title: Differences in attentional strategies by novice and experienced operating theatre scrub nurses.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of nursing experience on attention allocation and task performance during surgery. The prevention of cases of retained foreign bodies after surgery typically depends on scrub nurses, who are responsible for performing multiple tasks that impose heavy demands on the nurses' cognitive resources. However, the relationship between the level of experiences and attention allocation strategies has not been extensively studied. Eye movement data were collected from 10 novice and 10 experienced scrub nurses in the operating theater for caesarean section surgeries. Visual scanning data, analyzed by dividing the workstation into four main areas and the surgery into four stages, were compared to the optimum expected value estimated by SEEV (Salience, Effort, Expectancy, and Value) model. Both experienced and novice nurses showed significant correlations to the optimal percentage dwell time values, and significant differences were found in attention allocation optimality between experienced and novice nurses, with experienced nurses adhering significantly more to the optimal in the stages of high workload. Experienced nurses spent less time on the final count and encountered fewer interruptions during the count than novices indicating better performance in task management, whereas novice nurses switched attention between areas of interest more than experienced nurses. The results provide empirical evidence of a relationship between the application of optimal visual attention management strategies and performance, opening up possibilities to the development of visual attention and interruption training for better performance.
authors.affiliation: Center of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Systems and Engineering Management Division, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University.
authors.forename: Ranieri Y I
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Taezoon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wickens
authors.forename: Lay Teng
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Soon Noi
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D009873:Operating Rooms; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016526:Workload