title: The association between circulating endothelial progenitor cells and coronary collateral formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between coronary collateral formation and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating CD133(+)/34(+) and CD34(+)/KDR(+) EPCs were determined in 68 patients (normal coronary vessels in 24 patients and coronary artery disease (CAD) in 44 patients) (age: 58.7 ± 10.1, 64.7% male). Circulating EPCs were higher among patients with normal coronary vessels compared to patients with CAD for CD133(+)/34(+) (p < 0.05) and CD34(+)/KDR(+) cells (p < 0.05). The number of EPCs were significantly greater in patients with good coronary collateral formation (p < 0.05). EPC count was independent predictor for coronary collateral formation after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors and extent of CAD (p = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with severe coronary stenosis, those with increased circulating EPCs had better collateral formation compared to those with lower EPC counts. Our findings implicate that in addition to presence of critical stenosis, intact response of bone marrow is necessary for collateral formation in CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tokgözoğlu
authors.forename: Hikmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yorgun
authors.forename: Kadri Murat
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gürses
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.forename: Ahmet Hakan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ateş
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tülümen
authors.forename: Ergün Barış
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Kudret
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aytemir
authors.forename: Giray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabakçı
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oto
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002452:Cell Count; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D014421:Turkey; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2