title: Long-term effects of methoxyfenozide on the adult reproductive processes and longevity of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: The long-term effects of methoxyfenozide on the longevity and reproductive processes of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), adults were assessed after exposure by ingestion. Methoxyfenozide significantly reduced adult male longevity compared with females by 1.1 and 1.5 d at 75 and 150 mg (AI)/liter, respectively. Fecundity decreased by >60% with both concentrations at 72 and 96 h after treatment, but at 48 h, no significant effect was observed. The carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content in the eggs were determined as representatives of the biochemical effects of methoxyfenozide associated with the disruption of reproductive processes. The content of carbohydrates in the eggs laid 48 h at treatment was similar to that of controls, but it increased by approximately 1.5 and 2-fold in eggs laid after 72 and 96 h, respectively, compared with controls (15 microg per egg). Protein content was reduced approximately 2.5 and approximately 3-fold for each treatment concentration, respectively, compared with the controls (25 and 23 microg per egg for 75 and 150 mg [AI]/liter, respectively) in eggs collected 72 and 96 h after treatment. Lipid content significantly decreased by approximately 1.6-fold in both treatment concentrations in eggs collected at 48 and 96 h after treatment compared with the controls (24 and 21 microg per egg for 48 and 96, respectively), but it was similar to controls (approximately 19 microg per egg) at 72 h (approximately 15 microg per egg) for both concentrations. The biochemical effects of methoxyfenozide on S. exigua egg formation detected in this work are consistent with the reduction in fertility observed, as reported previously.
authors: Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Univerdad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 Carr, Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico.
authors: Juan-Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Luna
authors: Virginia-Angélica
authors: VA
authors: Robinson
authors: Ana-Mabel
authors: AM
authors: Martínez
authors: Marcela-Inés
authors: MI
authors: Schneider
authors: José-Isaac
authors: JI
authors: Figueroa
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Smagghe
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Viñuela
authors: Flor
authors: F
authors: Budia
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Pineda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D052287:Oviparity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D006834:Hydrazines; D019476:Insect Proteins; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D008055:Lipids; C406712:methoxyfenozide