title: In vivo imaging of epileptic activity using 2-NBDG, a fluorescent deoxyglucose analog.
abstract: Accurately locating epileptic foci has great importance in advancing the treatment of epilepsy. In this study, epileptic seizures were first induced by intracortical injection of 4-aminopyridine in rats. A fluorescent deoxyglucose substitute, 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG), was then continuously injected via the tail vein. Brain glucose metabolism was subsequently monitored by fluorescence imaging of 2-NBDG. The initial uptake rate of 2-NBDG at the injection site of 4-aminopyridine significantly exceeded that of the control injection site, which indicated local hypermetabolism induced by seizures. Our results show that 2-NBDG can be used for localizing epileptic foci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. vtsytsar@gmu.edu
authors.forename: Vassiliy
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsytsarev
authors.forename: Konstantin I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Maslov
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Archana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Parameswar
authors.forename: Alexei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Demchenko
authors.forename: Lihong V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000633:toxicity; D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003292:Convulsants / Q000633:toxicity; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003292:Convulsants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D009327:4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan; D005947:Glucose; C098340:2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose