title: Effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against bacteria and viruses on a glass surface in wet environments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of low-concentration chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) gas against model microbes in the wet state on a glass surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We set up a test room (39 m(3)) and the ClO(2) gas was produced by a ClO(2) gas generator that continuously releases a constant low-concentration ClO(2) gas. Influenza A virus (Flu-A), feline calicivirus (FCV), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were chosen as the model microbes. The low-concentration ClO(2) gas (mean 0.05 ppmv, 0.14 mg m(-3)) inactivated Flu-A and E. coli (>5 log(10) reductions) and FCV and S. aureus (>2 log(10) reductions) in the wet state on glass dishes within 5 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of wet environments in the presence of human activity such as kitchens and bathrooms with the low-concentration ClO(2) gas would be useful for reducing the risk of infection by bacteria and viruses residing on the environmental hard surfaces without adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the low-concentration ClO(2) gas (mean 0.05 ppmv) inactivates various kinds of microbes such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enveloped and nonenveloped viruses in the wet state.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Department, Taiko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suita, Osaka, Japan. morino@seirogan.co.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects; D002415:Cats; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide