title: Surgical results in patients with pulmonary atresia-major aortopulmonary collaterals in association with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary atresia and major aortopulmonary collaterals (PA/MAPCAs) is a complex form of congenital heart disease. One to two percent of patients with PA/MAPCAs will also have total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). This study summarizes our surgical experience with this rare combination of life-threatening congenital heart defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who had surgery for PA/MAPCAs in association with TAPVC. From November 2001 to March 2011, 9 patients presented with this combination of defects. Eight of the 9 patients had heterotaxy with an unbalanced atrioventricular canal and functional single ventricle. The ninth patient had double outlet right ventricle (two ventricles). Timing of surgical intervention was typically predicated on the degree of pulmonary venous obstruction. The median age at surgery was 14 days. All nine patients had surgical correction of TAPVC, unifocalization of MAPCA's into a central confluence, and placement of a shunt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was one early mortality (< 30 days) and two late mortalities. For the 6 survivors, 5 have subsequently undergone a bidirectional Glenn procedure, and 3 had completion of their Fontan. Two patients are currently at the bidirectional Glenn stage; one is a good candidate for Fontan completion while the other is not suitable. The sixth patient is awaiting further assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PA/MAPCAs, in association with TAPVC, is a challenging combination of defects. The data suggest that the combination of PA/MAPCAs and TAPVC can be undertaken with a reasonable midterm prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital/Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. mainwaring@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mainwaring
authors.forename: V Mohan
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reinhartz
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Punn
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tacy
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery*; D001011:Aorta / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies