title: [Effects of cigarette smoking on embryo implantation and placentation and analysis of factors interfering with cigarette smoke effects (Part II)].
abstract: Cigarette smoking is associated with lower fecundity rate, adverse reproductive outcomes and higher risk of IVF failure. Over the last decades, prevalence of smoking among women of reproductive age has increased. The aim of this work was first to focus on the knowledge of the effects of cigarette smoking on reproductive stages and particularly on implantation process and early placentation. Human clinical and experimental studies were analysed in order to find hypothesis and explanations for the effects observed. Then, our second aim was to analyse which factors could influence smoke effects. We observed that smoke compounds induce impairment of endometrial maturation, disturb angiogenesis and trophoblastic invasion. Cigarette compounds also impair uterine and endometrial vascularisation and myometrial relaxation. These effects lead to implantation failure in IVF and higher risk of miscarriage. Many factors influence the effects of cigarette smoke, as smoke behaviour, dose and duration of exposition. Sidestream is also damaging on reproductive function. Prenatal exposure leads to irreversible and deleterious effects on ovarian reserve. These observations need to be confirmed in order to improve health care in women of reproductive age.
authors.affiliation: Département de médecine et de biologie de la reproduction, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, 371 avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, Montpellier cedex 5, France. clodechanet@gmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dechanet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anahory
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamamah
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dechaud
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D010929:Placentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution