title: Comparison of ultrasonic irrigation and RinsEndo for the removal of calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste from root canals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of ultrasonic irrigation and RinsEndo in removing calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste from simulated root canal irregularities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The root canals of sixty extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared using FlexMaster rotary instruments to size 60, 0.02 taper. The roots were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part of one segment. The teeth were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30), according to the intracanal dressing. In the first group, grooves were filled with calcium hydroxide paste (Calxyl), whereas the grooves in the second group were filled with Ledermix paste. After reassembly, the root canals were completely filled with the respective medicament using a lentulo. The removal of medicament dressing was performed after 7 days with either passive ultrasonic irrigation or RinsEndo and 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min. The amount of remaining medicament was evaluated under a microscope with 30 × magnification using a four-grade scoring system. A regression analysis with P ≤ 0.05 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ledermix paste removal was significantly more effective than the removal of calcium hydroxide (P < 0.0001), whereas irrigation technique was not a significant factor (P = 0.3712). The percentages of complete removal of calcium hydroxide and Ledermix paste were 11.7% and 51.7%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the irrigation techniques was able to completely remove the intracanal medicaments from the apical part of the root canal. Irrespective of the irrigation technique, significantly less Ledermix paste was detected compared with calcium hydroxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. troedig@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rödig
authors.forename: Manja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirschleb
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zapf
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hülsmann
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D003707:Demeclocycline / Q000737:chemistry*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D003707:Demeclocycline; C001527:Ledermix; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide