title: Experimental effects of chocolate deprivation on cravings, mood, and consumption in high and low chocolate-cravers.
abstract: This study examined how deprivation of chocolate affects state-level chocolate cravings, mood, and chocolate consumption in high and low trait-level chocolate-cravers. After identifying high and low chocolate cravers (N=58), half of the participants were instructed not to eat any chocolate for 2weeks. This created four experimental groups: deprived high-cravers (n=14), deprived low-cravers (n=14), non-deprived high-cravers (n=15), and non-deprived low-cravers (n=15). Following 2-week deprivation, state-level food cravings, mood, and chocolate intake were measured in a laboratory setting and compared across groups. Analyses revealed that anxiety increased over time for high-cravers (both deprived and non-deprived); state-level chocolate- and food-craving increased over time for both deprived groups and non-deprived high-cravers; non-deprived high-cravers ate the most chocolate; and, high-cravers were more joyful and guilty than low-cravers after eating chocolate in the laboratory. Theoretically, these results suggest that chocolate consumption may be better explained by trait-level of chocolate craving than by deprivation and highlighted significant differences in mood, state-level cravings, and chocolate intake between cravers and non-cravers following deprivation.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain. smoreno@ujaen.es
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Moreno-Dominguez
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Martín
authors: Cortney S
authors: CS
authors: Warren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety; D001066:Appetite; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult