title: Affective state dependence and relative trait stability of perfectionism in sleep disturbances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the degree of absolute change, relative stability and state dependence of trait perfectionism in sleep disturbances in a sample of university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and two items concerning sleep difficulties. The mean age at T0 (baseline) was 19.59 years (SD = 1.61, range = 17-25) and 62.5% of the sample were female.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absolute changes in self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism were found. Relative stability was found for all perfectionism dimensions. Prior and concurrent sleep disturbances explained a significant amount of variance in perfectionism. Controlling for the effects of sleep measures, prior self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism were the only significant predictors of subsequent self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism, at T1 and T2. Difficulties falling asleep at T1 and socially-prescribed perfectionism at T0 were significant predictors of socially-prescribed perfectionism at T1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite significant changes in perfectionism mean scores over the follow-up, the correlation analyses demonstrated that participants remained quite stable in regard to their relative levels of perfectionism. As concurrent difficulties initiating sleep also predicted concurrent socially-prescribed perfectionism, this seems to be one dimension of perfectionism with trait-state characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Medical Psychology Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. bmaia@fmed.uc.pt
authors.forename: Berta R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ana T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macedo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012649:Self Concept; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult