title: Associations of pregnancy characteristics with maternal and cord steroid hormones, angiogenic factors, and insulin-like growth factor axis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to comprehensively profile biological factors in pregnancy that have been postulated to be important components of the in utero environment and may also have relevance to later susceptibility to cancer and other chronic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steroid sex hormones, IGFs, and angiogenic factors were measured in maternal and cord serum from term normotensive pregnancies. Spearman correlations and linear regression estimated relationships among the biological factors and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analytes were generally not correlated between maternal and fetal circulations. However, significant correlations were demonstrated among several analytes within maternal or cord samples. A few analytes were associated with clinical characteristics (e.g., maternal IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were inversely correlated with offspring birth weight, while maternal leptin and cord testosterone were positively correlated with this characteristic). Maternal androgens were higher in African-Americans than whites, and maternal PlGF and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) were higher in male than female offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were significant correlations among analytes, but the patterns differed depending on whether they were measured in the maternal or fetal circulation. The number and magnitude of correlations among analytes, however, should affect the design and interpretation of future studies.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Center for Cancer Training, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd. (EPS), Bethesda, MD 20892-7105, USA. badgerje@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Faupel-Badger
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S Ananth
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Karumanchi
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McElrath
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D020738:Leptin; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II