title: Sex-related differences in Japanese patients with peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to examine possible sex-related differences in the clinical characteristics and risk factors in Japanese patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sex-related differences in clinical profiles, risk factors and treatments were examined in 730 consecutive patients with PAD (148 women (20.3%) and 582 men (79.7%)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the women was higher than that of the men (73.6 ± 11.2 vs. 70.9 ± 9.1 years old, p = 0.002) and the proportion of subjects aged ≥ 75 years old was also higher in women (P=0.005). Women more frequently had critical limb ischemia (P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.026), but less frequent smoking and alcohol intake, compared to men (P< 0.001). Total cholesterol (P < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.014) were higher in women. Fontaine stages were correlated with age, diabetes, cerebral infarction and women (p < 0.001). The prevalence of iliac artery lesions was higher in men (p< 0.001), whereas that for below the knee lesions was higher in women (p < 0.001). The number of affected below the knee arteries was also higher in women than in men (p < 0.001). The prevalence of medical treatment was higher in women (P = 0.009) and major amputation tended to be higher in women (p = 0.056).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women had more severe symptomatic states and uncontrolled risk factors. The prevalence of iliac artery lesions was lower, but below the knee lesions were more severe in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan, Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan. kumakura@sannet.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumakura
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasama
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumino
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Kishu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Kuniki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Kazutomo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors