title: Changes of hepatic lactoferrin gene expression in two mouse models of the acute phase reaction.
abstract: Lactoferrin (Ltf), an iron binding glycoprotein, is a pleiotropic molecule whose serum concentration increases under acute phase conditions. The physiological roles of this protein have been well elucidated, but the source and serum regulation of Ltf gene expression have not been investigated in detail as part of the acute phase reaction (APR). In the current work, the changes in hepatic Ltf-gene-expression during turpentine oil- (TO-) or LPS-induced APR were investigated. Ltf was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in the liver of TO- and LPS-treated wild type (WT) mice. The pattern of induction however was different in both animal models indicating distinctive signalling patterns resulting in an acute phase reaction. Cytokines are the core regulators of APR. Among the major cytokines, IL-6 is an important signalling molecule, which also regulates iron homeostasis in response to an inflammatory situation. In this study, the administration of IL-6 induced Ltf gene expression in the liver of WT mice, in murine hepatocytes and in hepa 1-6 cells. Ltf-gene-expression was upregulated also in the liver of TO- and LPS-treated IL-6 knockout (KO) mice. The increase in serum Ltf after LPS injection was greater than after TO-injection both in WT and IL-6-KO mice. To evaluate the contribution of other acute phase cytokines in the regulation of Ltf-gene-expression in the liver, both in vitro and in vivo studies with IL-1β, TNF-α, or IFN-γ were performed. The results demonstrate that TNF-α and IFN-γ also upregulated Ltf-gene-expression, while IL-1β has no role in the regulation of Ltf-gene-expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University Hospital, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany. ghayyor ahmad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ghayyor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Gull Zareen Khan
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Sial
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramadori
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dudas
authors.forename: Danko S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Batusic
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramadori
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007781:Lactoferrin