title: Mitochondrial DNA copy number and hnRNP A2/B1 protein: biomarkers for direct exposure of benzene.
abstract: The present study was performed to identify biomarkers for exposure of benzene in blood cells and hematopoietic tissues. Peripheral mononuclear cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and leukemia cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 media with the addition of 0, 1, and 10 mM of benzene. Hydrogen peroxide was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured using MitoTracker Green/Red probes, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) technology were performed to identify protein markers. The mitochondrial contents and membrane potentials were dramatically increased after three weeks of direct benzene exposure. The hydrogen peroxide level increased significantly after two weeks of treatment with benzene (4.4 ± 1.9 µM/mg protein) compared to the non-benzene treatment group (1.2 ± 1.0; p = 0.001). The mtDNA copy number gradually increased after exposure to benzene. Numerous protein markers showed significant aberrant expression after exposure to benzene. Among them, the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 was markedly decreased after exposure to benzene. Thus, increased mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, and the hnRNP A2/B1 protein were biomarkers for benzene-related toxicity and hematotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
authors.forename: Ha-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.forename: Hye-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwan-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong-Kyun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hee-Jo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Jae-Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jai Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jong-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Soon-Pal
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ryang
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kook
authors.forename: Myung-Geun
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D034481:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D034481:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B; C439768:hnRNP A2; D001554:Benzene