title: Ankle joint mobilization reduces axonotmesis-induced neuropathic pain and glial activation in the spinal cord and enhances nerve regeneration in rats.
abstract: An important issue in physical rehabilitation is how to protect from or to reduce the effects of peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we examined whether ankle joint mobilization (AJM) would reduce neuropathic pain and enhance motor functional recovery after nerve injury. In the axonotmesis model, AJM during 15 sessions every other day was conducted in rats. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and motor performance deficit were measured for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, we performed morphological analysis and quantified the immunoreactivity for CD11b/c and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), markers of glial activation, in the lumbar spinal cord. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and motor performance deficit were found in the Crush+Anesthesia (Anes) group (P<0.001), which was significantly decreased after AJM (P<0.001). In the morphological analysis, the Crush+Anes group presented reduced myelin sheath thickness (P<0.05), but the AJM group presented enhanced myelin sheath thickness (P<0.05). Peripheral nerve injury increased the immunoreactivity for CD11b/c and GFAP in the spinal cord (P<0.05), and AJM markedly reduced CD11b/c and GFAP immunoreactivity (P<0.01). These results show that AJM in rats produces an antihyperalgesic effect and peripheral nerve regeneration through the inhibition of glial activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. These findings suggest new approaches for physical rehabilitation to protect from or reduce the effects of nerve injury.
authors: Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil Laboratório de Marcadores Histológicos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, Campus Lages, Lages, SC, Brazil Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors: Daniel F
authors: DF
authors: Martins
authors: Leidiane
authors: L
authors: Mazzardo-Martins
authors: Vinícius M
authors: VM
authors: Gadotti
authors: Francisney P
authors: FP
authors: Nascimento
authors: Denise A N
authors: DAN
authors: Lima
authors: Breno
authors: B
authors: Speckhann
authors: Gisela A
authors: GA
authors: Favretto
authors: Franciane
authors: F
authors: Bobinski
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Cargnin-Ferreira
authors: Elisângela
authors: E
authors: Bressan
authors: Rafael C
authors: RC
authors: Dutra
authors: João B
authors: JB
authors: Calixto
authors: Adair R S
authors: ARS
authors: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009409:Nerve Crush / Q000379:methods; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*