title: Synthesis, dispersion, and cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide.
abstract: The synthesis, characterization, and toxicity of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are reported. Prior to the cytocompatibility tests the stability of the suspensions in a wide range of concentrations (3.125-100 μg/mL) of three different dispersants is studied. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol (Pluronic P123), and sodium deoxycholate (DOC) are investigated as the dispersants. The toxicity depends on the type of dispersant and concentration of the nanomaterials in the suspensions. Detailed analysis suggests that graphene oxide functionalized with PEG in the concentration range between 3125 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL exhibits the best biocompatibility with mice fibroblast cells (line L929).
authors.affiliation: Westpomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Szczecin, Poland. m.wojtoniszak@zut.edu.pl
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojtoniszak
authors.forename: Xuecheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ryszard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kalenczuk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wajda
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Łapczuk
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurzewski
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drozdzik
authors.forename: Pual K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borowiak-Palen
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006108:Graphite