title: Care at the edge of viability: medical and ethical issues.
abstract: Decision-making for extremely immature preterm infants at the margins of viability is ethically, professionally, and emotionally complicated. A standard for prenatal consultation should be developed incorporating assessment of parental decision-making preferences and styles, a communication process involving a reciprocal exchange of information, and effective strategies for decisional deliberation, guided by and consistent with parental moral framework. Professional caregivers providing perinatal consultations or end-of-life counseling for extremely preterm infants should be sensitive to these issues and be taught flexibility in counseling techniques adhering to consistent guidelines. Emphasis must shift away from physician beliefs and behaviors about the boundaries of viability.
authors: Division of Neonatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. mhaward@montefiore.org
authors: Marlyse F
authors: MF
authors: Haward
authors: Nancy W
authors: NW
authors: Kirshenbaum
authors: Deborah E
authors: DE
authors: Campbell
mesh_terms: D003376:Counseling / Q000941:ethics*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D005260:Female; D005328:Fetal Viability; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology*