title: Neural correlates of disbalanced motor control in major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motor retardation is a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the existence of various assessment methods, little is known on the pathobiology of motor retardation. We aimed to elucidate aspects of motor control investigating the association of objective motor activity and resting state cerebral blood flow (CBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen control subjects and 20 MDD patients were investigated using arterial spin labeling (ASL) at 3T in the morning to quantify resting state CBF. Afterwards wrist actigraphy was recorded for 24h. CBF, group and activity level (AL) were entered into a whole brain general linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDD patients had reduced AL. Both groups had linear associations of AL and CBF in bilateral rostral prefrontal cortex. Groups differed in four clusters associated with motor control. In controls a positive association was found in the left caudal cingulate zone (CCZ) and an inverse association in the right external globus pallidus (GPe). MDD patients had positive associations in the right orbitofrontal cortex and inverse associations in the left supplemental motor area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients were on antidepressant medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of associations between CBF and AL suggest disbalanced motor control in MDD. Findings are in line with the hypothesis of dopamine deficits contributing to motor retardation in MDD.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: walther@puk.unibe.ch.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Höfle
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Federspiel
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hügli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiest
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D013113:Spin Labels; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D013113:Spin Labels