title: Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid             hemorrhage with microarray analysis.
abstract: Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been studied in terms of a contraction of the major cerebral arteries, but the effect of cerebrum tissue in SAH is not yet well understood. To gain insight into the biology of SAH-expressing cerebrum, we employed oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize the gene expression profiles of cerebrum tissue at the early stage of SAH. Functional gene expression in the cerebrum was analyzed 2 h following stage 1-hemorrhage in Sprague-Dawley rats. mRNA was investigated by performing microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. In this study, 18 upregulated and 18 downregulated genes displayed at least a 1.5-fold change. Five genes were verified by real-time PCR, including three upregulated genes [prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), CD14 antigen, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)] as well as two downregulated genes [KRAB-zinc finger protein-2 (KZF-2) and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 (GABA B receptor)]. Notably, there were functional implications for the three upregulated genes involved in the inflammatory SAH process. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased KZF-2 and GABA B receptor expression in SAH have never been characterized. We conclude that oligonucleotide microarrays have the potential for use as a method to identify candidate genes associated with SAH and to provide novel investigational targets, including genes involved in the immune and inflammatory response. Furthermore, understanding the regulation of MMP9/TIMP1 during the early stages of SAH may elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms in SAH rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chu-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: An-Kuo
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Ching-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chia-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Joon-Khim
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Ann-Shung
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chi-Ying F
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shen-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Howng
authors.forename: Yi-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C117566:ZNF589 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; D000071876:Prostaglandin-E Synthases