title: Glutathionyl hemoglobin is elevated in iron deficiency anemia.
abstract: There are few good biomarkers of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Since IDA patients have evidence for increased oxidative stress, we used mass spectrometry (MS) [i.e. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization] to identify novel biomarkers. Using MALDI-MS, the following oxidative modifications of hemoglobin with the following mass-to-charge ratios were identified: 1,087.5 (α32-40), 1,545.7 (α17-31), 1,290.0 (β31-40) and 2,076.1 (β41-59). On electrospray ionization MS, the IDA patients had significantly elevated glutathionyl hemoglobin (GSHb) compared with the controls (16.9 ± 9.6 vs. 7.7 ± 3.7%; p = 0.002). GSHb levels correlated inversely with serum ferritin (Spearman rho -0.485; p = 0.003) and positively with serum transferrin receptor (0.460; p = 0.002). GSHb also demonstrated inverse correlations with hemoglobin (-0.512; p = 0.001), mean cell volume (-0.419; p = 0.026), serum iron (-0.446; p = 0.008) and transferrin saturation (-0.460; p = 0.008). For the first time, we show that GSHb is elevated in patients with IDA and has potential as a biomarker of this form of anemia.
authors: Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Molecular Medicine, St. Johns National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. arunshet@sjri.res.in
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Shet
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Pinto
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mitra
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Mandal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; C404464:glutathionyl hemoglobin; D005293:Ferritins; D005978:Glutathione