title: Early postoperative outcomes and blood product utilization in adult cardiac surgery: the post-aprotinin era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aprotinin was a commonly used pharmacological agent for homeostasis in cardiac surgery but was discontinued, resulting in the extensive use of lysine analogues. This study tested the hypothesis that early postoperative adverse events and blood product utilization would affected in this post-aprotinin era.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult patients (n=781) undergoing coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, or both from November 1, 2005, to October 31, 2008, at a single institution were included. Multiple logistic regression modeling and propensity scoring were performed on 29 preoperative and intraoperative variables in patients receiving aprotinin (n=325) or lysine analogues (n=456). The propensity-adjusted relative risk (RR) for the intraoperative use of packed red blood cells (RR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.99), fresh frozen plasma (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.64), and cryoprecipitate (RR:0.06; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.22) were lower in the aprotinin versus lysine analog group (all P<0.05). The risk for mortality (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.79) and neurological events (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.35 to 2.18) remained similar between groups, whereas a trend for reduced risk for renal dysfunction was observed in the aprotinin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the post-aprotinin era, with the exclusive use of lysine analogues, the relative risk of early postoperative outcomes such as mortality and renal dysfunction have not improved, but the risk for the intraoperative use of blood products has increased. Thus, improvements in early postoperative outcomes have not been realized with the discontinued use of aprotinin, but rather increased blood product use has occurred with the attendant costs and risks inherent with this strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina and Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Stacia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: DeSantis
authors.forename: J Matthew
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Toole
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Uber
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wheat
authors.forename: Martha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ikonomidis
authors.forename: Francis G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D000075202:Contraindications; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin; D008239:Lysine