title: Methods of nitric oxide detection in plants: a commentary.
abstract: Over the last decade nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to influence a range of processes in plants. However, when, where and even if NO production occurs is controversial in several physiological scenarios in plants. This arises from a series of causes: (a) doubts have arisen over the specificity of widely used 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA)/4-amino-5-methylamino-2,7-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) dyes for NO, (b) no plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been cloned, so that the validity of using mammalian NOS inhibitors to demonstrate that NO is being measured is debatable, (c) the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) needs to be used with caution, and (d) some discrepancies between assays for in planta measurements and another based on sampling NO from the gas phase have been reported. This review will outline some commonly used methods to determine NO, attempt to reconcile differing results obtained by different laboratories and suggest appropriate approaches to unequivocally demonstrate the production of NO.
authors: University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK. lum@aber.ac.uk
authors: Luis A J
authors: LA
authors: Mur
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Mandon
authors: Simona M
authors: SM
authors: Cristescu
authors: Frans J M
authors: FJ
authors: Harren
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Prats
mesh_terms: D001901:Botany / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005029:Ethylenediamines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C095000:Griess reagent; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D009569:Nitric Oxide