title: Second-line therapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a literature review.
abstract: Despite a survival benefit in the first-line treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with docetaxel, the prognosis remains limited. There are increasing options available for patients with CRPC in the second-line setting, but there is currently little consensus regarding the optimal treatment. There have been numerous phase II and retrospective studies examining second-line options in CRPC, including retreatment with docetaxel, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide and carboplatin, which can be associated with meaningful responses in a significant minority of patients. In 2010 three randomized trials were published or presented which demonstrated a survival benefit in the second-line setting. These included cabazitaxel compared with mitoxantrone, sipuleucel-T (immunotherapy) and abiraterone acetate versus placebo. Ongoing research in the second-line setting of CRPC to optimize treatment options, with the objectives of survival prolongation, improvement in quality of life and pain management, is still needed.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: S C-H
authors: SC
authors: Kao
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hovey
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Marx
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D019233:Retreatment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome