title: Small area estimates reveal high cigarette smoking prevalence in low-income cities of Los Angeles county.
abstract: Los Angeles County has among the lowest smoking rates of large urban counties in the USA. Nevertheless, concerning disparities persist as high smoking prevalence is found among certain subgroups. We calculated adult smoking prevalence in the incorporated cities of Los Angeles County in order to identify cities with high smoking prevalence. The prevalence was estimated by a model-based small area estimation method with utilization of three data sources, including the 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey, the 2000 Census, and the 2007 Los Angeles County Population Estimates and Projection System. Smoking prevalence varied considerably across cities, with a more than fourfold difference between the lowest (5.3%) and the highest prevalence (21.7%). Higher smoking prevalence was generally found in socioeconomically disadvantaged cities. The disparities identified here add another layer of data to our knowledge of the health inequities experienced by low-income urban communities and provide much sought data for local tobacco control. Our study also demonstrates the feasibility of providing credible local estimates of smoking prevalence using the model-based small area estimation method.
authors.affiliation: Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ycui@ph.lacounty.gov
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Susie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lightstone
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teutsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019352:Censuses; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult