title: Methodology for setting risk-based concentrations of contaminants in soil and groundwater and application to a model contaminated site.
abstract: In Japan, environmental standards for contaminants in groundwater and in leachate from soil are set with the assumption that they are used for drinking water over a human lifetime. Where there is neither a well nor groundwater used for drinking, the standard is thus too severe. Therefore, remediation based on these standards incurs excessive effort and cost. In contrast, the environmental-assessment procedure used in the United States and the Netherlands considers the site conditions (land use, existing wells, etc.); however, a risk assessment is required for each site. Therefore, this study proposes a new framework for judging contamination in Japan by considering the merits of the environmental standards used and a method for risk assessment. The framework involves setting risk-based concentrations that are attainable remediation goals for contaminants in soil and groundwater. The framework was then applied to a model contaminated site for risk management, and the results are discussed regarding the effectiveness and applicability of the new methodology.
authors: Department of Industrial Systems Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University College of Technology, Osaka, Japan. fujinaga@ipc.osaka-pct.ac.jp
authors: Aiichiro
authors: A
authors: Fujinaga
authors: Iwao
authors: I
authors: Uchiyama
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Morisawa
authors: Minoru
authors: M
authors: Yoneda
authors: Yuzuru
authors: Y
authors: Sasamoto
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007564:Japan; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012308:Risk Management; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D058438:Water Cycle; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical