title: Colorectal anomalies in patients with classic bladder exstrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to determine the proportion and type of colorectal anomalies that occur in children born with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients in a database of 1044 patients with the bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex were reviewed. Those with CBE had their complete medical records reviewed. Children noted to have gastrointestinal malformations were identified, and all aspects of their history were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 676 patients were identified with CBE, of whom 12 patients were identified who had a concomitant colorectal anomaly. In this population, the proportion of colorectal anomalies is 1.8%. The most common gastrointestinal anomaly was imperforate anus in 8 patients. Two patients had severe rectal stenosis requiring serial dilations, and 2 patients were born with congenital rectal prolapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excluding all variants and cloacal patients with exstrophy, isolated colorectal anomalies occur at a rate of 1.8% in children born with CBE, a 72-fold increase compared with the general population. Although uncommon in this rare birth defect, the morbidity is significant and warrants prompt evaluation and treatment of both the genitourinary and colorectal anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. andrew.stec@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baradaran
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications*; D003106:Colon / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*