title: Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides.
abstract: Significant progress is being made concerning the development of oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents. Studies with antisense, siRNA, and other forms of oligonucleotides have shown promise in cellular and animal models and in some clinical studies. Nonetheless, our understanding of how oligonucleotides function in cells and tissues is really quite limited. One major issue concerns the modes of uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides, whether as "free" molecules or linked to various delivery moieties such as nanoparticles or targeting ligands. In this review, we examine the recent literature on oligonucleotide internalization and subcellular trafficking in the context of current insights into the basic machinery for endocytosis and intracellular vesicular traffic.
authors: Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. arjay@med.unc.edu
authors: Rudolph L
authors: RL
authors: Juliano
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Ming
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering