title: [Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in isolated islands in Nagasaki Prefecture: a remote teleradiology and helicopter transportation system].
abstract: Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The time required to transport the patients to a specialized hospital can influence the prognosis. In the isolated islands in Nagasaki prefecture, there is no medical institution which can offer emergent neurosurgical intervention. We reviewed the cases of HICH in this region from January 2006 to September 2010, who were transferred to Nagasaki Medical Center by a helicopter after consultation via teleradiology. Eighty four cases (23%) were transferred via helicopter to our institution from isolated islands. In three of them (4%), re-hemorrhage was demonstrated on computed tomography after helicopter transportation, and one of three had been administered an anti-coagulant agent. Only one case (1%) has deteriorated during helicopter transportation because of acute obstructive hydrocephalus. The outcome at discharge was as follows: modified Rankin Scale (mRS) I: 3 cases (4%), II: 5 cases (6%), III: 3 cases (4%), IV: 30 cases (36%), V: 31 cases (37%), VI: 12 cases (14%), 43 cases (51%) showed poor outcome (mRS V, VI). For medical management in isolated islands, a remote teleradiology system is indispensable to decide a strategy of treatment rapidly, and a helicopter transportation system is very useful in cases requiring emergent neurosurgical intervention, particular in cases of impending cerebral herniation or acute hydrocephalus. However, we may need to expand logistical supporting hospitals or secure other transportation facilities because many of the patients with poor outcome can not return to their home islands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Tetsufumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motokawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeno
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morofuji
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahata
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017732:Air Ambulances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020299:Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D019112:Teleradiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome