title: Apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children exposed to arsenic and fluoride.
abstract: In this study, we evaluated apoptosis induction in human immune cells in children exposed to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F). Children living in two areas in Mexico (Soledad de Graciano Sanchez (SGS) in San Luis Potosí and Colonia 5 de Febrero in Durango) were studied. Water, urine and blood samples were collected. Approximately 90% of the water samples in 5 de Febrero had As and F levels above the World Health Organization intervention guideline (10 μg/L and 1.5mg/L, respectively). In SGS, 0% of the water samples exceeded Mexican guidelines. Urinary As and F levels in children living in 5 de Febrero were significantly higher than the levels found in children living in SGS. In addition, the level of apoptosis was higher in children from the 5 de Febrero community when compared with the level of apoptosis in children living in SGS. Thus, in a worldwide context, our study demonstrates the health risks to children living in these regions.
authors: Departamento Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors: Diana O
authors: DO
authors: Rocha-Amador
authors: Jaqueline
authors: J
authors: Calderón
authors: Leticia
authors: L
authors: Carrizales
authors: Rogelio
authors: R
authors: Costilla-Salazar
authors: Iván Nelinho
authors: IN
authors: Pérez-Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic; D005459:Fluorides