title: GSNOR-mediated de-nitrosylation in the plant defence response.
abstract: A key feature of the plant defence response is the transient engagement of a nitrosative burst, resulting in the synthesis of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs). Specific, highly reactive cysteine (Cys) residues of low pK(a) are a major site of action for these intermediates. The addition of an NO moiety to a Cys thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO), is termed S-nitrosylation. This redox-based post-translational modification is emerging as a key regulator of protein function in plant immunity. Here we highlight recent advances in our understanding of de-nitrosylation, the mechanism that depletes protein SNOs, with a focus on S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). This enzyme controls total cellular S-nitrosylation indirectly during the defence response by turning over S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a major cache of NO bioactivity.
authors: Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom.
authors: Saad I
authors: SI
authors: Malik
authors: Adil
authors: A
authors: Hussain
authors: Byung-Wook
authors: BW
authors: Yun
authors: Steven H
authors: SH
authors: Spoel
authors: Gary J
authors: GJ
authors: Loake
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000502:physiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C087006:formaldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione-independent; D020156:Salicylic Acid