title: Transmission of HCV in HIV-positive populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV has changed significantly over the past decade. This review will outline the current epidemiology of HCV in HIV infection, focusing on the recent changes and factors which have been related to the increase in HCV transmission in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 2000 there has been recognition in the postindustrialized world that there has been a dramatic rise in the incidence of HCV in HIV-infected MSM. Whereas sexual transmission of HCV remains controversial in the general population, there is increasing evidence that permucosal (sexual and mucosally administered drugs) rather than parenteral risks have become key factors in HCV transmission in HIV-infected MSM. At the most basic level, transmission depends on disruption of a barrier and exposure to infected fluids, usually blood. Whereas transmission factors are often closely entwined, they can be characterized as behavioural and biological factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an improved understanding of the epidemiology of HCV in this population, interventions by relevant health authorities could be better focused.
authors: St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. m.danta@unsw.edu.au
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Danta
authors: Alison J
authors: AJ
authors: Rodger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology