title: Hemostasis effects of direct intraparenchymal injection of platelets and fresh frozen plasma before cutting needle biopsy in an animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of direct intraparenchymal injection of platelets or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) into the needle tract before cutting needle biopsy to decrease postprocedural blood loss in pigs with normal and abnormal hemostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 Yorkshire-cross pigs were anesthetized and maintained on a respirator. The pigs were divided into three groups: three with normal hemostasis, five treated with warfarin anticoagulation, and four treated with aspirin. Four types of biopsies were performed in the exposed livers and kidneys with 14-gauge Tru-Cut needles. The first was a standard (ie, control) biopsy, and the other three were performed with 2 mL normal saline solution, porcine FFP, or platelet-rich porcine plasma injected into the planned needle tract. Biopsy was then performed in the same needle tract. Blood loss was measured with gauze sponges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly decreased postbiopsy blood loss was noted after FFP and platelet injection in the livers and kidneys of all groups except the kidney biopsy group after platelet injection in pigs with normal hemostasis. There was no significant difference in blood loss between the control and saline solution control groups in any of the pigs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local injection of platelets or FFP significantly decreases postbiopsy blood loss in pigs with impaired hemostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Luke R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Haaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D007267:Injections; D023421:Models, Animal; D010949:Plasma; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014859:Warfarin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin