title: Is parental anxiety and coping associated with girls' distress during a VCUG? Preliminary findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between parental anxiety/coping strategies and girls' distress during VCUGs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 32 girls (age 4-10, mean 5.8 years) completed a trait anxiety measure and a measure of parental reactions to children's distress. Post procedure, children, parents and radiology staff rated the level of anxiety, fear, pain and discomfort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trends indicated that parents who reported increased anxiety rated their children as experiencing increased distress (r = 0.27, p = 0.071), similarly for medical staff ratings (r = 0.28, p = 0.061). Parents with lower trait anxiety scores reported using more emotion- and problem-focused coping strategies (r = -0.37 and r = -0.40, p < 0.05, respectively). These were related to children experiencing less procedural distress (r = -0.30, p = 0.054; r = -0.33, p = 0.037, respectively) and parents rated as less anxious by staff (r = -0.40, p = 0.014; r = -0.31, p = 0.047, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a trend toward parental anxiety being related to their child's distress during VCUG. Parental coping strategies resulted in less distress among children and parents. Teaching coping techniques might obviate the need for sedation and help children deal with future stressors.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, 23 Hackett Blvd, Albany, NY 12208, USA. kgiramonti@communitycare.com
authors.forename: Karla M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Giramonti
authors.forename: Jeremy K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Danielle K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: LaRaia
authors.forename: Leslie F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Dangman
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kogan
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*