title: Neonatal jaundice is associated with a small increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: Published data on the role of neonatal jaundice as a risk factor for childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus is inconsistent. We aimed to review systematically, the evidence for an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. A comprehensive search of the published literature was performed to identify studies that had recorded the occurrence of neonatal jaundice in a group of children with type 1 diabetes and in a group of control children. Odds ratios (ORs) were extracted from reports or derived from tabulated data and then combined using a random effects meta-analysis. Data were available from 12 case-control studies and one retrospective cohort study. Overall, there was only weak evidence of an increase in the risk of type 1 diabetes in children who had neonatal jaundice (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99-1.32; P = 0.07), and there was some evidence of heterogeneity (I(2) = 53%, P = 0.01) mainly attributable to one study. An analysis restricted to studies not relying on parental recall showed a stronger, significant relationship (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.51; P = 0.02), although heterogeneity remained. This analysis found evidence of a small but statistically significant increase in childhood type 1 diabetes risk associated with neonatal jaundice but only for studies which used data from obstetric records. Jaundice caused by blood group incompatibility or requiring phototherapy may be associated with a greater increase in type 1 diabetes risk and deserves further study.
authors: Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, UK.
authors: Maria B
authors: MB
authors: McNamee
authors: Chris R
authors: CR
authors: Cardwell
authors: Chris C
authors: CC
authors: Patterson
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007567:Jaundice, Neonatal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019370:Observation; D012307:Risk Factors