title: Zinc induces chemokine and inflammatory cytokine release from human promonocytes.
abstract: Our previous studies found that zinc oxide (ZnO) particles induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein in vascular endothelial cells via NF-κB and that zinc ions dissolved from ZnO particles might play the major role in the process. This study aimed to determine if zinc ions could cause inflammatory responses in a human promonocytic leukemia cell line HL-CZ. Conditioned media from the zinc-treated HL-CZ cells induced ICAM-1 protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Zinc treatment induced chemokine and inflammatory cytokine release from HL-CZ cells. Inhibition of NFκB activity by over-expression of IκBα in HL-CZ cells did not block the conditioned medium-induced ICAM-1 protein expression in HUVEC cells. Zinc treatment induced activation of multiple immune response-related transcription factors in HL-CZ cells. These results clearly show that zinc ions induce chemokine and inflammatory cytokine release from human promonocytes, accompanied with activation of multiple immune response-related transcription factors. Our in vitro evidence in the zinc-induced inflammatory responses of vascular cells provides a critical linkage between zinc exposure and pathogenesis of those inflammatory vascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan. tctsou@nhri.org.tw
authors.forename: Tsui-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsou
authors.forename: How-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Szu-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Feng-Yuan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ho-Jane
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D055017:Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*; D019345:Zinc Acetate / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D014157:Transcription Factors; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly; D019345:Zinc Acetate; D015032:Zinc