title: Pharmacological and biomedical properties of sea anemones Paracondactylis indicus, Paracondactylis sinensis, Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni from East coast of India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the biomedical and pharmacological activity of Paracondactylis indicus (P. indicus), Paracondactylis sinensis (P. sinensis), Heteractis magnifica (H. magnifica) and Stichodactyla haddoni (S. haddoni).
  
  
  METHODS
  The live sea anemones were kept inside the glass bowl along with some amount of distilled water in an ice container for 15 min. During stress condition, nematocysts released from the tentacles were collected and centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant were collected in separate cleaned beakers for lyophilisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein content of crude extracts was 15.2, 28.7, 18.2 and 35.4 μg/mL. In hemolytic assay, the P. indicus was sensitive (16.842 HT/mg) on chicken blood but P. sinensis was less sensitive (1.114 HT/mg) on chicken and goat blood. Whereas H. magnifica and S. haddoni showed hemolysis (0.879, 0.903 HT/mg and 56.263, 0.451 HT/mg) in chicken and goat blood. In antimicrobial assay, the methanol extract of P. indicus showed maximum inhibition zone of 9.7 mm against S. typhii and P. sinensis showed 9.8 mm against K. pneumonia in methanol and ethanol extracts. Whereas the H. magnifica and S. haddoni showed maximum of 10 mm against S. typhii, K. pneumonia in methanol and ethanol extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high toxic sea anemones may also contain some biologically active agents which has haemolytic, analgesic and anti-infilamatory activity.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India. drpragathi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Bragadeeswaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Thangaraj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sangappellai
authors.forename: Rajiv Chandra
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rajak
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diraviam
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D006041:Goats; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006461:Hemolysis; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D058894:Nematocyst / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D011506:Proteins