title: Knockdown of synaptic scaffolding protein Homer 1b/c attenuates secondary hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated that Homer 1b/c, a postsynaptic molecular scaffolding protein that binds and clusters metabotropic glutamate receptors at neuronal synapses, has an important role in the metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling process. In the current study, we investigated the possible involvement of Homer 1b/c in secondary hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic inflammation was induced by injecting CFA into the left hind ankle of Wistar rats. Homer 1b/c antisense or missense oligonucleotides were intrathecally administrated (antisense, 10 μg/10 μL, 5 μg/10 μL, or 2.5 μg/10 μL, once a day; missense, 10 μg/10 μL) from 5 to 8 days after the onset of inflammation. The withdrawal threshold and withdrawal latency to mechanical or thermal stimuli were determined before and after the intrathecal administration. The expression and distribution of Homer 1b/c were examined in the spinal cord using immunological techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were induced within 24 hours and maintained for >2 weeks after the CFA injection. The expression of Homer 1b/c reached the highest level 7 days after inflammation and returned to baseline at day 28. Intrathecal administration of Homer 1b/c antisense oligonucleotides markedly reduced the expression of Homer 1b/c protein in the spinal cord. Additionally, administration of Homer 1b/c antisense oligonucleotides attenuated secondary mechanical hypersensitization on days 2 to 5 and reduced thermal hypersensitization on days 3 to 4. There were no effects of missense oligonucleotides on hypersensitization and the expression of Homer 1b/c. In the naïve rats, Homer 1b/c antisense oligonucleotides did not affect the mechanical and thermal responses or locomotor activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These novel results demonstrate that Homer 1b/c in the spinal cord contributes to the maintenance of secondary hyperalgesia induced by CFA and suggest that Homer 1b/c may be a novel target for pain therapy.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors: Yong-Xing
authors: YX
authors: Yao
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: Zhi-Qi
authors: ZQ
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000633:toxicity; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques / Q000379:methods; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant