title: Perinatal asphyxia: kidney failure does not affect S100B urine concentrations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S100B protein is a well-established marker of brain damage. Its importance in urine assessment is the convenience of a collection and sampling procedure that can be repeated without risk for the newborn. Since S100B is mainly eliminated by the kidneys and perinatal asphyxia (PA) is often associated with kidney failure we investigated whether S100B release might be kidney-mediated, thereby modifying the protein's reliability as a brain-damage marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a cohort of healthy (n=432) and asphyxiated newborns (n=32) in whom kidney function parameters (blood urea and creatinine concentrations and urine gravity) and urine S100B concentrations were assessed in the first hours after birth. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis with S100B as independent variable among a variety of clinical and laboratory monitoring parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S100B urine concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.01) in PA newborns than controls. No significant correlations (P>0.05, for all) between total urine S100B levels and kidney function parameters such as creatinine (r=0.03), urea (r=0.04) and urine gravity (r=0.06) were found. Multiple logistic regression analysis of a series of clinical and laboratory monitoring parameters (odds ratio at sampling: 9.47) with S100B as independent variable showed a positive significant correlation only between S100B levels (P<0.001) and the occurrence of PA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that altered kidney function is not an adverse and/or confounding factor in urine S100B assessment and marks a new step towards the introduction of longitudinal monitoring of brain constituents in clinical practice.
authors: Department of Neonatology Obstetrics and Neuroscience, G Gaslini Children's University Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
authors: Francesco M
authors: FM
authors: Risso
authors: Laura D
authors: LD
authors: Serpero
authors: Luc J I
authors: LJ
authors: Zimmermann
authors: Antonio W D
authors: AW
authors: Gavilanes
authors: Rosanna
authors: R
authors: Frulio
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Michetti
authors: Pasquale
authors: P
authors: Florio
authors: Moataza
authors: M
authors: Bashir
authors: Iman
authors: I
authors: Iskander
authors: Hala
authors: H
authors: Mufeed
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Aboulgar
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Gazzolo
mesh_terms: D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000652:urine*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human