title: ROSSO-in-praxi follow-up: long-term effects of self-monitoring of blood glucose on weight, hemoglobin A1c, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a simple tool to monitor the effects of lifestyle change on blood glucose. Recently, the ROSSO-in-praxi Study demonstrated that addition of SMBG to a 12-week lifestyle intervention was associated with significant improvements in glucometabolic control and quality of life in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). So far it is unknown if this short-term intervention also has long-term effects. Therefore, participants were followed up for a mean period of 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=327) were asked by mail for current weight, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), performance of SMBG, and quality of life (SF36 and CES-D questionnaires). Participants who did not reply were contacted by phone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred twenty-eight participants (70%) completed the follow-up. During the 12-week lifestyle intervention they had significantly reduced weight (2.2 kg) and HbA1c (0.3%; P<0.001 each). After 2 years they achieved a further reduction of weight (0.2 kg; P<0.001), whereas HbA1c increased again, remaining 0.1% lower than baseline. The numbers of depressed participants remained stable during follow-up, whereas physical and mental health-related quality of life remained better compared with baseline. During follow-up 20% of participants continued SMBG daily, 35% several times a week, and 33% irregularly. It is interesting that participants with daily SMBG demonstrated an HbA1c decrease of 0.3% at time of follow-up, whereas in those who stopped SMBG HbA1c increased by 0.1% (P=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integration of a short-term, motivational, and low-cost intervention into basic therapy of T2DM has had beneficial long-term effects on weight and quality of life and, if SMBG was continued daily, also on HbA1c.
authors: West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany. kerstin.kempf@wdgz.de
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Kempf
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Kruse
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin