title: Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates on embryonic metabolism, hatchability, and subsequent somatic characteristics of broiler hatchlings.
abstract: The effects of the in ovo injection of different carbohydrate solutions on the internal egg temperature (IT), hatchability, and time of hatch of embryonated Ross × Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs were determined. In addition, the BW, liver weight, yolk sac weight (YSW), and yolk-free BW (YFBW) of the embryos on d 19.5 of incubation and of the chicks on day of hatch were determined. Eggs containing live embryos were injected in the amnion on d 18.5 of incubation using an automated multiple-egg injector. Solution injections delivered 1.2 mL of physiological saline (0.85%) alone or with a supplemental carbohydrate. The following supplemental carbohydrates were separately dissolved in saline at a concentration of 0.3 g/mL: glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, and dextrin. Temperature transponders were implanted in the air cells of embryonated and nonembryonated eggs after in ovo injection for the detection of IT at 6, 14, and 22 h after injection. The IT of embryonated eggs was significantly greater than that of nonembryonated eggs at all 3 times after the treatment period. Eggs that were injected with saline with or without supplemental carbohydrates experienced a reduction in IT when compared with control eggs whose shells were perforated without solution delivery, and the decrease in IT was associated with a delay in hatch time. Liver weight was negatively related to YSW and positively related to YFBW, and YSW was negatively related to YFBW. Although the saline and carbohydrate solution injections increased chick BW compared with noninjected controls, chick YFBW was decreased in the maltose- and sucrose-injected groups. In conclusion, the injection of 1.2 mL of saline with or without supplemental carbohydrates lowered embryonic metabolism, as reflected by a lower IT and a delay in time of hatch. However, effects of the different carbohydrate solutions on yolk absorption and tissue deposition in yolk-free embryos varied. These results suggest that lower volumes for solutions containing maltose, sucrose, or fructose should be considered for in ovo injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississipi State, MS, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pulikanti
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peebles
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004531:Eggs; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology; D009929:Organ Size; D012996:Solutions; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D012996:Solutions