title: Surface thermodynamics of mucoadhesive dry powder formulation  of zolmitriptan.
abstract: Microparticle powders for nasal delivery were formulated to contain the model drug, zolmitriptan, and varying proportions of different polymers. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of these formulative parameters on the surface chemistry of the spray-dried microparticles and their potential for adhesion to the tested substrates, porcine mucin, and nasal tissue. The polymers used were chitosans of varying ionization states and molecular weights and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The surface energies of the surfaces of the microparticles were determined using contact angle measurements and the van Oss model. The theory of surface thermodynamics was applied to determine the theoretical potential for the different materials to adhere to the substrates. It was found that the drug or polymers alone, as well as the various formulations, were more likely to adhere to mucin than to nasal tissue. Further, there was a trend for higher molecular weight chitosans to adhere better to the substrates than lower molecular weight chitosans. Similarly, adhesion was improved for formulations with a higher content of polymers. These theoretical predictions may be compared with further experimental results and be of use in making informed decisions on the choice of formulations for future expensive bio-studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alhalaweh
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilinska
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gavini
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rassu
authors.forename: Sitaram P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Velaga
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011208:Powders; D058825:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D009077:Mucins; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D011208:Powders; D058825:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists; D014363:Tryptamines; C089750:zolmitriptan; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose; D048271:Chitosan