title: Kalopanaxsaponins A and B isolated from Kalopanax pictus ameliorate memory deficits in mice.
abstract: The stem-bark of Kalopanax pictus (KP, family Araliaceae), which contains triterpenoid saponins, has been shown to exhibit anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antirheumatoid and antidiabetic activities. In a preliminary study, a KP methanol extract demonstrated acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro and memory enhancement in scopolamine-treated mice. Therefore, we isolated acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, kalopanaxsaponins A and B, from a KP butanol (BuOH) fraction, measured acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro, and investigated their memory-enhancing effects in a passive avoidance test, Y-maze test and Morris water maze test. These constituents inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and significantly reversed scopolamine-induced deficits. They also increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding (p-CREB) protein expression but reduced TNF-α increased by scopolamine. Based on these findings, kalopanaxsaponins A and B may ameliorate memory deficits by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and inducing BDNF and p-CREB expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ha
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.forename: In-Ah
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D000440:Butanols; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D036882:Kalopanax / Q000737:chemistry*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000432:Methanol; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010766:Phosphorylation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D000440:Butanols; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D012503:Saponins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C460644:kalopanax saponin A; C064714:kalopanax saponin B; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D012601:Scopolamine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000432:Methanol