title: A multiparametric assay to compare the cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers with primary human osteoblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cytotoxicity of four endodontic sealers (Sealapex, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Real Seal and MTA Fillapex) either 1 or 7 days after mixing, when assessed through a multiparametric analysis employing human primary cells closely related to periapical tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracts of each sealer were prepared following 24-h exposure to culture media, at either 24 h or 7 days after mixing. Primary human osteoblasts were exposed to extracts for 24 h, at 37 °C with 5% CO(2) , and cell viability was evaluated by a multiparametric assay assessing sequentially, on the same cells, mitochondrial activity (XTT), membrane integrity (neutral red test) and total cell density (crystal violet dye exclusion test). Results from each test and experimental time were compared by 2-way analysis of variance (anova).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All endodontic sealers had strong cytotoxicity 24 h after mixing, according to all parameters evaluated. At a longer setting period (7 days), viability for Sealapex was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and Pulp Canal Sealer achieved levels of cytocompatibility similar to the control group. The anova indicated a general correlation between the cytotoxicity of the materials and the time after mixing, with some level of dependence on the cell viability assay employed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All materials had high cytotoxic levels for human primary cells, mostly on a time-dependent basis, as shown by three different cell viability tests.
authors: Laboratory of Experimental Cell Culture, Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ. Brazil.
authors: M Z
authors: MZ
authors: Scelza
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Linhares
authors: L E
authors: LE
authors: da Silva
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Granjeiro
authors: G G
authors: GG
authors: Alves
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D002452:Cell Count; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000633:toxicity; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005840:Gentian Violet; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008422:Materials Testing; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009499:Neutral Red; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000633:toxicity; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000633:toxicity; D017640:Silicates / Q000633:toxicity; D013696:Temperature; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013997:Time Factors; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010087:Oxides; C511498:Real Seal composite resin; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012459:Salicylates; D017640:Silicates; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C055601:Sealapex; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D009499:Neutral Red; D005840:Gentian Violet; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide