title: Vomiting as a reliable sign of concussion.
abstract: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, with headache being the most frequent symptom of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) (including dizziness, vomiting, nausea, lack of motor coordination or difficulty balancing). Concussion may be caused by a blow to the head, or by acceleration forces without a direct impact. Often, MTBI occurs as the result of a sports injury. Loss of consciousness is always present, unlike vomiting. Therefore, we hypothesize vomiting to be considered as a cardinal sign of concussion. Stimulation of vomiting centres finally triggers vomiting. Professional boxers and mixed martial arts competitions reluctantly agree with stringent rules and protective clothing. We discuss the issue of further protection for those engaged in these and other sports.
authors: Rijeka University Medical Faculty, Department of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, and Rijeka University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors: Darko
authors: D
authors: Ledic
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Sosa
authors: Ines Strenja
authors: IS
authors: Linic
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Cvijanovic
authors: Miljenko
authors: M
authors: Kovacevic
authors: Andrej
authors: A
authors: Desnica
authors: Ivanka
authors: I
authors: Banicek
mesh_terms: D001914:Boxing; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D016139:Martial Arts; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology*