title: Weight gain and metabolic complications in preterm infants with nutritional support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the weight gain and to describe the metabolic complications in preterm newborns with nutritional support (NS) and to describe nutritional practices in the first month of hospitalization for 52 preterm newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive and prospective study of preterm infants (30-36 gestational weeks), with birth weight > 1 kg, hospital stay > 12 days, without respiratory support or complications, conducted at a public hospital in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico from January to November 2006. Weight, serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, type of NS (parenteral PN, enteral EN, mixed MN), energy content, and macronutrient intake were measured weekly. To obtain representative data, nutritional practices were not altered by the study protocol. One way ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were used in data analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 52 newborns were included, averaging 33 gestational weeks and 1,590 g of weight. The NS was started by the fourth day on average. Parenteral nutrition was the most frequent NS during the first 2 weeks (75%). Energy and macronutrient supply was 50% less than the recommended. Weight gain ranged from -100 to 130 g/week. Parenteral nutrition showed better weekly weight gain, followed by EN. The metabolic complication rate per person-day was greater for MN (0.56), than for EN (0.16) or PN (0.09). Routine surveillance of weight and metabolic complications was deficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late onset of NS, insufficient energy supply, and deficient surveillance were obstacles to weight gain and to prevent the metabolic complications in these newborns.
authors: Departamento de Medicina y Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, Gto. rmonroy79@yahoo.com.mx
authors: Rebeca
authors: R
authors: Monroy-Torres
authors: Alejandro E
authors: AE
authors: Macías
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Ponce-de-León
authors: Gloria
authors: G
authors: Barbosa-Sabanero
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002508:Cephalometry; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D007228:Infant Nutrition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins