title: Prevention of ER-negative breast cancer:  where do we stand?
abstract: Oestrogen receptor-negative and triple-negative breast cancers are types of aggressive tumours that account for approximately 30 and 15% of total breast cancers, respectively. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors are unable to treat and prevent these subtypes of mammary tumours. Thus, it is worth identifying new pathways, biomarkers, and agents that are effective in the treatment and prevention of these subtypes. Several classes of drugs have been studied, and many are still currently under investigation. We have attempted to conduct a state-of-the-art study on this important issue.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. massimiliano.cazzaniga@ieo.it
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzaniga
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonanni
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D008954:Models, Biological; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014807:Vitamin D