title: The role of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) in assessing ovarian reserve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) has been suggested as a marker for the quantity of oocytes remaining within the ovaries (ovarian reserve). It was shown to correlate with antral follicle counts (AFC), outcomes from ovarian stimulation, and onset of menopause. Thus, AMH was previously considered to be the ideal marker of ovarian reserve because it is exclusively produced by granulosa cells and is the only marker that was thought to be stable throughout the menstrual cycle. However, recent studies demonstrate fluctuations in AMH levels during the menstrual cycles, questioning the utility of AMH as a marker of oocyte quantity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report the case of a 32-yr-old Gravida 0 woman with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism who presented for fertility treatment with unstable AMH levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient's initial FSH and LH levels were both below 1.0 mIU/ml. Estradiol was 28 pg/ml. Her initial AMH and AFC were 0.20 ng/ml and 0, respectively. She underwent three cycles of fertility treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 16-wk course of treatment with human menopausal gonadotropins, normal follicular development was observed. Both AMH and AFC gradually increased during treatment and peaked at 1.26 ng/ml and 6, respectively. On the third cycle of treatment, she successfully conceived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the case of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, AMH concentration increases because human menopausal gonadotropin stimulates the growth of FSH-dependent follicles. Thus, AMH has limitations because it only reflects the growing follicular pool that is responsive to gonadotropins. Therefore, AMH may not be solely reflective of the underlying primordial pool.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, Box 0916, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Nam D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Marcelle I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cedars
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000628:therapy*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology; D010062:Ovulation Induction
chemical_list: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone