title: Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts cardiovascular risk profiles in career firefighters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in firefighters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 968 male career firefighters. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by maximal exercise tolerance tests. Cardiovascular disease risk parameters included body composition, resting vital signs, and metabolic profiles. Group comparisons were performed using χ test, analysis of variance, and general linear regression with/without adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher metabolic equivalents categories were significantly associated with lower diastolic blood pressure, body fat, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total/high-density cholesterol ratio, and higher high-density lipoprotein (P ≤ 0.0272, age and BMI adjusted).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing CRF has beneficial independent effects on CVD risk factor profiles among firefighters. Higher CRF was beneficial regardless of BMI; nevertheless, increasing BMI had strong independent unfavorable effects. Firefighters should be encouraged to increase their CRF to decrease their future risk of CVD.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Dorothee M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: Costas A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Christophi
authors.forename: Antonios J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tsismenakis
authors.forename: E Francis
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Stefanos N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kales
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D061388:Firefighters; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides