title: Analysis of behavior and trafficking of dendritic cells within the brain during toxoplasmic encephalitis.
abstract: Under normal conditions the immune system has limited access to the brain; however, during toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), large numbers of T cells and APCs accumulate within this site. A combination of real time imaging, transgenic reporter mice, and recombinant parasites allowed a comprehensive analysis of CD11c+ cells during TE. These studies reveal that the CNS CD11c+ cells consist of a mixture of microglia and dendritic cells (DCs) with distinct behavior associated with their ability to interact with parasites or effector T cells. The CNS DCs upregulated several chemokine receptors during TE, but none of these individual receptors tested was required for migration of DCs into the brain. However, this process was pertussis toxin sensitive and dependent on the integrin LFA-1, suggesting that the synergistic effect of signaling through multiple chemokine receptors, possibly leading to changes in the affinity of LFA-1, is involved in the recruitment/retention of DCs to the CNS and thus provides new insights into how the immune system accesses this unique site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.forename: Elia D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Tait Wojno
authors.forename: Tajie H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Daniel Manzoni
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: De Almeida
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weninger
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D002465:Cell Movement; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000469:parasitology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039521:CD11c Antigen; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D037342:Pertussis Toxin