title: Influence of storage on the position of the germinal disc in the fertilized unincubated chicken egg.
abstract: The breeding of male layer chickens is currently considered to be highly uneconomical. In Germany alone, 40 to 50 million newly hatched male chickens were killed annually immediately after hatching. Therefore, it is necessary to find a method for sexing chickens early in the embryonic development, preferably before incubation. The genotypic sex of an egg can be determined using information found in the germinal disc, so knowledge of the exact position of the germinal disc is essential for further sexing, or for other actions such as the in ovo injection of agents. Previous studies have shown that the germinal disc is located somewhere on top of the yolk. However, no studies have yet been performed that investigate the influence of time spent in horizontal storage on the position of the germinal disc. Magnetic resonance imaging was chosen to determine this influence on the position of the germinal disc. It was found that eggs placed horizontally for long periods of time before scanning had significant changes in the positions of their germinal discs compared with those of eggs scanned minutes after positioning. The position of the germinal disc in eggs, minutes after horizontal positioning, deviated 14.7 ± 0.6 mm from the maximum vertical plane of the egg (zero position) in the z-direction; eggs scanned after 96 h of horizontal positioning showed a deviation of only 4.9 ± 1.6 mm. The x-axis also exhibited changes in the position of the germinal disc over time. Immediately after horizontal positioning, the eggs showed a deviation of 0.4 ± 0.4 mm in the x-direction, whereas the deviation after 96 h was 2.9 ± 0.5 mm. These results show that horizontal positioning of the egg hours before the measurement is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Dresden University of Technology, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Anke.Burkhardt@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meister
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054239:Blastodisc / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry; D001947:Breeding; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors