title: Evaluation of brilliance and visibility of fluorescence and chemiluminescence solution for training of preparing injections.
abstract: Personnel who prepare and administer chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to develop untoward effects. The use of appropriate techniques for preparing these agents is encouraged, and educational training systems that involve the use of a fluorescent or chemiluminescence reagent as placebos have been established to minimize potential exposure to these agents. However, the optimum conditions for the use and visibility of these placebos remain obscure. In this study, our results indicated that the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent reagent decreased when it was used at a concentration greater than 0.01%. Because drops created due to splashes and leaks are extremely small and easily evaporate, it is possible that the fluorescence resulting from such drops readily disappears despite using an anti-evaporation reagent. We also developed a method to evaluate the visibility of the small drop; using this method, we determined the distance at which the drop present on the pin could be seen by the observer. The distance at which the drop was clearly recognized as a pinpoint by using the fluorescence method was almost comparable to that for the chemiluminescence method. In the chemiluminescence method, the drop on the pin was faintly visible as a slightly bright area because of low background when observed at a certain distance that was much greater than that at which the drop was clearly visible; however, such an area was not observed in the fluorescence method. The results of our study will help in the selection of a training method depending on the situation.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan. ishiwata@phar.kindai.ac.jp
authors: Shunji
authors: S
authors: Ishiwata
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Taga
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Sano
authors: Masataka
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Nomiyama
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Harada
authors: Ayako
authors: A
authors: Kita
authors: Mitsutaka
authors: M
authors: Takada
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000032:analysis*; D007267:Injections; D049449:Luminescence; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D012996:Solutions; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000193:education*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012996:Solutions