title: Performance of healthy braced participants during aerobic and anaerobic capacity tasks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knee braces were introduced in sports approximately 30 years ago. However, the effects of a functional knee brace (FKB) on aerobic and anaerobic performance after fatigue are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether FKB use in noninjured participants hindered performance during aerobic (Léger beep test) and anaerobic (repeated high-intensity shuttle test [RHIST]) tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven healthy male provincial and national basketball and field hockey athletes (age = 19.4±3.0 years, range, 17-26 years; height = 182.6±6.8 cm, range, 168-196 cm; mass = 80.0±9.1 kg, range, 66-108 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Each participant was provided a custom-fitted FKB and performed 5 nonbraced (NBR) testing sessions over 3 days, followed by 5 braced (BR) testing sessions over 3 days, for a total of 17.5 hours of testing per condition. During each testing session, participants performed 1 trial of the Léger beep test and 1 trial of the RHIST in each condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predicted maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2) max) and time performance measures were recorded for each NBR and BR trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial performance levels were lower for BR than NBR for both the Léger beep test (BR = 44.3 mL/kg/min, NBR = 47.3 mL/kg/min; F(1,26) = 8.726; P = .007) and the RHIST (BR = 16.5 seconds, NBR = 16.2 seconds; F(1,26) = 13.98, P = .001). However, with continued FKB use, the aerobic performance measure remained higher for only the first 2 BR testing sessions (NBR = 46.9 mL/kg/min, BR = 42.4 mL/kg/min; F(3.0,79.8) = 4.95, P = .003). For the anaerobic test, no performance difference was noted between the testing conditions (NBR = 16.2 seconds, BR = 16.4 seconds; P = .7), whereas fatigue levels were lower during BR testing sessions (NBR = 33%, BR = 31%). After 14.0 hours of FKB use, performance levels were almost equal between the testing conditions (NBR = 47.6 mL/kg/min, BR = 46.1 mL/kg/min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found an initial decrement in performance when the FKB was used during an aerobic or anaerobic task. However, after 14.0 hours of FKB use, accommodation to the FKB was possible.
authors.affiliation: ACTIN Health & Rehabilitation, Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada. nrishiraj@actinhealth.com
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rishiraj
authors.forename: Jack E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Taunton
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niven
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Smith
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woollard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001915:Braces; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D055815:Young Adult