title: Fungal diversity in cow, goat and ewe milk.
abstract: Knowledge of fungal diversity in the environment is poor compared with bacterial biodiversity. In this study, we applied the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) technique, combined with the amplification of the ITS1 region from fungal rDNA, for the rapid identification of major fungal species in 9 raw milk samples from cow, ewe and goat, collected at different periods of the year. A total of 27 fungal species were identified. Yeast species belonged to Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Geotrichum, Kluyveromyces, Malassezia, Pichia, Rhodotorula and Trichosporon genera; and mold species belonged to Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Cladosporium, Engyodontium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Torrubiella genera. Cow milk samples harbored the highest fungal diversity with a maximum of 15 species in a single sample, whereas a maximum of 4 and 6 different species were recovered in goat and ewe milk respectively. Commonly encountered genera in cow and goat milk were Geotrichum candidum, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Candida spp. (C. catenulata and C. inconspicua); whereas Candida parapsilosis was frequently found in ewe milk samples. Most of detected species were previously described in literature data. A few species were uncultured fungi and others (Torrubiella and Malassezia) were described for the first time in milk.
authors.affiliation: Université Européenne de Bretagne, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delavenne
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mounier
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asmani
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jany
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.forename: Gwenaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Blay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer