title: Association of serum and crevicular visfatin levels in periodontal health and disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Levels of visfatin in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were explored in patients with periodontal health, periodontal disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2 DM) and were found to be elevated with periodontal disease, and were correlated with periodontal clinical parameters. DM and chronic periodontitis (CP) are associated with each other. Adipokines, specifically visfatin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of visfatin in serum and GCF in t2 DM among individuals with CP and to find an association, if any.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty individuals (15 males and 15 females) were selected based on their clinical parameters into three groups: group 1 (10 healthy), group 2 (10 well-controlled t2 DM among individuals with CP), and group 3 (10 individuals with CP and without diabetes). Serum and GCF samples were collected to estimate the levels of visfatin using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean visfatin concentration increased in both serum and GCF in individuals with t2 DM with CP. Also, it was observed that visfatin in both serum and GCF correlated positively with all the periodontal parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the samples in each group tested positive for visfatin assay. Serum and GCF visfatin concentration in both t2 DM with CP and individuals with CP and without diabetes correlated positively with all the clinical parameters. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies should be performed to confirm positive correlations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India. periodontics_gdc@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Swati Pradeep
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kathariya
authors.forename: Nishanth S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Savitha B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Naik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase