title: Anthracofibrosis or anthracostenosis.
abstract: Anthracofibrosis is a bronchial stenosis due to local mucosal fibrosis that also presents anthracotic pigment in the mucosa. The cause has not been well clarified, although there is a frequent association with tuberculosis and the exposure to smoke from biofuel or biomass combustion. It is an entity that has not been reported in Spain, although the influx of people from rural areas of developing countries or rural areas of our own country should make us contemplate this entity in the differential diagnosis of our patients. We present 3 cases detected in Spain (2 of them natives) diagnosed by bronchoscopy and bronchial biopsy, which are techniques necessary to confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific treatment, except for tuberculostatic treatment in cases with coexisting tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Capio, Madrid, España. juliogomezseco2@telefonica.net
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Seco
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pérez-Boal
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guerrero-González
authors.forename: Feliciano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sáez-Noguero
authors.forename: Iker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández-Navamuel
authors.forename: Maria Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Nieto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055008:Anthracosis / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D056804:Biofuels / Q000009:adverse effects; D001706:Biopsy; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003296:Cooking; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000150:complications; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000209:etiology; D012424:Rural Population; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects; D013030:Spain; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D012906:Smoke