title: Four-year prospective study of BMI and mental health problems in young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate prospectively the relationship between BMI and the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children obtained when children were 4 to 5 and 8 to 9 years old. BMI was available for 3363 children at both waves. Mental health problems were assessed by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which was completed by parents and teachers. HRQoL was assessed by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), which was completed by the parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression models were adjusted for children's age, gender, baseline SDQ or PedsQL scores, and maternal characteristics. A 1-SD increase in BMI in children aged 4 to 5 years was associated with increased odds of scoring in the abnormal range of the SDQ peer problems scale of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.28) for parent reports and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.04-1.37) for teacher reports when these children were aged 8 to 9 years. The odds ratio for children who scored above the at-risk cutoff on the parent-reported PedsQL social problems scale was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06-1.28) for each 1-SD increase at 4 to 5 years of age. There were also increased odds for teacher reports of childhood emotional problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher BMI in children aged 4 to 5 years was positively related to poorer peer relationships and teacher-reported emotional problems but not to other childhood mental health problems, in these children at 8 to 9 years of age. Prospective studies are needed to determine if peer problems experienced by children with higher BMI predict subsequent mental health problems in other areas.
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. michael.sawyer@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael Gifford
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harchak
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D050177:Overweight / Q000523:psychology*; D010379:Peer Group; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires