title: Pre-pregnancy risk assessment and counselling of the cardiac patient.
abstract: Pregnant women with heart disease often have an increased risk of maternal cardiovascular and offspring complications. The magnitude of these risks varies depending on the type and severity of the underlying disease. Therefore risk assessment should be performed before pregnancy. This can be accomplished by taking into account predictors and risk scores that have been developed in large populations of pregnant women with heart disease, as well as by consulting disease-specific pregnancy literature. A system that integrates all available knowledge about the risk of pregnancy is the adapted World Health Organisation risk classification. The safety of pregnancy for women with heart disease can be enhanced by adequate risk assessment and counselling.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands, p.g.pieper@thorax.umcg.nl.
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Pieper