title: Gastric polyps in patients with portal hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric hyperplastic polyps are usually associated with chronic gastritis including Helicobacter pylori gastritis and postantrectomy stomachs. Here, we report on a series of 12 patients with portal hypertension secondary to liver cirrhosis, who were found to have a unique histological type of gastric polyp on endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 12 patients with portal hypertension, who presented with histologically diagnosed gastric hyperplastic polyps. These polyps were reviewed and compared with hyperplastic polyps from 21 patients who did not have portal hypertension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endoscopic appearances of portal hypertension-associated polyps varied considerably, with sizes ranging up to 18 mm. They were sessile or pedunculated, singular or multiple, found in the antrum or body of the stomach, and endoscopically appeared to be typical hyperplastic polyps. Histopathological examination, however, showed mucosal hyperplasia and extensive vascular proliferation and granulation tissue formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique histological appearance of gastric hyperplastic polyps in patients with portal hypertension polyps is described. The exact pathogenetic mechanism of polyp formation is unclear although it seems possible that the underlying cause is mucosal injury that is vascular in nature rather than being secondary to surface inflammation. Although there is an emerging evidence of the neoplastic potential of usual hyperplastic polyps, the natural history of portal hypertension-associated polyps is unknown. Identification and management of portal hypertension-associated gastric polyps present a particular dilemma, as these patients often have coagulopathies and vascular ectasias. Therefore, the natural history and endoscopic features of gastric polyps arising in portal hypertensive patients warrants further exploration.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, and British Columbia Transplant Society, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors: Mindy C W
authors: MC
authors: Lam
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Tha
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Owen
authors: Mazhar
authors: M
authors: Haque
authors: Nazira
authors: N
authors: Chatur
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Gray
authors: Eric M
authors: EM
authors: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology