title: Associated intra-articular ankle pathologies in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability: arthroscopic findings at the time of lateral ankle reconstruction.
abstract: Chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) can be a debilitating condition. The literature has shown that it is also associated with a number of intra-articular pathologies of the ankle. Some argue that if unaddressed, these intra-articular pathologies can predispose patients to osteoarthritis. Previous studies of patients who underwent prelateral stabilization ankle arthroscopy have shown a high number of pathologies, including osteochondral lesions of the talus.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study reviewed a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with CLAI who underwent ankle arthroscopy followed by a modified Brostrom-Gould procedure to validate the previous studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraoperative reports on 28 ankles in 28 consecutive patients were reviewed from 2004 to 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 28 ankles (100%) demonstrated varying degrees of synovitis. Talar cartilage fibrillation was observed in 7 patients (25%), and talar dome cartilage defect was visualized in 4 patients (14%). Talar dome osteochondral defect was seen in 2 patients (7%), loose bodies were found in 3 patients (11%), Bassett's lesion was seen in 2 patients (7%), and anterolateral impingement was seen in 4 patients (14%). Distal anterior tibial osteophytosis was seen in 4 patients (14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the high number of intra-articular pathologies in association with CLAI.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser San Francisco Bay Area Foot and Ankle Residency, Oakland, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007594:Joint Loose Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult