title: Systematic screening of BK virus by real-time PCR prevents BK virus associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BK virus associated nephropathy occurs in approximately 5% of renal transplant recipients. Quantitation of BKV DNA in serum/plasma early in the course of disease has been suggested to be an important diagnostic tool for polymavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN). The aim of this study was to develop a BKV real-time PCR (qPCR), which could be included in a diagnostic qPCR platform. Additionally, the significance of the assay as a surrogate marker for PVAN was investigated. Quantitation of BKV DNA by qPCR was carried out on 234 serum samples from a retrospective study including 31 renal transplant recipients monitored for at least 6 months post-transplantation. BKV viremia was detected in 9 out of 31 patients. Four patients had a viral load of >10,000 copies/ml at least on one occasion. In two of these patients, PVAN was diagnosed clinically during the study period. In retrospect, these patients were shown to be BKV positive before the clinical diagnosis of PVAN was made. Another two patients had a permanent graft dysfunction, but were never clinically diagnosed with PVAN. None of the remaining five patients with BKV DNA (<10,000 copies/ml) had renal impairment. Based on these results, an algorithm was introduced at the study center in 2006 and to date, August 2011, no cases of PVAN with loss of graft have been observed. The concept of including different PCR protocols in a common qPCR platform allows laboratories with small sample numbers to perform regularly a variety of assays at a reasonable cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, Sweden. anna-lena.hammarin@smi.se
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hammarin
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Öqvist
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.forename: Kerstin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Falk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001739:BK Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014180:Transplantation; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*