title: Two-year outcome of hydroxyapatite mixed with autogenous bone marrow and local bone graft for posterolateral lumbar fusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome of hydroxyapatite (HA) mixed with autogenous bone marrow (BM) and local bone graft in posterolateral lumbar fusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients who had posterolateral fusion with posterior instrument using HA mixed with BM and local bone graft between December 2003 and August 2005 were prospective analyzed. Degree of pain using visual analog scale (VAS) was evaluated at preoperative and 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 postoperative months. Radiographs were assessed for spinal fusion at 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 postoperative months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvement of pain was demonstrated in all patients postoperatively. Radiographic outcomes revealed solid and doubtful fusion in one of 23 patients (4.3%) and 13 of 23 patients (56.5%) at six months respectively. After two-year follow-up, one patient had solid fusion while 22 patients (95.6%) had doubtful fusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the posterolateral lumbar fusion using HA mixed with BM and local bone graft provided good clinical results, the radiographic results of spinal fusion were questionable in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopedics, Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. vsathira@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sathira-Angkura
authors.forename: Sombat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunakornsawat
authors.forename: Bunsin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Assawachutithamrong
authors.forename: Rachata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tungsiripat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000601:surgery; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D017886:Durapatite