title: Use of penicillin and other antibiotics and risk of multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study.
abstract: A 2006 study from the United Kingdom found that penicillin use may decrease the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). To confirm this finding, the authors conducted a nationwide case-control study in Denmark, using the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry to identify 3,259 patients with MS onset from 1996 to 2008, and selected 10 population controls per case (n = 32,590), matched on sex and age. Through the National Prescription Database, prescriptions for antibiotics redeemed from 1995 to 2008 and before the date of first MS symptom/index date were identified. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios associating antibiotic use with MS occurrence. In total, 1,922 patients (59%) redeemed penicillin prescriptions before the index date and 2,292 (70%) redeemed any type of antibiotic prescription. Penicillin use was associated with an increased risk of MS (odds ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.27). Use of any type of antibiotic was similarly associated with an increased risk of MS (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 1.53). The odds ratios for different types of antibiotics ranged between 1.08 and 1.83. Thus, this study found that penicillin use and use of other antibiotics were similarly associated with increased risk of MS, suggesting that the underlying infections may be causally associated with MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. m.noergaard@rn.dk
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nørgaard
authors.forename: Rikke Beck
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Jacob Bonde
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Jaimie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gradus
authors.forename: Egon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stenager
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koch-Henriksen
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lash
authors.forename: Henrik Toft
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins