title: Comparison of the acute toxicities of novel algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to various marine organisms.
abstract: Acute toxicity assessments of new algicides, thiazolidinedione derivatives TD49 and TD53, to the marine ecological system were conducted. The toxicity assessments were performed using two of the new International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard methods employing Ulva pertusa Kjellman and three species representative of the marine ecological system, with the results compared by calculating the 50% effective concentration (EC50), 50% lethal concentration (LC50), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), and predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC). In the acute toxicity assessment using the Kjellman, the EC50, NOEC, and PNEC of TD53 were 1.65 µM, 0.08 µM, and 1.65 nM, and those of TD49 were 0.18 µM, 0.63 µM, and 0.18 nM. In the assessments using Skeletonema costatum, Daphnia magna, and Paralichthys olivaceus fry, the EC50 or LC50 of TD53 were 1.53, 0.61, and 2.14 µM, respectively, indicating that D. magna was the most sensitive. The calculated NOEC and PNEC to D. magna were 0.25 µM and 6.10 nM, respectively. The LC50s (or EC50) of TD49 for the three species were 0.34, 0.68, and 0.58 µM. The NOEC and PNEC to S. costatum, the most sensitive species, were 0.2 µM and 3.4 nM, respectively. The slight difference in the chemical structures of the algicides caused significantly different sensitivities and specificities in the toxicities to the employed species. The results of the toxicity assessments showed that application concentrations for algiciding of red tide blooms were higher than the corresponding PNEC values. Therefore, we suggest that a formulization study of the algicides with high specificity should be conducted to reduce the surrounding ecological toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea. seongjun@jnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Seong J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: In T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Si W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000187:drug effects*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005068:Eutrophication; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000633:toxicity; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D044445:Ulva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C560083:5-(4-(cyclopentylmethoxy)benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione; D006540:Herbicides; C570619:TD49 thiazolidinedione; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione