title: Impact of maternal probiotic-supplemented dietary counseling during pregnancy on colostrum adiponectin concentration: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The breast milk bioactive substances such as adiponectin, have a presumably long-term impact upon the health and well-being of a child.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of probiotic-supplemented dietary counseling during pregnancy on colostrum adiponectin concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 256 pregnant women were randomized into three study groups: dietary intervention with probiotics (diet/probiotics) or with placebo (diet/placebo) and a control group (control/placebo). The intervention group received dietary counseling provided by a nutritionist, the main focus being the amount and the type of dietary fat. The probiotics used were Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis in combination. Dietary intake was evaluated by food records at every trimester of pregnancy. Breast milk samples were collected after birth (colostrum) for adiponectin concentration analysis (n=181).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dietary intervention increased the colostrum adiponectin concentration (ng/mL, geometric mean [95% CI]), the difference being significant when comparing to the control group; 12.7 [10.6-29.7] vs. 10.2 [9.9-13.2], P=0.024. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (kg) correlated inversely with colostrum adiponectin concentration; β (SE)=-1.7 (0.1), P=0.020, and gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with the likelihood of adiponectin concentration falling into the lowest quartile; OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.1-3.2, P=0.028.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In showing that the colostrum adiponectin concentration is markedly dependent on maternal diet and nutritional status during pregnancy, and considering that colostrum adiponectin has potential effects on metabolism, nutrition, and immune function in the neonates, the results of this study underscore the importance of the metabolic homeostasis of the mother for the child's initial nutritional environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. raakel.luoto@utu.fi
authors.forename: Raakel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luoto
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nermes
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isolauri
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D003126:Colostrum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin