title: A review on animal models for screening potential anti-stress agents.
abstract: Stress is a state of threatened homeostasis that produces different physiological as well as pathological changes depending on severity, type and duration of stress. The animal models are pivotal for understanding the pathophysiology of stress-induced behavioral alterations and development of effective therapy for its optimal management. A battery of models has been developed to simulate the clinical pain conditions with diverse etiology. An ideal animal model should be able to reproduce each of the aspects of stress response and should be able to mimic the natural progression of the disease. The present review describes the different types of acute and chronic stress models including immersion in cold water with no escape, cold environment isolation, immobilization/restraint-induced stress, cold-water restraint stress, electric foot shock-induced stress, forced swimming-induced stress, food-deprived activity stress, neonatal isolation-induced stress, predatory stress, day-night light change-induced stress, noise-induced stress, model of post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic unpredictable stress models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
authors.forename: Amteshwar Singh
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jaggi
authors.forename: Nitish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Preet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhawan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents