title: Psychiatric comorbidity and the persistence of drug use disorders in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DSM-IV drug use disorders, a major public health problem, are highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, but little is known about the role of this comorbidity when studied prospectively in the general population. Our aims were to determine the role of comorbid psychopathology in the 3-year persistence of drug use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis using waves 1 (2001-02) and 2 (2005-05) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents with current DSM-IV drug use disorder at wave 1 who participated in wave 2 (n = 613).
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule IV (AUDADIS-IV) obtained DSM-IV Axis I and II diagnoses. Persistent drug use disorder was defined as meeting full criteria for any drug use disorder between waves 1 and 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug use disorders persisted in 30.9% of respondents. No Axis I disorders predicted persistence. Antisocial [odds ratio (OR) = 2.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-5.99], borderline (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.06-3.45) and schizotypal (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.42-5.39) personality disorders were significant predictors of persistent drug use disorders, controlling for demographics, psychiatric comorbidity, family history, treatment and number of drug use disorders. Deceitfulness and lack of remorse were the strongest antisocial criteria predictors of drug use disorder persistence, identity disturbance and self-damaging impulsivity were the strongest borderline criteria predictors, and ideas of reference and social anxiety were the strongest schizotypal criteria predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antisocial, borderline and schizotypal personality disorders are specific predictors of drug use disorder persistence over a 3-year period.
authors: Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors: Miriam C
authors: MC
authors: Fenton
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Keyes
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Geier
authors: Eliana
authors: E
authors: Greenstein
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Skodol
authors: Bob
authors: B
authors: Krueger
authors: Bridget F
authors: BF
authors: Grant
authors: Deborah S
authors: DS
authors: Hasin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult