title: Comparison between prenatal ultrasound and postmortem findings in fetuses and infants with developmental anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if postmortem examinations of fetuses and infants change the diagnosis obtained at prenatal ultrasound and affect counseling of future pregnancies, and if there has been a change over recent years in the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective review of 455 autopsies of fetuses and infants with developmental anomalies performed at Trondheim University Hospital between 1995 and 2004 and with a prenatal ultrasound examination performed at a tertiary referral center. The routine ultrasound examinations were performed by specially trained midwives and obstetricians, referral scans by fetal medicine experts and autopsies by consultant pathologists with experience in perinatal pathology. The results of this study were also compared with those of a previous similar study performed between 1985 and 1995, with fetuses and infants coming from the same population and diagnosed at the same center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all cases analyzed during the study period, there was complete agreement between prenatal ultrasound and postmortem findings in 84% (384/455), i.e. prenatal ultrasound diagnoses were supplemented by postmortem examinations in 16% (71/455). Autopsy findings in four of these cases influenced further counseling. There was agreement regarding the main diagnosis in 98% (445/455) of cases. In the previous 10-year period, there was complete agreement in 75% and the main diagnosis was correct in 90% of cases. These differences between the two time periods were statistically significant (P = 0.0004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The most frequent defects involved the central nervous system, heart and urinary tract. For these defects, detection rates for the main diagnoses were significantly better in 1995-2004 compared with in the previous 10-year period (P = 0.0125, P = 0.0111 and P = 0.0241, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of prenatal sonographic detection of developmental anomalies has increased in recent years. However, postmortem examination is still necessary to verify or improve the prenatal diagnosis and may influence future counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. christina.vogt@ntnu.no
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: H-G K
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Blaas
authors.forename: K Å
authors.initials: KÅ
authors.lastname: Salvesen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eik-Nes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007258:Informed Consent; D009664:Norway; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal