title: Examining supply changes in Australia's cocaine market.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Media attention to cocaine use and supply has increased following some of the largest cocaine seizures in Australia's history. Whether there has been an expansion in supply remains unclear. This paper examines the evidence behind assertions of increased supply in Australia and the scale and nature of any apparent increase, using proxy indicators of cocaine importation, distribution and use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight proxies of cocaine importation, distribution and use were adopted, including amount of importation, mode of importation and supply flows to Australia. Each proxy indicator was sourced using publicly available and Australia-wide data, including information on the total weight of border seizures, mode of detection and country of embarkation of individual seizures. Data permitting, trends were examined for up to a 12 year period (1997-1998 to 2009-2010).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 2006-2007 there was evidence of increased cocaine importation, albeit less than between 1998-1999 and 2001-2002. There were further signs that the 2006-2007 expansion coincided with a diversification of trafficking routes to and through Australia (beyond the traditional site of entry-Sydney) and shifts in the geographic distribution of use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The congruity between indicators suggests that there has been a recent expansion in cocaine supply to and distribution within Australia, but that the more notable shift has concerned the nature of supply, with an apparent growth in importation and distribution beyond New South Wales. The diversification of cocaine supply routes may increase risks of market entrenchment and organised crime throughout Australia.
authors: Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. caitlin.hughes@unsw.edu.au
authors: Caitlin E
authors: CE
authors: Hughes
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Chalmers
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Bright
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: Matthew-Simmons
authors: Natasha
authors: N
authors: Sindicich
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003042:Cocaine / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D003415:Crime / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000600:supply & distribution*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D003042:Cocaine