title: The complete genome sequence of Thermoproteus tenax: a physiologically versatile member of the Crenarchaeota.
abstract: Here, we report on the complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeum Thermoproteus tenax (strain Kra1, DSM 2078(T)) a type strain of the crenarchaeotal order Thermoproteales. Its circular 1.84-megabase genome harbors no extrachromosomal elements and 2,051 open reading frames are identified, covering 90.6% of the complete sequence, which represents a high coding density. Derived from the gene content, T. tenax is a representative member of the Crenarchaeota. The organism is strictly anaerobic and sulfur-dependent with optimal growth at 86°C and pH 5.6. One particular feature is the great metabolic versatility, which is not accompanied by a distinct increase of genome size or information density as compared to other Crenarchaeota. T. tenax is able to grow chemolithoautotrophically (CO₂/H₂) as well as chemoorganoheterotrophically in presence of various organic substrates. All pathways for synthesizing the 20 proteinogenic amino acids are present. In addition, two presumably complete gene sets for NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) were identified in the genome and there is evidence that either NADH or reduced ferredoxin might serve as electron donor. Beside the typical archaeal A₀A₁-ATP synthase, a membrane-bound pyrophosphatase is found, which might contribute to energy conservation. Surprisingly, all genes required for dissimilatory sulfate reduction are present, which is confirmed by growth experiments. Mentionable is furthermore, the presence of two proteins (ParA family ATPase, actin-like protein) that might be involved in cell division in Thermoproteales, where the ESCRT system is absent, and of genes involved in genetic competence (DprA, ComF) that is so far unique within Archaea.
authors: Faculty of Chemistry, Biofilm Centre, Molecular Enzyme Technology and Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. bettina.siebers@uni-due.de
authors: Bettina
authors: B
authors: Siebers
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Zaparty
authors: Guenter
authors: G
authors: Raddatz
authors: Britta
authors: B
authors: Tjaden
authors: Sonja-Verena
authors: SV
authors: Albers
authors: Steve D
authors: SD
authors: Bell
authors: Fabian
authors: F
authors: Blombach
authors: Arnulf
authors: A
authors: Kletzin
authors: Nikos
authors: N
authors: Kyrpides
authors: Christa
authors: C
authors: Lanz
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Plagens
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Rampp
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Rosinus
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: von Jan
authors: Kira S
authors: KS
authors: Makarova
authors: Hans-Peter
authors: HP
authors: Klenk
authors: Stephan C
authors: SC
authors: Schuster
authors: Reinhard
authors: R
authors: Hensel
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052837:Chemoautotrophic Growth / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020745:Genome, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D018892:Proton-Motive Force / Q000235:genetics; D041542:Thermoproteus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids