title: Defluoridation of water via electrically controlled anion exchange by polyaniline modified electrode reactor.
abstract: A polyaniline (PANI) modified electrode reactor was designed for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The innovative concept behind the reactor design is that the uptake and elute of fluoride could be well controlled by modulating the potential of the PANI film. The maximum fluoride removal capacity of PANI is more than 20 mg/g at a positive voltage based on the electrically controlled anion-exchange mechanism. The results of batch tests showed that terminal potential values had a major impact on fluoride removal by this PANI, with optimal removal occurring at 1.5 V. The fluoride removal capacity (q(e)) increased rapidly within 5 min and reached equilibrium within 10 min, which indicated a rapid removal velocity of fluoride by PANI under this condition. The applicability of defluoridation using the PANI reactor to treat fluoride-contaminated tap water was also tested through flow cell breakthrough studies. At initial fluoride concentrations of 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L, the breakthrough capacities were 20.08 mg/g and 19.24 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, during the first half of the period before the breakthrough point, the fluoride concentration of the treated solution was below the WHO's recommended levels (1.5 mg/L). The results of the five consecutive treatment-regeneration studies also showed that the PANI films could be reused. Taken together, these results implied that the electrically controlled anion exchange by the PANI-modified electrode reactor may be an effective technique for the removal of fluoride from water.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Cui
authors: Qin
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Qian
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Tang
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: An
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Zhai
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000838:Anions; D004560:Electricity; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005459:Fluorides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007477:Ions; D058105:Polymerization; D011199:Potentiometry; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification; D060753:Water Quality; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000838:Anions; D007477:Ions; D017971:Tin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C416807:polyaniline; D014867:Water; C109984:indium tin oxide; D005459:Fluorides