title: A Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet decreases atherogenic lipoproteins and reduces lipoprotein (a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in women with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: The objective was to assess the impact of a Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet (control group, n = 41) and the same diet plus a medical food (MF) containing phytosterols, soy protein, and extracts from hops and Acacia (MF group, n = 42) on lipoprotein atherogenicity in women with metabolic syndrome. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apos), lipoprotein subfractions and particle size, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and lipoprotein (a) were measured at baseline, week 8, and week 12 of the intervention. Three-day dietary records were collected at the same time points to assess compliance. Compared with baseline, women decreased energy intake from carbohydrate (P < .001) and fat (P < .001), whereas they increased energy intake from protein (P < .001). A significant increase in energy from monounsaturated fatty acids was also observed as well as increases in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas trans-fatty acid intake was reduced (P < .00001). The atherogenic lipoproteins, large very low-density lipoprotein (P < .0001) and small LDL (P < .0001), were reduced, whereas the ratio of large high-density lipoprotein to smaller high-density lipoprotein particles was increased (P < .0001). Apolipoprotein B was reduced for all women (P < .0001), with a greater reduction in the MF group (P < .025). Oxidized LDL (P < .05) and lipoprotein (a) (P < .001) were reduced in both groups at the end of the intervention. Consumption of a Mediterranean-style diet reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease by decreasing atherogenic lipoproteins, oxidized LDL, and apo B. Inclusion of an MF may have an additional effect in reducing apo B.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comperatore
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barona
authors.forename: Mariana C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Calle
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Wadie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Najm
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D027582:Humulus / Q000737:chemistry; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012307:Risk Factors; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008074:Lipoproteins; D010840:Phytosterols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D030262:Soybean Proteins