title: Impact of partial volume effects on visceral adipose tissue quantification using MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantitatively estimate the impact of partial volume effects on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) quantification using typical resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine normal or overweight subjects were scanned at central abdomen levels with a water-saturated, balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) sequence. The water-saturation effectiveness was evaluated with region-of-interest analysis on fat, muscle, bowel, and noise areas. The number of full-volume (FV) and partial-volume (PV) fat pixels was estimated based on a gray-level histogram model of water-saturated images. Both FV and PV fat amounts were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality, fat-only images were generated with the b-SSFP imaging method. Fat SNR was 77.7 ± 25.6 and water-saturation was effective, with the average fat-to-water signal intensity ratio = 20.7 ± 3.8. The average ratio of partial- to full-volume fat amounts was 104.0%. The ratio was higher with lower body mass index (BMI) and PV fat amount only increased slightly when BMI increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PV fat contributes a significant amount of fat to fat measurements on typical spatial resolution MRI on normal and overweight subjects. The relative PV fat contribution is markedly higher in slimmer patients. Inclusion of this portion of the adipose tissue will increase overall accuracy and decrease variability of VAT quantification using MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Anqi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D014781:Viscera; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water