title: The effects of methylene blue on adhesion formation in a rat model of experimental peritonitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the effects of methylene blue (MB) on the early and late phases of adhesion and abscess formation in a standard colonic wall injury and fecal peritonitis model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were four groups: Group I (only laparotomy, n=10), Group II (peritonitis + MB, n=15), Group III (peritonitis + saline, n=15), and Group IV (colon incision + saline, n=15). Mortality, morbidity, adhesion scores, histopathologic analyses, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) levels, and tissue hydroxyproline (5-HP) levels were evaluated in all animals. Descriptive statistical methods were used with Kruskal-Wallis test. When a statistical difference was obtained between groups, Mann-Whitney U test was used to confirm the difference between two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adhesion scores of Groups I, III and IV were significantly higher than in Group II. TNF-? levels were significantly higher in Groups I, III and IV. 5-HP levels were significantly lower in Groups I and II compared to Groups III and IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, it appears that MB may prevent peritoneal adhesions in a peritonitis model, but wound healing could be impaired. MB should be further evaluated because of its dual effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa Uygar
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Kalaycı
authors.forename: Hasan Erol
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Eroğlu
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kubilay
authors.forename: Aliye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sancak
authors.forename: Ceyhan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uğurluoğlu
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Erçin
authors.forename: Yavuz Savaş
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Koca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003106:Colon / Q000293:injuries*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008751:Methylene Blue