title: Prognostic impact of insulin receptor expression on survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to characterize insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 459 patients who underwent curative resection of NSCLC were studied (median follow-up duration, 4.01 years). Expression of the IR and IGF-1R protein in tumor specimens was assessed immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytoplasmic IR score was higher in patients with adenocarcinoma (ADC) than in those with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), whereas cytoplasmic IGF-1R score was higher in patients with SCC than those with ADC. Neither IR nor IGF-1R expression was associated with sex, smoking history, or clinical stage. Patients with positive IR or IGF-1R expression levels had poor recurrence-free (RFS) (3.8 vs 3.3 years; 3.8 vs 2.0 years, respectively), but similar overall survival (OS). Patients with high expression levels of IR and IGF-1R had shorter RFS and OS compared with those with low levels of IR and/or IGF-1R expression. Finally, a multivariate analysis revealed the impact of IR, but not of IGF-1R, as an independent predictive marker of NSCLC survival: hazard ratio (HR) for OS, 1.005 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.010], HR for RFS, 1.005 (95% CI, 1.001-1.009), when IR score was tested as a continuous variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of IR predicts a poor survival among patients with NSCLC, especially those with SCC. These results might serve as future guidance to the clinical trials involving IR or IGR-1R targeting agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J Jack
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solis
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lippman
authors.forename: Waun Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ignacio I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Wistuba
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D011972:Receptor, Insulin