title: An exploratory study on CLU, CR1 and PICALM and Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent GWAS and subsequent confirmation studies reported several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the CLU, CR1 and PICALM loci in association with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Parkinson disease (PD) shares several clinical and pathologic characteristics with AD; we therefore explored whether these SNPs were also associated with PD risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  791 non-Hispanic Whites cases and 1,580 matched controls were included in the study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from logistic regression models. rs11136000 at the CLU locus was associated with PD risk under the recessive model (comparing TT versus CC+CT: OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55-0.92, p = 0.008) after adjusting for year of birth, gender, smoking, and caffeine intake. Further adjustment for family history of PD and ApoE ε4 status did not change the result. In addition, we did not find evidence for effect modification by ApoE or known PD risk factors. The association, however, appeared to be stronger for PD with dementia (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.91) than for PD without dementia (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.06). The two other SNPs, rs6656401 from CR1, and rs3851179 from PICALM region were not associated with PD (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our exploratory analysis suggests an association of CLU with PD. This exploratory finding and the role of dementia in explaining this finding needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yikyung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hollenbeck
authors.forename: Honglei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051152:Clusterin / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D034041:Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017463:Receptors, Complement 3b / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C509991:CR1 protein, human; D051152:Clusterin; D034041:Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins; C439003:PICALM protein, human; D017463:Receptors, Complement 3b