title: Comparison of clamping modalities in a rabbit model of normothermic renal ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of renal function recovery with different renal vessel clamping modalities during a prolonged warm ischemia (WI) condition in an experimental two-kidney rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight rabbits were randomly clustered into four groups and underwent laparotomy with different types of renal pedicle clamping. Group 1 (n=4) was sham-operated. Group 2 (n=8) underwent 80 minutes of WI with artery only clamping. Group 3 (n=8) underwent arteriovenous clamping for 80 minutes, and group 4 (n=8) received an arteriovenous clamping for 80 minutes with 10-second declamping periods every 20 minutes. Serum levels of creatinine (SCr) were recorded preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7. Renal function was evaluated by (99m)technetium-mercaptoacetyltriglycine scintigraphy. Afterward, the animals were euthanized, and the kidneys were harvested and evaluated microscopically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal function completely recuperated on POD 7 in the groups that underwent artery only and ateriovenous intermittent clamping, and both of these methods were superior to ateriovenous clamping (P<0.001). SCr showed a similar variation in all the clamping groups and did not demonstrate statistical differences among the groups. Histopathologic changes were similar among the ischemic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The less deleterious clamping modalities in this experimental model were the artery only and intermittent en bloc clamping methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. ciprianoformiga@usp.br
authors.forename: Cipriano C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Formiga
authors.forename: Anuar I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mitre
authors.forename: Lisias N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buchpiguel
authors.forename: Fabio L N
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radin
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003250:Constriction; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011817:Rabbits; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D017263:Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide; D013997:Time Factors; D052096:Warm Ischemia / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017263:Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide; D003404:Creatinine