title: Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuritogenesis by estradiol: Recent advances.
abstract: This review analyzes the signaling mechanisms activated by estradiol to regulate neuritogenesis in several neuronal populations. Estradiol regulates axogenesis by the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade through estrogen receptor α located in the plasma membrane. In addition, estradiol regulates MAPK signaling via the activation of protein kinase C and by increasing the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase receptor B. Estradiol also interacts with the signaling of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor through estrogen receptor α, modulating the phosphoinositide-3 kinase signaling pathway, which contributes to the stabilization of microtubules. Finally, estradiol modulates dendritogenesis by the inhibition of Notch signaling, by a mechanism that, at least in hippocampal neurons, is mediated by G-protein coupled receptor 30. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neurosteroids'.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arevalo
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Palmero
authors.forename: María Julia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Scerbo
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Acaz-Fonseca
authors.forename: María Julia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cambiasso
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Segura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D004958:Estradiol; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases