title: Fiberoptic microneedles: novel optical diffusers for interstitial delivery of therapeutic light.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Photothermal therapies have limited efficacy and application due to the poor penetration depth of light inside tissue. In earlier work, we described the development of novel fiberoptic microneedles to provide a means to mechanically penetrate dermal tissue and deliver light directly into a localized target area.This paper presents an alternate fiberoptic microneedle design with the capability of delivering more diffuse, but therapeutically useful photothermal energy. Laser lipolysis is envisioned as a future clinical application for this design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel fiberoptic microneedle was developed using hydrofluoric acid etching of optical fiber to permit diffuse optical delivery. Microneedles etched for 10, 30, and 50 minutes, and an optical fiber control were compared with three techniques. First, red light delivery from the microneedles was evaluated by imaging the reflectance of the light from a white paper.Second, spatial temperature distribution of the paper in response to near-IR light (1,064 nm, 1 W CW) was recorded using infrared thermography. Third, ex vivo adipose tissue response during 1,064 nm, (5 W CW)irradiation was recorded with bright field microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acid etching exposed a 3 mm length of the fiber core, allowing circumferential delivery of light along this length. Increasing etching time decreased microneedle diameter, resulting in increased uniformity of red and 1,064 nm light delivery along the microneedle axis. For equivalent total energy delivery, thinner microneedles reduced carbonization in the adipose tissue experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed novel microscale optical diffusers that provided a more homogeneous light distribution from their surfaces, and compared performance to a flat-cleaved fiber, a device currently utilized in clinical practice. These fiberoptic microneedles can potentially enhance clinical laser procedures by providing direct delivery of diffuse light to target chromophores, while minimizing undesirable photothermal damage in adjacent, non-target tissue.
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA. kosoglu@vt.edu
authors: Mehmet A
authors: MA
authors: Kosoglu
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Hood
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Rossmeisl
authors: David C
authors: DC
authors: Grant
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Xu
authors: John L
authors: JL
authors: Robertson
authors: Marissa Nichole
authors: MN
authors: Rylander
authors: Christopher G
authors: CG
authors: Rylander
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009339:Needles