title: Optical imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In oral cancer surgery, intraoperative optical imaging could help the surgeon to determine adequate tumor-free margins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor-specific near-infrared fluorescence agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (CW800 EGF) or glucose transporter system (CW800 2-DG) were administered to mice with tongue carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastases. Tumor growth was followed by bioluminescence imaging. Fluorescence signals were compared with a control group of healthy animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher fluorescence was found in tongue tumors and cervical lymph node metastases compared with that in control animals. Fluorescence correlated with histopathology. Tumor-to-background ratio of CW800 EGF in the tongue was 13.8 (SD = 6.1) and in the lymph nodes 15.7 (SD = 8.8). For CW800 2-DG, the tumor-to-background ratio in the tongue was 4.6 (SD = 2.1) and in the lymph nodes 33.9 (SD = 18.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optical imaging can be used to detect oral cancer and cervical lymph node metastases and could potentially improve complete surgical resection by real-time image-guided surgery.
authors: Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.keereweer@erasmusmc.nl
authors: Stijn
authors: S
authors: Keereweer
authors: Jeroen D F
authors: JD
authors: Kerrebijn
authors: Isabel M
authors: IM
authors: Mol
authors: J Sven D
authors: JS
authors: Mieog
authors: Pieter B A A
authors: PB
authors: Van Driel
authors: Robert J
authors: RJ
authors: Baatenburg de Jong
authors: Alexander L
authors: AL
authors: Vahrmeijer
authors: Clemens W G M
authors: CW
authors: Löwik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005453:Fluorescence; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D051379:Mice; D009055:Mouth / Q000473:pathology*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery