title: CD133+ cancer stem cell-like cells derived from uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor).
abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that display tumor-initiating properties have recently been identified. CD133, a surface glycoprotein linked to organ-specific stem cells, has been described as a marker of CSCs in different tumor types. We herein identify and characterize CSCs in human uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor), which is one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant gynecological malignancies and is considered to be of mesodermal origin. The CD133(+) population was increased in uterine carcinosarcoma, and this population showed biphasic properties in the primary tumor. CD133(+) cells predominantly formed spheres in culture and were able to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. CD133(+) cells were more resistant to cisplatin/paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in comparison with CD133(-) cells. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the genes implicated in stem cell maintenance revealed that CD133(+) cells express significantly higher levels of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Bmi1 than CD133(-) cells. Moreover, CD133(+) cells showed a high expression level of Pax2 and Wnt4, which are genes essential for Müllerian duct formation. These CD133(+) cells form serially transplantable tumors in vivo and the resulting CD133(+) tumors replicated the EpCAM, vimentin, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression of the parent tumor, indicating that CSCs likely differentiated into cells comprising the uterine carcinosarcoma tissue. Moreover, strong CD133 expression in both epithelial and mesenchymal elements in primary tumor demonstrated significant prognostic value. These findings suggest that CD133(+) cells have the characteristics of CSCs and Müllerian mesenchymal progenitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Batsuren
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choijamts
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jimi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naganuma
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emoto
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D002296:Carcinosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018200:Mixed Tumor, Mullerian / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D060528:Wnt4 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C499379:EPCAM protein, human; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497318:PAX2 protein, human; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse; C527782:SOX2 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D014746:Vimentin; C555581:WNT4 protein, human; D060528:Wnt4 Protein; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin