title: Effect on perfusion chamber thrombus size in patients with atrial fibrillation during anticoagulant treatment with oral direct thrombin inhibitors, AZD0837 or ximelagatran, or with vitamin K antagonists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  AZD0837 and ximelagatran are oral direct thrombin inhibitors that are rapidly absorbed and bioconverted to their active forms, AR-H067637 and melagatran, respectively. This study investigated the antithrombotic effect of AZD0837, compared to ximelagatran and the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) phenprocoumon (Marcoumar), in a disease model of thrombosis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, parallel-group studies were performed in NVAF patients treated with VKA, which was stopped aiming for an international normalized ratio (INR) of ≤ 2 before randomization. Study I: 38 patients randomized to AZD0837 (150,250 or 350 mg) or ximelagatran 36 mg twice daily for 10-14 days. Study II: 27 patients randomized to AZD0837 250 mg twice daily or VKA titrated to an INR of 2-3 for 10-14 days. A control group of 20 healthy elderly subjects without NVAF or anticoagulant treatment was also studied. Size of thrombus formed on pig aorta strips was measured after a 5-minute perfusion at low shear rate with blood from the patient/control subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thrombus formation was inhibited by AZD0837 and ximelagatran. Relative to untreated patients, a 50% reduction of thrombus size was estimated at plasma concentrations of 0.6 and 0.2 μmol/L for AR-H067637 and melagatran, respectively. For patients receiving VKA treatment, the thrombus size was about 15% lower compared with healthy elderly controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effects of AZD0837 and ximelagatran on thrombus formation were similar or greater than for VKA therapy and correlated with plasma concentrations of their active forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. michael.wolzt@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
authors.forename: Ulf G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Ghazaleh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gouya
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leuchten
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapiotis
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elg
authors.forename: Kajs-Marie
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schützer
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zetterstrand
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wåhlander
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000578:Amidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001384:Azetidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013552:Swine; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C551586:AZD 0837; D000578:Amidines; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D014812:Vitamin K; C426686:ximelagatran