title: Genitourinary manifestations of sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sickle cell disease is one of the most common hereditary diseases, and migration trends and cross breeding  have increased its incidence in Europe. While much has been published about the disease, there are few reviews in the  literature dealing with its manifestations in the genitourinary system.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comprehensive review, using as our main instrument the PubMed online database, on recent advances  in knowledge of the pathophysiology and urological, nephrological, and andrological manifestations of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manifestations include sickle cell nephropathy, enuresis, nocturia, hematuria, priapism, renal medullary  carcinoma, and infarctions and necrosis in various organs of the genitourinary system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The characteristics of this important disease and the multisystemic spectrum it covers make knowledge of  its genitourinary manifestations necessary.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain. armandodg@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Armando E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: De Gracia-Nieto
authors.forename: Artur Oliver
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Samper
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rojas-Cruz
authors.forename: Lluis Gausa
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gascón
authors.forename: Jordi Bover
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sanjuan
authors.forename: Humberto Villavicencio
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Mavrich
mesh_terms: D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology