title: Human epithelial carcinoma cytotoxicity and inhibition of DMBA/TPA induced squamous cell carcinoma in Balb/c mice by Acacia catechu heartwood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acacia catechu heartwood contains significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds that exhibit powerful antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of A. catechu heartwood extracts in a human epithelial carcinoma cell line (A431) and antitumour activity against DMBA/TPA induced squamous cell carcinoma in Balb/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various extracts, including aqueous, ethyl acetate, chloroform and n-hexane, were tested for cytotoxic properties on a human epithelial carcinoma cell line (A431) by using MTT, sulforhodamine B and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. The standardized A. catechu heartwood aqueous extract (AQCE) was further evaluated for antitumour activity against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced skin carcinoma in Balb/c mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that administration of AQCE showed a dose-dependent growth inhibition response, with an IC50 value of 78.56 µg/ml. Tumour incidence was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) to 30% with AQCE compared with 100% in the DMBA/TPA group. The AQCE was also found to significantly upregulate different antioxidant enzymes in skin and liver tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that AQCE may exert its chemopreventive activity by acting as an antioxidant.
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors: Jitender
authors: J
authors: Monga
authors: Chetan Singh
authors: CS
authors: Chauhan
authors: Manu
authors: M
authors: Sharma
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000045:Acacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D028321:Plant Preparations; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate