title: Decreased expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 9 is associated with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP-9) and determine its clinical significance in human ccRCCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of DUSP-9 mRNA was determined in 46 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues by using real-time qPCR. The expression of the DUSP-9 was determined in 211 samples of ccRCCs and 107 paired samples of adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed to define the relationship between the expression of DUSP-9 and the clinical features of ccRCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA level of DUSP-9, which was determined by real-time RT-PCR, was found to be significantly lower in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p < 0.001). An immunohistochemical analysis of 107 paired tissue specimens showed that the DUSP-9 expression was lower in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the DUSP-9 expression in ccRCCs and gender (p = 0.031), tumor size (p = 0.001), pathologic stage (p = 0.001), Fuhrman grade (p = 0.002), T stage (p = 0.001), N classification (p = 0.012), metastasis (p = 0.005), and recurrence (p < 0.001). Patients with lower DUSP-9 expression had shorter overall survival time than those with higher DUSP-9 expression (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that low expression of the DUSP-9 was an independent predictor for poor survival of ccRCC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study that determines the relationship between DUSP-9 expression and prognosis in ccRCC. We found that decreased expression of DUSP-9 is associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. DUSP-9 may represent a novel and useful prognostic marker for ccRCC.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, PR China.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhiling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhimao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zike
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhuowei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xianxin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aifa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yaoting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Fangjian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054639:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054639:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases; C104821:DUSP9 protein, human; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases