title: The role of proprioception in the consolidation of ipsilateral 1Hz-rTMS effects on motor performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present work is to investigate whether the longlasting effect of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (ipsiM1) 1Hz-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1Hz-rTMS) on motor performance can be modulated by subsequent engagement of the sensorimotor system through muscle vibration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one subjects were divided into three groups: MOVEMENT group performed the 1min-finger opposition task before (PRE), immediately after (POST0), 15min (POST15) and 30min after (POST30) the 1Hz-rTMS on ipsiM1; the REST and VIBRATION groups performed the finger opposition task only at PRE and POST30. However, in the VIBRATION group at POST0 and POST15 the right flexor carpi radialis (FCR) was vibrated for 1min. Motor performance was recorded at PRE and POST30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MOVEMENT and VIBRATION groups showed at POST30 similar and significant changes in motor performance. A decrease in movement time and an increase in touch duration with no change in the ability to follow the metronome cue were observed. Motor performance did not change in the REST group at POST30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that vibration of FCR can interact with rTMS cortical effects in a similar way to the voluntary movement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscle vibration might be used in a rehabilitative setting to consolidate rTMS effects in patients with sensory pathways preserved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avanzino
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tacchino
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bove
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D014732:Vibration