title: N,N'-Dithiobisphthalimide, a disulfide aromatic compound, is a potent spermicide agent in humans.
abstract: Several studies have shown that users of vaginal preparations containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) are at a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Therefore, there is a great interest in identifying compounds that can specifically inhibit sperm without damaging the vaginal lining, possess a powerful spermicide activity, and can be used in contraceptive vaginal preparations to replace N-9. In this work, we studied the spermostatic and/or spermicidal activity of five non-detergent, disulfide compounds on human sperm, HeLa cells, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The motility and viability of human sperm in semen and culture medium was evaluated after treatment with different concentrations of the disulfide compounds (2.5 - 100 µM). In addition, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and L. acidophilus. We identified compound 101, N,N'-dithiobisphthalimide (No. CAS 7764-30-9), as the most effective molecule. It has a half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of 8 µM and a minimum effective concentration (defined as the concentration that immobilizes 100 percent of the sperm in 20 sec) of 24 µM. At these concentrations, compound 101 does not affect the viability of the sperm, HeLa cells, or L. acidophilus. Our results indicate that dithiobisphthalimide has a potent spermostatic, irreversible effect with no toxic effects on HeLa cells and L. acidophilus.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Florez
authors.forename: Emilce S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010797:Phthalimides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D010797:Phthalimides; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents; C570714:N,N'-dithiobisphthalimide