title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)--prevention of the birth of children affected with endocrine diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a reliable and accurate preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) method in six families with endocrine diseases: persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) salt-wasting form, Sanjat-Sakati syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN 2A).
  
  
  METHODS
  For each disease a battery of at least four informative markers surrounding the tested gene were identified and for each family a protocol of multiplex fluorescent markers was developed and performed on single cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGD for PHHI was performed in three families. In family 1 two healthy children were born from different cycles, in family 2 three healthy children were born from two cycles, and in family 3 a healthy boy was born. For CAH in one family a healthy girl was born. One PGD cycle for Sanjat-Sakati resulted in a clinical pregnancy that was terminated due to high nuccal translucency (46X0). For one family with MEN 2A disease, the eighth PGD cycle resulted in birth of healthy twins. In all children genetic confirmation of the healthy status was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGD is an effective method for preventing birth of affected children with endocrine disorders. Increasing the awareness of clinicians to the availability of these methods is most important.
authors.affiliation: Preimplantation Genetic Unit, Zohar PGD Lab, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. gheona@szmc.org.il
authors.forename: Gheona
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altarescu
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barenholz
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renbaum
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beeri
authors.forename: Ephrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy-Lahad
authors.forename: Ehud J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Margalioth
authors.forename: Baruch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Irit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Varshaver
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eldar-Geva
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D001848:Bone Diseases, Developmental / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D044903:Congenital Hyperinsulinism; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D018813:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D046768:Nesidioblastosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012640:Seizures / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers