title: Differences in physical activity among adults in households with and without children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study aim was to assess the relation of parent status to physical activity (PA) and the impact of parental roles, age and number of children on PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 909 women and 965 men, aged 20-57, were analyzed. Mixed Models were used to assess differences in PA between parents and adults without children, with analyses stratified by sex. The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured total daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parenthood was not related to MVPA, but mothers reported more total PA than nonmothers. For mothers and fathers, self-reported household activity was higher and sitting time lower, compared with nonparents. Both men and women with children aged 0-5 reported the highest household activity and the lowest sitting time, with household PA higher and sitting time lower with more children. There was no evidence that leisure, transport, or occupational activity varied by parenthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the potential impact of child-rearing on parent time demands, there was little difference in parents' objectively measured MVPA compared with nonparents. Educational interventions or extracurricular programs for students and parents could target families with school-aged children. Development of tools to obtain parent reports of child care-specific PA behaviors would be useful.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanette I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Candelaria
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sallis
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Saelens
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Slymen
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015444:Exercise; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors