title: A polymorphism in the leptin gene promoter is associated with anemia in patients with HIV disease.
abstract: To study factors associated with anemia and its effect on survival in HIV-infected persons treated with modern combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), we characterized the prevalence of anemia in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) and used a candidate gene approach to identify proinflammatory gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with anemia in HIV disease. The study comprised 1597 HIV(+) and 865 HIV(-) VACS subjects with DNA, blood, and annotated clinical data available for analysis. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria (hemoglobin < 13 g/dL and < 12 g/dL in men and women, respectively). The prevalence of anemia in HIV(+) and HIV(-) subjects was 23.1% and 12.9%, respectively. Independent of HIV status, anemia was present in 23.4% and 8% in blacks and whites, respectively. Analysis of our candidate genes revealed that the leptin -2548 G/A SNP was associated with anemia in HIV(+), but not HIV(-), patients, with the AA and AG genotypes significantly predicting anemia (P < .003 and P < .039, respectively, logistic regression). This association was replicated in an independent cohort of HIV(+) women. Our study provides novel insight into the association between genetic variability in the leptin gene and anemia in HIV(+) individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gvanasse@partners.org
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vanasse
authors.forename: Jee-Yeong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Harini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bathulapalli
authors.forename: Damon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mattocks
authors.forename: Amalio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Telenti
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fellay
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Justice
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berliner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D020738:Leptin