title: Nutrient patterns and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study.
abstract: Although Iran is a high-risk country for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the contribution of overall nutrient intakes to this high incidence rate is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between nutrient patterns and risk of ESCC in Iran. Forty-seven patients with ESCC and 96 frequency-matched hospital controls underwent private interviews, and dietary habits were collected using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was conducted and two major nutrient patterns were retained; factor 1 (high in pantothenic acid, vitamin C, potassium, vitamin B(6), magnesium, folate, thiamin, copper, carbohydrate, vitamin K, niacin, α-tocopherol, zinc, total fiber, fluoride, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) and factor 2 (high in saturated fatty acid, biotin, selenium, monounsaturated fatty acids, riboflavin, sodium, fat, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, protein, iron, vitamin E, manganese, vitamin D, and vitamin B(12)). Factor 2 was inversely associated with ESCC (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.28; P = 0.008), whereas no significant association was found for factor 1 (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.11-1.82). The results of the present study suggested a possible role for a nutrient pattern similar to factor 2 in reducing the risk of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hajizadeh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jessri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhoondan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moasheri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rashidkhani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D018977:Micronutrients