title: Incidence of kidney stones with topiramate treatment in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We ran this study to assess the incidence of nephrolithiasis in a group of children on topiramate (TPM) therapy for at least 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective observational surveillance study, we reviewed the medical charts of children on TPM for at least 1 year seen at the pediatric neurology department during the period from 2005 to 2010 at King Fahad Medical City. Children with a normal baseline ultrasound report were included. Follow-up ultrasound reports after at least 1 year were collected. However, patients with any evidence of chronic illness or medications that may affect the kidney functions in addition to those who are not compliant with the prescribed dose were excluded. Family history of renal stones, symptoms suggestive of urologic disorders, and comorbidities were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medical charts of 96 children on TPM with a mean age of 6.9 (±3.8) years were reviewed; 52 (54.2%) of the children were male. The follow-up ultrasound showed that five children (5.2%) had developed kidney stones. The occurrence of kidney stones was found in four female patients (80%) versus one male (20%) (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term use of TPM may result in increased incidence of asymptomatic kidney stones in the pediatric population. Hence, routine baseline and follow-up ultrasound of the urinary system should be recommended during the use of TPM in children.
authors: Pediatric Neurology Department, Neurosciences Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. amahmoud10@yahoo.ca
authors: Adel A H
authors: AA
authors: Mahmoud
authors: Tamer
authors: T
authors: Rizk
authors: Nahid K
authors: NK
authors: El-Bakri
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Riaz
authors: Samer
authors: S
authors: Dannawi
authors: Mohamad
authors: M
authors: Al Tannir
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose