title: Nicardipine reverses vasoactivity associated with University of Wisconsin solution in the rat peripheral circulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rapid uniform delivery of University of Wisconsin solution (UW) to the microcirculation may be compromised by its vasoactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2 different rodent models, we tested whether UW-mediated vasoconstriction could be reversed with nicardipine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the perfused, splanchnic circulation, intravascular control solutions (lactated Ringers [LR], Hextend [HEX], histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate [HTK]) or UW (± nicardipine) evoked pressure changes in 3 protocols (series 1; n = 35). In the cremaster muscle, topical control solutions or UW (± nicardipine) evoked vascular responses measured by video microscopy in 4 protocols (series 2; n = 47). In series 1A, 37°C UW increased perfusion pressure, but there was no change caused by LR, HEX, or HTK. In series 1B, 4°C UW caused a similar, albeit transient, increase. In series 1C, nicardipine reversed 37°C UW-mediated vasoconstriction in a dose-related manner. In series 2A, UW caused a 30%-59% constriction that varied with arteriolar branching order. In series 2B, the recovery from UW-induced vasoconstriction varied with duration of exposure, but nicardipine fully reversed residual vasoconstriction. In series 2C, cold and warm UW were equipotent, near maximal, vasoconstrictors. In series 2D, UW potentiated no-reflow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UW causes a potent temperature-independent vasoconstriction by a calcium-mediated mechanism and this effect can be mitigated with nicardipine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. yraveh@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Raveh
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lubarsky
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Pretto
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Proctor
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D005978:Glutathione; D007328:Insulin; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D011887:Raffinose; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013696:Temperature; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000493:Allopurinol; D009529:Nicardipine; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose