title: [Progress in polyphosphate and related metabolizing enzymes].
abstract: Inorganic polyphosphate (Poly P) is a polymer consisting of ten to hundreds of phosphate residues linked by "high-energy" phosphoanhydride bonds, which is abundantly found in all organisms and nature. Here the basic facts of PolyP are summarized: genes regulated by polyP, role in DNA uptake, motility of microorganism, function in stress response, the virulence of pathogens, as well as the proliferation of mammary cancer cells, blood coagulation, cell calcification and the modulation of mitochondrial activity. Enzymes with activities requiring polyP, such as endopolyphosphatase, glucokinase, NAD kinase, AMP phosphotransferase are outlined too. The structure and activity of enzymes regulating polyP level such as polyphosphate kinase and exopolyphosphatase are noted. A thorough analysis of the mycobacterium tuberculosis PPX protein homologs and their biochemical activity is presented.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, School of life sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Huai-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000201:enzymology; D017856:Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011122:Polyphosphates; D017856:Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor); C022424:polyphosphate kinase; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; C020137:exopolyphosphatase