title: The CINMa index: assessing the potential impact of GM crop management across a heterogeneous landscape.
abstract: While significant progress has been made on the modification of crops for the benefit of           producers, the same cannot be said in regards to eliciting the potential impact that these           crops may have on the wider landscape and the diversity of life therein. Management           impacts can create difficulties when making policy, regulation and licensing decisions in           those countries where agriculture has a significant social and ecological position in the           landscape. To begin to gauge the potential impacts of the management of a selection of GM           crops on an agricultural landscape, four key biodiversity stressors (Chemicals,           Introgression, Nutrients and Management: CINMa) were identified and a grading system           developed using published data. Upon application to five selected GM crops in a case study           area, CINMa identifies areas in the wider landscape where biodiversity is likely to be           negatively or positively impacted, as well as agricultural zones which may benefit from           the land use change associated with the management of GM crops and their associated post           market environmental monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Crop Science, Programme for Crops, Environment and Land Use, Teagasc Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland.
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Ewen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mullins
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D016573:Agrochemicals; D044822:Biodiversity; D029741:Brassica rapa; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D051456:Gene Flow; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals