title: The non-motor syndrome of primary dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological implications.
abstract: Dystonia is typically considered a movement disorder characterized by motor manifestations, primarily involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. However, growing evidence indicates an important non-motor component to primary dystonia, including abnormalities in sensory and perceptual functions, as well as neuropsychiatric, cognitive and sleep domains. Here, we review this evidence and discuss its clinical and pathophysiological implications.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stamelou
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: Kailash P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*