title: Glyceollin-containing fermented soybeans improve glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our previous in vitro study demonstrated that glyceollins help normalize glucose homeostasis by potentiating β-cell function and survival in insulinoma cells as well as improving glucose utilization in adipocytes. Here, we investigated whether fermented soybeans containing glyceollins had an antidiabetic action in type 2 diabetic animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diabetic mice, their diabetes induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (20 mg/kg bw), were administered a high fat diet with no soybeans (control), 10% unfermented soybeans and 10% fermented soybeans containing glyceollins, respectively, (FSG) for 8 weeks. As positive controls, rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/bw) was given to diabetic mice fed a no soybean diet and non-diabetic mice were also placed on the same diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the diabetic mice, FSG-treated mice exhibited the lowest peak for blood glucose levels with an elevation of serum insulin levels during the first part of oral glucose tolerance testing. FSG also made blood glucose levels drop quickly after the peak and it decreased blood glucose levels more than the control during insulin tolerance testing. This improvement was associated with increased hepatic glycogen accumulation and decreased triglyceride storage. The phosphorylation of Akt, AMP-kinase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the liver was potentiated by FSG, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression decreased. The enhancement of glucose homeostasis was comparable to the effect induced by rosiglitazone, a commercial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, but it did not match the level of glucose homeostasis in the non-diabetic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glyceollin-containing FSG improves glucose homeostasis, partly by enhancing hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering College of Natural Science, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea. smpark@hoseo.edu
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Da Sol
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000178:diet therapy*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005285:Fermentation; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000819:agonists; D010766:Phosphorylation; D036343:Pterocarpans / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D036343:Pterocarpans; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; C017343:glyceollin; D006003:Glycogen