title: Association of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome susceptibility in children: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene contains either an insertion (I) allele or a deletion (D) allele forming three potential genotypes: II, ID and DD. The D allele or DD genotype has been reported to be associated with higher plasma ACE level. An assessment of the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) susceptibility in children is still controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and the onset of INS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A predefined literature search and selection of eligible relevant studies were performed to collect data from electronic databases, and eligible investigations were synthesized using the meta-analysis method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine investigations were identified for the analysis of association between ACE I/D gene polymorphism and INS risk in children, including six in Asians, one study for Caucasians and two for Africans. There was positive association between D allele or DD genotype and INS susceptibility in Asians (OR = 1.75, p = 0.01; OR = 2.01, p = 0.02), but not for Caucasian children and Africans (for Caucasians, D: OR=1.35, p = 0.27, DD: OR = 0.95, p = 0.91; for Africans, D: OR = 1.70, p = 0.56, DD: OR = 1.60, p = 0.73). Furthermore, II homozygous seemed to play a positive role against INS onset for Asians (OR = 0.59, p = 0.02), but the link between II genotype and INS risk was not observed in Caucasian children and Africans (Caucasians: OR = 0.31, p = 0.06; Africans: OR = 0.50, p = 0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D allele and DD homozygous might become significant genetic molecular markers for INS susceptibility in Asian children, but the association was not observed in Caucasians or Africans. However, the conclusion from our study cannot be sustained and more investigations on larger sample in different populations are required to further clarify the role of D allele or DD homozygous in the onset of INS in difference races.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing, China. a126tianbiao@126.com
authors.forename: Tian-Biao
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Yuan-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Wei-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yan-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Kun-Peng
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A