title: Does the probability of developing ocular trauma-related visual deficiency differ between genders?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular trauma affects males more often than females, but the impact of this condition regarding visual prognosis is unknown. We undertook this study to compare the probability of developing ocular trauma-related visual deficiency between genders, as estimated by the ocular trauma score (OTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed an observational, retrospective, comparative, cross-sectional and open-label study. Female patients aged ≥6 years with ocular trauma were included and matched by age and ocular wall status with male patients at a 1:2 male/female ratio. Initial trauma features and the probability of developing visual deficiency (best corrected visual acuity <20/40) 6 months after the injury, as estimated by the OTS, were compared between genders. The proportion and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of visual deficiency 6 months after the injury were estimated. Ocular trauma features and the probability of developing visual deficiency were compared between genders (χ(2) and Fisher's exact test); p value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Included were 399 eyes (133 from females and 266 from males). Mean age of patients was 25.7 ± 14.6 years. Statistical differences existed in the proportion of zone III in closed globe trauma (p = 0.01) and types A (p = 0.04) and type B (p = 0.02) in open globe trauma. The distribution of the OTS categories was similar for both genders (category 5: p = 0.9); the probability of developing visual deficiency was 32.6% (95% CI = 24.6 to 40.5) in females and 33.2% (95% CI = 27.6 to 38.9) in males (p = 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of developing ocular trauma-related visual deficiency was similar for both genders. The same standard is required.
authors.affiliation: División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Dulce Milagros Razo
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Blanco-Hernández
authors.forename: Jessica Daniela
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Valencia-Aguirre
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lima-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*