title: Wnt and SHH in prostate cancer: trouble mongers occupy the TRAIL towards apoptosis.
abstract: Prostate cancer is a serious molecular disorder that arises because of reduction in tumour suppressors and overexpression of oncogenes. The malignant cells survive within the context of a three-dimensional microenvironment in which they are exposed to mechanical and physical cues. These signals are, nonetheless, deregulated through perturbations to mechanotransduction, from the nanoscale level to the tissue level. Increasingly sophisticated interpretations have uncovered significant contributions of signal transduction cascades in governing prostate cancer progression. To dismantle the major determinants that lie beneath disruption of spatiotemporal patterns of activity, crosstalk between various signalling cascades and their opposing and promoting effects on TRAIL-mediated activities cannot be ruled out. It is important to focus on that molecular multiplicity of cancer cells, various phenotypes reflecting expression of a variety of target oncogenes, reversible to irreversible, exclusive, overlapping or linked, coexist and compete with each other. Comprehensive investigations into TRAIL-mediated mitochondrial dynamics will remain a worthwhile area for underlining causes of tumourigenesis and for unravelling interference options.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan. Ammadahmad638@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Farooqi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhtar
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Waseem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minhaj
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dilawar
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D020543:Proteome; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D051153:Wnt Proteins