title: Prospective memory after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury: a multinomial modeling approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective memory (PM), which can be understood as the processes involved in realizing a delayed intention, is consistently found to be impaired after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although PM can be empirically dissociated from retrospective memory, it inherently involves both a prospective component (i.e., remembering that an action needs to be carried out) and retrospective components (i.e., remembering what action needs to be executed and when). This study utilized a multinomial processing tree model to disentangle the prospective (that) and retrospective recognition (when) components underlying PM after moderate-to-severe TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen participants with moderate to severe TBI and 17 age- and education-matched control participants completed an event-based PM task that was embedded within an ongoing computer-based color-matching task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multinomial processing tree modeling approach revealed a significant group difference in the prospective component, indicating that the control participants allocated greater preparatory attentional resources to the PM task compared to the TBI participants. Participants in the TBI group were also found to be significantly more impaired than controls in the when aspect of the retrospective component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicated that the TBI participants had greater difficulty allocating the necessary preparatory attentional resources to the PM task and greater difficulty discriminating between PM targets and nontargets during task execution, despite demonstrating intact posttest recall and/or recognition of the PM tasks and targets.
authors: Mental Health & Behavioral Sciences, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital.
authors: Shital P
authors: SP
authors: Pavawalla
authors: Department of Psychology, Washington State University.
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Schmitter-Edgecombe
authors: Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio.
authors: Rebekah E
authors: RE
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology