title: Delayed diagnosis of intersex state: surgical outcome of cases seen and review of current concepts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual ambiguity is said to occur when the gender of the baby cannot be determined at birth. The gender of an individual is in question because the genitals do not appear clearly as that of male or female. It is traumatizing to the family. It also causes confusion and problems in determining the sex, in which a child would be reared. The abnormality is relatively uncommon. Disorders of sexual differentiation can arise from abnormalities in chromosomes, gonadal development or hormonal production or activity. The orderly development process may also be affected by various environmental factors. Some of these factors may ultimately lead to the development of ambiguous external genitalia.
  Three of such patients with ambiguous genitalia are presented, in which the initial diagnosis proved to be incorrect. The various investigations that were carried out and surgical management are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arguments which led to the ultimate choice of the sex of a child ranged from strict medical, to psychosocial and even cultural considerations. Expert examination shortly after birth would allow an early and definite decision, avoiding more serious problems with sexual ambiguity in later life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, LASUTH/LASU, Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria. idfad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Fadeyibi
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ikuerowo
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Coker
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Disu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Akinola
authors.forename: J A A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Onakoya
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bioku
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ademiluyi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050090:Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures; D055815:Young Adult