title: Reverse nasal SMAS-perichondrium flap to avoid supratip deformity in rhinoplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Supratip deformity is an iatrogenic convexity that occurs cephalically to the nasal tip. This is also known as "parrot beak" deformity and causes an unnatural appearance of the nose. In the literature there are several explanations of the mechanism of the deformity and methods to correct it. One of the most accepted theories about the cause of supratip deformity is overresection of the caudal dorsum. Healing soft tissues fill in the gap created between the septum and the tip of the lower lateral cartilages, leading to fullness in the supratip area. The lower third and basically distal third of the middle third of the nose include several muscle groups, ligamentous structures, and perichondrium as the subcutaneous soft tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the idea of elevating a reverse-based flap basically from the lower third and the lower third of the middle third of the nose, including the perichondrium and SMAS tissue, we aimed to reduce this gap, which has the potential to accumulate soft tissues that cause supratip fullness. Between December 2008 and July 2010, the reverse nasal SMAS-perichondrium flap was used in 42 primary rhinoplasty patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This flap was used in 42 patients. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 18 months. No early or late complications were noted, such as infection, excessive bleeding, or extended edema. Minor revisions were performed in only two patients with the aim of achieving a smoother nasal dorsum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reverse nasal SMAS-perichondrium flap is a new flap. The results presented here are not long term; however, the preliminary results are promising. The flap should be avoided in cases of thin skin, or at least be used with caution, whereas in thick skin cases it is very safe. Further studies in larger groups are required to better define the advantages and disadvantages of this flap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Hospital, Sahil Yolu No. 5 Kepez, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey. cleohus@gmail.com
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Eyuphan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gencel
authors.forename: Oznur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pekedis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D055815:Young Adult