title: Quercetin 7-rhamnoside reduces porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication via independent pathway of viral induced reactive oxygen species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On the base of our previous study we were observed relevant studies on the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside (Q7R), a flavonoid, won't relate ability of its antioxidant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We were investigated the effects of Q7R on the cytopathic effects (CPE) by CPE reduction assay. Production of DNA fragment and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PEDV infection were studied using DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the course of this study it was discovered that Q7R is an extremely potent compound against PEDV. The addition of Q7R to PEDV-infected Vero cells directly reduced the formation of a visible cytopathic effect (CPE). Also, Q7R did not induce DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, ROS increased the infection of PEDV, which was strongly decreased by N-acetyl-L-cysteins (NAC). However, the increased ROS was not decreased by Q7R. Antiviral activity of antioxidants such as NAC, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), and the vitamin E derivative, trolox, were hardly noticed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the inhibition of PEDV production by Q7R is not simply due to a general action as an antioxidants and is highly specific, as several other antioxidants (NAC, PDTC, trolox) are inactive against PEDV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jae Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Hwa Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002839:Chromans; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013859:Thiocarbamates; C534349:quercetin 7-rhamnoside; C020972:pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid; D011794:Quercetin; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine