title: The phenotypic radiation resistance of CD44+/CD24(-or low) breast cancer cells is mediated through the enhanced activation of ATM signaling.
abstract: Cancer initiating cells (CIC) are stem-like cells. CIC may contribute not only to the initiation of cancer but also to cancer recurrence because of the resistance of CIC both to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. From the MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines and primary culture of patient breast cancer cells, we isolated by flow cytometry a CIC subset of cells with the CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) phenotype. The CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) subset showed increased sphere formation and resistance to radiation compared to the non- CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) subset. The increased radiation resistance was not dependent on the result of altered non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair activity as both NHEJ activity and expression of the various proteins involved in NHEJ were not significantly different between the CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) and non- CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) subsets. However, activation of ATM signaling was significantly increased in CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) cells compared to non- CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) cells in both from breast cancer cell lines and primary human breast cancer cells. Application of an ATM inhibitor effectively decreased the radiation resistance of CD44(+)/CD24(-or low) subset, suggesting that targeting ATM signaling may provide a new tool to eradicate stem-like CIC and abolish the radiation resistance of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America. hyin@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051927:CD24 Antigen; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; C121766:MRE11 protein, human; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein