title: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T1a renal tumors is safe and feasible.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some patients with exophytic renal masses less than 4 cm and suboptimal renal function, or a solitary kidney and bilateral renal tumors are considered for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), which is feasible for early-stage renal tumors, although it is still considered technically difficult and time consuming. Shortening the time of the operation and renal warm ischemia are required urgently. In this study, we report our initial experiences of LPN, especially with some improved surgical techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2005 and October 2009, 74 patients with T(1a) renal tumor were treated by LPN, 39 using transperitoneal approach and 35 using retroperitoneal approach. In all cases, the tumor was removed with a margin of 0.5 cm. We compared glomerular filtration rate (GFR) preoperatively and postoperatively, and renal warm ischemia time between traditional ligature and Hem-o-lok methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were completed successfully, and there was no conversion to open surgery. Mean operation time was 76 minutes (range, 68 - 120), mean time of renal warm ischemia was 23 minutes (range, 15 - 32), and mean blood loss was 65 ml (range, 40 - 300). No hemorrhage or urine leak was observed in two cases with the collecting system sewn. Thirteen cases used Hem-o-lok to clamp the suture instead of traditional ligature, and mean time of renal warm ischemia was (16.5 ± 2.3) minutes (range, 12 - 18). Mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.3 days (range, 5 - 12). Sixty-seven cases had renal clear cell carcinoma, six papillary renal cell carcinoma, and one renal collecting duct carcinoma. All the tumor margin specimens were negative. The mean follow-up was 30.6 months (range, 3 - 51), and no recurrence or metastasis was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LPN for pT(1) stage renal tumor was safe and feasible. Hem-o-lok instead of traditional ligature to clamp the suture when sewing the renal wound could shorten the warm ischemia time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen-li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chun-hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ji-tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: De-kang
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing-xia
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome