title: Chemoattractant receptors as pharmacological targets for elimination of glioma stem-like cells.
abstract: Malignant tumors are thought to be initiated by a small population of cells that display stem cell properties, including the capacity of self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, initiation of tumor tissues and resistance to therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have also been identified in gliomas in which they are named as glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs), or glioma stem cells. In xenograft transplantation models, GSLCs propagate tumor and promote tumor progression. The tumorigenesis of GSLCs depends not only on their autonomous proliferation but also on interaction with microenvironment components. Among these components, G protein coupled chemoattractant receptors (GPCRs) and their agonists have attracted much attention for their capacity to mediate leukocyte infiltration, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. Chemoattractant GPCRs are widely expressed by tumor cells and stromal cells and recognize agonists present in the tumor microenvironment. Such GPCRs have been found to be expressed also by CSCs including GSLCs. In this brief review, we will summarize the recent development in the studies of the function, regulation and signal transduction of chemoattractant GPCRs in GSLCs in hope to promote a better understanding of the mechanistic basis of the progression of gliomas and the identification of molecular targets for the novel anti-glioma therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Keqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wanghua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ming-yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiu-wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Ji Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide