title: Genetic variability in apple fruit polyphenol composition in Malus × domestica and Malus sieversii germplasm grown in New Zealand.
abstract: Variations in the concentrations of flavan-3-ol, oligomeric procyanidin, chlorogenic acid, dihydrochalcone, flavonol, and anthocyanin polyphenol groups and total polyphenols were examined in the fruit peel and cortical flesh of 93 (80 Malus × domestica and 13 Malus sieversii) apple genotypes in at least 1 year between 2003 and 2005 grown at one site in New Zealand (NZ). Differences among genotypes accounted for 46-97% of the total variation in the concentrations of total polyphenols and each of the individual phenol groups in the flesh and peel in both species, whereas effects of year and genotype × year were minimal, except for peel flavonols in M. × domestica and flesh flavonols in both species. In these cases, differences among genotypes accounted for less than 30% of the total variation, which was less than the variation found for the interaction between genotype and year. Total polyphenol concentrations among genotypes were spread over a 7- and 9-fold range in the flesh and a 4- and 3-fold range in the peel of M. sieversii and M. × domestica, respectively, with the spread in concentrations of individual polyphenol groups in each tissue and within each species varying from a 2-fold to over a 500-fold range. Higher concentrations were generally found in M. sieversii. In M. × domestica, cultivars and breeding selections originating in NZ had lower average flesh and peel total polyphenols and chlorogenic acid than older cultivars previously imported into NZ from overseas countries.
authors.affiliation: Hawke's Bay Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 1401, Havelock North 4157, New Zealand. Richard.Volz@plantandfood.co.nz
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Volz
authors.forename: Tony K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: McGhie
mesh_terms: D001947:Breeding; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D009520:New Zealand; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols