title: Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb leaf extract attenuates in vitro macrophage differentiation and expression of VCAM-1 and P-selectin in thoracic aorta of atherogenic diet fed rats.
abstract: Present inventory evaluates the anti-atherogenic potential of C. glandulosum.Coleb leaf extract (CG) using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Serum markers of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) oxidation, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, auto-antibody titer, ex vivo LDL-C oxidation, LDL-C aggregation, aortic lipids, histopathological evaluations and immunolocalization of macrophage surface marker (F4/80), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin were performed in CON [rats treated with single dose of saline (i.p.) and fed with laboratory chow], ATH [rats treated with single dose of vitamin D3 (600,000 IU, i.p) and fed with atherogenic diet] and ATH+CG [rats treated with single dose of vitamin D3 (600,000 IU, i.p.) and fed with atherogenic diet and simultaneously treated with 200 mg/kg CG extract, p.o.] for 8 weeks. CG extract supplementation to atherogenic diet fed rats significantly prevented increment in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins, markers of LDL-C oxidation, auto-antibody titer and aortic lipids. Also, LDL-C isolated from ATH+CG rats recorded mimimal aggregation and susceptibility to undergo ex vivo LDL-C oxidation. Microscopic evaluation of thoracic aorta of ATH+CG rats reveled prevention of atheromatous plaque formation, accumulation of lipid laden macrophages, calcium deposition, distortion/defragmentation of elastin, accumulation of macrophages and, down regulation of cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and P-selectin) expression. Further, in vitro monocyte to macrophage differentiation was significantly attenuated in presence of CG extract (200 µg/mL). It can be concluded from the present study that, CG extract is capable of controlling induction of experimental atherosclerosis and warrants further scrutiny at the clinical level as a possible therapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Phytotherapeutics and Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ravirajsinh N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jadeja
authors.forename: Menaka C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Thounaojam
authors.forename: Mahendra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Ranjisinh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Devkar
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D032409:Clerodendrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D008055:Lipids; D019007:P-Selectin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D002118:Calcium