title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the β-cell pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency by β-cell failure. Even if the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of β-cell failure are still under investigation, recent increasing genetic, experimental, and clinical evidence indicate that hyperactivation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to counteract metabolic stresses is closely related to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Signaling pathways of the UPR are "a double-edged sword" that can promote adaptation or apoptosis depending on the nature of the ER stress condition. In this paper, we summarized our current understanding of the mechanisms and components related to ER stress in the β-cell pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Sang-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jaeseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hun-Taeg
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6 / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D060746:Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000502:physiology; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; C497111:ATF6 protein, human; C528229:ERN1 protein, human