title: [Genotyping and molecular marking of bacteria and viruses in epidemiological surveillance of actual infections].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determination of genetic and molecular features of pathogens circulating in Russia, in the northwest of the country and in St. Petersburg to resolve the problems of spread of diseases caused by these pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete and limited gene sequencing, DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, spoligotyping, VNTR-typing, resistotyping and other methods were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on population structure and dominant genotypes of tuberculosis mycobacteria, corynebacteria, helicobacteria, hepatitis A, B, C, human papilloma viruses circulating in Russia, in the northwest of the country and in St. Petersburg were obtained. Genetic divergence of rubella virus and poliovirus vaccine strains under mass vaccination conditions was detected. Evidence of higher effectiveness of pathogen genotyping methods in epidemiologic diagnostics compared with traditional epidemiological investigation was obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microorganism genotyping methods were helpful in resolving strategic problems of contemporary epidemiology. Perspectives of further development of these methods are related to obtaining data on circulating genotypes in all regions of the world, establishment of complete databases on circulating genotypes and integration of this methodology into daily diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zhebrun
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mukomolov
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Narvskaia
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005838:Genotype; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014780:Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*