title: Liquid chromatography post-column oxidation (PCOX) method for the determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in mussels, clams, oysters, and scallops: collaborative study.
abstract: Sixteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate method performance parameters of a liquid chromatographic method of analysis for paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), soft shell clams (Mya arenaria), sea scallops (Placopectin magellanicus), and American oysters (Crassostrea virginicus). The specific analogs tested included saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, gonyautoxins-1 to -5, decarbamoyl-gonyautoxins-2 and -3, decarbamoyl-saxitoxin, and N-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxin-2 and -3. This instrumental technique has been developed as a replacement for the current AOAC biological method (AOAC Official Method 959.08) and an alternative to the pre-column oxidation LC method (AOAC Official Method 2005.06). The method is based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection (excitation 330 nm and emission 390 nm). The shellfish samples used in the study were prepared from the edible tissues of clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops to contain concentrations of PST representative of low, medium, and high toxicities and with varying profiles of individual toxins. These concentrations are approximately equivalent to 1/2 maximum level (ML), ML, or 2xML established by regulatory authorities (0.40, 0.80, and 1.60 mg STX diHCl eq/kg, respectively). Recovery for the individual toxins ranged from 104 to 127%, and recovery of total toxin averaged 116%. Horwitz Ratio (HorRat) values for individual toxins in the materials included in the study were generally within the desired range of 0.3 to 2.0. For the estimation of total toxicity in the test materials, the reproducibility relative standard deviation ranged from 4.6 to 20%. A bridging study comparing the results from the study participants using the post-column oxidation (PCOX) method with the results obtained in the study director's laboratory on the same test materials using the accepted reference method, the mouse bioassay (MBA; AOAC Official Method 959.08), showed that the average ratio of results obtained from the two methods was 1.0. A good match of values was also achieved with a new certified reference material. The results from this study demonstrated that the PCOX method is a suitable method of analysis for PST in shellfish tissue and provides both an estimate of total toxicity, equivalent to that determined using the MBAAOAC Official Method 959.08, and a detailed profile of the individual toxin present in the sample.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Dartmouth Laboratory, 1992 Agency Dr, Dartmouth, NS, Canada B3B 1Y9. Jeffrey.vanderiet@inspection.gc.ca
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van de Riet
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Muggah
authors.forename: Wade A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Rourke
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: MacNeil
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Quilliam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins