title: Bubble proliferation in the cavitation field of a shock wave lithotripter.
abstract: Lithotripter shock waves (SWs) generated in non-degassed water at 0.5 and 2 Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) were characterized using a fiber-optic hydrophone. High-speed imaging captured the inertial growth-collapse-rebound cycle of cavitation bubbles, and continuous recording with a 60 fps camcorder was used to track bubble proliferation over successive SWs. Microbubbles that seeded the generation of bubble clouds formed by the breakup of cavitation jets and by bubble collapse following rebound. Microbubbles that persisted long enough served as cavitation nuclei for subsequent SWs, as such bubble clouds were enhanced at fast PRF. Visual tracking suggests that bubble clouds can originate from single bubbles.
authors: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. yurapish@gmail.com
authors: Yuri A
authors: YA
authors: Pishchalnikov
authors: James C
authors: JC
authors: Williams
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: McAteer
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D045423:Microbubbles; D009038:Motion; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water