title: Cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth correlates with NFAT-regulated gene expression: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether incidence and severity of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) is related to expression nuclear factor of activated T cells-regulated genes (NFAT-regulated genes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of NFAT-regulated genes was determined in 36 transplant patients medicated with CsA by real-time PCR before and 2 h after drug intake and residual NFAT activity was estimated as ratio of both measurements. Demographic, periodontal and pharmacologic parameters were recorded and GO assessed from models. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the degree of GO (responders: GO score≥10%). Groups were compared using parametric and non-parametric tests. The association of various CsA-specific and periodontal parameters on incidence and extent of GO were determined using regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responders had a more than twofold lower residual NFAT activity than non-responders (7.9% and 18.1%, respectively; p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed gingival inflammation, salivary CsA concentration, and residual NFAT activity to be significant factors influencing the expression of GO. Seventy-seven percent of the variability of GO could be explained by these parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that pharmacodynamic parameters such as residual NFAT activity may be promising prognostic indicators to identify patients with increased risk for GO.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. bettina_dannewitz@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: Bettina
authors: B
authors: Dannewitz
authors: Eva-Maria
authors: EM
authors: Kruck
authors: Hans Jörg
authors: HJ
authors: Staehle
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Eickholz
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Giese
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Meuer
authors: Volkhard
authors: V
authors: Kaever
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Zeier
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Sommerer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001682:Biological Availability; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D016572:Cyclosporine