title: New hormonal therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
abstract: Continued activation of the androgen receptor (AR) axis despite castration remains a critical force in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Therapeutic strategies designed to more effectively ablate tumoral androgen activity are required to improve clinical efficacy and prevent disease progression. Tumor-based alterations in expression and activity of the AR and in steroidogenic pathways mediating ligand generation facilitate the development of CRPC. This article reviews AR and ligand-dependent mechanisms underlying CRPC progression and the status of novel hormonal therapies targeting the AR axis that are currently in clinical and preclinical development.
authors: Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors: Elahe A
authors: EA
authors: Mostaghel
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Plymate
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011944:Receptors, Androgen