title: Serum levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in relation to depression scores in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: It is currently unknown whether elevated cytokine levels in depression are confined to any specific subgroup of depressive patients. In this study, medical out-patients presenting with cardiovascular risk factors (N = 356) were assessed for both cognitive-affective and physical symptoms of depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Maastricht questionnaire (MQ), respectively. In study participants assigned to the highest (≥21) and lowest (≤5) quartile for the MQ score, serum levels of cytokines were measured. We found highly significant associations between cognitive-affective symptoms of depression and elevated serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6; ρ = .231; p = .002) and interleukin-10 (IL-10; ρ = .370; p < .001), respectively. In multiple regression models elevated IL-10 serum concentration was independently related to cognitive-affective symptoms of depression (ρ = .165; p = .002). When all cytokines were included in one model, elevated IL-10 serum concentrations remained a significant predictor for depressive mood (ρ = .157; p = .009). In patients with cardiovascular risk factors and extreme scores for vital exhaustion, elevated serum IL-6 and even more IL-10 concentrations are linked to the presence of depressive mood. Future studies will have to test whether the so far unreported association of IL-10 with depressive mood represents a causal pathway involved in the pathogenesis or in the prognostic effect of depressive mood in cardiac patients.
authors: University of Göttingen, Germany.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Meyer
authors: Beate
authors: B
authors: Stanske
authors: Michael M
authors: MM
authors: Kochen
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Cordes
authors: Iraz
authors: I
authors: Yüksel
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Wachter
authors: Claus
authors: C
authors: Lüers
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Scherer
authors: Lutz
authors: L
authors: Binder
authors: Burkert
authors: B
authors: Pieske
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Herrmann-Lingen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10