title: Association of fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids with metabolic syndrome and arterial stiffness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association of fatty acid (FA) composition in serum phospholipids with the features of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Korean men (n = 593, 30-79 yrs) were categorized based on the number of MetS risk factors (RFs) and measured for the markers of MetS, serum phospholipid FA composition and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an index for the severity of arterial stiffness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), baPWV, LDL size, and adiponectin were significantly altered corresponding to the number of MetS RFs. The proportions of total monounsaturated FA, palmitoleic acid (16:1), oleic acid (18:1ω-9) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3ω-6) in serum phospholipids, and DGLA/linoleic acid (LA) (20:3ω-6/18:2ω-6), deta9-desaturase activity (D9D-16: 16:1/16:0 and D9D-18: 18:1ω-9/18:0) significantly increased corresponding to the number of MetS RFs, but D5D (20:4ω-6/20:3ω-6) decreased. baPWV positively correlated with HOMA-IR, palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid, D6D (18:3ω-6/18:2ω-6), DGLA/LA and D9D-18, and negatively with adiponectin, LDL size, LA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω-3) and D5D. Multiple stepwise regression models revealed that baPWV was significantly influenced by systolic blood pressure, age, body weight, triglyceride and LA in serum phospholipids (R(2) = 0.378). Interestingly, baPWV (1419 ± 1 cm/s) and MetS (22%) were highest in individuals with lower proportion of LA (< 12.361%) and higher proportion of DGLA (≥ 1.412%) in serum phospholipid FAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The features of MetS significantly related to serum phosopholipid FA composition. Particularly, arterial stiffness was associated with LA additively together with DLGA. It may suggest a potential benefit of sufficient amounts of LA in serum or in diet can reduce cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: O Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids