title: The burden of bladder cancer in men and women: analysis of the years of life lost.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the average loss in life expectancy (LE) due to bladder cancer (BC) in men and women in the USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer records for 51,528 patients diagnosed with BC during 1988-1997 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Potential follow-up ranged from 10 to 20 years (median 14 years). Loss in median LE at BC diagnosis was computed as the difference between expected median survival and observed median survival. Expected survival was calculated using two methods: method 1 used age, sex, and race-specific LE in the general population, method 2 used the hazard of death from non-BC causes in patients with BC (to account for past exposures and treatment-related toxicities not present in the general population).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, BC death occurred in 17% of men and 23% of women and non-BC death occurred in 53% of men and 47% of women. Using LE in the general population as the reference (method 1), loss in median LE at BC diagnosis was 3.9 years for men (33% of their potential remaining years of life) and 6.5 years for women (47% of their potential remaining years of life). Using non-BC-specific hazard as the reference (method 2), loss in median LE was 2.7 years for men (26% of their potential remaining years of life) and 4.1 years for women (36% of their potential remaining years of life).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with men, women loose more years of life and a greater fraction of their life expectancy to BC.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors: Emil
authors: E
authors: Scosyrev
authors: Dragan
authors: D
authors: Golijanin
authors: Guan
authors: G
authors: Wu
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Messing
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*