title: Extension of the jejunum in the reconstruction of cervical oesophagus with free jejunum transfer using the thoracoacrominal vessels as recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The degree to which the jejunum can reach upward is a significant consideration in cervical oesophagus reconstruction with vascularised free jejunum transfer using the thoracoacrominal vessels as recipient vessels. The present study aims to elucidate this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 fresh cadavers, the thoracoacrominal vessels were dissected, and the jejunums were harvested, carrying the second branches of the superior mesenteric arteries and veins as their pedicles. After the mesenteric vessels were anastomosed to the thoracoacrominal vessels, the jejunums were advanced to their maximum upward degree, and the positions of the oral ends were evaluated referring to the hyoid bone. The evaluation was performed under three conditions. In the first condition, the jejunums were simply advanced. In the second condition, tension of the mesenteriums was reduced by incising their serosa. In the third condition, mesenterial incision was also performed, and the anastomosed pedicles were placed under the clavicles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The jejunums can reach superior to the hyoid bone by 2.1 ± 1.5 SD cm for males and by 1.9 ± 1.5 SD for females. By incising the mesenteric serosa, these distances can be extended by about 2 cm for males and 1 cm for females. Further extension of 2 cm can be obtained for both sexes by placing the pedicle under the clavicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With patients whose neck regions lack vessels available for vascular anastomosis, the thoracoacrominal vessels are used in free jejunum transfer for cervical oesophagus reconstruction. The findings of the present study are useful in planning this type of reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University Hospital, Shinjuku-Ward Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, Japan. nagasao@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasao
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Weijin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Imanishi
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D002102:Cadaver; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004944:Esophagoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007583:Jejunum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000601:surgery*