title: Incidence of seed migration to the chest, abdomen, and pelvis after transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy with loose (125)I seeds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to determine the incidence of seed migration not only to the chest, but also to the abdomen and pelvis after transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy with loose (125)I seeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the records of 267 patients who underwent prostate brachytherapy with loose (125)I seeds. After seed implantation, orthogonal chest radiographs, an abdominal radiograph, and a pelvic radiograph were undertaken routinely to document the occurrence and sites of seed migration. The incidence of seed migration to the chest, abdomen, and pelvis was calculated. All patients who had seed migration to the abdomen and pelvis subsequently underwent a computed tomography scan to identify the exact location of the migrated seeds. Postimplant dosimetric analysis was undertaken, and dosimetric results were compared between patients with and without seed migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19,236 seeds were implanted in 267 patients. Overall, 91 of 19,236 (0.47%) seeds migrated in 66 of 267 (24.7%) patients. Sixty-nine (0.36%) seeds migrated to the chest in 54 (20.2%) patients. Seven (0.036%) seeds migrated to the abdomen in six (2.2%) patients. Fifteen (0.078%) seeds migrated to the pelvis in 15 (5.6%) patients. Seed migration occurred predominantly within two weeks after seed implantation. None of the 66 patients had symptoms related to the migrated seeds. Postimplant prostate D90 was not significantly different between patients with and without seed migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed the incidence of seed migration to the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Seed migration did not have a significant effect on postimplant prostate D90.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. h4411@wave.plala.or.jp
authors.forename: Akitomo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kunieda
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kouta
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000379:methods; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes