title: Genetic and epigenetic effects of environmental arsenicals.
abstract: Environmental arsenic compounds and their methylated metabolites do not form adducts with DNA, but do cause oxidative DNA damage. Chromosome aberrations are seen at toxic concentrations. Genetic effects that occur at non-toxic concentrations include aneuploidy, comutagenesis (resulting from indirect effects on DNA repair), and delayed mutagenesis (probably secondary to aneuploidy and/or epigenetic effects). Effects of trivalent arsenicals on poly(ADP ribose) polymerase and P53 activation may mediate effects on DNA repair and aneuploidy. A growing literature points to the epigenetic effects of arsenic compounds in cells and in vivo. A review of the current literature on DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA effects is presented.
authors: The Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, NYU-Langone School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA. Toby.rossman@nyumc.org
authors: Toby G
authors: TG
authors: Rossman
authors: Catherine B
authors: CB
authors: Klein
mesh_terms: D001152:Arsenicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057890:Epigenomics; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006657:Histones; D004247:DNA; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases