title: Use of an appreciative inquiry approach to improve resident sign-out in an era of multiple shift changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resident duty hour restrictions have resulted in more frequent patient care handoffs, increasing the need for improved quality of residents' sign-out process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize resident sign-out process and identify effective strategies for quality improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed methods analysis of resident sign-out, including a survey of resident views, prospective observation and characterization of 64 consecutive sign-out sessions, and an appreciative-inquiry approach for quality improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internal medicine residents (n = 89).
  
  
  METHODS
  An appreciative inquiry process identified five exemplar residents and their peers' effective sign-out strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were analyzed and observations of sign-out sessions were characterized for duration and content. Common effective strategies were identified from the five exemplar residents using an appreciative inquiry approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey identified wide variations in the methodology of sign-out. Few residents reported that laboratory tests (13%) or medications (16%) were frequently accurate. The duration of observed sign-outs averaged 134 ±73 s per patient for the day shift (6 p.m.) sign-out compared with 59 ± 41 s for the subsequent night shift (8 p.m.) sign-out for the same patients (p = 0.0002). Active problems (89% vs 98%, p = 0.013), treatment plans (52% vs 73%, p = 0.004), and laboratory test results (56% vs 80%, p = 0.002) were discussed less commonly during night compared with day sign-out. The five residents voted best at sign-out (mean vote 11 ± 1.6 vs 1.7 ± 2.3) identified strategies for sign-out: (1) discussing acutely ill patients first, (2) minimizing discussion on straightforward patients, (3) limiting plans to active issues, (4) using a systematic approach, and (5) limiting error-prone chart duplication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resident views toward sign-out are diverse, and accuracy of written records may be limited. Consecutive sign-outs are associated with degradation of information. An appreciative-inquiry approach capitalizing on exemplar residents was effective at creating standards for sign-out.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Healthsystem, P.O. Box 800744, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors: Adam S
authors: AS
authors: Helms
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Perez
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Baltz
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Donowitz
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Hoke
authors: Ellen J
authors: EJ
authors: Bass
authors: Margaret L
authors: ML
authors: Plews-Ogan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003625:Data Collection; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014768:Virginia