title: A cost analysis of postoperative management in endometrial cancer patients treated by robotics versus laparoscopic approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative pain management and costs in endometrial cancer patients who had a robotic-assisted or laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort study of all endometrial cancer patients from 9/2005 to 6/2010 who had a completed robotic-assisted or laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy. All surgeries were performed by gynecologic oncologists on the da Vinci S surgical system. Demographic data, patient-recorded pain scores, pain-management interventions, and postoperative pain medication costs were compared. Data was analyzed using Student's t-tests and Pearson's χ(2) tests in SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-hundred fifteen (101 robotic and 114 laparoscopic) patients met the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences between the groups in age, BMI, clinical stage, comorbidities, lymph nodes retrieved, and the number of narcotic vs. non-narcotic drug interventions administered. Robotic patients had a lower number of initial drug interventions (21 vs. 52; P<.001) and total drug interventions (162 vs. 219; P<.001) than laparoscopic patients. Robotics had a lower initial pain score (2.1 vs. 3.0; P=.012). There was a 50% reduction in the pain medication cost on the day of surgery for robotic patients ($12.24 vs. $24.45; P<.01), and a 56% cost reduction for the rest of their length of stay ($3.63 vs. $8.17; P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial cancer patients who have robotic surgery experience less initial postoperative pain and have fewer drug interventions. The cost associated for their pain management represents a savings of greater than 50%. These factors demonstrate the value of robotic surgery in regard to postoperative pain management by delivering higher quality care at a lower cost.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, John and Dorothy Morgan Cancer Center, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA. Martin_A.Martino@lvh.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shubella
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Morcrette
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boulay
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics