title: Obesity, inflammation and metabolic syndrome in Danish adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe biomarkers of inflammation and markers related to the metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy obese Danish adolescent and compare to a normal-weight group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one obese and 30 normal-weight adolescents (12-15 years) were included. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured, and blood was sampled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese adolescents had significantly higher blood pressure, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, C-peptide, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values, compared with normal-weight adolescents, whereas there were no differences between the groups for glucose, free fatty acids or faecal calprotectin. Within the obese group insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CRP were positively associated with body mass index (BMI) Z-scores. The MS was present in 14% of obese adolescents. CRP was positively associated with most anthropometric measures within the obese group, and in multiple linear regression analysis both BMI Z-score and the sum of skin folds explained a considerable part (R(2) = 0.421) of the variation in CRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Otherwise healthy Danish obese adolescents had marked low-grade inflammation, elevated biomarkers of the MS and high prevalence of the MS.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. rg@dsr.life.ku.dk
authors: Rikke Juul
authors: RJ
authors: Gøbel
authors: Signe Marie
authors: SM
authors: Jensen
authors: Hanne
authors: H
authors: Frøkiaer
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Mølgaard
authors: Kim Fleischer
authors: KF
authors: Michaelsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein