title: Congenital hydrocephalus associated with myeloschisis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neural tube defects (NTDs) can be divided into two main groups, one being open NTDs wherein visible neural tissue and cerebrospinal fluid leakage are present and the other, closed NTDs without exposed neural tissue and no drainage of CSF.
  
  
  METHODS
  This communication is devoted to open NTDs that can be further subdivided into myelomeningoceles, myeloschisis, and hemimyelomeningoceles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Common to all these is the loss of CSF during fetal development that leads to an extensive malformation of the central nervous system with hydrocephalus being a frequent feature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The only known difference between a newborn with myelomeningocele versus a newborn with myeloschisis is the initial presence (myelomeningocele) or absence (myeloschisis) of a cystic component with the overall clinical picture the same for these two forms of open neural tube defects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeelani
authors.forename: J Gordon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McComb
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000150:complications* / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology