title: The association of intrapartum antibiotic exposure with the incidence and antibiotic resistance of infantile late-onset serious bacterial infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The widespread use of intrapartum antibiotics (IPA) has raised concerns regarding the adverse effects on the newborn.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if IPA is associated with infantile late-onset serious bacterial infections (SBIs) and with antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2005 to 2009, data were prospectively collected for all infants born at our center, aged 7 to 90 days, who were hospitalized for fever. Cases included infants with culture-proven SBIs, and controls included infants without SBIs. Results. A total of 71 cases and 124 controls were included. IPA was documented in 11.3% of cases and in 7.3% of controls (P = .34). Among cases, ampicillin resistance was documented in 85% of antibiotic-exposed infants and in 63% of nonexposed infants (P = .19). Corresponding rates for first-generation cephalosporin resistance in urinary tract infection were 75% and 23.5% (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPA is associated with a trend toward increased antibiotic resistance in late-onset SBIs. This should be taken into consideration in the selection of empirical therapy for febrile infants.
authors: Schneider Children's Medical Center and Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. ashkenazi.liat@gmail.com
authors: Liat
authors: L
authors: Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
authors: Nir
authors: N
authors: Melamed
authors: Avi
authors: A
authors: Ben-Haroush
authors: Gilat
authors: G
authors: Livni
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Amir
authors: Efraim
authors: E
authors: Bilavsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents