title: Microbial transformation of ginsenoside-Rg₁ by Absidia coerulea and the reversal activity of the metabolites towards multi-drug resistant tumor cells.
abstract: Biotransformation of ginsenoside-Rg₁ (1) by the fungus Absidia coerulea AS 3.2462 yielded five metabolites (2-6). On the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, the metabolites were identified as ginsenoside-F₁ (2), 6α,12β-dihydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-oxo-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (4), 3-oxo-7β-hydroxy-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (5), and 3-oxo-7β,15α-dihydroxy-20(S)-protopanaxatriol (6), respectively. Among them, 5 and 6 are new compounds. These results indicated that Absidia coerulea AS 3.2462 could catalyze the specific C-3 dehydrogenation of derivatives of ginsenoside-Rg₁, as well as hydroxylation at the 7β and 15α positions. Metabolites 2, 4 and 5 exhibited moderate reversal activity towards A549/taxol MDR tumor cells in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lirui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jungui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D020095:Absidia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001711:Biotransformation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C055327:ginsenoside F1; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1