title: Dietary induction of long-term hyperoxaluria in the porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine if a hydroxyproline (HP) or gelatin diet could induce long-term hyperoxaluria in the porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 gravid crossbred sows (Large White × Landrace) were randomly allotted into three treatment groups: 5% HP, 10% HP, and gelatin diet. All sows were catheterized 1 day before starting treatment diet. Catheters were left in place for 5 days before being removed. Sows were recatheterized for urine collections on days 11 to 12 and days 21 to 22. Urine was collected for each entire 24-hour period, and urinary oxalate was determined by ion chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary oxalate concentrations for all three diets peaked within the first 5 days of the diet. The sows fed the 5% HP, 10% HP, and gelatin diets had an early peak in urinary oxalate concentration (mg/L) at day 2 (158% increase), day 5 (316% increase), and day 5 (830% increase), respectively. The day 21 to 22 time points in all three diets demonstrated markedly increased urinary oxalate concentrations in comparison with baseline, with some concentrations higher than the early time point peaks (day 22: 5% HP=1906% increase, P=0.12; 10% HP=640% increase, P=0.02; gelatin=501% increase, P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both the 10% HP and gelatin diets induce significant short- and long-term hyperoxaluria in the porcine model, the gelatin diet is more cost-effective. The ability to induce long-term hyperoxaluria has important implications in establishing a porcine model for oxalate urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Sutchin R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Kristina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Penniston
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iwicki
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Crenshaw
authors.forename: Stephen Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nakada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005780:Gelatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000009:adverse effects; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D005780:Gelatin; D006909:Hydroxyproline