title: Preparation, characterization and osteoblastic activity of chitosan/polycaprolactone/in situ hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
abstract: Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (cd-HA) crystals with a rod-like shape, 10-30 nm in diameter and 60150 nm in length, were prepared via a hydrothermal method in the presence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (in situ HA). Scaffolds composed of chitosan (CS), polycaprolactone (PCL) and in situ HA were prepared by freeze-drying, using a formic acid/acetone mixture as a shared solvent. The mass fraction of in situ HA in the scaffolds ranged from 0 to 40%. FT-IR and XRD studies indicated that hydrogen bonding interactions existed among CS, PCL and in situ HA, which suppressed the crystallization of PCL. The mechanical results demonstrated that the CS/PCL composites had the maximum flexural stress (308.14 ± 8.86 MPa), which was significantly higher than 2.92 ± 0.02 MPa for the CS/in situ HA control. The effects of scaffolds on MC3T3-E1 cells were studied by measuring the viability, proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as mineralization assay. The WST-1 assay showed that in situ HA-loaded scaffolds had higher cell viability than CS/PCL scaffolds. SEM images of the cell-seeded scaffolds revealed a significant promotion of cell adhesion in in situ HA-loaded scaffolds. Moreover, ALP and mineralization were found to be enhanced in in situ HA-loaded scaffolds. All these results indicate that in situ HA-loaded scaffolds support cellular functions of osteoblastic cells and may serve as promising bone scaffolds.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and The Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ximing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.forename: Liulin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhenqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Qiqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005561:Formates / Q000737:chemistry; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008422:Materials Testing; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005561:Formates; D011091:Polyesters; D012997:Solvents; C030544:formic acid; D000096:Acetone; C016240:polycaprolactone; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase