title: Effect of short-term ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate pretreatment on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of preventive enteral administration of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) in an ischemia-reperfusion rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty rats were randomized into five groups (G1-G5, n = 12). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 6) and treated with calcium carbonate (CaCa) or OKG by gavage. Thirty minutes later, the animals were anesthetized with xylazine 15mg + ketamine 1mg ip and subjected to laparotomy. G1-G3 rats served as controls. Rats in groups G4 and G5 were subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes. Ischemia was achieved by clamping the small intestine and its mesentery, delimiting a segment of bowel 5 cm long and 5 cm apart from the ileocecal valve. In addition, G5 rats underwent reperfusion for 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected at the end of the laparotomy (G1), after 30 minutes (G2, G4) and 60 minutes (G3, G5) to determine concentrations of metabolites (pyruvate, lactate), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in tissue pyruvate and lactate and plasma CPK levels in OKG-treated rats at the end of reperfusion period. GSH levels did not change significantly in ischemia and reperfusion groups. However, TBARS levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in tissue samples in OKG-treated rats subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term pretreatment with OKG before induction of I/R decreases tissue damage, increases pyruvate utilization for energy production in the Krebs cycle and does not attenuate the oxidative stress in this animal model.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Surgery Laboratory (LABCEX), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil..
authors.forename: Eduardo Silvio Gouveia
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Camila Menezes
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rabelo
authors.forename: Alberico Ximenes do
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Prado Neto
authors.forename: José Huygens Parente
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Sérgio Botelho
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Leitão de
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D007511:Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008026:Ligation; D009952:Ornithine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; C002118:ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D009952:Ornithine; D002119:Calcium Carbonate