title: Differential expression of interleukin-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airways and sinuses and is frequently divided into polypoid CRS (CRSwNP) and nonpolypoid CRS (CRSsNP). However, the mechanism of inflammation in CRS has still not been fully elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of interleukin-32 (IL-32), a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine, in CRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected nasal epithelial cells and nasal tissue from patients with CRS and control subjects. We assayed mRNA for IL-32 by real-time PCR and measured IL-32 protein using ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of mRNA for IL-32 was elevated in epithelial cells from uncinate tissue from patients with CRSsNP compared with patients with CRSwNP (P < 0.05), control subjects (P=0.06), and epithelial cells from nasal polyp (NP) tissue (P < 0.05). Production of IL-32 was induced by IFN-γ, TNF, and dsRNA in primary airway epithelial cells. In whole-tissue extracts, the expression of IL-32 protein was significantly elevated in patients with CRSwNP compared with patients with CRSsNP and control subjects. Immunohistochemistry data showed that IL-32 was detected in mucosal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Levels of IL-32 were correlated with the levels of CD3 and macrophage mannose receptor in NP tissue. Immunofluorescence data showed IL-32 co-localization with CD3-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages in NPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overproduction of IL-32 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, although the role of IL-32 in the inflammation in CRSsNP and CRSwNP may be different.
authors: Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron,Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Keswani
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: Chustz
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Suh
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Carter
authors: A T
authors: AT
authors: Peters
authors: B K
authors: BK
authors: Tan
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Chandra
authors: S-H
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Azam
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Dinarello
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Kern
authors: R P
authors: RP
authors: Schleimer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D012333:RNA, Messenger