title: Structural and evolutionary basis for the dual substrate selectivity of human KDM4 histone demethylase family.
abstract: N(ε)-Methylations of histone lysine residues play critical roles in cell biology by "marking" chromatin for transcriptional activation or repression. Lysine demethylases reverse N(ε)-methylation in a sequence- and methylation-selective manner. The determinants of sequence selectivity for histone demethylases have been unclear. The human JMJD2 (KDM4) H3K9 and H3K36 demethylases can be divided into members that act on both H3K9 and H3K36 and H3K9 alone. Kinetic, crystallographic, and mutagenetic studies in vitro and in cells on KDM4A-E reveal that selectivity is determined by multiple interactions within the catalytic domain but outside the active site. Structurally informed phylogenetic analyses reveal that KDM4A-C orthologues exist in all genome-sequenced vertebrates with earlier animals containing only a single KDM4 enzyme. KDM4D orthologues only exist in eutherians (placental mammals) where they are conserved, including proposed substrate sequence-determining residues. The results will be useful for the identification of inhibitors for specific histone demethylases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hillringhaus
authors.affiliation: Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Wyatt W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nathan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stanley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gileadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loenarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom. Electronic address: christopher.schofield@chem.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.affiliation: Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; Botnar Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: udo.oppermann@sgc.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oppermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases