title: Enhancement of antibody class-switch recombination by the cumulative activity of four separate elements.
abstract: Class-switch recombination of Ab isotype is mediated by a recombinational DNA deletion event and must be robustly upregulated during Ag-driven differentiation of B cells. The enhancer region 3' of the Cα gene is important for the upregulation of switch recombination. Using a transgene of the entire H chain C region locus, we demonstrate in this study that it is the four 3' enhancer elements themselves (a total of 4.7 kb) that are responsible for the upregulation rather than the 24 kb of DNA in between them. Neither allelic exclusion nor transgenic μ expression is reduced by deletion of the four 3' enhancers. We also test deletions of two or three of the 3' enhancers and show that deletion of more 3' enhancers results in a progressive reduction in both switch recombination and germline transcription of all H chain genes. Nevertheless, we find evidence for special roles for some 3' enhancers; different H chain genes are affected by different 3' enhancer deletions. Thus, we find that the dramatic induction of class-switch recombination during Ag-driven differentiation is the result of an interaction among four separated regulatory elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. wesadunn@umich.edu
authors.forename: Wesley A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Dunnick
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zerbato
authors.forename: Clinton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching / Q000235:genetics*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000276:immunology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D014157:Transcription Factors