title: Cortical pattern of complex but not simple movements is affected in writer's cramp: a parametric event-related fMRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with writer's cramp (WC) were studied for differences in cortical activation during movements likely to induce WC (complex movements) and movements which rarely lead to dystonia (simple movements).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven WC patients (10F, 1M, mean age 41.5 ± (SD)7.2 years) and eleven age matched controls were examined for Blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) 1.5 T fMRI. The complex task consisted of writing a single letter or random drawing using an especially adapted joystick with the line of trajectory visualized or hidden. The simple task consisted of self-initiated fingers flexion/extension using the affected hand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unlike the controls, WC patients performing complex movements exhibited a lower BOLD signal in the primary sensorimotor cortex and in the posterior parietal cortex bilaterally. A hypoactivation was also observed in the right secondary somatosensory area, in the right anterior insula and in the left premotor cortex (p < 0.05 corrected). No significant inter-group differences were found for simple movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although WC patients' complex movements during fMRI were never associated with dystonic cramp, they exhibited an abnormally low cortical activity. This phenomenon was not observed in simple movements and was unrelated to the character of handwriting or to visual feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the dualistic behavior in the sensorimotor system in WC.
authors: Dept. of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Havránková
authors: Nolan D
authors: ND
authors: Walker
authors: Grégory
authors: G
authors: Operto
authors: Tomáš
authors: T
authors: Sieger
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Vymazal
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Jech
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D010100:Oxygen