title: Physical activity, gender, weight status, and wellbeing in 9- to 11-year-old children: a cross sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and wellbeing in children, and to further explore the extent to which this may vary by gender and weight status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 1424 9- to 11-year-olds completed a self-report measure of physical activity, the Child Health and Illness Profile, KIDSCREEN, and a self-esteem scale. Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements were also obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24% of children achieved the recommended level of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) per day, with more boys than girls achieving this level. Children achieving the recommended level of MVPA scored significantly higher on measures of the Child Health and Illness Profile (F(5, 1354) = 5.03; P < .001), KIDSCREEN (F(3, 1298) = 4.68; P = .003), and self-esteem (F(1, 1271) = 18.73; P = .003) than less active children although the effect sizes were small (ηp2 ≈ .01). Substantial gender differences in wellbeing were found reflecting gender specific behaviors and socialization. Weight status had negligible influence on wellbeing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children who meet the recommended guidelines of MVPA were more likely to have better wellbeing. When attempting to raise children's physical activity levels consideration should be given to the specific relationships between wellbeing and physical activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Sports Studies, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gossrau-Breen
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McCay
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Donncha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanna
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological