title: In vivo photoacoustic time-of-flight velocity measurement of single cells and nanoparticles.
abstract: Optical techniques for in vivo measurement of blood flow velocity are not quite applicable for determination of velocity of individual cells or nanoparticles. Here, we describe a photoacoustic time-of-flight method to measure the velocity of individual absorbing objects by using single and multiple laser beams. Its capability was demonstrated in vitro on blood vessel phantom and in vivo on an animal (mouse) model for estimating velocity of gold nanorods, melanin nanoparticles, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and circulating tumor cells in the broad range of flow velocity from 0.1 mm/s to 14 cm/s. Object velocity can be used to identify single cells circulating at different velocities or cell aggregates and to determine a cell's location in a vessel cross-section.
authors: Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sarimollaoglu
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Nedosekin
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Simanovsky
authors: E I
authors: EI
authors: Galanzha
authors: V P
authors: VP
authors: Zharov
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002460:Cell Line; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D010316:Particle Size; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging
chemical_list: D006046:Gold