title: Improvement of the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate by mixing with hydration accelerators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is used widely in endodontic therapy. This study examined the setting time, compressive strength, and pH of MTA mixed with several hydration accelerators (calcium chloride, low-dose citric acid, calcium lactate gluconate solution).
  
  
  METHODS
  Group 1 (control) was obtained by mixing MTA with distilled water. In group 2, MTA containing 10% calcium chloride was mixed with distilled water. In group 3, MTA was mixed with 0.1% citric acid. In group 4, MTA was mixed with a calcium lactate gluconate solution. The setting time, compressive strength, and pH were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The setting time of MTA mixed with hydration accelerators was significantly shorter than that of MTA mixed with water (P < .01). In particular, replacing distilled water with a calcium lactate gluconate solution provided a significant decrease in setting time. The compressive strengths of MTA mixed with hydration accelerators were significantly lower than that of MTA mixed with water (P < .01), but those values increased with time. The pH of MTA mixed with hydration accelerators was significantly lower than that of MTA mixed with water (P < .01) but stable at a high level (pH 11-12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydration accelerators improved the setting time of MTA. Nevertheless, more study will be needed to improve MTA without impairing its preexisting advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Bin-Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Hoon-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: In-Nam
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yeong-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ho-Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Won-Mann
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005942:Gluconates; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C041283:lactogluconic acid; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D019343:Citric Acid; D002122:Calcium Chloride