title: Increased N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 expression is associated with breast atypia-to-carcinoma progression.
abstract: N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) has been identified as a protein involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells. As a newly metastasis suppressor gene, whether it contributes to carcinogenesis of breast cancer is still unknown. This study aimed to clarify the possible role of NDRG1 for breast cancer carcinogenesis, and further to investigate its clinicopathological significance in invasive breast cancer. We examined the expression of NDRG1 in normal epithelium of breast (n = 35), usual ductal hyperplasia (n = 22), atypical ductal hyperplasia (n = 33), atypical lobular hyperplasia (n = 8), ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 16), lobular carcinoma in situ (n = 6), invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 50), and invasive lobular carcinoma (n = 45) by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the correlation between NDRG expression and clinicopathological features of invasive breast cancer. Western blot analysis was carried out to investigate the expression of NDRG1 in 20 invasive ductal breast cancer and the paired non-tumor portion of the same case. NDRG1 expression in invasive breast cancer (70/95, 73.7%) was higher than that in noninvasive breast lesions (29/85, 34.1%; p < 0.05) which was higher than that in normal breast epithelium (5/35, 14.3%; p < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between NDRG1 expression with tumor stage in invasive breast cancer, and its expression in invasive ductal carcinoma is significantly higher than invasive lobular carcinoma (p < 0.05). It was not associated with age, menopausal status, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. NDRG1 protein levels were significantly higher in invasive ductal breast cancer compared to the paired non-tumor portion of the same case by Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). Increased NDRG-1 expression is associated with breast atypia-to-carcinoma progression. NDRG1 expression might participate in the carcinogenesis and progression of invasive breast cancer. These findings provide further evidence that NDRG1 may serve as an important biomarker for invasive breast cancer.
authors: Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiao-Yun
authors: XY
authors: Mao
authors: Chui-Feng
authors: CF
authors: Fan
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wei
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Hua-Chuan
authors: HC
authors: Zheng
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Yao
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein