title: Hydration status in adolescent judo athletes before and after training in the heat.
abstract: Adolescent judo athletes who train in tropical climates may be in a persistent state of dehydration because they frequently restrict fluids during daily training sessions to maintain or reduce their body weight and are not given enough opportunities to drink.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine the body hydration status of adolescent judo athletes before, immediately after, and 24 h after (24H) a training session and document sweat Na+ loss and symptoms of dehydration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass and urine color and specific gravity (USG) were measured before, after, and 24 h after a training session in a high-heat-stress environment (29.5 ± 1.0°C; 77.7 ± 6.1% RH) in 24 adolescent athletes. Sweat sodium loss was also determined. A comparison was made between mid-pubertal (MP) and late pubertal (LP) subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the subjects started training with a significant level of dehydration. During the training session, MP subjects lost 1.3 ± 0.8% of their pretraining body mass whereas LP subjects lost 1.9 ± 0.5% (P < .05). Sweat sodium concentration was 44.5 ± 23.3 mmol/L. Fluid intake from a water fountain was minimal. Subjects reported symptoms of dehydration during the session, which in some cases persisted throughout the night and the next day. The 24H USG was 1.028 ± 0.004 and 1.027 ± 0.005 g/mL for MP and LP, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent judo athletes arrive to practice with a fluid deficit, do not drink enough during training, and experience symptoms of dehydration, which may compromise the quality of training and general well-being.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sports Health and Exercise Sciences at the Albergue Olímpico, Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Anita M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rivera-Brown
authors.forename: Roberto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: De Félix-Dávila
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D003681:Dehydration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology