title: Effects of music therapy on depression and duration of hospital stay of breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer remains the most important cancer among women worldwide. The disease itself and treatment may have a profound impact on the patients' psychological well being and quality of life. Depression is common in breast cancer patients and affects the therapeutic effects as well as prolongs the duration of hospital stay. However, few studies reported the effectiveness of music therapy on depression and duration of hospital stay of female patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty subjects were recruited to this clinical trial and randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group (n = 60) received music therapy on the basis of routine nursing care, whereas the control group (n = 60) only received the routine nursing care. The whole intervention time was from the first day after radical mastectomy to the third time of admission to hospital for chemotherapy. Data of demographic characteristics and depression were collected by using the General Questionnaire and Chinese version of Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) respectively. One pre-test (the day before radical mastectomy) and three post-tests (the day before discharge from hospital, the second and third admission to hospital for chemotherapy) were utilized. Duration of hospital stay was calculated from the first day after radical mastectomy to the day of discharged from hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean depression score of all subjects was 37.19 ± 6.30. Thirty-six cases (30%) suffered from depression symptoms, with 26 (72.2%) mild depression cases, 9 (25.0%) moderate depression cases, and 1 (2.8%) severe depression case. After music therapy, depression scores of the experimental group were lower than that of the control group in the three post-tests, with significant differences (F = 39.13, P < 0.001; F = 82.09, P < 0.001). Duration of hospital stay after radical mastectomy of the experimental group ((13.62 ± 2.04) days) was shorter than that of the control group ((15.53 ± 2.75) days) with significant difference (t = -4.34, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music therapy has positive effects on improving depression of female patients with breast cancer, and duration of hospital stay after radical mastectomy can be reduced. It is worthy of applying music therapy as an alternative way of nursing intervention in clinical nursing process of caring female patients with breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
authors.forename: Kai-na
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Shao-nong
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Duo-lao
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015409:Mastectomy, Radical / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*