title: A comparison of patient and family caregiver prospective control over lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of our secondary analysis of patient and family caregiver prospective control in lung cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Control beliefs underlie self-care in sickness and health. Self-care often involves 'shared' activities between the afflicted individual and caregiving family and friends. However, depending on how control is perceived, conflicts can occur in decision-making thus jeopardizing optimal self-care. We need to comprehend how control beliefs compare between patients and caregivers and how their control beliefs are linked with dealing with serious illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on questionnaire data collected in our larger study between September 2005 and February 2009, we conducted exploratory comparative analyses of 304 patients' and caregivers' control beliefs in managing lung cancer. Eight 5-point response items captured prospective control. Exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation was conducted to compare dyadic perceptions on the dimensionality of prospective control. We also conducted exploratory correlations between control beliefs and smoking cessation, attributional reactions, caregiver helping and symptom reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis identified the same factors for patients and caregivers: factor 1, Fate control and factor 2, Team control. Patient and caregiver 'Fate' and 'Team' control sub-scales were respectively associated with hope, caregiver helping and patient smoking cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians need to support, adapt or develop a philosophy of cancer care that is inclusive of partnerships, drawing on beliefs of patients and caregivers that controlling lung cancer is a team effort which in turn is tentatively linked to patient smoking cessation, positive emotions and caregiver helping.
authors: Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. michelle_lobchuk@umanitoba.ca
authors: Michelle M
authors: MM
authors: Lobchuk
authors: Christine J
authors: CJ
authors: McPherson
authors: Susan E
authors: SE
authors: McClement
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Cheang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002170:Canada; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population