title: Cleft lip, cleft palate, and velopharyngeal insufficiency.
abstract: This article provides an introduction to the anatomical and clinical features of the primary deformities associated with unilateral cleft lip-cleft palate, bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate, and cleft palate. The diagnosis and management of secondary velopharyngeal insufficiency are discussed. The accompanying videos demonstrate the features of the cleft lip nasal deformities and reliable surgical techniques for unilateral cleft lip repair, bilateral cleft lip repair, and radical intravelar veloplasty.
authors.affiliation: Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and London, United Kingdom From the Cleft Lip and Palate Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sommerlad
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*