title: The Spanish version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form: reliability and validity assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a minority of infants are exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months postpartum. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed and is highly predictive of breastfeeding behaviors. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) was developed among English-speaking mothers to measure breastfeeding self-efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate the BSES-SF into Spanish and assess its psychometric properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methodological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One public hospital in Orihuela, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 135 in-hospital breastfeeding women was recruited on their second day postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BSES-SF was translated into Spanish using forward translation, back-translation and pilot testing. Internal consistency, construct validity and predictive validity were assessed. A battery of self-report questionnaires was administered on the second day postpartum including: a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and breastfeeding status, the translated BSES-SF, the Spanish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Stress Management Self-Efficacy Scale. Also, data on breastfeeding status at three weeks postpartum were collected by telephone interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.92. The translated BSES-SF presented a unidimensional structure with factor loadings of >0.30. In addition, demographic response patterns and correlations with self-efficacy scales provided further evidence of construct validity. In-hospital BSES-SF scores significantly predicted exclusive breastfeeding at 3 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the Spanish translation of the BSES-SF can be considered a valid and reliable measure of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy in Spain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Alicante, Apdo. de correos 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain. Antonio.Oliver@ua.es
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliver-Roig
authors.forename: Marta-Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: d'Anglade-González
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: Jose-Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Silva-Tubio
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richart-Martínez
authors.forename: Cindy-Lee
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating