title: Creating a common patient safety denominator: the interns' course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After finishing medical school, interns are in many ways unprepared for handling patient care challenges independently. Recognizing that interns may benefit from a patient safety orientation, we developed an innovative curriculum to impart competencies related to their role in preventing medical errors. In the course, which runs during the first week of the intern year, we specifically address 1) calling for help; 2) teamwork and communication; 3) hand hygiene compliance; and, 4) preventing medication and other system errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The course consists of a lecture, interactive workshop, and a Web-based didactic component. Small-group simulation sessions allow instructors to assess interns' baseline competence in hand hygiene and patient hand-offs. In an individual exercise, interns performed a directed physical exam on a standardized patient and their hand hygiene adherence was recorded. In a group exercise, team performance was evaluated in accepting a hand-off from another provider and managing a deteriorating patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 131 interns, 35% (41) did not wash their hands before and 95% (121) did not wash their hands after patient examination. In the team exercise, scores for 23 teams ranged from 8 to 18 out of 30. None of the participants asked for additional information prior to accepting responsibility for the patient, despite a clearly inadequate hand-off. Post-course surveys indicate that interns consider the course worthwhile: 95% (121) found it beneficial, acquired new teamwork skills, had more appreciation for patient safety, and felt better prepared for clinical duties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed serious gaps in hand-hygiene compliance and in communication during hand-offs, both significant impediments to quality patient care. Nevertheless, positive responses to the course from both the interns and the institution reflect an important step in fostering a culture of patient safety.
authors: Ilya
authors: I
authors: Shekhter
authors: Igal
authors: I
authors: Nevo
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Fitzpatrick
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Everett-Thomas
authors: Jill S
authors: JS
authors: Sanko
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Birnbach