title: An open sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel is necessary for detrimental myocyte swelling secondary to stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress (exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia, metabolic inhibition, or osmotic) results in significant myocyte swelling and reduced contractility. In contrast to wild-type mice, these detrimental consequences are not observed in mice lacking the Kir6.2 subunit of the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (sK(ATP)) channel after exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia. The hypothesis for this study was that an open sK(ATP) channel (Kir6.2 and SUR2A subunits) is necessary for detrimental myocyte swelling to occur in response to stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To investigate the role of the sK(ATP) channel in stress-induced myocyte swelling, high-dose pharmacological sK(ATP) channel blockade and genetic deletion (knockout of Kir6.2 subunit) were used. Myocytes were exposed sequentially to Tyrode control (20 minutes), test (stress) solution (20 minutes), and Tyrode control (20 minutes). To evaluate pharmacological channel blockade, myocytes were exposed to hyperkalemic cardioplegia (stress) with and without a K(ATP) channel blocker. To evaluate the effects of genetic deletion, wild-type and sK(ATP) knockout [Kir6.2(-/-)] myocytes were exposed to metabolic inhibition (stress). Myocyte volume was recorded using image-grabbing software. Detrimental myocyte swelling was prevented by high-dose sK(ATP) channel blockade (glibenclamide or HMR 1098) but not mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blockade (5-hydroxydecanoate) during exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia. Genetic deletion of the sK(ATP) channel prevented significant myocyte swelling in response to metabolic inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  K(ATP) channel openers prevent detrimental myocyte swelling and reduce contractility in response to stress through an unknown mechanism. Paradoxically, the present data support a role for sK(ATP) channel activation in myocyte volume derangement in response to stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sellitto
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Dadah
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schuessler
authors.forename: Colin G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lawton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000209:etiology; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D023421:Models, Animal; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel
chemical_list: D005905:Glyburide; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D054086:KATP Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel; C037692:Tyrode's solution