title: Poverty, folate deficiency, human immunodeficiency virus and ulcerated vulval sexually transmitted diseases in Jamaica.
abstract: Sexually transmitted genital ulcerative conditions are declining in Jamaica. The rates at present are far lower than that seen in the 1950s-1960s. Review of the records of the national Comprehensive Clinic has revealed that all of the major sexually transmitted conditions (Syphilis, Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV), Chancroid, Granuloma Inguinale and Herpes Simplex) have declined but have had three peaks between 1958 and 2000. Closer review seems to suggest that the peaks were associated firstly with poverty in the 1960s and 1970s and to the HIV epidemic in the 1980s and early 1990s. There are also smaller spikes which appear to be associated with periods of environmental disasters, with a possible association with folate deficiency. This is apparent for the bacterial and chlamydial conditions as well as viral conditions such as Herpes simplex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. horacefletcher@flowja.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brathwaite
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hylton-Kong
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica; D011203:Poverty; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014845:Vulvar Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology