title: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a rare manifestation of trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fat emboli syndrome (FES) is a disorder associated with both acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Both FES and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) are bronchoscopically definable entities that may share a common etiology. We conducted a chart review analysis to examine the relationship between FES and DAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three cases of concurrent FES and DAH were identified. Long bone fracture and/or orthopedic procedures preceded all the events and were the likely inciting source for eventual acute lung injury. Bronchoalveolar lavage-evident DAH and FES was found in all these cases in association with hemoptysis and lung-attributed blood loss. Lung-protective ventilation and standard supportive care approaches proved sufficient in attaining good outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined FES and DAH can occur in association with orthopedic injury and repair and are likely an under-recognized entity.
authors: Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, CMR 402, Box 307, APO AE 09180, Landstuhl, Germany.
authors: Patrick F
authors: PF
authors: Allan
authors: Darius K
authors: DK
authors: Amjadi
authors: Ralph L
authors: RL
authors: Haynes
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000060:Accidents, Aviation; D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins