title: Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the stem bark of Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. is popularly known as "murici pequeno" and is native to the Brazilian Cerrado. This species has been used as an antimicrobial, anti-hemorrhagic, anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, scientific information regarding Byrsonima intermedia is limited; there are no reports related to its possible anti inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. This study employed in vivo inflammatory and nociceptive models to evaluate the scientific basis for the traditional use of Byrsonima intermedia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carrageenan-induced paw edema, peritonitis and fibrovascular tissue growth induced by s.c. cotton pellet implantation tests were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Byrsonima intermedia aqueous extract (BiAE) in rats. Mechanical nociceptive paw, formalin and hot plate tests were used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity in mice. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), phytochemistry screening and determination of total phenolics and flavonoids were used to determine the chemical profile of the BiAE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BiAE at test doses of 30-300 mg/kg p.o. clearly demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema, by inhibited leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity and, in the model of chronic inflammation, by using the cotton pellet-induced fibrovascular tissue growth in rats. The extracts at test doses of 30-300 mg/kg p.o. clearly demonstrated antinociceptive activity in all tests. Administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone completely inhibited the antinociceptive effect induced by BiAE (100 mg/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BiAE markedly exhibits anti-inflammatory action in rats and antinociceptive activity in mice. Thus, it may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory hyperalgesic disorders, which supports previous claims of its traditional use.
authors: Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG, 37130-000 Alfenas, Brazil.
authors: Lidiane
authors: L
authors: Orlandi
authors: Fabiana C
authors: FC
authors: Vilela
authors: Flávia V
authors: FV
authors: Santa-Cecília
authors: Danielle F
authors: DF
authors: Dias
authors: Geraldo
authors: G
authors: Alves-da-Silva
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Giusti-Paiva
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005557:Formaldehyde; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D029581:Malpighiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018547:Plant Stems; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C433788:lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O26-B6; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009270:Naloxone; D002351:Carrageenan