title: Risk factors for periodontal changes in adult patients with banded second molars during orthodontic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the risk factors for periodontal changes in adult patients during orthodontic treatment by evaluating the periodontal status of banded second molars using the gingival index (GI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 100 adult patients divided into two groups: the Orthodontics group, undergoing corrective treatment with fixed appliances and bands cemented to the four second molars, and the Control group, with no prior history of orthodontic treatment, age and sex matched. Group GI values were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression was performed to study the risk factors for increases in the GI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals in the Orthodontics group showed a significantly higher GI than those in the Control group. Logistic regression revealed that among the risk factors found to increase GI, the following proved significant (in order of importance): plaque index, subgingival encroachment of the cervical margins of bands, probing depth, and length of orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Banded second molars of adult patients during orthodontic treatment showed more clinical signs of gingival inflammation than those of untreated individuals. Moreover, major risk factors identified included the presence of plaque and the presence of subgingival band margins.
authors: monicorbacho@superig.com.br
authors: Monica M
authors: MM
authors: Corbacho de Melo
authors: Myrela G
authors: MG
authors: Cardoso
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Faber
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Sobral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000293:injuries; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D005886:Gingival Hypertrophy / Q000209:etiology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000209:etiology; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000150:complications; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D012307:Risk Factors; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; C040235:Ketac-cem; D015034:Zinc Oxide