title: Psychometric properties and feasibility of instruments used to assess awareness of deficits after acquired brain injury:  a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unawareness of deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI) is often reported in the clinic. Several methods have been developed to measure a patient's awareness of deficits after ABI; however, no criterion standard currently exists to measure this phenomenon.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review all instruments for measuring awareness of deficits and evaluate their psychometric and conceptual properties as well as their feasibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature search for available awareness measurement instruments used in experimental ABI studies. Instruments were divided into the following 4 assessment methods: clinician ratings, structured interviews, performance-based discrepancy, and self-other rating discrepancy methods. The quality of the instruments was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature search identified 39 instruments and 8 of these were selected. The following 3 instruments stood out in terms of quality: Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview, Patient Competency Rating Scale, and Awareness Questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these quantitative instruments are useful tools in research, they have limited utility in the clinic because they only measure intellectual awareness. Therefore, in addition to these instruments, qualitative tools should also be used to gain a complete view of a patient's awareness problem.
authors: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
authors: Sanne M J
authors: SM
authors: Smeets
authors: Rudolf W H M
authors: RW
authors: Ponds
authors: Frans R
authors: FR
authors: Verhey
authors: Caroline M
authors: CM
authors: van Heugten
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics