title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway gene polymorphism associated with extent of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although demographic and clinical factors associated with extent of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus have been described, genetic factors have not. We hypothesized that genetic variation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway genes, important in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, would be associated with extent of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We genotyped 1043 patients (702 white, 175 blacks) from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) genetic cohort for 3351 variants in 223 PPAR pathway genes using a custom targeted-genotyping array. Angiographic end points were determined by a core laboratory. In whites, a single variant (rs1503298) in TLL1 was significantly (P=5.5 × 10(-6)) associated with extent of CAD, defined as number of lesions with percent diameter stenosis ≥20%, after stringent Bonferroni correction for all 3351 single nucleotide polymorphisms. This association was validated in the diabetic subgroups of 2 independent cohorts, the Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status (TRIUMPH) post-myocardial infarction registry and the prospective Family Heart Study (FHS) of individuals at risk for CAD. TLL1rs1503298 was also significantly associated with extent of severe CAD (≥70% diameter stenosis; P=3.7 × 10(-2)) and myocardial jeopardy index (P=8.7 × 10(-4)). In general linear regression modeling, TLL1rs1503298 explained more variance of extent of CAD than the previously determined clinical factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified a variant in a single PPAR pathway gene, TLL1, that is associated with the extent of CAD independently of clinical predictors, specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00006305.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. scresci@dom.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cresci
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Province
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spertus
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steffes
authors.forename: Janet B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: Edwin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: Maria Mori
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Sheryl F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases; C484478:TLL1 protein, human