title: Gross hematuria caused by a congenital intrarenal arteriovenous malformation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report the case of a woman who presented with gross hematuria and was treated with a percutaneous embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 48-year-old Caucasian woman presented with gross hematuria, left flank pain, and clot retention. The patient had no history of renal trauma, hypertension, urolithiasis, or recent medical intervention with percutaneous instrumentation. The patient did not report any bleeding disorder and was not taking any medication. Her systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were normal at presentation. The patient had anemia (8 mg/dL) and tachycardia (110 bpm). She underwent color and spectral Doppler sonography, multi-slice computed tomography, and angiography of the kidneys, which showed a renal arteriovenous malformation pole on top of the left kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feeding artery of the arteriovenous malformation was selectively embolized with a microcatheter introduced using a right transfemoral approach. By using this technique, we stopped the bleeding, preserved renal parenchymal function, and relieved the patient's symptoms. The hemodynamic effects associated with the abnormality were also corrected.
authors: Department of Radiology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. gcarraf@tin.it.
authors: Gianpaolo
authors: G
authors: Carrafiello
authors: Domenico
authors: D
authors: Laganà
authors: Gaia
authors: G
authors: Peroni
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Mangini
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Fontana
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Mariani
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Piffaretti
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Fugazzola