title: Recruiting South Asians to a lifestyle intervention trial: experiences and lessons from PODOSA (Prevention of Diabetes & Obesity in South Asians).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the growing emphasis on the inclusion of ethnic minority patients in research, there is little published on the recruitment of these populations especially to randomised, community based, lifestyle intervention trials in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  We share our experience of recruitment to screening in the PODOSA (Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians) trial, which screened 1319 recruits (target 1800) for trial eligibility. A multi-pronged recruitment approach was used. Enrolment via the National Health Service included direct referrals from health care professionals and written invitations via general practices. Recruitment within the community was carried out by both the research team and through our partnerships with local South Asian groups and organisations. Participants were encouraged to refer friends and family throughout the recruitment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Health care professionals referred only 55 potential participants. The response to written invitations via general practitioners was 5.2%, lower than reported in other general populations. Community orientated, personal approaches for recruitment were comparatively effective yielding 1728 referrals (82%) to the screening stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PODOSA experience shows that a community orientated, personal approach for recruiting South Asian ethnic minority populations can be successful in a trial setting. We recommend that consideration is given to cover recruitment costs associated with community engagement and other personalised approaches. Researchers should consider prioritising approaches that minimise interference with professionals' work and, particularly in the current economic climate, keep costs to a minimum. The lessons learned in PODOSA should contribute to future community based trials in South Asians.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN25729565.
authors: Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. anne.douglas@ed.ac.uk
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Douglas
authors: Raj S
authors: RS
authors: Bhopal
authors: Ruby
authors: R
authors: Bhopal
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Forbes
authors: Jason M R
authors: JM
authors: Gill
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Lawton
authors: John
authors: J
authors: McKnight
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Murray
authors: Naveed
authors: N
authors: Sattar
authors: Anu
authors: A
authors: Sharma
authors: Jaakko
authors: J
authors: Tuomilehto
authors: Sunita
authors: S
authors: Wallia
authors: Sarah H
authors: SH
authors: Wild
authors: Aziz
authors: A
authors: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012107:Research Design