title: Reconstruction and 3D visualisation based on objective real 3D based documentation.
abstract: Reconstructions based directly upon forensic evidence alone are called primary information. Historically this consists of documentation of findings by verbal protocols, photographs and other visual means. Currently modern imaging techniques such as 3D surface scanning and radiological methods (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) are also applied. Secondary interpretation is based on facts and the examiner's experience. Usually such reconstructive expertises are given in written form, and are often enhanced by sketches. However, narrative interpretations can, especially in complex courses of action, be difficult to present and can be misunderstood. In this report we demonstrate the use of graphic reconstruction of secondary interpretation with supporting pictorial evidence, applying digital visualisation (using 'Poser') or scientific animation (using '3D Studio Max', 'Maya') and present methods of clearly distinguishing between factual documentation and examiners' interpretation based on three cases. The first case involved a pedestrian who was initially struck by a car on a motorway and was then run over by a second car. The second case involved a suicidal gunshot to the head with a rifle, in which the trigger was pushed with a rod. The third case dealt with a collision between two motorcycles. Pictorial reconstruction of the secondary interpretation of these cases has several advantages. The images enable an immediate overview, give rise to enhanced clarity, and compel the examiner to look at all details if he or she is to create a complete image.
authors: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Bolliger
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Buck
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Thali
authors: Stephan A
authors: SA
authors: Bolliger
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D032882:Comprehension; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008192:Deception; D004282:Documentation; D005104:Expert Testimony; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods; D049429:Forensic Pathology / Q000379:methods; D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D006708:Homicide; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013405:Suicide; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014796:Visual Perception; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology