title: Insight into the heterogeneity of breast cancer through next-generation sequencing.
abstract: Rapid and sophisticated improvements in molecular analysis have allowed us to sequence whole human genomes as well as cancer genomes, and the findings suggest that we may be approaching the ability to individualize the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This paradigmatic shift in approach will require clinicians and researchers to overcome several challenges including the huge spectrum of tumor types within a given cancer, as well as the cell-to-cell variations observed within tumors. This review discusses how next-generation sequencing of breast cancer genomes already reveals insight into tumor heterogeneity and how it can contribute to future breast cancer classification and management.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. heg@rr-research.no
authors.forename: Hege G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Russnes
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navin
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Borresen-Dale
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm