title: Highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes based on 2-(diphenylamino)fluoren-7-ylvinylarene derivatives that bear a tert-butyl group.
abstract: Blue fluorescent materials with a 2-(diphenylamino)fluoren-7-ylvinylarene emitting unit and tert-butyl-based blocking units were synthesized. The photophysical properties of these materials, including UV/Vis absorption, photoluminescent properties, and HOMO-LUMO energy levels, were characterized and rationalized with quantum-mechanical DFT calculations. The electroluminescent properties of these molecules were examined through the fabrication of multilayer devices with a structure of indium-tin oxide, 4,4'-bis{N-[4-(N,N-di-m-tolylamino)phenyl]-N-phenylamino}biphenyl, 4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl, and blue materials doped in 2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene/tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum/LiF/Al. All devices exhibit highly efficient blue electroluminescence with high external quantum efficiency (3.20-7.72 % at 20 mA cm(-2)). A deep-blue device with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.11) that uses 7-[2-(3',5'-di-tert-butylbiphenyl-4-yl)vinyl]-9,9-diethyl-2-N-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2,4-difluorobenzenamino-9H-fluorene as a dopant in the emitting layer showed a luminous efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 3.95 cd A(-1) and 4.23 % at 20 mA cm(-2), respectively. Furthermore, a highly efficient sky-blue device that uses the dopant 7-{2-[2-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene-7-yl]vinyl}-9,9-diethyl-2-N,N-diphenylamino-9H-fluorene exhibited a luminous efficiency and high quantum efficiency of 10.3 cd A(-1) and 7.7 % at 20 mA cm(-2), respectively, with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.20).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 440-746, Korea.
authors.forename: Kum Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jin Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sunwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyoung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yook
authors.forename: Soon Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jun Yeob
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon