title: Serum adipokine levels in type 1 diabetic patients: association with carotid intima media thickness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipokines are markers of insulin resistance and play a role in the atherosclerotic process. The association of adipokines with the macrovascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) needs to be determined. The aim of this study was to measure serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels in type 1 DM patients and investigate their relationship with carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), a clinical marker of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five type 1 DM patients and 115 sex and age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method). CIMT was assessed by Doppler ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin levels in diabetics were higher (25.8±14.8 μg/mL vs. 5.5±7.3 μg/mL; P<0.0001) and leptin levels were lower than controls (9.4±6.2 ng/mL vs. 12.8±8.6 ng/mL; P=0.01). Resistin levels were also higher in the diabetic group compared to controls (2.1±1.4 ng/mL vs. 1.6±0.8 ng/mL; P=0.04). Adiponectin was correlated negatively with CIMT (r=-0.24, P=0.03), age (r=-0.30, P=0.02), BMI (r=-0.33, P=0.02), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r=-0.38, P=0.01) and positively with creatinine (r=0.44, P=0.004). Leptin levels were correlated with total cholesterol (r=0.53, P=0.01) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r=0.67, P=0.001). Resistin was correlated with CIMT (r=0.24, P=0.03) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.48, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed resistin and creatinine to be independent predictors of CIMT among adiponectin, leptin, resistin, WHR, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and creatinine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased adiponectin correlates negatively and resistin positively with CIMT in type 1 diabetic patients, but adjusting for other known predictors reveals only resistin to be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey. dilekdy2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yazıcı
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Ayliz Velioğlu
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Öğünç
authors.forename: Önder
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Sirikçi
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.forename: Oğuzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deyneli
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akalın
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D052243:Resistin; C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C499624:RETN protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human