title: Preventive and therapeutic effects of caffeic acid against inflammatory injury in striatum of MPTP-treated mice.
abstract: Preventive or therapeutic effects of caffeic acid in brain of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treated mice against inflammatory injury were examined. Caffeic acid at 0.5, 1 or 2% was supplied either pre-intake or post-intake for 4 weeks. Brain caffeic acid content was increased by caffeic acid pre-intake at 1 and 2%, and post-intake at 2% (P < 0.05). MPTP treatment enhanced the release of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.05). Pre-intake of caffeic acid decreased the production of test cytokines (P < 0.05); however, post-intake only at 2% reduced the level of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha (P < 0.05). MPTP treatment up-regulated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neuronal NOS, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) (P < 0.05). Caffeic acid pre-intake at test doses and post-intake at 2% declined the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and GFAP; and lowered the production of NO and PGE₂ (P < 0.05). MPTP treatment suppressed mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and lowered dopamine level (P < 0.05). Caffeic acid pre-intake retained the expression of these factors, maintained TH activity and protein production, and dopamine synthesis (P < 0.05). These results suggest that caffeic acid is a potent neuroprotective agent against the development of Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-jei
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Che-yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Mei-chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016207:Cytokines; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; C040048:caffeic acid