title: The male sling for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a review of contemporary sling designs and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the outcomes and adverse events associated with novel male sling designs described in the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was carried out using Medline, EmBase, Cochrane Registered Trials Database and the Center for Reviews and Dissemination Database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three principal slings are described in the literature. The bone-anchored sling has success rates of 40-88%, with some series having a mean follow-up of 36-48 months. It is associated with a mesh infection rate of 2-12%, which usually requires sling explantation. The retrourethral transobturator sling has a success rate of 76-91% among three large case series with follow-ups of 12-27 months. There is a low reported explantation rate. The adjustable retropubic sling has a success rate of 72-79% with follow-ups of 26-45 months. Erosion (3-13%) and infection (3-11%) can lead to explantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most male slings have a similar reported efficacy. Most case series define success as either dry or improved. True cure rates are lower. Mid- and long-term data are now available that indicate the male sling is a viable option for PPI. The use of male slings in severe UI, radiated patients, and non-radical prostatectomy patients is still unclear. Further study is needed to try and define criteria for the use of male slings, and to directly compare different procedures.
authors: Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Blayne K
authors: BK
authors: Welk
authors: Sender
authors: S
authors: Herschorn
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000209:etiology; D053825:Suburethral Slings / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology