title: Severe rheumatic mitral stenosis: a 21st century medusa.
abstract: Although the prevalence of rheumatic fever has greatly decreased in developed countries, rheumatic mitral stenosis still causes significant morbidity and mortality. Symptomatic patients have a poor prognosis, with a 0 to 15% 10-year survival rate, particularly if percutaneous or surgical intervention are contraindicated or considered high risk. We present a case of severe rheumatic mitral stenosis with an evolution over 4 decades, in which exceptional venous distention has established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal. pcarrilhoferreira@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrilho-Ferreira
authors.forename: Monica Mendes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pedro
authors.forename: Manuel Gato
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: Antonio Nunes
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Diogo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002100:Cachexia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*