title: In vitro physicochemical characterization and short term in vivo tolerability study of ethionamide loaded PLGA nanoparticles: potentially effective agent for multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To achieve prolonged drug release for the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis and to improve the patient compliance, ethionamide loaded PLGA nanoparticles were developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  They were developed by solvent evaporation method and optimized. The optimized formulation was subjected to various physico-chemical characterization, in vitro release studies and in vivo tolerability study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant drug-polymer interaction and drug was encapsulated as crystalline form in nanoparticles. In vitro release was sustained up to 15 days in various media. Ethionamide loaded nanoparticles in mice did not reveal any statistically significant treatment related effects on body weight gain and clinical signs. Likewise, no treatment-related toxic effect was found in hematology, clinical chemistry and histopathology. Our results indicate the development of an orally effective safe formulation of ethionamide with sustained release property.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, ethionamide loaded nanoparticles offer excellent potential for further preclinical and clinical studies.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
authors: Gaurav
authors: G
authors: Kumar
authors: Samir
authors: S
authors: Malhotra
authors: Nusrat
authors: N
authors: Shafiq
authors: Promila
authors: P
authors: Pandhi
authors: Gopal Krishan
authors: GK
authors: Khuller
authors: Sadhna
authors: S
authors: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D005000:Ethionamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005000:Ethionamide