title: Cell-mediated immune responses to inactivated trivalent influenza-vaccination are decreased in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.
abstract: Influenza-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses can protect from influenza, but may be decreased in CVID-patients since defects in CMI responses have been demonstrated in CVID-patients. Therefore CMI responses were evaluated in 15 CVID-patients and 15 matched healthy controls (HC) by determining frequencies of interferon (IFN)γ-producing PBMC, and frequencies of IFNγ-, interleukin (IL)-2- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells before and after influenza vaccination using IFNγ enzyme-linked immunospot (IFNγ-ELISpot) and flow cytometry. Humoral responses were determined using haemagglutination inhibition assay. In CVID-patients the number of spotforming PBMC in the IFNγ-ELISpot did not increase following influenza vaccination, in contrast to HC. In flow cytometry, the frequencies of IFNγ-producing T-cells decreased in CVID-patients after influenza vaccination, while in HC the frequencies of IFNγ-production flow cytometry increased. Concluding, CMI responses following influenza vaccination are hampered in CVID-patients compared to HC. Additional protective strategies against influenza other than vaccination are warranted.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands. s.van.assen@int.umcg.nl
authors: Sander
authors: S
authors: van Assen
authors: Aalzen
authors: A
authors: de Haan
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Holvast
authors: Gerda
authors: G
authors: Horst
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Gorter
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Westra
authors: Cees G M
authors: CG
authors: Kallenberg
authors: Denise S C
authors: DS
authors: Telgt
authors: Abraham M
authors: AM
authors: Palache
authors: Katinka M
authors: KM
authors: Giezeman
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Bijl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017074:Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D058501:Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; C568705:influvac; D007371:Interferon-gamma