title: Petal Development in Lotus japonicus.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that petal shape and size in legume flowers are determined by two separate mechanisms, dorsoventral (DV) and organ internal (IN) asymmetric mechanisms, respectively. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling petal development in legumes. To address this question, we investigated petal development along the floral DV axis in Lotus japonicus with respect to cell and developmental biology by comparing wild-type legumes to mutants. Based on morphological markers, the entire course of petal development, from initiation to maturity, was grouped to define 3 phases or 13 stages. In terms of epidermal micromorphology from adaxial surface, mature petals were divided into several distinct domains, and characteristic epidermal cells of each petal differentiated at stage 9, while epidermal cells of all domains were observed until stage 12. TCP and MIXTA-like genes were found to be differentially expressed in various domains of petals at stages 9 and 12. Our results suggest that DV and IN mechanisms interplay at different stages of petal development, and their interaction at the cellular and molecular level guides the elaboration of domains within petals to achieve their ideal shape, and further suggest that TCP genes determine petal identity along the DV axis by regulating MIXTA-like gene expression.
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Weng
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Zhaoxia
authors: Z
authors: Tian
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Xianzhong
authors: X
authors: Feng
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Shilei
authors: S
authors: Xu
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Xiaohe
authors: X
authors: Hu
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Da
authors: D
authors: Luo
authors: National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, ChinaKey Laboratory of Plant Stress Research of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D000070116:Lotus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology