title: First-trimester maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ status and pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pregnancy outcome as a function of the first-trimester serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D] status and to compare the 25(OH)D levels in the first and third trimesters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women (n=466) tested for serum 25(OH)D levels during the first trimester were followed up until the end of pregnancy, and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared in reference to the baseline 25(OH)D status. The third-trimester 25(OH)D levels were additionally measured in a subset of women (n=148).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obstetric and neonatal outcomes did not vary as a function of the first-trimester 25(OH)D status. Neither did the 25(OH)D levels vary as a function of pregnancy outcomes. Overall, the 25(OH)D levels significantly decreased from the first to the third trimester. The first- and third-trimester 25(OH)D levels of samples initially taken during autumn/winter were significantly lower than those that were initially taken during spring/summer. Interestingly, the decrease in 25(OH)D levels during the third trimester was independent of the season of sampling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pregnancy outcome was independent of the first-trimester 25(OH)D status. Overall, the 25(OH)D levels significantly decreased in the third trimester. More research in this area is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital Torrecárdenas, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alonso
authors.forename: Elia C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Dionis-Sánchez
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chedraui
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: González-Salmerón
authors.forename: Faustino R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Pérez-López
mesh_terms: D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002112:Calcifediol