title: Room temperature and highly enantioselective additions of alkyltitanium reagents to aldehydes catalyzed by a titanium catalyst of (R)-H8-binol.
abstract: Three alkyltitanium reagents of RTi(O-i-Pr)3 (R = Cy (1a), i-Bu (1b), and n-Bu (1c)) were prepared in good yields. The high-resolution mass spectroscopy showed that and 1c in the gas phase are monomeric species. However, the solid state of 1a revealed a dimeric structure. Asymmetric additions of 1a-1c to aldehydes catalyzed by a titanium catalyst of (R)-H8 -BINOL were studied at room temperature. The reactions produced desired secondary alcohols in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities of up to 94% ee. Reactivity and enantioselectivity differences, in terms of steric bulkiness of the R nucleophiles, are herein described. The addition reactions of secondary c-hexyl to aldehydes were slower than the reactions of primary i-butyl or n-butyl nucleophiles. For the primary alkyls, lower enantioselectivities were obtained for products from addition reactions of the linear n-butyl as compared with the enantioselectivities of products from the addition reactions of the branched i-butyl group. The same stereochemistry of RTi(O-i-Pr)3 addition reactions as the addition reactions of organozinc, organoaluminum, Grignard, or organolithium reagents directly supports the argument of that titanium-catalyzed addition reactions of aldehydes involve an addition of an organotitanium nucleophile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Environmental Protection Engineering, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qinghan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Han-Mou
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Gau
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D009284:Naphthols / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C406944:BINOL, naphthol; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009284:Naphthols; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014025:Titanium