title: Individual-level factors in colorectal cancer screening: a review of the literature on the relation of individual-level health behavior constructs and screening behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compliance with colorectal cancer screening recommendations requires considerable conscious effort on the part of the individual patient, making an individual's decisions about engagement in screening an important contributor to compliance or noncompliance. The objective of this paper was to examine the effectiveness of individual-level behavior theories and their associated constructs in accounting for engagement in colorectal cancer screening behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the literature examining constructs from formal models of individual-level health behavior as factors associated with compliance with screening for colorectal cancer. All published studies examining one or more constructs from the health belief model, theory of planned behavior, transtheoretical model, or social cognitive theory and their relation to screening behavior or behavioral intentions were included in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By and large, results of studies supported the theory-based predictions for the influence of constructs on cancer screening behavior. However, the evidence base for many of these relations, especially for models other than the health belief model, is quite limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suggestions are made for future research on individual-level determinants of colorectal cancer screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, New York 14124, USA. mtk8@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaiter
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology