title: Glutathione-S-transferase enhances proliferation-migration and protects against shikonin-induced cell death in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is a cytoplasmic protein responsible for detoxification, but the effect of the enzyme on cell biological events, including proliferation and migration, has never been reported. Thus, we evaluated the detoxification effect of in vitro-applied GST on cancer cell proliferation and migration. Assays for proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells in the presence of GST were carried out. Binding of GST on the surface of the cancer cells was studied by flow cytometry. Detoxification through GST pathway was studied in the presence of shikonin. The effective dosage of GST in enhancement of cell proliferation was 10-50 nM, and the cell migration could be significantly enhanced after 6 hours in the presence of 2-50 nM GST. Therefore, overall cell proliferation and migration could be enhanced in the presence of 10nM or greater concentration of GST, and 15 μM shikonin-induced toxification of the cancer cells could be neutralized by 1.0 μM GST. Flow cytometry showed that GST directly bound to the surface of the cancer cells, and this was confirmed by fluorescence confocal microscopic observation. It is concluded that human class π-GST enhances proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells by means of direct binding to the cell surface and maintaining cell viability by detoxification.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Shiping
authors: S
authors: He
authors: Tsai-Tsen
authors: TT
authors: Liao
authors: Yi-Ting
authors: YT
authors: Chen
authors: Hsiu-Maan
authors: HM
authors: Kuo
authors: Ya-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C016101:shikonin; D005982:Glutathione Transferase