title: A new clinical protocol for the pharmacological management of acute behavioural disturbance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychiatry is awash with pharmacological acute behavioural disturbance protocols which list oral or intramuscular benzodiazepines and antipsychotics with numerous options. This results in frequent over-sedation and occasional profound sedation and death. This paper describes the development of a simplified sedation protocol for the pharmacological management of acute behavioural disturbance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the wider availability of intramuscular lorazepam in 2008, Metro North Mental Health developed a protocol utilizing only two products - oral or intramuscular lorazepam or olanzapine - which was subsequently developed into a statewide protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The advantage of utilizing only two sedating medications is that it greatly reduces the risk of profound sedation and theoretically reduces the risk of other complications including deaths. Clinical staff who have utilized the protocol report a reduction in over-sedation of inpatients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simplified protocol makes the pharmacological management of acute behaviour disturbance safer for both patients and staff.
authors: Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Brett_Emmerson@health.qld.gov.au
authors: Brett
authors: B
authors: Emmerson
authors: Vikas
authors: V
authors: Moudgil
authors: Alison
authors: A
authors: Woodbridge
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Burrows
authors: Bill
authors: B
authors: Kingswell
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Kubler
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine; D008140:Lorazepam