title: Biowaiver monographs for immediate-release solid oral dosage forms: stavudine.
abstract: Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate-release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing stavudine (d4T) are reviewed. According to Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), d4T can be assigned to BCS class I. No problems with BE of IR d4T formulations containing different excipients and produced by different manufacturing methods have been reported and, hence, the risk of bioinequivalence caused by these factors appears to be low. Furthermore, d4T has a wide therapeutic index. It is concluded that a biowaiver is appropriate for IR solid oral dosage forms containing d4T as the single active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) provided that (a) the test product contains only excipients present in the IR d4T drug products that have been approved in a number of countries for the same dosage form, and (b) both test product and its comparator are either "very rapidly dissolving" or "rapidly dissolving" with similarity of dissolution profiles demonstrated at pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8.
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, Anvisa, Division of Bioequivalence, Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur L L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cristofoletti
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Storpirtis
authors.forename: Varley D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: Vinod P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Salomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stavchansky
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dressman
authors.forename: Dirk M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barends
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001702:Biopharmaceutics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D012995:Solubility; D018119:Stavudine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D005079:Excipients; D018119:Stavudine