title: Gallbladder perforation complicating typhoid fever: report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallbladder perforation (GBP) is rare and as a complication of typhoid fever is extremely rare. We present two consecutive patients with GBP diagnosed incidentally at laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on the management of two patients with gallbladder perforation seen at Federal Medical Centre Azare in June and October 2008 was extracted from their case records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two patients were both males aged 13 years and 16 years. They both presented with high fever of more than 2 weeks duration; and abdominal pain and distension. Both patients had features of generalised peritonitis. Pre-operative diagnoses of typhoid enteric perforation were made based on a positive Widal test. Intra-operative findings however, were that of bile peritonitis and gallbladder perforation. Both had cholecystectomy. Culture of the bile aspirate yielded Salmonella typhi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallbladder perforation secondary to typhoid fever should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with suspected typhoid enteric perforation in typhoid fever endemic region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria. mbgal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Gali
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Agbese
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Duna
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dawha
authors.forename: G I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Ismai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammed
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents