title: Hypoglycemia does not change the threshold for arousal from sleep in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturnal hypoglycemia is a significant problem for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia is blunted in both patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects during sleep. It is not known whether the threshold for arousal from sleep is also modified by hypoglycemia. To address this question we compared the acoustic arousal threshold from sleep during hypoglycemia and euglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents with type 1 diabetes were studied on two occasions: under hypoglycemic and euglycemic conditions. During the hypoglycemia night, subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp with nadir glucose level of 2.8 mmol/L. Hypoglycemia was initiated during stage 2 sleep and maintained during slow-wave sleep. During the euglycemia night, blood glucose was maintained at 5.5 mmol/L using the same clamp technique. The acoustic arousal threshold was determined during the first cycle of slow-wave sleep.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven subjects (mean±SE, 14.2±0.8 years old, mean glycosylated hemoglobin 8.1±0.3%, duration of diagnosis 2.5±0.5 years) completed both study nights. Arousal was only noted during acoustic testing and did not occur during hypoglycemia alone. The acoustic arousal threshold during slow-wave sleep was similar under both conditions: 79±8 dB during euglycemia and 71±6 dB (P=0.353) during hypoglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia does not impair arousal from slow-wave sleep induced by an external auditory stimulus.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors: Trang T
authors: TT
authors: Ly
authors: Timothy W
authors: TW
authors: Jones
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Griffiths
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Dart
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Davis
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Stick
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D001143:Arousal; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012890:Sleep
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine