title: Serum levels of interleukins 4 and 10 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is currently controversy over the association between serum interleukin-4 and -10 levels and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in patients of different ethnicity. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of these cytokines in Iranian patients with this pathology, and to analyse correlations with tumour location and tumour stage at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum cytokines levels were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study groups comprised 93 untreated patients and 53 healthy donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum interleukin-4 levels were significantly increased in patients compared with controls (p < 0.000), but were not significantly associated with tumour stage. Serum interleukin-10 levels were not raised in patients, nor associated with tumour stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of interleukin-4, but not -10, were increased in Iranian head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. These data do not support an association of these cytokines with tumour progression; this is consistent with previous findings.
authors: Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Mojtahedi
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Khademi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yehya
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Talebi
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Fattahi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ghaderi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4