title: Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of leucomalachite green administered orally to rats.
abstract: Malachite green (MG) had been extensively used worldwide in the past few decades as an effective fungicide, bactericide, ectoparasiticide, and antiprotozoan on fish. It is rapidly and extensively metabolized to leucomalachite green (LMG) in fishes. To study the developmental toxicity of LMG, we evaluated the maternal and embryo/fetal effects of LMG orally administered to Sprague-Dawley rats once daily from day 6-15 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 10, 80, and 160 mg/kg/day. In the current investigation, the unmetabolized compound (LMG) was detected in the plasma of the dams treated with LMG and in the amniotic fluid. At dose levels of 80 and 160 mg/kg/day, LMG induced maternal toxicity, which consisted of severe reduction in maternal weight and food consumption during the treatment period. Doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg/day induced fetal skeletal abnormalities. The major skeletal defects were bipartite ossification of the thoracic centrum. LMG at 160 mg/kg/day also induced marked embryolethality and visceral abnormalities. Based on the results of this study, a dose level of 10mg/kg/day is considered the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for maternal and fetal developmental toxicity in rats.
authors: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
authors: Hongping
authors: H
authors: Wan
authors: Shaoping
authors: S
authors: Weng
authors: Lizhen
authors: L
authors: Liang
authors: Qihua
authors: Q
authors: Lu
authors: Jianguo
authors: J
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000473:pathology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C005095:malachite green; C015320:leucomalachite green