title: Detection of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in exhaled breath condensate of rats with pneumonia due to staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
abstract: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may contain mediators of acute lung injury. The objectives were to determine if EBC could be collected in a mechanically ventilated rat, to measure tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the EBC after staphylococcal enterotoxin B administration (SEB) and to find out if the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 correlated with those in lung lavage. Four hours after SEB instillation, rats were placed on mechanical ventilation and EBC was collected over 90 minutes. Lung lavage was collected and white cell count was determined. TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in the EBC and lavage. EBC was available in a sufficient quantity (250-400 μL) for the measurement of cytokines. The rats that received SEB had an inflammatory response when compared to control rats as shown by an increase in white cell count. TNF-α and IL-6 were detected in the EBC. Concentration of TNF-α correlated with that in the lavage (r = .497, P = .021), whereas IL-6 did not. EBC can be collected in rats in sufficient quantities to study acute lung injury. TNF-α and IL-6 can be measured in the EBC. Correlation between TNF-α in the EBC and lavage was demonstrated in this rat model of lung injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA. sheidema@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Sabrina M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Heidemann
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: Natalija
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovacevic
authors.forename: Suwannee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phumeetham
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal