title: Antibacterial activity of povidone-iodine against an artificial biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antibacterial activity of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) on an artificial dual species biofilm of periodontal pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porphyromonas gingivalis or Fusobacterium nucleatum grown in broth culture was inoculated on polycarbonate membrane (PCM) tissue culture inserts. After incubation for 72 h, PVP-I solutions were applied to the biofilm for the time period ranging from 0.5 to 5 min. After addition of a deactivator, each PCM was removed and the biofilm on the PCM was serially diluted and plated on blood agar plates and cultured anaerobically for 7 days. Then viable bacteria were enumerated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the dual species biofilm model, F. nucleatum showed an approximately 200-fold increase in viable counts when compared with mono-microbial biofilm. In dual species biofilm, PVP-I with concentration equal to or greater than 2% was required to significantly reduce P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. When the contact time of PVP-I was increased to 1 min or greater, no difference in antibacterial activity of PVP-I was observed in any concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that 30s application of 2% PVP-I would be effective in suppressing both P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum in dual-species biofilm, and this provides clinical implication for the control of subgingival biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Sinnjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fukaya
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Taneaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D005674:Fusobacterium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011206:Povidone-Iodine