title: [Coreceptor usage of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in primary infection through sexual contact transmission].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the coreceptor usage characters and evolution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) primary infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 HIV-1 primary infection cases were recruited from a high-risk population for this prospective cohort trial. The blood samples were collected at the earliest time after infection and after a viral setpoint respectively. RNA was extracted from plasma. The env genes were amplified through reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and nested PCR. And the env fragments were ligated to T vector and then sequenced. The pattern of coreceptor usage was predicted with five different online tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among them, 11 were predicted as CCR5 virus transmission and 1 as CXCR4 virus transmission. The viruses in 1 case were detected as a switch of coreceptor usage from CCR5 to CXCR4. The consistency of five different prediction rules was 88.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the CCR5 usage virus is predominant in primary infection through sexual transmission, CXCR4 usage virus can also be detected. A switch of coreceptor usage may happen within the first year post-infection. Adopting multiple rules may improve the efficiency and validity for the prediction of coreceptor usage based on genotypes.
authors.affiliation: China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Yan-hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-xu
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ming-hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shu-xu
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhen-xing
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jun-jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus