title: Analysis of nucleotides 13-96 of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 antigenomic promoter reveals positive- and negative-acting replication elements.
abstract: During replication of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), the 96-nucleotide antigenomic promoter (AGP) of HPIV3 directs the synthesis of genomic RNA. Previous work showed that nucleotides 1-12 were critical in promoting replication of an HPIV3 minireplicon, but nucleotides 13-96 were not investigated. In this study, the role of nucleotides 13-96 in AGP function was analyzed by creating and assaying mutations in an HPIV3 minireplicon. A replication promoting element known as promoter element II (nt 79-96) was confirmed in the HPIV3 AGP. Additionally, nucleotides 13-39 were found to constitute an additional positive-acting cis-element. However, detailed analysis of the 13-39 element revealed a complicated control element with both stimulatory and repressing elements. Specifically, nucleotides 21-28 were shown to repress RNA replication, while flanking sequences had a stimulatory effect.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
authors: Jill R
authors: JR
authors: Gander
authors: LeeAnne M
authors: LM
authors: Schwan
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral