title: Oncostatin M and IL-6 induce u-PA and VEGF in prostate cancer cells and correlate in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oncostatin M (OSM) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are growth factors for prostate cancer (PC). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and urokinase-type plasminogen-activator (u-PA) have been implicated in tumour progression. A possible interaction between IL-6, OSM, u-PA and VEGF in PC was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary prostate epithelial cells (PPEC) and DU-145 PC cells were treated with IL-6 or OSM and the effects on u-PA and VEGF expression were studied. Plasma levels of IL-6, OSM, u-PA and VEGF were determined in patients with or without PC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In DU-145 cells, OSM and IL-6 up-regulated u-PA and VEGF significantly. Higher levels of IL-6 and OSM in metastasising PC than in nonmetastasising PC and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and correlations between IL-6, OSM, u-PA and VEGF were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSM and IL-6 increase u-PA and VEGF in DU-145 cells but not in PPEC and possibly, by promoting matrix degradation and angiogenesis, could play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Third Medical Department for Cardiology and Emergency Medicine, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria. thomas.weiss@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Thomas Werner
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simak
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaun
authors.forename: Gersina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rega
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pflüger
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130 / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D053683:Oncostatin M / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D053683:Oncostatin M; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator