title: 23-hydroxybetulinic acid-induced HL-60 cell autophagic apoptosis and its molecular mechanism.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of 23-hydroxybetulinic acid (23-HBA) in inducing HL-60 autophagic apoptosis and explores its potential molecular mechanism. The generation depression effects of HL-60 cells cultured in vitro were detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method (p < 0.05), and dosage time-dependent relationships were found. Numerous autophagic vacuoles and empty vacuoles were observed in HL-60 cells treated with 12.5 µM 23-HBA for 24 h by electron microscopy; it was also observed that the process of cell division diminished. Using flow cytometry, the number of apoptotic cells was seen to obviously increase, and the G1/S phase was retarded. It was observed that 23-HBA tended to arrest cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The percentage of the apoptotic cells increased as treatment duration and concentration increased. Beclin-1 expression enhanced with an increase in 23-HBA concentration. We can conclude that 23-HBA can induce autophagic apoptosis in HL-60; the autophagic apoptosis induced by 23-HBA is related to the upregulation of expression of the apoptotic gene beclin-1.
authors: Department of Oncology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China. yebin1986713@126.com
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Ye
authors: Zhao-Ning
authors: ZN
authors: Ji
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C468651:23-hydroxybetulinic acid; D014315:Triterpenes