title: A comparison of bond strengths measured using cantilever bending and micro-tensile methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cantilever-bending test as a bond-strength measurement method for enamel/composite adhesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The buccal surface of bovine incisors were flattened and subsequently placed with composite Z250 (3M ESPE) incrementally after either self-etching adhesive (SE) or etch-and-rinse adhesive (SB) was applied. Then, they were cut with a low-speed cutter to obtain stick-shape samples. The samples were divided into four groups (n=30 each) according to the adhesive and test method: SET, SE-B, SB-T and SB-B, where T denotes the microtensile test and B denotes the cantilever-bending test. The failure mode of each sample was examined under the microscope. Those samples with the fracture surface lying entirely or partially in the adhesive layer were considered to have provided successful measurements. The results from the two test methods were compared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cantilever-bending method produced a comparable success rate of bond strength measurement to that of the microtensile method. The bond strengths of SE and SB from the cantilever-bending test were 58% and 40% higher, respectively, than those measured with the microtensile method. The adhesive SE exhibited almost the same bond strength as SB, irrespective of the test method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cantilever bending can be used as an alternative method for bond strength measurement. The ratio of bending to tensile strength is around 1.5.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, USA. ljy_hoff@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Alex S L
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fok
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D018583:Pliability; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C444701:Filtek Z250; D019279:Resin Cements; C511238:Single Bond Plus; D014867:Water; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C041330:Scotchbond