title: Ibopamine: D1-dopaminergic agonist in the diagnosis of glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of ibopamine (3,4 di-isobutyrrylester of N-methyldopamine), a D1-dopamine agonist, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in offspring of parents with primary openangle glaucoma as a consequence of outflow structures impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included participants aged between 8 and 40 years: group 1, 163 offspring of at least 1 parent with primary openangle glaucoma with normal IOP and without glaucomatous damages; group 2, 108 offspring of healthy parents (without history or existing glaucoma). Ibopamine test was performed by instilling 2 drops, 5 minutes apart, in both eyes followed by repeated IOP measurements over a 45-minute period. The test is considered positive if there is an IOP increase of ≥3 mm Hg 45 minutes after instillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline IOP before the test was 15.73±2.31 and 15.31±1.86 mm Hg in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Test was positive in 44.33% of cases in group 1 with a mean increase in IOP of 5.57 mm Hg (P<0.001), whereas in all participants of group 2 the test was negative with even 1 to 2 mm Hg IOP reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D1-dopaminergic stimulation due to ibopamine increases IOP as a result of increased production of the aqueous humor in participants with an impaired outflow. The study showed that offspring of at least 1 parent with primary openangle glaucoma--offspring without glaucomatous damages--show an increase of IOP after ibopamine administration, which signifies an impaired function of outflow structures and, therefore, a predisposition to intraocular hypertension and possible glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: *Dipartimento di Scienze Oftalmologiche, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy ‡U.O.C. Oculistica-Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini, Roma, Italy §Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy ∥Clinica Oculistica Università degli Studi, L'Aquila ¶Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milano, Italy †Faculdad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virno
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sampaolesi
authors.forename: Josè
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pecori Giraldi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Gregorio
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taloni
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brusini
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Staso
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stecchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003846:Deoxyepinephrine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000819:agonists*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C583260:DRD1 protein, human; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; C023487:ibopamine; D003846:Deoxyepinephrine