title: Comparison of fluctuating and sustained neural pressure perturbations on axonal transport processes in the optic nerve.
abstract: Pressure changes within the central nervous system (CNS) have the capacity to provoke neurodegeneration by perturbing axonal homeostatic processes. The pathogenic role of axonal transport dysfunction in diseases characterised by sustained pressure elevation have been clearly delineated, however the patho-physiogical mechanisms underlying neurological disorders typified by measurable fluctuations in CNS pressure remains unclarified. This study utilises the rabbit optic nerve, a myelinated, mammalian neuronal tract to compare the effects of sustained pressure elevation and fluctuating pressure change on axonal transport processes. In 5 rabbits, neural pressure was sustained at 10mm Hg and 40mm Hg in the right and left optic nerves, respectively, for 6 hours. In another 5 rabbits, neural pressure was modulated between 7.5mm Hg and 57.5mm Hg at 30minute intervals in the right optic nerve, and sustained at 40mm Hg in the left optic nerve for 6hours. Rhodamine-β-isothiocyanate, an axonal transport tracer, was used to quantify axonal transport differences between normal-, high- and fluctuating-pressure nerves. Axonal transport rates in high-pressure nerves were significantly lower than normal-pressure nerves. The effects of fluctuating-pressure and sustained high-pressure on axonal transport processes were not significantly different. The findings of this study suggest that the magnitude of pressure elevation and the profile of pressure change over time is important in modulating axonal function. It also implicates the importance of axonal transport dysfunction in the process of neurodegeneration. These results may have relevance for understanding patho-physiological mechanisms involved in pseudotumor cerebri, syringomyelia, hydrocephalus and glaucoma-diseases characterised by fluctuating pressure changes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Chandrakumar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balaratnasingam
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cringle
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fatehee
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Dao-Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits