title: Circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and soluble leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 in overweight/obese men and women consuming fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverages for 10 weeks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results from animal studies suggest that consumption of large amounts of fructose can promote inflammation and impair fibrinolysis. Data describing the effects of fructose consumption on circulating levels of proinflammatory and prothrombotic markers in humans are unavailable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the effects of 10 wk of dietary fructose or glucose consumption on plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein, and IL-6.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a parallel-arm study with two inpatient phases (2 wk baseline, final 2 wk intervention), conducted in a clinical research facility, and an outpatient phase (8 wk) during which subjects resided at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were older (40-72 yr), overweight/obese (body mass index = 25-35 kg/m(2)) men (n = 16) and women (n = 15).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants consumed glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 wk. Blood samples were collected at baseline and during the 10th week of intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.009), PAI-1 (P = 0.002), and E-selectin (P = 0.048) as well as postprandial concentrations of PAI-1 (P < 0.0001) increased in subjects consuming fructose but not in those consuming glucose. Fasting levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were not changed in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of fructose for 10 wk leads to increases of MCP-1, PAI-1, and E-selectin. These findings suggest the possibility that fructose may contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome via effects on proinflammatory and prothrombotic mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Chad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Kimber L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Stanhope
authors.forename: Jean Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hatcher
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Griffen
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McGahan
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Keim
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Havel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D019040:E-Selectin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin; D005632:Fructose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005947:Glucose