title: Role of calcium and calmodulin in reaction of gastric fundus contraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The subject of this study is determination of the influence of calmodulin and calcium on gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction. During experiments, the author tested the influence of a serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin (5-HT), causing smooth muscle contraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testing was conducted on tissues isolated from rat's stomach. Male Wistar rats with weight between 220 g and 360 g were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of urethane (120 mg/kg). The stomach was dissected, and later the gastric fundus was isolated. Tissue was placed in a dish for insulated organs with 20 ml in capacity, filled with Krebs fluid. Results contained in the study are average values ± SE. In order to determine statistical significance, the principles of receptor theory were used (Kenakin modification).
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to conducted tests, we can deduce that 8 Br cGMP stops the reaction of gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction induced by serotonin. The use of 8Br-cGMP in the range of concentrations between 10 and 300 µM leads to reduction of maximum effect from 100% to 46%. Similar changes were obtained after the use of guanylate cyclase activator (CG) - YC-1. Curves for the contractile activity of serotonin along with an increase of concentration YC-1 are shifted to the right, and the maximum effect of reaction decreases. Increasing concentrations of flunarizine, a calmodulin antagonist, in a concentration-dependent way blocks binding between calcium and calmodulin, and at the same time leads to the shift of concentration-effect curves for serotonin to the right and a decrease of maximum reaction. Increasing concentrations of ODQ, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor lead to statistically significant shift of the curves to the left, decrease of EC(50) value and simultaneous increase of maximum reaction to serotonin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to conducted testing, serotonin causes gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction dependent on concentration. Reaction of contraction induced by serotonin is stopped by a calmodulin antagonist, flunarizine. In addition, experiments confirmed participation of cyclical nucleotides in blocking reaction of gastric fundus contraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz. gajdi@o2.pl
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajdus
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szadujkis-Szadurski
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szadujkis-Szadurski
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Glaza
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zalewska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szadujkis-Szadurska
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gurtowska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005748:Gastric Fundus / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D012701:Serotonin; D002118:Calcium