title: Assessing reflective thinking and approaches to learning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facilitation of reflective practice is critical for the ongoing demands of health care practitioners. Reflective thinking concepts, grounded in the work of Dewey and Schön, emphasize critical reflection to promote transformation in beliefs and learning necessary for reflective practice. The Reflective Thinking Questionnaire (QRT) and Revised Study Process Questionnaire (RSPQ-2F) assess skill aspects of professional reasoning, with promise for measuring changes over time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and responsiveness and the model validity of reflective thinking and approaches to learning measures for U.S. health professions students enrolled in entry-level occupational (MOT) and physical therapy (DPT) programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This measurement study addressed reliability and responsiveness of two measures, the QRT and RSPQ-2F, for graduate health professionals. A convenience sample of 125 MOT and DPT students participated in the two-measure, test-retest investigation, with electronic data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcomes support the stability of the four-scale QRT (ICC 0.63 to 0.82) and the two-scale RSPQ-2F (ICC 0.91 and 0.87). Descriptive data supporting responsiveness are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With noted limitations, the results support the use of the QRT and RSPQ-2F measures to assess changes in reflective thinking and approaches to learning. Measurement of these learning outcomes furthers our understanding and knowledge about instructional strategies, development of professional reasoning, and fostering of self-directed learning within MOT and DPT programs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational Therapy, College of Health, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. louise.dunn@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Musolino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000193:education*; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty / Q000193:education*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking; D014481:United States