title: Visually guided male urinary catheterization: a feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ten percent to 15% of urinary catheterizations involve complications. New techniques to reduce risks and pain are indicated. This study examines the feasibility and safety of male urinary catheterization by nursing personnel using a visually guided device in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The device, a 0.6-mm fiber-optic bundle inside a 14F triple-lumen flexible urinary catheter with a lubricious coating, irrigation port, and angled tip, connects to a camera, allowing real-time viewing of progress on a color monitor. Two emergency nurses were trained to use the device. Male patients 18 years or older presenting to the emergency department with an indication for urinary catheterization using a standard Foley or Coudé catheter were eligible to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were a current suprapubic tube or gross hematuria prior to the procedure. Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Data collected included success of placement, total procedure time, pre-procedure pain and maximum pain during the procedure, gross hematuria, abnormalities or injuries identified if catheterization failed, occurrence of and reason for equipment failures, and number of passes required for placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All catheters were successfully placed. The median number of passes required was 1. For all but one patient, procedure time was ≤ 17 minutes. A median increase in pain scores of 1 point from baseline to the maximum was reported. Gross hematuria was observed in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success rate for placement of a Foley catheter with the visually guided device was 100%, indicating its safety, accuracy, and feasibility in a clinical setting. Minimal pain was associated with the procedure.
authors.affiliation: MidOhio Emergency Services, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH 43235, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Willette
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shaffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D062885:Urinary Catheters; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control