title: Flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity.
abstract: Dengue viruses (DENV) cause countless human deaths each year, whilst West Nile virus (WNV) has re-emerged as an important human pathogen. There are currently no WNV or DENV vaccines licensed for human use, yet vaccines exist against other flaviviruses. To investigate flavivirus cross-reactivity, sera from a human cohort with a history of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) were tested for antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test. Neutralization of louping ill virus (LIV) occurred, but no significant neutralization of Murray Valley encephalitis virus was observed. Sera from some individuals vaccinated against TBEV and JEV neutralized WNV, which was enhanced by YFV vaccination in some recipients. Similarly, some individuals neutralized DENV-2, but this was not significantly influenced by YFV vaccination. Antigenic cartography techniques were used to generate a geometric illustration of the neutralization titres of selected sera against WNV, TBEV, JEV, LIV, YFV and DENV-2. This demonstrated the individual variation in antibody responses. Most sera had detectable titres against LIV and some had titres against WNV and DENV-2. Generally, LIV titres were similar to titres against TBEV, confirming the close antigenic relationship between TBEV and LIV. JEV was also antigenically closer to TBEV than WNV, using these sera. The use of sera from individuals vaccinated against multiple pathogens is unique relative to previous applications of antigenic cartography techniques. It is evident from these data that notable differences exist between amino acid sequence identity and mapped antigenic relationships within the family Flaviviridae.
authors: Brain Infections Group, University of Liverpool, UK.|Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Karen L
authors: KL
authors: Mansfield
authors: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.|Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Daniel L
authors: DL
authors: Horton
authors: Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Johnson
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors: Alan D T
authors: ADT
authors: Barrett
authors: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
authors: Derek J
authors: DJ
authors: Smith
authors: Brain Infections Group, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors: Sareen E
authors: SE
authors: Galbraith
authors: Brain Infections Group, University of Liverpool, UK.
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Solomon
authors: National Centre for Zoonoses Research, University of Liverpool, UK.|Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
authors: Anthony R
authors: AR
authors: Fooks
mesh_terms: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D053059:Dengue Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000276:immunology*; D004669:Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000379:methods; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay / Q000379:methods; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology*; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D015005:Yellow fever virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D053059:Dengue Vaccines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine