title: Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and risk behaviors in parturient women aged 15 to 24 in Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection having repercussions on reproductive health and impact on the foetus. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for CT in young parturient women in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national cross-sectional study of parturient women, aged 15 to 24 years, attending Brazilian public hospitals was performed in 2009. Participants answered a questionnaire including demographic, behavioral, and clinical data. A sample of urine was collected and screened for CT and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), using polymerase chain reaction COBAS Amplicor CT/NG (Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, NJ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2400 women were selected and 2071 (86.3%) participated in the study. Mean age was 20.2 years (standard deviation = 2.7). Prevalence rates of CT and NG were 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.5-11.1) and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.4%), respectively. Four percent of women infected with CT also had NG infection. CT associated factors were: being younger (15-19 years old) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.15-2.17]); first sexual intercourse before 15 years of age (OR = 1.4 [95% CI: 1.04-6.24]); having more than 1 sexual partner in lifetime (OR = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.13-2.26]); Pap smear screening more than 1 year (OR = 1.5 [95% CI: 1.08-2.05]); and NG infection (OR = 7.6 [95% CI: 3.05-19.08]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a high prevalence of CT infection among young pregnant women in Brazil. We suggest that CT screening should be included as part of antenatal care routine in this group in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de DST/AIDS e hepatites virais, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir Monteiro
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Célia Landmann
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Szwarcwald
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: Lorenzo Lyrio
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Stringari
authors.forename: Lilian Amaral
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Inocêncio
authors.forename: Angélica Espinosa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000502:physiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult