title: High prevalence of intermediate-risk human papillomavirus infection in uterine cervices of Kenyan women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate an association between certain human papillomavirus (HPV) types and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Sexually active females (n = 487; 19-61 years old) were enrolled in the study. Subjects underwent Pap testing and evaluations of HIV and HPV infection status on uterine cervical cell samples. HPV genotyping was performed using a Kurabo GeneSQUARE DNA microarray test. Overall, 23 HPV genotypes were detected, and the most prevalent HPV genotype was HPV-52, followed by HPV-39, -54, -45, -56, -53, -31, -42, -16, -68, and -51. HPV-30, -53, -54, -61, and -66, which are associated with abnormal cytology, are categorized as intermediate-risk in this study. Detection of both high- and intermediate-risk HPV types was significantly associated with cervical abnormality and HIV infection. Multivariate analysis revealed that some high-risk HPV types (HPV-31, -45, -51, -56, and -59) and most intermediate-risk HPV types were associated with HIV infection, while the high-risk types (HPV-16, -18, -33, -35, -39, -52, -58, and -68) were not. The oncogenic effect of the most malignant HPV types (e.g., HPV-16 and -18) appear to be lower, while that of intermediate-risk types are greater, in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Mosfequr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasagawa
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kingoro
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makinoda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D014626:Vaginal Smears