title: Moderate exercise training and chronic caloric restriction modulate redox status in rat hippocampus.
abstract: Physical activity has been related to antioxidant adaptations, which is associated with health benefits, including those to the nervous system. Additionally, available data suggest exercise and a caloric restriction regimen may reduce both the incidence and severity of neurological disorders. Therefore, our aim was to compare hippocampal redox status and glial parameters among sedentary, trained, caloric-restricted sedentary and caloric-restricted trained rats. Forty male adult rats were divided into 4 groups: ad libitum-fed sedentary (AS), ad libitum-fed exercise training (AE), calorie-restricted sedentary (RS) and calorie-restricted exercise training (RE). The caloric restriction (decrease of 30% in food intake) and exercise training (moderate in a treadmill) were carried out for 3 months. Thereafter hippocampus was surgically removed, and then redox and glial parameters were assessed. Increases in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) were observed in AE, RS and RE. The nitrite/nitrate levels decreased only in RE. We found a decrease in carbonyl content in AE, RS and RE, while no modifications were detected in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, S100B and glial fibrilary acid protein (GFAP) content did not change, but caloric restriction was able to increase glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in RS and glutamate uptake in RS and RE. Exercise training, caloric restriction and both combined can decrease oxidative damage in the hippocampus, possibly involving modulation of astroglial function, and could be used as a strategy for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil. katianesantin@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Katiane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Santin
authors.forename: Ricardo Fagundes
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cechetti
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quincozes-Santos
authors.forename: Daniela Fraga
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nardin
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Marina Concli
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: José Cláudio Fonseca
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Christianne Gazzana
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Salbego
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar