title: Measuring and targeting aldosterone and renin in atherosclerosis-a review of clinical data.
abstract: Our understanding of the development and progression of atherosclerosis has increased substantially over the past decades. A significant role for the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in this process has gained appreciation in recent years. Preclinical and clinical studies have associated components of the RAAS with various cardiovascular disease conditions. Classically known for its contribution to hypertension, dysregulation of the system is now also believed to promote vascular inflammation, fibrosis, remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction, all intimately related to atherosclerosis. The reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, as seen with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, supports the concept that RAAS is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology remain to be completely understood. Evidence points toward additional benefit from therapeutic approaches aiming at more complete inhibition of the system and the possible utility of renin or aldosterone in the prediction of cardiovascular outcome. This review will summarize the current knowledge from clinical studies regarding the presumptive role of renin and aldosterone in the prediction and management of patients with atherosclerosis. For this purpose, a literature search was performed, focusing on available clinical data regarding renin or aldosterone and cardiovascular outcome.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Marieke A
authors: MA
authors: Hillaert
authors: Eef G
authors: EG
authors: Lentjes
authors: Farzin
authors: F
authors: Beygui
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Kemperman
authors: Folkert W
authors: FW
authors: Asselbergs
authors: Hendrik M
authors: HM
authors: Nathoe
authors: Pierfrancesco
authors: P
authors: Agostoni
authors: Michiel
authors: M
authors: Voskuil
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Ivanes
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Jude
authors: Michel E
authors: ME
authors: Bertrand
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Pasterkamp
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: van der Graaf
authors: Pieter A
authors: PA
authors: Doevendans
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Montalescot
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Van Belle
mesh_terms: D000450:Aldosterone / Q000502:physiology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012083:Renin / Q000502:physiology*; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D012083:Renin; D000092502:Renin Inhibitors