title: How cumulative risks warrant a shift in our approach to racial health disparities: the case of lead, stress, and hypertension.
abstract: Blacks have persistently higher rates of high blood pressure, or hypertension, compared to whites, resulting in higher health costs and mortality rates. Recent research has shown that social and environmental factors-such as high levels of stress and exposure to lead-may explain racial disparities in hypertension. Based on these findings, we recommend a fundamental shift in approaches to health disparities to focus on these sorts of cumulative risks and health effects. Federal and state agencies and research institutions should develop strategic plans to learn more about these connections and apply the broader findings to policies to reduce health disparities.
authors: Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar at the Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. mhicken@umich.edu
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Hicken
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Gragg
authors: Howard
authors: H
authors: Hu
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D006291:Health Policy; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007854:Lead