title: Pathogenic mechanisms of depression in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased risk of developing depression as compared with healthy subjects and patients with many other chronic neurological conditions. The observation that depressive symptoms can precede the onset of neurological symptoms suggests that depression may be related to early disease-specific processes. Several pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the etiology of depression in patients with MS. This article reviews the current evidence for the contribution of lesional, autoimmune, iatrogenic, and psychosocial factors. It appears that the etiology of depression is multifactorial and varies in individual patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Hollins Park Hospital, 5 Boroughs Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Warrington, UK.
authors.forename: Joe John
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vattakatuchery
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rickards
authors.forename: Andrea Eugenio
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cavanna
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D056747:Immunomodulation; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology