title: Lethal effects of abamectin on the aquatic organisms Daphnia similis, Chironomus xanthus and Danio rerio.
abstract: Abamectin is used as an acaricide and insecticide for fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants, as well as a parasiticide for animals. One of the major problems of applying pesticides to crops is the likelihood of contaminating aquatic ecosystems by drift or runoff. Therefore, toxicity tests in the laboratory are important tools to predict the effects of chemical substances in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential hazards of abamectin to the freshwater biota and consequently the possible losses of ecological services in contaminated water bodies. For this purpose, we identified the toxicity of abamectin on daphnids, insects and fish. Abamectin was highly toxic, with an EC(50) 48 h for Daphnia similis of 5.1 ng L(-1), LC(50) 96 h for Chironomus xanthus of 2.67 μg L(-1) and LC(50) 48 h for Danio rerio of 33 μg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos em Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador SanCarlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. deanovelli@gmail.com
authors.forename: Andréa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: Bruna Horvath
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: Luciana Teresa Dias
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cappelini
authors.forename: Eny Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Evaldo Luiz Gaeta
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Espíndola
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects*; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000662:veterinary; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D000871:Anthelmintics; D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin