title: Design and evaluation of a bioadhesive film for transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride.
abstract: The objective of the study was to develop a suitable trans-dermal delivery system for propranolol hydrochloride (PPL) via employing chitosan as a film former. Drug concentration uniformity, thickness, moisture uptake capacity and skin bioadhesion of the films were characterized. The effects of chitosan and PPL concentration and different penetration enhancers on the release and permeation profiles from the films were investigated. Skin irritation of the candidate film was evaluated. Chitosan film (PPL 2 mg cm(-2), chitosan 2%, m/m, cineol 10%, m/m) was found nonirritant and achieved 88.2% release after 8 hours in phosphate buffer. Significant high (p < 0.001) permeation of PPL through rat skin was obtained using this film compared to the film without enhancer (about 8 times enhancement factor), making it a promising trans-dermal delivery system for PPL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, UAE. bazigharasool@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bazigha K Abdul
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: Uday S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sarheed
authors.forename: Alaa A Abdul
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rasool
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013729:Terpenes; D019301:Oleic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D011433:Propranolol