title: Specific serum antibody responses following a Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis co-infection in swine.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of parasite specific antibody development in Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii co-infections in pigs and to compare these with antibody dynamics in T. spiralis and T. gondii single infections. In this experiment, fifty-four pigs were divided into five inoculated groups of ten animals, and one control group of four animals. Two groups were inoculated with a single dose of either T. gondii tissue cysts or T. spiralis muscle larvae, one group was inoculated simultaneously with both parasites and two groups were successively inoculated at an interval of four weeks. Specific IgG responses to the parasites were measured by ELISA. T. gondii burden was determined by MC-PCR carried out on heart muscle and T. spiralis burden by artificial digestion of diaphragm samples. Specific IgG responses to T. gondii and T. spiralis in single and simultaneously inoculated animals showed a respective T. gondii and T. spiralis inoculation effect but no significant interaction of these parasites to the development of specific antibodies with the serum dilutions used. Moreover, our data showed that the specific IgG response levels in groups of animals successively or simultaneously co-infected were independent of a respective previous or simultaneous infection with the other parasite. Additionally, no differences in parasite burden were found within groups inoculated with T. gondii and within groups inoculated with T. spiralis. Conclusively, for the infection doses tested in this experiment, the dynamics of specific antibody development does not differ between single and simultaneous or successive infection with T. gondii and T. spiralis. However, lower parasitic doses and other ratios of doses, like low-low, low-high and high-low of T. gondii and T. spiralis in co-infection, in combination with other time intervals between successive infections may have different outcomes and should therefore be studied in further detail.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. G.C.A.M.Bokken@uu.nl
authors.forename: G C A M
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bokken
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Eerden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opsteegh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Augustijn
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Graat
authors.forename: F F J
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Görlich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buschtöns
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tenter
authors.forename: J W B
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Giessen
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bergwerff
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Knapen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000276:immunology*; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000276:immunology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan