title: Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection  with influenza virus.
abstract: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a heterogeneous cell population, are critical in orchestrating immunity and inflammation in the intestine, but whether ILCs influence immune responses or tissue homeostasis at other mucosal sites remains poorly characterized. Here we identify a population of lung-resident ILCs in mice and humans that expressed the alloantigen Thy-1 (CD90), interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor a-chain (CD25), IL-7 receptor a-chain (CD127) and the IL-33 receptor subunit T1-ST2. Notably, mouse ILCs accumulated in the lung after infection with influenza virus, and depletion of ILCs resulted in loss of airway epithelial integrity, diminished lung function and impaired airway remodeling. These defects were restored by administration of the lung ILC product amphiregulin. Collectively, our results demonstrate a critical role for lung ILCs in restoring airway epithelial integrity and tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Laurel A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Monticelli
authors.forename: Gregory F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Abt
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alenghat
authors.forename: Carly G K
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Travis A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Angelosanto
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Laidlaw
authors.forename: Cliff Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Taheri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sathaliyawala
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Ananda W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Goldrath
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Farber
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Collman
authors.forename: E John
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wherry
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Artis
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D066258:Amphiregulin; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; D015703:Antigens, CD; C587849:Areg protein, mouse; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C506535:Il33 protein, mouse; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins