title: Immune dysfunction and liver damage of mice following exposure to lanthanoids.
abstract: In an effort to investigate the effects of exposure to lanthanoids (Ln) on the immune response and liver function, mice were orally exposed to LaCl3 , CeCl3 , and NdCl3 at 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg doses for 30 days, respectively; lymphocyte counts, serum IgM level, hematological indices, biochemical parameters of liver functions, and histopathological changes in Ln(3+) -treated mice were assessed. Indeed, 20 mg/kg Ln(3+) significantly inhibited mice growth and reduced the counts of white blood cells, platelets, and reticulocyte in mice blood. Specifically, in these Ln(3+) -treated mice, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and NK cells, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio as well as serum IgM level were decreased. Furthermore, liver function was disrupted, as evidenced by the increased alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total bile acid and triglycerides, and the decreased glucose and ratio of albumin to globulin. The cytoarchitecture damage and fatty degeneration in liver caused by Ln(3+) at 20 mg/kg dose were also observed. Our findings showed that exposure to Ln affected the cell and humoral immunity and disturbed liver function in mice. In addition, Ce(3+) was found to exhibit higher toxicity than La(3+) and Nd(3+).
authors.affiliation: Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Renping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Suxing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Xuezi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fashui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements