title: A NOD2 gene polymorphism is associated with the prevalence and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic background is thought to be one of the risk factors for development of COPD. Recently, it has been proposed that the innate immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of COPD. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2 genes would be associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. In addition, the associations between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes of COPD were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese COPD patients (n = 228) and non-COPD smokers (n = 101) were recruited from the outpatient clinic at Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. At entry into the study, a blood sample was taken and a pulmonary function test was performed. Genotyping was performed for 6 selected tag SNPs of NOD1 and 5 tag SNPs of NOD2. Further investigations were performed for SNP that were associated with COPD, including baseline gene expression, the relative proportions of splicing variants in whole blood, responses to ligand and enhancement of gene expression in peripheral blood neutrophils stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of NOD2 rs1077861 genotypes differed between Japanese COPD patients and non-COPD smokers (P = 0.036). This SNP was also associated with a lower FEV(1) % predicted (57.2 ± 1.8 for TT vs 50.8 ± 2.3 for TA/AA, P = 0.03) and DL(CO) /V(A) (2.89 ± 0.1 in TT vs 2.53 ± 0.14 in TA/AA, P = 0.036) in COPD patients. NOD2 gene expression after stimulation with 10 ng/mL of tumour necrosis factor-α for 4 h, was increased to a greater extent in TA/AA genotype than in TT genotype peripheral blood neutrophils (P = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NOD2 rs1077861 SNP may influence the development and progression of COPD in Japanese subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kinose
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Tomomitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haruna
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marumo
authors.forename: Yuma
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muro
authors.forename: Toyohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamari
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha