title: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an important differential diagnosis in psychosis.
abstract: We present four cases of confirmed anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis; three presented initially with serious psychiatric symptoms and the other developed significant psychiatric symptoms during the initial phase of illness. Brain biopsy findings of one patient are also described. Psychiatrists should consider anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in patients presenting with psychosis and additional features of dyskinesias, seizures and catatonia, particularly where there is no previous history of psychiatric disorder.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Barry
authors: Orla
authors: O
authors: Hardiman
authors: Daniel G
authors: DG
authors: Healy
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Keogan
authors: Joan
authors: J
authors: Moroney
authors: Peter P
authors: PP
authors: Molnar
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Cotter
authors: Kieran C
authors: KC
authors: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003702:Delusions / Q000150:complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000276:immunology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012008:Recurrence; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D013256:Steroids; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid