title: Therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review current evidence for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Narrative review and expert recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis and selected original articles from the medical literature were reviewed critically. Expert recommendations were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerous observational studies suggest a benefit of short-term antimicrobial therapy for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in immunocompetent patients, although its efficacy has not been proven in randomized clinical trials. A randomized clinical trial revealed that intermittent trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole treatment could decrease the rate of recurrence in high-risk patients. Intravitreal injection of clindamycin and dexamethasone was an acceptable alternative to the classic treatment for OT in a randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Opinions about therapy differ and controversy remains about its type, efficacy, and length. Intravitreal therapy may be promising for OT. A recent description of the presence of parasitemia in patients with active and inactive ocular toxoplasmosis raises new questions that need to be explored.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Estudio en Parasitología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia. gepamol2@uniquindio.edu.co
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de-la-Torre
authors.forename: Miles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Glenn J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gomez-Marin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014126:Toxoplasmosis, Ocular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D002981:Clindamycin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination