title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis and colon preparation for colorectal surgery: Results of a questionnaire survey of 721 certified institutions in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) can reduce the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) in gastroenterological surgery; however, in Japan its use was not fully recognized before 2000. The first nationwide guideline was published in 2001, since when the use of AMP has improved gradually. We conducted this study to investigate the current implementation of AMP in colorectal surgery and adherence to recommended practices for preventing SSI in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was sent to hospitals accredited by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery and the Japan Society for Surgical Infection (JSSI). The questionnaire focused on the AMP regimen used for colorectal surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 721 (58%) of the 1249 hospitals that were sent the survey. The initial AMP dose was administered within 1 h before incision at 94% of the responding institutions. AMP was discontinued within 24 h of surgery at only 10% of institutions. Second-generation cephalosporins were administered at 84% of the institutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The appropriate use of AMP in colorectal surgery is incomplete in certified institutions in Japan. The fact that many institutions administer AMP for longer than recommended is a problem that needs to be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Committee for Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Japan Society for Surgical Infection, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takesue
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumiyama
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002400:Cathartics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002568:Certification; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000592:standards*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002400:Cathartics; D002511:Cephalosporins