title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 serum levels and 4G/5G gene polymorphism in morbidly obese Hispanic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) has been implicated in the regulation of fibrinolysis and extracellular matrix components. The single base pair guanine insertion/deletion polymorphism (4G/5G) within the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene influences PAI-1 synthesis and may modulate hepatic fibrogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of PAI-1 serum levels and 4G/5G polymorphism on the risk of liver fibrosis associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in morbidly obese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study of 50 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 71 non-obese subjects matched by age and sex. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed, including PAI-1 serum levels. Genomic DNA was obtained to assess the presence of 4G/5G polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI, insulinemia, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, hypertension and diabetes were significantly higher in obese patients compared to control subjects. PAI-1 serum levels observed in obese patients were significantly lower (10.63 ± 4.82) compared to controls (14.26 ± 11.4; p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the PAI-1 4G/5G promoter genotypes frequencies (p = 0.12). No differences were observed in PAI-1 plasma levels among obese patients with liver fibrosis (10.64 ± 4.35) compared to patients without liver fibrosis (10.61 ± 5.2; p = 0.985). PAI-1 4G/5G promoter genotypes frequencies were similar in patients with or without liver fibrosis associated to NASH (p = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morbidly obese patients had significantly lower PAI-1 serum levels with similar PAI-1 4G/5G genotypes frequencies compared to non-obese subjects. The frequency of 4G/5G genotypes in Chilean Hispanic healthy subjects was similar to that described in other populations. No association was found between PAI-1 serum levels or 4G/5G genotype with liver fibrosis in obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espino
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villagrán
authors.forename: Valeska
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vollrath
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanckes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farah
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Solís
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pizarro
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Escalona
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boza
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Oslando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Miquel
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nervi
authors.forename: Norberto C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Chavez-Tapia
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Arab
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Lobos
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arrese
authors.forename: Arnoldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riquelme
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human