title: Effects of upper body resistance training on pulmonary functions in sedentary male smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking is well correlated with lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is common among men than women in India. In addition, sedentary lifestyle is associated with less efficient pulmonary function. Effectiveness of upper body resistance training (UBRT) in improving pulmonary function is unclear. Keeping all these factors in view, this study aims to examine the effect of UBRT on pulmonary function in male sedentary smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited 36 sedentary male smokers, of which 30 were randomized into two groups after fulfilling eligibility criteria-an exercising experimental group (EG) (N=15) or non-exercising control group (CG) (N=15). The EG group were assigned to exercise for 4 weeks, 3 times weekly on non-consecutive days using UBRT program and breathing exercise. In the CG, only breathing exercise was given for 10 min. Both groups were equivalent in baseline characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) values were seen significant in EG after 4 weeks of UBRT: from 3.62±0.56 to 3.96±0.51 (P=0.000) and 0.88±0.11 to 0.96±0.13 (P<0.001), respectively. But FVC did not show significant change in the EG (P=0.430). There were no significant changes in FEV(1), FVC, and FEV(1)/FVC values in CG after 4 weeks of intervention. On intergroup comparison, significant difference was found between CG and EG for FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four weeks of UBRT program brought about significant changes in the pulmonary function in male sedentary smokers.
authors: Department of physiotherapy, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, India.
authors: V P
authors: VP
authors: Singh
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Jani
authors: V
authors: V
authors: John
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Singh
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Joseley