title: Off vertical axis rotation motion sickness and field dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our study probed the relationship between field dependence and the development of nausea in light and dark during whole-body, off vertical axis rotation (OVAR).
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 24 subjects who underwent OVAR at 0.2 Hz, 18 degree tilt. Exposures were undertaken in both light and darkness in sessions spaced 5 d apart in balanced order design. During rotation, nausea was rated at 1-min intervals to a cut off at 20 min or a level of 'moderate nausea' was attained, at which point motion stopped. Before and after OVAR sessions field dependence was rated with the rod and frame test (RFT) with head upright or tilted 28 degree to induce a head-centric bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects tolerated OVAR longer in the light (mean 13.3 min +/- 6.8 SD) than in darkness (11.1 min +/- 7.2). Motion sickness susceptibility evaluated by questionnaire was inversely correlated with tolerance of OVAR in the light. There was a tendency for subjects who were visual field dependent to fare better with OVAR in the light than in darkness. Subjects whose RFT estimates with head tilted tended to incline the visual vertical to the direction of head tilt better tolerated OVAR in darkness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that susceptibility, as evaluated by questionnaires probing motion sickness experiences in daily life, is influenced by visual factors. Assessments of sensitivity to reference frames for orientation, either visual or ego-centered, show promise for markers of motion sickness susceptibility according to the visual surround rather than to absolute levels of susceptibility to motion sickness.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armies, La Tronche, France. Corinnecian@gmail.com
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cian
authors.forename: Théophile
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohlmann
authors.forename: Hadrien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ceyte
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gresty
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Golding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003624:Darkness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012399:Rotation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology