title: Dietary kaempferol suppresses inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In ulcerative colitis (UC), reduction of inflammation may represent a key mechanism in UC therapy, and anti-inflammatory agents would be good candidates for preventing UC. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, is believed to have anti-inflammatory activities and has been shown to be potentially immune-modulatory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether kaempferol alleviates the inflammatory responses of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups: a negative control group, a DSS control group, and DSS + 0.1% or 0.3% kaempferol pre- or post-fed groups. At the end of the experimental period, clinical and biochemical markers were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of NO and PGE(2) were significantly decreased in both the 0.3% kaempferol pre- and post-fed groups. The plasma LTB(4) level was profoundly decreased in all animals fed kaempferol. Colonic mucosa MPO activity was also suppressed in both the 0.3% kaempferol pre- or post-fed groups. TFF3 mRNA, a marker for goblet cell function, was up-regulated in kaempferol pre-fed animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that kaempferol is an effective anti-inflammatory agent that protects colonic mucosa from DSS-induced UC. Dietary kaempferol fed prior to colitis induction was more effective to suppress some of the colitis-associated markers.
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea.
authors: Mi-Young
authors: MY
authors: Park
authors: Geun Eog
authors: GE
authors: Ji
authors: Mi-Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Sung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D044949:Kaempferols; D009077:Mucins; C493263:Tff3 protein, mouse; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; C006552:kaempferol; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D009195:Peroxidase; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2