title: Organ specific regenerative markers in peri-organ adipose: kidney.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutically bioactive cell populations are currently understood to promote regenerative outcomes in vivo by leveraging mechanisms of action including secretion of growth factors, site specific engraftment and directed differentiation. Constitutive cellular populations undoubtedly participate in the regenerative process. Adipose tissue represents a source of therapeutically bioactive cell populations. The potential of these cells to participate in various aspects of the regenerative process has been demonstrated broadly. However, organ association of secretory and developmental markers to specific peri-organ adipose depots has not been investigated. To characterize this topographical association, we explored the potential of cells isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of kidney sourced adipose to express key renal associated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report that renal adipose tissue is a novel reservoir for EPO expressing cells. Kidney sourced adipose stromal cells demonstrate hypoxia regulated expression of EPO and VEGF transcripts. Using iso-electric focusing, we demonstrate that kidney and non-kidney sourced adipose stromal cells present unique patterns of EPO post-translational modification, consistent with the idea that renal and non-renal sources are functionally distinct adipose depots. In addition, kidney sourced adipose stromal cells specifically express the key renal developmental transcription factor WT1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that kidney sourced adipose stromal (KiSAS) cells may be primed to recreate a regenerative micro-environment within the kidney. These findings open the possibility of isolating solid-organ associated adipose derived cell populations for therapeutic applications in organ-specific regenerative medicine products.
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Research and Assay Development, Tengion Inc, 3929 Westpoint Blvd., Suite G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA. joydeep.basu@tengion.com
authors.forename: Joydeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Genheimer
authors.forename: Namrata
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sangha
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.forename: Kelly I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: Rusty
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ilagan
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ludlow
mesh_terms: D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D044968:Regenerative Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin