title: Aspects of reproductive ecology of Clusia valerioi Standl. and Clusia peninsulae Hammel (sp. nov.), two Central American species of Clusiaceae with resin flowers.
abstract: Clusia valerioi Standl. and C. peninsulae Hammel, sp. nov. (formally established in the Appendix), two Central American species of Clusiaceae offering resin as a floral reward, were studied in the Piedras Blancas National Park, SW Costa Rica. Basic data on phenology, flower structure, course of anthesis, flower visitors, flower visitation and pollination processes, fruit development and seed dispersal are communicated. Resin collection and pollen release are reported and documented in greater detail. The significance of stingless bees for pollination is confirmed, but honeybees were also observed to visit the flowers and to collect resin. The seeds of C. valerioi, exhibiting a clearly ornithochorous character syndrome, were observed to be eaten and dispersed by four species of the tanager family (Thraupidae) and one species of finch (Fringillidae). Ants were also observed to carry away the seeds.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Centre of Biodiversity, Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. heidihochwallner@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hochwallner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000502:physiology; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology; D001717:Birds / Q000502:physiology; D031251:Clusia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003364:Costa Rica; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology; D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005638:Fruit / Q000254:growth & development; D011058:Pollen / Q000254:growth & development; D054817:Pollination; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D058614:Seed Dispersal; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D012116:Resins, Plant