title: [Acaricidal activities of the water extract of Xiushan Sea mud against human demodex mites].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the acaricidal effect of the water extract of Xiushan sea mud on Demodex brevis and D. folliculorum.
  
  
  METHODS
  D. brevis an d D. folliculorum were obtained with modified scraping method. Each sample contained 30 or more alive Demodex which were evenly spread on the slides with 200 microl water extract of Xiushan sea mud at a concentration of 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 kg/L, respectively. With 10% sulfur emulsion as positive control and saline as blank control, each experiment group was carried out at the same time. Under room temperature of 20 degrees C and relative humidity of 70%, parasite death number was recorded at 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h and 24 h. The acaricidal rate was measured and calculated by counting method. Demodex activity and morphology were observed using microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1.0-2.5 kg/L of the water extract of Xiushan sea mud increased the activities of both kinds of Demodex. D. brevis showed shrinkage, deformation, twisting and the bodies became shorter. The digesting vasoconstrictions of D. folliculorum also shrank and the stretching frequency of the tails moved faster. When the concentration of the sea mud extract decreased from 2.5 kg/L to 1 kg/L, the proportion of active movement of D. brevis and D.folliculorum decreased from 79.4% (27/34), 65.7% (23/35) to 68.9% (26/38), 53.8% (21/39), and the activity time extended from 15 min, 20 min to 100 min, 104 min, respectively. The 0.5 kg/L of the sea mud extract showed no significant effect on the morphology and activity of both species of Demodex. When the concentration decreased from 2.5 kg/L to 1.5 kg/L, the time to kill both Demodex spp. extended from 2 h to 8 h. The extract at a concentration of 1 kg/L showed higher acaricidal effect to D. brevis than that of positive control (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference for D. folliculorum (P>0.05) . When the concentration decreased to 0.5 kg/L, the acaricidal effect for D. brevis and D. folliculorum remarkably reduced and there was no significant difference with the control groups (P>0.05). The lowest effective concentration for both Demodex spp. was 1 kg/L. The values of 1 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of the sea mud extract for D. brevis and D. folliculorum were 1913 mg/L and 2131 mg/L, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The water extract of Xiushan sea mud shows acaricidal effect to human Demodex. The effect to D. brevis is slightly better than to D. folliculorum.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zioushan 316000, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Hong-yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D008925:Mites / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D012987:Soil