title: A functional-structural model for radiata pine (Pinus radiata) focusing on tree architecture and wood quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional-structural models are interesting tools to relate environmental and management conditions with forest growth. Their three-dimensional images can reveal important characteristics of wood used for industrial products. Like virtual laboratories, they can be used to evaluate relationships among species, sites and management, and to support silvicultural design and decision processes. Our aim was to develop a functional-structural model for radiata pine (Pinus radiata) given its economic importance in many countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plant model uses the L-system language. The structure of the model is based on operational units, which obey particular rules, and execute photosynthesis, respiration and morphogenesis, according to their particular characteristics. Plant allometry is adhered to so that harmonic growth and plant development are achieved. Environmental signals for morphogenesis are used. Dynamic turnover guides the normal evolution of the tree. Monthly steps allow for detailed information of wood characteristics. The model is independent of traditional forest inventory relationships and is conceived as a mechanistic model. For model parameterization, three databases which generated new information relating to P. radiata were analysed and incorporated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulations under different and contrasting environmental and management conditions were run and statistically tested. The model was validated against forest inventory data for the same sites and times and against true crown architectural data. The performance of the model for 6-year-old trees was encouraging. Total height, diameter and lengths of growth units were adequately estimated. Branch diameters were slightly overestimated. Wood density values were not satisfactory, but the cyclical pattern and increase of growth rings were reasonably well modelled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The model was able to reproduce the development and growth of the species based on mechanistic formulations. It may be valuable in assessing stand behaviour under different environmental and management conditions, assisting in decision-making with regard to management, and as a research tool to formulate hypothesis regarding forest tree growth and development.
authors: Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. pfernan@uc.cl
authors: M Paulina
authors: MP
authors: Fernández
authors: Aldo
authors: A
authors: Norero
authors: Jorge R
authors: JR
authors: Vera
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Pérez
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D019069:Cell Respiration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016208:Databases, Factual; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016015:Logistic Models; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis; D010788:Photosynthesis; D028223:Pinus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014934:Wood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002244:Carbon