title: Proteomic changes induced by anaesthesia and muscle relaxant treatment prior to electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients. Prior to treatment, patients are usually given short-acting anaesthetics and muscle relaxants to avoid harm, e.g. musculoskeletal injury, during the convulsions. However, most molecular studies investigating the mechanism of action of ECT have not explored the potential effects of the pre-treatment with anaesthetic and/ or muscle relaxant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have carried out a targeted proteome analysis using multiplex immunoassay platform of serum samples before and 10 min after initiating the administration of the anaesthetic methohexital(®) and the muscle relaxant succinylcholine(®) to eight major depressive disorder patients undergoing ECT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six out of 142 analysed molecules showed significant differences in abundance after the methohexital/succinylcholine treatment. Importantly, eight of these molecules (fatty acid-binding protein, insulin, interleukin (IL)1β, IL-10, IL-4, prolactin, S100 calcium-binding protein B and tumor necrosis factor α) have been associated previously with effects of ECT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that caution should be used when interpreting results in existing and future proteome-based biomarkers studies on the effects of ECT in neuropsychiatric disease or the use of anaesthetic/muscle relaxant in major surgical operations related to different therapeutic areas.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors: Viktoria
authors: V
authors: Stelzhammer
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Rothermundt
authors: Paul C
authors: PC
authors: Guest
authors: Nikolaus
authors: N
authors: Michael
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Sondermann
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Kluge
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Martins-de-Souza
authors: Hassan
authors: H
authors: Rahmoune
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Bahn
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008723:Methohexital / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D040901:Proteomics; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009467:Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; D008723:Methohexital; D013390:Succinylcholine