title: Effects of periadolescent fluoxetine and paroxetine on elevated plus-maze, acoustic startle, and swimming immobility in rats while on and off-drug.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) exposure during adolescent brain development causes lasting effects remains unresolved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assess the effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine 60 days after adolescent exposure compared with when on-drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley littermates (41 litters) were gavaged on postnatal days 33-53 with fluoxetine (3 or 10 mg/kg/day), paroxetine (3, 10 or, 17 mg/kg/day), or water; half were tested while on-drug (21 litters) and half after 60 days off-drug (20 litters).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest dose of the drugs reduced body weight gain during treatment that rebounded 1 week post-treatment. On-drug, no significant group differences were found on elevated plus maze time-in-open, zone entries, or latency to first open entry; however, the high dose of paroxetine significantly reduced head-dips (N=20/group). No significant effects were found on-drug for acoustic startle response/prepulse inhibition (ASR/PPI) although a trend (p<0.10) was seen, which after combining dose levels, showed a significant increase in ASR amplitude for both fluoxetine and paroxetine (N=20-21/group). No differences on immobility time were seen in the Porsolt forced swim test or in plasma corticosterone at the end of forced swim (N-19-21/group). Off-drug, no effects were seen in the elevated plus maze (N=16/group), ASR/PPI (N=20/group), forced swim (N=19-20/group), or plasma corticosterone (N=19/group). At the doses tested, fluoxetine and paroxetine induced minor effects with drug on-board but no residual, long-term adverse effects in rats 60 days after drug discontinuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provide no evidence that fluoxetine or paroxetine have long-term adverse effects on the behaviors measured here after adolescent to young adult exposure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. charles.vorhees@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Vorhees
authors.forename: LaRonda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Morford
authors.forename: Devon L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003423:Critical Period, Psychological; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046353:Immobility Response, Tonic / Q000187:drug effects; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects*; D055139:Sensory Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003345:Corticosterone; D005473:Fluoxetine; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors