title: The effects of pressure release, phonophoresis of hydrocortisone, and ultrasound on upper trapezius latent myofascial trigger point.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of pressure release (PR), phonophoresis of hydrocortisone (PhH) 1%, and ultrasonic therapy (UT) in patients with an upper trapezius latent myofascial trigger point (MTP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated-measure design.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pain control medical clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (N=60; mean±SD age, 21.78±1.76y) with a diagnosis of upper trapezius MTP participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups: PR, PhH, UT, and control (15 in each group). All patients had a latent MTP in the upper trapezius muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  PR, PhH, UT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjective pain intensity, pain pressure threshold (PPT), and active cervical lateral flexion range of motion were assessed in 6 sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 3 treatment groups showed decreases in pain and PPT and an increase in cervical lateral flexion range of motion (P<.001) compared with the control group. Both PhH and PR techniques showed more significant therapeutic effects than UT (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that all 3 treatments used in this study were effective for treating MTP. According to this study, PhH is suggested as a new method effective for the treatment of MTP.
authors: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Javad
authors: J
authors: Sarrafzadeh
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Ahmadi
authors: Marziyeh
authors: M
authors: Yassin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005156:Facial Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D015612:Phonophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D061028:Trigger Points; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone