title: Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, quality of life and sexuality. Experience in an Italian family planning center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) was first marketed in 1990 in Finland. Since then, it has been approved in approximately 120 countries throughout the world, with almost 50 million women-years of cumulative experience to date. Its high contraceptive effectiveness and favorable bleeding profile, leading to significant reduction of menstrual bleeding both in women with idiopathic menorrhagia and in those with normal menstrual bleedings, have been the key to the success of the system. At the same time, women need to be provided adequate preinsertion counseling about changes in menstrual bleeding to be expected. In the Italian context, it is important to highlight during counseling that amenorrhea is not harmful but can lead to health benefits such as an increase in iron blood stores and blood hemoglobin concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate contraceptive efficacy, compliance and the effect of changes in menstrual cyclicity on quality of life and sexuality of the LNG-IUS (Mirena®), 156 women attending the Family Planning Clinic to request contraception were enrolled in the study and inserted with the device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Menstrual blood flow decreased in all users, in terms of both quantity and duration; although spotting was present in 93.7% of the women, it disappeared within 6 months in the majority of cases. Amenorrhea occurred in 29.5% of all women, with onset within the first six cycles postinsertion. Data from the EuroQuality of Life-5D and Female Sexual Function Index questionnaires showed improvement in the quality of life, with a decrease in intercourse-related pain and an improvement in sexual desire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although in Italy intrauterine contraception is poorly accepted, once started on LNG-IUS, women found that the device represents a safe and effective contraceptive modality, with valuable noncontraceptive benefits, especially in the presence of heavy or prolonged bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. carlo.bastianelli@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bastianelli
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benagiano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D007558:Italy; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008598:Menstruation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D019529:Sexuality
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel