title: Repeated white light transurethral resection of the bladder in nonmuscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancers: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), the first step in treatment of patients with urothelial bladder cancers, is limited by technicalities, surgeon skill, and random chance. When high-risk superficial diseases are discovered, a repeated TURB is indicated. We reviewed current literature and performed a meta-analysis of the role of repeated TURB in the management of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, EBSCO, EMBASE, and Biomed Central databases were searched for reports in English from 1980 to June 2010. The end point was prevalence of persistent urothelial bladder cancer of any stage and grade at repeated TURB, assessed separately for T(a) and T(1) lesions at TURB. Persistence was presence at repeated TURB of same or lower stage cancer as at TURB; upstaging was presence of higher stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 2327 original articles and 562 reviews retrieved. Data from 15 studies were pooled and analyzed. Prevalence of T(1) was reported in all and of T(a) in 8. Persistence rate prevalence at repeated TURB was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.26 to 0.54) for T(a) and 0.47 (95% CI=0.41 to 0.53) for T(1). Persistence was 19.4% to 56% and 15.2% to 55%, and upstaging occurred in 0% to 14.3% of T(a) and 0% to 24.4% of T(1) at repeated TURB, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High percentages of persistence and upstaging confirm a repeated TURB is needed in patients with high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Further investigation is encouraged taking risk stratification into consideration to evaluate the role of repeated TURB in low- and mid- risk diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health, Urology Section, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy. alberto.vianello@unipg.it
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vianello
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Zingaro
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Herr
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porena
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D009132:Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D015995:Prevalence; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*