title: Impact of granulocytes on the antimicrobial effect of tedizolid in a mouse thigh infection model.
abstract: Tedizolid (TR-700, formerly torezolid) is the active component of the new oxazolidinone prodrug tedizolid phosphate (TR-701). We had previously demonstrated that tedizolid possessed potent antistaphylococcal activity superior to that of linezolid in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model (A. Louie, W. Liu, R. Kulawy, and G. L. Drusano, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55:3453-3460, 2011). In the current investigation, we used a mouse thigh infection model to delineate the effect of an interaction of TR-700 and granulocytes on staphylococcal cell killing. We compared the antistaphylococcal killing effect of doses of TR-701 equivalent to human exposures ranging from 200 to 3,200 mg/day in both granulocytopenic and normal mice. The mice were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h after therapy initiation. In granulocytopenic mice, a clear exposure response in which, depending on the time point of evaluation, stasis was achieved at "human-equivalent" doses of slightly below 2,300 mg/day (at 24 h) to slightly below 2,000 mg/day (at 72 h) was observed. In immune-normal animals, stasis was achieved at human-equivalent doses of slightly greater than 100 mg/day or less. The variance in bacterial cell killing results was attributable to the presence of granulocytes (without drug), the direct effect of TR-700 on Staphylococcus aureus, and the effect of the drug on Staphylococcus aureus mediated through granulocytes. The majority of the bacterial cell killing in normal animals was attributable to the effect of TR-700 mediated through granulocytes. Additional studies need to be undertaken to elucidate the mechanism underlying this observation.
authors.affiliation: Emerging Infections and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York 12208, USA. gdrusano@ufl.edu
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Drusano
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulawy
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Louie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013848:Thigh / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010755:Organophosphates; D010080:Oxazoles; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D013777:Tetrazoles; C546016:tedizolid; C515040:tedizolid phosphate