title: Development of a perceptual hyperthermia index to evaluate heat strain during treadmill exercise.
abstract: Fire suppression and rescue is a physiologically demanding occupation due to extreme external heat as well as the physical and thermal burden of the protective garments. These conditions challenge body temperature homeostasis and results in heat stress. Accurate field assessment of core temperature is complex and unreliable. The present investigation developed a perceptually based hyperthermia metric to measure physiologic exertional heat strain during treadmill exercise. Sixty-five (28.9 ± 6.8 years) female (n = 11) and male (n = 54) firefighters and non-firefighting volunteers participated in four related exertional heat stress investigations performing treadmill exercise in a heated room while wearing thermal protective clothing. Body core temperature, perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were assessed at baseline, 20-mins exercise, and at termination. Perceived exertion increased from baseline (0.24 ± 0.42) to termination (7.43 ± 1.86). Thermal sensation increased from baseline (1.78 ± 0.77) to termination (4.50 ± 0.68). Perceived exertion and thermal sensation were measured concurrently with body core temperature to develop a two-dimensional graphical representation of three exertional heat strain zones representative of a range of mean body core temperature responses such that low risk (green) incorporated 36.0-37.4°C, moderate risk (yellow) incorporated 37.5-37.9°C, and high risk (red) incorporated 38.0 to greater than 40.5°C. The perceptual hyperthermia index (PHI) may provide a quick and easy momentary assessment of the level of risk for exertional heat stress for firefighters engaged in fire suppression that may be beneficial in high-risk environments that threaten the lives of firefighters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Ave, Conway, AR 72035, USA. GallagherM@uca.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Fredric L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: Elizabeth F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Nagle-Stilley
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hostler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000503:physiopathology*; D061388:Firefighters; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult