title: Cardiovascular disease among hispanics and non-hispanics in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States. The leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet little is known about its prevalence among Hispanics with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted cross-sectional analyses of prevalent self-reported clinical and subclinical measures of CVD among 497 Hispanics, 1638 non-Hispanic Caucasians, and 1650 non-Hispanic African Americans, aged 21 to 74 years, with mild-to-moderate CKD at enrollment in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and Hispanic CRIC (HCRIC) studies. Measures of subclinical CVD included left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and ankle-brachial index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-reported coronary heart disease (CHD) was lower in Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians (18% versus 23%, P = 0.02). Compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians, Hispanics had a lower prevalence of CAC >100 (41% versus 34%, P = 0.03) and CAC >400 (26% versus 19%, P = 0.02). However, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, these differences were no longer significant. In adjusted analyses, Hispanics had a higher odds of LVH compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.17, P = 0.005), and a higher odds of CAC >400 compared with non-Hispanic African Americans (odds ratio, 2.49, 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 5.58, P = 0.03). Hispanic ethnicity was not independently associated with any other CVD measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalent LVH was more common among Hispanics than non-Hispanic Caucasians, and elevated CAC score was more common among Hispanics than non-Hispanic African Americans. Understanding reasons for these racial/ethnic differences and their association with long-term clinical outcomes is needed.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: Ana C
authors: AC
authors: Ricardo
authors: James P
authors: JP
authors: Lash
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Fischer
authors: Claudia M
authors: CM
authors: Lora
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Budoff
authors: Martin G
authors: MG
authors: Keane
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Kusek
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Martinez
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Nessel
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Stamos
authors: Akinlolu
authors: A
authors: Ojo
authors: Mahboob
authors: M
authors: Rahman
authors: Elsayed Z
authors: EZ
authors: Soliman
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Yang
authors: Harold I
authors: HI
authors: Feldman
authors: Alan S
authors: AS
authors: Go
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors