title: Characterization, leachability and valorization through combustion of residual chars from gasification of coals with pine.
abstract: This paper presents the study of the combustion of char residues produced during co-gasification of coal with pine with the aim of characterizing them for their potential use for energy. These residues are generally rich in carbon with the presence of other elements, with particular concern for heavy metals and pollutant precursors, depending on the original fuel used. The evaluation of environmental toxicity of the char residues was performed through application of different leaching tests (EN12457-2, US EPA-1311 TCLP and EA NEN 7371:2004). The results showed that the residues present quite low toxicity for some of pollutants. However, depending on the fuel used, possible presence of other pollutants may bring environmental risks. The utilization of these char residues for energy was in this study evaluated, by burning them as a first step pre-treatment prior to landfilling. The thermo-gravimetric analysis and ash fusibility studies revealed an adequate thermochemical behavior, without presenting any major operational risks. Fluidized bed combustion was applied to char residues. Above 700°C, very high carbon conversion ratios were obtained and it seemed that the thermal oxidation of char residues was easier than that of the coals. It was found that the char tendency for releasing SO(2) during its oxidation was lower than for the parent coal, while for NO(X) emissions, the trend was observed to increase NO(X) formation. However, for both pollutants the same control techniques might be applied during char combustion, as for coal. Furthermore, the leachability of ashes resulting from the combustion of char residues appeared to be lower than those produced from direct coal combustion.
authors.affiliation: LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-032 Lisboa, Portugal. margarida.galhetas@lneg.pt
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galhetas
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abelha
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gulyurtlu
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017745:Incineration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D060729:Coal Ash; D005740:Gases; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002244:Carbon