title: Hypermethylation of the CpG island spanning from exon II to intron III is associated with steroidogenic factor 1 expression in stromal cells of endometriosis.
abstract: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), a transcription factor, is essential for the activation of multiple steroidogenic genes for estrogen biosynthesis in endometriosis-derived stromal cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Unravel the mechanism for differential SF-1 expression in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified a novel CpG island in the SF-1 gene, which spans from exon II to intron III. We evaluated the methylation status of this CpG island.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eutopic endometrium from disease-free participants (n = 8) and the walls of cystic endometriosis lesions of the ovaries (n = 8). None of the patients had received any preoperative hormonal therapy. Stromal cells were isolated from these 2 types of tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SF-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in endometriotic stromal cells were significantly higher than those in endometrial stromal cells. Bisulfite sequencing showed strikingly increased methylation in endometriotic cells compared with endometrial cells (P < .001). A strong correlation between mRNA levels and percentage methylation of the exon II/intron III are observed. Specifically, the Pearson correlation coefficient was .98 (P < .001) for this association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that methylation of a coding exon/intron sequence in the SF-1 gene positively regulated its expression in endometriosis, whereas its hypomethylation in normal endometrium was associated with drastically lower SF-1 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Beijing University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Ying Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sai Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Serdar E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bulun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C515057:NR5A1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1