title: pseudo-G-Rh2 induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in SGC-7901 human             gastric cancer cells.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effect of pseudo-G-Rh2, a novel             metabolite of ginsenoside Rh2, on the apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric cancer             cells. Pseudo-G-Rh2 demonstrated antitumor activity and significantly inhibited             the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. After             treatment with pseudo-G-Rh2, SGC-7901 cells showed typical apoptotic morphological             features, such as chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Pseudo-G-Rh2 could             induce mitochondrial membrane potential loss, which led to the release of cytochrome             c (Cyt c), Smac/Diablo and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cell cytoplasm.             Furthermore, pseudo-G-Rh2 exposure not only decreased the expression of the Bcl-2             protein but also increased the expression of the Bax protein and the activities             of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SGC-7901 cells. These results demonstrated that             pseudo-G-Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells by initiating apoptosis.             Pseudo-G-Rh2-induced apoptosis was associated with a drop in the mitochondrial             transmembrane potential, down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and activation             of caspase-9 and caspase-3.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
authors: Xiangru
authors: X
authors: Qu
authors: Shaochun
authors: S
authors: Qu
authors: Xiaofeng
authors: X
authors: Yu
authors: Huali
authors: H
authors: Xu
authors: Yanping
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: Xingyuan
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Dayuan
authors: D
authors: Sui
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms
chemical_list: C569475:3-O-glucopyranosyl-3,12,25-trihydroxydammar-20(22)-ene; C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D036145:Ginsenosides; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c