title: The prevalence and incidence of Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and upper gastrointestinal bleeding throughout the world.
abstract: Due to heightened awareness regarding testing for and eradication of infection, the prevalence and incidence of H pylori infection (and by extension the prevalence and incidence of peptic ulcer disease) appear to have declined in recent years. However, antimicrobial resistance is mounting and traditional clarithromycin- or metronidazole-containing triple therapies may no longer be highly effective at eradicating the infection. Combined bismuth- and metronidazole-containing quadruple therapy or sequential 4-drug therapy may be better choices for first-line treatment against this unique pathogen that is ideally suited to survive in the human stomach.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. ayw7d@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Andrew Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Peura
mesh_terms: D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014943:Global Health; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology