title: Teaching error disclosure to residents: a curricular innovation and pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare change in obstetrics and gynecology residents' self-efficacy in disclosing medical errors after a formal educational session.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective postintervention survey to assess change in perceived preparedness to disclose medical errors. We used a 4-hour educational seminar that included a didactic component (30 minutes) and experiential learning with a trained facilitator (3 hours). Change in self-efficacy was measured using a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 is lowest, and 5 is highest) and was compared using sign test (α  =  .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our pilot study, 13 of 15 residents reported having previously participated in error disclosure. After the session, residents considered themselves more prepared for the following: to know what to include in and how to introduce error discussions, to deal with a patient's emotional reaction, to respond to a patient's questions regarding how an error occurred, and to recognize one's own emotions when discussing medical errors. Residents believed that they would be likely to use the skills learned in the remainder of residency and in their future career.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This curriculum was associated with improvement in self-efficacy regarding error disclosure. Given the unique malpractice issues that obstetricians/gynecologists face, it seems particularly useful for residents to learn these skills early in their career. In addition, this topic represents an ideal educational opportunity for residencies to improve patient care and to address other core competencies in resident education such as communication skills and professionalism.
authors: Rachel A
authors: RA
authors: Bonnema
authors: Gabriella G
authors: GG
authors: Gosman
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Arnold