title: Microwave-assisted extraction of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum Ait.
abstract: Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are the main active components in fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait, and possess anticancer, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiprotozoal activities. In this study, microwave-assisted extraction of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum was investigated with HPLC-photodiode array detection. Effects of several experimental parameters, such as type and concentration of extraction solvent, ratio of liquid to material, microwave power, extraction temperature and microwave time, on the extraction efficiencies of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustrum lucidum were evaluated. The influence of experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency of ursolic acid was more significant than that of oleanolic acid (p < 0.05). The optimal extraction conditions were 80% ethanol aqueous solution, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:15, and extraction for 30 min at 70 °C under microwave irradiation of 500 W. Under optimal conditions, the yields of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were 4.4 ± 0.20 mg/g and 5.8 ± 0.15 mg/g, respectively. The results obtained are helpful for the full utilization of Ligustrum lucidum, which also indicated that microwave-assisted extraction is a very useful method for extraction of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid from plant materials.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; E-Mails:  enqinxia@163.com  (E.-Q.X.);  boweiwno@163.com  (B.-W.W.);  898013628@qq.com  (L.Z.);  sssongyang@163.com  (Y.S.).
authors.forename: En-Qin
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Bo-Wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiang-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hua-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D031659:Ligustrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097245:Ursolic Acid