title: Risk factors for neurotoxicity in newborns with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the importance of total serum bilirubin (TSB) and neurotoxicity risk factors in predicting acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) at admission or posttreatment bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) in infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the interaction of TSB and risk factors as determinants of ABE and BE in 249 newborns admitted with a TSB level of ≥ 25 mg/dL (427 μmol/L) to Cairo University Children's Hospital during a 12-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Admission TSB values ranged from 25 to 76.4 mg/dL. Forty-four newborns had moderate or severe ABE at admission; 35 of 249 infants (14%) had evidence of BE at the time of discharge or death. Rh incompatibility (odds ratio [OR]: 48.6) and sepsis (OR: 20.6) greatly increased the risk for ABE/BE, but TSB levels correlated poorly with the presence or absence of ABE or BE in these patients. The OR for ABO incompatibility with anemia (1.8) was not statistically significant. Low admission weight (OR: 0.83 per 100 g) increased the risk for BE, especially when other risk factors were present. The threshold TSB level that identified 90% of infants with ABE/BE was 25.4 mg/dL when neurotoxicity risk factors were present. In contrast, neurotoxicity was first observed at a TSB level of >31.5 mg/dL in 111 infants without risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newborns without risk factors for neurotoxicity have a higher tolerance for hyperbilirubinemia than recognized in management guidelines. The risk for BE in hemolytic disease varies with etiology. The great variation in response to TSB indicates that biological factors other than TSB values are important in the pathogenesis of BE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rasha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gamaleldin
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iskander
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seoud
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aboraya
authors.forename: Aleksandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aravkin
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wennberg
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D001835:Body Weight; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051556:Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D007647:Kernicterus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D015415:Biomarkers; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D001663:Bilirubin