title: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Beijing Communities Diabetes Study 6.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban communities of Beijing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The community health care center-based study included subjects with diabetes mellitus and an age of 20 years to 80 years, who were recruited from 15 community health centers in urban Beijing. Diabetes mellitus was defined using the World Health Organization criteria. Fundus photographs were graded using the modified Airlie House classification system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2,642 eligible patients, 2,007 (76.0%) subjects (1,199 women) with a mean age of 64.1 ± 9.0 years participated. The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 24.7 ± 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.8-26.6). In binary logistic analysis, presence of diabetic retinopathy was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98), longer duration of diabetes (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08-1.12), higher concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.33), higher systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02), lower body mass index (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98), and elevated blood urea concentration (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01). Microalbuminuria was an additional associated factor (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.16-2.08). Patients with microalbuminuria were 4.7 times more likely to have a severe or proliferating diabetic retinopathy than those without microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the urban population of Beijing, prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients was 25%. As in whites, increased blood pressure besides elevated plasma glucose concentrations was highly significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese. It suggests that in Chinese as also in whites, blood pressure control beside control of plasma glucose levels is important to prevent development or progression of diabetic retinopathy.
authors: Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Wen Bin
authors: WB
authors: Wei
authors: Ming Xia
authors: MX
authors: Yuan
authors: Shen Yuan
authors: SY
authors: Yuan
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Wan
authors: Yuan Yuan
authors: YY
authors: Zheng
authors: Yi Bin
authors: YB
authors: Li
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Xu
authors: Han Jing
authors: HJ
authors: Fu
authors: Liang Xiang
authors: LX
authors: Zhu
authors: Xiang Lei
authors: XL
authors: Pu
authors: Jian Dong
authors: JD
authors: Zhang
authors: Xue Ping
authors: XP
authors: Du
authors: Yu Lin
authors: YL
authors: Li
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Ji
authors: Xiao Ning
authors: XN
authors: Gu
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Su Fang
authors: SF
authors: Pan
authors: Xue Li
authors: XL
authors: Cui
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Bai
authors: Yu Jie
authors: YJ
authors: Chen
authors: Zi Min
authors: ZM
authors: Wang
authors: Qing Sheng
authors: QS
authors: Zhu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: De Yuan
authors: DY
authors: Liu
authors: Yun Tao
authors: YT
authors: Ji
authors: Ze
authors: Z
authors: Yang
authors: Jost B
authors: JB
authors: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003151:Community Health Centers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014508:Urea; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human