title: Psychometric validation of the cardiac rehabilitation barriers scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 2636 cardiac inpatients from 11 hospitals completed a survey. One year later, participants completed a follow-up survey, which included the CRBS. A subsample of patients also completed a third survey which included the CRBS, the Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrolment Obstacles scale, and the Beliefs About Cardiac Rehabilitation scale three weeks later. The CRBS asked participants to rate 21 cardiac rehabilitation barriers on a five-point Likert scale regardless of cardiac rehabilitation referral or enrolment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum likelihood factor analysis with oblique rotation resulted in a four-factor solution: perceived need/healthcare factors (eigenvalue = 6.13, Cronbach's α = .89), logistical factors (eigenvalue = 5.83, Cronbach's α = .88), work/time conflicts (eigenvalue = 3.78, Cronbach's α = .71), and comorbidities/functional status (eigenvalue = 4.85, Cronbach's α = .83). Mean total perceived barriers were significantly greater among non-enrollees than cardiac rehabilitation enrollees (P < .001). Convergent validity with the Beliefs About Cardiac Rehabilitation and Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrolment Obstacles scales was also demonstrated. Test-retest reliability of the CRBS was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = .64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CRBS consists of four subscales and has sound psychometric properties. The extent to which identified barriers can be addressed to facilitate greater cardiac rehabilitation utilization warrants future study.
authors.affiliation: York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Shamila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanmugasegaram
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagliese
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Donna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brister
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Grace
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D010358:Patient Participation; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome