title: Tremor reduction and modeled neural activity during cycling thalamic deep brain stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) depends on both the frequency and the temporal pattern of stimulation. We quantified responses to cycling DBS with constant frequency to determine if there was a critical on and/or off time for alleviating tremor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured postural tremor in 10 subjects with thalamic DBS and quantified neuronal entropy in a network model of Vim thalamic DBS. We tested 12 combinations of cycling on/off times that maintained the same average frequency of 125 Hz, four constant frequency settings, and baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tremor and neural firing pattern entropy decreased as the percent on time increased from 50% to 100%. Cycling with stimulation on for at least 60% of the time was as effective as regular stimulation. All cycling settings reduced the firing pattern entropy of model neurons from the no stimulation condition by regularizing pathological firing patterns, either through synaptically-mediated inhibition or axon excitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that pauses present in cycling stimulation decreased its effectiveness in suppressing tremor, and that changes in the amount of tremor suppression were strongly correlated with changes in the firing pattern entropy of model neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cycling stimulation may reduce power consumption during clinical DBS, and thereby increase the battery life of the implanted pulse generator.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
authors: Alexis M
authors: AM
authors: Kuncel
authors: Merrill J
authors: MJ
authors: Birdno
authors: Brandon D
authors: BD
authors: Swan
authors: Warren M
authors: WM
authors: Grill
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001703:Biophysics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014202:Tremor / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*