title: Beyond neurological disease: new targets for edaravone (Review).
abstract: Free radicals play major roles in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in many             diseases and clinical conditions, and the removal of free radicals may offer a             treatment option. Several modulators of free radical scavenger pathways have been             developed and some have progressed to clinical trials. One such agent, edaravone,             was approved in 2001 in Japan for the treatment of cerebral infarction. It has             since been shown that edaravone can diffuse into many organs and, in addition             to its effects on hydroxyl radical removal, edaravone modulates inflammatory processes,             matrix metalloproteinase levels, nitric oxide production, apoptotic cell death,             and necrotic cell death. Edaravone also exerts protective effects in a number             of animal models of disease and tissue damage, including models of myocardial,             lung, intestinal, liver, pancreatic and renal injury. Together with the proven             safety of edaravone following 9 years of use as a modulator of free radical scavenging             pathways in neurological disease, these additional effects of edaravone suggest             that it may offer a novel treatment for several non-neurological diseases and             clinical conditions in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Yame Public General Hospital, Yame                     834-0034, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Hisaaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uchikado
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Salunya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tancharoen
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Rokudai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Chiemi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Narumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiomi
authors.forename: Terukazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuramoto
authors.forename: Ko-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077553:Edaravone; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000077553:Edaravone; D000983:Antipyrine