title: Challenges in the association of human single nucleotide polymorphism mentions with unique database identifiers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most information on genomic variations and their associations with phenotypes are covered exclusively in scientific publications rather than in structured databases. These texts commonly describe variations using natural language; database identifiers are seldom mentioned. This complicates the retrieval of variations, associated articles, as well as information extraction, e. g. the search for biological implications. To overcome these challenges, procedures to map textual mentions of variations to database identifiers need to be developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This article describes a workflow for normalization of variation mentions, i.e. the association of them to unique database identifiers. Common pitfalls in the interpretation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mentions are highlighted and discussed. The developed normalization procedure achieves a precision of 98.1 % and a recall of 67.5% for unambiguous association of variation mentions with dbSNP identifiers on a text corpus based on 296 MEDLINE abstracts containing 527 mentions of SNPs. The annotated corpus is freely available at http://www.scai.fraunhofer.de/snp-normalization-corpus.html.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparable approaches usually focus on variations mentioned on the protein sequence and neglect problems for other SNP mentions. The results presented here indicate that normalizing SNPs described on DNA level is more difficult than the normalization of SNPs described on protein level. The challenges associated with normalization are exemplified with ambiguities and errors, which occur in this corpus.
authors: Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Department of Bioinformatics, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany. thomas@informatik.hu-berlin.de
authors: Philippe E
authors: PE
authors: Thomas
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Klinger
authors: Laura I
authors: LI
authors: Furlong
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Hofmann-Apitius
authors: Christoph M
authors: CM
authors: Friedrich
mesh_terms: D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004194:Disease / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D009154:Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide