title: Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) neurobehavioral toxicity in embryonic zebrafish.
abstract: Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a neurotoxicant that is widely present in the aquatic environment, primarily from the manufacture of PVC plastic, but few studies have evaluated aquatic neurotoxicity. We have examined TMT dose-dependent malformation and neurobehavioral toxicity in the embryonic zebrafish model. Exposure of embryos to TMT (0-10 μM) from 48 to 72 hours post fertilization (hpf) elicited a concentration-related increase (0-100%) in malformation incidence with an EC(25) of 5.55 μM. TMT also significantly modulated the frequency of tail flexion, the earliest motor behavior observed in developing zebrafish, and the ability to respond to a mechanical tail touch. Exposure to 5 μM TMT from 48 to 72 hpf modulated the photomotor response at 4 and 5 days post fertilization and significantly promoted apoptosis in the tail. Our study demonstrates the morphological and behavioral sensitivity of the developing zebrafish to TMT and establishes a platform for future identification of the affected pathways and chemical modulators of TMT toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Institute of Watershed Science and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jiangfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Changjiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lidan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simonich
authors.forename: Chenglian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanguay
authors.forename: Qiaoxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013623:Tail / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D014298:Trimethyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C040533:trimethyltin chloride