title: The relation of violence exposure and ethnicity to intelligence and verbal-performance discrepancies in incarcerated male adolescents.
abstract: Incarcerated populations have an estimated incidence of intellectual disabilities (IDs) far higher than national norms, ranging as high as 10%. In the present study, the relation between ID and violence exposure in 115 incarcerated adolescents was examined. Interpersonal violence exposure (IPV-E) predicted an average decrease in full scale IQ of 4.5 points, explaining approximately 5% of the difference in IQ. Child maltreatment increased the odds of having a verbal disability by three folds and explained 17% of the variance in verbal disability. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the relative contribution of ethnicity, poverty, and violence exposure to intellectual functioning. The literature on racial bias in incarceration and the implications for the present study are discussed.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5765, USA. sperkinz@umich.edu
authors: Suzanne C
authors: SC
authors: Perkins
authors: Joanne P
authors: JP
authors: Smith-Darden
authors: Sandra A
authors: SA
authors: Graham-Bermann
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D003415:Crime / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007360:Intelligence; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult