title: Reorganization of motor system in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated adaptive reorganization in Parkinson's disease (PD) by fMRI using a passive movement task and compared the brain activation patterns of 10 patients with left- versus right-sided dominant symptoms. Five healthy controls were also investigated with the same settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We grouped patients according to the predominant side of symptoms; thus, a right-sided dominant and a left-sided dominant group was formed. The paradigm consisted of a 4-finger passive movement task, which altered with resting states. For each subject, this examination was performed twice: on the left and on the right hand separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In healthy controls, motor-related areas contralateral to the moving fingers showed activation on fMRI. Concerning PD patients, motor-related areas of the ipsilateral hemisphere - including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and basal ganglia - seemed to be involved in the motor reorganization in PD. However, we could only demonstrate this reorganization in patients with right-sided dominant symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the human brain in PD tries to compensate for the failure of the basal ganglia motor loop by employing alternative (ipsilateral) motor pathways, indicating that a complex reorganization can also take place in disorders like PD which affect the whole motor-related network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kalmar
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perlaki
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aschermann
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kerekes
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaszas
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balas
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komoly
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarcz
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janszky
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen