title: Effects of long-term use of antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral Epstein-Barr virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the prevalence of oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in HIV-infected subjects compared to non-HIV controls and (ii) the effects of long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the prevalence of oral EBV.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed in HIV-infected subjects with and without ART, and non-HIV individuals. DNA in saliva samples was extracted and used as a template to detect EBV BamH1W and EBNA1 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Student t-test and ANOVA test were performed to determine the prevalence rates among groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine HIV-infected subjects: 37 on ART (age range 23-54 year, mean 37 year), 12 not on ART (age range 20-40 year, mean 31 year), and 20 non-HIV controls (age range 19-53 year, mean 31 year) were enrolled. The numbers of EBV BamH1W in saliva were found to be significantly higher in HIV-infected subjects than non-HIV controls (80% vs. 20%, mean = 12118 vs. 134 copies/10(5) cells, P < 0.001). HIV-infected subjects who were on ART had significantly lower numbers of EBV BamH1W than those who were not (mean = 4102 vs. 138613 copies/10(5) cells, P = 0.011). The numbers were significantly lower in those who received long-term ART compared with short-term (mean = 1401 vs. 11124 copies/10(5) cells, P = 0.034). No significant difference was observed between the groups when using EBNA1 primers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of oral EBV was significantly higher in HIV-infected subjects than non-HIV-controls. The numbers of the virus were significantly decreased by ART. Long-term use of ART did not increase oral EBV.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
authors: Korntip
authors: K
authors: Amornthatree
authors: Hutcha
authors: H
authors: Sriplung
authors: Winyou
authors: W
authors: Mitarnun
authors: Wipawee
authors: W
authors: Nittayananta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000032:analysis; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000821:virology*; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; C417029:EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1