title: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease and future osteoarthritis-related arthroplasty: a population-based cohort study in men and women from Malmö, Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the hypothesis that cardiovascular risk factors increase the likelihood of future osteoarthritis (OA)-related arthroplasty in adult men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline cohort data on cardiovascular risk factors [age, socio-economic class, family history, obesity, smoking, glucose, cholesterol, blood pressure, and early cardiovascular disease (CVD) history] were linked to clinical registers of OA-related arthroplasty data. The study included 8749 women and 14 821 men with up to a 30-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women, higher cardiovascular risk groups were more likely to have an OA outcome compared to the lowest risk quartile group (trend p < 0.001). The estimates were as follows: second quartile risk: rate ratio (RR) 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.9, third quartile risk: 3.32 (2.5-4.5); and highest risk quartile: 3.47 (2.6-4.7). In men, higher cardiovascular risk groups were also more likely to have an OA outcome compared to the lowest risk quartile group (trend p = 0.001). The estimates were as follows: second quartile risk: RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.1-1.9; third quartile risk: 1.38 (1.1-1.8); and highest risk quartile: 1.67 (1.3-2.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our large cohort study with up to a 30-year follow-up period provides evidence to support the hypothesis of shared risk factors in CVD and OA, and the findings suggest an alternative aetiological process in the pathogenesis of OA.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. u.kadam@cphc.keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Kadam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blagojevic
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akesson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol