title: Nucleolin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides induce apoptosis and may be             used as a potential drug for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy.
abstract: Nucleolin (C23, NCL) mRNA was up-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)             cells compared to that of normal nasomucosal (NNM) cells using a cDNA microarray             approach. The level of nucleolin protein was also up-regulated in 13 NPC cell             lines, 30 biopsy specimens and nine other cancer cell lines compared to five NNM             cells or normal stromal cells, which were analyzed using immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry.             We transfected nucleolin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (phosphorothioate-modified             oligodeoxynucleotides; S-ODNs) into NPC-TW01 cells to knockdown nucleolin expression             to evaluate the function of nucleolin in cancer cells. Nucleolin knockdown induced             NPC cells but not NNM cells to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, treatment of NPC-TW01             xenograft tumors with nucleolin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides suppressed the             growth of xenograft tumors without obvious side effects. Therefore, we suggest             that nucleolin may be a potential cancer therapeutic target and that nucleolin             antisense oligodeoxynucleotides may be used as a potential drug for therapy in             NPC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Cheng-Der
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hung-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yuan-Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Ruei-Min
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yu-Chyi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Han-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chin-Tarng
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000097796:Nucleolin
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000097796:Nucleolin