title: Genotoxicity potential of a new natural formicide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of environmental impacts from pesticide utilization should include genotoxicity studies, where the possible effects of mutagenic/genotoxic substances on individuals are assessed. In this study, the genotoxicity profile of the new formicide Macex® was evaluated with two genotoxicity tests, namely, the micronucleus test with mouse bone marrow and Vicia faba, and a mutagenicity test using the Ames Salmonella assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bacterial reverse mutation test (Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535), the Vicia root tip and mouse micronucleus tests were conducted according to published protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the range of the formicide Macex® concentrations tested from 0.06 to 1.0 g L⁻¹ (or mgkg⁻¹ in the mouse test), no genotoxicity was observed in the prokaryotic or eukaryotic test organisms. However, at Macex® concentrations of 0.5 g L⁻¹ and above a significant decrease in the mitotic index (P ≤ 0.05) in the V. faba was observed. Micronucleus formation was likewise increased in the test organism at concentrations starting at 2.0 g L⁻¹.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data allow us to classify this natural formicide preparation as a product with no geno-environmental-impact when applied at recommended concentrations.
authors: Université Paul Verlaine-Metz, LIEBE - CNRS UMR 7146, Rue du Gén. Delestraint, Metz 57070, France.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Cotelle
authors: Renan C
authors: RC
authors: Testolin
authors: Anne-Sophie
authors: AS
authors: Foltête
authors: Georgiana
authors: G
authors: Bossardi-Rissardi
authors: Rosilene A
authors: RA
authors: Silveira
authors: Claudemir M
authors: CM
authors: Radetski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018518:Plant Root Cap / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D007306:Insecticides; D009153:Mutagens; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine)