title: Vitamin d receptor gene variants and esophageal adenocarcinoma risk: a population-based case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may be of etiological importance in determining cancer risk. The aim of this study was to assess the association between common VDR gene polymorphisms and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) risk in an all-Ireland population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  EAC cases and frequency-matched controls by age and gender recruited between March 2002 and December 2004 throughout Ireland were included. Participants were interviewed, and a blood sample collected for DNA extraction. Twenty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene were genotyped using Sequenom or TaqMan assays while the poly(A) microsatellite was genotyped by fluorescent fragment analysis. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to assess the association between VDR polymorphisms and EAC risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 224 cases of EAC and 256 controls were involved in analyses. After adjustment for potential confounders, TT homozygotes at rs2238139 and rs2107301 had significantly reduced risks of EAC compared with CC homozygotes. In contrast, SS alleles of the poly(A) microsatellite had significantly elevated risks of EAC compared with SL/LL alleles. However, following permutation analyses to adjust for multiple comparisons, no significant associations were observed between any VDR gene polymorphism and EAC risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VDR gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with EAC development in this Irish population. Confirmation is required from larger studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Mulholland
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cantwell
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: R G P
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol