title: The influence of participation on health-related quality of life in stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limitations in participation may have independent influences on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at early and late phases of stroke recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive stroke patients were interviewed at months 3 and 12 after stroke for modified Barthel Index (MBI), geriatric depression scale (GDS) and WHO QOL questionnaire (abbreviated Hong Kong version). London handicap scale (LHS) was used to measure limitations in participation. The influence of the six LHS domains on the four HRQOL domains, adjusted for MBI and GDS was analysed by structural equation modelling with a two-component analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete data were collected in 500 and 433 subjects at months 3 and 12, respectively. On multivariate analysis, after adjustment for MBI and GDS, the independence and social integration domains of LHS had significant influence on physical and social HRQOL, respectively, at both 3 and 12 months post-stroke. The occupation domain was a significant factor of physical and environmental HRQOL at month 12, but not at month 3. Economic sufficiency had more influence on HRQOL at month 3 than at month 12. The mobility and orientation domains had no significant negative influence on HRQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In stroke patients, participation had significant independent influences on HRQOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Jun-Hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Xinyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006723:Hong Kong; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology