title: Lung injury induced by the pulmonary instillation of povidone-iodine in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Povidone-iodine (polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine, PI), which is commonly used as a pre- and postoperative oral antiseptic, has been reported to cause pneumonia secondary to its pulmonary aspiration. Because no studies have yet investigated the underlying mechanisms of PI-induced pneumonia, we conducted an animal study to analyze the effect of PI on the lung following its pulmonary instillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The lungs of 61 male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250 g) were instilled with varying volumes of either phosphate-buffered saline or PI solutions varying in strength from 0.01% to 10%. The lungs were harvested from the rats 1 h or 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, or 21 days after instillation for radiologic examination, macroscopic and light and scanning electron microscopic assessment, and an assessment of pulmonary toxicity using an MTT-based cytotoxicity assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopically, atelectasis was the primary pulmonary lesion after PI instillation. The primary light and scanning electron microscopic findings were an initial inflammatory phase with edema, alveolar rupture, and leukocyte infiltration into the pulmonary interstitium, which progressed into a phase of lung parenchyma loss, and then resolved itself with scar tissue formation. Lung tissue viability following 1-day exposure to 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, or 5% PI progressively decreased in a significant dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PI aspiration can cause lung injury, including pulmonary fibrosis.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Paik Hospital, Inje University, Gaegumdong, Jingu, Busan, Korea. anesjsh@medimail.co.kr
authors: Soon Ho
authors: SH
authors: Cheong
authors: Young Il
authors: YI
authors: Yang
authors: Min Young
authors: MY
authors: Choi
authors: Myoung Hun
authors: MH
authors: Kim
authors: Kwang Rae
authors: KR
authors: Cho
authors: Se Hun
authors: SH
authors: Lim
authors: Jeong Han
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Kun Moo
authors: KM
authors: Lee
authors: Sung Ho
authors: SH
authors: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D011206:Povidone-Iodine