title: Capsular contracture - What are the risk factors? A 14 year series of 1400 consecutive augmentations.
abstract: The modern era of breast augmentation and reconstruction began in 1963, with the introduction of silicone implants by Cronin and Gerow. To date, the demand for cosmetic augmentation continues to increase exponentially. However, whilst the surgical techniques and quality of mammary prosthesis have improved dramatically in recent years, patients are still confronted with significant potential complications. We performed a retrospective study of 1400 consecutive primary breast augmentations performed between March 1995 and March 2009 by a single surgeon. We specifically examined the incidence of capsular contracture and the possible causative factors. Follow up ranged from 1 to 16 years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 32.8 years and fill volume was between 195 ml and 800 ml. Our capsular contracture rate was in the order of 26.9%. BMI >30, fill volumes >350 ml, smoking and alcohol consumption did not significantly increase capsular contracture rate. Implant type, pregnancy, infection and delayed haematoma significantly increased the risk of capsular contracture. Our series has given us a unique insight into the frequency of capsular contracture and identified several risk factors. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pregnancy having a significant effect on capsular contracture. We now counsel patients thoroughly into the detrimental effects of pregnancy on the implant.
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham, UK. annedancey@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dancey
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nassimizadeh
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult