title: Amorphous carbon nanoparticles: a versatile label for rapid diagnostic (immuno)assays.
abstract: Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) labeled with reporter molecules can serve as signaling labels in rapid diagnostic assays as an alternative to gold, colored latex, silica, quantum dots, or up-converting phosphor nanoparticles. Detailed here is the preparation of biomolecule-labeled CNPs and examples of their use as a versatile label. CNPs can be loaded with a range of biomolecules, such as DNA, antibodies, and proteins (e.g., neutravidin or a fusion protein of neutravidin with an enzyme), and the resulting conjugates can be used to detect analytes of high or low molecular mass.
authors: Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Geertruida A
authors: GA
authors: Posthuma-Trumpie
authors: Jan H
authors: JH
authors: Wichers
authors: Marjo
authors: M
authors: Koets
authors: Luciënne B J M
authors: LB
authors: Berendsen
authors: Aart
authors: A
authors: van Amerongen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon