title: From RNA-seq to large-scale genotyping - genomics resources for rye (Secale cereale L.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The improvement of agricultural crops with regard to yield, resistance and environmental adaptation is a perpetual challenge for both breeding and research. Exploration of the genetic potential and implementation of genome-based breeding strategies for efficient rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar improvement have been hampered by the lack of genome sequence information. To overcome this limitation we sequenced the transcriptomes of five winter rye inbred lines using Roche/454 GS FLX technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 2.5 million reads were assembled into 115,400 contigs representing a comprehensive rye expressed sequence tag (EST) resource. From sequence comparisons 5,234 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified to develop the Rye5K high-throughput SNP genotyping array. Performance of the Rye5K SNP array was investigated by genotyping 59 rye inbred lines including the five lines used for sequencing, and five barley, three wheat, and two triticale accessions. A balanced distribution of allele frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 was observed. Residual heterozygosity of the rye inbred lines varied from 4.0 to 20.4% with higher average heterozygosity in the pollen compared to the seed parent pool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established sequence and molecular marker resources will improve and promote genetic and genomic research as well as genome-based breeding in rye.
authors.affiliation: Plant Breeding, Technische Universität München, Centre of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Grit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haseneyer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmutzer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Ruonan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascher
authors.forename: Chris-Carolin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taudien
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Klaus Fx
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005787:Gene Frequency; D018745:Genome, Plant; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D012434:Secale / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D018749:RNA, Plant