title: The European Adolescent Assessment Dialogue (EuroADAD): a psychometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis (ADAD) has been a gold standard for assessing drug use and associated problems in adolescents. Criticism of the instrument has been increasing. A new instrument, the European Adolescent Assessment Dialogue (EuroADAD) that builds on ADAD's strengths but seeks to address its limitations is now available, but has not been subjected to comprehensive psychometric evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychometric properties of the EuroADAD across various settings in adolescent populations who developed or were at a high risk of developing substance use and psychosocial adaptation problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three of the samples were collected in Hungary, including: institutionalized youths from juvenile residential facility (n = 295); adolescents from outpatient psychiatry facility (n = 278), and controls (n = 59). An additional sample was collected in the Netherlands, and consisted of adolescent boys from an independent residential institution for youth with severe behavioral problems (n = 51).
  
  
  METHODS
  The EuroADAD was administered by trained interviewers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and self-report questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reliability: the intraclass correlation was high for all domains of the EuroADAD; reliability analyses indicated good test-retest reliability, and internal consistency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  difference among study samples was significant (p < 0.05) for the majority of the domains, with juvenile institution and psychiatric outpatient subjects exhibiting higher severity in most areas compared to controls. The Hungarian and Dutch samples were comparable, expect for the legal domain, due to the higher severity of behavioral problems in the Dutch sample. Several domains of the instrument, including 'alcohol', 'drugs' and 'legal' showed an association with trait aggression as measured by the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and with Novelty Seeking on the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the pattern and significance of group differences, and correlations with other measures, the scale has good criterion, and convergent and discriminant construct validity. The EuroADAD is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of alcohol and drug use, and related psychosocial problems in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czobor
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bácskai
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: Marie-Jeanne
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haack
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerevich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000296:Adolescent Psychiatry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult