title: Noradrenaline regulates substance P release from rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether activation and/or inhibition of α-adrenoreceptors influences substance P (SP) release from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) primary sensory neurons in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  DRGs were dissected from 15-day embryonic Wistar rats. DRG neurons were dissociated and cultured for 2 d and then exposed to noradrenaline (NA) alone (1×10(-4) mol/L), or along with the α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin (1×10(-6) mol/L) or the α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine (1×10(-5) mol/L) for 4 d. Then, RT-PCR was used to determine the levels of preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA encoding for SP and Western blot to assess the protein levels of SP. Basal and capsaicin (CAP)-evoked SP release were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAP-evoked SP release was sensitized by NA and this effect was inhibited by pre-incubation with prazosin but not with yohimbine. The levels of PPT mRNA, SP peptide, and basal SP release did not change significantly in any of the experimental conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NA may significantly increase CAP-evoked SP release through activation of α-adrenoreceptors, which may contribute to noradrenergic pain modulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing-Fu
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hua-Xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism*; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D015320:Tachykinins; C044206:preprotachykinin; D013373:Substance P; D009638:Norepinephrine