title: Radiolabeled uracil derivative as a novel SPECT probe for thymidine phosphorylase:  suppressed accumulation into tumor cells by target gene knockdown.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have developed a radiolabeled uracil derivative, 5-iodo-6-[(2-iminoimidazolidinyl)methyl]uracil (IIMU) as a novel single photon emission computed tomography probe for thymidine phosphorylase (TP). This radioiodinated IIMU has a high affinity for TP and highly accumulates in the TP-expressing tumor cell line A431 (human epidermoid carcinoma). To evaluate the specificity of the cellular uptake of IIMU to TP expression, we examined the effects of TP knockdown on the uptake of ¹²⁵I-labeled IIMU (¹²⁵I-IIMU) in the tumor cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  TP-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-specific siRNA (positive control), and negative control siRNA were transfected into A431 cells, respectively. Target-mRNA and protein expression levels of TP and GAPDH were examined 48 and 72 h after transfection, respectively. The cellular uptake level of ¹²⁵I-IIMU was also evaluated 72 h after transfection. The results were compared after normalization with the corresponding negative controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After TP-specific and GAPDH-specific siRNA transfection, the expression levels of TP and GAPDH mRNA decreased significantly to 41 and 29%, respectively, compared with the negative control (P<0.001 for both). The expression levels of TP and GAPDH protein also significantly decreased to 34 and 30%, respectively (P<0.001 for both). After TP-specific siRNA transfection, the cellular uptake level of ¹²⁵I-IIMU decreased significantly to 66% (P<0.001). In contrast, GAPDH siRNA transfection did not significantly affect the cellular uptake level of ¹²⁵I-IIMU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  siRNA-mediated TP knockdown significantly decreased the cellular uptake level of ¹²⁵I-IIMU. This finding indicates that the uptake of IIMU in tumor cells is TP specific and directly corresponds to TP expression levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tracer Kinetics & Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Songji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yongnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akizawa
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkura
authors.forename: Nagara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuge
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: C551481:5-iodo-6-((2-iminoimidazolidinyl)methyl)uracil; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011868:Radioisotopes; D014498:Uracil; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase