title: Medication therapy management in the primary care setting: a pharmacist-based pay-for-performance project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of medication therapy management on chronic disease management and generic drug prescribing in the clinic setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private insurer initiates Pay-for-Performance (PFP) project for clinic-based pharmacists in Iowa and South Dakota (n = 9 clinics) in 2009. Each pharmacist was assigned ∽300 patients with at least 1 of 4 disease states (diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and asthma). Pharmacists were expected to complete 2 medication reviews for each patient. The primary outcome was frequency of patients achieving goal levels: diabetes: hemoglobin A1c (A1c) <8%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) <130 mg/dL, and blood pressure (BP) <140/80 mm Hg; hypertension: BP <140/90 mm Hg; hyperlipidemia: LDL <130 mg/dL; and asthma: percentage of persistent asthmatics on controller medication. Generic prescribing rates were evaluated for antihypertensives, cholesterol-lowering agents, proton pump inhibitors, and antidepressants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 827 patients at 3 clinics were included in the analysis. For diabetes, 77.1% had A1c <8%, 83.2% had LDL <130 mg/dL, and 76.3% had BP <140/80 mm Hg. For hypertension, 86.2% had BP <140/90 mm Hg. For hyperlipidemia, 80.6% had LDL <130 mg/dL. For asthma, 100% were on controller medication. One medication review was completed on 88.8% of patients. Generic prescribing rates ranged from 65.8% to 79.4%. IMPLICATIONS/ADAPTABILITY: A high percentage of patients achieved goal levels at clinics with clinical pharmacist services. A multidisciplinary approach to patient care may improve disease state management and medication cost savings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Drake College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA. carrie.koenigsfeld@drake.edu
authors.forename: Carrie Foust
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Koenigsfeld
authors.forename: Kristin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Horning
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Logemann
authors.forename: Ginelle A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D007484:Iowa; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care / Q000191:economics; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology; D012052:Reimbursement, Incentive / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D013023:South Dakota; D055815:Young Adult