title: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in diabetic patients.
abstract: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which is characterized by absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. The key roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the progression of vascular complications of this disease are well recognized. Accumulating epidemiologic evidence confirms that physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance and type II diabetes. This paper briefly reviews the pathophysiological pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes mellitus and then discusses the impact of exercise on these systems. In this regard, we discuss exercise induced activation of cellular antioxidant systems through "nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor." We also discuss anti-inflammatory myokines, which are produced and released by contracting muscle fibers. Antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and chaperon effects of exercise-induced heat shock proteins are also reviewed.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Saeid
authors: S
authors: Golbidi
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Badran
authors: Ismail
authors: I
authors: Laher
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins