title: Vacuolar protein sorting genes regulate mat formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Flo11p-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae generates complex biofilms called mats on low-density (0.3%) agar plates. The mats can be morphologically divided into two regions: (i) hub, the interior region characterized by the presence of wrinkles and channels, and (ii) rim, the smooth periphery. Formation of mats depends on the adhesin Flo11p, which is also required for invasive growth, a phenotype in which the S. cerevisiae yeasts grow as chains of cells that dig into standard-density (2%) agar plates. Although both invasive growth and mat formation depend on Flo11p, mutations that perturb the multivesicular body (MVB) protein sorting pathway inhibit mat formation in a FLO11-independent manner. These mutants, represented by vps27Δ, disrupt mat formation but do not affect invasive growth, FLO11 gene or protein expression, or Flo11p localization. In contrast, an overlapping subset of MVB mutants (represented by ESCRT [endosomal sorting complex required for transport] complex genes such as VPS25) interrupt the Rim101p signal transduction cascade, which is required for FLO11 expression, and thus block both invasive growth and mat formation. In addition, this report shows that mature Flo11p is covalently associated with the cell wall and shed into the extracellular matrix of the growing mat.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors: Neha
authors: N
authors: Sarode
authors: Bethany
authors: B
authors: Miracle
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Peng
authors: Owen
authors: O
authors: Ryan
authors: Todd B
authors: TB
authors: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057146:Multivesicular Bodies / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C110690:FLO11 protein, S cerevisiae; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C489601:RIM101 protein, S cerevisiae; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C119627:VPS27 protein, S cerevisiae; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C491125:Vps25 protein, S cerevisiae