title: Simultaneous determination of sulphur metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana via LC-ESI-MS/MS and ³⁴S-metabolic labelling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulphur-containing metabolites play an important role in metabolism and homeostasis. Determination of these metabolites is challenging owing to their low concentrations and the interference in mass spectrometry analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a sensitive and accurate method based on liquid chromatography, electrospray ionisation, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and ³⁴S-metabolic labelling for quantification of methionine, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hydroponic set-up was used for the in vivo ³⁴S-metabolic labelling of A. thaliana. The ³⁴S-labelled metabolites biosynthesised in plant were extracted and used as internal standards. Tissue was extracted with perchloric acid (PCA) or PCA containing a known amount of the analytes for recovery analysis. Tissue extract mixed with extract of ³⁴S-labelled A. thaliana in an appropriate ratio was subjected to a LC system and electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) analysis. Quantification of metabolites was measured by comparing the ³⁴S/³⁴S ratios obtained for samples with the calibration curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calibration curves showed linearity with regression coefficients in the range of 0.9994-0.9999. Analyte recoveries were approximately 100%. The coefficients of variation of intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 4.2% and 5%, respectively. The ranges for the limits of detection determined for Met, GSSG and GSH were 10 fmol, < 10 fmol and 1.12 fmol and the limits of quantification determined for Met, GSSG and GSH were 0.44 pmol, 0.16 pmol and 34 fmol, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validated method for determination of methionine, reduced glutathione and oxidised glutathione was effectively applied to measure metabolite dynamics of sulphur-containing metabolites at the whole-plant level.
authors: Department of Disaster Management, Taiwan Police College, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
authors: Chin-Lin
authors: CL
authors: Hsieh
authors: Kai-Wun
authors: KW
authors: Yeh
authors: Luit J
authors: LJ
authors: De Kok
authors: Ryh-Nan
authors: RN
authors: Pan
authors: Yueh-Hsiung
authors: YH
authors: Kuo
authors: Mei-Hwei
authors: MH
authors: Tseng
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000378:metabolism; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism*; D013460:Sulfur Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010472:Perchlorates; D013460:Sulfur Isotopes; D013455:Sulfur; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide