title: [Positive and negative regulation of transcription from HIV provirus].
abstract: The RNA genome of retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) will be converted into DNA, called "propvirus". This proviral DNA will be integrated into host cell genome and behave like host genes. Since the step at which the viral RNA genome is converted into DNA will not allow any increase of viral genetic information because of the presence of RNaseH activity inherent to the reverse transcriptase and is responsible for the degradation of viral RNA in forming the DNA:RNA hybrid as the intermediate molecule for this conversion. However, during transcription from proviral DNA into viral RNA, hundreds and even thousands of mRNA encoding viral information will be synthesized by the action of host cellular RNA polymerase II, thus producing a large amount of progeny viral particles after translation and assembly. HIV is unique in that it contains virus-specific transcriptional activator called Tat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. tokamoto@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D020148:Butyric Acid; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000378:metabolism; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000502:physiology; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000502:physiology; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004279:DNA, Viral; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D020148:Butyric Acid; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D016914:Ribonuclease H