title: Common iliac vein stenosis: a risk factor for oral contraceptive-induced deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether women with significant left common iliac vein stenosis who also use combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have a combined likelihood of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) greater than each independent risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study comparing 35 women with DVT against 35 age-matched controls. Common iliac vein diameters were measured from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Logistic regression modeling was used with adjustment for risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DVT was associated with COC use (P = .022) and with increasing degrees of common iliac vein stenosis (P = .004). Compared with women without venous stenosis or COC use, the odds of DVT in women with a 70% venous stenosis who also use COCs was associated with a 17-fold increase (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous stenosis and COC use are independent risk factors for DVT. Women concurrently exposed to both have a multiplicative effect resulting in an increased risk of DVT. We recommend further studies to investigate this effect and its potential clinical implications.
authors: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5642, USA.
authors: Keith T
authors: KT
authors: Chan
authors: Grace A
authors: GA
authors: Tye
authors: Rita A
authors: RA
authors: Popat
authors: William T
authors: WT
authors: Kuo
authors: Kamil
authors: K
authors: Unver
authors: Nishita
authors: N
authors: Kothary
authors: Daniel Y
authors: DY
authors: Sze
authors: Lawrence V
authors: LV
authors: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein / Q000473:pathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral