title: Pain in long-term adult survivors of childhood cancers and their siblings: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
abstract: Little is known about pain among long-term adult survivors of childhood cancers. The study investigated pain prevalence in this population compared with sibling controls and examined pain-related risk factors. Three self-reported pain outcomes including pain conditions, prescription analgesics used, and pain attributed to cancer and treatment were assessed among 10,397 cancer survivors and 3034 sibling controls from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Pain conditions (pain/abnormal sensation, migraines, and other headaches) were reported by 12.3%, 15.5%, and 20.5% of survivors, respectively; 16.7% of survivors reported use of prescription analgesics, and 21% attributed pain to cancer and treatment. Risks of reporting pain conditions and using prescription analgesics were higher among survivors than siblings, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Younger age at diagnosis and a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms tumor, or neuroblastoma (compared to leukemia) were associated with greater risk of reporting pain conditions. A history of bone cancer or soft tissue sarcoma (compared to leukemia) was associated with greater risks of using prescription analgesics and cancer-related pain attribution. Non-brain-directed scatter irradiation was associated with elevated risk for migraines and cancer-related pain attribution. Female gender and lower educational attainment were associated with increased reports of all 3 pain outcomes; minority status, unemployment, and being single were associated with greater risks for reporting pain conditions. These findings contribute to the understanding of pain and associated risk factors among adult survivors of childhood cancer and suggest areas of focus for pain intervention.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA Pediatric Pain Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA University of Michigan, School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Division of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Lu
authors: Kevin R
authors: KR
authors: Krull
authors: Wendy
authors: W
authors: Leisenring
authors: Jason E
authors: JE
authors: Owen
authors: Toana
authors: T
authors: Kawashima
authors: Jennie C I
authors: JCI
authors: Tsao
authors: Bradley
authors: B
authors: Zebrack
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Mertens
authors: Gregory T
authors: GT
authors: Armstrong
authors: Marilyn
authors: M
authors: Stovall
authors: Leslie L
authors: LL
authors: Robison
authors: Lonnie K
authors: LK
authors: Zeltzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013995:Time; D055815:Young Adult