title: Effectiveness of the bond established between ceramic inlays and dentin using different luting protocols.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ceramic-to-dentin bond following luting with light- and dual-curing resin composites using different adhesive techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dentin surfaces from 160 human molars were ground flat and randomly divided into eight groups (n = 20). Vita Mark II ceramic disks measuring 2 and 4 mm in thickness were bonded to the dentin with one of the following luting systems: Syntac/Tetric Ceram (ST), Syntac/Variolink II (SV), OptiBond Solo Plus/ Prodigy (OP), OptiBond Solo Plus/Nexus 2 (ON). Two different irradiation times (60 s, 120 s) were used per luting system, each without (-PC) and with (+PC) precuring the respective adhesive layer. After storage in water for 24 h at 37°C, the bonded specimens were sectioned perpendicularly to the adhesive interface into 1-mm-thick sticks. Three sticks per specimen were loaded to failure under tension in the Zwicki 1120. Failure analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-way ANOVA showed that the ceramic thickness, the type of luting system used, and the adhesive precuring had a significant effect on the microtensile bond strength. The longer irradiation times did not significantly increase the bond strength. The highest values were recorded with SV/+PC (27.9 ± 4.3 MPa) and the lowest with ST/-PC (10.2 ± 3.5 MPa). Under the SEM, failed specimens that had not been precured showed significantly more exposed dentin than those which had been precured (chi-square test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The precuring step of light-curing bonding systems and the use of dual-curing luting composites were shown to optimize the dentin bond under thick ceramic layers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. andreas.rathke@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rathke
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hokenmaier
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muche
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haller
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; D058567:Photoinitiators, Dental; D019279:Resin Cements; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D058567:Photoinitiators, Dental; D019279:Resin Cements; C082340:Vita Mark II; D003776:Dental Porcelain