title: Laparoscopic resection of a residual retroperitoneal tumor mass of nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resection of a residual retroperitoneal tumor mass (RRRTM) is standard procedure after combination chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (NSTGCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  At the University Medical Center Groningen, 79 consecutive patients with disseminated NSTGCT were treated with cisplatin combination chemotherapy between 2005 and 2007. Laparoscopic RRRTM was performed for patients with RRTM located less than 5 cm ventrally or laterally from the aorta or the vena cava. The 29 patients who fulfilled the criteria had a median age of 25 years (range, 16-59 years). The stages of disease before chemotherapy treatment according to the Royal Marsden classification were 2A (n = 6, 21%), 2B (n = 14, 48%), 2C (n = 3, 10%), and 4 with a lymph node status of N2 (n = 6, 21%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of laparoscopy was 198 min (range, 122-325 min). The median diameter of the RRTM was 21 mm (range, 11-47 mm). Laparoscopic resection was successful for 25 patients (86%). Conversion was necessary for three patients (10%): two due to bleeding and one because of obesity. One nonplanned hand-assisted procedure (3%) also had to be performed. Histologic examination of the specimens showed fibrosis or necrosis in 12 patients (41%), mature teratoma in 16 patients (55%), and viable tumor in 1 patient (3%). The median hospital stay was 1 day (range, 1-6 days). During a median follow-up period of 47 months (29-70 months), one patient experienced an early relapse (1 month after the end of treatment) (4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For properly selected patients, laparoscopic resection of RRTM is an improvement in the combined treatment of disseminated NSTGCT and associated with a short hospital stay, minimal morbidity, rapid recovery, and a neat cosmetic result. Long-term data to prove oncologic efficacy are awaited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ciğdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Ginkel
authors.forename: Ruby M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.forename: Jourik A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gietema
authors.forename: Hendrik S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hofker
authors.forename: Harald J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult