title: The appropriateness of enoxaparin use in Lebanese hospitals: a quality evaluation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although, guidelines for the appropriate use of enoxaparin are published, yet the extent of their implementation in clinical practice is still questionable. Furthermore, the optimal dosing of enoxaparin in special populations such as renal insufficiency and obesity remains controversial. In the Middle East, there are insufficient data on the appropriateness of enoxaparin use in different indications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To assess the appropriateness of enoxaparin dosing and duration per indication in compliance with the recommended guidelines and their impact on safety and efficacy outcomes in Lebanese health care centers. (2) To evaluate the influence of the hospital type (teaching vs. non-teaching) on the extent of compliance with established guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen health care centers in Lebanon, including teaching and non-teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in 17 Lebanese hospitals. Data on demographics, indication, dosing regimen and clinical outcomes were collected. The appropriateness of dosing practices was determined as per the ACCP guidelines and the FDA dosing recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The appropriateness of enoxaparin dosing was compared across different hospital type and among special populations including severe renal insufficiency and very obese patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 463 patients who participated in the study, 40% received improper enoxaparin dosing, which was mostly observed in the VTE prophylaxis group (41.6%, P < 0.001). When comparing the overall dosing practices in Lebanese hospitals, there was no statistically significant difference in the correctness of enoxaparin dosing between teaching and non-teaching hospitals (61.6% vs. 58.2%, P = 0.449), respectively. Only 11.5% of renally impaired patients and 59.4% of obese patients received correct doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlighted the improper practice and thus the need of implementation of clinical practice guidelines for the dosing of enoxaparin, in Lebanese hospitals.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Practice Department, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Mail Box: F 74, Byblos, Lebanon. abeer.zeitoun@lau.edu.lb
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Zeitoun
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Nassif
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Zeineddine
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011787:Quality of Health Care
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin