title: [Intervention effects of inclusive support in an "exercise and a nutritional community-based prevention program" for pre-frail elderly individuals].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine intervention effects of a community-based prevention program for pre-frail elderly individuals by comparing an intervention group (exercise with nutritional care) with a control group (exercise without nutritional care).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in Y town and S city in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan. The subjects comprised 161 pre-frail elderly individuals in the community-based prevention program, who were divided into two groups, the intervention group (N = 81, Y town, mean age : 76.2 +/- 5.7 years), and the control group (N = 81, S city, mean age 76.2 +/- 4.7 years). The items surveyed included age, gender, activities of daily living, functional capacity, and dietary variety score (DVS). Functional fitness measurement items (grip strength, alternate step, 5-repetition sit-to-stand, one-leg balance with eyes open, tandem stance, functional reach (FR), sit and reach, 5-m habitual walk, and timed up and go (TUG)) and blood data were assessed at the beginning and end of the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DVS of the intervention group was significantly improved compared to that of the control group (P < 0.01). In particular, the food frequencies of fish and shellfish, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and fat and oil (P < 0.01) were significantly increased in the intervention group, as were those of soybean products, seaweed, and potatoes (P < 0.05). On the other hand, significant increases were seen only in the frequencies of fish and shellfish, meat, and milk in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvement in five-repetition sit-to-stand, tandem stance, FR, sit and reach, and TUG by the end of the intervention. In addition, the intervention group's performance on one-leg balance with eyes open (P < 0.05) was significantly improved even after adjusting for age, gender, and the functional fitness measurement items which were different at the beginning of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a combined exercise and nutrition program for pre-frail elderly individuals improves their food intake and functional fitness.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukasaku
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Mi-Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yabushita
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.forename: Kiyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006266:Health Education; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male