title: Isometric non-machine-based prevention training program: effects on the cross-sectional area of the paravertebral muscles on magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine potential effects of isometric non-machine-based training on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the paravertebral muscles in volunteers who were participants in a prevention program. An increase in the CSA of back muscles after various machine-based exercises have been reported but non-machine-based training programs have not been adressed before.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study 14 volunteers, who were participants of a company internal prevention program, underwent a magnetic resonance (MR) examination before and after a 3 months training program to improve back muscle strength. The MRI protocol consisted of T1-weighted and T2-weighted images aligned to the intervertebral disc spaces. The CSAs of the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles were assessed twice by 2 operators at the levels L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 14 subjects 11 completed the training. The recorded CSA values exhibited an intrarater and intrarater correlation coefficient ranging from 0.949 to 0.989. There was an increase in CSA in all subjects after the training period (mean increase 8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3-month isometric training program is sufficient to effect measurable increases in back muscles volume. The study demonstrated the usefulness of MRI to quantify such changes as a measure of training efficacy and compliance into the training program. These results represent a rationale for further studies to determine the effect of different training methods on the CSA of back muscles and to correlate structural changes with clinical symptoms in chronic low back pain syndrome.
authors: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Stiftungsklinikum Mittelrhein Koblenz, Johannes-Müller-Str. 7, 56068, Koblenz, Deutschland. stephanie.lescher@stiftungsklinikum.de
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Lescher
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bender
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Eifler
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Haas
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Gruber
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Felber
mesh_terms: D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional / Q000379:methods; D001415:Back / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome