title: Integration of cell phone imaging with microchip ELISA to detect ovarian cancer HE4 biomarker in urine at the point-of-care.
abstract: Ovarian cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages and most patients present with advanced levels of disease. The lack of cost-effective methods that can achieve frequent, simple and non-invasive testing hinders early detection and causes high mortality in ovarian cancer patients. Here, we report a simple and inexpensive microchip ELISA-based detection module that employs a portable detection system, i.e., a cell phone/charge-coupled device (CCD) to quantify an ovarian cancer biomarker, HE4, in urine. Integration of a mobile application with a cell phone enabled immediate processing of microchip ELISA results, which eliminated the need for a bulky, expensive spectrophotometer. The HE4 level detected by a cell phone or a lensless CCD system was significantly elevated in urine samples from cancer patients (n = 19) than healthy controls (n = 20) (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that the microchip ELISA coupled with a cell phone running an automated analysis mobile application had a sensitivity of 89.5% at a specificity of 90%. Under the same specificity, the microchip ELISA coupled with a CCD had a sensitivity of 84.2%. In conclusion, integration of microchip ELISA with cell phone/CCD-based colorimetric measurement technology can be used to detect HE4 biomarker at the point-of-care (POC), paving the way to create bedside technologies for diagnostics and treatment monitoring.
authors: Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors: Shuqi
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Xiaohu
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Imran
authors: I
authors: Khimji
authors: Ragip
authors: R
authors: Akbas
authors: Weiliang
authors: W
authors: Qiu
authors: Dale
authors: D
authors: Edwards
authors: Daniel W
authors: DW
authors: Cramer
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Ye
authors: Utkan
authors: U
authors: Demirci
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine; D040421:Cell Phone; D003124:Colorimetry; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D030501:Epididymal Secretory Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018511:Systems Integration; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D023083:beta-Defensins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C426184:DEFB126 protein, human; D030501:Epididymal Secretory Proteins; D023083:beta-Defensins