title: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing.
abstract: Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient variability in the dose required to achieve target anticoagulation. Common genetic variants in the cytochrome P450-2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K-epoxide reductase complex (VKORC1) enzymes, in addition to known nongenetic factors, account for ~50% of warfarin dose variability. The purpose of this article is to assist in the interpretation and use of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype data for estimating therapeutic warfarin dose to achieve an INR of 2-3, should genotype results be available to the clinician. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) of the National Institutes of Health Pharmacogenomics Research Network develops peer-reviewed gene-drug guidelines that are published and updated periodically on http://www.pharmgkb.org based on new developments in the field.(1).
authors: Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Johnson@cop.ufl.edu
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Johnson
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Gong
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Whirl-Carrillo
authors: B F
authors: BF
authors: Gage
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Scott
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Stein
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Anderson
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Kimmel
authors: M T M
authors: MT
authors: Lee
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pirmohamed
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wadelius
authors: T E
authors: TE
authors: Klein
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Altman
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000592:standards*; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C578523:VKORC1 protein, human; D064417:Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases