title: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is upregulated in aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study we examined the expression of ICAM-1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We hypothesized that ICAM-1 correlates with indicators of tumor aggressiveness in PTC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five primary and metastatic PTCs, five follicular adenomas, five Hashimoto thyroiditis, five nodular hyperplasia, and eight normal thyroid tissue samples were analyzed for ICAM-1 gene expression using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ICAM-1 gene expression was analyzed at protein level by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a semiquantitative score. Gene expression and intensity levels were correlated with markers of tumor aggressiveness including BRAF V600E mutation, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), angiolymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICAM-1 gene expression was higher in PTC (p = 0.01) and lymph node metastases (p = 0.03) when compared with benign tumors and Hashimoto's. Furthermore, PTCs exhibiting BRAF V600E mutation (p = 0.01), ETE (p < 0.01), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02) were associated with higher ICAM-1 levels. Gene expression correlated with protein levels on IHC. Additionally, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma had a higher ICAM-1 intensity score compared with well-differentiated carcinoma (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICAM-1 expression is upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, ICAM-1 upregulation correlated with aggressive tumor features such as BRAF V600E mutation, ETE, and lymph node metastasis, suggesting that ICAM-1 plays a role in thyroid cancer progression.
authors: Division of Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Buitrago
authors: X M
authors: XM
authors: Keutgen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Crowley
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Filicori
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Aldailami
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hoda
authors: Yi-Fang
authors: YF
authors: Liu
authors: R S
authors: RS
authors: Hoda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Scognamiglio
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Jin
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Fahey
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Zarnegar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf