title: Immunity and tolerance to infections in experimental hematopoietic transplantation.
abstract: Resistance and tolerance are two types of host defense mechanisms that increase fitness in response to fungi. Several genetic polymorphisms in pattern recognition receptors, most remarkably Toll-like receptors (TLRs), have been described to influence resistance and tolerance to aspergillosis in distinct clinical settings. TLRs on dendritic cells pivotally contribute in determining the balance between immunopathology and protective immunity to the fungus. Epithelial cells also contribute to this balance via selected TLRs converging on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Studies in experimental hematopoietic transplantation confirmed the dichotomy of pathways leading to resistance and tolerance to the fungus providing new insights on the relative contribution of the hematopoietic/nonhematopoietic compartments.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Agostinho
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Luigina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors