title: The effects of incubation temperature on the sex of Japanese quail chicks.
abstract: The effects of incubation temperature on the sex of Japanese quail chicks were investigated in this study. The study was conducted on Japanese quail. In all, 4500 eggs obtained from 2 generations were used. At the beginning of the study, a new flock was formed from available hatching eggs. Hatching eggs were gathered at 3 different ages (8 to 10 weeks, 16 to 18 weeks and 22 to 24 weeks of age) from the laying period in this flock. These eggs were exposed to 5 different incubation temperatures (36.7, 37.2, 37.7, 38.2, and 38.7°C). The hatching results were evaluated for each group. Chicks obtained from these temperature groups were reared separately to obtain quail for breeding. Eggs for incubation were gathered from these breeding quail when they were between 15 and 18 weeks of age. These eggs were placed in an incubator at a standard (37.7°C) temperature, separated by F(1)-generation temperature groups. The chicks in all groups were reared separately, and the sex of the chicks was determined at maturity. Statistical differences (P < 0.05) were found for the sex of the chicks in the third group (22 to 24 weeks) of the F(1) generation, compared with other groups. This result confirmed the hypothesis that different incubation temperatures for the first generation (at the embryo stage) might influence the sex of the next generation of chicks. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of incubation temperature on chicks from different perspectives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Selcuk, Selçuklu, Konya, Turkey. ayilmaz@selcuk.edu.tr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tepeli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garip
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caglayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003370:Coturnix / Q000196:embryology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D007185:Incubators / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors