title: Employment of patients receiving maintenance dialysis and after kidney transplant: a cross-sectional study from Finland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Associations between mode of renal replacement therapy and employment rate have not been well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional registry analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The employment status of all prevalent 15- to 64-year-old dialysis and kidney transplant patients in Finland at the end of 2007 (N = 2,637) was analyzed by combining data from the Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases with individual-level employment statistics of the Finnish government.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) of employment according to treatment modality with adjustment for age, sex, cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), duration of ESRD, and comorbid conditions were estimated using Cox regression with a constant time at risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Employment status of patients on dialysis therapy or after transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were collected from the Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases, and employment data were acquired from Statistics Finland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  19% of hemodialysis patients, 31% of peritoneal dialysis patients, and 40% of patients with a functioning transplant were employed; the overall employment rate for the Finnish population aged 15-64 years is 67%. Home hemodialysis patients and those treated with automated peritoneal dialysis had employment rates of 39% and 44%, respectively. In adjusted analysis, patients on home hemodialysis therapy (PRR, 1.87), on automated peritoneal dialysis therapy (PRR, 2.14), or with a kidney transplant (PRR, 2.30) had higher probabilities of employment than in-center hemodialysis patients. Patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes as the cause of ESRD had the lowest probability of employment (PRR, 0.48-0.60 compared with glomerulonephritis). Patients aged 25-54 years more frequently were employed than those younger than 25 or older than 54 years. Sex did not predict employment. For transplant recipients, longer time since transplant was associated with higher employment in addition to the mentioned factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employment rate of home dialysis patients was similar to that of transplant recipients and higher than that of in-center hemodialysis patients. Patients with diabetes were less likely to be employed.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. ilkka.helantera@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Helanterä
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapio
authors.forename: Petri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koskinen
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grönhagen-Riska
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult