title: Acute glucocorticoid effects on the multicomponent model of working memory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In comparison with basal physiological levels, acute, high levels of cortisol affect learning and memory. Despite reports of cortisol-induced episodic memory effects, no study has used a comprehensive battery of tests to evaluate glucocorticoid effects on the multicomponent model of working memory. Here, we report the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy young men were randomly assigned to either acute cortisol (30 mg hydrocortisone) or placebo administration. Participants were subjected to an extensive cognitive test battery that evaluated all systems of the multicomponent model of working memory, including various executive domains (shifting, updating, inhibition, planning and access to long-term memory).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo, hydrocortisone administration increased cortisol blood levels and impaired working memory in storage of multimodal information in the episodic buffer and maintenance/reverberation of information in the phonological loop. Hydrocortisone also decreased performance in planning and inhibition tasks, the latter having been explained by changes in storage of information in working memory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, hydrocortisone acutely impairs various components of working memory, including executive functioning. This effect must be considered when administering similar drugs, which are widely used for the treatment of many clinical disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo José
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pradella-Hallinan
authors.forename: Orlando Francisco Amodeo
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pompéia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006854:Hydrocortisone