title: Nanocarriers for vascular delivery of antioxidants.
abstract: Antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) detoxify harmful reactive oxygen species, but the therapeutic utility of AOEs is hindered by inadequate delivery. AOE modification by poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) and encapsulation in PEG-coated liposomes increases the AOE bioavailability and enhances protective effects in animal models. Pluronic-based micelles formed with AOEs show even more potent protective effects. Furthermore, polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) based on PEG-copolymers protect encapsulated AOEs from proteolysis and improve delivery to the target cells, such as the endothelium lining the vascular lumen. Antibodies to endothelial determinants conjugated to AOEs or AOE carriers provide targeting and intracellular delivery. Targeted liposomes, protein conjugates and magnetic nanoparticles deliver AOEs to sites of vascular oxidative stress in the cardiovascular, pulmonary and nervous systems. Further advances in nanodevices for AOE delivery will provide a basis for the translation of this approach in the clinical domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.forename: Paritosh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wattamwar
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dziubla
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muzykantov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002374:Catalase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase