title: Hypoglycemic effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) on genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice and identification of the active ingredients.
abstract: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum flower buds) EtOH extract significantly suppressed an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice. In-vitro evaluation showed the extract had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-γ chimera assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, of which dehydrodieugenol (2) and dehydrodieugenol B (3) had potent PPAR-γ ligand-binding activities, whereas oleanolic acid (4), a major constituent in the EtOH extract, had moderate activity. Furthermore, 2 and 3 were shown to stimulate 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through PPAR-γ activation. These results indicate that clove has potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and that 2-4 mainly contribute to its hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-γ activation.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan. kurodam@toyaku.ac.jp
authors: Minpei
authors: M
authors: Kuroda
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Mimaki
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Ohtomo
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Yamada
authors: Tozo
authors: T
authors: Nishiyama
authors: Tatsumasa
authors: T
authors: Mae
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Kishida
authors: Teruo
authors: T
authors: Kawada
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D017705:Lignans; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes