title: A two pulse drug delivery system for amoxicillin: an attempt to counter the scourge of bacterial resistance against antibiotics.
abstract: Bearing in mind the present scenario of the increasing biological tolerance of bacteria against antibiotics, a time controlled two pulse dosage form of amoxicillin was developed. The compression coating inlay tablet approach was used to deliver the drug in two pulses to different parts of the GIT after a well defined lag time between the two releases. This was made possible by formulating a core containing one of the two drug fractions (intended to be delivered as the second pulse), which was spray coated with a suspension of ethyl cellulose and a hydrophilic but water insoluble agent as a pore former (microcrystalline cellulose). Coating of up to 5% (m/m) was applied over the core tablet, giving a corresponding lag of 3, 5, 7 and 12 h. Increasing the level of coating led to retardation of the water uptake capacity of the core, leading to prolongation of the lag time. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as a hydrophilic but water insoluble porosity modifier in the barrier layer, varying the concentration of which had a significant effect on shortening or prolongation of the lag time. This coated system was further partially compression coated with the remaining drug fraction (to be released as the first immediate release pulse) with a disintegrant, giving a final tablet. The core tablet and the final two pulse inlay tablet were further investigated for their in vitro performance.
authors.affiliation: Alwar Pharmacy College, Alwar-301030, Rajasthan, India. habban2007@gmail.com
authors.forename: Habban
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saigal
authors.forename: Sanjula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baboota
authors.forename: Shah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faisal
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D055870:Drug Chronotherapy; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D013607:Tablets; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D000658:Amoxicillin; D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose