title: A simple guide screw method for intracranial xenograft studies in mice.
abstract: The grafting of human tumor cells into the brain of immunosuppressed mice is an established method for the study of brain cancers including glioblastoma (glioma) and medulloblastoma.  The widely used stereotactic approach only allows for the injection of a single animal at a time, is labor intensive and requires highly specialized equipment.  The guide screw method, initially developed by Lal et al.,(1) was developed to eliminate cumbersome stereotactic procedures. We now describe a modified guide screw approach that is rapid and exceptionally safe; both of which are critical ethical considerations.  Notably, our procedure now incorporates an infusion pump that allows up to 10 animals to be simultaneously injected with tumor cells. To demonstrate the utility of this procedure, we established human U87MG glioma cells as intracranial xenografts in mice, which were then treated with AMG102; a fully human antibody directed to HGF/scatter factor currently undergoing clinical evaluation(2-5).  Systemic injection of AMG102 significantly prolonged the survival of all mice with intracranial U87MG xenografts and resulted in a number of complete cures.  This study demonstrates that the guide screw method is an inexpensive, highly reproducible approach for establishing intracranial xenografts.  Furthermore, it provides a relevant physiological model for validating novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of brain cancers.
authors.affiliation: Monash Institute of Medical Research.
authors.forename: Jacqueline F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bogler
authors.forename: Terrance G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Johns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000379:methods*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods