title: HIV type 1 genetic variation in foreskin and blood from subjects in Rakai, Uganda.
abstract: The foreskin contains a subset of dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that may be targets for initial HIV infection in female-to-male sexual transmission of HIV-1. We present analyses comparing HIV-1 sequences isolated from foreskin DNA and serum RNA in 12 heterosexual men enrolled in an adult male circumcision trial performed in Rakai, Uganda. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated three topologies: (1) little divergence between foreskin and serum, (2) multiple genetic bottlenecks occurring in both foreskin and serum, and (3) complete separation of foreskin and serum populations. The latter tree topology provided evidence that foreskin may serve as a reservoir for distinct HIV-1 strains. Distance and recombination analysis also demonstrated that viral genotypes in the foreskin might segregate independently from the circulating pool of viruses.
authors: Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda.
authors: Ronald M
authors: RM
authors: Galiwango
authors: Susanna L
authors: SL
authors: Lamers
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Redd
authors: Jordyn
authors: J
authors: Manucci
authors: Aaron A R
authors: AA
authors: Tobian
authors: Nelson
authors: N
authors: Sewankambo
authors: Godfrey
authors: G
authors: Kigozi
authors: Gertrude
authors: G
authors: Nakigozi
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Serwadda
authors: Iga
authors: I
authors: Boaz
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Nalugoda
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Sullivan
authors: Xiangrong
authors: X
authors: Kong
authors: Maria J
authors: MJ
authors: Wawer
authors: Ronald H
authors: RH
authors: Gray
authors: Thomas C
authors: TC
authors: Quinn
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Laeyendecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003713:Dendritic Cells; D052816:Foreskin / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics*; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load; D056189:Viral Tropism / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4