title: An inexpensive, easily constructed, reusable task trainer for simulating ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pericardiocentesis is a low-frequency, high-risk procedure integral to the practice of emergency medicine. Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis is the preferred technique for providing this critical intervention. Traditionally, emergency physicians learned pericardiocentesis in real time, at the bedside, on critically ill patients. Medical education is moving toward simulation for training and assessment of procedures such as pericardiocentesis because it allows learners to practice time-sensitive skills without risk to patient or learner. The retail market for models for pericardiocentesis practice is limited and expensive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis task trainer that allows the physician to insert a needle under ultrasound guidance, pierce the "pericardial sac" and aspirate "blood." Our model can be simply constructed in a home kitchen, and the overall preparation time is 1 h. Our model costs $20.00 (US, 2008). Materials needed for the construction include 16 ounces of plain gelatin, one large balloon, one golf ball, food coloring, non-stick cooking spray, one wooden cooking skewer, surgical iodine solution, and a 4-quart sized plastic food storage container. Refrigeration and a heat source for cooking are also required. Once prepared, the model is usable for 2 weeks at room temperature and may be preserved an additional week if refrigerated. When the model shows signs of wear, it can be easily remade, by simply recycling the existing materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The self-made model was well liked by training staff due to accessibility of a simulation model, and by learners of the technique as they felt more at ease performing pericardiocentesis on a live patient.
authors.affiliation: Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Herb
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zerth
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tommaso
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Girzadas
mesh_terms: D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D020519:Pericardiocentesis / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D013664:Teaching Materials; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional