title: Successful diagnosis and management of biliary cast syndrome in a liver transplant patient using single operator cholangioscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary cast syndrome is an unusual complication of orthotopic liver transplantation with serious clinical implications. Surgical management has been the mainstay of treatment. Endoscopic techniques are recently described in the successful removal of biliary casts. Peroral single operator cholangioscopy is useful for direct visualization of bile ducts, tissue sampling and therapeutic applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here a post liver transplant patient who underwent successful complete endoscopic removal of biliary cast using single operator cholangioscopy in a single sitting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single operator cholangioscopy provides a safe means of diagnosing and treating patients with biliary cast syndrome.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Institute, the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. navaneu@ccf.org
authors: Udayakumar
authors: U
authors: Navaneethan
authors: Preethi G K
authors: PG
authors: Venkatesh
authors: Mayar
authors: M
authors: Al Mohajer
authors: Andres
authors: A
authors: Gelrud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D010820:Physicians; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography