title: Initial proximal obstruction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in patients with preterm-related posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstruction is the most common complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in patients with hydrocephalus. Despite technical advances, rates of obstruction have barely decreased and remain at over 40% of cases. Patients suffering from preterm-related posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus are considered a group with a particularly high risk of obstruction. The aim of the present study was to review our series of patients with preterm-related posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus and analyse the occurrence of the first ventricular shunt obstruction as well as the related clinical and radiological factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of 103 cases treated from 1982 to 2010. Descriptive analysis, raw and adjusted bivariate correlations and survival analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the course of the follow-up, 42 patients presented at least one episode of obstruction that required proximal revision. Medium-opening pressure valves were associated with a higher rate of obstruction compared to low-opening pressure valves; however, in our series this association became statistically significant only in patients with a weight of over 2,000 g at the time of surgery (odds ratio 6.75). The occurrence of previous infection and the development of late slit ventricle syndrome were also significantly associated with obstruction of the ventricular catheter (odds ratios 3.35 and 4.27, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of shunt obstruction in preterm-related posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus remain high but do not seem to be higher than in other groups of paediatric hydrocephalus. Prevention of infection and the use of the appropriate type of valve design can help to decrease the incidence of proximal shunt obstruction, which in turn could decrease the incidence of symptomatic slit ventricle syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain. mirandalloret@gmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simal
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plaza
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botella
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D056124:Slit Ventricle Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects*