title: The association of metabolic syndrome with reflux esophagitis: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity has been associated with reflux esophagitis. However, the association of metabolic syndrome with reflux esophagitis remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of 372 subjects undergoing upper endoscopy during health checkups was conducted (182 patients with reflux esophagitis vs 190 age and gender-matched controls). We further measured their height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with the presence of reflux esophagitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reflux esophagitis cases showed higher mean waist circumference (81.37 ± 0.68 vs 79.36 ± 0.70, P < 0.05), waist hip ratio (0.86 ± 0.01 vs 0.84 ± 0.01, P < 0.05) and fasting blood glucose (5.59 ± 0.10 vs 5.32 ± 0.08, P < 0.05) than those in controls. When adjusted for gender and age, multivariate analysis demonstrated that there was a positive dose-response relationship between reflux esophagitis and waist hip ratio (men: OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.52-7.62, women: OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.61-7.06), triglyceride (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.12-3.82), fasting blood glucose (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.12-2.94), and metabolic syndrome (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.15-3.50), there was an inverse dose-response relationship between reflux esophagitis and high-density lipoprotein for men (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High waist hip ratio, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and metabolic syndrome were associated with increased risk factors for reflux esophagitis while high high-density lipoprotein for men correlated with a reduced risk of reflux esophagitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides