title: Technical note: viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) somite embryos.
abstract: The feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (Cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (PGC) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled PGC were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 M cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 M cryoprotectant and 0.5 M sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). Embryonic cells that were pretreated for 30 min and vitrified for 20 min with ethylene glycol had the greatest rate of survival of embryonic cells (68.6%; P < 0.01), an optimal highest percentage of viable PGC (73.8 to 74.9%; P < 0.05), and no evidence of ice formation after thawing. The vitrified/thawed PGC were transplanted into blastula-stage embryos from goldfish (Carassius auratus). The PGC maintained their motility and moved to the gonadal ridge of the host embryo. Thus, the combination of vitrification and transplantation to produce germ-line chimeras is a powerful tool for the artificial production of next-generation offspring.
authors.affiliation: Nanae Fresh Water Laboratory, Field Science Center of Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nanae, Hokkaido 041-1105, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goto-Kazeto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamaha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000196:embryology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents