title: A novel mortality risk score for female patients undergoing endovascular interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been described as a rising epidemic in recent years. The majority of subjects studied in PAD literature have been male, leaving female patients an underrepresented population with regard to revascularization outcomes. The goal of our study was to determine the death rate and predictors of mortality in female patients undergoing endovascular intervention (EI) for symptomatic PAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study was conducted as a single-center retrospective chart review of 292 female patients who underwent EI for symptomatic PAD. Patient variables including demographics and procedural data were analyzed for statistical significance with regard to mortality. Age, history of congestive heart failure (CHF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were found to be significant predictors of mortality on multivariable analysis. A death risk score was formulated based on the above variables, risk stratifying patients into low, medium, or high risk groups for mortality after EI. Overall, 76 patients (26%) fell into the low risk category with a mortality of 5.3%, 102 patients (35%) fell into the moderate risk with a mortality of 15.7%, and 112 patients (39%) fell into the high-risk group with a mortality of 45.5% (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first of its kind to specify predictors of mortality in female patients with symptomatic PAD. This study also provides a tool to identify female PAD patients at high risk for death after EI. Finally, it highlights the effect of CKD, age, and CHF on mortality of patients with PAD.
authors: Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA. AAbbas@beaumont.edu
authors: Amr E
authors: AE
authors: Abbas
authors: Laura M
authors: LM
authors: Goodman
authors: Robert D
authors: RD
authors: Safian
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Timmis
authors: Kavitha
authors: K
authors: Chinnaiyan
authors: Jeffrey M
authors: JM
authors: Decker
authors: Geoffrey
authors: G
authors: Crimmins
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Boura
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric