title: Association between frequency of drinking alcohol and chronic kidney disease in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. Epidemiological studies of the relationship between alcohol intake and CKD are scarce in Japan. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between frequency of drinking alcohol and CKD in Japanese men.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 9,196 men (mean ± standard deviation age, 57.9 ± 5.1 years) who underwent a health check-up. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Frequency of alcohol drinking was obtained from questionnaire and divided into five categories: nondrinkers, once or twice a week, three or four times a week, five or six times a week, and everyday drinkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariable-adjusted [age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia, smoking, and physical activity] odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Compared with the results for the nondrinkers, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios of CKD were as follows: 0.76 (95% CI 0.60-0.95) for 1-2 drinks per week, 0.74 (95% CI 0.59-0.93) for 3-4 drinks per week, 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.97) for 5-6 drinks per week, and 0.60 (95% CI 0.51-0.71) for everyday drinkers. There was a significant inverse trend across increasing frequency of drinking alcohol (p = 0.001 for trend).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An inverse association was found between frequency of drinking alcohol and CKD in apparently healthy men.
authors: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: Yayoi
authors: Y
authors: Funakoshi
authors: Hisamitsu
authors: H
authors: Omori
authors: Ayumi
authors: A
authors: Onoue
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Mihara
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Ogata
authors: Takahiko
authors: T
authors: Katoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires