title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the caudate lobe, where RFA is considered to be difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of a total of 810 patients treated by ultrasound-guided radiotherapy between July 2002 and May 2010, medical records of 50 consecutive patients with HCC in the caudate lobe were reviewed in this retrospective study. Twenty-two tumors were found to be in the paracaval portion and 28 in the Spiegel lobe. We retrospectively reviewed the procedures, treatment effect, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all paracaval tumors and eight Spiegel lobe tumors, we used the intercostal approach, and for the remaining Spiegel tumors (n = 20) we used the pass-the-left approach. We found that all tumors were successfully treated, and the local recurrence rate after 2 years was 12%. Cases of mortality or major complications after RFA were absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RFA appears to be an effective treatment modality for HCC in the caudate lobe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Disease Center, Okayama City Hospital, 6-10 Amase, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8557, Japan. kazuya_kariyama@city.okayama.jp
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kariyama
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nouso
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakuta
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor