title: Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in general surgery: guidelines differ and we still need local policies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis has become a major issue for surgeons both in the UK and worldwide. Several different sources of guidance on VTE prophylaxis are available but these differ in design and detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two similar audits were performed, one year apart, on the VTE prophylaxis prescribed for all general surgical inpatients during a single week (90 patients and 101 patients). Classification of patients into different risk groups and compliance in prescribing prophylaxis were examined using different international, national and local guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between the numbers of patients in high, moderate and low-risk groups according to the different guidelines. When groups were combined to indicate simply 'at risk' or 'not at risk' (in the manner of one of the guidelines), then differences were not significant. Our compliance improved from the first audit to the second. Patients at high risk received VTE prophylaxis according to guidance more consistently than those at low risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in guidance on VTE prophylaxis can affect compliance significantly when auditing practice, depending on the choice of 'gold standard'. National guidance does not remove the need for clear and detailed local policies. Making decisions about policies for lower-risk patients can be more difficult than for those at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK. docrajv@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veeramootoo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harrower
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D004739:England; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008485:Medical Audit; D016134:Organizational Policy; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight