title: Commissioning and early experience with a new-generation low-energy linear accelerator with advanced delivery and imaging functionalities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new-generation low-energy linear accelerator (UNIQUE) was introduced in the clinical arena during 2009 by Varian Medical Systems. The world's first UNIQUE was installed at Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland and put into clinical operation in June 2010. The aim of the present contribution was to report experience about its commissioning and first year results from clinical operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Commissioning data, beam characteristics and the modeling into the treatment planning system were summarized. Imaging system of UNIQUE included a 2D-2D matching capability and tests were performed to identify system repositioning capability. Finally, since the system is capable of delivering volumetric modulated arc therapy with RapidArc, a summary of the tests performed for such modality to assess its performance in preclinical settings and during clinical usage was included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isocenter virtual diameter was measured as less than 0.2 mm. Observed accuracy of isocenter determination and repositioning for 2D-2D matching procedures in image guidance was <1.2 mm. Concerning reproducibility and stability over a period of 1 year, deviations from reference were found <0.3 ± 0.2% for linac output, <0.1% for homogeneity, similarly to symmetry. Rotational accuracy of the entire gantry-portal imager system showed a maximum deviation from nominal 0.0 of <1.2 mm. Pre treatment quality assurance of RapidArc plans resulted with a Gamma Agreement Index (fraction of points passing the gamma criteria) of 97.0 ± 1.6% on the first 182 arcs verified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the commissioning tests and of the first period of clinical operation, resulted meeting specifications and having good margins respect to tolerances. UNIQUE was put into operation for all delivery techniques; in particular, as shown by the pre-treatment quality assurance results, it enabled accurate and safe delivery of RapidArc plans.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clivio
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanetti
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogliata
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cozzi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D010315:Particle Accelerators / Q000592:standards*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011786:Quality Control; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results