title: Developing a clinical typology of dysfunctional anger.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study attempted to validate a clinical typology of dysfunctional anger proposed by DiGiuseppe and Tafrate (2007) using assessment data obtained from 197 participants assessed at an outpatient clinic for anger problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several self-report scales assessing anger, hostility, impulsivity and aggression, as well as a structured interview regarding anger experience and expression, were administered; Axis I and II comorbidity were assessed using clinical assessment and the SCID-II PQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found support for four of the proposed eight types described by DiGiuseppe and Tafrate - Pervasive Dysfunctional Anger, Impulsive Type; Pervasive Dysfunctional Anger, Mixed Type; Impulsive Aggressive Dysfunctional Anger; and Suppressed Dysfunctional Anger - with significant, predicted group differences on self-report measures of anger, aggression, and impulsivity, as well as differences in Axis I and II diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients were rarely assigned to the other four dysfunctional anger types and thus we could not examine the validity of these types. We relied heavily on self-report data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anger is a common symptom in outpatient psychiatry clinics. It is associated with both mood and anxiety disorder diagnoses, and often co-occurs with substance use problems. Different types of angry patients will likely require different assessment and treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Canada.
authors.forename: Adekunle G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Canada.
authors.forename: Drew A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kingston
authors.affiliation: St. John's University, United States.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiGiuseppe
authors.affiliation: Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Canada.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.affiliation: Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Canada. Electronic address: michael.seto@rohcg.on.ca.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Seto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000786:Anger; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult