title: Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and its role in managing locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: Local recurrence after primary radiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Salvage treatment using reirradiation or surgery has been shown to improve survival over nontreatment. Surgery is traditionally performed using an open approach. Advances in endoscopic approaches for resection of paranasal sinus tumors have been extended to NPC. This article reviews the treatment options, in particular the role of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy in the management of recurrent NPC. The endoscopic anatomy, surgical principles, and published results on endoscopic nasopharyngectomy are presented. Short-term outcomes for early-stage recurrences are promising but long-term follow-up is needed.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228. entv2@nus.edu.sg
authors: Yew Kwang
authors: YK
authors: Ong
authors: C Arturo
authors: CA
authors: Solares
authors: Steve
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Carl H
authors: CH
authors: Snyderman
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Fernandez-Miranda
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Gardner
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed