title: Antibody responses and cross protection against lethal influenza A viruses differ between the sexes in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: A mouse model was used to determine if protective immunity to influenza A virus infection differs between the sexes. The median lethal dose of H1N1 or H3N2 was lower for naïve females than males. After a sublethal, primary infection with H1N1 or H3N2, females and males showed a similar transient morbidity, but females generated more neutralizing and total anti-influenza A virus antibodies. Immunized males and females showed similar protection against secondary challenge with a homologous virus, but males experienced greater morbidity and had higher lung viral titers after infection with a lethal dose of heterologous virus. Females develop stronger humoral immune responses and greater cross protection against heterosubtypic virus challenge.
authors: The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
authors: Maria E
authors: ME
authors: Lorenzo
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Hodgson
authors: Dionne P
authors: DP
authors: Robinson
authors: Jenifer B
authors: JB
authors: Kaplan
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Pekosz
authors: Sabra L
authors: SL
authors: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002460:Cell Line; D056738:Cross Protection; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D012737:Sex Factors; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G