title: Video analysis of dispatcher-rescuer teamwork-Effects on CPR technique and performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to study the effect of continuous dispatcher communication on CPR technique and performance during 10min of simulated cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed video recordings and manikin data from 30 CPR trained lay people who where left alone in a simulated cardiac arrest situation with a manikin in a home-like environment (in a small, confined kitchen with the disturbing noise of a radio). CPR was performed for 10min with continuous telephone instructions via speaker function from a dispatcher. The dispatcher was blinded for CPR performance and video. Dispatcher communication, compression technique and ventilation technique was scored as accomplished or failed in the 1st and 10th minute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  29/30 rescuers were able to hear instructions, answer questions from the dispatcher and perform CPR in parallel. Rescuer position beside manikin was initially correct for 13/30, improving to 21/30 (p=0.008). Compression technique was adequate for the whole episode, with an insignificant trend for improvement; 29 to 30/30 using straight arms, 28 to 30/30 in a vertical position over chest and 24 to 27/30 counting loudly. 17/29 placed their hands between the nipples initially, improving to 24/29 (p=0.065). Mean compression rate improved from 84 to 101min(-1) (p<0.001), and compression depth maintained adequate (43 to 42mm). Initially, 17/29 used chin-lift manoeuvre, 14/30 used head-tilt and 19/29 used nose pinch to manage open airways, compared to 18, 20 and 22/29 (ns) in the 10th minute, respectively. Successful delivery of ventilation improved from 13/30 to 23/30 (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bystander and dispatcher can communicate successfully during ongoing CPR using a telephone with speaker function. CPR technique and quality improved or did not change over 10min with continuous dispatcher assistance. These results suggest a potential for improved bystander CPR using rescuer-dispatcher teamwork.
authors: Oslo University Hospital HF, Institute for Experiemental Medical Research, PO Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway. tonje.birkenes@laerdal.no
authors: Tonje S
authors: TS
authors: Birkenes
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Myklebust
authors: Andres
authors: A
authors: Neset
authors: Theresa M
authors: TM
authors: Olasveengen
authors: Jo
authors: J
authors: Kramer-Johansen
mesh_terms: D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D003142:Communication; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013689:Telephone; D014741:Video Recording