title: Reducing Vibrio load in Artemia nauplii using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a promising strategy to reduce antibiotic application in shrimp larviculture.
abstract: We propose antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an alternative strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics in shrimp larviculture systems. The growth of a multiple antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi strain was effectively controlled by treating the cells with Rose Bengal and photosensitizing for 30 min using a halogen lamp. This resulted in the death of >50% of the cells within the first 10 min of exposure and the 50% reduction in the cell wall integrity after 30 min could be attributed to the destruction of outer membrane protein of V. harveyi by reactive oxygen intermediates produced during the photosensitization. Further, mesocosm experiments with V. harveyi and Artemia nauplii demonstrated that in 30 min, the aPDT could kill 78.9% and 91.2% of heterotrophic bacterial and Vibrio population respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that aPDT with its rapid action and as yet unreported resistance development possibilities could be a propitious strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics in shrimp larviculture systems and thereby, avoid their hazardous effects on human health and the ecosystem at large.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682016, India.
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asok
authors.forename: Esha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jasmin
authors.forename: S Somnath
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: I S Bright
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohandas
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D001156:Artemia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D008027:Light; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000528:radiation effects; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents