title: Toxicity and delivery methods for the linamarase/linamarin/glucose oxidase system, when used against human glioma tumors implanted in the brain of nude rats.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with an average survival time of approximately 1year despite aggressive surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Here, we report a preclinical study by which the two main energy pathways of the tumor cells, oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis, are simultaneously disrupted. The therapy is based on a plant gene encoding a β-glucosidase, linamarase (lis), which react with the substrate linamarin (lin) producing cyanide. We also use glucose oxidase (GO) to enhance oxidative stress and to induce cell death in the tumor. To test in vivo this suicide gene therapy system (lis/lin/GO), we used an orthotopic model of the human U87MG glioma cells, genetically modified to express the lis gene, and stereotactically implanted into the brains of nude rats (rnu/rnu). Despite its genetic condition, 6% of the animals immunorejected the xenotransplanted cells giving false curative results. We tried several delivery methods with limited success. The therapeutic cocktail, at dosages that perhaps eliminated the brain tumors, is too toxic for the animal causing its premature death.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Willie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Girald
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003486:Cyanides / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D009570:Nitriles; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; C021514:cyanogenic beta-glucosidase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C005091:linamarin