title: Ginger phytochemicals mitigate the obesogenic effects of a high-fat diet in mice: a proteomic and biomarker network analysis.
abstract: METHODS
  Natural dietary anti-obesogenic phytochemicals may help combat the rising global incidence of obesity. We aimed to identify key hepatic pathways targeted by anti-obsogenic ginger phytochemicals fed to mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weaning mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 6-gingerol (HFG), zerumbone (HFZ), a characterized rhizome extract of the ginger-related plant Alpinia officinarum Hance (high fat goryankang, HFGK) or no phytochemicals (high-fat control, HFC) for 6 wks and were compared with mice on a low-fat control diet (LFC). Increased adiposity in the HFC group, compared with the LFC group, was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the HFG and HFGK groups without food intake being affected. Correlation network analysis, including a novel residuals analysis, was utilized to investigate relationships between liver proteomic data, lipid and cholesterol biomarkers and physiological indicators of adiposity. 6-Gingerol significantly increased plasma cholesterol but hepatic farnesyl diphosphate synthetase, which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis was decreased, possibly by negative feedback. Acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 and enoyl CoA hydratase, which participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) increased by consumption of phytochemical-supplemented diets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary ginger phytochemicals target cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in mice, with anti-obesogenic but also hypercholesterolemic consequences.
authors.affiliation: Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. J.Beattie@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: Fergus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: Margaret-Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cantlay
authors.forename: Graham W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Horgan
authors.forename: In-Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kwun
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Tae-Youl
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000102:Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C403304:zerumbone; C007845:gingerol; D002784:Cholesterol; D000102:Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase; D051228:Geranyltranstransferase; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase