title: Effects of integrated volitional control electrical stimulation (IVES) on upper extremity function in chronic stroke.
abstract: We evaluated the efficacy of a novel electromyogram (EMG)-controlled electrical       stimulation system, called the integrated volitional control electrical stimulator (IVES), on       the recovery of upper extremity motor functions in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke.       Ten participants in the chronic stage (more than 12 months post-stroke with partial paralysis       of their wrist and fingers) received treatment with IVES to the extensor carpi radialis and       extensor digitorum communis 6 h/day for 5 days. Before and after the intervention,       participants were assessed using upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), the active       range of motion (A-ROM), the nine-hole peg test (NHPT), and surface EMG recordings. The upper       extremity FMA showed a statistically significant increase from 50.8 ± 5.8 to 56.8 ± 6.2 after       the intervention (P < 0.01). The A-ROM of wrist extension was also significantly improved       from 36.0° ± 15.4° to 45.0° ± 15.5° (P < 0.01). The NHPT significantly decreased from 85.3       ± 52.0 to 63.3 ± 29.7 (P = 0.04). EMG measurements demonstrated statistically significant       improvements in the coactivation ratios for the wrist flexor and extensor muscles after the       intervention. This study suggested that 5 days of IVES treatment yields a noticeable       improvement in upper extremity motor functions in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University,           Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Syuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masakado
authors.forename: Kimitaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Meigen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014953:Wrist / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*