title: Glucocorticoid pulsatility and rapid corticosteroid actions in the central stress response.
abstract: Glucocorticoid hormones are secreted from the adrenal gland in hourly pulses, on top of which a surge can take place after stress. The current review describes how changes in pulse amplitude and frequency have consequences for the transcriptional responsivity of target tissues to stress-induced rises in glucocorticoids, and also how these altered pulse patterns affect neuroendocrine and behavioural responses. The mechanistic underpinning of these often rapid changes of the effects of pulsatility on stress responsivity has been greatly advanced with the discovery of membrane variants of the nuclear mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. The new findings qualify glucocorticoid pulsatility and rapid non-genomic actions as important determinants of the allostatic state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research/Leiden University Medical Centre, University of Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. r.a.sarabdjitsingh@gmail.com
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sarabdjitsingh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joëls
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: de Kloet
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles / Q000502:physiology; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011987:Receptors, Steroid