title: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of ultrasonic versus sonic endodontic systems on canal cleanliness and obturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare 2 irrigation techniques by evaluating canal cleanliness and obturation of lateral/accessory canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five extracted canines were instrumented to a size #40/0.06 taper. The EndoActivator (EA) was compared with an ultrasonic unit for final irrigation. Each unit was used for 1 minute each with 6.15% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. A control group received syringe irrigation. Thirty teeth were sectioned and evaluated for debris removal and open dentinal tubules at 3/5 mm from the apical foramen with a scanning electron microscope. Forty-five teeth were examined for obturation of lateral canals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EA was significantly better in removing debris at all levels when compared with other treatment groups (P < .05) and resulted in obturation of significantly more numbers of lateral canals (P < .01.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EA provided better obturation of lateral and accessory canals and resulted in less remaining debris.
authors: Department of Endodontics, University of Florida, College of Dentistry at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32610-0436, USA.
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Kanter
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Weldon
authors: Uma
authors: U
authors: Nair
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Varella
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Kanter
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Anusavice
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Pileggi
mesh_terms: D003481:Cuspid / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013594:Syringes; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure; D059708:Ultrasonic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite