title: Obtained mydriasis in long-term type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate obtained mydriasis and prevalence of small pupil in long-term type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational cross-sectional study was carried out. We included 107 eyes from 107 patients (mean age: 60.8) with long-term (≥10 years) type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were divided into 2 groups: no apparent diabetic retinopathy (group 1, n=33) and diabetic retinopathy (group 2, n=74). Exclusion criteria were eyes with prior intraocular surgeries, presence of other ocular disorders that may affect iris, or any other condition that precludes the precise measurement of pupil size. Sixty eyes in 60 age-matched nondiabetic patients (mean age: 61.0) scheduled for routine fundoscopy exam were enrolled as control. We measured pupil diameter by pupil gauges at 40 min after instillation of eye drops (phenylephrine 10% and tropicamide 1%). Small pupil was defined as pupil diameter of 6 mm or less.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean pupil diameter was 8.07 mm [standard deviation (SD): 0.59 mm] in the control group, 7.46 mm (SD: 0.71 mm) in group 1, and 7.24 mm (SD: 0.83 mm) in group 2. Both group 1 (P<0.001) and group 2 (P<0.001) showed significant difference when compared with the control group. The incidences of small pupil were 1.9% in the control group, 6.1% in group 1, and 13.5% in group 2. When compared with control, group 2 showed significantly higher incidence of small pupil (P=0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term diabetic patients showed poorer response to pharmacological mydriasis than nondiabetic patients. Higher prevalence of small pupil size was found in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors: Hsiao-Lei
authors: HL
authors: Lei
authors: Ko-Jen
authors: KJ
authors: Yang
authors: Chi-Chin
authors: CC
authors: Sun
authors: Chih-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Chen
authors: Bi-Yu
authors: BY
authors: Huang
authors: Soh Ching
authors: SC
authors: Ng
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Yeung
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015877:Miosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics