title: Are predictive biomarkers of toxicity worth having? An economic model.
abstract: In this paper we model the cost-benefit of excluding populations at risk through predictive toxicity biomarkers and diagnostics.        False positives/ negatives inherent in predictive markers and the frequency and nature of adverse events determine whether biomarkers are beneficial and economically viable.        We present a model that takes these and other factors into account using data largely in line with real world cases.
authors.affiliation: Sandwich Laboratories, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Byron
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Esther F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations