title: Influence of the pore generator on the evolution of the mechanical properties and the porosity and interconnectivity of a calcium phosphate cement.
abstract: Porosity and interconnectivity are important properties of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) and bone-replacement materials. Porosity of CPCs can be achieved by adding polymeric biodegradable pore-generating particles (porogens), which can add porosity to the CPC and can also be used as a drug-delivery system. Porosity affects the mechanical properties of CPCs, and hence is of relevance for clinical application of these cements. The current study focused on the effect of combinations of polymeric mesoporous porogens on the properties of a CPC, such as specific surface area, porosity and interconnectivity and the development of mechanical properties. CPC powder was mixed with different amounts of PLGA porogens of various molecular weights and porogen sizes. The major factors affecting the properties of the CPC were related to the amount of porogen loaded and the porogen size; the molecular weight did not show a significant effect per se. A minimal porogen size of 40 μm in 30 wt.% seems to produce a CPC with mechanical properties, porosity and interconnectivity suitable for clinical applications. The properties studied here, and induced by the porogen and CPC, can be used as a guide to evoke a specific host-response to maintain CPC integrity and to generate an explicit bone ingrowth.
authors: Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors: Marco A
authors: MA
authors: Lopez-Heredia
authors: Kemal
authors: K
authors: Sariibrahimoglu
authors: Wanxun
authors: W
authors: Yang
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Bohner
authors: Daiki
authors: D
authors: Yamashita
authors: Aliz
authors: A
authors: Kunstar
authors: Aart A
authors: AA
authors: van Apeldoorn
authors: Ewald M
authors: EM
authors: Bronkhorst
authors: Rosa P
authors: RP
authors: Félix Lanao
authors: Sander C G
authors: SC
authors: Leeuwenburgh
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Itatani
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Yang
authors: Phil
authors: P
authors: Salmon
authors: Joop G C
authors: JG
authors: Wolke
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Jansen
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D016062:Porosity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid