title: Removal of viable bacteria and endotoxins by Electro Deionization (EDI).
abstract: Viable bacteria and endotoxins in water sometimes cause problems for human health. Endotoxins are major components of the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (lipopolysaccharides). In  medical procedures, especially haemodialysis (HD) and related therapies (haemodiafiltration (HDF), haemofiltration (HF)), endotoxins in the water for haemodialysis can permeate through the haemodialysis membrane and cause microinflammation or various haemodialysis-related illnesses. To decrease such a biological risk, RO and UF membranes are generally used. Also, hot water disinfection or the chemical disinfection is regularly executed to kill bacteria which produce endotoxins. However, simple treatment methods and equipment may be able to decrease the biological risk more efficiently. In our experiments, we confirmed that viable bacteria and endotoxins were removed by Electro Deionization (EDI) technology and also clarified the desorption mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Daicen Membrane-Systems Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimitsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otomo
authors.forename: Tomoichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.forename: Tomonobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ase
authors.forename: Takuto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004583:Electrons; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D050296:Microbial Viability; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D007477:Ions