title: Interactions between HIV infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Clinical and epidemiological aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An association between HIV infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been observed in several studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  we conducted a review of the literature linking HIV infection to COPD, focusing on clinical and epidemiological data published before and during widespread highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interactions between HIV infection and COPD appear to be influenced by multiple factors. In particular, the bronchopulmonary tract can be damaged by HIV infection, the immunodeficiency it induces, and the resulting increase in the risk of pulmonary infections. In addition, the prevalence of smoking and intravenous drug use is higher in HIV-infected populations, also increasing the risk of COPD. Before the advent of HAART, respiratory tract infections probably played a major role. Since the late 1990s and the widespread use of HAART, the frequency of opportunistic infections has fallen but new complications have emerged as life expectancy has increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  given the high prevalence of smoking among HIV-infected patients, COPD may contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in this setting.
authors: Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du L,C, Prud'hon, 95100 Argenteuil, France. christine.raynaud@ch-argenteuil.fr
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Raynaud
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Roche
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Chouaid
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology