title: Lamotrigine is favourable for startle-induced seizures.
abstract: Falling due to startle-induced seizures (SISs) often leads to injury. The triggers of SIS are mostly unexpected auditory stimuli, which are too common to avoid in daily life. As SISs are often refractory to conventional medications, effective therapeutic options have to be established. We report a small series of six patients treated with lamotrigine (LTG) as add-on therapy. Seizure control was improved greatly in three of the six patients, resulting in less restricted daily life, but no effect was observed in two and a skin rash developed in one. Patient 1 was a 19-year-old man. His seizure comprised of a sudden tonic extension of the extremities induced by auditory or visual stimulus. He fell down due to SISs, five to ten times a day, with frequent injuries. After adding LTG to treatment with valproate (VPA) and clobazam (CLB), SISs were reduced to once a month. Patient 2 was a 51-year-old woman. Sudden tonic extension of all limbs induced by unexpected sounds frequently threw her down onto the floor. Addition of LTG to treatment with CLB, zonisamide and phenytoin reduced her SISs from several to less than once a day. Patient 3 was a seven-year-old girl with post-encephalitic epilepsy. After adjunctive treatment of LTG to VPA, the severity of SISs became milder thus avoiding injury, although seizure frequency did not decrease. LTG is potentially effective for the treatment of SISs and may prevent falling. The addition of LTG treatment dramatically improved the lives of the patients presented here and should be considered as an option for startle-induced seizures.
authors: National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan. hirikeda@szec.hosp.go.jp
authors: Hiroko
authors: H
authors: Ikeda
authors: Katsumi
authors: K
authors: Imai
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Ikeda
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Shigematsu
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Shishido
authors: Rumiko
authors: R
authors: Takayama
authors: Tateki
authors: T
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Yukitoshi
authors: Y
authors: Takahashi
authors: Yushi
authors: Y
authors: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003875:Drug Eruptions; D004569:Electroencephalography; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine