title: Multiple reassortment between pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and endemic influenza viruses in pigs, United States.
abstract: As a result of human-to-pig transmission, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was detected in pigs soon after it emerged in humans. In the United States, this transmission was quickly followed by multiple reassortment between the pandemic virus and endemic swine viruses. Nine reassortant viruses representing 7 genotypes were detected in commercial pig farms in the United States. Field observations suggested that the newly described reassortant viruses did not differ substantially from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 or endemic strains in their ability to cause disease. Comparable growth properties of reassortant and endemic viruses in vitro supported these observations; similarly, a representative reassortant virus replicated in ferrets to the same extent as did pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and endemic swine virus. These novel reassortant viruses highlight the increasing complexity of influenza viruses within pig populations and the frequency at which viral diversification occurs in this ecologically important viral reservoir.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
authors: Mariette F
authors: MF
authors: Ducatez
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Hause
authors: Evelyn
authors: E
authors: Stigger-Rosser
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Darnell
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Corzo
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Juleen
authors: Randy
authors: R
authors: Simonson
authors: Christy
authors: C
authors: Brockwell-Staats
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Rubrum
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Wang
authors: Ashley
authors: A
authors: Webb
authors: Jeri-Carol
authors: JC
authors: Crumpton
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Lowe
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Gramer
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Webby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000662:veterinary*; D005289:Ferrets; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D058873:Pandemics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000821:virology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015047:Zoonoses