title: A regulatory program for excretory system regeneration in planarians.
abstract: Planarians can regenerate any missing body part, requiring mechanisms for the production of organ systems in the adult, including their prominent tubule-based filtration excretory system called protonephridia. Here, we identify a set of genes, Six1/2-2, POU2/3, hunchback, Eya and Sall, that encode transcription regulatory proteins that are required for planarian protonephridia regeneration. During regeneration, planarian stem cells are induced to form a cell population in regeneration blastemas expressing Six1/2-2, POU2/3, Eya, Sall and Osr that is required for excretory system formation. POU2/3 and Six1/2-2 are essential for these precursor cells to form. Eya, Six1/2-2, Sall, Osr and POU2/3-related genes are required for vertebrate kidney development. We determined that planarian and vertebrate excretory cells express homologous proteins involved in reabsorption and waste modification. Furthermore, we identified novel nephridia genes. Our results identify a transcriptional program and cellular mechanisms for the regeneration of an excretory organ and suggest that metazoan excretory systems are regulated by genetic programs that share a common evolutionary origin.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
authors.forename: M Lucila
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scimone
authors.forename: Mansi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Reddien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D050809:POU Domain Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010932:Planarians / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D015801:Helminth Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D050809:POU Domain Factors