title: [Description of the long-term effects of breast feeding in the Hungarian guidelines for infant nutrition].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and describe infant feeding policy documents in Hungary and compare them to the documents of other four European countries (England, Finland, Germany and Spain). The question was also addressed how the phenomenon of nutritional programming was represented in the documents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Policy documents on infant feeding were identified and analyzed in the five European countries by using uniform methods for searching and coding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six documents were identified: 4 in England, 2 in Finland, 9 in Germany, 6 in Hungary and 5 in Spain. Altogether 203 statements linked to references were identified: benefits of breast-feeding in general (24%), protection against infections (32%), long-term advantages like the prevention of diabetes (31%) or allergy (12%). Considerable variations were found within and between countries in the evaluation of the duration and character of the positive effects. The majority of the statements in the Hungarian documents referred either to the role of breast-feeding in infection protection (n = 8), or to long-term protective effects (n = 13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policy documents in the study countries varied both in their extent and in the description of the long-term effects of infant nutrition. Majority of the documents failed to contain evidence based discussion of the phenomenon of early nutritional programming.
authors.affiliation: Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Gyermekgyógyászati Klinika Pécs József Attila u. 7. 7623.
authors.forename: Viktória
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jakobik
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin-Bautista
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gage
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Von Rosen-Von Hoewel
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Campoy
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raats
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Decsi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002657:Child Development; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000517:prevention & control; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005858:Germany; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors