title: Enduring direct association of baseline plasma renin activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma renin activity (PRA) has been associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (CVD) events among hypertensive patients. We now report a long-term follow-up to assess the enduring association of PRA to CVD and all-cause mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (3,791) in a systematic hypertension treatment study had entry systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg and mean age 52. CVD and all-cause mortality was ascertained for mean of 16 years. Pretreatment PRA was analyzed as a continuous variable, and by tertiles. The 10-year Framingham score was similarly examined. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 804 deaths, and 360 (45%) were CVD. PRA was associated with all-cause mortality and CVD, but not cancer or non-CVD. Although T3 had lower mean baseline and follow-up systolic BP than T1, (146 vs. 152 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and 135 vs. 139 mm Hg (P < 0.001), respectively), T3 had 37% higher all-cause mortality (HR: 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.63, P < 0.001) and 70% higher CVD mortality (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.29-2.23, P < 0.001) after adjustment. The difference between T3 and T1 in mortality from coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction was more pronounced than for all CVD. PRA also significantly improved CVD risk estimation provided by Framingham.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings extend and reinforce previous evidence that pretreatment PRA has a significant, independent, specific, and direct long-term association with CVD mortality. Moreover, PRA adds significantly to risk identified by the Framingham score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Maday C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Hillel W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jean E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sealey
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Laragh
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Alderman
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D012083:Renin