title: Degradation of 1,4-dioxane using advanced oxidation processes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the nuclear industry 1,4-dioxane is used as a solvent in liquid scintillation technique for measuring low-energy beta-emitters such as ³H or C¹⁴ in aqueous media. Improper disposal of 1,4-dioxane can contaminate the ground and surface waters. Conventional wastewater treatment processes like chemical treatment, air stripping, carbon adsorption, and biological treatment are ineffective for the degradation of 1,4-dioxane.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, the kinetics of degradation of 1,4-dioxane using advanced oxidation processes viz., H₂O₂ alone, Fe(II) + H₂O₂, UV (15 W) + H₂O₂, UV (15 W) + Fe(II) + H₂O₂, US (130 KHz) + Fe(II) + H₂O₂, and sunlight + Fe(II) + H₂O₂ at pH 3.0 was investigated. The optimization of Fe (II) for the processes using Fe (II) + H₂O₂ was carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The kinetics of degradation using sunlight + Fe (II) + H₂O₂ was found to be fastest when compared to the other processes. The degradation was found to follow first-order kinetics. Formation of acidic intermediates was suspected from the observed pH changes during the degradation processes.
authors.affiliation: Centralised Waste Management Facility, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam 603 102, India. schitra@igcar.gov.in
authors.forename: Sengadir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chitra
authors.forename: Kanapathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paramasivan
authors.forename: Mayilsamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cheralathan
authors.forename: Pradeep Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010782:Photolysis; D012588:Scintillation Counting; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013472:Sunlight; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004146:Dioxanes; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D016877:Oxidants; D012997:Solvents; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; C025223:1,4-dioxane; D019342:Acetic Acid