title: Characterisation of different nanoparticles with a potential use for drug delivery in neuropsychiatric disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nanoparticles are promising tools for targeted delivery of drugs in the treatment of different diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. However, they need to be carefully characterised for any adverse effects which may occur in their presence. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of nanoparticles that belong to three different groups: (i) aggregates from amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) and poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (PPhOx) in different ratios, (ii) stabilised polymeric micelles (SPM) based on poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-bpoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) and (iii) star-like polymer with poly(acrylic acid) arms and branched polystyrene interior (PSPAA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using cultured human neural progenitor cells, we characterised six nanoparticles (POx-9, POx-23 and POx-46 - the polyoxazoline group, SPM-F38 and SPMMS - the SPM group, and PSPAA - the star-like polymer) for neurotoxicity and effect on neurodevelopmental genes. Nanoparticles ability to activate complement system in blood was assessed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the nanoparticles exhibited neurotoxicity. However, POx-9, POx-23, POx-46 and SPM-F38 activated complement system. POx-9 and SPM-F38 resulted in inhibition of expression of 19 and 26 out of 30 tested neurodevelopmental genes, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the properties of the studied nanoparticles, only PSPAA and SPMMS can be used at high concentrations for drug delivery without compromising neurogenesis and neurodevelopment, and activation of complement system.
authors: Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
authors: Rossen
authors: R
authors: Donev
authors: Neli
authors: N
authors: Koseva
authors: Petar
authors: P
authors: Petrov
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Kowalczuk
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Thome
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D011108:Polymers; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs