title: Modifying emotion recognition deficits in body dysmorphic disorder: an experimental investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by excessive concerns about perceived defects or flaws in their appearance, most commonly, facial features. Previous research has shown that BDD sufferers, relative to mentally healthy controls, are characterized by emotion recognition deficits (particularly a bias to misinterpret neutral facial expressions in a negative way). It remains an open question though whether these deficits can be modified through specific training programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this question, we evaluated emotion recognition among individuals with BDD (n = 34), individuals with a dermatological condition (n = 34), and mentally healthy control participants (n = 34) before and after a single-session emotion recognition training program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, BDD participants were overall significantly worse in identifying neutral expressions, relative to the other groups, whereas no difference was obtained between the dermatology and control groups. Further, with respect to neutral and scared expressions, BDD participants improved significantly more in the training condition, relative to the nontraining condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is initial evidence that deficits in recognizing neutral and scared expressions can be normalized through a specific training program when evaluated immediately after the training session. It needs to be addressed in future research whether emotion recognition training programs can diminish these deficits on the long term, and how improved emotion recognition might be related to BDD's symptom reduction such as decreased avoidance behaviors in social situations.
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. ulrike.buhlmann@hu-berlin.de
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Buhlmann
authors: Mara J L
authors: MJ
authors: Gleiss
authors: Lilith
authors: L
authors: Rupf
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Zschenderlein
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Kathmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000523:psychology