title: Molecular and functional characterization of glycogen synthase in the porcine satellite cells under insulin treatment.
abstract: Glycogen synthase (GS) catalyzes the key step of glycogen synthesis and plays an important role in glycogen metabolism in liver and muscle. In this study, we cloned the cDNA and promoter sequences of porcine glycogen synthesis genes (GYS1 and GYS2). Expression analysis revealed that porcine GYS1 was highly expressed in the skeletal muscle and heart. GYS2 was expressed specifically in liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The expression level of GYS1 was up-regulated from proliferation to differentiation in the porcine satellite cells, and insulin did not significantly affect the transcription of GYS1. Insulin stimulated 72-h-differentiated satellite cells as indicated by decrease in phosphorylation of GS, but did not affect GYS1 transcription and total GS protein level, suggesting that the effect of insulin is primarily mediated via posttranscriptional control rather than regulated at the transcriptional level. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the promoter and cDNA sequences of porcine GYS1. Association analyses revealed that the GYS1 Hin6I and MvaI polymorphisms both had significant associations (P < 0.05) with pH of M. longissimus dorsi (pHLD), M. biceps femoris (pHBF) and M. semipinalis capitis (pHSC) at 45 min postmortem. These results provide useful information for further investigation on the function of glycogen synthase in porcine skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuanzhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Minggang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Zhuqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Dequan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000201:enzymology; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D006006:Glycogen Synthase