title: Effects of physical activity on teen smoking cessation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the influence of physical activity on teen smoking-cessation outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teens (N = 233; 14-19 years of age) from West Virginia high schools who smoked >1 cigarette in the previous 30 days were included. High schools with >300 students were selected randomly and assigned to brief intervention (BI), Not on Tobacco (N-O-T) (a proven teen cessation program), or N-O-T plus a physical activity module (N-O-T+FIT). Quit rates were determined 3 and 6 months after baseline by using self-classified and 7-day point prevalence quit rates, and carbon monoxide validation was obtained at the 3-month follow-up evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trends for observed and imputed self-classified and 7-day point prevalence rates indicated that teens in the N-O-T+FIT group had significantly higher cessation rates compared with those in the N-O-T and BI groups. Effect sizes were large. Overall, girls quit more successfully with N-O-T compared with BI (relative risk [RR]: >∞) 3 months after baseline, and boys responded better to N-O-T+FIT than to BI (RR: 2-3) or to N-O-T (RR: 1-2). Youths in the N-O-T+FIT group, compared with those in the N-O-T group, had greater likelihood of cessation (RR: 1.48) at 6 months. The control group included an unusually large proportion of participants in the precontemplation stage at enrollment, but there were no significant differences in outcomes between BI and N-O-T (z = 0.94; P = .17) or N-O-T+FIT (z = 1.12; P = .13) participants in the precontemplation stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding physical activity to N-O-T may enhance cessation success, particularly among boys.
authors.affiliation: West Virginia Prevention Research Center and Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, and Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. khorn@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Geri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dino
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Branstetter
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noerachmanto
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014903:West Virginia