title: Apolipoprotein B, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and LDL particle size in predicting the incidence of metabolic syndrome: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether serum apolipoprotein B (apoB) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle characteristics (oxidation and mean particle size) predict the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The 6-year follow-up study included 1429 adults (baseline mean age 31.5). Lipids, apoB, and apoA1 were measured at baseline in 2001. LDL oxidation was measured with monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (oxLDL-prot) and with a method measuring oxidized lipids in LDL (oxLDL-lipids). Mean LDL particle size was calculated from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased concentrations of both oxLDL-measures were associated with increased apoB levels but not with LDL particle size. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for MetS incidence during a 6-year follow up by quartiles of apoB were 2.0 (1.0-3.8) for the second quartile, 3.1 (1.7-5.7) for the third quartile, and 4.2 (2.3-7.6) for the fourth quartile. This association remained after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, smoking, LDL cholesterol, oxidized LDL measures (p ≤ 0.01) in addition to risk factors comprising the MetS (p = 0.03). OxLDL-prot and oxLDL-lipids levels were not independently associated with incident MetS after adjusting for apoB. Mean LDL particle size was not associated with the incidence of MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ApoB is associated with increased risk of MetS incidence. We found no clear evidence to suggest that increased LDL oxidation or small mean LDL particle size would facilitate the development of MetS.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, Finland. jkkosk@utu.fi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: Costan G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Magnussen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Würtz
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Antti J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kangas
authors.forename: Jorma Sa
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kähönen
authors.forename: Britt-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahotupa
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Korpela
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010316:Particle Size; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein