title: Comparison of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hospital and community-based Japanese patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lifestyle factors, such as an unbalanced diet and lack of physical activity, may affect the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the MetS prevalence between inpatients and outpatients among schizophrenic population in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited inpatients (n = 759) and outpatients (n = 427) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder from 7 psychiatric hospitals using a cross-sectional design. MetS prevalence was assessed using three different definitions, including the adapted National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III-A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall MetS prevalences based on the ATP III-A definition were 15.8% in inpatients and 48.1% in outpatients. In a logistic regression model with age and body mass index as covariates, being a schizophrenic outpatient, compared to being a schizophrenic inpatient, was a significant independent factor (odds ratio = 3.66 for males, 2.48 for females) in the development of MetS under the ATP III-A definition. The difference in MetS prevalence between inpatients and outpatients was observed for all age groups in males and for females over 40 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Japan had a high prevalence of MetS compared to inpatients. MetS in schizophrenic outpatients should be carefully monitored to minimize the risks. A change of lifestyle might improve MetS in schizophrenic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hirosaki-Aiseikai Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan. nsuga3@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui-Furukori
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Hakuei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hanako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukori
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko