title: Are characteristics of the school district associated with active transportation to school in Danish adolescents?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study sought to determine the influence of individual factors on active transportation to school among Danish seventh graders and whether school district factors are associated with such behaviour independently of individual factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed effects logistic regression models determined the effects of individual (gender, family affluence, enjoyment of school and academic performance) and school district factors (educational level, household savings, land use and size) on active transportation to school (by foot, bicycle or other active means) among 10 380 pupils aged 13-15 years nested in 407 school districts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all students, 64.4% used active transportation to school daily. Boys, those with perceived higher school performance and those with lower family affluence were more likely to use active transportation to school. After adjustment for all individual factors listed above, high household savings at the school district level was associated with higher odds of active transportation to school. As factors of land use, low level of farming land use and high proportion of single houses were associated with active transportation to school.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policies aiming at reducing social inequalities at the school district level may enhance active transportation to school. School districts with farming land use face barriers for active transportation to school, requiring special policy attention.
authors: Unit for Health Promotion Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. cstock@health.sdu.dk
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Stock
authors: Kim
authors: K
authors: Bloomfield
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Ejstrud
authors: Mathilde
authors: M
authors: Vinther-Larsen
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Meijer
authors: Morten
authors: M
authors: Grønbæk
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Grittner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001642:Bicycling; D003718:Denmark; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D016138:Walking