title: Resistance of polio to its eradication in Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is based on EPI (Expanded Program on Immunization) immunization surveys and surveillance of polio, its challenges in immunization and the way forward to overcome these challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several Government documents, survey reports and unpublished program documents were studied and online search was made to find information on EPI Pakistan. SPSS 16 and Microsoft Excel 2007 were used for the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunization against polio is higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas. Marked variation in vaccination has been observed in different provinces of Pakistan in the last decade. Secondly 10-20% of the children who have received their first dose of trivalent polio vaccine were deprived of their 2nd and 3rd dose because of poor performance of EPI and Lack of information about immunization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of numerous successes, such as the addition of new vaccines and raising immunization to over 100% in some areas, EPI is still struggling to reach its polio eradication goals. Inadequate service delivery, lack of information about immunization and limited number of vaccinators were found to be the key reason for poor performance of immunization and for large number of cases reported each year due to the deficiency of second and third booster dose.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Masaud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Muhammad Kazim
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Saleha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakeel
authors.forename: Faiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Zunaira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sher
authors.forename: Muhammad Bilal
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.forename: Aleena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumrin
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D060740:Disease Eradication / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010154:Pakistan; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000600:supply & distribution; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines