title: Geosmin degradation by seasonal biofilm from a biological treatment facility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Initial geosmin degradation was closely related to water temperature and natural geosmin concentration of sampling environment. Here, for the first time, we evaluated the biodegradation of geosmin by microorganisms in biofilm from biological treatment unit of actual potable water treatment plant.
  
  
  METHODS
  At an initial geosmin concentration of 2,500 ng/l, efficient geosmin removal was confirmed throughout the year. Furthermore, in the presence of mixed musty odor compounds (geosmin and MIB) as carbon source, geosmin degradation was enhanced compared to sole carbon source (geosmin alone).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR-DGGE analysis revealed a rich community structure within the biofilm during rapid geosmin removal period, April. PCA revealed that the significant change in bacterial communities occurred from day 1 to day 2. Two novel geosmin-degrading bacteria were isolated from the biofilm of the biological treatment unit of Kasumigaura Water Purification, Waterworks Department, Japan. They belong to Methylobacterium sp. and Oxalobacteraceae bacterium, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies provide further insights into the unknown microbiological processes that occur during the biological removal of geosmin through water treatment and could facilitate the geosmin bioremediation in contaminated habitats.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Meena Kishore
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sakharkar
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhenya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001892:Camphanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D007564:Japan; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis; D020580:Methylobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009812:Odorants / Q000517:prevention & control; D042802:Oxalobacteraceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D009284:Naphthols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005536:2-methylisoborneol; C001278:geosmin