title: Long term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy in non-ambulatory NYHA IV heart failure patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed at evaluating the long-term effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in nonambulatory New York Heart Association (NYHA) IV heart failure patients (NAIVHFP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients, 15 men and three women, eight with ischemic and 10 with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, who underwent biventricular pacemaker implantation while they were in nonambulatory NYHA IV class, were studied. Patients' age was 58 ± 9 years and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 18 ± 3%. Follow-up data were obtained through review of follow-up visits notes, stored echocardiographic studies, device interrogation data, and death certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean duration of 1223 ± 846 days, 11 patients were alive, including five patients who underwent heart transplantation (OCT) and seven dead. Three of 11 patients who received a CRT-defibrillator, experienced at least one appropriate discharge, but eventually they either died or received an OCT during follow-up. Sustained improvements in NYHA class (Z = 2.4, P = 0.015) and 6-minute walk distance (0 vs 212 ± 95 m, P 0.001) were documented after a median duration of 855 days postimplantation. Cumulative proportion of death or OCT at 18 months-when full follow-up data were available-was 18%, which compared favorably with historical controls. Full echocardiographic and clinical follow-up data at 12-months postimplantation were available for 10 patients, documenting a significant reduction in end-systolic volume (248 ± 82 vs 269 ± 97 mL, P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRT can be safely applied in this subset of extreme severity heart failure patients, achieving encouraging survival rates and reverse remodeling effects. These observations can form an evidence-based rationale for including NAIVHFP in randomized CRT trials.
authors.affiliation: Henry Dynant Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodorakis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsikis
authors.forename: Efthimios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Livanis
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostopoulou
authors.forename: Stamatis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adamopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsiapras
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voudris
mesh_terms: D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome