title: Retroperitoneal tumours: review of management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The retroperitoneum can host a wide spectrum of pathologies, including a variety of rare benign tumours and malignant neoplasms that can be either primary or metastatic lesions. Retroperitoneal tumours can cause a diagnostic dilemma and present several therapeutic challenges  because of their rarity, relative late presentation and anatomical location, often in close relationship with several vital structures in the retroperitoneal space.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed. Relevant international articles published  in the last ten years were assessed. The keywords for search purposes included: retroperitoneum, benign, sarcoma, neoplasm, diagnosis and surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. The search was limited to articles published in English. All articles were read in full by the authors and selected  for inclusion based on relevance to this article.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumours usually present late and cause symptoms or become palpable once they have reached a significant size. Retroperitoneal tumours are best evaluated with good quality cross-sectional imaging and preoperative histology by core  needle biopsy is required when imaging is non-diagnostic. Sarcomas comprise a third of retroperitoneal tumours. Other retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas and epithelial tumours or might represent metastatic disease from known or unknown primary sites. The most common benign pathologies  encountered in the retroperitoneum include benign neurogenic tumours, paragangliomas, fibromatosis, renal angiomyolipomas and benign retroperitoneal lipomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete surgical resection is the only potential curative treatment modality for retroperitoneal sarcomas and is best  performed in high-volume centres by a multidisciplinary sarcoma team. The ability completely to resect a retroperitoneal sarcoma and tumour grade remain the most important predictors of local recurrence and disease-specific survival.
authors.affiliation: Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. dirk.strauss@rmh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Dirk C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: J Meirion
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome