title: Effects of systematic oral care in critically ill patients: a multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No standard oral assessment tools are available for determining frequency of oral care in critical care patients, and the method of providing oral care is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of a systematic program of oral care on oral assessment scores in critically ill intubated and nonintubated, patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were collected 3 times during critical care admissions before and after institution of a systematic program of oral care in 3 different medical centers. The oral care education program consisted of instruction from a dentist or dental hygienist and a clear procedure outlining systematic oral care. The Beck Oral Assessment Scale and the mucosal-plaque score were used to assess the oral cavity. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed modeling with controls for severity of illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores on the Beck Scale differed significantly (F = 4.79, P = .01) in the pattern of scores across the 3 days and between the control group (before oral education) and the systematic oral care group. Unlike the control group, the treatment group had decreasing scores on the Beck Scale from day 1 to day 5. The mucosal-plaque score and the Beck Scale scores had strong correlations throughout the study; the highest correlation was on day 5 (r = 0.798, P < .001, n = 43).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral assessment scores improved after nurses implemented a protocol for systematic oral care. Use of the Beck Scale and the mucosal-plaque score could standardize oral assessment and guide nurses in providing oral interventions.
authors: Nancy J
authors: NJ
authors: Ames
authors: Pawel
authors: P
authors: Sulima
authors: Jan M
authors: JM
authors: Yates
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: McCullagh
authors: Sherri L
authors: SL
authors: Gollins
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Soeken
authors: Gwenyth R
authors: GR
authors: Wallen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016638:Critical Illness; D003729:Dental Care / Q000451:nursing; D003945:Diagnosis, Oral / Q000379:methods*; D004219:District of Columbia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health / Q000592:standards; D014768:Virginia