title: Factors associated with exercise behavior in people with Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The benefits of exercise for reducing disability in people with Parkinson disease (PD) are becoming more evident. Optimal benefit, however, requires regular and sustained participation. Factors associated with engaging in regular exercise have received little scientific scrutiny in people with PD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with exercise behavior in patients with PD using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a guiding framework.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants in this study were 260 patients with PD from 4 institutions. Participants were designated as "exercisers" or "nonexercisers" based on responses to the Stages of Readiness to Exercise Questionnaire. Exercise status was validated using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and an activity monitor. Factors potentially associated with exercise behavior included measures of body structure and function, activity, participation, environmental factors, and personal factors. Their relative contributions were analyzed using logistic regression and quantified with odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixty-four participants (63%) were designated as exercisers. Participants with high self-efficacy were more than twice as likely to engage in regular exercise than those with low self-efficacy (adjusted odds ratio=2.34, 95% confidence interval=1.30-4.23). College educated and older participants also were more likely to exercise. Disabling influences of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions were not associated with exercise behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cross-sectional nature of the study limited the ability to make causal inferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-efficacy, rather than disability, appears to be strongly associated with whether ambulatory, community-dwelling people with PD exercise regularly. The results of this study suggest that physical therapists should include strategies to increase exercise self-efficacy when designing patient intervention programs for patients with PD.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA. tellis@bu.edu
authors: Terry
authors: T
authors: Ellis
authors: James T
authors: JT
authors: Cavanaugh
authors: Gammon M
authors: GM
authors: Earhart
authors: Matthew P
authors: MP
authors: Ford
authors: K Bo
authors: KB
authors: Foreman
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Fredman
authors: Jennifer K
authors: JK
authors: Boudreau
authors: Leland E
authors: LE
authors: Dibble
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires