title: Detection of metabolites in the white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus with proton in first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the changes of the metabolites in the white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus in schizophrenia by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients and 63 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy controls were recruited. The relative levels of metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), (Cr) and myo-inositol (MI) were detected with (1) H-MRS, and the laterality index (Li) was calculated. The severity of symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, FES patients did not show significant differences in all metabolites. The severity of positive symptoms was negatively correlated with the NAA/Cho in the white matter of the left frontal lobe and positively correlated with the Cho/Cr in the right white matter of frontal lobes. A negative correlation was observed between the severity of negative symptoms and the NAA/Cr in the white matter of bilateral frontal lobes. No difference was shown in the Li of metabolites between FES patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metabolites such as NAA, Cho and MI in white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus were not significantly altered in FES patients. The lower axonal integrity/number (NAA concentration) may be associated with more severe negative symptoms, and dysmetabolism in process of myelination in the white matter of frontal lobes associated with more severe positive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Zong-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Ming-Li
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhuang-Fei
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D011522:Protons; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline