title: Oral lesions associated with HIV infection before and during the antiretroviral therapy era in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
abstract: We estimated the prevalence of oral lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-OLs) before and during the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. The first period was 1997, when many patients received two types of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The second study period was 2004 through 2008, when all patients were treated with ART (a combination of two or three classes of drugs, including protease inhibitors). A total of 148 and 388 seropositive participants were examined in 1997 and 2004-2008, respectively. The evaluation consisted of anamnesis and physical examination. The prevalence of HIV-OLs decreased between 1997 (60.1%) and 2004-2008 (29.9%). The HIV-OL responsible for the greatest reduction in prevalence between the two periods was oral candidiasis, of which erythematous candidiasis was the clinical form that decreased most, followed by pseudomembranous candidiasis. In conclusion, we observed a significant reduction in HIV-OLs, which was closely associated with the use of ART. In addition, among patients with a clinical diagnosis of AIDS, we confirmed a significant reduction in HIV-OL prevalence between 1997 and 2004-2008.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. alancravinhos@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Ana Carolina F
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Luis Tadeu M de
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Alcyone A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Marilena C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Komesu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents