title: Feeling stuck in the present? Mania proneness and history associated with present-oriented time perspective.
abstract: Humans have the ability to mentally time travel through past, present, and future. But can a disruption in emotion characteristic of emotional disorders cause this ability to unwind, leaving people "stuck" in the present emotional moment? Two studies are presented that examine emotional time-perspective in a disorder (mania) characterized by present-oriented tendencies, including impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. In Study 1, associations were reported between mania proneness and emotion time-perspective (n = 509), and Study 2 compared emotion time-perspective between individuals with a clinical history of mania (n = 32), and controls (n = 30). We show that mania is associated with increased present and decreased future focus. These findings suggest that emotional disorders can be understood, at least in part, by examining how people understand and use time to guide their behavior and feelings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. june.gruber@yale.edu
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Tabitha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirkland
authors.forename: Aleena C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult