title: Role of sarcolemmal BK(Ca) channels in stretch-induced extrasystoles in isolated chick hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It remains unclear whether sarcolemmal BK(Ca) channels in post-hatch chick ventricular myocytes contribute to stretch-induced extrasystoles (SIE), and whether they are stretch-activated BK(Ca) (SAK(Ca)) channels or a non-stretch-sensitive BK(Ca) variant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To determine the role of sarcolemmal BK(Ca) channels in SIE and their stretch sensitivity, an isolated 2-week-old Langendorff-perfused chick heart and mathematical simulation were used. The ventricular wall was rapidly stretched by application of a volume change pulse. As the speed of the stretch increased, the probability of SIE also significantly increased, significantly shortening the delay between SIE and the initiation of the stretch. Application of 100 nmol/L of Grammostola spatulata mechanotoxin 4, a cation-selective stretch-activated channel (SAC) blocker, significantly decreased the probability of SIE. The application of Iberiotoxin, however, a BK(Ca) channel blocker, significantly increased the probability of SIE, suggesting that a K(+) efflux via a sarcolemmal BK(Ca) channel reduces SIE by balancing out stretch-induced cation influx via SACs. The simulation using a cardiomyocyte model combined with a new stretch sensitivity model that considers viscoelastic intracellular force transmission showed that stretch sensitivity in BK(Ca) channels is required to reproduce the present wet experimental results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sarcolemmal BK(Ca) channels in post-hatch chick ventricular myocytes are SAK(Ca) channels, and they have a suppressive effect on SIE.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. iribe@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Gentaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iribe
authors.forename: Honghua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naruse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D010455:Peptides; C064719:iberiotoxin