title: Diagnosis of breast cancer using diffuse optical spectroscopy from 500 to 1600 nm: comparison of classification methods.
abstract: We report on the use of diffuse optical spectroscopy analysis of breast spectra acquired in the wavelength range from 500 to 1600 nm with a fiber optic probe. A total of 102 ex vivo samples of five different breast tissue types, namely adipose, glandular, fibroadenoma, invasive carcinoma, and ductal carcinoma in situ from 52 patients were measured. A model deriving from the diffusion theory was applied to the measured spectra in order to extract clinically relevant parameters such as blood, water, lipid, and collagen volume fractions, β-carotene concentration, average vessels radius, reduced scattering amplitude, Mie slope, and Mie-to-total scattering fraction. Based on a classification and regression tree algorithm applied to the derived parameters, a sensitivity-specificity of 98%-99%, 84%-95%, 81%-98%, 91%-95%, and 83%-99% were obtained for discrimination of adipose, glandular, fibroadenoma, invasive carcinoma, and ductal carcinoma in situ, respectively; and a multiple classes overall diagnostic performance of 94%. Sensitivity-specificity values obtained for discriminating malignant from nonmalignant tissue were compared to existing reported studies by applying the different classification methods that were used in each of these studies. Furthermore, in these reported studies, either lipid or β-carotene was considered as adipose tissue precursors. We estimate both chromophore concentrations and demonstrate that lipid is a better discriminator for adipose tissue than β-carotene.
authors: Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands. rami.nachabe@philips.com
authors: Rami
authors: R
authors: Nachabé
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Evers
authors: Benno H W
authors: BH
authors: Hendriks
authors: Gerald W
authors: GW
authors: Lucassen
authors: Marjolein
authors: M
authors: van der Voort
authors: Emiel J
authors: EJ
authors: Rutgers
authors: Marie-Jeanne Vrancken
authors: MJ
authors: Peeters
authors: Jos A
authors: JA
authors: Van der Hage
authors: Hester S
authors: HS
authors: Oldenburg
authors: Jelle
authors: J
authors: Wesseling
authors: Theo J M
authors: TJ
authors: Ruers
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008055:Lipids; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D019207:beta Carotene; D014867:Water; D003094:Collagen