title: Estimation of life expectancies and loss-of-life expectancies for workers with permanent occupational disabilities of the extremities--a 21-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to estimate the life expectancies and loss-of-life expectancies of workers with permanent occupational disabilities of the upper and lower limbs in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected all cases of permanent occupational disability in the upper and lower limbs from the Bureau of Labor Insurance database of compensation claims between 1986-2006; these data were linked with the national mortality registry to obtain a survival function. Workers were divided into eight groups according to their injury types, three of which fulfilled the condition of constant excess hazard and the survival functions were extrapolated to 50 years using a semi-parametric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the subjects involved in the study, 1016 with toe amputations, 995 with foot or leg amputations, and 4339 with foot or leg non-amputations showed a life expectancy of 1.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -1.3- -4.9], 4.9 (95% CI 2.2- -7.6), and 4.5 (95% CI 2.1- -6.9) years, respectively. The above method was validated by extrapolating partial cohorts based on the first 10 years of follow-up data to 21-year and comparing actual survival rates using the Kaplan Meier method. The relative bias of three groups was <8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The semi-parametric extrapolation method is a feasible and accurate approach for projecting life expectancy and expected years of life lost for groups with occupational amputations of the lower extremities. The value of life lost among these groups should be considered when determining compensation for these workers and assessing the cost-effectiveness of preventive occupational health services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hsuan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yu-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yuh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jung-Der
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000328:Adult; D000674:Amputees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000293:injuries*