title: The ability of common mastitis-causing pathogens to survive an ensiling period.
abstract: A forage-based study was conducted to examine the ability of enterococci, streptococci, and gram-negative bacteria to survive a 3-wk ensiling process. Harvested grass and corn forages were each divided into 3 treatment groups consisting of 2 commercially available silage inoculants and 1 negative control group. Within 24h of harvest, a uniform amount of forage was added to each of 18 vacuum-sealable freezer bags. Inoculants 1 and 2 were applied to each of 6 bags and the remaining 6 bags were not inoculated (negative control). All bags were sealed using an industry-grade vacuum sealer to create a pillow pack. At wk 1, 2, and 3 of the ensiling process, 6 bags were opened, 2 from each of the 3 groups. Dry matter (DM), pH, and bacterial enumeration were determined on the forage before ensiling, as well as at wk 1, 2, and 3 of ensiling. The pH of grass and corn samples decreased to 5.2 and 4.1, respectively, by the end of the ensiling period. Inoculant 2 (7.3 log(10) cfu/g of DM) resulted in a greater enterococcal count in grass samples than did inoculant 1 (4.2 log(10) cfu/g of DM) at 3 wk of ensiling and both were greater than the negative control (1.2 log(10) cfu/g of DM). Counts of streptococci in grass samples at wk 3 were greater in inoculated samples (inoculant 1, 7.6 log(10) cfu/g of DM; inoculant 2, 7.0 log(10) cfu/g of DM) compared with the negative control (4.3 log(10) cfu/g of DM). Treatment differences were observed following 1 wk of ensiling in corn samples. Enterococcal counts on corn samples following the 3-wk ensiling were not significantly different between inoculant 1 (4.3 log(10) cfu/g of DM) and inoculant 2 (4.4 log(10) cfu/g of DM). However, counts in both inoculated groups were greater than in the negative control group (4.0 log(10) cfu/g of DM). No significant treatment differences were observed for streptococci counts at wk 3. Counts for gram-negative bacteria were not detectable by wk 3 of ensiling in either grass or corn samples. The addition of a silage inoculant led to greater counts of enterococci and streptococci in grass silage compared with the negative control at the end of a 3-wk ensiling period. The application of a silage inoculant led to increased enterococci counts, but not streptococci counts, in corn samples following the ensiling period. These data indicate that enterococci and streptococci are able to survive the pH decrease observed during ensiling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA. milk@vt.edu
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Petersson-Wolfe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masiello
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D005516:Food Microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology; D050296:Microbial Viability; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology; D012820:Silage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology