title: Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the abdomen with highly accelerated acquisition techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that highly accelerated (net acceleration factor [R(net)] ≥ 10) acquisition techniques can be used to generate three-dimensional (3D) subsecond timing images, as well as diagnostic-quality high-spatial-resolution contrast material-enhanced (CE) renal magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms with a single split dose of contrast material.
  
  
  METHODS
  All studies were approved by the institutional review board and were HIPAA compliant; written consent was obtained from all participants. Twenty-two studies were performed in 10 female volunteers (average age, 47 years; range, 27-62 years) and six patients with renovascular disease (three women; average age, 48 years; range, 37-68 years; three men; average age, 60 years; range, 50-67 years; composite average age, 54 years; range, 38-68 years). The two-part protocol consisted of a low-dose (2 mL contrast material) 3D timing image with approximate 1-second frame time, followed by a high-spatial-resolution (1.0-1.6-mm isotropic voxels) breath-hold 3D renal MR angiogram (18 mL) over the full abdominal field of view. Both acquisitions used two-dimensional (2D) sensitivity encoding acceleration factor (R) of eight and 2D homodyne (HD) acceleration (R(HD)) of 1.4-1.8 for R(net) = R · R(HD) of 10 or higher. Statistical analysis included determination of mean values and standard deviations of image quality scores performed by two experienced reviewers with use of eight evaluation criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2-mL 3D time-resolved image successfully portrayed progressive arterial filling in all 22 studies and provided an anatomic overview of the vasculature. Successful timing was also demonstrated in that the renal MR angiogram showed adequate or excellent portrayal of the main renal arteries in 21 of 22 studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-dimensional acceleration techniques with R(net) of 10 or higher can be used in CE MR angiography to acquire (a) a 3D image series with 1-second frame time, allowing accurate bolus timing, and (b) a high-spatial-resolution renal angiogram.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11110242/-/DC1.
authors: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Opus 2-133, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Petrice M
authors: PM
authors: Mostardi
authors: James F
authors: JF
authors: Glockner
authors: Phillip M
authors: PM
authors: Young
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Riederer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012079:Renal Circulation
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C064572:gadobenic acid; D008536:Meglumine