title: Progressive arterial stiffening in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a marker of arterial stiffness. Data from general population and end-stage renal disease patients suggest that PWV increases with age by about 0.1 m/s for each year of life and that PWV increase is steeper after the fifth decade. Recent follow-up studies showed decrease of arterial stiffness during the first year after kidney transplantation (KTx). This study aimed to investigate PWV change in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) during long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid-femoral PWV was measured at baseline (PWV1) and then after at least 24 months (range 24-34, mean ±SD 28±3) of follow-up (PWV2) in 61 KTR aged 46±12 years. Baseline PWV measurements were performed at 36±27 months (range 4-121) after KTx. Clinical and laboratory data were also analyzed. GFR was calculated with MDRD formula (eGFR). ∆PWV was calculated as (PWV2-PWV1)/PWV1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increase in PWV (9.1±1.7 vs. 9.8±2.0; p<0.002) and pulse pressure (PP) (50±11 vs. 53±14; p<0.05) was found during follow-up, but systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure did not change. eGFR did not change during follow-up (55±16 vs. 56±16 ml/min/1.73 m2). PWV increase was observed in patients aged ≥50 years (9.8±1.8 vs. 10.8±1.9; p<0.01), while not in younger patients (8.5±1.5 vs. 8.9±1.5; p=0.14). Significant positive correlation was found between ∆PWV and duration of the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed progressive arterial stiffening in kidney transplant recipients during long-term follow-up. Further studies are necessary to explain the pathophysiology of this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland. st_pawel@cm.umk.pl
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strozecki
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamowicz
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wlodarczyk
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manitius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult