title: Serum C-reactive protein levels are associated with residual urgency symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after medical treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary urgency is a common and bothersome symptom in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); this symptom may persist even after medical treatment. Chronic inflammation has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We investigate the association between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and residual urgency symptoms in BPH patients after medical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred-five men undergoing stable medical treatment for BPH, defined as a total prostate volume ≥40 mL, were enrolled. Patients with acute infection or those taking nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs or aspirin were excluded. Uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume, transrectal ultrasound parameters, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and CRP level were measured. A three-day void diary was recorded to identify the presence of urinary urgency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum CRP level was 0.24 mg/dL (range 0.01-2.84), and residual urgency was identified in 90 patients (43.9%). Patients with residual urgency were older and had significantly higher serum CRP levels (0.39 ± 0.54 mg/dL) than those without urgency (0.13 ± 0.20, P <.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, men with CRP levels ≥0.3 mg/dL were more likely to have urgency (odds ratio 8.08, 95% confidence interval 3.26-20.0) after adjusting for age, serum PSA level, total prostate volume, and antimuscarinic use. Patients with serum CRP levels ≥0.30 mg/dL had more urgency (82.1%) than those with serum CRP levels <0.30 mg/dL (34.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum CRP level is significantly associated with residual urgency in BPH patients after medical treatment. Chronic inflammation may play a role in the occurrence of residual urgency in BPH patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cardinal Tien Hospital and College of Medicine, Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Hou
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Shiu-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hann-Chorng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D053448:Prostatism / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000097:blood; D012372:ROC Curve; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen