title: Effect of ProRoot MTA, Portland cement, and amalgam on the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and TGFβ by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today many materials have been introduced for root-end filling materials. One of them is mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) that is mentioned as a gold standard.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the reaction of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to the root-end filling materials, such as ProRoot MTA, Portland cement, and amalgam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight impacted teeth were extracted in aseptic condition. The tissues around the roots were used to obtain fibroblast cells. After cell proliferation, they were cultured in the chamber slides and the extracts of the materials were added to the wells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunocytochemical method for measuring the expression of Fibronectin, collagen I and transforming growth factor beta (TGF®) was performed by Olysia Bioreport Imaging Software.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 and Tukey post hoc test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collagen expression in MTA specimens was higher than the other groups in 24 h significantly. After 48 h, the Portland cement group showed the most expression of collagen significantly and after 1 week, Portland cement and MTA groups had the most expression of collagen but there was no significant difference between these 2 groups. After 1 week, the Portland cement group demonstrated a higher amount of TGF® and fibronectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that Portland cement can be used as a less expensive root filling material with low toxicity. It has better effects than amalgam on the fibroblasts.
authors: Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. sara_fayyazi58@yahoo.com
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Fayazi
authors: Seyed Nasser
authors: SN
authors: Ostad
authors: Hasan
authors: H
authors: Razmi
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000187:drug effects*; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005353:Fibronectins; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D003723:Dental Amalgam