title: Prevalence of specific learning disabilities among primary school children in a South Indian city.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the prevalence of specific learning disabilities (SpLDs) such as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia among primary school children in a South Indian city.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional multi-staged stratified randomized cluster sampling study was conducted among children aged 8-11 years from third and fourth standard. A six level screening approach that commenced with identification of scholastic backwardness followed by stepwise exclusion of impaired vision and hearing, chronic medical conditions and subnormal intelligence was carried out among these children. In the final step, the remaining children were subjected to specific tests for reading, comprehension, writing and mathematical calculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of specific learning disabilities was 15.17% in sampled children, whereas 12.5%, 11.2% and 10.5% had dysgraphia, dyslexia and dyscalculia respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the prevalence of SpLDs is at the higher side of previous estimations in India. The study is unique due to its large geographically representative design and identification of the problem using simplified screening approach and tools, which minimizes the number and time of specialist requirement and spares the expensive investigation. This approach and tools are suitable for field situations and resource scarce settings. Based on the authors' experience, they express the need for more prevalence studies, remedial education and policy interventions to manage SpLDs at main stream educational system to improve the school performance in Indian children.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, J N Medical College, Belgaum 590010, India. vijivittalmogasale@gmail.com
authors: Vijayalaxmi V
authors: VV
authors: Mogasale
authors: Vishwanath D
authors: VD
authors: Patil
authors: Nanasaheb M
authors: NM
authors: Patil
authors: Vittal
authors: V
authors: Mogasale
mesh_terms: D000381:Agraphia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D060705:Dyscalculia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012574:Schools