title: Application of an active attachment model as a high-throughput demineralization biofilm model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential of an active attachment biofilm model as a high-throughput demineralization biofilm model for the evaluation of caries-preventive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were grown on bovine dentine discs in a high-throughput active attachment model. Biofilms were first formed in a medium with high buffer capacity for 24h and then subjected to various photodynamic therapies (PACT) using the combination of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs, Biotable(®)) and Photogem(®). Viability of the biofilms was evaluated by plate counts. To investigate treatment effects on dentine lesion formation, the treated biofilms were grown in a medium with low buffer capacity for an additional 24h. Integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) were assessed by transversal microradiography. Calcium release in the biofilm medium was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the water treated control group, significant reduction in viability of S. mutans biofilms was observed when the combination of LEDs and Photogem(®) was applied. LEDs or Photogem(®) only did not result in biofilm viability changes. Similar outcomes were also found for dentine lesion formation. Significant lower IML and LD values were only found in the group subjected to the combined treatment of LEDs and Photogem(®). There was a good correlation between the calcium release data and the IML or LD values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-throughput active attachment biofilm model is applicable for evaluating novel caries-preventive agents on both biofilm and demineralization inhibition. PACT had a killing effect on 24h S. mutans biofilms and could inhibit the demineralization process.
authors: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. thiagocruvinel@yahoo.com.br
authors: Thiago C
authors: TC
authors: Silva
authors: Agnes Fatima F
authors: AF
authors: Pereira
authors: Rob A M
authors: RA
authors: Exterkate
authors: Vanderlei S
authors: VS
authors: Bagnato
authors: Marília A R
authors: MA
authors: Buzalaf
authors: Maria Aparecida de A M
authors: MA
authors: Machado
authors: Jacob M
authors: JM
authors: Ten Cate
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: Crielaard
authors: Dong Mei
authors: DM
authors: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D008027:Light; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D002118:Calcium