title: Racial differences in sleep architecture: the role of ethnic discrimination.
abstract: African Americans have been consistently shown to have less deep (slow wave sleep; SWS) and more light (Stages 1 and 2) sleep than Caucasian Americans. This paper explored whether discrimination, a stressor that uniquely impacts certain ethnic groups, contributes to differences in sleep architecture. The sleep of 164 African and Caucasian Americans was examined with laboratory based polysomnography (PSG). Experiences of perceived discrimination (The Scale of Ethnic Experience) and sociodemographic factors were also assessed. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking status, African Americans slept approximately 4.5% more total sleep time (TST) in Stage 2 sleep and 4.7% less TST in SWS than Caucasian Americans (ps<.05). Perceived discrimination was a partial mediator of ethnic differences in sleep architecture. Individuals who reported experiencing more discrimination slept more time in Stage 2 and less time in SWS (ps<.05). Results suggest that the impact of stress related to ethnic group membership plays a part in explaining differences in sleep architecture.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University & University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92093-0804, United States. ltomfohr@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tomfohr
authors.forename: Meredith A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pung
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011287:Prejudice; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult