title: Performing MR-guided biopsies in clinical routine: factors that influence accuracy and procedure time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy, the duration and factors that influence the duration of MRI-guided liver or soft-tissue biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen liver biopsies and 19 soft-tissue biopsies performed using 1.5T-MRI guidance were retrospectively analysed. Diagnostic performance and complications were assessed. Intervention time was subdivided into preparation period, puncture period and control period. Correlation between procedure time and target size, skin-to-target-distance, used sequences and interventionalists' experience were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.86, 1.0 and 0.92, respectively. Two minor complications occurred. Overall median procedure time was 103.5 min. Liver biopsies lasted longer than soft-tissue biopsies (mean([soft-tissue]): 73.0 min, mean([liver]): 134.1 min, P < 0.001). The most time consuming part was the preparation period in both, soft-tissue and liver biopsies corresponding to 59.6% and 47.4% of the total intervention time, respectively. Total procedure time in liver biopsies (P = 0.027) and puncture period in liver and soft-tissue biopsies (P ([liver]) = 0.048, P ([soft-tissue]) = 0.005) was significantly prolonged for longer skin-to-target-distances. Lower numbers of image acquisitions (P ([liver]) = 0.0007, P ([soft-tissue]) = 0.0012) and interventionalists' experience reduces the procedure duration significantly (P < 0.05), besides all false-negative results appeared during the first five biopsies of each individual radiologist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interventionalists' experience, skin-to-target-distances and number of image acquisition influence the procedure time significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  •Appropriate training and supervision is essential for inexperienced interventionalists. •Two perpendicular image orientations should confirm the correct biopsy needle position. •Communication between interventionalist and technician is essential for a fluent biopsy procedure. •To shorten intervention time appropriate previous imaging is essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Hansjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rempp
authors.forename: Diethard
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Philippe L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clasen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors