title: Whole blueberry powder modulates the growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast tumors in nude mice.
abstract: Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that blueberry (BB) extract exhibited antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and decreased metastatic potential in vitro. The current study tested 2 doses of whole BB powder, 5 and 10% (wt:wt) in the diet, against MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in female nude mice. In this study, tumor volume was 75% lower in mice fed the 5% BB diet and 60% lower in mice fed the 10% BB diet than in control mice (P ≤ 0.05). Tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) was lower in the 5 and 10% BB-fed mice and cell death (Caspase 3) was greater in the 10% BB-fed mice compared to control mice (P ≤ 0.05). Gene analysis of tumor tissues from the 5% BB-fed mice revealed significantly altered expression of genes important to inflammation, cancer, and metastasis, specifically, Wnt signaling, thrombospondin-2, IL-13, and IFNγ. To confirm effects on Wnt signaling, analysis of tumor tissues from 5% BB-fed mice revealed lower β-catenin expression and glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation with greater expression of the β-catenin inhibitory protein adenomatous polyposis coli compared to controls. A second study tested the ability of the 5% BB diet to inhibit MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN metastasis in vivo. In this study, 5% BB-fed mice developed 70% fewer liver metastases (P = 0.04) and 25% fewer lymph node metastases (P = 0.09) compared to control mice. This study demonstrates the oral antitumor and metastasis activity of whole BB powder against TNBC in mice.
authors: Division of Tumor Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors: Lynn S
authors: LS
authors: Adams
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Kanaya
authors: Sheryl
authors: S
authors: Phung
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Shiuan
authors: S
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D047368:Tumor Burden; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins