title: Posterior nutcracker syndrome.
abstract: Renal vein compression syndromes are rare causes of hematuria and can be divided into anterior and posterior nutcracker syndrome. When the left renal vein is compressed between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery it causes anterior nutcracker syndrome. The posterior nutcracker syndrome is very rare and is considered when the left renal vein is compressed between the aorta and vertebral column. Symptoms of nutcracker syndromes may include intermittent left flank pain associated with hematuria, proteinuria, and sometimes with symptoms of pelvic congestion. Diagnosis is often difficult and plan for treatment is always challenging and requires careful evaluation of the patient's history and workup findings. We present a rare case report of a posterior nutcracker syndrome diagnosed in a young lady with long-standing symptoms that required surgical intervention.
authors: Department of Vascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. nskeik@yahoo.com
authors: Nedaa
authors: N
authors: Skeik
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Gloviczki
authors: Thanila A
authors: TA
authors: Macedo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017130:Angioplasty; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D021501:Flank Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex