title: Roles of chromatin insulator proteins in higher-order chromatin organization and transcription regulation.
abstract: Eukaryotic chromosomes are condensed into several hierarchical levels of complexity: DNA is wrapped around core histones to form nucleosomes, nucleosomes form a higher-order structure called chromatin, and chromatin is subsequently compartmentalized in part by the combination of multiple specific or unspecific long-range contacts. The conformation of chromatin at these three levels greatly influences DNA metabolism and transcription. One class of chromatin regulatory proteins called insulator factors may organize chromatin both locally, by setting up barriers between heterochromatin and euchromatin, and globally by establishing platforms for long-range interactions. Here, we review recent data revealing a global role of insulator proteins in the regulation of transcription through the formation of clusters of long-range interactions that impact different levels of chromatin organization.
authors: Centre de Biochimie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Institut National de la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France.
authors: Jutta
authors: J
authors: Vogelmann
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Valeri
authors: Emmanuelle
authors: E
authors: Guillou
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Cuvier
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Nollmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C452919:BEAF-32 protein, Drosophila; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; C000619697:CTCF protein, human; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins