title: Correlating CpG islands, motifs, and sequence variants in human chromosome 21.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CpG islands are important regions in DNA. They usually appear at the 5' end of genes containing GC-rich dinucleotides. When DNA methylation occurs, gene regulation is affected and it sometimes leads to carcinogenesis. We propose a new detection program using a hidden-markov model alongside the Viterbi algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our solution provides a graphical user interface not seen in many of the other CGI detection programs and we unify the detection and analysis under one program to allow researchers to scan a genetic sequence, detect the significant CGIs, and analyze the sequence once the scan is complete for any noteworthy findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using human chromosome 21, we show that our algorithm finds a significant number of CGIs. Running an analysis on a dataset of promoters discovered that the characteristics of methylated and unmethylated CGIs are significantly different. Finally, we detected significantly different motifs between methylated and unmethylated CGI promoters using MEME and MAST.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developing this new tool for the community using powerful algorithms has shown that combining analysis with CGI detection will improve the continued research within the field of epigenetics.
authors: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, York University Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
authors: Leah
authors: L
authors: Spontaneo
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Cercone
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001482:Base Composition; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008390:Markov Chains; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface