title: Thermal effects of mobile phone RF fields on children: a provocation study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine thermal and local blood flow responses in the head area of the preadolescent boys during exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields produced by a GSM mobile phone. The design was a double-blinded sham-controlled study of 26 boys, aged 14-15 years. The SAR distribution was calculated and modelled in detail. The duration of the sham periods and exposures with GSM 900 phone was 15 min each, and the tests were carried out in a climatic chamber in controlled thermoneutral conditions. The ear canal temperatures were registered from both ear canals, and the skin temperatures at several sites of the head, trunk and extremities. The local cerebral blood flow was monitored by a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and the autonomic nervous system function by recordings of ECG and continuous blood pressure. During the short-term RF exposure, local cerebral blood flow did not change, the ear canal temperature did not increase significantly and autonomic nervous system was not interfered. The strengths of this study were the age of the population, multifactorial physiological monitoring and strictly controlled thermal environment. The limitations of the study were large inter-individual variation in the physiological responses, and short duration of the exposure. Longer provocation protocols, however, might cause in children distress related confounding physiological responses.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. harri.lindholm@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alanko
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rintamäki
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kännälä
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toivonen
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sistonen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tiikkaja
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: Maila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hietanen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D040421:Cell Phone; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000528:radiation effects; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins