title: The legacy of fear: is fear impacting fatal and non-fatal drowning of African American children?
abstract: African American children’s rates for fatal and non-fatal drowning events are alarmingly elevated, with some age groups having three times the rate as compared to White peers. Adequate swimming skills are considered a protective agent toward the prevention of drowning, but marginalized youth report limited swimming ability. This research examined minority children’s and parents/caregivers’ fear of drowning as a possible variable associated with limited swimming ability. Results confirmed that there were significant racial differences concerning the fear of drowning, and adolescent African American females were notably more likely to fear drowning while swimming than any other group. The “fear of drowning” responses by parents/ caregivers of minority children were also significantly different from their White counterparts.
authors.affiliation: University of Memphis.
authors.forename: Carol C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drayer
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D001076:Aptitude; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004332:Drowning / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D015701:Near Drowning / Q000266:history; D002666:Psychology, Child / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D013550:Swimming / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology