title: Medial rectus recession after vertical rectus transposition in patients with esotropic Duane syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe preoperative characteristics and postoperative results among patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent vertical rectus transposition with vs without subsequent medial rectus recession (MRR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records were compared of patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent vertical rectus transposition with (study group) vs without (control group) subsequent MRR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three study group members and 26 control group members were identified. Preoperative characteristics that differed between groups were the mean (SD) primary position deviation (20 [7] prism diopters of esotropia [ΔET] for the study group vs 15 [9] ΔET for the control group, P = .002) and the mean (SD) adduction deviation (1.4 [4.0] ΔET for the study group vs 2.5 [4.0] Δ exotropia for the control group, P = .04). Forced duction testing (FDT) revealed greater restriction to abduction (17 [7]° for the study group vs 23 [6]° for the control group, P = .002). After vertical rectus transposition, study group members had significantly greater mean (SD) ET (16 [7] ΔET vs 0.4 [0.6] ΔET for the control group, P < .001) and torticollis (10 [4]° vs 1 [5]° for the control group, P < .001) and significantly less mean (SD) abduction (-3.0 [-0.6] vs -2.0 [-0.7] for the control group, P = .20). After MRR, no significant difference was observed between groups in primary position deviation, but the study group had significantly less mean (SD) adduction (-1.0 [-0.8] vs -0.4 [-0.6] for the control group, P < .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk factors for requiring MRR after vertical rectus transposition include greater ET in the primary position and in the adducting field of gaze, as well as greater restriction to abduction on intraoperative FDT. Postoperative results of patients who required MRR were similar to those of patients who did not require MRR.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7002, USA.
authors.forename: Stacy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pineles
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kekunnaya
authors.forename: Federico G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Velez
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013709:Tendon Transfer; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology