title: Aerobic exercise training in heart failure: impact on sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac and skeletal muscle function.
abstract: Heart failure is a common endpoint for many forms of cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic neurohumoral excitation (i.e., sympathetic hyperactivity) has been considered to be a hallmark of heart failure and is associated with a poor prognosis, cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, and skeletal myopathy. Aerobic exercise training is efficient in counteracting sympathetic hyperactivity and its toxic effects on cardiac and skeletal muscles. In this review, we describe the effects of aerobic exercise training on sympathetic hyperactivity, skeletal myopathy, as well as cardiac function and remodeling in human and animal heart failure. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of aerobic exercise training.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. pcbrum@usp.br
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Brum
authors.forename: A V N
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bacurau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: J C B
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Vanzelli
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Negrão
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology