title: From theory to practice: a Canadian case study of the utility of climate change adaptation frameworks to address health impacts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is now recognized that climate change affects human health. The question is how to adapt. This article examines mainstreaming climate considerations into public health programs and the utility of climate change and health adaptation frameworks, using Ontario, Canada, as a case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review identified climate change and health adaptation frameworks for comparison with the Ontario Public Health Standards. Key informant interviews gauged the extent to which climate change risks are currently considered in policy and planning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ontario's Public Health Standards already require many of the risk management activities identified in climate change and health adaptation frameworks. However, public health officials require additional information about linkages between climate change and health to manage risks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk management activities such as population health assessments, surveillance and public education and outreach can address many key risks related to climate hazards when information about the risks, vulnerable populations and time scales is made available to health officials. The development, analysis and transfer of this information should be considered a priority at all levels within the public health sector.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. kaila-lea_clarke@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Kaila-Lea
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009864:Ontario; D011634:Public Health; D012308:Risk Management