title: A damage/benefit evaluation of addictive product use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain damage/benefit assessments of eight commonly used addictive products and one addictive behaviour from French addiction experts and link these to overall evaluations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Criteria-based evaluation by experts in addiction. Specific statistical modelling to estimate the relative contribution of various criteria to formulating expert general opinion on products.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight French experts in addiction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve criteria covering the whole spectrum of damages and benefits to users and to society evaluated using visual analogue scales (VAS). Direct measure of expert overall subjective opinions on products from user and from social perspectives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Damage scoring identified alcohol (damage score = 48.1), heroin (damage score = 44.9) and cocaine (damage score = 38.5) as the most harmful products to users and to society; gambling was considered the least harmful (score = 22.5), replicating previous results. Damage scoring correlated poorly with legal status or with overall subjective expert opinions of products. Benefit perception scores indicated alcohol as a clear outlier (benefit score = 45.5) followed by tobacco (benefit score = 34.3) and cannabis (benefit score = 31.1). Statistical modelling suggested that experts attributed 10 times more importance to benefit perception than to damages when making their subjective opinion from a user perspective and two times more importance to benefit perception than to damages in formulating their opinion from a social perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perceived benefits of addictive products appear to have a major impact on the opinion of those products expressed by a number of French addiction experts.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourgain
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falissard
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blecha
authors.forename: Amine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benyamina
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karila
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynaud
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D032921:Consensus; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*