title: Protective effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin on oxidative stress in healthy smokers.
abstract: Free radicals induced by cigarette smoking have been strongly linked to increased oxidative stress in vivo, contributing to the pathobiology of various diseases. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin (ASX), which has been known to be a potent antioxidant, on oxidative stress in smokers. Thirty-nine heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes/day) and 39 non-smokers were enrolled in this study. Smokers were randomly divided into three dosage groups to receive ASX at doses of 5, 20, or 40 mg (n=13, each) once daily for 3 weeks. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, isoprostane, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity, and ASX levels in plasma were measured at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment. Compared with baseline, the plasma malondialdehyde and isoprostane levels decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase level and total antioxidant capacity increased in all ASX intervention groups over the 3-week period. In particular, isoprostane levels showed a significant dose-dependent decrease after ASX intake. The results suggest that ASX supplementation might prevent oxidative damage in smokers by suppressing lipid peroxidation and stimulating the activity of the antioxidant system in smokers.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmaceutical Education and Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Ji Hae
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Min Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Chang
authors: Hye Duck
authors: HD
authors: Choi
authors: Yeo-Kyu
authors: YK
authors: Youn
authors: Jung Tae
authors: JT
authors: Kim
authors: Jung Mi
authors: JM
authors: Oh
authors: Wan Gyoon
authors: WG
authors: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005609:Free Radicals; D028421:Isoprostanes; D024341:Xanthophylls; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C005948:astaxanthine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase