title: Epidemiologic survey of patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disease characterized by hypoventilation during sleep. This study discusses the first epidemiologic survey of patients with CCHS in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first survey was conducted between September and December 2006 and involved 507 registered institutes for pediatric training in Japan. The second survey was conducted between January and April 2007 and involved only those institutes that confirmed diagnosis of CCHS in the first survey or reported on CCHS at a conference during the preceding decade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients with CCHS were reported from 23 hospitals. Patient characteristics were as follows: 18 were male, 19 were female; and age range 4 months to 34 years. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms in 37/37 patients; blood gas analysis in 25/37; ventilatory response to inhaled CO(2) in 14/37; and genetic analysis (paired-like homeobox gene 2B) in 11/37. Complications included Hirschsprung's disease in 13/37 and central nervous system disorders in 15/37. Prognoses were as follows: 3/37 died in hospital, 1/37 remained in hospital, 33/37 were on home mechanical ventilation (died 4/33, survived 29/33), and 0/37 were cured. Ventilation methods included tracheostomy (21/37), use of a nasal mask (9/37), use of a facemask (5/37), and diaphragmatic pacing (1/37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently no consensus on the most appropriate methods for diagnosing and treating patients with CCHS in Japan. More CCHS-related data need to be collected in the near future in order to enable appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with CCHS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan. hisaya@pst2.mfnet.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hisaya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kazuteru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Hisashige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takase
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007040:Hypoventilation / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy