title: Assessing university students' self-efficacy to employ alcohol-related harm reduction strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Develop and evaluate key psychometric properties of a self-report questionnaire specifically designed to assess student drinkers' self-confidence to employ a variety of strategies intended to reduce unhealthy consequences of high-risk drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred ninety-eight participants rated their confidence (from "not at all confident" to "completely confident") to employ 17 harm reduction strategies when drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis and internal consistency reliability analyses indicated that the 17 items constitute a single scale with good test-retest reliability. Consistent with other research examining previous use of such strategies, women in our sample reported significantly higher harm reduction self-efficacy than did men. Harm reduction self-efficacy was also associated with reported number of high-risk drinking episodes in the previous 2 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This brief and easily administered questionnaire holds promise as a clinical tool to identify individuals with low harm reduction self-efficacy and as an outcome measure for health promotion and educational interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA. hrosenb@bgsu.edu
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Bonar
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kryszak
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Shane W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Lisham
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashrafioun
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Bannon
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavlick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D040241:Social Marketing; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*