title: Methodological considerations in using complex survey data: an applied example with the Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey.
abstract: Complex survey data are collected by means other than simple random samples. This creates two analytical issues: nonindependence and unequal selection probability. Failing to address these issues results in underestimated standard errors and biased parameter estimates. Using data from the nationally representative Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES; 1997 and 2000 cohorts), three diverse multilevel models are presented that illustrate differences in results depending on addressing or ignoring the complex sampling issues. Limitations of using complex survey data are reported, along with recommendations for reporting complex sample results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. debbie.hahs-vaughn@ucf.edu
authors.forename: Debbie L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hahs-Vaughn
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McWayne
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bulotsky-Shearer
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Faria
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014481:United States