title: Pharmacokinetics study about topical clobetasol on oral mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clobetasol is the most potent topical corticosteroid used in oral medicine for muco-cutaneous diseases. Several papers reported about patients with cushingoid appearance, suggesting an adrenal suppression related to clobetasol systemic absorption after local application. Owing to the lack of studies, our goal is to assess whether transmucosal assimilation, after its application on oral mucosa, really occurs and to define clobetasol pharmacokinetics profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were recorded by collecting blood samples both on 10 patients in clobetasol therapy and on 14 healthy volunteers instructed about standardized clobetasol applications. A new technique of analytical chemistry was employed to detect its serum concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clobetasol absorption was ascertained, showing a certain accumulation rate. Different levels have been found in relation to oral disease and individual features (as smoking habits and presence of oral mucosa erosion).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study validates clobetasol systemic transmucosal absorption, also recommending a careful monitoring of patients in corticosteroid therapy to avoid local and systemic adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Varoni
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molteni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sardella
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrassi
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Candia
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gigli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lodi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lodi
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002990:Clobetasol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D002990:Clobetasol