title: Identification of different copper green pigments in Renaissance paintings by cluster-TOF-SIMS imaging analysis.
abstract: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging using cluster primary ion beams is used for the identification of a green painting layer on the scene The Angels Concert from the Issenheim Altarpiece (painted in 1516) from a German Renaissance painter, Matthias Grünewald. Copper carboxylate clusters inside a basic copper chloride (atacamite) layer have been identified and located in the copper green layer. The mechanisms of transformation of atacamite into copper carboxylates may be initiated by an aging of the paint layers. The combination of the high mass resolution of the technique together with a micrometer spatial resolution and the possibility to simultaneously identify both minerals and organics, has proven to be the method of choice for the study of the stratigraphy of a paint cross-section.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire du Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (LC2RMF), CNRS - UMR 171, Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France. pascale.richardin@culture.gouv.fr
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardin
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mazel
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Laprévote
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunelle
mesh_terms: D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D005858:Germany; D049669:History, 16th Century; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis*; D010151:Paintings / Q000266:history; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D002712:Chlorides; C111994:atacamite; D003300:Copper