title: Allogeneic bone marrow stromal cell transplantation after cerebral hemorrhage achieves cell transdifferentiation and modulates endogenous neurogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When a severe neurologic lesion occurs as a consequence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), there is no effective treatment available for improving the outcome. However, cell therapy has opened new perspectives on reducing neurologic sequels subsequent to this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, ICH was induced by stereotactic injection of 0.5 U collagenase type IV in the striatum of adult Wistar rats, and 2 h later a group of animals (n = 48) was subjected to intracerebral injection of 2 × 10(6) allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), while a control group (n = 48) received saline only. Eight animals from each group were killed at 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. At these time-points, endogenous neurogenesis and survival of transplanted BMSC were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings show that after allogeneic BMSC transplantation, donor cells can survive in the brain tissue expressing neuronal and astroglial markers. Furthermore, BMSC transplantation enhances endogenous neurogenesis and inhibits apoptosis of newborn neural cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these results should be extrapolated to human disease with caution, it is obvious that cell therapy using allogeneic BMSC transplantation offers great promise for developing novel and efficacious strategies in patients suffering ICH.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Unit and Service of Neurosurgery, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zurita
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aguayo
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaquero
mesh_terms: D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D055495:Neurogenesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD