title: Hypogonadism and subnormal total testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Gbagada General Hospital, Gbagada Lagos, Nigeria, from December 2009 to May 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 203 men with type 2 DM aged 30-86 years were evaluated for TDS by a combination of positive ADAM (androgen deficiency in the ageing male) scores and subnormal total testosterone levels. Mild testosterone deficiency referred to total testosterone (TT) levels of 8-12 nmol/L with symptoms of hypogonadism and severe testosterone deficiency referred to TT levels < 8 nmol/L with or without hypogonadal symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mild and severe TDS were present in 18.3% and 17% respectively of the study subjects. Commonly occurring clinical parameters of the TDS were erectile dysfunction and loss of libido, which were documented in 63% and 60% respectively in the study subjects. The majority of clinical features of the TDS were comparable in men with and without the TDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About a third of men with type 2 DM had the TDS. The majority of the symptoms of hypogonadism are largely non-specific and their occurrence is comparable in men with and without low testosterone levels; thus, underscoring the need to have testosterone levels determined in men presenting with such symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria. oogbera@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Okeoghene Anthonia
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ogbera
authors.forename: Chinenye
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sonny
authors.forename: Fasanmade
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olufemi
authors.forename: Ajala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007989:Libido; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone