title: Forces charging the orbital floor after fractures.
abstract: The objective of this study was first to establish a method to measure forces and displacement of the orbital content in defects of the orbital floor in truncated fresh and unfixed heads and second to characterize reconstruction materials with regard to punctuation strength and compression.Orbital floor defects (10 × 20 mm and 15 × 20 mm; 3 mm behind the orbital rim) were prepared after Le Fort I osteotomy. The values of force and displacement were recorded in 6 freshly frozen human heads. In addition, the punctuation strength of 2 reconstruction materials (polydioxanone [PDS] foil and collagen membrane) was evaluated using a Zwick Z010 TN1 universal testing machine. The forces of the orbital content (28.41 [SD, 1.6] g) applied to the defects of 10 × 20 mm and 15 × 20 mm with an intact periorbita were 0.04 (SD, 0.003) N (0.0002 MPa) and 0.07 (SD, 0.02) N (0.0002 MPa), respectively, and with a split periorbita were 0.06 (SD, 0.03) N (0.0003 MPa) and 0.08 (SD, 0.06) N (0.00026 MPa), respectively. The displacement values without reconstruction materials of the 10 × 20-mm and 15 × 20-mm defects were 0.94 (SD, 0.7) mm and 1.2 (SD, 0.5) mm, respectively. The PDS foil could withstand forces of 118.9 (SD, 14.1) N (0.375 MPa), and the collagen membrane could withstand forces of 44.5 (SD, 5.3) N (0.14 MPa). This is the first study to report forces charging the orbital floor. The presented results support the use of PDS foils and collagen membranes as reconstruction materials for orbital floor defects, at least in smaller and medium-sized fractures.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany. f.birkenfeld@anat.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Birkenfeld
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Merlind Erika
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menzebach
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucius
authors.forename: Stephan Thomas
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D003094:Collagen; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D016687:Polydioxanone; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014159:Transducers
chemical_list: D016687:Polydioxanone; D003094:Collagen