title: Modulation of osteogenic activity of BMP-2 by cellulose and chitosan derivatives.
abstract: Polysaccharides with structure and potential bioactivity similar to heparin were synthesized based on cellulose which was regioselectively sulfated, carboxylated or carboxymethylated, and chitosan that was sulfated only. Osteogenic activity of these derivatives was studied in cooperation with BMP-2 using C2C12 myoblast cells as a model system measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of the genes Osterix, Noggin and Runx-2. It was found that highly sulfated chitosan showed the strongest osteogenic activity of all polysaccharides, but only at lower concentrations, while higher concentrations were inhibitory. By contrast, cellulose with a low or intermediate degree of sulfation showed increasing ALP activity and expression of Osterix and Noggin with rising concentrations. Lower sulfated cellulose with a high degree of carboxylation was less osteogenic, but had a positive effect on cell viability, while carboxymethylated cellulose had almost no osteogenic activity. The results indicate that regioselectively sulfated as well as carboxylated cellulose and chitosan possess an osteogenic activity, which makes them interesting candidates for application in tissue engineering of bone.
authors: Institute of Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Peschel
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fischer
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Groth
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002482:Cellulose / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D013431:Sulfates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002482:Cellulose; D048271:Chitosan; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D013431:Sulfates; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C479466:Sp7 protein, mouse