title: Elevated serum cystatin C is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in people with relatively normal renal function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum level of cystatin C could predict morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease in patients with coronary heart disease. However, the predictive value of cystatin C for cardiovascular events in subjects with relatively normal renal function, especially in Asian populations, has rarely been investigated. The current study investigated the relationship between cystatin C and cardiovascular events in a community-based population in Beijing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents (n=724) with relatively normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] =60 ml/min per 1.73 m2), who attended a community hospital in an urban district of Beijing, were recruited in the study. Risk factors for cardiovascular events were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with subjects without cardiovascular events, those with cardiovascular events were older (p<0.000001) and had a higher proportion of males (p<0.01), those with diabetes (p<0.05) and smokers (p<0.05). Subjects with cardiovascular events had lower levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and eGFR than those without (p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). The serum level of cystatin C was significantly higher in subjects with cardiovascular events than in subjects without cardiovascular events (p<0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of cardiovascular events were age, hypertension and serum level of cystatin C (higher than 0.88 mg/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Besides the traditional risk factors, a higher level of serum cystatin C might be another independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, even in those with relatively normal renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Tong
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Xue-jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-Bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bao-Wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C