title: Vitamin D and calcium status and appropriate recommendations in bariatric surgery patients.
abstract: Bariatric surgery is becoming an increasingly common procedure performed to achieve long-term weight loss in morbidly obese patients. Bariatric surgery may cause long-term morbidity because of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. This review synthesizes the research on vitamin D and calcium status in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. The literature shows that morbidly obese patients are likely deficient in vitamin D prior to surgery because of poor sunlight exposure, less bioavailability of the vitamin when sequestered in fat cells, and inhibited hepatic vitamin activation. Gastric bypass surgery may further exacerbate vitamin D and calcium deficiencies secondary to poor compliance, loss to follow-up, reduced food intake, and malabsorption. It is imperative that research be conducted to determine adequate supplementation regimens for vitamin D and calcium in bariatric surgery patients.
authors: Department of Human Environmental Studies, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, USA. michelledewey@live.com
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Dewey
authors: Roschelle
authors: R
authors: Heuberger
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000172:deficiency*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011322:Primary Prevention; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium