title: Is peak exposure to computer use a risk factor for neck and upper-extremity symptoms?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiologic studies on physical exposure during computer use have mainly focused on average         exposure duration. In this study, we aimed to relate periods of high peak exposure during computer use with the         occurrence of neck-shoulder (NS) and arm-wrist-hand (AWH) symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort         study among 1951 office workers was carried out for two years, with periodical questionnaires and continuous         measurements of computer input use. To define peak exposure, a distinction was made between peak days and weeks. Peak         days were defined as days with a long duration of computer (ie, ≥4 hours) or mouse use (ie, ≥2.5 hours) or days         with high frequency of mouse (ie, ≥20 clicks per minute) or keyboard use (ie, ≥160 keystrokes per minute). Weeks         containing ≥3 peak days were considered peak weeks. Independent variables were numbers of peak days and peak weeks         during a 3-month measurement period; dependent variables were self-reported NS and AWH symptoms during the following         3-month measurement period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Valid data were available for 2116 measurements of 774 office workers. No relation         was found between any of the peak exposure parameters and AWH symptoms or with peak exposure in duration and NS         symptoms. Most parameters referring to high frequency-related peak exposure were associated with less NS symptoms, but         the effect estimates were very small and the confidence intervals close to the null.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we         found no indication that high peaks in computer use were related to the occurrence of NS or AWH symptoms.
authors.affiliation: TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Swenne G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: Maaike A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huysmans
authors.forename: Allard J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Beek
authors.forename: Birgitte M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Blatter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000473:pathology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface