title: Cloverleaf skull deformity and hydrocephalus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article describes the clinical aspects for both operated and non-operated patients with a cloverleaf skull deformity treated in our service, focusing on hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe 13 cases of cloverleaf skull deformity treated in our services between 1977 and 2008. Among them, ten were operated (9 out of 13 for the craniofacial stenosis and 7 out of 13 for hydrocephalus).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hydrocephalus was present in all patients with bilateral lambdoid stenosis. There was no case of hydrocephalus among the patients with unilateral or absent lambdoid stenosis. Associated malformations and severe faciostenosis were associated with higher mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of hydrocephalus seems to be closely related to a bilateral lambdoid stenosis. The optimal treatment must be tailored individually considering the degree of the malformation and the presence of complications and comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Rocco
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sainte-Rose
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marchac
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macquet-Nouvion
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Renier
mesh_terms: D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome