title: Modeling occupants in far-side impacts.
abstract: Far-side impacts are not part of any regulated NCAP, FMVSS, or similar test regime despite accounting for 43 percent of the seriously injured persons and 30 percent of the harm in U.S. side impact crashes. Furthermore, injuries to the head and thorax account for over half of the serious injuries sustained by occupants in far-side crashes. Despite this, there is no regulated or well-accepted anthropomorphic test device (ATD) or computer model available to investigate far-side impacts. As such, this presents an opportunity to assess a computer model that can be used to measure the effect of varying restraint parameters on occupant biomechanics in far-side impacts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sets out to demonstrate the modified TASS human facet model's (MOTHMO) capabilities in modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  MOTHMO's dynamic response was compared to that of postmortem human subjects (PMHS), WorldSID, and Thor-NT in a series of far-side sled tests. The advantages, disadvantages, and differences of using MOTHMO compared to ATDs were highlighted and described in terms of model design and instrumentation. Potential applications and improvements for MOTHMO were also recommended.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that MOTHMO is capable of replicating the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction, pelvis impacts, head displacement, neck and shoulder belt loading from inboard mounted belts, and impacts from multiple directions. Overall, the model performed better than Thor-NT and at least as well as WorldSID when compared to PMHS results. Though WorldSID and Thor-NT ATDs were capable of reproducing many of these impact loads, measuring the seat belt-to-shoulder complex interaction and thoracic deflection at multiple sites and directions was less accurately handled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that MOTHMO is capable of modeling whole-body response in far-side impacts. Furthermore, MOTHMO can be used as a virtual design tool to explore the effect of varying restraint parameters on occupant kinematics in far-side crash configurations.
authors.affiliation: Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria, Australia. clay.douglas@gmail.com
authors.forename: Clay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fildes
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012622:Seat Belts