title: Record-based, stepwise screening for type 2 diabetes integrated into an annual cardiovascular care review system: Findings from a UK general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Screening high-risk individuals for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is recommended by many organisations. We report results from a pragmatic stepwise T2DM screening programme integrated into an annual review system in a UK general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease attending an annual review were screened for dysglycaemia by random blood glucose (RBG) measurement. At the discretion of the usual doctor, individuals with an RBG≥6.1 mmol/l were invited to return for fasting blood glucose (FBG) or HbA(1C) measurement, allowing diagnosis of T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  786 eligible patients were invited for T2DM screening as part of their annual review. 544 attended screening, of whom 120 had an RBG≥6.1 mmol/l. 40 individuals attended FBG measurement and 8 individuals attended HbA(1C) measurement, leading to 9 T2DM diagnoses. The positive predictive value of the test for T2DM was 19% and the laboratory cost was £91 per patient diagnosed with T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to integrate a simple T2DM screening programme within an annual review system in a UK general practice. Different strategies may be required to increase initial attendance and ensure completion of the screening programme.
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Yvonne L E
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodhart
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004739:England; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015397:Program Evaluation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human