title: Peritoneal dialysis-associated nontuberculous mycobacterium peritonitis: a systematic review of reported cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritonitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is an important complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of PD complicated by NTM peritonitis reported in the English language literature were identified in the PubMed database. The characteristics of these cases were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 41 articles, we identified 57 cases of PD-associated NTM peritonitis in patients ranging from 5 to 82 years. The prevalent clinical findings of these cases were fever, abdominal pain, cloudy fluid and an elevated leukocyte count in peritoneal fluid. These findings were non-specific and could not be differentiated from symptoms caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or other bacteria. The majority of these cases received empirical antibacterial therapy before diagnosis of NTM peritonitis. Isolates in more than half of the peritonitis cases were the rapidly growing Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium fortuitum (38.6%) and Mycobacterium chelonae (14.0%). In most cases, PD catheters were removed and experience with non-removal was limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis of NTM infection should be considered in PD patients with peritonitis that are culture negative or refractory to empirical antibiotic therapy.
authors: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, People’s Republic of China.
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Song
authors: Jianyong
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Huiling
authors: H
authors: Yan
authors: Jianghua
authors: J
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents