title: The health and well-being of remote and mobile workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remote and mobile workers (RMWs), people who spend the majority of work time away from a home or office base, are estimated to number 1 million in the UK and Ireland. A number of advantages and challenges have been identified with this way of working but little is known about the impact of this type of work on the health and well-being of RMWs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify any potential health or psychosocial effects associated with remote and mobile working, identify ergonomic factors that impact on this group and ascertain the effect of organizational or management factors that influence this occupational group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review methodology was used and a search strategy developed including keywords, which were used to search electronic databases and websites. Data were then extracted from included papers and quality assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial searches identified 280 references but only 11 papers reached the inclusion criteria. Health effects identified included musculoskeletal symptoms associated with higher mileage and more time in a vehicle but a number of vehicle design issues were found to improve symptoms. Psychosocial factors including high demands were also found but better mental health was associated with higher mileage and more time with clients. There was a lack of substantive evidence in relation to managing this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is little research currently available on the general health of RMWs and future research should examine this further and focus on general health and access to support services.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK. joanne.crawford@iom-world.org
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: MacCalman
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016272:Occupational Health; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology