title: The pivotal role of insulin-like growth factor I in normal mammary development.
abstract: Mammary development begins in puberty in response to an estrogen (E(2)) surge. E(2) does not act alone. It relies on pituitary growth hormone (GH) to induce insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) production in the mammary stromal compartment. In turn, IGF-I permits E(2) (and progesterone) action. During puberty, E(2) and IGF-I synergize for ductal morphogenesis. During pregnancy, progesterone joins IGF-I and E(2) to stimulate secretory differentiation necessary to produce milk. Prolactin stimulates milk production, while transforming growth factor-β inhibits proliferation. The orchestrated action of hormones, growth factors, and receptors necessary for mammary development and function are also critical in breast cancer.
authors: Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. David.Kleinberg@nyumc.org
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Kleinberg
authors: Mary Helen
authors: MH
authors: Barcellos-Hoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I