title: XPA-210: a new proliferation marker determines locally advanced prostate cancer and is a predictor of biochemical recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  XPA-210 is a proliferation marker derived from Thymidine kinase-1. It is of clinical significance in kidney, breast, and bladder cancer. There are no data available for XPA-210 in prostate cancer (PC). Herein, we aim to determine the clinical usefulness of XPA-210 in PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, cancer and benign tissue samples of 103 patients (median age 65 years, median PSA 9.04 ng/ml, median Gleason score 6) who underwent prostatectomy were constructed to a tissue micro array and stained for XPA-210. Semi-quantitative results were correlated with pathological and clinical data by Wilcoxon-Kruskall-Wallis and linear regression analysis. Expression levels in PC were correlated between the time of biochemical recurrence and the time to development of metastasis by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was done to correlate those with the resection status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean staining score was 0.51-0.14 for tumor and benign tissue (P < 0.0001). Tumor staining score was significantly associated with Gleason score <6/≥6 (P < 0.0001) and T2/T >2 (P = 0.0007). When dividing the tumor score by the mean value, higher expression of XPA-210 was associated with a shorter time to biochemical recurrence (P = 0.003) and time to development of metastasis (P = 0.0061). Tumor staining (P = 0.0371) was an independent prognostic factor for biochemical relapse regardless of resection status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XPA-210 is a new tissue-based prognostic marker for prostate cancer histopathology. It reliably differentiates tumor and normal prostatic tissue predicting biochemical relapse and onset of metastatic disease. XPA-210 might be clinically useful for individual decision-making in PC-treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aufderklamm
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennenlotter
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todenhoefer
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gakis
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuehs
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dlugosch
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merseburger
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ordelheide
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hevler
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwentner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C571043:exposed proliferation antigen 210; D013937:Thymidine Kinase