title: Computer-based simulation training to improve learning outcomes in mannequin-based simulation exercises.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of computer-based simulation on the achievement of student learning outcomes during mannequin-based simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to rapid response teams of 5-6 students and then teams were randomly assigned to either a group that completed either computer-based or mannequin-based simulation cases first. In both simulations, students used their critical thinking skills and selected interventions independent of facilitator input.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A predetermined rubric was used to record and assess students' performance in the mannequin-based simulations. Feedback and student performance scores were generated by the software in the computer-based simulations. More of the teams in the group that completed the computer-based simulation before completing the mannequin-based simulation achieved the primary outcome for the exercise, which was survival of the simulated patient (41.2% vs. 5.6%). The majority of students (>90%) recommended the continuation of simulation exercises in the course. Students in both groups felt the computer-based simulation should be completed prior to the mannequin-based simulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of computer-based simulation prior to mannequin-based simulation improved the achievement of learning goals and outcomes. In addition to improving participants' skills, completing the computer-based simulation first may improve participants' confidence during the more real-life setting achieved in the mannequin-based simulation.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, PA 19104, USA. l.curtin@usciences.edu
authors.forename: Lindsay B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Curtin
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Quinn A
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Czosnowski
authors.forename: Craig B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cawley
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004493:Education; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008348:Manikins; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013339:Students, Pharmacy