title: Depression symptoms in boys with autism spectrum disorder and comparison samples.
abstract: This study compares severity of specific depression symptoms in boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or chronic multiple tic disorder (CMTD) and typically developing boys (Controls). Children were evaluated with parent and teacher versions of the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) and a demographic questionnaire. Mothers' and teachers' ratings generally indicated the most severe symptoms in boys with ASD ± ADHD. Associations of depression with ASD severity and IQ varied considerably for specific symptoms of depression, ASD functional domain, and informant. Findings provide additional support for the differential influence of neurobehavioral syndromes on co-occurring symptom severity and illustrate how more fine-grained analyses of clinical phenotypes may contribute to a better understanding of etiology and current nosology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA. kenneth.gadow@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gadow
authors.forename: Sarit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guttmann-Steinmetz
authors.forename: Carolien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rieffe
authors.forename: Carla J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Devincent
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004519:Education, Special; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010641:Phenotype; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology