title: Women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction have diminished ankle and hip muscle performance.
abstract: METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize ankle and hip muscle performance in women with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and compare them to matched controls. We hypothesized that ankle plantar flexor strength, and hip extensor and abductor strength and endurance, would be diminished in women with PTTD and this impairment would be on the side of dysfunction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Individuals with PTTD demonstrate impaired walking abilities. Walking gait is strongly dependent on the performance of calf and hip musculature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four middle-aged women (17 with PTTD) participated. Ankle plantar flexor strength was assessed with the single-leg heel raise test. Hip muscle performance, including strength and endurance, were dynamometrically measured. Differences between groups and sides were assessed with a mixed-model analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females with PTTD performed significantly fewer single-leg heel raises and repeated sagittal and frontal plane non-weight-bearing leg lifts, and also had lower hip extensor and abductor torques than age-matched controls. There were no differences between sides for hip strength and endurance measures for either group, but differences between sides in ankle strength measures were noted in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with PTTD demonstrated decreased ankle and hip muscle performance bilaterally.
authors: Jacquelin Perry Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Southern California, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Los Angeles, USA. kulig@usc.edu
authors: Kornelia
authors: K
authors: Kulig
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Popovich
authors: Lisa M
authors: LM
authors: Noceti-Dewit
authors: Stephen F
authors: SF
authors: Reischl
authors: Dong
authors: D
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006615:Hip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D037081:Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology