title: The mining and burning of coal: effects on health and the environment.
abstract: Australia's coal conundrum is that all political parties say they are concerned about climate change while sanctioning an unprecedented expansion of coalmining and coal seam gas extraction in Australia. Australia's coal contributes to climate change and its global health impacts. Each phase of coal's lifecycle (mining, disposal of contaminated water and tailings, transportation, washing, combustion, and disposing of postcombustion wastes) produces pollutants that affect human health. Communities in which coalmining or burning occurs have been shown to suffer significant health impacts. The health and climate costs of coal are unseen, and when costs to health systems are included, coal is an expensive fuel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia. wmc@iinet.net.au
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Castleden
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crisp
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finch
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced; D001315:Australia; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D003031:Coal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics; D003032:Coal Mining; D004782:Environmental Health; D057232:Global Warming / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration / Q000191:economics; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000209:etiology; D011634:Public Health / Q000639:trends; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000139:chemically induced; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D003031:Coal