title: Impact of Lipodystrophy on the prevalence and components of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In HIV-infected patients, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with clinical lipodystrophy (CL) and metabolic abnormalities (MA). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, and to determine whether patients with or without CL had a different prevalence of MA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 345 HIV-infected patients on cART using two different MS definitions (NCEP-ATPIII-2005 and IDF-2005) and the Framingham risk score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CL was present in 58.7% of the patients. The prevalence of the MS was 52.2% (ATPIII) and 43.2% (IDF), and it was not significantly different between patients with (W) or without (WT) CL, regardless of the definition used (ATPIII WCL 52.9% vs WT CL 51.1%; p = 0.738; IDF WCL 41.3% vs WTCL 46.0%; p = 0.379). Moderate concordance was observed between the 2 definitions (kappa = 0.484; p < 0.001) and after gender stratification there was good concordance in women (kappa = 0.759; p < 0.001). Patients with CL had lower waist circumference and HDL-C and higher triglycerides levels. In women, CL was significantly associated with MS, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL cholesterol independently of age, cART and BMI. Patients with CL had a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease at 10 years, measured by the Framingham risk score, than patients without CL. Those with CL and with MS had higher frequencies of moderate and high risk categories than those without MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of the MS was high in these HIV-infected patients with an age average of 40 years and this finding could explain why HIV patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Centro Hospitalar São João, E.P.E., University of Porto Medical School, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, 4200 - 319 Porto, Portugal. paula_freitas@sapo.pt
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Souto
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xerinda
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: José Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Medina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents