title: Saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum suppress ultraviolet A-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression via MAPKs and NF-κB/AP-1-dependent signaling in HaCaT cells.
abstract: Saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (CKS) have been shown to exhibit many pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities and antioxidant effects. However, anti-skin photoaging effects of CKS have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CKS against UVA damage on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). We then explored the inhibitory effects of CKS on UVA-induced MMP-1 and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying those effects. CKS increased the cell viability and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HaCaT cells exposed to UVA irradiation. Pre-treatment of HaCaT cells with CKS inhibited UVA-induced production of MMP-1 and MMP-9. In addition, CKS decreased UVA-induced expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Western blot analysis further revealed that CKS markedly suppressed the enhancement of collagen degradation in UVA-exposed HaCaT cells. CKS also suppressed UVA-induced activation of NF-κB or c-Jun and c-Fos, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs, which are upstream modulators of NF-κB and AP-1.
authors: Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong Pil
authors: YP
authors: Hwang
authors: Hyung Gyun
authors: HG
authors: Kim
authors: Jae Ho
authors: JH
authors: Choi
authors: Eun Hee
authors: EH
authors: Han
authors: Kwang-Il
authors: KI
authors: Kwon
authors: Young Chun
authors: YC
authors: Lee
authors: Jun Min
authors: JM
authors: Choi
authors: Young Chul
authors: YC
authors: Chung
authors: Tae Cheon
authors: TC
authors: Jeong
authors: Hye Gwang
authors: HG
authors: Jeong
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012503:Saponins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1