title: From Ambroise Paré to the surgeon of the 21(st) century, or, from surgical ligation to robots.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie viscérale et gynécologique, hôpital des Diaconesses, 18, rue du Sergent-Bauchat, 75012 Paris, France. rvillet@hopital-dcss.org
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villet
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation; D012371:Robotics / Q000266:history