title: Redox modification of cell signaling in the cardiovascular system.
abstract: Oxidative stress is presumed to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, oxidants are also generated in healthy cells, and increasing evidence suggests that they can act as signaling molecules. The intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) status is tightly regulated by oxidant and antioxidant systems. Imbalance between them causes oxidative or reductive stress which triggers cellular damage or aberrant signaling, leading to dysregulation. In this review, we will briefly summarize the aspects of ROS generation and neutralization mechanisms in the cardiovascular system. ROS can regulate cell signaling through oxidation and reduction of specific amino acids within proteins. Structural changes during post-translational modification allow modification of protein activity which can result in altered cellular function. We will focus on the molecular basis of redox protein modification and how this regulatory mechanism affects signal transduction in the cardiovascular system. Finally, we will discuss some techniques applied to monitoring redox status and identifying redox-sensitive proteins in the heart. This article is part of a Special Section entitled "Post-translational Modification."
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haendeler
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadoshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species