title: Facts first, then reaction--expectant fathers' experiences of an ultrasound screening identifying soft markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  expectant fathers often attend pregnancy ultrasound but their needs are poorly examined, especially in connection with adverse findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to explore men's expectations of routine ultrasound and experiences when soft markers were discovered.
  
  
  METHODS
  a qualitative study at Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden where semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 expectant fathers 6-12 weeks after the discovery of a soft marker at the routine ultrasound scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  five major themes emerged: (1) 'immediate reaction: frustration and thoughts about consequences', (2) 'need for facts to gain control', (3) 'concern about the partner', (4) 'in retrospect: almost okay but routines need changing' and (5) 'amniocenteses or not: a joint decision with several considerations'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  these findings contribute important knowledge about men's needs related to pregnancy ultrasound with unexpected findings, and their role in decision-making concerning fetal diagnostics. Our results show that men enter a role of a kind of fact manager and have both a psychological need as well as the capacity to perceive important information during the process following the detection of a soft marker in the fetus. Practitioners conducting pregnancy ultrasound should therefore have relevant knowledge to be able to provide immediate information about soft markers, including risk assessment for chromosomal defects. In addition to this, written information about soft markers should be available to expecting parents in this situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala university, Child Public Health Unit, Samariterhemmet, SE-751 25 Uppsala, Sweden. annika.ahman@kbh.uu.se
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Åhman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000523:psychology; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods; D010332:Paternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult