title: A survey on Dictyocaulus viviparus antibodies in bulk milk of dairy herds in Northern Germany.
abstract: Parasitic bronchitis caused by the bovine lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, occurs worldwide in temperate areas. The parasite is found predominantly in calves and heifers, but dairy cattle can suffer from lungworms when they become infected for the first time or if they have lost immunity due to lack of exposure to lungworm larvae during the grazing season. The present study was performed to determine the D. viviparus bulk milk antibody prevalence in dairy herds in the East Frisian region of northwestern Germany, Lower Saxony, by analysing bulk milk samples collected in January (860 samples), September (866 samples) and November (860 samples) 2008, thereby representing 906 dairy farms. These samples were tested for antibodies against D. viviparus by a milk ELISA. This test detects patent infections only since it is based on recombinant major sperm protein as antigen. While in January 12.8% of dairy farms were positive for D. viviparus antibodies, the bulk milk samples collected in September and November revealed 6.9% and 6.6% positive dairy herds. From the 906 dairy farms included in the study, 191 (21.1%) tested positive at least once for antibodies against lungworm. From 810 dairy farms from which bulk milk samples were obtained during all three samplings, 146 (18.0%) farms were positive at one sampling date, 27 (3.3%) at two, and 4 (0.5%) on all three sampling dates. The majority of the farms represented in the study belonged to four districts of East Frisia, which showed no significant difference in the proportion of positive dairy farms.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Klewer
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schnieder
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strube
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D003612:Dairying; D004021:Dictyocaulus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004022:Dictyocaulus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth