title: Longitudinal changes in weight in relation to smoking cessation in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the association between smoking cessation and prospective weight change in the European population of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of smoking, Eating out of home And obesity (EPIC-PANACEA) project.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved more than 300,000 healthy volunteers, recruited between 1992 and 2000 in 9 European countries, who provided data on anthropometry and smoking habits at baseline and after a follow-up of 5 years on average. Adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models were used to obtain sex-specific summary estimates of the association between the change in smoking status and the annual change in weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking cessation tends to be followed by weight gain; when compared to stable smokers, annual weight gain was higher in men (0.44 kg (95%CI: 0.36; 0.52)) and women (0.46 kg (95%CI: 0.41; 0.52)) who stopped smoking during follow-up. When smokers who stopped smoking at least 1 year before recruitment were compared to never smokers, no major differences in annual weight gain were observed. The excess weight gain following smoking cessation appears to mainly occur in the first years following the cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When considering the benefits of smoking cessation, such findings strengthen the need for promoting cessation offering information on weight gain control and support to weight-concerned smokers in order to remove a barrier to quitting.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. ntravier@iconcologia.net
authors.forename: Noémie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Travier
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Jian'an
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Nick J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Saskia W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieri
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mattiello
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: Laudina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Maria-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naska
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Manuela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindkvist
authors.forename: Mariane U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjonneland
authors.forename: Jytte
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halkjaer
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braaten
authors.forename: Andreani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odysseos
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015430:Weight Gain