title: Cardiovascular effects of the combination of levosimendan and valsartan in hypertensive Dahl/Rapp rats.
abstract: Hypertension is the main risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy and development of diastolic heart failure. There is no yet treatment, which can effectively reduce mortality in patients suffering from heart failure with preserved systolic function. We tested whether the calcium sensitizer levosimendan and the AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan could protect from salt-induced hypertension, cardiovascular mortality and heart failure in Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive rats fed for 7 weeks with a high salt diet (8% NaCl). Levosimendan (1 mg/kg/day via drinking water) and valsartan (30 mg/kg in the food) monotherapies and their combination prevented mortality in Dahl/Rapp rats. The drug combination evoked an additive effect on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, target organ damage and myocardial ANP mRNA expression. There was a close correlation between systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac and renal damage. As compared to Dahl/Rapp controls kept on low-salt diet (NaCl 0.3%). The high salt rats exhibited impaired diastolic relaxation as assessed by isovolumic relaxation time. Levosimendan alone and in combination with valsartan, improved diastolic relaxation without significantly improving systolic function. Our findings are evidence for an additive effect between levosimendan and valsartan on blood pressure and a blood pressure-dependent protection against the development of salt-induced target organ damage. The present study also demonstrates that levosimendan, alone or in combination with valsartan, can correct diastolic dysfunction induced by salt-dependent hypertension.
authors: Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Biala
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Finckenberg
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Korpi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Loytainen
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Martonen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Levijoki
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Mervaala
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004452:Echocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D000077464:Simendan; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068756:Valsartan; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077464:Simendan; D000068756:Valsartan; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D014633:Valine