title: Reading, writing, and obesity: America's failing grade in school nutrition and physical education.
abstract: The childhood obesity epidemic has left healthcare professionals and laymen alike questioning the best strategy to improve children's health in the future. To effectively combat childhood obesity, we must have a thorough understanding of the establishment and development of programs currently responsible for pediatric health. This article explores the history of two influential programs affecting children's diet and physical activity levels in schools: the National School Lunch Program and physical education classes. It is revealed that the National School Lunch Program contributes to the overall school nutrition environment, including the presence of fast food and vending machines on campuses. The history of physical education is traced back to ancient Greece, and it is shown that the familiar sports-based curriculum is an advent of the 19th century, with the roots of physical education originating from the founders of preventive medicine. Select childhood obesity and health intervention studies are reviewed with a focus on identifying notable features pertaining to the effectiveness of these programs. Future directions and recommendations, based on the history of these programs as well as evidence from current pediatric health studies, outlining the basis for a modernized health-based physical education curriculum designed to address today's public health concerns, are further discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85733, USA. schaub@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marian
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet / Q000266:history; D015444:Exercise; D005522:Food Services / Q000266:history; D006266:Health Education; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D012572:School Health Services / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States