title: Immunomodulatory and antitumor activities of grape seed proanthocyanidins.
abstract: Proanthocyanidins are naturally occurring compounds that are widely available in many kinds of plants; particularly, the grape seeds are a rich source of proanthocyanidins. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been demonstrated to possess a wide range of health beneficial properties. This study was carried out to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the antitumor therapeutic and immunomodulating effects of GSPs through in vivo and in vitro models. The results showed that GSPs could significantly inhibit the growth of Sarcoma 180 tumor cells in vivo and remarkably increase thymus and spleen weight of Sarcoma 180-bearing mice and upgrade the secretion level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. Moreover, GSPs could stimulate lymphocyte transformation, enhance lysosomal enzyme activity and phagocytic capability of peritoneal macrophages, and remarkably promote the production of TNF-α. These results suggested that GSPs could improve functional activation of the immune system, and the antitumor effects of GSPs were achieved by immunostimulating properties.
authors: Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China. tonghaibin@gmail.com
authors: Haibin
authors: H
authors: Tong
authors: Xiangfu
authors: X
authors: Song
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Guangren
authors: G
authors: Sun
authors: Fengfuo
authors: F
authors: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha