title: The metabolic features of normal pancreas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: preliminary result of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to analyze the metabolic features and distribution of normal pancreas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma while determining the biomarker of pancreatic cancerous process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven control and 29 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients underwent breath-hold 3-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The ratios of lipid (lipid/InW), choline-containing compounds (CCCs/InW), and fatty acids (FAs/InW) to nonsaturated internal water (InW) of the normal pancreas head and body-tail region, with cancerous and noncancerous regions in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal pancreas, there were no statistical difference in the ratios of FAs to InW and lipid to InW of different regions, but CCCs/InW of body-tail area was greater than that of head (7.28 × 10⁻⁴ vs 3.23 × 10⁻⁴). In pancreatic cancer, FAs/InW and lipid/InW between cancerous and noncancerous region were different (3.44 × 10⁻⁴ vs 16.3 × 10⁻⁴ and 7.78 × 10⁻⁴ vs 36.3 × 10⁻⁴, respectively). Choline-containing compounds/InW in cancerous region was smaller than that in noncancerous region of pancreatic head cancer (1.62 × 10⁻⁴ vs 5.69 × 10⁻⁴) but similar to such region in body-tail cancer. Lipid/InW dropped in noncancerous regions (from 0.67 to 0.36), whereas there were no differences in FAs/InW and CCCs/InW between normal pancreas regions and noncancerous regions in pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In normal pancreas, CCCs of body-tail region was greater than that of head. Whereas in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CCCs, FAs, and lipid were all decreased in cancerous region, lipid in the noncancerous region was also decreased compared with normal pancreas. Lipid may be the potential sensitive biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xinming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hongmei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chunwu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D002794:Choline