title: A quantitative three-dimensional analysis of coronoid hypertrophy in pediatric craniofacial malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronoid process hypertrophy can be associated with a variety of congenital or acquired anomalies. There is, however, no consensus on a quantitative or objective measure to define coronoid hypertrophy. Here, the authors describe a novel analytical technique using three-dimensional computed tomographic data to accurately and reproducibly assess coronoid size and diagnose coronoid:condyle disproportion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 patients were analyzed using three-dimensional medial axis analysis, eight with of unilateral coronoid hypertrophy, four with of bilateral coronoid hypertrophy, and 12 age-matched normal control patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurement of normal subjects (n = 12) demonstrated a coronoid:condyle volumetric ratio less than or equal to 0.5. Analysis of patients with coronoid hypertrophy demonstrated that a coronoid:condyle volumetric ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 was consistent with marked coronoid:condylar disproportion and a ratio between 0.5 and 1.0 was indicative of modest disproportion. Surface area ratios comparing coronoid with condyle were also elevated (ratio, ≥0.5) in patients with coronoid hypertrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative assessment of coronoid size using three-dimensional volume and surface area analysis of computed tomographic data may be helpful to the clinician in diagnosing coronoid hypertrophy and in guiding treatment. It may also serve a role in monitoring the temporal evolution of coronoid hypertrophy in early cases that have not yet resulted in trismus or decreased interincisal opening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic, IV.
authors: New York, N.Y.; and Santiago, Chile From the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery and Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine; and Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital de Salvador, Children's Hospital Exequiel González Cortés, Universidad Mayor.
authors: Christopher C
authors: CC
authors: Chang
authors: Alexander C
authors: AC
authors: Allori
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: Wang
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Fariña
authors: Stephen M
authors: SM
authors: Warren
authors: Barry H
authors: BH
authors: Grayson
authors: Joseph G
authors: JG
authors: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed