title: High-resolution gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulphate-agarose gel electrophoresis on urine samples for qualitative analysis of proteinuria in dogs.
abstract: The aims of the current study were to assess whether sodium dodecyl sulphate-agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) and high-resolution electrophoresis (HRE) can identify dogs with a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC ratio) >0.2 and whether HRE can provide preliminary information about the type of proteinuria, using SDS-AGE as a reference method. HRE and SDS-AGE were conducted on 87 urine samples classified according to the International Renal Interest Society as non-proteinuric (NP; UPC ratio: <0.20; 32/87), borderline proteinuric (BP; UPC ratio: 0.21-0.50; 15/87), or proteinuric (P; UPC ratio: >0.51; 40/87). SDS-AGE and HRE were positive in 14 out of 32 and 3 out of 32 NP samples and in 52 out of 55 and 40 out of 55 samples with a UPC ratio >0.20, respectively. The concordance between HRE or SDS and UPC ratio was comparable (κ = 0.59; κ = 0.55). However, specificity (90%) and positive likelihood ratio (7.76) were higher for HRE than for SDS-AGE (56% and 2.16) while sensitivity was lower (73% vs. 94%). The analysis of HRE results revealed that a percentage of albumin >41.4% and an albumin/α(1)-globulin ratio (alb/α(1) ratio) >1.46 can identify samples classified by SDS-AGE as affected by glomerular proteinuria while a percentage of α(1)-globulin >40.8% and an alb/α(1) ratio <0.84 can identify samples classified by SDS-AGE as affected by tubular proteinuria. In conclusion, both SDS-AGE and HRE could misclassify samples with a UPC ratio higher or lower than 0.20. Therefore, UPC ratio must always be determined before conducting these tests. The percentage of albumin and α(1)-globulin or the alb/α(1) ratio determined by HRE can provide preliminary information about the origin of proteinuria.
authors: Department of Veterinary Pathology Hygiene and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10 Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Giori
authors: Flavia Marcella
authors: FM
authors: Tricomi
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Zatelli
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Roura
authors: Saverio
authors: S
authors: Paltrinieri
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D004285:Dogs; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005916:Globulins / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D005916:Globulins; D003404:Creatinine