title: Enhanced delivery of cosmeceuticals by microdermabrasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microdermabrasion (MDA) is one of the top five nonsurgical cosmetic procedures performed. It is a well-established technology with widespread applications in the cosmetic industry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of MDA on skin and delivery of cosmeceuticals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The alternation of skin structure post-MDA was examined by histological sectioning and transepidermal water loss measurements. The effect of MDA treatment on skin permeation profiles of hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy and in vitro permeation studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confocal images indicated different absorption profiles and permeation depths for hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. Microdermabrasion enhanced the transdermal delivery of nicotinamide, the model hydrophilic compound employed. On the other hand, permeation of retinol, the model lipophilic compound, did not improve after treatment with MDA. When treated with 20 passes, the skin recovered from MDA induced changes in 4 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Permeation of cosmeceuticals into skin was found to be affected by their lipophilicity. Application of skin care products post-MDA therapy may be promising to improve their dermal uptake.
authors: College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Yingcong
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: Ajay K
authors: AK
authors: Banga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003869:Dermabrasion; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D054772:Rats, Hairless; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D009536:Niacinamide