title: Effect of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) leaf extract on the swimming endurance and exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress of rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seabuckthorn (SBT) leaves have significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-fatigue, antioxidant and tissue-protective properties of aqueous lyophilised extracts of SBT dried leaves in the hearts of Wistar male rats undergoing exhaustive physical exercise. Doses of 50, 200 and 800 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (BW) day⁻¹ were given orally for 1 week. A week later the rats were forced to swim in barrels until they were exhausted. The times were noted to establish the effective dose of the extracts in rats. After establishing the effective dose, the rats were then sacrificed and assessed for various biochemical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SBT leaf aqueous extracts (200 and 800 mg kg⁻¹ BW) markedly prolonged the swim time of rats. Supplementation with SBT leaf aqueous extracts helped reduce the exhaustive exercise-induced increase in malondialdehyde level and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. Alanine aminotransferase and creatine kinase levels were lowered in the exhaustive exercise with SBT treatment group (E + SBT) compared with the exhaustive exercise group (E).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that SBT leaf aqueous extract supplements can enhance exercise capacity and protect against oxidative damage caused by exhaustive exercise in rats.
authors.affiliation: Physical Education College, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China. zhengxy@sxu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xianyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wenmin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Gening
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005221:Fatigue / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D031281:Hippophae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010088:Oxidoreductases