title: Miniaturized integration of a fluorescence microscope.
abstract: The light microscope is traditionally an instrument of substantial size and expense. Its miniaturized integration would enable many new applications based on mass-producible, tiny microscopes. Key prospective usages include brain imaging in behaving animals for relating cellular dynamics to animal behavior. Here we introduce a miniature (1.9 g) integrated fluorescence microscope made from mass-producible parts, including a semiconductor light source and sensor. This device enables high-speed cellular imaging across ∼0.5 mm2 areas in active mice. This capability allowed concurrent tracking of Ca2+ spiking in >200 Purkinje neurons across nine cerebellar microzones. During mouse locomotion, individual microzones exhibited large-scale, synchronized Ca2+ spiking. This is a mesoscopic neural dynamic missed by prior techniques for studying the brain at other length scales. Overall, the integrated microscope is a potentially transformative technology that permits distribution to many animals and enables diverse usages, such as portable diagnostics or microscope arrays for large-scale screens.
authors: David Packard Electrical Engineering Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: Kunal K
authors: KK
authors: Ghosh
authors: Laurie D
authors: LD
authors: Burns
authors: Eric D
authors: ED
authors: Cocker
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Nimmerjahn
authors: Yaniv
authors: Y
authors: Ziv
authors: Abbas El
authors: AE
authors: Gamal
authors: Mark J
authors: MJ
authors: Schnitzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008904:Miniaturization; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012666:Semiconductors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium