title: Influence of bone remodelling rate on quantitative ultrasound parameters at the calcaneus and DXA BMDa of the hip and spine in middle-aged and elderly European men: the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of sex hormones on markers of bone turnover and to explore the association between these markers and bone health in middle-aged and elderly European men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional population-based survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men aged 40-79 years were recruited from population registers in eight European centres. Subjects completed a postal questionnaire which included questions concerning lifestyle and were invited to undergo quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus and to provide a fasting blood sample from which the bone markers serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and crosslinks (β C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (β-cTX)), total testosterone, total oestradiol (E(2)), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were measured. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and lumbar spine was performed in two centres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3120, mean age 59.9 years (s.d.=11.0) were included. After adjustment for centre, age, height, weight, lifestyle factors, season and other hormones, total and free E(2) were negatively associated with β-cTX but not P1NP while SHBG, IGF1 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were positively associated with both β-cTX and P1NP. Total or free testosterone was not independently associated with either bone marker. After the same adjustments, higher levels of both bone markers were significantly associated with lower QUS parameters and lower DXA-assessed bone density at the total hip and lumbar spine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E(2), SHBG, IGF1 and PTH contribute significantly to the regulation/rate of bone turnover in middle-aged and older European men. Higher rates of bone remodelling are negatively associated with male bone health.
authors: Division of Geriatric Medicine and Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, UZ Leuven campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Boonen
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Pye
authors: Terence W
authors: TW
authors: O'Neill
authors: Pawel
authors: P
authors: Szulc
authors: Evelien
authors: E
authors: Gielen
authors: Herman
authors: H
authors: Borghs
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Verschueren
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Claessens
authors: Judith E
authors: JE
authors: Adams
authors: Kate A
authors: KA
authors: Ward
authors: Gyorgy
authors: G
authors: Bartfai
authors: Felipe
authors: F
authors: Casanueva
authors: Joseph D
authors: JD
authors: Finn
authors: Gianni
authors: G
authors: Forti
authors: Aleksander
authors: A
authors: Giwercman
authors: Thang S
authors: TS
authors: Han
authors: Ilpo T
authors: IT
authors: Huhtaniemi
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Kula
authors: Fernand
authors: F
authors: Labrie
authors: Michael E J
authors: ME
authors: Lean
authors: Neil
authors: N
authors: Pendleton
authors: Margus
authors: M
authors: Punab
authors: Alan J
authors: AJ
authors: Silman
authors: Abdelouahid
authors: A
authors: Tajar
authors: Frederick C W
authors: FC
authors: Wu
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Vanderschueren
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006615:Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones