title: Extensive necrosis after injection of hyaluronic acid filler: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of dermal fillers for soft tissue augmentation has become an integral part of aesthetic practices. Dermal fillers temporarily remove the appearance of rhytids and reduce the depth of skin folds. Even with the most experienced of injectors, adverse effects can and do occur ranging from mild bruising to severe injection necrosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Physicians should be able to treat the severe complication of vascular necrosis and detect impending necrosis after injection of a dermal filler, especially with hyaluronic acid fillers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of a patient who was followed for 6 months from time of injection of hyaluronic acid filler to complete healing of wound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete wound healing was achieved with early recognition and institution of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We review a case report of injection necrosis and methods used to prevent and treat this complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early recognition of vascular necrosis with specific protocol for treatment after injection necrosis with hyaluronic acid fillers improves the outcome of wound healing.
authors: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 799 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA. drkassir@drkassir.com
authors: Ramtin
authors: R
authors: Kassir
authors: Aparanjita
authors: A
authors: Kolluru
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Kassir
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002610:Cheek / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid