title: Advanced maternal age as a risk factor for stress urinary incontinence: a review of the literature.
abstract: The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is multifactorial and evidence supports a critical role of pregnancy and vaginal delivery. This review dissects epidemiologic literature to determine the weight of evidence on the role of advanced maternal age (AMA) as a risk factor for the development of subsequent or persistent SUI. We conducted a Medline search using the keywords postpartum, SUI, maternal age, pregnancy, and incontinence. The published literature was critically analyzed. Evidence supports that childbirth trauma contributes to the development and severity of SUI. Yet, there is contradicting evidence as to whether AMA increases the risk. AMA clearly represents an independent risk factor for postpartum SUI. However, long-term studies did not confirm this observation. Whether this finding is suggestive of a true biologic signal that is lost with competing risk factors over time warrants further research.
authors: Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Adonis.Hijaz@UHhospitals.org
authors: Adonis
authors: A
authors: Hijaz
authors: Zhina
authors: Z
authors: Sadeghi
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Byrne
authors: Jack Cheng-Tsung
authors: JC
authors: Hou
authors: Firouz
authors: F
authors: Daneshgari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D036801:Parturition; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology*