title: A translational behavioral model of mood-based impulsivity: Implications for substance abuse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laboratory tasks that measure various facets of impulsivity derived from self-report questionnaires are important for elucidating the behavioral consequences of impulsivity in humans and for back-translating these facets to non-human species. Negative urgency, or mood-based rash action, is a self-report facet of impulsivity linked to problem substance use; however, a valid behavioral task is lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current studies were designed to bridge self-report questionnaire and behavioral measures of negative urgency in humans and to determine if this could be back-translated to rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Humans scoring high in negative urgency showed greater behavioral responding and increased frustration following unexpected reward omission on a monetary-based task compared to subjects low in negative urgency. Rats also showed elevated responding for either sucrose pellets or intravenous amphetamine following unexpected reward omission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that impulsive behavior engendered by unexpected reward omission may represent a valid behavioral model of negative urgency linked to substance abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. gipson@musc.edu
authors.forename: Cassandra D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Gipson
authors.forename: Joshua S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: Zack W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marusich
authors.forename: Travis O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Nesland
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bardo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000661:Amphetamine