title: Safety review: dose optimization of somatostatin analogs in patients with acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with either acromegaly or neuroendocrine tumors (NET) can be treated with somatostatin analogs to relieve symptoms and improve disease control. However, there is an absence of large clinical trials specifically designed to document the safety when increases in somatostatin analog dosing are needed in patients who do not achieve their treatment goals. To fully explore and communicate any potential risks, we conducted a literature review and present a summary of the studies documenting the safety and tolerability of dose optimization with somatostatin analogs in patients with acromegaly and NET.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was undertaken to find clinical studies specifically reporting the effects of dose titration using the depot formulations of the somatostatin analogs, octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) or lanreotide, in patients with acromegaly and NET.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Publications that described the treatment and management of patients with acromegaly and NET were reviewed. The rationale for dose optimization, including high-dose treatment in patients who are inadequately controlled on conventional doses and the safety and tolerability of somatostatin analogs, is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A review of published clinical studies demonstrates that dose optimization provides additional biochemical control in patients with acromegaly and NET who are inadequately controlled with conventional starting doses of octreotide LAR and lanreotide ATG. The benefits of dose optimization include improved efficacy without a significant change in the recorded adverse events and the tolerability of the treatment. Therefore, patient response to treatment should be routinely monitored and their somatostatin analog dose increased or decreased thereafter according to their individual response.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Pituitary Center, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ludlam
authors.forename: Lowell
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anthony
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C060347:lanreotide; D013004:Somatostatin; D015282:Octreotide