title: EARLYDRAIN- outcome after early lumbar CSF-drainage in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be complicated by delayed cerebral ischemia, which is a major cause of unfavorable clinical outcome and death in SAH-patients. Delayed cerebral ischemia is presumably related to the development of vasospasm triggered by the presence of blood in the basal cisterns. To date, oral application of the calcium antagonist nimodipine is the only prophylactic treatment for vasospasm recognized under international guidelines.In retrospective trials lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to be a safe and feasible measure to remove the blood from the basal cisterns and decrease the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and vasospasm in the respective study populations. However, the efficacy of lumbar drainage has not been evaluated prospectively in a randomized controlled trial yet.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a protocol for a 2-arm randomized controlled trial to compare an intervention group receiving early continuous lumbar CSF-drainage and standard neurointensive care to a control group receiving standard neurointensive care only. Adults suffering from a first aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage whose aneurysm has been secured by means of coiling or clipping are eligible for trial participation. The effect of early CSF drainage (starting < 72 h after securing the aneurysm) will be measured in the following ways: the primary endpoint will be disability after 6 months, assessed by a blinded investigator during a personal visit or standardized telephone interview using the modified Rankin Scale. Secondary endpoints include mortality after 6 months, angiographic vasospasm, transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) mean flow velocity in both middle cerebral arteries and rate of shunt insertion at 6 months after hospital discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we present the study design of a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial to investigate whether early application of a lumbar drainage improves clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Charité Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. Jens.Witsch@charite.de
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bardutzky
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Witsch
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jüttler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajkoczy
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000628:therapy*