title: Neonatal noninvasive ventilation techniques: do we really need to intubate?
abstract: The current trend for supporting neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Nearly half of all neonates who are supported with CPAP will still develop respiratory failure that requires potentially injurious endotracheal intubation  and invasive ventilation. Thus, the role of any neonatal clinician is to minimize invasive ventilation whenever possible, to avoid the multitude of complications that can arise when using this form of therapy. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a form of respiratory assistance that provides  greater respiratory support than does CPAP and may prevent intubation in a larger fraction of neonates who would otherwise fail CPAP. With the inception of nasal airway interfaces, clinicians have ushered in many different forms of NIV in neonates, often with very little experimental data  to guide management. This review will explore in detail all of the different forms of neonatal NIV that are currently focused within an area of intense clinical investigation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA. robert.diblasi@seattlechildrens.org
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: DiBlasi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome