title: Benefits of pulsatile flow in pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass procedures: from conception to conduction.
abstract: This review on the benefits of pulsatile flow includes not only experimental and clinical data, but also attempts to further illuminate the major factors as to why this debate has continued during the past 55 years. Every single component of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuitry is equally important for generating adequate quality of pulsatility, not only the pump. Therefore, translational research is a necessity to select the best components for the circuit. Generation of pulsatile flow depends on an energy gradient; precise quantification in terms of hemodynamic energy levels is, therefore, a necessity, not an option. Comparisons between perfusion modes should be done after these basic steps have been taken. We have also included experimental and clinical data for direct comparisons between the perfusion modes. In addition, we included several suggestions for future clinical trials for other interested investigators.
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA. aundar@psu.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ündar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palanzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alkan-Bozkaya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akcevin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Talor
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woitas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCoach
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical / Q000379:methods