title: Gadolinium metallofullerenol nanoparticles inhibit cancer metastasis through matrix metalloproteinase inhibition: imprisoning instead of poisoning cancer cells.
abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the antimetastasis activity of gadolinium metallofullerenol nanoparticles (f-NPs) in malignant and invasive human breast cancer models. We demonstrated that f-NPs inhibited the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes and further interfered with the invasiveness of cancer cells in tissue culture condition. In the tissue invasion animal model, the invasive primary tumor treated with f-NPs showed significantly less metastasis to the ectopic site along with the decreased MMP expression. In the same animal model, we observed the formation of a fibrous cage that may serve as a physical barrier capable of cancer tissue encapsulation that cuts the communication between cancer- and tumor-associated macrophages, which produce MMP enzymes. In another animal model, the blood transfer model, f-NPs potently suppressed the establishment of tumor foci in lung. Based on these data, we conclude that f-NPs have antimetastasis effects and speculate that utilization of f-NPs may provide a new strategy for the treatment of tumor metastasis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In this study utilizing metallofullerenol nanoparticles, the authors demonstrate antimetastasis effects and speculate that utilization of these nanoparticles may provide a new strategy in metastatic tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Gengmei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Elvin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Baoyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaoda
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Alexandru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korotcov
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xing-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Chunying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000556:secondary; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000517:prevention & control; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D005682:Gadolinium; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases