title: Agreement among three examiners of colour Doppler imaging retrobulbar blood flow velocity measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the agreement among three masked examiners on central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) blood flow velocity measurements performed with colour Doppler imaging (CDI) in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 eyes of 15 healthy volunteers. Prior to the study, all examiners underwent intensive CDI training by an expert to facilitate uniformity in performing measurements according to a specific protocol. Following the eligibility visit, three masked examiners performed CDI measurements assessing the CRA and OA in both eyes of all subjects. All CDI images were analysed by a masked grader. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) in the CRA and OA among the examiners. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included seven men and eight women (mean age 30.9 ± 4.5 years). In right eyes, ICCs for PSV and EDV in the CRA ranged from 0.917 to 0.961 and from 0.937 to 0.980, respectively. ICCs for PSV and EDV in the OA ranged from 0.802 to 0.926 and from 0.611 to 0.891, respectively. In left eyes, all ICCs for PSV and EDV were >0.9, both in the CRA and the OA. All p-values calculated for ICCs were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expert training and execution of a specific protocol for CDI of ocular blood flow velocity measurements provide highly reproducible results in healthy volunteers. This is important for long-term studies assessing ocular hemodynamics, where multiple examiners may be involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Panayiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Founti
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Domniki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emmanouilidis
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siesky
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kilintzis
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anastasopoulos
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonikiou
authors.forename: Theofanis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Fotis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Topouzis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000592:standards*