title: Maturational timing does not predict HSA estimated adult bone geometry at the proximal femur.
abstract: Late maturational timing is documented to be detrimental to bone strength primarily at the distal radius. Studies at the proximal femur have focused on bone mass and the results remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the long term relationship between the onset of maturation and the development of estimated cross sectional area (CSA) and section modulus (Z) at the proximal femur. Two hundred and twenty six individuals (108 males and 118 females) from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS) were classified into maturity groups based on age of attainment of peak height velocity. CSA and Z were serially assessed at the narrow neck (NN), intertrochanter (IT) and proximal shaft (S) sites using hip structural analysis (HSA). Multilevel models were constructed to examine the development of CSA and Z by maturity group. Cross sectional observations indicated that during adolescence, early maturing males had significantly greater CSA and Z than late maturing males at all sites of the proximal femur, while early maturing females had greater Z at the NN and S, and greater CSA at the NN, IT and S sites compared to late maturing females. When age, body size, body composition, physical activity and dietary intake were controlled no significant effects of maturational timing were found at the NN, IT or S regions (p>0.05) in either males or females. In this population of healthy individuals there appears to be no effect of the onset of maturation on estimated CSA and Z development at the proximal femur in both males and females. This may be a result of the proximal femur's loading environment. Future research is required to determine the role of loading on the relationship between maturational timing and bone structure and strength development at the proximal femur.
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. stefan.jackowski@usask.ca
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jackowski
authors.forename: Saija A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kontulainen
authors.forename: David M L
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lanovaz
authors.forename: Adam D G
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Baxter-Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D006615:Hip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult