title: Does multiple seed loading in Blue Jays result in selective dispersal of smaller acorns?
abstract: Studies from both tropical and temperate systems show that scatter-hoarding rodents selectively disperse larger seeds farther from their source than smaller seeds, potentially increasing seedling establishment in larger-seeded plants. Size-biased dispersal is evident in many oaks (Quercus) and is true both across and within species. Here, we predict that intraspecifc variation in seed size also influences acorn dispersal by the Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata Linnaeus), but in an opposite manner. Blue Jays are gape-limited and selectively disperse smaller acorn species (e.g. pin oaks [Quercus palustris Münchh]), but often carry several acorns in their crop during a single dispersal event. We predict that jays foraging on smaller acorns will load more seeds per trip and disperse seeds to greater distances than when single acorns are carried in the bill. To test this, we presented free-ranging Blue Jays with pin oak acorns of different sizes over a 2-year period. In each of 16 experimental trials, we monitored the birds at a feeding station with remote cameras and determined the number of acorns removed and the distance acorns were dispersed when cached. Jays were significantly more likely to engage in multiple seed loading with smaller seeds in both years of the study. During the second year, these smaller acorns were dispersed farther than larger acorns, and during the first year, larger acorns were dispersed farther, revealing an inconsistent response to seed size during our study. We suggest that in some circumstances, multiple seed loading by Blue Jays may favor dispersal in some plant species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania 18766, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bartlow
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kachmar
authors.forename: Nathanael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lichti
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Swihart
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stratford
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D020387:Food Chain; D010414:Pennsylvania; D029963:Quercus / Q000502:physiology*; D058614:Seed Dispersal; D012639:Seeds / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*