title: Management of aseptic tibial nonunion.
abstract: Tibial nonunion remains a significant clinical challenge despite advances in surgical management. New techniques to help manage tibial nonunion include extracorporeal shock wave therapy and percutaneous application of bone marrow aspirate. Management strategies vary based on the type of nonunion: aseptic or infected, and atrophic or hypertrophic. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been shown to be as effective as surgical management in patients with stable hypertrophic nonunion. New fixation options include locked plates and intramedullary compression nails. Novel methods of external fixation have been developed for bone graft harvest from the intramedullary canal. Several biologic adjuncts also are available, including bone marrow aspirates, stem cells, and bone morphogenetic protein.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado, and Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA.
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Hak
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001858:Bone Nails; D001860:Bone Plates; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D020878:Device Removal; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000628:therapy*; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000628:therapy*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins