title: Associations between depressive and anxious symptoms and prenatal alcohol use.
abstract: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent during pregnancy and may influence women's health behaviors. The impact of women's mental health on alcohol use may be particularly important to consider as prenatal alcohol use is common and may have serious negative consequences for the developing fetus. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships between elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety and subsequent likelihood of any alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy. The sample consisted of 12,824 women from a prospective, population-based study from the United Kingdom, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants completed questionnaires assessing alcohol use and depressive and anxious symptoms during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. A series of multivariable regression models was fit using multiply imputed data. Thirty four percent of women reported having at least one alcoholic drink at 32 weeks' gestation and 17% reported binge drinking. We found a weak association between elevated symptoms of anxiety and any alcohol use but not between elevated symptoms of depression and any alcohol use. Modest associations were found between both elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety at 18 weeks' gestation and binge drinking at 32 weeks' gestation. Elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety may increase risk for binge drinking during pregnancy. Further research into the impact of symptoms of depression and anxiety on binge drinking during pregnancy is needed as this could represent an opportunity for public health intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. jleis2@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leis
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heron
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mendelson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult