title: Nocturia and quality of life: results from the Boston area community health survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturia, a common complaint in aging men and women, is frequently cited as the cause of nocturnal awakenings leading to sleep loss, daytime fatigue, and reduced quality of life (QOL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the association of nocturia with QOL and depressive symptoms among men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based epidemiologic survey of urologic symptoms among persons aged 30-79 yr. A multistage stratified cluster sample design was used to randomly sample 5503 residents of Boston, MA, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nocturia was defined as a self-report of two or more voiding episodes nightly or having to get up to urinate more than once nightly "fairly often," "usually," or "almost always." QOL was assessed using the physical and mental health component scores of the 12-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-12). Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multiple linear and logistic regression methods were used to model the nocturia and QOL association and to control for confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturia was associated with decreased SF-12 scores for both the physical and mental health components after multivariate adjustment. Nocturia was also associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms (men: adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81-4.31; women: adjusted OR: 1.80; 95% CI, 1.29-2.51). Among women who reported sleep interference due to urologic symptoms, nocturia was associated with a threefold increase in odds of depression. In this cross-sectional analysis, the temporal sequence of causality of the nocturia and depression association could not be assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturia is associated with decreased QOL and with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms in both men and women.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA. vkupelian@neriscience.com
authors.forename: Varant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kupelian
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Jens Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Norgaard
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires