title: Pharmacokinetic pilot study of the antiangiogenic activity of standardized platycodi radix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platycodi radix is a radish used in food, such as Korean kimchi, and has been shown to cause weight loss in rodents. Platycodin D is considered its active ingredient and has been shown to inhibit lipases. The authors hypothesized that platycodi radix and the platycodin D it contains inhibit angiogenesis; another mechanism for weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study tested platycodi radix extract, platycodin D, and an extract of platycodi radix standardized to platycodin D for their ability to inhibit angiogenesis in a human adipose tissue assay. This study treated five healthy volunteers, orally, with platycodi radix extract standardized to 414 mg of platycodin D. Three volunteers were treated under fasting conditions, one volunteer with a 400 kcal meal, and one volunteer treated with a placebo. Blood was drawn over 5 hours to compare serum inhibition of the human adipose tissue angiogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platycodin radix extract, platycodin D, and platycodi radix extract standardized to platycodin D all inhibited angiogenesis. The three volunteers who consumed platycodi radix extract standardized to 414 mg of platycodin D had a 25.76% reduction in angiogenesis from baseline at 60 minutes (P<0.002), and had a statistically significant reduction in angiogenesis from 30 to 240 minutes (P<0.05 to P<0.002). The placebo decreased angiogenesis by 5.6% between 30 and 240 minutes, compared with 17.8% by the extract. The meal delayed absorption by approximately 3.5 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platycodi radix extract standardized to platycodin D inhibited angiogenesis in human volunteers, and paves the way for a dose-response study and a human clinical obesity trial.
authors: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors: Emma M
authors: EM
authors: Twiner
authors: Zhijun
authors: Z
authors: Liu
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Gimble
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Yu
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Greenway
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply*; D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029422:Campanulaceae; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012503:Saponins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C108953:platycodin D