title: Narcolepsy with cataplexy associated with nocturnal compulsive behaviors: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of sleep related-eating disorder (SRED) and nocturnal smoking (NS) in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy (NC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  65 consecutive adult NC patients (33 men; mean age 43.9 ± 19.2 years) and 65 age-, sex-, and geographical origin-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validated questionnaires were used to investigate SRED, NS, restless legs syndrome (RLS), and psychopathological traits (using Eating Disorder Inventory-2 [EDI-2]; Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory [MOCI]; and Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  NC patients showed a higher prevalence of SRED (32% vs 3%, P=0.00001), NS (21% vs 0%, P=0.00006), and RLS (18% vs 5%, P=0.013) than controls. Moreover, NC patients presented more frequently with an eating-related pathological profile on the EDI-2 (80% vs 46%, P=0.00006) and had a higher prevalence of depressed mood on the BDI (41% vs 18%, P=0.004). In comparison to patients without SRED, NC patients with SRED were more frequently women (71% vs 39%, P=0.013), had higher "bulimic" (29% vs 2%, P=0.004) and "social insecurity" (48% vs 18%, P=0.013) traits on the EDI-2, had higher obsessive-compulsiveness on the MOCI (29% vs 4%, P = 0.009), and were more depressed on the BDI (67% vs 29%, P=0.005). NC patients with NS showed more frequent pathological profiles on the EDI-2 (100% vs 75%, P=0.035), including the "bulimic" (29% vs 6%, P=0.015), "perfectionism" (43% vs 14%, P=0.016), and "social insecurity" (50% vs 22, P=0.035) profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows a strong association of the compulsive nocturnal behaviors SRED and NS with adult NC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palaia
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizza
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antelmi
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.forename: Keivan Kaveh
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Moghadam
authors.forename: Frederica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Provini
authors.forename: Uberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pagotto
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schenck
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mignot
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002385:Cataplexy / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003192:Compulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology