title: Hip fracture and increased short-term but not long-term mortality in healthy older women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fractures have been associated with subsequent increases in mortality, but it is unknown how long that increase persists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 5580 women from a large community-based, multicenter US prospective cohort of 9704 (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures) were observed prospectively for almost 20 years. We age-matched 1116 hip fracture cases with 4 control participants (n = 4464). To examine the effect of health status, we examined a healthy older subset (n = 960) 80 years or older who attended the 10-year follow-up examination and reported good or excellent health. Incident hip fractures were adjudicated from radiology reports by study physicians. Death was confirmed by death certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hip fracture cases had 2-fold increased mortality in the year after fracture compared with controls (16.9% vs 8.4%; multivariable adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.9-3.1]. When examined by age and health status, short-term mortality was increased in those aged 65 to 69 years (16.3% vs 3.7%; OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.6-9.5), 70 to 79 years (16.5% vs 8.9%; OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.3), and only in those 80 years or older with good or excellent health (15.1% vs 7.2%; multivariable adjusted OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5-5.2). After the first year, survival of hip fracture cases and controls was similar except in those aged 65 to 69 years, who continued to have increased mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term mortality is increased after hip fracture in women aged 65 to 79 years and in exceptionally healthy women 80 years or older. Women 70 years or older return to previous risk levels after a year. Interventions are needed to decrease mortality in the year after hip fracture, when mortality risk is highest.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA. erin.s.leblanc@kpchr.org
authors.forename: Erin S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Pedula
authors.forename: Joanne H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Peggy M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cawthon
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Warren S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Browner
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000401:mortality*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology