title: Aerobic and resistance training effects compared to aerobic training alone in obese type 2 diabetic patients on diet treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to compare a combined aerobic and resistance training (ART) with an aerobic training (AT) over hemodynamic, glucose metabolism and endothelial factors, adipokines and pro-inflammatory marker release in a population of obese type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients were randomly assigned to aerobic (27 patients) or aerobic plus resistance (20 patients) exercise trainings, on the top of a diet regime. Anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory variables were measured at hospitalization and discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both exercise programs equally improved body weight and fructosamine levels however ART only partially decreased HOMA index compared with AT (ART: -25% vs AT: -54%, p<0.01). Mean blood pressure (AT: -3.6 mmHg vs ART: +0.6 mmHg, p<0.05) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) incremental areas during walking test (AT: -11% vs ART: +30%, p<0.001) decreased after AT while increased after ART. Adiponectin levels increased by 54% after AT while decreased by 13% after ART (p<0.0001) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattractan protein-1 (MCP-1) levels significantly decreased in AT while increased in ART group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with AT, ART similarly enhanced body weight loss but exerted less positive effects on insulin sensitivity and endothelial factors, adipokines and pro-inflammatory marker release.
authors: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Cardio-Metabolic and Clinical Trials Unit, Internal Medicine Department, and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science Division, Milan 20132, Italy.
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Lucotti
authors: Lucilla D
authors: LD
authors: Monti
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Setola
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Galluccio
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Gatti
authors: Emanuele
authors: E
authors: Bosi
authors: Piermarco
authors: P
authors: Piatti
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D055070:Resistance Training
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose