title: Does one size fit all? Building a framework for medical professionalism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical professionalism has gained global attention over the past decade, but there is a paucity of literature on the universal applicability of the dominant professionalism framework developed in the West. This study proposes an institutional approach to build a framework for medical professionalism that incorporates historical and sociocultural contexts.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2008 to 2009, the authors adopted nominal group technique (NGT) to determine professional competencies valued by 91 critical stakeholders of medical education (divided into 12 discipline-specific groups) at their institution and in their native society, Taiwan. An expert committee subsequently constructed a framework for professionalism which accounted for a literature review and their understanding of the institution's values and historical roots. To confirm that the framework encompassed the attributes nominated by NGT participants, the authors analyzed transcripts of NGT exercises to refine the final document.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each of 12 NGT groups raised 5 to 23 core competencies and determined the most important five competencies by summing participants' ratings of each item. The expert panel reached consensus on a framework that included eight competencies. The framework differs from the Western framework in the centrality of self-integrity, harmonizing personal and professional roles. Text analysis of the NGT transcripts demonstrated that the framework successfully incorporated top-ranked NGT results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study challenges the universal applicability of the Western framework of medical professionalism and proposes a process to build a professionalism framework that reflects the cultural heritage and the values of local stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. mjho@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Ming-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kun-Hsing
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.forename: Tien-Shang
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Pan-Chyr
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D032921:Consensus; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D011361:Professional Competence; D024382:Professional Role; D013624:Taiwan