title: Genome-wide analysis of yeast stress survival and tolerance acquisition to analyze the central trade-off between growth rate and cellular robustness.
abstract: All organisms have evolved to cope with changes in environmental conditions, ensuring the optimal combination of proliferation and survival. In yeast, exposure to a mild stress leads to an increased tolerance for other stresses. This suggests that yeast uses information from the environment to prepare for future threats. We used the yeast knockout collection to systematically investigate the genes and functions involved in severe stress survival and in the acquisition of stress (cross-) tolerance. Besides genes and functions relevant for survival of heat, acid, and oxidative stress, we found an inverse correlation between mutant growth rate and stress survival. Using chemostat cultures, we confirmed that growth rate governs stress tolerance, with higher growth efficiency at low growth rates liberating the energy for these investments. Cellular functions required for stress tolerance acquisition, independent of the reduction in growth rate, were involved in vesicular transport, the Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex, and the mitotic cell cycle. Stress resistance and acquired stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are governed by a combination of stress-specific and general processes. The reduction of growth rate, irrespective of the cause of this reduction, leads to redistribution of resources toward stress tolerance functions, thus preparing the cells for impending change.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakrzewska
authors.forename: Gerco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Eikenhorst
authors.forename: Johanna E C
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Burggraaff
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Vis
authors.forename: Huub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoefsloot
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delneri
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brul
authors.forename: Gertien J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Smits
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; C071665:RPD3 protein, S cerevisiae; D006655:Histone Deacetylases