title: Recommended confidence intervals for two independent binomial proportions.
abstract: The relationship between two independent binomial proportions is commonly estimated and presented using the difference between proportions, the number needed to treat, the ratio of proportions or the odds ratio. Several different confidence intervals are available, but they can produce markedly different results. Some of the traditional approaches, such as the Wald interval for the difference between proportions and the Katz log interval for the ratio of proportions, do not perform well unless the sample size is large. Better intervals are available. This article describes and compares approximate and exact confidence intervals that are - with one exception - easy to calculate or available in common software packages. We illustrate the performances of the intervals and make recommendations for both small and moderate-to-large sample sizes.
authors: Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. morten.fagerland@medisin.uio.no.
authors: Morten W
authors: MW
authors: Fagerland
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors: Stian
authors: S
authors: Lydersen
authors: Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors: Petter
authors: P
authors: Laake
mesh_terms: D056808:Biostatistics; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011336:Probability; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018401:Sample Size
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine