title: A nucleolar protein, H19 opposite tumor suppressor (HOTS), is a tumor growth inhibitor encoded by a human imprinted H19 antisense transcript.
abstract: The H19 gene, which localizes within a chromosomal region on human chromosome 11p15 that is commonly lost in Wilms tumor (WT), encodes an imprinted untranslated RNA. However, the biological significance of the H19 noncoding transcript remains unresolved because replacement of the RNA transcript with a neocassette has no obvious phenotypic effect. Here we show that the human H19 locus also encodes a maternally expressed, translated gene, antisense to the known H19 transcript, which is conserved in primates. This gene, termed HOTS for H19 opposite tumor suppressor, encodes a protein that localizes to the nucleus and nucleolus and that interacts with the human enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) protein. WTs that show loss of heterozygosity of 11p15 or loss of imprinting of IGF2 also silence HOTS (7/7 and 10/10, respectively). Overexpression of HOTS inhibits Wilms, rhabdoid, rhabdomyosarcoma, and choriocarcinoma tumor cell growth, and silencing HOTS by RNAi increases in vitro colony formation and in vivo tumor growth. These results demonstrate that the human H19 locus harbors an imprinted gene encoding a tumor suppressor protein within the long-sought WT2 locus.
authors.affiliation: Center for Epigenetics and Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Onyango
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Feinberg
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D016373:DNA, Antisense; C484495:ERH protein, human; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; C568299:HOTS protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins