title: Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, and Ki67 in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, and Ki67 can predict therapy response and survival in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with preoperative chemoradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomarker expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pretreatment biopsies of 111 homogenously treated patients. We assessed the association between clinicopathological variables including response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as well as the survival of the patients and the expression of the biomarkers as both dichotomized (positive vs. negative) and continuous variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomarker overexpression on the basis of pre-selected cutoff points was seen in 66 of 111 (59%) cases for p53, in 77 (69%) for p21, in 48 (43%) for p27, in 81 (73%) for cyclin D1, and in 54 (49%) cases for Ki67, respectively. None of the examined biomarkers was able to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or was associated with survival outcome. Post-treatment pathologic TNM stage (P < 0.001), pathologic response (P < 0.001), and perineural invasion (P < 0.001) were the only factors having a significant effect on recurrence-free survival. Post-treatment pathologic N stage (P = 0.005), post-treatment pathologic TNM stage (P < 0.001), pathologic response (P < 0.001), and perineural invasion (P = 0.001) had a significant impact on overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the biomarkers p53, p21, p27, cyclin D1, and Ki67 have no impact on treatment response and survival in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation.
authors: Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. christos.perisanidis@meduniwien.ac.at
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Perisanidis
authors: Beata
authors: B
authors: Perisanidis
authors: Fritz
authors: F
authors: Wrba
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Brandstetter
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: El Gazzar
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Papadogeorgakis
authors: Rudolf
authors: R
authors: Seemann
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Ewers
authors: Panayiotis A
authors: PA
authors: Kyzas
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Filipits
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000032:analysis*; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000032:analysis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27