title: [Longevity control in fungi and other organisms. The conception of scales].
abstract: The review deals mainly with gerontological processes that occur on the cellular-colonial level of organization in fungi and cellular-tissular level in other organisms. Aging and anti-aging mechanisms operating on these levels of organization can be considered as common ones for all living things. Fungi, as an object with tissular-like organization of thallus, afford a broad spectrum of possibilities as to solving the tasks of general gerontological import. Three basic (chronological, replicative, and cell-suicidal) and several auxiliary mechanisms of aging are singled out, the classification is given of stochastic aging factors accumulating in cells. It is shown that in complex multi-cellular organisms, aging and anti-aging mechanisms operate on the level of interactions between tissues, though in the base of their actions lie the aforesaid conservative basic mechanisms. Preliminary generalized conception of aging--the conception of scales--is put forward that is founded on the model of balanced and non-balanced counteractions between stressful impacts and various mechanisms of aging and anti-aging with different extent of genetic preprogramming. The importance is reaffirmed of mycological gerontology contribution to broadening of inferences on aging nature.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Mazheĭka
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Kudriavtseva
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Kamzolkina
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002450:Cell Communication; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D013312:Stress, Physiological