title: Sodium alginate oligosaccharides attenuate hypertension and associated kidney damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, the antihypertensive effects of sodium alginate oligosaccharides, enzymatic products of high molecular natural alginate from sea weeds, in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dahl S rats fed a high-salt (4% NaCl) diet were treated with sodium alginate oligosaccharides (4% or 8% w/w) for 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by the tail-cuff method, and hypertensive cardiovascular benefits and kidney damage were assessed. Glomerular function and morphological sclerosis were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBP increased in an age-dependent manner in the untreated Dahl S rats. Sodium alginate oligosaccharide treatment attenuated the increase in SBP in a dose-dependent manner. The heart and aortic walls weighed less in the rats treated with sodium alginate oligosaccharides than in the untreated rats. The SBP reduction was associated with a decrease in urinary protein excretion and an increase in the creatinine clearance rate. Sodium alginate oligosaccharides significantly attenuated hypertensive glomerular sclerosis and arterial injury in the kidney. Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) decreased in low-salt Dahl S rats and increased with a salt challenge. The alginate oligosaccharides decreased FENa in high-salt Dahl S rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that sodium alginate oligosaccharides attenuate salt-induced hypertension in Dahl S rats. This reduction is associated with decreases in cardiovascular and renal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shouko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terakado
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Kie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Numabe
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Itsuki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Murota
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uehara
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D003404:Creatinine