title: Health-related quality of life in subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of five population-based surveys in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate population values of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus across several large population-based survey studies in Germany. Systematic differences in relation to age and sex were of particular interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual data from four population-based studies from different regions throughout Germany and the nationwide German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GNHIES98) were included in a pooled analysis of primary data (N = 9579). HRQL was assessed using the generic index instrument SF-36 (36-item Short Form Health Survey) or its shorter version, the SF-12 (12 items). Regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between Type 2 diabetes and the two component scores derived from the SF-36/SF-12, the physical component summary score (PCS-12) and the mental component summary score (MCS-12), as well as interaction effects with age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCS-12 differed significantly by -4.1 points in subjects with Type 2 diabetes in comparison with subjects without Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was associated with significantly lower MCS-12 in women only. Higher age was associated with lower PCS-12, but with an increase in MCS-12, for subjects with and without Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pooled analysis of population-based primary data offers HRQL values for subjects with Type 2 diabetes in Germany, stratified by age and sex. Type 2 diabetes has negative consequences for HRQL, particularly for women. This underlines the burden of disease and the importance of diabetes prevention. Factors that disadvantage women with Type 2 diabetes need to be researched more thoroughly.
authors: Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Neuherberg, Germany. michaela.schunk@helmholtz-muenchen.de
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Schunk
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Reitmeir
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Schipf
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Völzke
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Meisinger
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Thorand
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kluttig
authors: K-H
authors: KH
authors: Greiser
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Berger
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Müller
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Ellert
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Neuhauser
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tamayo
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Rathmann
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Holle
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires