title: Lung volumes used during speech breathing in tracheoesophageal speakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine how tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers manipulate lung volumes to meet speech demands and how respiratory compromise (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) and task variables influence these behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lung volumes of 9 male TE speakers (4 with COPD, 5 without) during tidal breathing, spontaneous speech, and reading were investigated. Repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare lung volumes and utterance length across speech tasks and by respiratory health. A one-way analysis of variance was used to compare aerodynamic measures and intelligibility by COPD diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant main effect of task and a significant interaction effect of COPD and task on lung volumes at initiation and termination of speech. The TE speakers terminated speech exclusively below the resting expiratory level (REL) in both speech tasks because of elevated RELs, which are often present after laryngectomy. There were no main effects of COPD on any lung volume measures and no significant group differences in utterance length, aerodynamic measures, or intelligibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intelligibility and aerodynamic measures were not influenced by lung volumes and were comparable to findings of previous research. Speaking past the REL might be a compensation to optimize expiratory control for speech in a compromised system and a marker for the increased effort often anecdotally described by TE speakers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bohnenkamp
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Bernice K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Klaben
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stager
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012119:Respiration; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013072:Speech, Esophageal; D014833:Voice Quality