title: Mammographic density and intake of selected nutrients and vitamins in Norwegian women.
abstract: Investigating the association between dietary factors and mammographic density (MD) could shed light on the relationship between diet and breast cancer risk. We took advantage of a national mammographic screening program to study the association between intake of nutrients and MD. In this study, we analyzed data of 2,252 postmenopausal women aged 50-69 yr who participated in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program in 2004. MD was assessed on digitized mammograms using a computer-assisted method. We used multivariate linear regression models to determine least square means of percent and absolute MD. Overall, we observed no associations between MD and intake of total calories, protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and dietary fiber. There was a positive borderline statistically significant association between absolute MD and total fat intake (P = 0.10) and between percent MD and intake of saturated fat (P = 0.06). There was no association between MD and intake of calcium, retinol, vitamins A, B12, C, or D, or combined intake of vitamin D and calcium. This study provides some evidence of an association between MD and dietary intake. Our study highlights the importance of adequate adjustments for BMI in studies of diet and MD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Samera Azeem
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.forename: Marit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hilsen
authors.forename: Solveig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofvind
authors.forename: Anna H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Giske
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ursin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D018977:Micronutrients