title: Significant associations among hemostatic parameters, adipokines, and components of the metabolic syndrome in Japanese preschool children.
abstract: Development of cardiovascular diseases could originate in early childhood. However, reference values of hemostatic parameters and adipokines in preschool children remain to be explored. We measured blood levels of adipokines and parameters of the hemostatic/fibrinolytic systems in 167 healthy children aged 4 to 6 years at 9:00 to 10:30 am after a strictly enforced overnight fast. Participants with body mass index (BMI) values ≥90th percentile had significantly higher values of systolic blood pressure and heart rate, as well as blood levels of insulin, coagulation factor (F) VII, FX, protein S, leptin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower values of desacyl-ghrelin than children with BMI < 90th percentile. Circulating levels of fibrinogen and leptin increased with increased number of cardiovascular risk factors. Stepwise regression analysis identified many hematological variables to be associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. The results implicated the hemostatic/fibrinolytic system or adipokines in the insidious progression of cardiovascular diseases from an early age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. hhorigom@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horigome
authors.forename: Yasutomi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sumazaki
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D017668:Age of Onset; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid; D000410:Alanine Transaminase