title: Comparison of disc diffusion, Etest and agar dilution for susceptibility testing of colistin against Enterobacteriaceae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we compared different methods of colistin susceptibility testing, disc diffusion, agar dilution and Etest using a set of Enterobacteriaceae isolates that included colistin-resistant strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Susceptibility of 200 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to colistin was tested to compare agar dilution (reference method), disc diffusion (50 and 10 μg) and Etest. MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) were interpreted using the criteria established by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Colistin exhibited excellent activity against Escherichia coli and E. cloacae (MIC90 = 0·5 mg l(-1)). In contrast, colistin was less active against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC90 = 16 mg l(-1)). Resistance rates varied from 0% in E. coli to 1·8% in E. cloacae and 13% in K. pneumoniae. High rates of very major errors were observed in the disc diffusion test using either the criteria of the Comité de l'antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie (CA-SFM) or the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), respectively, 3·5 and 2·5%. When the criteria of Gales et al. were applied, the number of very major errors was reduced to one (0·5%). The Etest showed good concordance with agar dilution method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disc susceptibility testing methods are unreliable on detecting colistin resistance. MIC should be determined to confirm the susceptibility results by disc diffusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend the determination of MIC by Etest for all multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae when colistin is required for the treatment.
authors: Laboratoire de Microbiologie CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Maalej
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Meziou
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Rhimi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hammami
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003091:Colistin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests / Q000379:methods; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000362:Agar; D003091:Colistin