title: [The rheumatic hand - diagnostics in practice].
abstract: Many rheumatic diseases show changes and are visible in the hands. The pattern of distribution in the relevant joints, soft-tissue changes, skin manifestations, neurological and vascular symptoms and clinical findings provide fundamental information. Imaging and lab results provide diagnostic support. In this review, common diseases are presented in terms of their clinical expressions in the hands: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis/polymyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, we discuss pathological findings of the hands as a result of diabetic cheiroarthropathia, endocarditis, secondary hypertrophic osteo-arthropathy and chronic regional pain syndrom.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Zürich. rheumatichand@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Micheroli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kyburz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciurea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamborrini
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D015210:Arthritis, Gouty / Q000175:diagnosis; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis; D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000175:diagnosis; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis; D002805:Chondrocalcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000473:pathology; D006227:Hand Deformities, Acquired / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000473:pathology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014463:Ultrasonography