title: In vitro efficacy of the essential oil of Piper cubeba L. (Piperaceae) against Schistosoma mansoni.
abstract: In this paper, cercariae, schistosomula, and adult Schistosoma mansoni worms were incubated in vitro with the essential oil of Piper cubeba (PC-EO) at concentrations from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL, and the viability was evaluated using an inverted microscopy. The effects of PC-EO at 100 and 200 μg/mL on the stages of S. mansoni were similar to those of the positive control (PZQ at 12.5 μg/mL), with total absence of mobility after 120 h. However, at concentrations from 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, PC-EO caused a reduction in the viability of cercariae and schistosomula when compared with the negative control groups (RPMI 1640 or dechlorinated water) or (RPMI 1640 + 0.1% DMSO or dechlorinated water + 0.1% DMSO). On the other hand, adult S. mansoni worms remained normally active when incubated with PC-EO at concentrations of 12.5 and 25 μg/mL, and their viabilities were similar to those of the negative control groups. In addition, at concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL, separation of all the coupled adult worms was observed after 24 h of incubation, which is related to the fact of the reduction in egg production at this concentration. The main chemical constituents of PC-EO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as being sabinene (19.99%), eucalyptol (11.87%), 4-terpineol (6.36%), β-pinene (5.81%), camphor (5.61%), and δ-3-carene (5.34%). The cytotoxicity of the PC-EO was determined, and a significant cytotoxicity was only obtained in the concentration of 200 μg/mL after 24 h treatment. The results suggest that PC-EO possesses an effect against cercariae, schistosomula, and adult worms of the S. mansoni.
authors: Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil.
authors: Lizandra G
authors: LG
authors: Magalhães
authors: Julia M
authors: JM
authors: de Souza
authors: Kamila A L
authors: KA
authors: Wakabayashi
authors: Rosangela da S
authors: Rda S
authors: Laurentiz
authors: Adriana H C
authors: AH
authors: Vinhólis
authors: Karen C S
authors: KC
authors: Rezende
authors: Guilherme V
authors: GV
authors: Simaro
authors: Jairo K
authors: JK
authors: Bastos
authors: Vanderlei
authors: V
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Viviane R
authors: VR
authors: Esperandim
authors: Daniele S
authors: DS
authors: Ferreira
authors: Antônio E M
authors: AE
authors: Crotti
authors: Wilson R
authors: WR
authors: Cunha
authors: Márcio L A
authors: ML
authors: e Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D009822:Oils, Volatile