title: A comparison of asynchronous and synchronous arm cranking during the Wingate test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare asynchronous (ASY) arm cranking (cranks at 180° relative to each other) with synchronous (SYN) arm cranking (parallel crank setting) during the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty two physically active men (aged 22.1 ± 2.4 y) completed two Wingate tests (one ASY and one SYN) separated by 4 d in a randomized counterbalanced order. The Wingate tests were completed on a modified electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Performance measures assessed during the two tests include peak power, mean power, minimum power, time to peak power, rate to fatigue and maximum cadence (RPMmax). Blood lactate concentration was also measured before and 5 min after the tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak and mean power (both absolute and relative to body weight) during SYN arm cranking were significantly (p < 0.001) less than during ASY arm cranking. Rate to fatigue and RPMmax were also significantly (p = 0.012) lower during SYN arm cranking compared with ASY arm cranking. No significant difference was found between test conditions for minimum power, time to peak power or blood lactate concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that ASY arm cranking results in higher peak and mean anaerobic power compared with SYN arm cranking during the Wingate test. Therefore, an ASY arm crank configuration should be used to assess anaerobic power in most individuals although specific population groups may require further testing.
authors.affiliation: University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Dale I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Lovell
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delphinus
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLellan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011793:Queensland; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid