title: Reconceptualizing in a dual-system model the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on adolescent development: a short review.
abstract: The mechanisms of long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and consequent elevated impulsivity during adolescence are poorly understood. In this review, the development-programmed neural maturation is summarized to highlight adolescence as another critical period of brain development. We further synthesize maladaptation of the dopamine (DA) system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPA-axis) and pathological interactions between these two systems originating from previous fetal programming into a dual-system model to explain insufficient behavioral inhibition in affected adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lester
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D003042:Cocaine