title: Determination of body water compartments in neonatal foals by use of indicator dilution techniques and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine values for total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), intracellular fluid volume (ICFV), and plasma volume (PV) in healthy neonatal (< 24 hours old) foals and to create a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) model for use in neonatal foals.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 healthy neonatal foals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deuterium oxide (0.4 g/kg, IV), sodium bromide (30 mg/kg, IV), and Evans blue dye (1 mg/kg, IV) were administered to each foal. Plasma samples were obtained following an equilibration period, and the TBW, ECFV, ICFV, and PV were calculated for each foal. An MF-BIA model was created by use of morphometric measurements from each foal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ± SD values were obtained for TBW (0.744 ± 0.024 L/kg), ICFV (0.381 ± 0.018 L/kg), ECFV (0.363 ± 0.014 L/kg), and PV (0.096 ± 0.015 L/kg). The 95% limits of agreement between the MF-BIA and indicator dilution techniques were within ± 2 L for TBW and ECFV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluid volumes in neonatal foals were found to be substantially larger than fluid volumes in adult horses. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis may be a useful technique for predicting TBW, ICFV, and ECFV in neonatal foals.
authors.affiliation: Loomis Basin Equine Medical Center, PO Box 2059, Loomis, CA 95650, USA. langdonfielding@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C Langdon
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.forename: K Gary
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Magdesian
authors.forename: Judy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Edman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001834:Body Water / Q000502:physiology*; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000662:veterinary; D001965:Bromides; D017666:Deuterium Oxide; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005070:Evans Blue; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000662:veterinary*; D012016:Reference Values; D017670:Sodium Compounds
chemical_list: D001965:Bromides; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D005070:Evans Blue; D017666:Deuterium Oxide; C027938:sodium bromide