title: Effects of periodic fluoride treatment on fluoride ion release from fresh orthodontic adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodic fluoride treatment may contribute to the ability of fresh orthodontic adhesives to provide long-term F(-) release. The effects of periodic fluoride treatment on the amount of F(-) release from fresh orthodontic adhesives was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  F(-) release was measured from a nonfluoride-releasing composite, a fluoride-releasing composite, a polyacid-modified composite (compomer), and two resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) at 1, 2, and 5 days after one of the following treatments: 225 ppm F(-) solution, 900 ppm F(-) solution, acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF), fluoridated dentifrice, and deionised water (control). F(-) release was measured in a 5-day cycle, which was repeated 9 consecutive times. The amount of F(-) release for each group was analysed using the repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at a level of α=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periodic fluoride treatment temporarily increased F(-) release in fresh fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives, but not in fresh nonfluoride-releasing composite. The order of effective fluoride-release was RMGICs>compomer>fluoride-releasing composite>nonfluoride-releasing composite. The application of APF or 900 ppm F(-) solution was the most effective way to maintain F(-) release from fresh orthodontic adhesives. However, the amount of F(-) release gradually decreased with increasing specimen age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the difficulty of routine use of APF at home, the results of this study show that a combination of RMGICs and high-dose fluoride mouth rinse is the most effective protocol to maintain F(-) release from fresh orthodontic adhesives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most studies have investigated fluoride-uptake abilities using aged materials in which fluoride had been lost for at least 1 month. This study has found that periodic fluoride treatment altered the conventional F(-) release pattern of fresh fluoride-releasing materials and type of fluoride-containing medium plays a more critical role in fluoride recharging of the materials than fluoride concentration. This study will help clinicians to find the most effective fluoride treatment protocol of fresh materials.
authors: Dental Research Institute and Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28-22 Yungeon-Dong, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-768, Republic of Korea.
authors: Bum-Soon
authors: BS
authors: Lim
authors: Shin-Jae
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Young-Jun
authors: YJ
authors: Lim
authors: Sug-Joon
authors: SJ
authors: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020770:Compomers; D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides