title: Short-term and long-term consequences and concerns regarding valid assessment of vitamin D deficiency:  comparison of recent food supplementation and clinical guidance reports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The function and use of vitamin D supplementation has become very controversial. This review attempts to provide a balanced perspective with respect to the experimental findings published in the past 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recent contrasts between the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report and the Endocrine Societies report have caused great confusion with respect to the dietary requirement for vitamin D as well as the amount of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D that is desirable. Much recent data contradict the suggestions of the IOM report with respect to vitamin D's role in chronic disease such as cancer, cardiovascular function, immune function and autoimmune ailments such as multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Controversy regarding supplementation with vitamin D is fueled by the different purposes of the IOM (guidance for food fortification and not to individualized patient care) and the Endocrine Societies (patient care) reports. Healthcare providers should formulate their own opinions with respect to vitamin D as it pertains to the care of their patient.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. hollisb@musc.edu
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Hollis
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D