title: Optimization of extractants, purifying packings, and eluents for analytical extraction of organochlorine pesticides in Hydragric Acrisols.
abstract: In this study, we screened for an economic, rapid, and efficient hypotoxic pretreatment method for organochlorine pesticides in soil samples for gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The analytical extraction efficiencies of 11 different extractants, nine types of solid-phase purification (SPP) cartridge packings, and three types of eluents for 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in spiked and natural Chinese red soil (Hydragric Acrisols) were evaluated using an ultrasonic extraction and solid-phase purification method. High percent recoveries (85-106%) were obtained for the 13 organochlorine pesticides in soil when petroleum ether/acetone/water (10:5:2, v/v) was used an extractant. They were purified using celite SPP cartridge packing and eluted with 9 mL of dichloromethane/petroleum ether (1:9, v/v). The OCPs purification pretreatment of Hydragric Acrisols, using the above method, meets the GC analysis requirements. Compared with other traditional pretreatment methods for OCPs in soil samples, this method has several advantages, such as a short extraction time, reducing the amount of solvent, having no emulsion phenomenon, and hypotoxicity to the laboratory technicians. The concentrations of 1,1,1,-trichloro-2(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDTs; 3.42-8.08 ng g(-1)) in field soils were higher than the hexachlorocyclohexane concentration (2.94-6.12 ng g(-1)). The 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) + 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (p,p'-DDD)/p,p'-DDT ratio in this field soil was approximately 2.7, suggesting that no new DDT pollution source was introduced into the sampling site.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Exploitation on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China. zzh4000@126.com
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yanzheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil