title: The effect of the addition of resistance training to a dietary education intervention on apolipoproteins and diet quality in overweight and obese older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine the additive effect of resistance training (RT) to a dietary education (DE) intervention on emerging coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, concentration of apolipoproteins B (apoB) and A-I (apoA-I), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Index scores in overweight and obese older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial held in the Fall of 2008 at the University of Rhode Island. Participants were overweight or obese subjects (mean body mass index [BMI] of 31.7 kg/m(2)) randomized into two groups, one participating in DE only (n = 12) and the other participating in DE plus RT (DERT) (n = 15). The intervention involved all subjects participating in 30 minutes of DE per week for 10 weeks. Subjects in the DERT group participated in an additional 40 minutes of RT three times per week for 10 weeks. Measurements taken were anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, and body composition using the BOD POD(®) [Body Composition System, v 2.14; Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA]), clinical (blood pressure), and biochemical (lipid profile and apoB and apoA-I concentrations), and the DASH Diet Index was used to measure diet quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  27 subjects (11 males, 16 females), with a mean age of 66.6 ± 4.3 years, were included in analyses. The DERT subjects had significantly better triacylglycerol and apoB concentrations and DASH Diet Index scores than the DE subjects post-intervention. Improvements were seen within the DE group in energy intake, fat-free mass, and systolic blood pressure and within the DERT group in body weight, percentage of body fat, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (all P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of RT effectively reduced CHD risk factors, body composition, and diet quality in overweight and obese older adults; DERT was more effective than DE alone in improving DASH Diet Index scores and lowering apoB concentrations but was not more effective in increasing apoA-I concentrations. Future research is needed to determine if apolipoproteins are superior to lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in predicting CHD risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sheehy
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gutierres
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Delmonico
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Lofgren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000628:therapy; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins