title: Alternative therapeutic advantages of catfish bile on atopic dermatitis: protection of T cell-mediated skin disease via antioxidant activities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we aimed to examine the anti-atopic properties of bile from the cat fish, Silurus asotus, to determine its possible use as a pharmaceutical product.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-atopic activities of cat fish bile were examined in a non-cell antioxidant, in-vitro assay (splenocytes and mast cells) and a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like mouse model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of these experiments revealed that Silurus asotus bile (SAB) scavenges radicals and protects proteins from superoxide attacks, suggesting that SAB suppresses the T helper (Th) type 2-skewed immune response. Th1/Th2 mRNA cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-4) from mouse splenocytes were effectively inhibited, and the release of β-hexosaminidase in RBL-2H3 mast cells was significantly suppressed by SAB. These results were supported by screening the Th1/Th2 cytokine mRNAs (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4) from lymph nodes in DNCB-treated mice. More dramatic results were observed in the histological changes at higher SAB concentrations (5%) compared to the therapeutic control, visualized using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented in this study suggest that SAB may provide functional advantages with regard to treating atopic dermatitis because of its antioxidant and immune-suppressive effects.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Do Ik
authors: DI
authors: Lee
authors: Yoon Joo
authors: YJ
authors: Huh
authors: Kwang Woo
authors: KW
authors: Hwang
authors: YoungWook
authors: Y
authors: Choi
authors: Jae-Seok
authors: JS
authors: Choi
authors: Sam-Yong
authors: SY
authors: Han
authors: Young-Soo
authors: YS
authors: Gyoung
authors: Seong Soo
authors: SS
authors: Joo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001646:Bile; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002397:Catfishes; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013481:Superoxides; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases