title: Causal attributions and blame: associations with mothers' adjustment to the birth of a child with Down syndrome.
abstract: The main purpose of this study is to explore the associations between causal attributions to others, blaming others and mothers' adjustment to the birth of a child with Down syndrome (DS). Participants (n = 214) rated causal attributions to others and blaming others, and completed five measures of adjustment: anger, anxiety, depression, parenting stress, and attitudes towards the child. The adjustment of three groups of mothers was compared: (i) those who made no attributions to others (ii) those who made causal attributions but did not blame, and (iii) those who blamed others. Four years after the births of their children with DS, 16% of mothers blamed others and 17% made causal attributions but did not blame others for this outcome. Those who blamed others had higher levels of anger, anxiety, depression, parenting stress and more negative attitudes towards their children with DS than did those who made causal attributions but did not blame, and those who made who made no attributions to others. The adjustment of the latter two groups did not differ. Investigating blame rather than causal attributions may be a more fruitful area for future research aimed at understanding and facilitating adjustment to illness and other negative life events.
authors.affiliation: a      Psychology & Genetics Research Group   ,  Guy's, King's & St Thomas School of Medicine   ,  London ,    UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Tm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marteau