title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean version of the Oxford shoulder score.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Oxford shoulder score (OSS) is being used increasingly and has been adapted cross-culturally in some Western countries. On the other hand, there are few validated translations of the OSS in Asian countries. This study translated and adapted cross-culturally the original OSS to produce a Korean version, and assessed the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the OSS (Korean OSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five patients with shoulder pain caused by degenerative or inflammatory disorders completed the Korean OSS and Korean disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH). In addition, the pain score by a visual analog scale (VAS) during activity and at rest, subjective assessment of activities of daily living (ADL), the active range of motion (ROM), and measurements of the abduction strength (strength) were included in the validation process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major linguistic or cultural problems during the forward and backward translations of the MHQ, except for a minor change due to cultural discrepancies in eating such as using a spoon and chopsticks by one dominant hand instead of a knife and fork by two hands. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.91). The reproducibility test showed no significant difference (Intra-class coefficient 0.95). The construct validity, which was tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a strong correlation (r > 0.6) between the Korean OSS against subscale of DASH disability/symptom, DASH work and ADL, as well as a moderate correlation (0.3 < r < 0.6) with the DASH sports/music, strength, ROM, pain during activity and pain at rest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Korean OSS proved to be valid by demonstrating a significant correlation with the patient-based upper extremity questionnaire and clinical assessment. The application and evaluation of the instrument is feasible and understandable among patients in Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Police Hospital, Garakbon-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-708, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Hak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Woo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Hyun Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Goo Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D056910:Republic of Korea; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating