title: Blueberries reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-6 production in mouse macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation and the MAPK pathway.
abstract: Blueberries (BB) have been reported to attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-) ) mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BB in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AIN-93G diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried BB for 5 wk. TNF-α and IL-6 were lower in serum of BB-fed mice and TNF-α expression in aorta was down-regulated with BB feeding. Protein level and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in the peritoneal macrophages from mice fed BB without or with LPS or oxLDL stimulation. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with polyphenol-enriched extracts made from the sera of rats fed CD (SEC) or CD containing 10% BB (SEB). SEB significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, SEB inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, NF-κB p65, MAPK p38 and JNK. All of these are important signaling pathways involved in the production of TNF-α and IL-6.
authors: USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Chuldren's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
authors: Chenghui
authors: C
authors: Xie
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Kang
authors: Matthew E
authors: ME
authors: Ferguson
authors: Shanmugam
authors: S
authors: Nagarajan
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Badger
authors: Xianli
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029798:Blueberry Plants; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases