title: Hot-topic debate on kidney function: renal-sparing approaches are ineffective.
abstract: 1. Both acute kidney injury and chronic renal disease are common in patients undergoing liver transplantation. The etiologies are mixed. 2. The incidence of chronic renal failure after liver transplantation is unacceptable, and it has a significant impact on long-term outcomes after liver transplantation. 3. The role of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in the development of posttransplant chronic renal failure is likely overrated. 4. The use of CNIs in the early posttransplant period is currently essential. 5. Whether new agents will be able to provide effective immunosuppression as primary immunosuppressives remains to be proven.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. lakex009@umn.edu
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Lake
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000379:methods*; D009017:Morbidity
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents