title: Two decades of experience in mucormycosis after kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive mucormycosis is a very rare infection after kidney transplantation. Here, we report 25 renal transplant recipients with mucormycosis; to our knowledge, this is the largest reported population of mucormycosis in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, we collected all kidney transplants with mucormycosis from 9 Transplant Centers of Iran from 1990 to 2010. The definitive diagnosis of mucormycosis was established by obtaining a biopsy specimen of the involved tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most form of disease was rhino-cerebral (n =13), followed by pulmonary (n=7). Overall mortality rate was 52% (n=13), particularly in recipients with pulmonary infection (100%); however, the mortality rate in rhino-cerebral form of disease was low (30.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality rate between male and female (P=0.8). In addition, no significant differences were seen in mortality rate with age of patients (p=0.8) and time of diagnosis since transplantation (p=0.3). Pulmonary infection was more seen in recipients received azathioprine compared to those on mycophenolate mofetil (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mucormycosis after renal transplantation has a poor prognosis, particularly patients with pulmonary involvement.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Einollahi
authors.forename: Mahboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lessan-Pezeshki
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aslani
authors.forename: Eghlim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rostami
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ghadiani
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahmadpour
authors.forename: Heshmatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahbazian
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pour-Reza-Gholi
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ghanji
authors.forename: Ammir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Miladipour
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nouri-Majalan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine