title: Plasma antibody profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for tuberculosis.
abstract: Two billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), worldwide. Ten million to 20 million of the infected individuals develop disease per year. TB is a treatable disease, provided that it is diagnosed in a timely manner. The current TB diagnostic methods are subjective, inefficient, or not cost-effective. Antibody-based blood tests can be used efficiently and cost-effectively for TB diagnosis. A major challenge is that different TB patients generate antibodies against different antigens. Therefore, a multiplex immunoassay approach is needed. We have developed a multiplex panel of 28 M. tuberculosis antigen-coated microbeads. Plasma samples were obtained from over 300 pulmonary TB patients and healthy controls in a country where TB is endemic, Pakistan. Multiplex data were analyzed using computational tools by multivariate statistics, classification algorithms, and cluster analysis. The results of antibody profile-based detection, using 16 selected antigens, closely correlated with those of the sputum-based diagnostic methods (smear microscopy and culture) practiced in countries where TB is endemic. Multiplex microbead immunoassay had a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90% and 80%, respectively. These antibody profiles could potentially be useful for the diagnosis of nonpulmonary TB, which accounts for approximately 20% of cases of disease. Since an automated, high-throughput version of this multiplex microbead immunoassay could analyze thousands of samples per day, it may be useful for the diagnosis of TB in millions of patients worldwide.
authors: Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Hutchison Rd. and County Rd. 98, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ihkhan@ucdavis.edu
authors: Imran H
authors: IH
authors: Khan
authors: Resmi
authors: R
authors: Ravindran
authors: Viswanathan V
authors: VV
authors: Krishnan
authors: Irum Nawaz
authors: IN
authors: Awan
authors: Syed Kumail
authors: SK
authors: Rizvi
authors: Muhammad Arif
authors: MA
authors: Saqib
authors: Mirza Imran
authors: MI
authors: Shahzad
authors: Sabira
authors: S
authors: Tahseen
authors: Greg
authors: G
authors: Ireton
authors: Celia W
authors: CW
authors: Goulding
authors: Phil
authors: P
authors: Felgner
authors: Kathy
authors: K
authors: DeRiemer
authors: Azra
authors: A
authors: Khanum
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Luciw
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D008863:Microspheres; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D010154:Pakistan; D010949:Plasma / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers