title: Is maternal diabetes a risk factor for childhood obesity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective is to determine if there is a relationship between diabetes during pregnancy and childhood obesity, in our inner-city, African-American population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pertinent child, neonatal and maternal pregnancy and delivery data were collected from mothers of children age 2-5 years old. Outcome variable definition was based on children's body mass index (BMI) subgroups; independent variable definition on birthweight subgroups based on customized growth percentiles. Covariates included pre and postnatal factors. Those covariates marginally related to diabetes (p < 0.2) by bivariate analyses, were allowed to compete in logistic regression, with p < 0.05 significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and ninety-three patients were enrolled, of which 35 (7.1%) had diabetes during pregnancy. Children of diabetic mothers were more likely to be obese at age 2-5 years than those of non-diabetics (p = 0.004). Five of 20 covariates had p < 0.2 in bivariate setting. Following stepwise logistic regression, diabetes and maternal prepregnancy BMI were significant determinants of childhood obesity. When large-for-gestational age (LGA) was added into the model, diabetes was no longer significant (p = 0.105); only LGA (p = 0.008) and maternal prepregnancy BMI (p = 0.032) were significantly associated with childhood obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our inner-city, primarily African-American population, diabetes in pregnancy is significantly related to childhood obesity at age 2-5 years. Well-controlled diabetes during pregnancy that avoids macrosomia may lead to prevention of future childhood obesity as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA. smehta3@hfhs.org
authors.forename: Shobha H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sokol
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000628:therapy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects