title: Childhood treatment with psychotropic medication and development of comorbid medical conditions in adolescent-onset bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the association between early treatment with psychotropic medications and the development of medical comorbidities in pediatric patients who develop bipolar disorder (BD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the South Carolina Medicaid program covering all medical services and medication prescriptions between January 1996 and December 2005 were used to determine the association between childhood exposure to psychotropic medications (i.e., psychostimulants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics) and the diagnosis of select comorbid medical conditions in 1841 children and adolescents diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV defined BD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In separate regressions controlling for all psychotropic medications prescribed and all comorbid medical conditions diagnosed prior to the BD, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders were more likely in those prescribed second generation antipsychotics or psychostimulants, whereas obesity/overweight was more likely in those taking serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor/heterocyclic antidepressants, and asthma was more likely in those taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood cardiometabolic events appear to be systematically associated with specific classes of psychotropic medications, but no innate, developmental sequencing of cardiometabolic abnormalities was apparent before early adolescence in patients subsequently diagnosed and treated for BD.
authors: Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. Jeanette.Jerrell@uscmed.sc.edu
authors: Jeanette M
authors: JM
authors: Jerrell
authors: Roger S
authors: RS
authors: McIntyre
authors: Avnish
authors: A
authors: Tripathi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013022:South Carolina; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants