title: Alcohol-fermented soybean increases the expression of receptor-interacting protein 2 and IκB kinase β in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: Soybean is a useful component of traditional Korean medicine with well-documented health-promoting effects. We investigated the effects of alcohol-fermented soybean (AFS) on immune function. When AFS treatment was used in combination with recombinant interferon-γ (rIFN-γ), there was a marked cooperative induction of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. AFS increased the expression of inducible NO synthase mRNA and protein in rIFN-γ-primed macrophages. Treating macrophages with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), decreased the synergistic effects of AFS. In addition, AFS in combination with rIFN-γ increased the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase. However, AFS had no effect on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by itself. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 or the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the AFS-induced NO and TNF-α production. When AFS was used in combination with rIFN-γ, there was a co-operative activation of NF-κB and receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2)/IκB kinase (IKK)-β. Our results indicate that AFS increases the production of NO and TNF-α through the activation of Rip2/IKK-β in rIFN-γ-primed macrophages.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. hmkim@khu.ac.kr
authors: Hong-Kun
authors: HK
authors: Rim
authors: Kyu-Yeob
authors: KY
authors: Kim
authors: Jae-Gyu
authors: JG
authors: Ryu
authors: Young-Hoon
authors: YH
authors: Song
authors: Hong-Hee
authors: HH
authors: Kim
authors: Jong-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Han
authors: Hyun-Ja
authors: HJ
authors: Jeong
authors: Hyung-Min
authors: HM
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000378:metabolism; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism*; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D053475:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinase 2; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C506255:Ripk2 protein, mouse; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases