title: Experimental dry socket: microscopic and molecular evaluation of two treatment modalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two treatment modalities of dry socket in rats and to discuss the first findings of the molecular analysis in this experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  84 rats underwent a tooth extraction were divided in 4 groups: I-uninfected socket (control), II-infected socket without any treatment, III-infected socket treated with irrigation of 2% sodium iodide and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, IV-infected socket submitted to curettage, irrigation with physiological saline solution and fulfilled with metronidazole paste as base. The groups were subdivided in postoperative sacrifice periods: 6/15/28 days. A quantitative and a qualitative microscopic analysis was performed. Also, a quantitative analysis was performed using a RealTimePCR to evaluate the genes expression in the wound healing: Collagen Type I/COL-I, vascular endothelial growth factor/VEGF, osteocalcin/OCN, alkaline phosphatase/ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2/RUNX2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha/TNF-α.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group I showed higher bone formation, followed by groups IV, III, II respectively. The group II presented higher inflammatory infiltrate and the wound healing was delayed compared with other groups. It was obtained a significant positive correlation between bone neoformation and the expression of OCN and RUNX2, inflammatory infiltrate with TNF-α and a negative correlation between bone neoformation and TNF-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant difference was found between the treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP, Brazil. cardoso_lopes@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Camila Lopes
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Osny
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ferreira Júnior
authors.forename: Paulo S Perri de
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Thiago José
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dionísio
authors.forename: Tânia Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: Gustavo Pompermaier
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garlet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density; D004368:Dry Socket / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012974:Sodium Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D008795:Metronidazole; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D012974:Sodium Iodide