title: Verbal serial list learning in mild cognitive impairment: a profile analysis of interference, forgetting, and errors.
abstract: Using cluster analysis Libon et al. (2010) found three verbal serial list-learning profiles involving delay memory test performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Amnesic MCI (aMCI) patients presented with low scores on delay free recall and recognition tests; mixed MCI (mxMCI) patients scored higher on recognition compared to delay free recall tests; and dysexecutive MCI (dMCI) patients generated relatively intact scores on both delay test conditions. The aim of the current research was to further characterize memory impairment in MCI by examining forgetting/savings, interference from a competing word list, intrusion errors/perseverations, intrusion word frequency, and recognition foils in these three statistically determined MCI groups compared to normal control (NC) participants. The aMCI patients exhibited little savings, generated more highly prototypic intrusion errors, and displayed indiscriminate responding to delayed recognition foils. The mxMCI patients exhibited higher saving scores, fewer and less prototypic intrusion errors, and selectively endorsed recognition foils from the interference list. dMCI patients also selectively endorsed recognition foils from the interference list but performed similarly compared to NC participants. These data suggest the existence of distinct memory impairments in MCI and caution against the routine use of a single memory test score to operationally define MCI.
authors: Department of Neurology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia,PA 19013, USA. dlibon@drexelmed.edu
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Libon
authors: Mark W
authors: MW
authors: Bondi
authors: Catherine C
authors: CC
authors: Price
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Lamar
authors: Joel
authors: J
authors: Eppig
authors: Denene M
authors: DM
authors: Wambach
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Nieves
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Delano-Wood
authors: Tania
authors: T
authors: Giovannetti
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Lippa
authors: Anahid
authors: A
authors: Kabasakalian
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Cosentino
authors: Rod
authors: R
authors: Swenson
authors: Dana L
authors: DL
authors: Penney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*