title: Diagnosing adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in patients with cocaine dependence: discriminant validity of Barkley executive dysfunction symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of cocaine-dependent patients, and to examine the discriminant validity of the Barkley's executive dysfunction scale in differentiating cocaine-dependent patients with and without ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 166 cocaine-dependent subjects were assessed. The assessment instruments included: Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID), Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV) and 9 items from Current Behavior Scale Self-Report by Russell A. Barkley.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14.5% (CI95%: 9.2-19.8%) prevalence of ADHD was observed in our sample. The Barkley's executive dysfunction items showed statistically significant differences between cocaine-dependent patients with ADHD and those patients without ADHD diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study data support Barkley's model - which posits the relevance of executive dysfunction among ADHD patients within a sample of cocaine dependents, and provides evidence of the discriminant validity of the Current Behavior Scale Self-Report for identifying ADHD symptoms in cocaine users.
authors.affiliation: Fundación Andaluza para la Atención a las Drogodependencias, FADAIS, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vergara-Moragues
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González-Saiz
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lozano Rojas
authors.forename: Izaskun
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bilbao Acedos
authors.forename: Fermín
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández Calderón
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Betanzos Espinosa
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verdejo García
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez García
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D056344:Executive Function / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D057566:Self Report