title: Association of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (-181A>G) polymorphism with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kashmir Valley.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Degradation of the basement membrane and extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is believed to be an essential step in the complicated process of hematogenous metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a small secreted proteolytic enzyme with a broad substrate specificity, and its expression has been shown to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis for various cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  To document the role of MMP-7 polymorphism in esophageal carcinogenesis, a case-control study was performed comprising 135 patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and 195 healthy controls. Genotyping was done by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Data were statistically analyzed using χ2 - test and logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carriers for the MMP-7 (-181A>G) GG were associated with an increased risk for EC [odds ratio (OR = 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-3.92; P = 0.010; P-trend = 0.04]. Also, in a recessive model, our results showed that MMP-7 (-181A>G) GG allele conferred significantly higher risk for EC (OR =2.16; 95% CI = 1.31-3.54; P = 0.003). The high risk due to MMP-7 (-181GG) genotype was limited to squamous cell histology of EC (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.27-4.56; P = 0.007). Although smoking (Hukka) and high consumption of salted tea are independent risk factors for EC, the interaction of MMP-7 (-181A>G) genotypes with these factors did not further modulate the risk of EC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our results show that MMP-7 (-181A>G) GG carriers are at a higher risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kashmir valley.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareilly Road, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Manzoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Kiran L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Showket A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zargar
authors.forename: Balraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C060932:MMP7 protein, human; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7