title: A prospective randomized study comparing percutaneous nephrolithotomy under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with percutaneous nephrolithotomy under general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective randomized study was executed to compare the surgical parameters and stone clearance in patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) versus those who underwent PNL under general anesthesia (GA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2008 to December 2009, 64 patients with renal calculi were randomized into 2 groups and evaluated for the purpose of this study. Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent PNL under CSEA and Group 2 consisted of patients who underwent PNL under GA. The operative time, stone clearance rate, visual pain analog score, mean analgesic dose and mean hospital stay were compared amongst other parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference between visual pain analog score after the operation and the dose of analgesic requirement was significant on statistical analysis between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNL under CSEA is as effective and safe as PNL under GA. Patients who undergo PNL under CESA require lesser analgesic dose and have a shorter hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Vishwajeet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rahul Janak
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sankhwar
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome