title: Drug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 isolates from patients failing antiretroviral therapy in Morocco.
abstract: The emergence of viral-resistant strains is a major problem for the medical management of HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize viral subtypes and drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-1 isolates from patients failing antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 45 HIV-1-infected patients failing ART were enrolled. The viral RT and Prot genes were amplified and sequenced to determine subtypes and potential DRMs. The subtype distribution was 74% subtype B, 11% subtype A, 9% CRF02-AG, 4% subtype G, and 2% subtype C. Virus samples from 34% of the patients had no DRM while 53%, 27%, and 2% of samples carried at least one DRM conferring resistance to drugs of one, two, or three classes, respectively. DRMs were observed in 50% of the patients infected with non-B strains. The prevalence of nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations was 48%, M184V being largely predominant. The prevalence of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations was 13%, with K103N present in 57% of samples from NNRTIs-exposed patients. The prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) mutations was 22%, with major mutations V82A and M46I seen in 16% and 11% of viruses from PI-exposed individuals, respectively. Our study shows the emergence of DRMs in HIV-1 isolates from Moroccan patients failing ART. Although not surprising, the data plead for longitudinal surveys of the dynamics of emergence of DRMs (with a focus on multidrug resistance) in treated patients and circulation of resistant HIV-1 strains in this country.
authors.affiliation: Université Mohammed V Souissi, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco. hichamelannaz@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Annaz
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Recordon-Pinson
authors.forename: Rida
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tagajdid
authors.forename: Toufik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doblali
authors.forename: Bouchra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Belefquih
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oumakhir
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sedrati
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mrani
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fleury
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco; D009154:Mutation; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents