title: Effectiveness of short-term heat acclimation for highly trained athletes.
abstract: Effectiveness of short-term acclimation has generally been undertaken using untrained and moderately-trained participants. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of short-term (5-day) heat acclimation on highly trained athletes. Eight males (mean ± SD age 21.8 ± 2.1 years, mass 75.2 ± 4.6 kg, VO(2peak) 4.9 ± 0.2 L min(-1) and power output 400 ± 27 W) were heat acclimated under controlled hyperthermia (rectal temperature 38.5 °C), for 90-min on five consecutive days (T(a) = 39.5 °C, 60% relative humidity). Acclimation was undertaken with dehydration (no fluid-intake) during daily bouts. Participants completed a rowing-specific, heat stress test (HST) 1 day before and after acclimation (T(a) = 35 °C, 60% relative humidity). HST consisted 10-min rowing at 30% peak power output (PPO), 10 min at 60% PPO and 5-min rest before a 2-km performance test, without feedback cues. Participants received 250 mL fluid (4% carbohydrate; osmolality 240-270 mmol kg(-1)) before the HST. Body mass loss during acclimation bouts was 1.6 ± 0.3 kg (2.1%) on day 1 and 2.3 ± 0.4 kg (3.0%) on day 5. In contrast, resting plasma volume increased by 4.5 ± 4.5% from day 1 to 5 (estimated from [Hb] & Hct). Plasma aldosterone increased at rest (52.6 pg mL(-1); p = 0.03) and end-exercise (162.4 pg mL(-1); p = 0.00) from day 1 to 5 acclimation. During the HST T(re) and f(c) were lowered 0.3 °C (p = 0.00) and 14 b min(-1) (p = 0.00) after 20-min exercise. The 2-km performance time (6.52.7 min) improved by 4 s (p = 0.00). Meaningful physiological and performance improvements occurred for highly trained athletes using a short-term (5-day) heat acclimation under hyperthermia control, with dehydration.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. andrewgarrett45@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Creasy
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rehrer
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cotter
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood*; D056352:Athletes; D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003681:Dehydration / Q000209:etiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005334:Fever / Q000503:physiopathology; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010953:Plasma Volume; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone