title: A controlled study of medial arterial calcification of legs: implications for diabetic polyneuropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and medial arterial calcification (MAC), possibly related to prevalence and severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence, risk covariates, and implication of MAC in a controlled study of healthy subjects and patients with DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Masked evaluation of radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Olmsted County, Minnesota.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory volunteers with DM from the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study cohort (n = 260) and matched healthy subjects from the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study-Healthy Subject cohort (n = 221).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients and controls underwent standard radiographs of distal legs and feet from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2002. The radiographs were independently read by masked, experienced radiologists for vessel calcification. Medial arterial calcification prevalence, risk covariates, correlation with peripheral arterial disease, and implication for distal, length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 481 study participants, MAC was found in 66 (13.7%): 55 of 260 (21.2%) in patients with DM and 11 of 221 (5.0%) in healthy subjects (P < .001). Interrater agreement of MAC was 94.1% (κ coefficient of 0.7). Medial arterial calcification was significantly associated with DSPN (P < .001). In stepwise logistic regression analysis, the significant risk covariates for MAC were advancing age, male sex, DM, and stage of microvessel disease (retinopathy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medial arterial calcification of legs was approximately 4 times as prevalent in population-representative ambulatory persons with DM as in healthy subjects. Advancing age, male sex, DM, and retinopathy were the significant risk covariates for MAC of legs. Medial arterial calcification of legs, although significantly associated with DSPN, was not a useful surrogate marker of DSPN. Also, MAC was not shown to be a risk covariate for late worsening of DSPN, although other lines of evidence suggest that peripheral arterial disease may worsen DSPN.
authors: Peripheral Neurology Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Joon-Shik
authors: JS
authors: Moon
authors: Vicki M
authors: VM
authors: Clark
authors: John W
authors: JW
authors: Beabout
authors: Ronald G
authors: RG
authors: Swee
authors: Peter James
authors: PJ
authors: Dyck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000473:pathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*