title: Safety and performance of TCI pumps in a magnetic resonance imaging environment.
abstract: Target controlled infusion (TCI) devices can be associated with significant safety concerns when used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We tested the safety and compatibility of newer TCI systems in a 3-Tesla MRI environment. Two Asena PK and two Agilia TCI pumps were used to administer TCI propofol (at target blood concentrations of 0.5 and 6.0 μg.ml⁻¹) using the Marsh model under magnetic fields of up to 50 G with a T2-weighted sequence. We assessed the devices for projectile risk, accuracy of drug delivery, alarm function and effects on MR image quality. Both devices did not demonstrate any significant deflection at the tested field strengths, and performed within acceptable limits (cumulative error in total delivered volume < 3%; maximum 10-min interval error < 10%). The Asena pump caused minor artefacts on MR images. The TCI pumps tested perform well and safely implement pharmacokinetic software in a high magnetic field.
authors.affiliation:  Clinical Research Fellow, Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Adapa
authors.affiliation:  Clinical Scientist, Medical Physics & Clinical Engineering Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Axell
authors.affiliation:  Clinical Scientist, Medical Physics & Clinical Engineering Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mangat
authors.affiliation:  University Reader, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation:  Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Absalom
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016477:Artifacts; D056902:Clinical Alarms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004868:Equipment Failure; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011846:Radio Waves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol