title: [Role of associated alleles and hypomethylation status in the clinical expression of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy].
abstract: Autosomal dominant facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by contraction of the D4Z4 repeat region on 4q35. In addition, epigenetic modifying factors play a role in the complex pathomechanism of the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Introduction of a new diagnostic panel in Hungary for the extended molecular analysis of the disease which also provides new insights into the pathomechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, DNA samples of 185 clinically diagnosed FSHD patients and 71 asymptomatic relatives were analyzed by EcoRI and BlnI restriction digestion and Southern blot technique with probe p13-E11. Further investigations of the 4q35 alleles associated with the FSHD phenotype utilized qA and qB probes and a restriction analysis of the proximal D4Z4 unit by detecting a G/C SNP and the methylation status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the patients analyzed 115 had the D4Z4 repeat contraction, whereas from 71 asymptomatic family members five harbored the pathogenic fragment size. In eight families, prenatal testing had to be offered with an outcome of four affected fetuses. Methylation test was performed in 31 genetically confirmed FSHD patients and hypomethylation status was detected in all cases. All the 115 confirmed patients had 4qA alleles with the G polymorphism. Translocation events between 4q35 and the homologous 10q26 regions were also detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Molecular diagnosis of FSHD became a routine approach in Hungary thus supporting the work of the clinicians, improving quality of life and genetic counseling of the affected families. The provided results from this research suggest that FSHD is associated with complex epigenetic disease mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Országos Környezet-egészségügyi Intézet, Molekuláris Genetikai és Diagnosztikai Osztály, Budapest.
authors.forename: Henriett
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pikó
authors.forename: Mária Judit
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herczegfalvi
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karcagi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D020391:Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics