title: Andean uplift promotes lowland speciation through vicariance and dispersal in Dendrocincla woodcreepers.
abstract: Andean uplift contributed importantly to the build-up of high Neotropical diversity. Final uplift of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia separated once-contiguous lowland faunas east and west of the Andes between 5 and 3.5 million years ago (Ma hereafter). We used DNA sequences from several moderate- to fast-evolving mitochondrial and two slow-evolving nuclear genes to generate a well-supported phylogeny of Dendrocincla woodcreepers, a genus with multiple species endemic to lowland regions both east and west of the Andes. A time-calibrated phylogeny and dispersal-vicariance analysis indicated that uplift of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia resulted in the initial vicariant separation of a widespread lowland form east and west of the Andes at c. 3.6 Ma. This was followed by two separate east-to-west dispersal events over or around the completed Andes, each producing a genetically distinct lineage. Our analysis suggests that Andean uplift promoted the build-up of biodiversity in lowland Neotropical faunas both through vicariance-based speciation during uplift and through dispersal-based speciation following uplift. In contrast to the multiple colonizations of the trans-Andean region by Dendrocincla, the Atlantic Forest was colonized from the Amazon only once, followed by in situ diversification.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada M1C 1A4. jason.weir@utoronto.ca
authors: Jason T
authors: JT
authors: Weir
authors: Momoko
authors: M
authors: Price
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D003105:Colombia; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial