title: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Kanlow switchgrass by thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3: the effect of enzyme loading, temperature and higher solid loadings.
abstract: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was subjected to hydrothermolysis pretreatment and then used to study the effect of enzyme loading and temperature in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with the thermotolerant yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 at 8% solid loading. Various loadings of Accellerase 1500 between 0.1 and 1.1 mL g(-1) glucan were tested in SSF at 45 °C (activity of enzyme was 82.2 FPU mL(-1)). The optimum enzyme loading was 0.7 mL g(-1) glucan based on the six different enzyme loadings tested. SSFs were performed at 37, 41 and 45 °C with an enzyme loading of 0.7 mL g(-1) glucan. The highest ethanol concentration of 22.5 g L(-1) was obtained after 168 h with SSF at 45 °C, which was equivalent to 86% yield. Four different batch and fed-batch strategies were evaluated using a total solid loading of 12% (dry basis). About 32 g L(-1) ethanol was produced with the four strategies, which was equivalent to 82% yield.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Naveen K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pessani
authors.forename: Hasan K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Atiyeh
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Danielle D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bellmer
authors.forename: Ibrahim M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Banat
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000378:metabolism*; D008897:Panicum / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D002480:Cellulase; D005947:Glucose; D019342:Acetic Acid