title: Determinants of body fat in infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus differ with fetal sex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neonatal adiposity is a well-recognized complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to identify factors influencing adiposity in male and female infants of women treated for GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of 84 women with GDM. Daily blood glucose levels (BGLs) were retrieved from glucose meters, and overall mean fasting and mean 2-h postprandial BGLs were calculated for each woman. Infant body composition was measured at birth, and regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of infant body fat separately in male and female infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal fasting BGL was the major predictor of adiposity in male infants but had little relationship to adiposity in female infants. In male infants, percent fat was increased by 0.44% for each 0.1 mmol/L increase in mean maternal fasting BGL. Maternal BMI was the primary predictor in female infants but had little effect in males. In female infants, percent fat was increased by 0.11% for each 1 kg/m(2) increase in maternal prepregnancy BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal sex may influence the impact that treatment strategies for GDM have on infant adiposity.
authors: University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. b.lingwood@uq.edu.au
authors: Barbara E
authors: BE
authors: Lingwood
authors: Alexandra M
authors: AM
authors: Henry
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: d'Emden
authors: Amanda-Mei
authors: AM
authors: Fullerton
authors: Robin H
authors: RH
authors: Mortimer
authors: Paul B
authors: PB
authors: Colditz
authors: Kim-Anh
authors: KA
authors: Lê Cao
authors: Leonie K
authors: LK
authors: Callaway
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose