title: Adaptive planning using megavoltage fan-beam CT for radiation therapy with testicular shielding.
abstract: This study highlights the use of adaptive planning to accommodate testicular shielding in helical tomotherapy for malignancies of the proximal thigh. Two cases of young men with large soft tissue sarcomas of the proximal thigh are presented. After multidisciplinary evaluation, preoperative radiation therapy was recommended. Both patients were referred for sperm banking and lead shields were used to minimize testicular dose during radiation therapy. To minimize imaging artifacts, kilovoltage CT (kVCT) treatment planning was conducted without shielding. Generous hypothetical contours were generated on each "planning scan" to estimate the location of the lead shield and generate a directionally blocked helical tomotherapy plan. To ensure the accuracy of each plan, megavoltage fan-beam CT (MVCT) scans were obtained at the first treatment and adaptive planning was performed to account for lead shield placement. Two important regions of interest in these cases were femurs and femoral heads. During adaptive planning for the first patient, it was observed that the virtual lead shield contour on kVCT planning images was significantly larger than the actual lead shield used for treatment. However, for the second patient, it was noted that the size of the virtual lead shield contoured on the kVCT image was significantly smaller than the actual shield size. Thus, new adaptive plans based on MVCT images were generated and used for treatment. The planning target volume was underdosed up to 2% and had higher maximum doses without adaptive planning. In conclusion, the treatment of the upper thigh, particularly in young men, presents several clinical challenges, including preservation of gonadal function. In such circumstances, adaptive planning using MVCT can ensure accurate dose delivery even in the presence of high-density testicular shields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.forename: Ranjini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tolakanahalli
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramasubramanian
authors.forename: Bhudatt R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead; D008297:Male; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013848:Thigh; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007854:Lead