title: Yessotoxin induces apoptosis in HL7702 human liver cells.
abstract: The marine toxin yessotoxin (YTX) is found in numerous aquatic environments and poses a potential threat to the shellfish industry and to public health. We analyzed the toxicity of YTX on HL7702 human liver cells using optical microscopy, Hoechst 33342 chromatin staining, DNA gel electrophoresis, rhodamine 123 staining and calcium-sensitive laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that YTX induced the usual hallmarks of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, DNA laddering, activity of caspase-3 deregulation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, YTX caused cytosolic calcium levels to increase in HL7702 cells. YTX may cause liver damage through hepatocyte apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, PR China. pm_cat@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Chun-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zong-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002843:Chromatin / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins / Q000633:toxicity*; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D053148:Caspase 3; C066632:yessotoxin; D002118:Calcium