title: Observation of correlated particle-hole pairs and string order in low-dimensional Mott insulators.
abstract: Quantum phases of matter are characterized by the underlying correlations of the many-body system. Although this is typically captured by a local order parameter, it has been shown that a broad class of many-body systems possesses a hidden nonlocal order. In the case of bosonic Mott insulators, the ground state properties are governed by quantum fluctuations in the form of correlated particle-hole pairs that lead to the emergence of a nonlocal string order in one dimension. By using high-resolution imaging of low-dimensional quantum gases in an optical lattice, we directly detect these pairs with single-site and single-particle sensitivity and observe string order in the one-dimensional case.
authors: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany. manuel.endres@mpq.mpg.de
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authors: Endres
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authors: Cheneau
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authors: Fukuhara
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authors: Weitenberg
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authors: Schauss
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authors: Gross
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authors: Bañuls
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