title: Comparative evaluation of hand and power-driven instruments on root surface characteristics: A scanning electron microscopy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare root surface characteristics following root planing with various hand- and power-driven instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 single, rooted teeth were used in this study; two specimens were used as control (no instrumentation done) and the remaining 18 specimens were equally divided into three groups. Specimens from each group were then subjected to root planing by one of the following instruments: (1) a Gracey curette, (2) ultrasonic tip and (3) a Rotary bur. In each case, the time required for scaling and root planing and surface roughness using the Roughness and Loss of Tooth Substance Index (RLTSI) was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean RLTSI scores for the Gracey curette, ultrasonic and rotary instrument groups were 2.5, 2.0 and 0.667, respectively. The mean scores of time spent for scaling and root planing by the Gracey curette, ultrasonic and rotary instrument groups in seconds were 42.50, 35.83 and 54.50, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the three instruments, namely Gracey curette, ultrasonic tip and rotary bur, were effective in mechanical debridement of the root surface. The results favored the use of rotary instruments for root planing to achieve a smooth, clean root surface; however, the use of rotary instrument was more time consuming, which might limit its use in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.forename: Reet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nymphea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pandit