title: Hand warmer related corrosive injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corrosive injury of the esophagus and stomach is never been reported after intoxication of hand warmers. Herein we reported a case that had grade IIA corrosive injury found by endoscopic examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 84 year-old woman with a history of dementia ingested the contents of hand warmers. She had radiopaque patches in the stomach and duodenum. Upper endooscopic examination revealed corrosive injury of the esophagus and stomach. She recovered with the use of deferoxamine and proton pump inhibitor (PPI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hand warmer contains activated charcoal, salt, and vermiculite, and 50% of iron powder. In previous literature, ingestions of one hand warmer packet or less are considered less toxic. But in our case, corrosive injury of the esophagus and stomach is obvious.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that significant toxicity will occur after ingestion of one hand warmer packet. Appropriate gastrointestinal decontamination and aggressive management are needed for all patients who are hand warmers intoxicated.
authors.affiliation: China Medical University Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, No.2 Yuh Der Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W-K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong-Zong
mesh_terms: D000061:Accidents, Home; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000506:poisoning; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000628:therapy*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000506:poisoning; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications; D004386:Duodenum / Q000293:injuries; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D017575:Gloves, Protective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013270:Stomach / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; C003760:vermiculite; D002606:Charcoal; D003676:Deferoxamine