title: Prevalence and psychiatric correlates of pain interference among men and women in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine gender differences in the associations of levels of pain interference and psychiatric disorders among a nationally representative sample of adult men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed on data obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions from 42,750 adult respondents (48% men; 52% women), who were categorized according to three levels of pain interference (i.e., no or low pain interference [NPI], moderate pain interference [MPI], severe pain interference [SPI]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female respondents in comparison to male respondents were more likely to exhibit moderate (p < 0.001) or severe pain interference (p < 0.001). Levels of pain interference were associated with past-year Axis I and lifetime Axis II psychiatric disorders in both male and female respondents (p < 0.05), with the largest odds typically observed in association with moderate or severe pain interference. A stronger relationship between MPI and alcohol abuse or dependence (OR = 1.61, p < 0.05) was observed in male participants as compared to female ones, while a stronger relationship between SPI and drug abuse or dependence (OR = 0.57, p < 0.05) was observed in female respondents as compared to male ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levels of pain interference are associated with the prevalence of Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders in both men and women. Differences in the patterns of co-occurring substance-related disorders between levels of pain interference in male and female respondents indicate the importance of considering gender-related factors associated with levels of pain interference in developing improved mental health prevention and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, USA. declan.barry@yale.edu
authors.forename: Declan T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilver
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.forename: Rani A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult