title: [Mechanisms for the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the floodplain-river ecosystem of the Konda River in different periods of epizootic activity of an infection focus].
abstract: The basis of the mechanism responsible for the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the infection foci in the interepizootic periods is their association with the morphological structure of the floodplain-river landscape of the Konda River. The landscape's facias and holes, which are common to the foci, are integrated, by predetermining the territorial combination. The formation of a closed trinomial Francisella tularensis parasite system integrating these foci serves as a basis for the mechanism of the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia on transition of the latter from the interepizootic state to epizooty. The absence of host populations linking the foci of methorchiasis (M. xanthosomus), bilharziasis, and tularemia determines their combination both in the interepizootic periods and at the level of the landscape morphological structure. The basis for the mechanism of the formation of a combination of the natural foci of trematodiases and tularemia in the periods of diffuse epizooties in the infection foci is the formation of an open binomial F. tularensis parasite system and the infestation of the co-members of F. tularensis trematode parasite systems. By penetrating into them, the pathogen forces the F. tularensis parasite system to enter the trematode parasite systems, causing their complete (opisthorchiases, methorchiases) or partial (bilharziasis) coincidence. Thus, these foci are combined at the level of parasitocenoses of the parasite systems of infections and infestations, by giving rise to pseudosystem combined foci. The natural foci of B. polonica and F. tularensis are combined at the level of parasitocenosis of the coacting hemipopulation of trematode parthenitas, F. tularensis subpopulations and intermediate host population, by forming an autoecious population-combination bilharziasis-tularemia focus. The formation of territorial-combination, autoecious population-combination, and pseudosystem-combination foci of trematodiases and tularemia in different periods of the epizootic activity of an infection focus is determined by the functional organization of the parasite system of a tularemia focus and the biocenotic (functional) structure of natural foci of infestations.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ushakov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003411:Arvicolinae / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D058448:Biota; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D017753:Ecosystem; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D045483:Rivers / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D012376:Rodent Diseases; D012426:Russia; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014200:Trematoda / Q000382:microbiology; D014406:Tularemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology