title: Why socially deprived populations have a faster resting heart rate: impact of behaviour, life course anthropometry, and biology--the RECORD Cohort Study.
abstract: Although studies have shown that resting heart rate (RHR) is predictive of cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, few studies focused on the epidemiology and social aetiology of RHR. Using the RECORD Cohort Study (7158 participants, 2007-2008, Paris region, France), we investigated individual/neighbourhood socioeconomic variables associated with resting heart rate, and assessed which of a number of psychological factors (depression and stress), behaviour (sport-related energy expenditure, medication use, and alcohol, coffee, and tobacco consumption), life course anthropometric factors (body mass index, waist circumference, and leg length as a marker of childhood environmental exposures), and biologic factors (alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) contributed to the socioeconomic disadvantage-RHR relationship. Combining individual/neighbourhood socioeconomic factors in a socioeconomic score, RHR increased with socioeconomic disadvantage: +0.9 [95% credible interval (CrI): +0.2, +1.6], +1.8 (95% CrI: +1.0, +2.5), and +3.6 (95% CrI: +2.9, +4.4) bpm for the 3 categories reflecting increasing disadvantage, compared with the lowest disadvantage category. Twenty-one percent of the socioeconomic disadvantage-RHR relationship was explained by sport practise variables, 9% by waist circumference, 7% by gamma-glutamyltransferase, 5% by alkaline phosphatase, and 3% by leg length. Future research should further clarify the mechanisms through which socioeconomic disadvantage influences resting heart rate, as a pathway to social disparities in cardiovascular morbidity/mortality.
authors: Inserm U707, Paris, France. chaix@u707.jussieu.fr
authors: Basile
authors: B
authors: Chaix
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Jouven
authors: Frédérique
authors: F
authors: Thomas
authors: Cinira
authors: C
authors: Leal
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Billaudeau
authors: Kathy
authors: K
authors: Bean
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Kestens
authors: Bertrand
authors: B
authors: Jëgo
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Pannier
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Danchin
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011287:Prejudice; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012146:Rest; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires