title: Association of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity with fasting and 2-h plasma glucose in a large Chinese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to provide a quantitative analysis of the changes in the principal determinants of insulin sensitivity and secretion in relation to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or 2-h plasma glucose (2h PG) in a Chinese population with a wide range of glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5728 adults spanning the entire range of glucose tolerance were included. Insulin sensitivity was measured by Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI(M)) and homeostasis model assessment of 1/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). β-Cell function adjusted by insulin sensitivity was assessed from disposition index (DI) at early-phase DI(30) and total DI(120). The exponential curve was established as the best fit for the relationship between insulin sensitivity or β-cell function and FPG or 2h PG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the trend classified as increasing 2h PG, hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion showed a decreasing trend to a substantial degree as FPG increased. A 1 mmol/l increase in FPG and 2h PG concentration was associated with a -22 and -21% decline in ISI(M), -16 and -4% in 1/HOMA-IR, -38 and -35% in DI(30) and -36 and -26% in DI(120). The decay constant of ISI(M) and DI(30) in IFG or ISI(M), 1/HOMA-IR, DI(30) and DI(120) in IGT was lower than that in normal glucose tolerance. Significant interactions between sex and glucose levels determining DI were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that impairment of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion contributes to both FPG or 2h PG hyperglycaemia in a Chinese population, but that the decline in insulin secretion is more pronounced with increasing fasting than 2h PG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin