title: Plasmonic substrates for multiplexed protein microarrays with femtomolar sensitivity and broad dynamic range.
abstract: Protein chips are widely used for high-throughput proteomic analysis, but to date, the low sensitivity and narrow dynamic range have limited their capabilities in diagnostics and proteomics. Here we present protein microarrays on a novel nanostructured, plasmonic gold film with near-infrared fluorescence enhancement of up to 100-fold, extending the dynamic range of protein detection by three orders of magnitude towards the fM regime. We employ plasmonic protein microarrays for the early detection of a cancer biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen, in the sera of mice bearing a xenograft tumour model. Further, we demonstrate a multiplexed autoantigen array for human autoantibodies implicated in a range of autoimmune diseases with superior signal-to-noise ratios and broader dynamic range compared with commercial nitrocellulose and glass substrates. The high sensitivity, broad dynamic range and easy adaptability of plasmonic protein chips presents new opportunities in proteomic research and diagnostics applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tabakman
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Sarah P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sherlock
authors.forename: Hailiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tangsombatvisit
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jarrell
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Utz
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D005453:Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen