title: Benefits of custom-made foot orthoses in treating patellofemoral pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common disorders affecting the knee. Forefoot varus and excessive subtalar pronation can be associated with patellofemoral pain. Foot orthotics may produce an improvement in symptoms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test whether patellofemoral pain is improved after four weeks of using custom-made foot orthoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trial without control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one subjects with patellofemoral pain were given custom-made foot orthoses (2-mm thick polypropylene and 4-mm thick polyethylene foam liner of 45 shore A hardness). Patellofemoral pain was evaluated with a visual analogue scale before applying the treatment, and at two weeks and four weeks follow-up. At the two-week check-up, a forefoot varus posting was added to the orthoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements in patellofemoral pain was significant in all comparisons: initial pain with pain at the two-week check-up (P < 0.001), initial pain with pain at four weeks (P < 0.001), and pain at two weeks with pain at four weeks (P < 0.001). The effect size was large in all comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the participants in this study, the custom-made foot orthoses were found to be an effective conservative treatment to reduce the symptoms of patellofemoral pain.
authors.affiliation: University of Seville, Calle Avicena, Seville, Spain. pmunuera@us.es
authors.forename: Pedro V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Munuera
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazoteras-Pardo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010147:Pain Measurement; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020959:Polyethylene; D011126:Polypropylenes; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D011126:Polypropylenes; D020959:Polyethylene