title: Effect of eliminating the residual fluoride gel on titanium bracket corrosion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluoride ions, in long-term applications on titanium brackets, cause their corrosion. Fluoride gel used for caries prevention during orthodontic treatment has a very high concentration in fluoride ions, and therefore has the potential for causing bracket corrosion. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of eliminating the residual fluoride gel, by rinsing it, on the corrosion of titanium brackets. The secondary aim was to evaluate the corrosion of titanium brackets in the presence of fluoride gel.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred titanium brackets were divided into five groups of 20 brackets each. Group 1 being the control group, the rest of the groups were immersed in fluoride gel: Group 2 for 4 minutes and kept for 30 minutes with the residual fluoride gel on; Group 3 for 4 minutes followed by immediate water rinsing; Group 4 for 12 minutes and kept for 90 minutes with the residual fluoride gel on and Group 5 for 12 minutes followed by immediate water rinsing. All groups were rinsed then dried, for 20 hours, using Silica gel in a desiccator maintained at 37°C before testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gravimetrical results and SEM analysis showed no significant difference between Groups 2, 3 and 5 compared to each other and to the control group. Only Group 4 showed significant weight loss and pitting corrosion in four of the 20 brackets. In sliding resistance, no significant difference was detected between any of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short time applications of fluoride gel do not affect sliding resistance of titanium brackets. No titanium corrosion was detected for one application of concentrated fluoride gel and some brackets showed pitting corrosion for three applications. The rinsing of residual fluoride gel eliminates completely the risk of bracket corrosion.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors: Elie S
authors: ES
authors: Khoury
authors: Maher
authors: M
authors: Abboud
authors: Nayla
authors: N
authors: Bassil-Nassif
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Bouserhal
mesh_terms: D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry*; D003343:Corrosion; D003890:Desiccation; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D007477:Ions; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D007477:Ions; D000149:Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; D014025:Titanium