title: Nausea and vomiting perspectives among children receiving moderate to highly emetogenic chemotherapy treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are common adverse effects, but occurrences among pediatric oncology patients are not well documented.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim was to describe anticipatory, acute, and delayed CINV among children with cancer from the child's, caregiver's, and nurse's perspective. A secondary aim evaluates the correlation of CINV among the child's, caregiver's, and nurse's perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  CINV perspectives were evaluated before, during, and after a single course of highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. CINV were evaluated among 40 pediatric cancer patients using the Adapted Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting for Pediatrics, among their caregivers using the Adapted Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting for Parents, and among their nurses using the National Cancer Institute Nausea and Vomiting Grading Criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CINV were reported by the patient, caregiver, and nurse at all times, with the most frequent reports occurring in the delayed period. Patient's mean total nausea and vomiting scores increased significantly over time. Patient reports of anticipatory, acute, and delayed CINV correlated with caregiver and nurse reports except for anticipatory nausea between the nurse and patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CINV occurred throughout the chemotherapy course, with delayed CINV occurring most frequently and with greater severity and distress. Caregiver CINV reports correlated closely with patient reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses need to be aware of the frequency, severity, and distress of CINV throughout the chemotherapy regimen. CINV can occur before and after chemotherapy treatment and should be assessed so that appropriate interventions can be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, USA. ccrodger@txch.org
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kollar
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gregurich
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hockenberry
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009737:Nursing Records; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D013997:Time Factors; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents