title: Dietary restriction ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through anti-inflammatory effects and regulation of the autophagy via restoration of Sirt1 in diabetic Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats: a model of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the beneficial effects of dietary restriction (DR) on lifespan, age-related diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, its effects on type 2 diabetic nephropathy remain unknown. This study examined the renoprotective effects of DR in Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats (WFRs).
  
  
  METHODS
  WFRs were treated with DR (40% restriction) for 24 weeks. Urinary albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, renal histologies, acetylated-NF-κB (p65), Sirt1 protein expression, and p62/Sqstm 1 accumulation in the renal cortex, as well as electron microscopic observation of mitochondrial morphology and autophagosomes in proximal tubular cells were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DR ameliorated renal abnormalities including inflammation in WFRs. The decrease in Sirt1 levels, increase in acetylated-NF-κB, and impaired autophagy in WFRs were improved by DR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DR exerted anti-inflammatory effects and improved the dysregulation of autophagy through the restoration of Sirt1 in the kidneys of WFRs, which resulted in the amelioration of renal injuries in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku-Gun, Ishikawa Prefecture 920-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitada
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanasaki
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koya
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005355:Fibrosis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C488368:Sirt1 protein, rat; D056564:Sirtuin 1