title: Intracranial ultrasound abnormalities and fetal cytomegalovirus infection: report of 8 cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal intracranial and other ultrasonographic findings in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on amniotic fluid CMV-DNA-PCR-positive pregnancies detected in our institution between January 2006 and June 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Fetal biometric measurements, fetal anatomy, amniotic fluid volume, placental thickness and texture were analyzed for abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight fetuses were diagnosed with congenital CMV infection during the study interval. Their mean gestational age at diagnosis was 25.8 weeks (range: 23-29). All fetuses had intracranial abnormalities; increased periventricular echogenicity (n = 7), ventriculomegaly (n = 5), intracranial calcifications (n = 4), intraventricular adhesions (n = 4), thalamic hyperechogenicity (n = 3), mega cisterna magna (n = 3), lissencephaly (n = 2), vermian defect (n = 2) and cerebellar cyst (n = 1). All of them had accompanying extracranial findings, including hyperechogenic bowel (n = 6), cardiomegaly (n = 3), pericardial effusion (n = 2) and hepatosplenomegaly (n = 1). Intrauterine growth retardation was detected in 3 cases. Five pregnancies were terminated, and 1 intrauterine death occurred. The remaining 2 delivered vaginally at term. One of the live-born babies suffers from tetraparesis, mental retardation and autism, and the other has mild hemiplegia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spectrum of sonographic findings may vary widely in patients with congenital CMV infection in the prenatal period. CMV should be kept in mind in differential diagnosis, particularly in fetuses with intracranial sonographic findings such as ventriculomegaly, calcifications, intraventricular adhesions and increased periventricular echogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey. jasmnus@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kalelioglu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Has
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tatli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D054082:Lissencephaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal