title: Determinants for inadequate glycaemic control in Chinese patients with mild-to-moderate type 2 diabetes on oral antidiabetic drugs alone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence of inadequate glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains high. We assessed glycaemic control in the real-life practice among people with T2DM in metropolises in China who were treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) alone and to determine factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational, cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted in 16 metropolitan medical centers. People with T2DM who had been followed-up before the index visit which occurred from January to September 2007 were included in the study. All subjects were ≥ 30 years of age at the time of T2DM diagnosis and had received monotherapy or combination therapy of OAD for at least 6 months. Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records. The main study outcome was the inadequate glucose control rate, which was calculated by the proportion of patients with haemoglobin A(1C) (HbA(1C)) ≥ 6.5% detected on the index visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this cohort of 455 patients with T2DM whose mean age was 60.6 years and mean disease duration was 6.1 years, 45.5% had inadequate glycaemic control. The mean (SD) HbA(1C) was 6.7% (1.3). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that physical inactivity, disease duration > 10 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m(2), low homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) index, less frequency of medical visit and hypertriglyceridaemia were independent determinants of inadequate glycaemic control. Higher incidence of self-reported hypoglycemia experience (47.1% vs. 34.8%, P = 0.008) and more fear of hypoglycemia quantified by Worry subscale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey (HFS) II were happened in subjects with good glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately one half of these outpatients with T2DM from the metropolitan medical centers in China had inadequate glycaemic control treated with OAD alone, which raises the need for more effective educational and therapeutic approaches on management of hypertriglycemia, enhancing physical exercise and weight control, and at the same time, lowering the hypoglycemic risk and diminishing the hypoglycemic fear of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zong-Cun
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Li-Nong
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents