title: Insights into the antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions of the antimicrobial peptide, epinecidin-1, against Vibrio vulnificus infection in zebrafish.
abstract: In the present study, we used Vibrio vulnificus and a zebrafish model system to investigate the inhibitory effect of epinecidin-1 on acute bacterial infection and studied the impacts of pretreatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment with epinecidin-1 on its protective efficacy. In vivo experiments showed that co-treatment with epinecidin-1 and V. vulnificus achieved 78%-97% survival rates after 30 days. When epinecidin-1 and V. vulnificus were co-injected into zebrafish and zebrafish were re-challenged with V. vulnificus after 30 days, zebrafish had survival rates of 22%-47%. Pretreatment and post-treatment with epinecidin-1 obtained respective survival rates of 57% and 60%. In addition, epinecidin-1 modulated the expressions of immune-responsive genes like interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1b, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ as analyzed by a microarray and qPCR approach. This study demonstrates the use of epinecidin-1 to develop inactivated material for fish bacterial infections which can provide guidelines for the future design of epinecidin-1-bacterial formulations for various in vivo applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chieh-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jen-Leih
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cho-Fat
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Cheng-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jyh-Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D017931:DNA Primers; D029941:Fish Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C521392:epinecidin-1, Epinephelus coioides; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma