title: Free radical scavenging and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) skin gelatin.
abstract: Potent antioxidative peptides were purified from Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) skin gelatin using alcalase, neutrase, papain, trypsin, pepsin, and α-chymotrypsin. Among them, the papain hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Therefore, it was further purified and obtained two peptides with amino acid sequences of Thr-Cys-Ser-Pro (388 Da) and Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Asn-Val (485.5 Da). The antioxidant activity of the purified peptides was performed by electron spin resonance technique. Moreover, their intracellular free radical scavenging activity using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and the protective effect against oxidation-induced DNA damage were evaluated in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). Furthermore, both peptides have shown potential angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory effect. The present study demonstrated that the peptides derived from Pacific cod (G. macrocephalus) skin gelatin could be used in the food industry as functional ingredients with potent antioxidative and antihypertensive benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dai-Hung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: Bomi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Thanh-Sang
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: S W A
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Himaya
authors.forename: Isuru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wijesekara
authors.forename: Se-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000032:analysis; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048388:Gadiformes; D005780:Gelatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010206:Papain / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D029941:Fish Proteins; D005452:Fluoresceins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; C029569:diacetyldichlorofluorescein; D005780:Gelatin; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D010206:Papain