title: An EGFR inhibitor enhances the efficacy of SN38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, in SN38-refractory gastric carcinoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acquired drug resistance to irinotecan is one of the significant obstacles in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. This study was performed to clarify the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in combination with SN38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, on the proliferation of irinotecan-refractory gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two irinotecan-resistant gastric cancer cell lines, OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-8/SN38 were, respectively, established by stepwise exposure to SN38 from the parent gastric cancer cell lines OCUM-2M and OCUM-8. The combination effects of two EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and lapatinib, with SN38 on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle on gastric cancer cells were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gefitinib or lapatinib showed synergistic anti-tumour effects against OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-8/SN38 cells when used in combination with SN38, but not against OCUM-2M or OCUM-8 cells. SN38 increased the expression of EGFR and HER2 in OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-8/SN38 cells. The combination of an EGFR inhibitor and SN38 significantly increased the levels of apoptosis-related molecules, caspase-6, p53, and DAPK-2, and resulted in the induction of apoptosis of irinotecan-resistant cells. The EGFR inhibitors increased the S-phase and decreased the UGT1A1 and ABCG expression in irinotecan-resistant cells. The SN38 plus Lapatinib group more effectively suppressed in vivo tumour growth by OCUM-2M/SN38 cells than either alone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination treatment with an EGFR inhibitor and irinotecan might produce synergistic anti-tumour effects for irinotecan-refractory gastric cancer cells. The regulation of SN38 metabolism-related genes and cell cycle by EGFR inhibitors might be responsible for the synergism.
authors: Oncology Institute of Geriatrics and Medical Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. m9312510@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yashiro
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Qiu
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hasegawa
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Matsuzaki
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D000077156:Gefitinib; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D000077341:Lapatinib; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D011799:Quinazolines; D000077341:Lapatinib; D000077146:Irinotecan; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib; D002166:Camptothecin