title: Types of smokers in a community sample of individuals with Type 2 diabetes: a latent class analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the detrimental effects of smoking on their health, a high number of adults with Type 2 diabetes continue to smoke. Identifying distinct types of smokers within this population could help tailor and target intervention programmes. This study examined whether smokers with Type 2 diabetes could be classified into different profiles based on smoking habits, socio-economic characteristics and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of adults with self-reported diabetes was selected from random-digit dialing. Analyses included 383 participants with Type 2 diabetes who were current smokers. Information related to smoking, socio-economic status, health and lifestyle was collected by phone interview at baseline and 1 year later. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We uncovered three meaningful classes of smokers: class 1, long-time smokers with long-standing diabetes (n = 105); class 2, heavy smokers with deprived socio-economic status, poor health and unhealthy lifestyle characteristics (n = 105); class 3, working and active smokers who were more recently diagnosed with diabetes (n = 173). Members of class 2 were significantly more likely to be disabled and depressed at baseline and 1 year later compared with other classes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different profiles of smokers exist among adults with Type 2 diabetes, each suggesting different cessation treatment needs. Distinguishing between these types of smokers may enable clinicians to tailor their approach to smoking cessation.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gariepy
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Malla
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Messier
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Strychar
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lesage
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012648:Self Care; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors