title: Possible new targets for GPCR modulation: allosteric interactions, plasma membrane domains, intercellular transfer and epigenetic mechanisms.
abstract: It has been estimated that at least 50% of the drugs available on the market act on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and most of these are basically or agonists or antagonists of this type of receptors. Herein, we propose new putative targets for drug development based on recent data on GPCR allosterism and on the existence of receptor mosaics (RMs). The main target for drug development is still GPCRs, but the focus is not the orthosteric binding pocket. According to the mosaic model of the plasma membrane, we mainly discuss the possibility of indirect modulatory pharmacological actions on expression/function of GPCRs. In particular, the following two new targets will be analyzed: a) The possibility of pharmacological interventions on the roamer-type of volume transmission (VT), which allow the intercellular transfer of set of signal molecules such as GPCRs, tetraspanins and ribonucleic acids. Thus, there is the possibility of pharmacological interventions on the decoding capabilities of neurons and/or glial cells by means of an action on composition and release of micro-vesicles. b) The possibility of pharmacological interventions on epigenetic mechanisms by taking into account their inter-relationships with GPCRs. As a matter of fact, there are epigenetic changes that are characteristic of periods of developmental plasticity that could provide a target for therapeutic intervention in the event of brain damage. We believe that almost all the biochemical knowledge presently available on GPCRs can be used in the development of these new pharmacological approaches.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS San Camillo, Lido VE, Italy. luigiagnati@tin.it
authors.forename: Luigi Francesco
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Agnati
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guidolin
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guescini
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pizzi
authors.forename: Vilberto
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stocchi
authors.forename: Pier Francesco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghidoni
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciruela
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genedani
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuxe
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D015195:Drug Design; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000737:chemistry*; D059470:Tetraspanins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D059470:Tetraspanins