tolerable. The determination of which incretin-based therapy to choose necessitates comparisons between the various GLP-1R agonists. The available GLP-1R agonists cause sustained weight loss and clinical relevant improvement of glycemic control. The long-acting GLP-1R agonists in late development may improve the effects of GLP-1 even further with optimized pharmacokinetic profiles resulting in fewer side effects. Meta-analyses have shown promising effects on cardiovascular disease and data from ongoing multicenter trials with cardiovascular endpoints are expected in 2015.
authors: Diabetes Research Division , Department of Internal Medicine F, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
authors: Asger
authors: A
authors: Lund
authors: Filip K
authors: FK
authors: Knop
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Vilsbøll
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide