title: Temporal variation in epidermal flavonoids due to altered solar UV radiation is moderated by the leaf position in Betula pendula.
abstract: The physiological mechanisms controlling plant responses to dynamic changes in ambient solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are not fully understood: this information is important to further comprehend plant adaptation to their natural habitats. We used the fluorimeter Dualex to estimate in vivo the epidermal flavonoid contents by measuring epidermal UV absorbance (A(375) ) in Betula pendula Roth (silver birch) leaves of different ages under altered UV. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 15 days without UV and transferred outdoors under three UV treatments (UV-0, UV-A and UV-A+B) created by three types of plastic film. After 7 and 13 days, Dualex measurements were taken at adaxial and abaxial epidermis of the first three leaves (L1, L2 and L3) of the seedlings. After 14 days, some of the seedlings were reciprocally swapped amongst the treatments to study the accumulation of epidermal flavonoids in the youngest unfolded leaves (L3) during leaf expansion under changing solar UV environments. A(375)  of the leaves responded differently to the UV treatment depending on their position. UV-B increased the A(375)  in the leaves independently of leaf position. L3 quickly adjusted A(375)  in their epidermis according to the UV they received and these adjustments were affected by previous UV exposure. The initial absence of UV-A+B or UV-A, followed by exposure to UV-A+B, particularly enhanced leaf A(375) . Silver birch leaves modulate their protective pigments in response to changes in the UV environment during their expansion, and their previous UV exposure history affects the epidermal-absorbance achieved during later UV exposure.
authors: Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. luis.morales@helsinki.fi
authors: Luis O
authors: LO
authors: Morales
authors: Riitta
authors: R
authors: Tegelberg
authors: Mikael
authors: M
authors: Brosché
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Lindfors
authors: Sari
authors: S
authors: Siipola
authors: Pedro J
authors: PJ
authors: Aphalo
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D029662:Betula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005387:Finland; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013472:Sunlight; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids