title: Suppression of proliferation and oxidative stress by extracts of Ganoderma             lucidum in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3.
abstract: Lingzhi (LZ) is a medical mushroom also known as Ganoderma lucidum, which             has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 4,000 years and moreover,             due to its presumed health benefits and apparent absence of side-effects it has             also been widely consumed as a dietary supplement by cancer patients and by individuals             diagnosed with various chronic diseases. The reported benefits of Ganoderma lucidum             may be largely ascribed to its biologically active constituent polysaccharides             and triterpenes known as ganoderic acids having structural similarity to steroid             hormones. Laboratory studies have shown that Ganoderma lucidum enhances immune             functions and also inhibits growth of various cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.             However, the mechanism by which Ganoderma lucidum exerts its chemopreventive activities             remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether Ganoderma lucidum elicits             its anti-tumor effects by suppressing cell growth and inducing antioxidative/detoxification             activity in human ovarian OVCAR-3 cells. The results showed that Ganoderma lucidum             inhibits cell growth and disruption of cell cycle progression via down regulation             of cyclin D1. Chemopreventive activities elicited by Ganoderma lucidum were demonstrated             by the induction of antioxidant SOD and catalase as well as the phase II detoxification             enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase P1             (GSTP1) via the Nrf2 mediated signaling pathway known to provide chemoprotection             against carcinogenicity. These findings indicate that Ganoderma lucidum possesses             chemopreventive potential contributing to its overall health effects and further             suggest that Ganoderma lucidum may have clinical applications as an adjunct supplementary             agent in chemotherapy.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical                     College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors: Tze-Chen
authors: TC
authors: Hsieh
authors: Joseph M
authors: JM
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D014315:Triterpenes; C556862:ganoderic acid; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase