title: Laparoscopic simultaneous bilateral adrenalectomy: assessment of feasibility and potential indications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a single-center experience with laparoscopic simultaneous bilateral adrenalectomy (LSBA) and to evaluate its safety, surgical outcomes, and potential indications of the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 21 patients underwent LSBA between 2000 and 2010 at our institution. Four patients had bilateral Cushing's syndrome (CS), two had bilateral pheochromocytoma, and one had a bilateral metastatic tumor. Eleven patients had unilateral or bilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), associated with CS or subclinical CS. Three patients had unilateral APA with contralateral non-functioning adenoma. Partial adrenalectomy was performed first by using with four ports. After the excision of one gland, the contralateral gland was removed after repositioning of the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LSBA was completed in all 21 patients without major complications. Mean operative time was 329.7 min and the estimated blood loss was 94.1 mL. Mean tumor size was 21.8 mm. Of the 16 patients receiving an adrenal-sparing procedure, nine of 11 discontinued glucocorticoid replacement after 2 years. The remaining five patients receiving bilateral total adrenalectomy required 0.5-0.75 mg of dexamethasone permanently. No open conversions, no deaths or no adrenal insufficiencies were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LSBA represents a safe and viable treatment option for selected patients with bilateral adrenal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishidoya
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaiho
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Fumitoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000450:Aldosterone; D003907:Dexamethasone