title: Effect of sight barriers in pens of breeding ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) II. Reproductive parameters.
abstract: 1. The effects of sight barriers in the pens of breeding ring-necked pheasants were investigated on a commercial game farm over a 10-week laying season. 2. Reproductive performance was recorded as egg production, numbers of eggs rejected for hatching together with measures of fertility, embryonic mortality and hatchability for 11 pens with barriers and 11 pens that were left open and acted as controls. 3. Egg production per pen and the numbers of rejected eggs were not significantly affected by the presence of the barriers. 4. Fertility was significantly higher and persisted for longer in the barrier pens, particularly towards the end of the laying season. 5. Embryonic mortality was unaffected by the presence of the barriers but hatchability was significantly lower in the open pens, which was associated with lower levels of fertility. 6. Establishing sight barriers in breeder pens for commercial pheasants would appear not only to offer improved welfare but also significant commercial advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK. cdeeming@lincoln.ac.uk
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Deeming
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D047108:Embryonic Development; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D046094:Galliformes / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction; D012621:Seasons