title: Multiple TGF-β superfamily signals modulate the adult Drosophila immune response.
abstract: TGF-β superfamily signals play complex roles in regulation of tissue repair and inflammation in mammals [1]. Drosophila melanogaster is a well-established model for the study of innate immune function [2, 3] and wound healing [4-7]. Here, we explore the role and regulation of two TGF-β superfamily members, dawdle and decapentaplegic (dpp), in response to wounding and infection in adult Drosophila. We find that both TGF-β signals exhibit complex regulation in response to wounding and infection, each is expressed in a subset of phagocytes, and each inhibits a specific arm of the immune response. dpp is rapidly activated by wounds and represses the production of antimicrobial peptides; flies lacking dpp function display persistent, strong antimicrobial peptide expression after even a small wound. dawdle, in contrast, is activated by Gram-positive bacterial infection but repressed by Gram-negative infection or wounding; its role is to limit infection-induced melanization. Flies lacking dawdle function exhibit melanization even when uninfected. Together, these data imply a model in which the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) dpp is an important inhibitor of inflammation following sterile injury whereas the activin-like dawdle determines the nature of the induced immune response.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation and Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 1UL, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Woodcock
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geissmann
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trouillet
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dionne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000276:immunology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C517156:Daw protein, Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; C064196:dpp protein, Drosophila; D012965:Sodium Chloride