title: Mammography self-efficacy scale and breast cancer fear scale: psychometric testing of the Turkish versions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-efficacy for mammography and breast cancer fear are important determinants to mammography use. No tools to measure these beliefs of Turkish women have been validated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Turkish versions of the Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale (MSS-T) and the Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS-T).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale and Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale were translated to Turkish language, validated by an expert panel, back translated, and tested. Cronbach α coefficients and item-total correlations were measured to evaluate the reliability of the scales. Exploratory factor analysis was used to estimate construct validity of the scales. Independent t tests, χ(2) tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to test theoretical relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis yielded 1 factor for MSS-T and 2 factors for CBCFS-T with eigenvalues greater than 1. Internal consistency values presented acceptable Cronbach α levels of .90 for MSS-T and .90 for CBCFS-T, and test-retest reliability correlations were 0.56 for MSS-T and 0.60 for CBCFS-T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MSS-T and CBCFS-T demonstrated acceptable preliminary values of reliability and validity. Further psychometric testing is recommended with women living in different regions of Turkey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scales can offer insights to nurses and other healthcare professionals about mammography self-efficacy beliefs, emotional needs, and concerns of Turkish women related to breast cancer fear. The scales may be useful as process measures to assess the efficacy of interventions designed to alter self-efficacy and fear and subsequently improve the mammography rates.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Faculty, Public Health Nursing Department, University of Istanbul, Sisli, Turkey. secginli@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: Selda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Secginli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey