title: Prevalence of asthma and its association with glycemic control among youth with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of asthma among youth with types 1 and 2 diabetes and examine associations between asthma and glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study, which included youth diagnosed with type 1 (n = 1683) and type 2 (n = 311) diabetes from 2002 through 2005. Asthma status and medications were ascertained from medical records and self-administered questionnaires, and glycemic control was assessed from hemoglobin A1c measured at the study visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of asthma among all youth with diabetes was 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6%-12.3%). The prevalence was 10.0% (95% CI: 8.6%-11.4%) among youth with type 1 and 16.1% (95% CI: 12.0%-20.2%) among youth with type 2 diabetes and differed according to race/ethnicity. Among youth with type 1 diabetes, those with asthma had higher mean A1c levels than those without asthma, after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI (7.77% vs 7.49%; P = .034). Youth with asthma were more likely to have poor glycemic control, particularly those with type 1 diabetes whose asthma was not treated with pharmacotherapy, although this association was attenuated by adjustment for race/ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of asthma may be elevated among youth with diabetes relative to the general US population. Among youth with type 1 diabetes, asthma is associated with poor glycemic control, especially if asthma is untreated. Specific asthma medications may decrease systemic inflammation, which underlies the complex relationship between pulmonary function, BMI, and glycemic control among youth with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Helen
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Ronny A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pihoker
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saydah
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seid
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Standiford
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waitzfelder
authors.forename: Santica M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human