title: Antioxidant activities of the leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum G.
abstract: Chrysophyllum albidum G. is a tropical plant and commonly found in Nigeria. It belongs to the sapotaceae family and used in folklore in the treatment of yellow fever, malaria, diarrhea, vaginal and dermatological infections. The study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant properties of this plant by employing the in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The effect of DPPH free radical scavenging activity on the fractions of petroleum ether, ethanol, butanol, ethylacetate, and water of C. albidum was determined. The ethyl acetate fraction was purified in column chromatography to obtain myricetin rhamnoside.  Structure elucidation was done by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, ethanol extract was administered to five groups of eight rats per group. The animals in the normal group were administered with vehicle alone for 7 days. The positive control animals were given vehicle on the first four days, and with the vehicle and hepatotoxin (CCl(4)) on the fifth, sixth and seventh day. The animals in the treatment category were respectively administered with 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg b.w. of extract & distilled water for the first four days, and with distilled water, extract and CCl(4) on the last three days. Animals were subsequently anaesthetized and blood samples were collected for catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced gluthathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays. The petroleum ether fraction showed the least antiradical activity (4057.5 ± 809.6 g/kg) while ethyl ether exhibited the highest activity (414.4 ± 92.0 g/kg). Myricetin rhamnoside also exhibited an excellent radical scavenging activity (314.1 ± 60.2) which was comparable to the positive control. Result from animal study showed that C. albidum exhibited significant (p < 0.05) differences on the activity of CAT, MDA and GSH. The plant could therefore be employed as sources of natural antioxidant boosters and for the treatment of some oxidative stress disorders in which free radicals are implicated.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. aadebayo@convenantuniversity.com
authors.forename: Abiodun Humphrey
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Adebayo
authors.forename: Amos Olalekan
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Abolaji
authors.forename: Roseline
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kela
authors.forename: Olayemi Oluseun
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Ayepola
authors.forename: Titilayo Banwo
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Olorunfemi
authors.forename: Olugbenga Samson
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Taiwo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008362:Mannosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029632:Sapotaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D008362:Mannosides; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C529905:myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione