title: Prevalence and risk indicators of depressed mood in on-reserve first nations youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The first objective was to determine the prevalence of depressive mood in First Nations youth in school grades 5 through 8 in seven on-reserve communities. The second objective was to determine the unadjusted and adjusted risk indicators associated with depressed mood in these youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students in grades 5 through 8 in the seven reserve communities of the Saskatoon Tribal Council were asked to complete a paper and pencil, comprehensive youth health survey in May 2010. An eight-stage consent protocol was followed prior to participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 271 students eligible to participate, 204 youth completed the survey for a response rate of 75.3%. Using the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression scale, 25% of the youth had moderate depressive symptoms. After cross-tabulation, 1 socioeconomic variable, 10 social variables, 3 social support variables, 1 self-esteem variable, 5 parental relationship variables and 3 bullying variables were associated with depressed mood. Logistic regression was used to determine four independent risk indicators associated with having depressed mood in First Nations youth, including: 1) not having worked through things that happened during childhood, 2) not having someone who shows love and affection, 3) having a lot of arguments with parents and 4) being physically bullied at least once per week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study found high rates of depressed mood in on-reserve First Nations youth. These youth are now at increased risk for problems later in life unless successful interventions can be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK. mark.lemstra@usask.ca
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lemstra
authors.forename: Marla R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Adam T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Redgate
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tempier
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moraros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012525:Saskatchewan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors