title: Reference values for voluntary and stimulated single-fibre EMG using concentric needle electrodes: a multicentre prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to establish reference values for single-fibre electromyography (SFEMG) using concentric needles in a prospective, multicentre study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voluntary or stimulated SFEMG at the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) or frontalis (FRO) muscles was conducted in 56-63 of a total of 69 normal subjects below the age of 60years at six Japanese institutes. The cut-off values for mean consecutive difference (MCD) of individual potentials were calculated using +2.5 SD or 95% prediction limit (one-tail) of the upper 10th percentile MCD value for individual subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cut-off values for individual MCD (+2.5 SD) were 56.8μs for EDC-V (voluntary SFEMG for EDC), 58.8μs for EDC-S (stimulated SFEMG for EDC), 56.8μs for FRO-V (voluntary SFEMG for FRO) and 51.0μs for FRO-S (stimulated SFEMG for FRO). The false positive rates using these cut-off values were around 2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The +2.5 SD and 95% prediction limit might be two optimal cut-off values, depending on the clinical question. The obtained reference values were larger than those reported previously using concentric needles, but might better coincide with conventional values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first multicentre study reporting reference values for SFEMG using concentric needles. The way to determine cut-off values and the statistically correct definition of the percentile were discussed.
authors: Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan.
authors: Norito
authors: N
authors: Kokubun
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Sonoo
authors: Tomihiro
authors: T
authors: Imai
authors: Yumiko
authors: Y
authors: Arimura
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Kuwabara
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Komori
authors: Masahito
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Takahide
authors: T
authors: Nagashima
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Hatanaka
authors: Emiko
authors: E
authors: Tsuda
authors: Sonoko
authors: S
authors: Misawa
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Abe
authors: Kimiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Arimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004566:Electrodes; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009339:Needles; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies