title: Yearly evolution of organ damage markers in diabetes or metabolic syndrome: data from the LOD-DIABETES study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease morbidity-mortality is greater in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yearly evolution of organ damage markers in diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and to analyze the associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational prospective study was carried out in the primary care setting, involving 112 patients: 68 diabetics and 44 subjects with metabolic syndrome, subjected to 12 months of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  traditional cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, lipids, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and) and non-traditional risk factors (waist circumference, hsC Reactive Protein and fibrinogen); subclinical vascular (carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity and ankle/brachial index), cardiac (Cornell voltage-duration product), renal organ damage (creatinine, glomerular filtration and albumin/creatinine index), and antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the diabetics presented a mean age of 59.9 years, versus 55.2 years in the subjects with metabolic syndrome (p = 0.03). Diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were lower among the patients with diabetes, while blood glucose and HbA1c, as well as antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug use, were greater. At evaluation after one year, the diabetics showed a decrease in BMI (-0.39), diastolic blood pressure (-3.59), and an increase in fibrinogen (30.23 mg/dL), ankle/brachial index (0.07) and the number of patients with ankle/brachial index pathologic decreased in 6. In turn, the patients with metabolic syndrome showed an increase in HDL-cholesterol (1-91 mg/dL), fibrinogen (25.54 mg/dL), Cornell voltage-duration product (184.22 mm/ms), ankle/brachial index (0.05) and the use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs, and a reduction in serum glucose (3.74 mg/dL), HOMA, systolic (-6.76 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-3.29 mmHg), and pulse wave velocity (-0.72 m/s). The variable that best predicted a decrease in pulse wave velocity in subjects with metabolic syndrome was seen to be an increase in antihypertensive drug use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The annual assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and the decrease in pulse wave velocity was more favorable in the patients with metabolic syndrome, probably influenced by the increased percentage of subjects treated with antihypertensive and lipid lowering drugs in this group.
authors: Primary Care Research Unit, La Alamedilla Health Centre, Salamanca, Spain. magomez@usal.es
authors: Manuel A
authors: MA
authors: Gomez-Marcos
authors: Jose I
authors: JI
authors: Recio-Rodríguez
authors: Maria C
authors: MC
authors: Patino-Alonso
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Agudo-Conde
authors: Leticia
authors: L
authors: Gomez-Sanchez
authors: Emiliano
authors: E
authors: Rodriguez-Sanchez
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Gomez-Sanchez
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Garcia-Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000639:trends; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein