title: Case-control study of the metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk factors for endometrial cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome may predict endometrial cancer risk better than diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, or weight alone, but few studies have examined this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based case-control study in Alberta, Canada (2002-2006) that included 515 incident endometrial cancer cases and 962 frequency age-matched controls. Data were collected through in-person interviews, anthropometric measurements, and 8-hour fasting bloods drawn either pre- or postsurgery. Bloods were analyzed using quantitative colorimetric or absorbance-based assays (ELISA), specific to metabolic syndrome markers. Metabolic syndrome was defined using harmonized guidelines requiring presence of ≥ 3 of the following risk factors: waist circumference ≥ 88 cm, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <50 mg/dL, treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension, and fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL. OR and 95% CIs for endometrial cancer risk with presence of metabolic syndrome and individual metabolic syndrome components were estimated using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic syndrome was significantly more prevalent among cases (62%) than controls (38%). A statistically significant increased risk for endometrial cancer was observed for metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.17-2.00), as well as for some of the individual components of metabolic syndrome including waist circumference ≥ 88 cm (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.18-2.08), hypertension (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.18-2.09), and fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03-1.67). Some evidence for effect modification by menopausal status and body mass index was also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic syndrome is clearly associated with increased endometrial cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Targeting the entire metabolic syndrome may optimize endometrial cancer risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health Research, Division of Cancer Care, Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331-29 Street N.W. Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada. Christine.Friedenreich@albertahealthservices.ca
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Friedenreich
authors.forename: Rita K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Biel
authors.forename: David C W
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Csizmadi
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Courneya
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Magliocco
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides