title: Squamous epithelial changes of the larynx: diagnosis and therapy.
abstract: It can be confusing for clinicians to work their way through the tangle of pathologic terms used in surgical pathology reports to describe squamous abnormalities in laryngeal biopsies. After a brief review of the normal microscopic anatomy of the larynx and time-honored clinical designations for surface-based abnormalities, this report sorts pathologic changes into 2 groups: those changes that do not carry a premalignant potential (including squamous metaplasia, squamous hyperplasia, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, keratosis, and parakeratosis) and those that do (including dyskeratosis, laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia [LIN], atypia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ). Generally, lesions in the first group do not require additional therapy or close follow-up; lesions in the second group, however, demand either some form of local therapy or close follow-up to monitor for the development of a more aggressive pathology.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. a.ferlito@uniud.it
authors.forename: Alfio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlito
authors.forename: Kenneth O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Devaney
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Woolgar
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Slootweg
authors.forename: Vinidh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paleri
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Takes
authors.forename: Primož
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strojan
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007830:Larynx / Q000473:pathology*; D008679:Metaplasia; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology