title: Plasma aluminum is a risk factor for oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between aluminum (Al), essential trace metals, oxidative stress, and inflammation status was evaluated in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biochemical parameters in blood were determined in long-term hemodialysis patients (n=69) and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n=30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy subjects, patients had significantly higher concentrations of plasma Al. Elevated Al was negatively associated with the essential metals zinc, selenium, and iron. Al concentrations were strongly and positively correlated with contents of the oxidation products malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl. Inverse relationships were observed between Al concentrations and reduced concentrations of glutathione, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E. Patients were also observed to have significantly increased production values of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increased plasma Al concentration is associated with disturbed concentrations of essential metals, increased oxidative stress, and increased inflammation status in hemodialysis patients.
authors: Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC. eillyguo@gmail.com
authors: Chih-Hung
authors: CH
authors: Guo
authors: Chia-Liang
authors: CL
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000097:blood*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015848:Interleukin-5; D014131:Trace Elements; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D005978:Glutathione; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid