title: Steroid-transforming enzymes in fungi.
abstract: Fungal species are a very important source of many different enzymes, and the ability of fungi to transform steroids has been used for several decades in the production of compounds with a sterane skeleton. Here, we review the characterised and/or purified enzymes for steroid transformations, dividing them into two groups: (i) enzymes of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, including data for, e.g. ERG11 (14α-demethylase), ERG6 (C-24 methyltransferase), ERG5 (C-22 desaturase) and ERG4 (C-24 reductase); and (ii) the other steroid-transforming enzymes, including different hydroxylases (7α-, 11α-, 11β-, 14α-hydroxylase), oxidoreductases (5α-reductase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, C-1/C-2 dehydrogenase) and C-17-C-20 lyase. The substrate specificities of these enzymes, their cellular localisation, their association with protein super-families, and their potential applications are discussed. Article from a special issue on steroids and microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. katja.kristan@mf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristan
authors.forename: Tea Lanišnik
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Rižner
mesh_terms: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology*; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013256:Steroids; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C044256:3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C066577:ERG5 protein, S cerevisiae; C526348:Erg11 protein, S cerevisiae; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; C070590:ERG4 protein, S cerevisiae; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022670:delta 24-sterol methyltransferase; D004875:Ergosterol