title: Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed intrarenal oxygenation in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity (GIN) and the protective effect of hydrogen-rich water (HW) against GIN using blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We acquired T(2)*-weighted images (T(2)*WI) of 21 rats on Days 0, 2, 4, and 7 using a 1.5-tesla MR imaging system. The rats were divided into 3 groups of seven each: control rats had free access to standard water and no gentamicin (GM) injection; rats designated the GM group had free access to standard water and were injected with GM (80 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously for 7 days; and the third group, designated the GM+HW group, had free access to HW and were injected with GM. R(2)* (=1/T(2)*) was estimated from T(2)*WI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  R(2)* values in the cortex were significantly decreased on Days 2, 4, and 7 compared with those on Day 0 in the GM group but not significantly changed in the control and GM+HW groups. R(2)* values in the medulla did not change significantly in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested reduced oxygen utility, mainly in the cortex, in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and an ameliorative effect of hydrogen-rich water against GIN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Medical Technology and Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusakabe
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Sakie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murase
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen; D003404:Creatinine; D010100:Oxygen