title: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection protects against a Tc1-to-Tc2 shift in CD8(+) T cells.
abstract: Despite the reports of dysfunction of the lytic abilities of CD8(+) T cells during human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) disease progression, the effects of infection on the noncytolytic functions of CD8(+) T cells have not been well characterized to date. We examined the effect of HIV-1 infection on the cytokine and chemokine responses of peripheral blood-derived CD8(+) T cells in an in vitro system. Activation of HIV-1-infected CD8(+) T cells with phytohemagglutinin resulted in a 4- to 8-fold increase in the production of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted, and interleukin (IL)-16. Treatment of activated HIV-1-infected CD8(+) T cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal (M) antibody (Ab) and IL-15 induced strong production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Treatment of cells with anti-IL-12 MAb and IL-4 to induce a Tc1-to-Tc2 shift resulted in no change in viral production levels or IFN-γ production within the HIV-1-infected CD8(+) T cell population. Initiation of a Tc2-to-Tc1 shift resulted in a 6-fold increase in HIV-1 replication and 2- to 3-fold higher levels of IFN-γ, demonstrating that infection can protect against a Tc1-to-Tc2 shift in CD8(+) T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gulzar
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diker
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Janina Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Karen F T
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Copeland
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins