title: New dammarane-type glucosides as potential activators of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum.
abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor and regulator of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism throughout the body. Activation of AMPK improves metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic diseases including obesity and type-2 diabetes. The oriental traditional medicinal herbal plant, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, has shown a wide range of beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that G. pentaphyllum contains two novel dammarane-type saponins designated as damulin A (1), 2α,3β,12β-trihydroxydammar-20(22)-E,24-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside], and damulin B (2), 2α,3β,12β-trihydroxydammar-20,24-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside], that strongly activate AMPK in cultured L6 myotube cells. Damulins A and B also increased β-oxidation and glucose uptake with increasing GluT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in L6 myotube cells. Taken together our results indicate that activation of AMPK by damulins A and B may contribute to beneficial effect of G. pentaphyllum on glucose and lipid metabolism.
authors: BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
authors: Phi Hung
authors: PH
authors: Nguyen
authors: Rehman
authors: R
authors: Gauhar
authors: Seung Lark
authors: SL
authors: Hwang
authors: Trong Tuan
authors: TT
authors: Dao
authors: Dong Chan
authors: DC
authors: Park
authors: Ji Eun
authors: JE
authors: Kim
authors: Hebok
authors: H
authors: Song
authors: Tae Lin
authors: TL
authors: Huh
authors: Won Keun
authors: WK
authors: Oh
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D029774:Gynostemma / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097669:Dammaranes
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005947:Glucose; D006027:Glycosides; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; D000097669:Dammaranes