title: Smoking, smoking cessation and smoking relapse patterns: a web-based survey of current and former smokers in the US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to characterise the natural course of smoking cessation behaviour in a web-based survey of current and former cigarette smokers (CS and FS) in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A web-based survey of CS and FS was conducted in April 2009; demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and smoking history (including the number of lifetime and length of latest quit attempts, aids used and time to relapse) were collated. The surveyed cohort was selected from prescreened CS and FS panellists and matched for age, race and education, to be representative of the US population. Descriptive statistics and time-to-event analyses using Kaplan-Meier curves were applied in the analysis of this report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final cohort comprised 512 CS and 566 FS (n = 1078). A larger proportion of FS than CS reported a longest smoke-free period of > 1 year (78.8% vs. 22.4%, respectively). As a greater variety of smoking cessation products became available over time, the proportion of unassisted quit attempts decreased from 76.1% prior to 1983 to 43.9% after 2006 for CS and from 79.3% to 50.3% for FS. The cumulative proportion of subjects relapsing was 31.3% by 1 week and 79.3% by 6 months. The estimated median time to next quit attempt was approximately 360 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm that relapse is common and that as the variety of cessation modalities increase, the proportion of unassisted quit attempts decreases. Self-help or cold-turkey methods still provide significant alternatives even when pharmacotherapy is available. This study provides data related to the smoking history and smoking cessation patterns of a large, nationally representative sample of CS and FS.
authors.affiliation: United BioSource Corporation, Dorval, QC, Canada. Karen.Yeomans@unitedbiosource.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yeomans
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Merikle
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Proskorovsky
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Willke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult