title: The expression of antioxidant enzymes in the gingivae of type 2 diabetics with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is controversial evidence regarding the levels of antioxidant molecules in type 2 diabetes periodontitis patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the gingival tissue of poorly and well-controlled type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival biopsies were harvested from systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (n=12), systemically healthy subjects with CP (n=15), well-controlled (n=8) and poorly controlled (n=14) diabetic subjects with CP. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of peroxiredoxin (PRDX) 1 and 2, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and 2 were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that PRDX1 and GPX1 were up-regulated by periodontitis (p<0.05), independently of the glycaemic status, whilst PRDX2 and SOD2 genes were slightly influenced by periodontitis, but significantly induced when periodontitis was associated with DM, especially under a poor glycaemic control (p<0.05). Moreover, CAT and SOD1 expressions were not significantly influenced by any of these inflammatory disorders (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, both PRDX1 and GPX1 were overexpressed in CP whilst PRDX2 and SOD2 were up-regulated especially in the poorly controlled diabetic group with CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Poliana M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Marcelo H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Napimoga
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Fagnani
authors.forename: Vanessa R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Marta F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Fernanda V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Vera C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Ana Paula D
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Demasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005881:Gingiva / Q000201:enzymology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase