title: The historical development of Chinese group callisthenics.
abstract: The history of Chinese group callisthenics can be traced back to the Tang (618-907) and Song (960-1279) dynasties. Modern callisthenics was brought to China in the Republic of China Era (1912-49) and developed rapidly in the People's Republic of China Era (1949 to the present). Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949, group callisthenics has developed in five stages: the formation of systemisation, the breakthrough, the multiple development and the comprehensive development. Today, Chinese group callisthenics has become world-famous and has continued its development from its own system and style.
authors.affiliation: South China Normal University, China.
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuanrou
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xuexin
authors.forename: Wu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xin
mesh_terms: D000884:Anthropology, Cultural / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000523:psychology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000266:history / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D012924:Social Conditions / Q000266:history; D013177:Sports / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology