title: Endoscopically-assisted subcondylar and vertical ramus osteotomies for the treatment of symmetrical mandibular prognathism.
abstract: The author describe the endoscopically-assisted intraoral vertical ramus (IVRO) and subcondylar (ISCO) osteotomies for the treatment of symmetric mandibular prognathism. The use of the saw and the bone chisel under the continuous control of the endoscope provides a safer approach since the osteotomy is controlled during the whole process. The introduction of the endoscope to provide complete visualization of the osteotomy site may overcome the traditional limitations of direct visualization in IVRO and ISCO.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain. raulmaxilo@gmail.com
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: González-García
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000601:surgery*; D063168:Mandibular Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000379:methods; D011378:Prognathism / Q000601:surgery*; D012449:Safety; D055815:Young Adult