title: The combined effect of electrical stimulation and high-load isometric contraction on protein degradation pathways in muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading.
abstract: High-load isometric exercise is considered an effective countermeasure against muscle atrophy, but therapeutic electrical stimulation for muscle atrophy is often performed without loading. In the present study, we investigated the combined effectiveness of electrical stimulation and high-load isometric contraction in preventing muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading. Electrical stimulation without loading resulted in slight attenuation of muscle atrophy. Moreover, combining electrical stimulation with high-load isometric contraction enhanced this effect. In electrical stimulation without loading, inhibition of the overexpression of calpain 1, calpain 2, and MuRF-1 mRNA was confirmed. On the other hand, in electrical stimulation with high-load isometric contraction, inhibition of the overexpression of cathepsin L and atrogin-1 mRNA in addition to calpain 1, calpain 2, and MuRF-1 mRNA was confirmed. These findings suggest that the combination of electrical stimulation and high-load isometric contraction is effective as a countermeasure against muscle atrophy.
authors: Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-Ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
authors: Naoto
authors: N
authors: Fujita
authors: Shinichiro
authors: S
authors: Murakami
authors: Hidemi
authors: H
authors: Fujino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D056668:Cathepsin L / Q000378:metabolism; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000628:therapy; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C486692:Fbxo32 protein, rat; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; C499086:Trim63 protein, rat; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D002154:Calpain; D056668:Cathepsin L