title: [Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight puerperal from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire, and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007. All the puerperal were singleton pregnancies, excluding high blood pressure, diabetes, HIV infection and adverse medical history. Seven congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99, BDE-154, BDE-153 and BDE-183) were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight (lw), and the range was 1.92 - 41.55 ng/g lw. The detection rates of seven congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99, BDE-154, BDE-153, BDE-183) were 98% (47/48), 96% (46/48), 86% (41/48), 90% (43/48), 83% (40/48), 98% (47/48), 90% (43/48), and the median of them was 0.88, 0.99, 0.97, 1.39, 1.14, 2.17, 1.41 ng/g lw, respectively. LogΣ(7PBDEs) in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower (0.89 ± 0.24), senior high school (1.02 ± 0.17), junior college or higher (1.08 ± 0.28). LogΣ(7PBDEs) in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as < 1000 yuan (0.89 ± 0.12), 1000 - 3000 yuan (1.01 ± 0.24), > 3000 yuan (1.13 ± 0.21). Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers' education level (r = 0.322, P < 0.05) and income level (r = 0.388, P < 0.05) have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast milk, however, the education and income levels of the mothers may be the influencing factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiao-jin
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers