title: Long-term safety of radiotherapy and breast cancer laterality in older survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) following surgery for breast cancer improves overall survival, controversy exists about its long-term adverse impact on cardiovascular health in older survivors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with RT and whether tumor laterality modifies this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women aged 65+ years diagnosed with stage I and II breast cancer between 1990 and 1994 were identified from three health plans. Women were followed through CVD outcomes, health plan disenrollment, death, or study end (December 31, 2004). The main independent variable was RT use. Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent tamoxifen and RT use status. We adjusted for age, race, stage, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor, hypertension, and diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the full cohort (N = 806), RT was not associated with greater risk of CVD (maximum follow-up was 14 years). However, within the RT-exposed group (N = 340), women treated for left-side breast cancer had a significant increased risk of CVD outcomes (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.06-2.21) compared with women with right-sided tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laterality is critical to understanding the effect of RT on CVD. Studies of more contemporary cohorts of women treated with RT should incorporate this variable to determine whether the risk persists with refinements in the dosing and delivery of RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As some irradiation to the heart is unavoidable even with refined modern RT techniques, continued effort is required to minimize such exposures, especially in older women with left-sided tumors.
authors: Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA. Reina.Haque@kp.org
authors: Reina
authors: R
authors: Haque
authors: Marianne Ulcickas
authors: MU
authors: Yood
authors: Ann M
authors: AM
authors: Geiger
authors: Aruna
authors: A
authors: Kamineni
authors: Chantal C
authors: CC
authors: Avila
authors: Jiaxiao
authors: J
authors: Shi
authors: Rebecca A
authors: RA
authors: Silliman
authors: Virginia P
authors: VP
authors: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D017741:Survivors