title: Recommendations for the management of urinary disorders in multiple sclerosis: a consensus of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Study Group.
abstract: Urinary disorders are uncommon in the initial phases of multiple sclerosis, but increase in frequency as the disease progresses, with a negative impact on quality of life. The goal of this study was to propose a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary disorders in multiple sclerosis, based on data from the scientific literature and the experience of Italian clinical centres. In particular, the following clinical aspects were considered: what to do with patients with asymptomatic multiple sclerosis; what to do with symptomatic patients; how and when to perform a second-level diagnostic evaluation; and how to treat urinary disorders. A diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm is proposed, that can be applied in Italian clinical centres.
authors.affiliation: Neurology II Department, Multiple Sclerosis Study Centre, Gallarate Hospital, 21013 Gallarate, Italy. angelo.ghezzi@aogallarate.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghezzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Popolo
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comola
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Del Carro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Benedetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannantoni
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lopes de Carvalho
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Patti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Protti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scandellari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sperli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uccelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaffaroni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zipoli
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy