title: Developing Drosophila suzukii management programs for sweet cherry in the western United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a newly introduced pest of sweet cherry on the west coast of North America which produces about 97% of the value of the US sweet cherry crop. D. suzukii initially caused considerable economic loss to cherry growers, who were unaware of this new pest. Little control information was available at the time of initial infestation. Pest control studies were initiated to examine the materials, timings and application methods to control D. suzukii in three major cherry-producing states (California, Oregon and Washington).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three classes of registered insecticides, organophosphates, pyrethroids and spinosyns, have demonstrated good topical or residual activity against D. suzukii. Neonicotinoids and the systemic organophosphate dimethoate appear to be able to kill eggs or larvae in fruit. Preliminary timing studies indicate that at least two preharvest insecticide sprays are required to obtain control of D. suzukii in California cherry orchards. Aerially applied malathion ULV (ultra-low volume) appears to be a viable control tactic for this pest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented here form the basis for developing D. suzukii management programs in the western United States. Additional studies are needed to refine management practices for the different growing regions and conventional versus organic production requirements. Cherry growers will likely need to apply broad-spectrum insecticides in a prophylactic manner until treatment thresholds and monitoring methods have been developed and validated.
authors.affiliation: Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA. ebeers@wsu.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Beers
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Steenwyk
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001393:Azoles; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D004117:Dimethoate; D004330:Drosophila; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides; D008294:Malathion; D008297:Male; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010063:Ovum; D019601:Pacific States; D027861:Prunus; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D001393:Azoles; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; D008294:Malathion; D004117:Dimethoate