title: Pharmacogenetic analysis of the effects of polymorphisms in APOE, IDE and IL1B on a ketone body based therapeutic on cognition in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the effect of genetic variation in APOE, IDE and IL1B on the response to induced ketosis in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotype effects on ADAS-Cog scores from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in mild to moderate AD were examined by an overall two way analysis of variance. In addition, interactions with the carriage status of the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE4) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in response to induced ketosis were found among non-carriers of putative gain-of-function polymorphisms in rs1143627 and rs16944 in the IL1B gene and among variants of the polymorphism rs2251101 in the IDE gene. Significant differences were found among non-carriers of the APOE4 gene, with notable improvement among the E3/E3 genotype group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variants in APOE, IL1B and IDE may influence the cognitive response to induced ketosis in patients with mild to moderate AD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registry number NCT00142805.
authors: Accera Inc,, Broomfield, CO 80021, USA. sthenderson@gmail.com
authors: Samuel T
authors: ST
authors: Henderson
authors: Judes
authors: J
authors: Poirier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007339:Insulysin / Q000235:genetics*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D007339:Insulysin