title: RIN transcription factor plays an important role in ethylene biosynthesis of tomato fruit ripening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transcription factor RIN (Ripening Inhibitor) belongs to the MADS box family and regulates tomato ripening. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for studying gene function and down-regulation of specific gene expression in plants. In this study, VIGS was employed in silencing the LeRIN gene to determine whether and how RIN transcription factor regulated gene expression of ethylene biosynthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-LeRIN (LeACS2, LeACS4, LeACO1) VIGS fruits significantly developed green colour phenotypes, whereas control fruits turned red normally. Strikingly, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities in the green sections of VIGS fruits were significantly lower than those in control fruits. Dissection of the silenced areas for analysis showed that silencing of LeRIN represses LeACS2, LeACS4 and LeACO1 expression, which consequently leads to inhibited ripening. In particular, the results indicated that RIN transcription factor binds to the promoter of LeACS4 in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The syringe infiltration method of VIGS was successfully applied to silence the LeRIN, LeACS2, LeACS4 and LeACO1 genes in tomato fruits. In addition, the target genes of RIN transcription factor in ethylene biosynthesis were identified. The results are critical for understanding the mechanism of ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit ripening.
authors: College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Benzhong
authors: B
authors: Zhu
authors: Daqi
authors: D
authors: Fu
authors: Yunbo
authors: Y
authors: Luo
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020868:Gene Silencing; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008190:Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010858:Pigmentation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C036216:ethylene; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C059460:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase; D008190:Lyases; C021773:1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase