title: Retrospective evaluation of donor pain and pain management after laprascopic nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate donor pain and pain management beginning immediately postoperatively until hospital discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  All kidney donors were included from 2008 and 2009. Demographic data, operative data, pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit, and visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores were collected for each patient. Standardization for comparison was made by converting doses to intravenous morphine equivalents (ME).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five patients were identified as donors, all of which underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy. Daily analgesic requirement was significantly reduced from postoperative day 1 to postoperative day 2 (42.2 mg ME versus 19.7 mg ME, P < .0001). The use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) did not demonstrate improved pain management with similar VAS scores for users and nonusers on the day of operation (5.4 vs 5.6, P = .87), postoperative day 1 (4.9 vs 5.4, P = .5), and postoperative day 2 (4.7 vs 4.5, P = .65), respectively. Even though similar VAS scores were found for PCA users and nonusers, PCA users had significantly higher opioid use on the day of operation (P = .007) and postoperative day 1 (P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average VAS score on the day of operation was 5.5, with patients experiencing a significant reduction in VAS score on postoperative day 1. PCA delivery did not provide any additional benefit in pain relief in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: James L Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004, USA. Elizabeth.Gorevski@uc.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorevski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wead
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tevar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Succop
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin-Boone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics