title: The usefulness of S100B, NSE, GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 as a predictive biomarker of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Predicting the long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important component of treatment strategy. Despite dramatically improved emergency management of TBI and apparent clinical recovery, most patients with TBI still may have long-term central nervous system (CNS) impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with TBI were enrolled into the prospective study. Venous blood samples were taken at admission and every 24 h for a maximum of 6 consecutive days. Serum concentrations of the biomarkers S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 were quantified immuno-luminometrically or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The outcome was evaluated 6 months after TBI using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The S100B levels in patients with worse outcome (GOS 4 or death) were already significantly higher at D0 (p < 0.001; p = 0.002). NSE levels were significantly higher in patients who died or had worse outcomes (p < 0.001; p = 0.003). Patients who had worse outcomes (GOS) or died had higher GFAP values (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), but their dynamics were similar over the same period. NF-H grew significantly faster in patients who had a worse GOS or died (p < 0.001; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although further prospective study is warranted, these findings suggest that levels of biomarkers correlate with mortality and may be useful as predictors of outcome in children with TBI.
authors: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Children‘s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. jzurek@fnbrno.cz
authors: Jiří
authors: J
authors: Žurek
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Fedora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000097:blood*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D064046:Secretagogins; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C533270:NSMCE1 protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; C576556:SCGN protein, human; D064046:Secretagogins; C051774:neurofilament protein H