title: Identification and Role of Regulatory Non-Coding RNAs inListeria monocytogenes.
abstract: Bacterial regulatory non-coding RNAs control numerous mRNA targets that direct a plethora of biological processes, such as the adaption to environmental changes, growth and virulence. Recently developed high-throughput techniques, such as genomic tiling arrays and RNA-Seq have allowed investigating prokaryotic cis- and trans-acting regulatory RNAs, including sRNAs, asRNAs, untranslated regions (UTR) and riboswitches. As a result, we obtained a more comprehensive view on the complexity and plasticity of the prokaryotic genome biology. Listeria monocytogenes was utilized as a model system for intracellular pathogenic bacteria in several studies, which revealed the presence of about 180 regulatory RNAs in the listerial genome. A regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in survival, virulence and adaptation mechanisms of L. monocytogenes was confirmed in subsequent experiments, thus, providing insight into a multifaceted modulatory function of RNA/mRNA interference. In this review, we discuss the identification of regulatory RNAs by high-throughput techniques and in their functional role in L. monocytogenes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 107, Giessen 35392, Germany; E-Mails:  Benjamin.Izar@med.uni-giessen.de  (B.I.);  Mobarak.Mraheil@mikrobio.med.uni-giessen.de  (M.A.M.).
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Izar
authors.forename: Mobarak Abu
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mraheil
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hain
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D035001:Host Factor 1 Protein; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D058727:RNA, Small Untranslated; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D038621:Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid