title: Altered sleep and behavioral activity phenotypes in PER3-deficient mice.
abstract: Sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythmicity interact to determine the timing of behavioral activity. Circadian clock genes contribute to circadian rhythmicity centrally and in the periphery, but some also have roles within sleep regulation. The clock gene Period3 (Per3) has a redundant function within the circadian system and is associated with sleep homeostasis in humans. This study investigated the role of PER3 in sleep/wake activity and sleep homeostasis in mice by recording wheel-running activity under baseline conditions in wild-type (WT; n = 54) and in PER3-deficient (Per3(-/-); n = 53) mice, as well as EEG-assessed sleep before and after 6 h of sleep deprivation in WT (n = 7) and Per3(-/-) (n = 8) mice. Whereas total activity and vigilance states did not differ between the genotypes, the temporal distribution of wheel-running activity, vigilance states, and EEG delta activity was affected by genotype. In Per3(-/-) mice, running wheel activity was increased, and REM sleep and NREM sleep were reduced in the middle of the dark phase, and delta activity was enhanced at the end of the dark phase. At the beginning of the baseline light period, there was less wakefulness and more REM and NREM sleep in Per3(-/-) mice. Per3(-/-) mice spent less time in wakefulness and more time in NREM sleep in the light period immediately after sleep deprivation, and REM sleep accumulated more slowly during the recovery dark phase. These data confirm a role for PER3 in sleep-wake timing and sleep homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Surrey Sleep Research Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sibah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Daan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: Raphaelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winsky-Sommerer
authors.forename: Derk-Jan
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dijk
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Archer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012890:Sleep / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C512645:Per3 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins