title: Use of mixed cultures of biocontrol agents to control sheep nematodes.
abstract: Biological control is a promising non-chemical approach for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Use of combinations of biocontrol agents have been reported to be an effective method to increase the efficacy of biological control effects. In this study, combinations of either two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or Clonostachys rosea (C. rosea) isolates and Bt+C. rosea isolates were evaluated in vitro in microtitre plates for their biocontrol activity on sheep nematodes. The Baermann technique was used to extract the surviving L3 larval stages of intestinal nematodes and counted under a dissecting microscope to determine the larval counts. Results indicate that there was a significant reduction of nematode counts due to combination of biocontrol agents (P<0.001). Combinations of Bt isolates reduced nematodes counts by 72.8%, 64% and 29.8%. The results revealed a control level of 57% when C. rosea isolates P3+P8 were combined. Combination of Bt and C. rosea isolates B10+P8 caused the greatest mortality of 76.7%. Most combinations were antagonistic, with only a few combinations showing an additive effect. None were synergistic. The isolate combinations were more effective than when isolates were used alone.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Baloyi
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yobo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*