title: Pro-inflammatory chemokine C-C motif ligand 16 (CCL-16) dysregulation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a serious health problem that affects an estimated 10-15% of people worldwide and has economic consequences in the United States of over $30 billion annually. In the US, IBS affects all races and both sexes, with more females than males (2:1) reporting symptoms consistent with IBS. Although the etiology of this functional gastrointestinal disorder is unknown, literature suggests that a subclinical inflammatory component has a role in the etiologic mechanisms underlying IBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with and without IBS and among different IBS phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Irritable bowel syndrome patients (n=12) that met Rome III Criteria for IBS longer than 6months were compared with healthy matched controls (n=12). Peripheral whole blood from fasting participants was collected and RNA was extracted. The expression of 96 inflammatory genes was then analyzed using a custom quantitative real-time PCR array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCL-16 gene expression was upregulated by 7.46-fold in IBS patients when compared with controls. CCL-16 was overexpressed by over 130-fold in IBS-constipation patients when compared with both controls and IBS-diarrhea patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results further suggest a subclinical inflammatory component underlying IBS. To better understand the phenotypic differences in IBS it is important to broaden the study of these inflammatory and other biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Biobehavioral Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: A Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Del Valle-Pinero
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Majors
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heitkemper
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012313:RNA / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C481939:CCL16 protein, human; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D012313:RNA