title: Factors associated with the seroprevalence of 26 cutaneous and two genital human papillomavirus types in organ transplant patients.
abstract: Viral skin infections are commonly present in organ transplant recipients (OTR). In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in OTR. Patients with solid-organ transplants were recruited from the outpatient nephrology and dermatology clinics in five European countries. Only patients with no current or past skin cancer were included in this analysis. Serum samples were analysed for antibodies to the L1 proteins of 26 cutaneous and two genital HPV types from five phylogenetic genera (α, β, γ, μ and ν). The most consistent association was found between recreational sun exposure and the seroprevalence of all tested genera, except α. The antibody presence of any β type was higher among people who had been transplanted at least 23 years prior to participation than in those who had been transplanted for less than 7 years. The prevalence of two γ-HPV types (60 and 65) and three β-HPV types (15, 38 and 49) was associated with time since transplantation. The presence of a high number of warts was associated with the presence of any μ-PV or ν-PV types, and having greater than 50 keratotic skin lesions was almost significantly associated with the presence of antibodies to two or more γ-PV. Discrepancies in the results of the present study, as well as in previous reports, may depend on different methodologies and on geographical variations. Our results also indicate that further research with more standardized methods is needed to clarify the role of cutaneous HPV in OTR.
authors: Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Sampogna
authors: Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: J N Bouwes
authors: JNB
authors: Bavinck
authors: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pawlita
authors: Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Abeni
authors: Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Harwood
authors: Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Proby
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: M C W
authors: MCW
authors: Feltkamp
authors: Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Euvrard
authors: Department of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Naldi
authors: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Neale
authors: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, Berlin, Germany.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Nindl
authors: Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Pfister
authors: DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, The Netherlands.
authors: W G V
authors: WGV
authors: Quint
authors: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Waterboer
authors: The Epi-Hpv-Uv-Ca Group
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D017193:Skin Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D019737:Transplants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral