title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the Spanish renal replacement therapy program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis of the Spanish Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) program for end-stage renal disease patients from a societal perspective. The current Spanish situation was compared with several hypothetical scenarios.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov chain model was used as a foundation for simulations of the Spanish RRT program in three temporal horizons (5, 10, and 15 years). The current situation (scenario 1) was compared with three different scenarios: increased proportion of overall scheduled (planned) incident patients (scenario 2); constant proportion of overall scheduled incident patients, but increased proportion of scheduled incident patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), resulting in a lower proportion of scheduled incident patients on hemodialysis (HD) (scenario 3); and increased overall proportion of scheduled incident patients together with increased scheduled incidence of patients on PD (scenario 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of scenarios 2, 3, and 4, when compared with scenario 1, were estimated to be, respectively, -€83 150, -€354 977, and -€235 886 per incremental quality-adjusted life year (ΔQALY), evidencing both moderate cost savings and slight effectiveness gains. The net health benefits that would accrue to society were estimated to be, respectively, 0.0045, 0.0211, and 0.0219 ΔQALYs considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of €35 000/ΔQALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scenario 1, the current Spanish situation, was dominated by all the proposed scenarios. Interestingly, scenarios 3 and 4 showed the best results in terms of cost-effectiveness. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, an increase in the overall scheduled incidence of RRT, and particularly that of PD, should be promoted.
authors.affiliation: BAP Health Outcomes Research1 and Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. guillermo@baphealth.com
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ortiz
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cuervo
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rebollo
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selgas
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arrieta
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D008390:Markov Chains; D008954:Models, Biological; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D013030:Spain