title: Reduction in IL-10 producing B cells (Breg) in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by a reduced naïve/memory Breg ratio during a relapse but not in remission.
abstract: In this study, we assessed B cell subsets, including Bregs, during stable and active disease in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and related B cell subsets to vitamin D status. We report that RRMS patients have a decreased percentage of both memory B cells and Bregs compared to healthy controls. During a relapse, the reduction in Bregs involved in particular naïve Bregs. We found no correlation between vitamin D status and B cell subsets. An effect of vitamin D on Bregs cannot be ruled out, since it might be the function that is interfered with instead of relative numbers.
authors.affiliation: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht,The Netherlands. S.Knippenberg@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knippenberg
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peelen
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolders
authors.forename: Mariëlle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thewissen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menheere
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cohen Tervaert
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hupperts
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Damoiseaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D060151:B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000276:immunology*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D016753:Interleukin-10; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D