title: Color Doppler imaging of the superior ophthalmic vein in patients with Graves' orbitopathy before and after treatment of congestive disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare superior ophthalmic vein blood flow parameters measured with color Doppler imaging in patients with congestive Graves' orbitopathy before and after treatment and in normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two orbits from 12 patients with Graves' orbitopathy in the congestive stage and 32 orbits from 16 normal controls underwent color Doppler imaging studies. Color Doppler imaging was repeated after treatment in the group of patients with Graves' orbitopathy, which included orbital decompression in 16 orbits and corticosteroids in six orbits. The findings for each group were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group of orbits with congestive disease, superior ophthalmic vein flow was detected in 17 orbits (anteroposteriorally in 13 and in the opposite direction in four) and was undetectable in five. After treatment, superior ophthalmic vein flow was detected and anteroposterior in 21 and undetected in one orbit. In normals, superior ophthalmic vein flow was detected anteroposterior in 29 orbits and undetectable in three orbits, indicating a significant difference between groups. There was also a significant difference between controls and congestive Graves' orbits and between congestive orbits before and after treatment, but not between controls and patients after treatment. A comparison of superior ophthalmic vein flow parameters revealed a significant difference between the groups. The superior ophthalmic vein flow was significantly reduced in the congestive stage compared with the flow parameters following treatment and in the untreated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superior ophthalmic vein flow was significantly reduced in the orbits affected with congestive Graves' orbitopathy and returned to normal following treatment. Congestion appears to be a contributing pathogenic factor in the active inflammatory stage of Graves' orbitopathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. mlrmonteiro@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Mário L R
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Rodrigo B S
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Hélio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Angotti Neto
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Benabou
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014680:Veins