title: Reducing preoperative fasting in elective adult surgical patients: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The practice of fasting from midnight prior to surgery is an outdated one.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an evidence-based protocol for reduced preoperative fasting on fasting times, patient safety, and comfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-randomised case-control study of preoperative fasting times among adult surgical patients undergoing elective procedures was conducted. Consecutive patients were allocated to a reduced preoperative fasting protocol allowing fluids and solids up to 2 and 6 h prior to anaesthesia, respectively (n = 21). These were compared to control patients identified from an historic study of preoperative fasting times who followed the traditional fast from midnight (n = 29). Fasting times and details of patients' subjective comfort were collected using an interview-assisted questionnaire. Incidence of intraoperative aspirations was obtained from anaesthetic records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant reductions in fasting times for fluids (p = 0.000) and solids (p = 0.000) were achieved following implementation of the fasting protocol. Less preoperative thirst (0.000), headache (0.012) and nausea (0.015) were reported by those who had a shorter fast. Intraoperative aspiration did not occur in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of this protocol for reduced preoperative fasting achieved an appreciable reduction in fasting times and enhanced patient comfort. Patient safety was not compromised. Further modifications of our protocols are necessary to meet the international best practice. We recommend its implementation across all surgical groups in our institution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Dietetics, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Childrens' Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland. siobhan.power@amnch.ie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corish
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crean
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feehan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eguare
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D057234:Preoperative Period; D013997:Time Factors