title: Noninvasive imaging of human skin hemodynamics using a digital red-green-blue camera.
abstract: In order to visualize human skin hemodynamics, we investigated a method that is specifically developed for the visualization of concentrations of oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood, and melanin in skin tissue from digital RGB color images. Images of total blood concentration and oxygen saturation can also be reconstructed from the results of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Experiments using tissue-like agar gel phantoms demonstrated the ability of the developed method to quantitatively visualize the transition from an oxygenated blood to a deoxygenated blood in dermis. In vivo imaging of the chromophore concentrations and tissue oxygen saturation in the skin of the human hand are performed for 14 subjects during upper limb occlusion at 50 and 250 mm Hg. The response of the total blood concentration in the skin acquired by this method and forearm volume changes obtained from the conventional strain-gauge plethysmograph were comparable during the upper arm occlusion at pressures of both 50 and 250 mm Hg. The results presented in the present paper indicate the possibility of visualizing the hemodynamics of subsurface skin tissue.
authors: Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology, Graduate School of Bioapplications and Science Engineering, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan. inishi@cc.tuat.ac.jp
authors: Izumi
authors: I
authors: Nishidate
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Tanaka
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Kawase
authors: Takaaki
authors: T
authors: Maeda
authors: Tomonori
authors: T
authors: Yuasa
authors: Yoshihisa
authors: Y
authors: Aizu
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Yuasa
authors: Kyuichi
authors: K
authors: Niizeki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D010991:Plethysmography; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000737:chemistry; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D060205:Therapeutic Occlusion
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008543:Melanins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin