title: Accurate analysis of prevalence of coccidiosis in individually identified wild cranes in inhabiting and migrating populations in Japan.
abstract: Eimeria gruis and E. reichenowi cause coccidiosis, a major parasitic disease of cranes. By non-invasive molecular approaches, we investigated the prevalence and genetic characterization of pathogens in two Japanese crane habitats; one is Hokkaido inhabited by the endangered red-crowned crane, and the other is Izumi in Kyushu where populations that consist mainly of vulnerable hooded and white-naped cranes migrate in winter. The non-invasively collected faecal samples from each wintering population were first subjected to host genomic DNA-targeted analyses to determine the sample origin and avoid sample redundancy. Extremely high prevalence was observed in the Izumi populations (> 90%) compared with the Hokkaido population (18-30%) by examining 470 specimens by microscopy and PCR-based capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE), using genetic markers in the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2). Correspondence analysis of PCR-CE data revealed differences in community composition of coccidia between hooded and white-naped cranes. 18S rRNA and ITS2 sequences were determined from single oocysts excreted by red-crowned and hooded cranes. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA suggested that E. reichenowi was polyphyletic while E. gruis was monophyletic. Together with PCR-CE data, these results indicate different host specificity among the E. reichenowi type. Our data suggest that E. reichenowi comprises multiple species.
authors: Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan.
authors: Hajime
authors: H
authors: Honma
authors: Yoshihisa
authors: Y
authors: Suyama
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Nakai
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001717:Birds / Q000469:parasitology*; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D004539:Eimeria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D058507:Host Specificity; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D033661:Oocysts / Q000145:classification; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S