title: X chromosome dosage and the response to cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Gonadal hormones contribute to ischemic neuroprotection, but cannot fully explain the observed sexual dimorphism in stroke outcomes seen during life stages with low sex steroid hormones. Sex chromosomal complement (XX in females; XY in males) may also contribute to ischemic sexual dimorphism. A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used to investigate the role of X chromosome dosage in female XX and XO littermates of two mouse strains (Paf and Eda(Ta)). Cohorts of XX and XO gonadally intact, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen were examined. Infarct sizes were equivalent between ovariectomized XX and XO mice, between intact XX and XO mice, and between estrogen-supplemented ovariectomized XX and XO mice. This is the first study to investigate the role of sex chromosome dosage in the response to cerebral ischemia. Neither the number of X chromosomes nor the parent of origin of the remaining X chromosome had a significant effect on the degree of cerebral infarction after experimental stroke in adult female mice. Estrogen was protective against cerebral ischemia in both XX and XO mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
authors.forename: L Christine
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Turtzo
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Louise D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053331:Ectodysplasins / Q000235:genetics; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009006:Monosomy; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013045:Species Specificity; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053331:Ectodysplasins; C506019:Eda protein, mouse; D004967:Estrogens; C561966:PAF protein, mouse