title: Intra and postoperative outcome of adding clonidine to bupivacaine in infraorbital nerve block for young children undergoing cleft lip surgery.
abstract: AIMS AND CONTEXT: To evaluate the efficacy of adding clonidine to bupivacaine in bilateral infraorbital nerve block for hemodynamic changes, requirement of opioids, volatile agent, and muscle relaxants intraoperatively and relief of pain postoperatively
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty pediatric patients aged less than 24 months undergoing elective cleft lip repair were randomly allocated to two groups of 25 each. After tracheal intubation, group A received bilateral infraorbital nerve block with 1 ml solution of clonidine (1 μg/kg) and bupivacaine 0.25%, and group B received 1 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. Hemodynamic parameters, intraoperative requirement of volatile anesthetic agent, muscle relaxant, and analgesic were recorded. Pain was assessed postoperatively using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale till the first rescue drug was given.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two sample unpaired t-test and the correlation r test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of analgesia from the time of administration of block in group A was 667.72 ± 210.74 min compared to 558.48 ± 150.28 min in group B (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of clonidine as an adjunct to local anesthetic significantly decreased the requirement of other anesthetic drugs and significantly prolonged the duration of postoperative analgesia without any adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia Pain Management & ICU, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: Gurjeet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dvivedi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sharma