title: When causality does not imply correlation: more spadework at the foundations of scientific psychology.
abstract: Experimental research in psychology is based on an open-loop causal model which assumes that sensory input causes behavioral output. This model was tested in a tracking experiment where participants were asked to control a cursor, keeping it aligned with a target by moving a mouse to compensate for disturbances of differing difficulty. Since cursor movements (inputs) are the only observable cause of mouse movements (outputs), the open-loop model predicts that there will be a correlation between input and output that increases as tracking performance improves. In fact, the correlation between sensory input and motor output is very low regardless of the quality of tracking performance; causality, in terms of the effect of input on output, does not seem to imply correlation in this situation. This surprising result can be explained by a closed-loop model which assumes that input is causing output while output is causing input.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. rsmarken@gmail.com
authors: Richard S
authors: RS
authors: Marken
authors: Brittany
authors: B
authors: Horth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D015984:Causality; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011589:Psychology, Experimental; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013223:Statistics as Topic