title: Zoonotic Bartonella species in fleas and blood from red foxes in Australia.
abstract: Bartonella are arthropod-borne, fastidious, Gram-negative, and aerobic bacilli distributed by fleas, lice, sand flies, and, possibly, ticks. The zoonotic Bartonella species, Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae, which are the causes of cat scratch disease and endocarditis in humans, have been reported from cats, cat fleas, and humans in Australia. However, to date, there has been no report of B. henselae or B. clarridgeiae in Australian wild animals and their ectoparasites. B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae were detected in fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), an introduced pest animal species in Australia, and only B. clarridgeiae was detected in blood from one red fox. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal intergenic spacer region revealed that the B. henselae detected in the current study were related to B. henselae strain Houston-1, a major pathogenic strain in humans in Australia, and confirmed the genetic distinctness of B. clarridgeiae. The identification and characterization of Bartonella species in red foxes in the Southwest of Western Australia suggests that red foxes may act as reservoirs of infection for animals and humans in this region.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. g.kaewmongkol@murdoch.edu.au
authors.forename: Gunn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaewmongkol
authors.forename: Sarawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaewmongkol
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Una
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Stanley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Fenwick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001473:Bartonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017931:DNA Primers; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D005589:Foxes / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D005423:Siphonaptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D014904:Western Australia; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers