title: A continuous glucose monitoring and problem-solving intervention to change physical activity behavior in women with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes technology has the potential to provide useful data for theory-based behavioral counseling. The aims of this study are to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a continuous glucose monitoring and problem-solving counseling intervention to change physical activity (PA) behavior in women with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n=29) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: continuous glucose counseling and problem-solving skills or continuous glucose monitoring counseling and general diabetes education. Feasibility data were obtained on intervention dose, implementation, and satisfaction. Preliminary efficacy data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks on the following measures: PA amount and intensity, diet, problem-solving skills, self-efficacy for PA, depression, hemogoloin A1c, weight, and blood pressure. Demographic and implementation variables were described using frequency distributions and summary statistics. Satisfaction data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank. Differences between groups were analyzed using linear mixed-modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were mostly white/non-Latina with a mean age of 53 years, a 6.5-year history of diabetes, and suboptimal glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring plus problem-solving group participants had significantly greater problem-solving skills and had greater, although not statistically significant, dietary adherence, moderate activity minutes, weight loss, and higher intervention satisfaction pre- to post-intervention than did participants in the continuous glucose monitoring plus education group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A continuous glucose monitoring plus problem-solving intervention was feasible and acceptable, and participants had greater problem-solving skills than continuous glucose monitoring plus education group participants.
authors.affiliation: Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA. nancy.allen@bc.edu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melkus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011340:Problem Solving; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human