title: Where does it lead? Imaging features of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices on chest radiograph and CT.
abstract: Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are being increasingly employed in patients suffering from cardiac rhythm disturbances. The principal objective of this article is to familiarize radiologists with pacemakers and ICDs on chest radiographs and CT scans. Therefore, the preferred lead positions according to pacemaker types and anatomic variants are introduced in this study. Additionally, the imaging features of incorrect lead positions and defects, as well as complications subsequent to pacemaker implantation are demonstrated herein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Düesseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Rotem S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lanzman
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blondin
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fürst
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Falk R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Miese
authors.forename: Suhny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbara
authors.forename: Patric
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kröpil
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed