title: Tip of the tongue selectivity and motor learning in the palatal area.
abstract: This study assessed the ability of the tongue tip to accurately select intraoral targets embedded in an upper palatal tongue-computer interface, using 18 able-bodied volunteers. Four performance measures, based on modifications to Fitts's Law, were determined for three different tongue-computer interface layouts. The layouts differed with respect to number and location of the targets in the palatal interface. Assessment of intraoral target selection speed and accuracy revealed that performance was indeed dependent on the location and distance between the targets. Performances were faster and more accurate for targets located farther away from the base of the tongue in comparison to posterior and medial targets. A regression model was built, which predicted intraoral target selection time based on target location and movement amplitude better than the predicted by using a standard Fitts's Law model. A 30% improvement in the speed and accuracy over three daily practice sessions of 30 min emphasizes the remarkable motor learning abilities of the tongue musculature and provides further evidence that the tongue is useful for operating computer-interface technologies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. hca@hst.aau.dk
authors.forename: Héctor A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Caltenco
authors.forename: Eugen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lontis
authors.forename: Shellie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentsen
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struijk
authors.forename: Lotte N S Andreasen
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Struijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010159:Palate / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface