title: Inhibition of cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex and sympathetic activity by baroreceptor and vagal afferent inputs in chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributes to sympathetic activation and angiotensin II (Ang II) in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) augments the CSAR in vagotomized (VT) and baroreceptor denervated (BD) rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study was designed to determine whether it is true in intact (INT) rats with CHF and to determine the effects of cardiac and baroreceptor afferents on the CSAR and sympathetic activity in CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sham-operated (Sham) or coronary ligation-induced CHF rats were respectively subjected to BD+VT, VT, cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) or INT. Under anesthesia, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded, and the CSAR was evaluated by the RSNA and MAP responses to epicardial application of capsaicin. Either CSAR or the responses of RSNA, MAP and CSAR to Ang II in PVN were enhanced in CHF rats treated with BD+VT, VT or INT. Treatment with VT or BD+VT potentiated the CSAR and the CSAR responses to Ang II in both Sham and CHF rats. Treatment with CSD reversed the capsaicin-induced RSNA and MAP changes and the CSAR responses to Ang II in both Sham and CHF rats, and reduced the RSNA and MAP responses to Ang II only in CHF rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CSAR and the CSAR responses to Ang II in PVN are enhanced in intact CHF rats. Baroreceptor and vagal afferent activities inhibit CSAR and the CSAR responses to Ang II in intact Sham and CHF rats.
authors: Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors: Xian-Bing
authors: XB
authors: Gan
authors: Yang-Can
authors: YC
authors: Duan
authors: Xiao-Qing
authors: XQ
authors: Xiong
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: Bai-Ping
authors: BP
authors: Cui
authors: Xing-Ya
authors: XY
authors: Gao
authors: Guo-Qing
authors: GQ
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002211:Capsaicin