title: Cardiovascular responses to different stages of restorative dental treatment unaffected by local anaesthetic type.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of maxillary infiltration using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline, 4% articaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline, and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline in different stages during restorative dental procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy patients randomly received 1.8 mL of the three local anaesthetics. Systolic blood pressure, average blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were evaluated by the oscillometric and photoplethysmograph methods in seven stages during the appointment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests of cardiovascular parameters did not show significant differences between the anaesthetic associations. There were significant differences for the parameters among different clinical stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variation of cardiovascular parameters was similar for lidocaine and articaine with both adrenaline concentrations and showed no advantage of one drug over the other. Cardiovascular parameters were influenced by the stages of the dental procedures, which showed the effect of anxiety during restorative dental treatment.
authors: Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. carinagc@usp.br
authors: C G C
authors: CG
authors: Bispo
authors: I P
authors: IP
authors: Tortamano
authors: R G
authors: RG
authors: Rocha
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Francischone
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Borsatti
authors: J C B
authors: JC
authors: da Silva
authors: A C R
authors: AC
authors: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009991:Oscillometry; D017156:Photoplethysmography / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine; D004837:Epinephrine