title: Hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by gastroduodenal obstruction: palliative treatment with metallic stent placement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of self-expandable metallic stents in seven patients with malignant gastroduodenal obstruction caused by inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with gastroduodenal obstruction caused by advanced HCC underwent metallic stent placement from 2003 to 2010. These patients had total dysphagia (n = 5) or were able to eat only liquids (n = 2) before stent placement. Patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance scores of 2 or 3, and Child-Pugh classification B or C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent placement was technically successful in all seven patients (100%) and clinically successful in six (86%). Five patients could eat a soft diet, and one patient tolerated regular diet after stent placement. Stent-related obstructive jaundice occurred in one patient. One patient had hematemesis 11 days after stent placement. Overall mean survival was 51 days (range, 10-119 days). Stent patency was preserved in six patients with clinical success until death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of a covered self-expandable metallic stent may offer good palliation in patients with gastroduodenal obstruction due to advanced HCC.
authors: Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Ye Jin
authors: YJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jin Hyoung
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Ho-Young
authors: HY
authors: Song
authors: Jung-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Han Kyu
authors: HK
authors: Na
authors: Pyeong Hwa
authors: PH
authors: Kim
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Fan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008670:Metals