title: A brain-computer interface based on bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound.
abstract: In this study, we investigate the feasibility of a BCI based on transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), a medical imaging technique used to monitor cerebral blood flow velocity. We classified the cerebral blood flow velocity changes associated with two mental tasks--a word generation task, and a mental rotation task. Cerebral blood flow velocity was measured simultaneously within the left and right middle cerebral arteries while nine able-bodied adults alternated between mental activity (i.e. word generation or mental rotation) and relaxation. Using linear discriminant analysis and a set of time-domain features, word generation and mental rotation were classified with respective average accuracies of 82.9%±10.5 and 85.7%±10.0 across all participants. Accuracies for all participants significantly exceeded chance. These results indicate that TCD is a promising measurement modality for BCI research.
authors.affiliation: Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. andrew.myrden@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Andrew J B
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Myrden
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kushki
authors.forename: Ervin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sejdić
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guerguerian
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D055815:Young Adult