title: Modulation of dendritic cells and toll-like receptors by marathon running.
abstract: The focus of this study was to assess exercise-induced alterations of circulating dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations and toll-like receptor (TLR) expression after marathon running. Blood sampling was performed in 15 obese non-elite (ONE), 16 lean non-elite (LNE) and 16 lean elite (LE) marathon runners pre- and post-marathon as well as 24 h after the race. Circulating DC-fractions were measured by flow-cytometry analyzing myeloid DCs (BDCA-1+) and plasmacytoid DCs (BDCA-2+). We further analyzed the (TLR) -2/-4/-7 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (rt-PCR/Western Blot) and the cytokines CRP, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and oxLDL by ELISA. After the marathon, BDCA-1 increased significantly in all groups [LE (pre/post): 0.35/0.47%; LNE: 0.26/0.50% and ONE: 0.30/0.49%; all p < 0.05]. In contrast, we found a significant decrease for BDCA-2 directly after the marathon (LE: 0.09/0.01%; LNE: 0.12/0.03% and ONE: 0.10/0.02%; all p < 0.05). Levels of TLR-7 mRNA decreased in all groups post-marathon (LE 44%, LNE 67% and ONE 52%; all p < 0.01), with a consecutive protein reduction (LE 31%, LNE 52%, ONE 42%; all p < 0.05) 24 h later. IL-6 and IL-10 levels increased immediately after the run, whereas increases of TNF-α and CRP-levels were seen after 24 h. oxLDL levels remained unchanged post-marathon. In our study population, we did not find any relevant differences regarding training level or body weight. Prolonged endurance exercise induces both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, may help to prevent excessive oxidative stress. Marathon running is associated with alterations of DC subsets and TLR-expression independent of training level or body weight. Myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs are differently affected by the excessive physical stress. Immunomodulatory mechanisms seem to play a key role in the response and adaptation to acute excessive exercise.
authors: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. tsnickel@web.de
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Nickel
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Emslander
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Sisic
authors: R
authors: R
authors: David
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Schmaderer
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Marx
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Schmidt-Trucksäss
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hoster
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Halle
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Weis
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hanssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein