title: [Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the sporadic renal cell carcinoma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only on the basis of the involvement of the vhl suppressor gene in the cases of renal cell carcinomas (RCC), the involvement of the signaling pathway between the pVHL and the Hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha (HIF-1α) has been evaluated because of the need to find new diagnostic and prognostic and response to drugs markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overexpression of HIF-1α confers better prognosis in clear cell type RCC (ccRCC). Furthermore, HIF-1α regulates other genes, specifically that of the carbon anhydrase IX (CA-IX), whose overexpression is practically only of the ccRCC and its determination is useful for this subtype. However, the involvement of the CA-IX has not been demonstrated in the prognosis or in the response to immunomodulators or antiangiogenics. Therefore, it is necessary to make a global evaluation of all this pathway: pVHL → HIF-1α → CA-IX, and even the analysis of other proteins and signaling pathways that also control the HIF-1α activity. In the latter case, the MAPK are critical in the HIF-1α activation, there being evidence on the experimental level of the control on its activity. although its clinical role as a biomarkers has not been established. Although the role of the MAPK in the phenomena of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been demonstrated, it has not been demonstrated in response to sorafenib, an important piece of information if we consider that it is an inhibitor of several protein kinases. Recently, it has been observed that the MAPK may be involved in the responses to different therapies, included those based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The confirmation of these data would suppose an explanation of the variation observed between patients who, with the same functional alteration of the vhl gene, have a different biological, clinical behavior and better selection of non-surgical therapies.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, España. asalinas@pulso.com
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Salinas-Sánchez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giménez-Bachs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serrano-Oviedo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nam Cha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Prieto
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000502:physiology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D000077157:Sorafenib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; C089226:CA9 protein, human; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; C497446:VHL protein, human