title: In-use measurement of activity, energy use, and emissions of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
abstract: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) could reduce transportation air emissions and energy use. However, a method is needed for estimating on-road emissions of PHEVs. To develop a framework for quantifying microscale energy use and emissions (EU&E), measurements were conducted on a Toyota Prius retrofitted with a plug-in battery system on eight routes. Measurements were made using the following: (1) a data logger for the hybrid control system; (2) a portable emissions measurement system; and (3) a global positioning system with barometric altimeter. Trends in EU&E are estimated based on vehicle specific power. Energy economy is quantified based on gasoline consumed by the engine and grid energy consumed by the plug-in battery. Emissions from electricity consumption are estimated based on the power generation mix. Fuel use is approximately 30% lower during plug-in battery use. Grid emissions were higher for CO₂, NO(x), SO₂, and PM compared to tailpipe emissions but lower for CO and hydrocarbons. EU&E depends on engine and plug-in battery operation. The use of two energy sources must be addressed in characterizing fuel economy; overall energy economy is 11% lower if including grid energy use than accounting only for fuel consumption.
authors: Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, USA.
authors: Brandon M
authors: BM
authors: Graver
authors: H Christopher
authors: HC
authors: Frey
authors: Hyung-Wook
authors: HW
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004560:Electricity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions