title: Effects of the presence of sulfonamides in the environment and their influence on human health.
abstract: World production and consumption of pharmaceuticals has been steadily increasing. Anti-infectives have been particularly important in modern therapy of microbial infection. Sulfonamides have been widely used for a long time as anti-infectives and are still widely prescribed today. This review presents the most common types of sulfonamides used in healthcare and veterinary medicine and discusses the problems connected with their presence in the biosphere. Based on the analysis of over 160 papers, it was found that small amounts of sulfonamides present in the environment were mainly derived from agricultural activities. These drugs have caused changes in the population of microbes that could be potentially hazardous to human health. This human health hazard could have a global range, and administrative activities have been ineffective in risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Silesian Medical University, Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adamek
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziemiańska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobczak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D004782:Environmental Health; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides