title: Epigenetic factors influencing resistance to nuclear reprogramming.
abstract: Patient-specific somatic cell reprogramming is likely to have a large impact on medicine by providing a source of cells for disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Several strategies can be used to reprogram cells, yet they are generally characterised by a low reprogramming efficiency, reflecting the remarkable stability of the differentiated state. Transcription factors, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNAs can increase the efficiency of reprogramming. However, the success of nuclear reprogramming is limited by epigenetic mechanisms that stabilise the state of gene expression in somatic cells and thereby resist efficient reprogramming. We review here the factors that influence reprogramming efficiency, especially those that restrict the natural reprogramming mechanisms of eggs and oocytes. We see this as a step towards understanding the mechanisms by which nuclear reprogramming takes place.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, The Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pasque
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jullien
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Halley-Stott
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gurdon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic