title: Mycobacterium chimaera pulmonary infection complicating cystic fibrosis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycobacterium chimaera is a recently described species within the Mycobacterium avium complex. Its pathogenicity in respiratory tract infection remains disputed. It has never been isolated during cystic fibrosis respiratory tract infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year-old boy of Asian ethnicity who was born on Réunion Island presented to our hospital with cystic fibrosis after a decline in his respiratory function over the course of seven years. We found that the decline in his respiratory function was correlated with the persistent presence of a Mycobacterium avium complex organism further identified as M. chimaera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using sequencing-based methods of identification, we observed that M. chimaera organisms contributed equally to respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis when compared with M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates. We believe that M. chimaera should be regarded as an emerging opportunistic respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis, including young children, and that its detection warrants long-lasting appropriate anti-mycobacterial treatment to eradicate it.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, CNRS-UMR 6236, IRD 198, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille cedex 5, France. michel.drancourt@univmed.fr.
authors.forename: Stéphan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen-Bacrie
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stremler
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dubus
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rolain
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drancourt