title: Glycosylphosphatidylinositols of Toxoplasma gondii induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 production and degradation of galectin-3.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) bind to galectin-3 to induce TNF-α production in macrophages via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Here we show that T. gondii GPIs stimulate human macrophages to synthesize matrix metalloproteinase-9 in a TNF-α-dependent pathway and degrade extracellular galectin-3.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, AG Parasitologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany. S.Niehus@unistra.fr
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niehus
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elass
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coddeville
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guérardel
authors.forename: Ralph T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Debierre-Grockiego
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9