title: Generating and analyzing fish models of melanoma.
abstract: Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer and incidence continues to rise rapidly (Gray-Schopfer et al., 2007). Melanoma develops from melanocytes, the pigmented cells that color our skin, hair, and eyes. Fish also have melanocytes, among other pigment cell types, and the fish and human developmental programme are highly conserved (Kelsh, 2004). The first fish models of melanoma were established in Xiphophorus, and more recently, transgenic melanoma models in zebrafish and medaka have been developed (Meierjohann and Schartl, 2006; Patton et al., 2010; Schartl et al., 2010). In this Chapter, we describe the basic techniques to generate genetic, environmental, and transgenic models of melanoma, discuss diagnoses, and describe standard molecular analysis techniques.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Genetics Unit & Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: E Elizabeth
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schartl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods*; D008867:Microtomy / Q000379:methods; D009990:Oryzias / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010858:Pigmentation; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016610:Tissue Embedding / Q000379:methods; D019076:Transgenes; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012313:RNA