title: The effect of quercetin on expression of SOX9 and subsequent release of type II collagen in spheno-occipital synchondroses of organ-cultured mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the expressions of SOX9 and type II collagen in spheno-occipital synchondrosis in response to quercetin, using a mouse in vitro model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 one-day-old male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. Each group was subdivided into five different time points, which were 6, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours, and each subgroup contained 5 mice (n  =  5). In the experimental group, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was immersed in the BGJb medium + quercetin dihydrate 1 µM. In the control group, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis was immersed in the BGJb medium. Tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for SOX9 and type II collagen expressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative analysis revealed there was a statistically significant increase of 32.31% (P < .001) in the expression of SOX9 between experimental groups and control groups at 24 hours. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant increase of 22.99% (P < .001) in the expression of type II collagen between experimental groups and control groups at 72 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expressions of SOX9 and type II collagen in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis can be increased by quercetin.
authors.affiliation: University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Veerawattanatigul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Apichart
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Bakr
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rabie
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000187:drug effects*; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000187:drug effects*; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024043:Collagen Type II; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D011794:Quercetin