title: Evaluation of chemical interactions of maleic acid with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system necessitates the use of combination of irrigating solutions to enhance their antimicrobial property. The combination of irrigants and their interaction sometimes could be detrimental to the outcome of the root canal therapy. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the interaction between 7% maleic acid (MA) and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHX) and to find out the availability of individual irrigant and (2) to determine the free available chlorine content when 7% MA was mixed with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interaction between MA and CHX was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Available chlorine content in NaOCl was evaluated by the standard iodine/thiosulfate titration method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was observed that more than 90% free MA and CHX were available when MA was combined with CHX. It was also observed that there was no precipitate formation when 7% MA was mixed with 2% CHX. Available chlorine content decreased significantly in the MA/NaOCl mixture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no adverse interactions or precipitate formation observed when MA was combined with CHX, but the available chlorine content was reduced when NaOCl was mixed with MA.
authors.affiliation: Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. drballal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nidambur Vasudev
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Ballal
authors.forename: Sudheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moorkoth
authors.forename: Kundabala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mala
authors.forename: Kadengodlu Seetharama
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Syed Sajjad
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hussen
authors.forename: Shriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
mesh_terms: D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D008298:Maleates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D002713:Chlorine; C030272:maleic acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine