title: Multiscale rescaled range analysis of EEG recordings in sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Hurst exponent (HE) is a nonlinear method measuring the smoothness of a fractal time series. In this study we applied the HE index, extracted from electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, as a measure of anesthetic drug effects on brain activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 19 adult patients undergoing sevoflurane general anesthesia, we calculated the HE of the raw EEG; comparing the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) with the traditional rescaled range (R/S) analysis techniques, and with a commercial index of depth of anesthesia - the response entropy (RE). We analyzed each wavelet-decomposed sub-band as well as the combined low frequency bands (HEOLFBs). The methods were compared in regard to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, and prediction probability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the low frequency band HE indices decreased when anesthesia deepened. However the HEOLFB was the best index because: it was less sensitive to artifacts, most closely tracked the exact point of loss of consciousness, showed a better prediction probability in separating the awake and unconscious states, and tracked sevoflurane concentration better - as estimated by the PK/PD models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HE is a useful measure for estimating the depth of anesthesia. It was noted that HEOLFB showed the best performance for tracking drug effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HEOLFB could be used as an index for accurately estimating the effect of anesthesia on brain activity.
authors: Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors: Zhenhu
authors: Z
authors: Liang
authors: Duan
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Gaoxiang
authors: G
authors: Ouyang
authors: Yinghua
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Logan J
authors: LJ
authors: Voss
authors: Jamie W
authors: JW
authors: Sleigh
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D017709:Fractals; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D058067:Wavelet Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane