title: Soot-driven reactive oxygen species formation from incense burning.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated as a function of the physicochemistry of incense particulate matter (IPM), diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and carbon black (CB). Microscopical and elemental analyses were used to determine particle morphology and inorganic compounds. ROS was determined using the reactive dye, Dichlorodihydrofluorescin (DCFH), and the Plasmid Scission Assay (PSA), which determine DNA damage. Two common types of soot were observed within IPM, including nano-soot and micro-soot, whereas DEP and CB mainly consisted of nano-soot. These PM were capable of causing oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, especially IPM and DEP. A dose of IPM (36.6-102.3μg/ml) was capable of causing 50% oxidative DNA damage. ROS formation was positively correlated to smaller nano-soot aggregates and bulk metallic compounds, particularly Cu. These observations have important implications for respiratory health given that inflammation has been recognised as an important factor in the development of lung injury/diseases by oxidative stress. This study supports the view that ROS formation by combustion-derived PM is related to PM physicochemistry, and also provides new data for IPM.
authors: School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
authors: Hsiao-Chi
authors: HC
authors: Chuang
authors: Tim P
authors: TP
authors: Jones
authors: Shih-Chun C
authors: SC
authors: Lung
authors: Kelly A
authors: KA
authors: BéruBé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005452:Fluoresceins; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D053260:Soot / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053260:Soot; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; C110423:dihydrofluorescein