title: Association of rib anomalies and childhood cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital anomalies have been found more often in children with cancer than in those without. Rib abnormalities (RAs) have been associated with childhood cancer; however, studies have differed in the type of RAs and cancers implicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rib abnormalities were assessed predominantly by X-ray in a hospital-based case-control study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the number of cases vs controls with RAs after controlling for age and sex, specifically for acute myelogenous leukaemia, renal tumours, and hepatoblastoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support previous reports that there is an association of rib anomalies with childhood cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zierhut
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murati
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoggard
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Spector
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009139:Musculoskeletal Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012272:Ribs / Q000002:abnormalities*