title: Anogenital distance in Turkish newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anogenital distances are considered to be a sensitive indicator of external genitalia exposure to factors such as anti-androgens, and/or endocrine distruptors during the prenatal period. Exposure to such factors can lead to changes in the anogenital measurements (AGM) of newborn infants. These measurements can be used to predict masculinization of the external genitalia in healthy newborns. The goal of this study was to determine normal values for AGM in Turkish newborns of both genders.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifteen female and 135 male term newborns with no congenital defects were included in this study. A well-trained observer measured the anogenital distance by using a sliding Caliper graduated in millimeters. Anogenital distance was measured from the center of the anus to the posterior convergence of the fourchette in females and from the center of the anus to the junction of the smooth perineal skin with the base of the scrotum in males.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anogenital distance in males and females was 23±0.6 mm and 10.3±0.2 mm, respectively. There were significant differences in anogenital distance values between male and female newborns (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study provide data that can be used as reference standards with regard to AGM of the posterior genital structures in Turkish male and female newborns. These data will also serve in postnatal evaluations to determine the effects of prenatal exposures to factors affecting development of genitalia.
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erzurum, Turkey. ozkan.behzat@gmail.com
authors.forename: Behzat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Özkan
authors.forename: Belkıs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Konak
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cayır
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konak
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014421:Turkey