title: Fructose and non-fructose sugar intakes in the US population and their associations with indicators of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relationships of sugar intakes with indicators of metabolic syndrome are important concerns for public health and safety. For individuals, dietary intake data for fructose and other sugars are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics. The data from 25,506 subjects, aged 12-80 yr, contained in the NHANES 1999-2006 databases were analyzed for sugar intakes and health parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary fructose was almost always consumed with other sugars. On average, fructose provided 37% of total simple sugar intake and 9% of energy intake. In more than 97% of individuals studied, fructose caloric contribution was lower than that of non-fructose sugars. Fructose and non-fructose sugar intakes had no positive association with blood concentrations of TG, HDL cholesterol, glycohemoglobin, uric acid, blood pressure, waist circumference, and BMI in the adults studied (aged 19 to 80 yr, n=17,749).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily fructose intakes with the American diet averaged approximately 37% of total sugars and 9% of daily energy. Fructose was rarely consumed solely or in excess over non-fructose sugars. Fructose and non-fructose sugar ordinary consumption was not positively associated with indicators of metabolic syndrome, uric acid and BMI.
authors: Office of Compliance and Ethics, Archer Daniels Midland Company, 1001 North Brush College Road, Decatur, IL 62521, USA. sam.sun@adm.com
authors: Sam Z
authors: SZ
authors: Sun
authors: G Harvey
authors: GH
authors: Anderson
authors: Brent D
authors: BD
authors: Flickinger
authors: Patricia S
authors: PS
authors: Williamson-Hughes
authors: Mark W
authors: MW
authors: Empie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States; D014527:Uric Acid; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014527:Uric Acid; D005632:Fructose