title: Healthier students are better learners: high-quality, strategically planned, and effectively coordinated school health programs must be a fundamental mission of schools to help close the achievement gap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss implications for educational policy and practice relevant to closing the achievement gap based on the literature review and synthesis presented in 7 articles of the October 2011 special issue of the Journal of School Health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implications for closing the achievement gap are drawn from analyses of current literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the past several decades, school reform efforts to close the achievement gap have focused on various strategies, yielding very limited progress. Educationally relevant health disparities influence students' motivation and ability to learn, but reducing these disparities has been largely overlooked as an element of an overall strategy for closing the achievement gap. If these health problems are not addressed, the educational benefits of other school reform efforts will be jeopardized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthier students are better learners. School health programs and services that are evidence based, strategically planned to influence academic achievement, and effectively coordinated warrant validation as a cohesive school improvement initiative for closing the achievement gap. National, state, and local responsibilities for supporting school health are outlined, including shared strategies; leadership from the U.S. Department of Education; policy development; guidance, technical assistance, and professional development; accountability and data and software systems; and a research agenda. To date, the U.S. Department of Education has not provided leadership for integrating evidence-based, strategically planned, and effectively coordinated school health programs and services into the fundamental mission of schools. Now is an opportune time for change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA. ceb35@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Basch
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004522:Educational Status; D006285:Health Planning / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D007858:Learning; D009938:Organizations; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States