title: Rickets.
abstract: Rickets is disorder of a growing child arising from disorders that result in impaired apoptosis of hypertrophic cells and mineralization of the growth plate. Rickets due to nutritional causes remains an important global problem. The factors responsible for resurgence of rickets among dark-skinned infants living in developed countries include the following: residence in northern or southern latitudes, voluntary avoidance of exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation, maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, and prolonged breastfeeding without provision of vitamin D supplements. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), secreted by osteocytes, is an important regulator of serum phosphate and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels. Hypophosphatemic rickets resulting from increased synthesis or under-catabolism of FGF23 is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. zulf.mughal@cmft.nhs.uk
authors.forename: M Zulf
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Mughal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D012279:Rickets / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D010710:Phosphates; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23