title: Experimental study on the hemostatc activity of Pollen Typhae:  a traditional folk medicine used by external and oral application.
abstract: Pollen Typhae is the traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely used to treat the hemorrhagic diseases both by external and oral application. The present study examines the hemostatic properties and its components of Pollen Typhae. Pollen extract significantly reduced prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) and recalcification time. Pollen extract directly activated factor XII in the coagulation cascade. Acidic polysaccharide in the pollen that adsorbed to the diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) column was the causative agent of factor XII activation. These results suggested that an electronegative charge attributed to an acidic polysaccharide in the pollen extract contributed to the hemostatic activity. We then examined the hemostatic activity of administered pollen extract in the mouse tail bleeding model. Tail bleeding was significantly decreased after oral administration of the pollen extract, whereas the acidic polysaccharide fraction did not affect the duration of tail bleeding. These results suggest that the oral anticoagulant effect of Pollen Typhae is attributed to compounds other than acidic polysaccharides. We concluded that the activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway by the acidic polysaccharide contributes to the external hemostatic property of Pollen Typhae, and the action of components such as flavonoids that possess anticoagulant activity are causative agent when orally administered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Suarashi, Midori-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. n-ohkura@pharm.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Juzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Gen-ichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atsumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002848:Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005174:Factor XII / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D055672:Static Electricity; D032401:Typhaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014867:Water; D005174:Factor XII