title: In vivo bone response and interfacial properties of titanium-alloy implant with different designs in rabbit model with time.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using implants for dental applications are well-accepted procedures as one of the solutions for periodontal defect repair. Suitable design and materials, their reaction with the surrounding hard tissues and interfacial biomechanical properties are still considered to be the primary criteria which need to be addressed systematically. In the present study, a thorough and systemic approach was made to identify a suitable implant, considering the above criteria after both in vitro and in vivo animal trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants, with thread and without thread models, were implanted to the mid-metaphysial portion of the tibia of the right hind leg of three white Australian Chinchilla rabbit species and their effects and response to the surrounding bone were investigated. Parameters studied included hematological and biochemical features (serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium), both preoperatively and postoperatively, consecutively for 7 days and after 1-3 months. The interfacial integrity and compositional variation along the interface were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and histopathology from 1 to 3 months consecutively. Finally, biomechanical properties were studied with the help of push-out test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone remineralization started through the process of electro-physiological ionic exchanges, which helps in formation of osteoblastic cells in the area of bony injury. The SEM-EDAX results confirmed the initial stability for the Ti (with thread) implant, but the regeneration of new bone formation was faster in the case of Ti (Without thread) implant, and hence could be used for faster healing. These have also been substantiated through push-out and histopathlogical tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the physico-chemical and biomechanical observations, it was found that that smooth type implants were well accepted in the physiological condition although chances of elemental leaching from the surface were also observed. Increase of the surface roughness can help into the formation of physico-chemical bondage with the surrounding hard tissues.
authors: Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors: Abhijit
authors: A
authors: Chakraborty
authors: Biswanath
authors: B
authors: Kundu
authors: Debabrata
authors: D
authors: Basu
authors: Tamal Kanti
authors: TK
authors: Pal
authors: Samit Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Nandi
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium