title: The enhancement of bone regeneration by a combination of osteoconductivity and osteostimulation using β-CaSiO3/β-Ca3(PO4)2 composite bioceramics.
abstract: β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is osteoconductive, while β-calcium silicate (β-CS) is bioactive with osteostimulative properties. Porous β-CaSiO(3)/β-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) composite bioceramic scaffolds with various β-TCP:β-CS ratios were designed to combine both osteoconductivity and osteostimulation in order to enhance bone regeneration. The composite scaffolds were implanted in critical sized femur defects (6×12 mm) for 4, 12 and 26weeks with pure β-TCP and β-CS scaffolds as the controls. The in vivo biodegradation and bone regeneration of the specimens were investigated using sequential histological evaluations, immunohistochemical examination and micro-computed tomography technology. The results showed that the scaffolds with 50 and 80 wt.% β-CS dramatically enhanced the amount of newly formed bone and reduced the degradation rate. In contrast, porous β-CS displayed poor new bone formation due to its rapid degradation, while porous β-TCP showed moderate bone regeneration starting on the surface of the implants, due to a lack of osteostimulation. More importantly, the scaffolds with 50 and 80 wt.% β-CS not only had excellent osteoconductivity, but also stimulated rapid bone formation, and they could degrade progressively at a rate matching the regeneration of new bone. In summary, our findings indicated that the degradation rate and bioactivity of β-CS/β-TCP composite bioceramic scaffolds could be adjusted by controlling the ratio of β-CS to β-TCP, suggesting the potential application of β-CS/β-TCP composite bioceramic scaffolds with 50 and 80 wt.% β-CS component in hard tissue regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatolog, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Kaili
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jianxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008422:Materials Testing; D011817:Rabbits; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017640:Silicates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; C031293:calcium silicate