title: Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment of the udder protects against experimental Escherichia coli mastitis.
abstract: Exposure to pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as LPS can cause an immune refractory state in mammals known as endotoxin tolerance (ET), resulting in a decreased inflammatory response after pathogen contact. This ET concept was used to reduce the severity of an experimentally-induced clinical mastitis. Cows were pretreated with 1 µg LPS per udder quarter and challenged 72 h (group L72EC) or 240 h (group L240EC) later with 500 CFU Escherichia coli. Pretreated animals showed no leukopenia after challenge, no (L72EC), or only slightly (L240EC), elevated body temperature and significantly reduced systemic and local clinical scores compared with cows that were not pretreated. Whereas an increase of milk somatic cell count after the E. coli challenge was abrogated in L72EC animals, it was significantly delayed in the L240EC group. In both pretreated groups the bacterial load in milk was markedly reduced. Based on the expression of inflammation-related genes in lobulo-alveolar mammary tissue, the tolerizing effect of LPS pretreatment is based on the inhibited up-regulation of inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL20) and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10, IRAK-M). These findings indicate that the concept of ET may be usefully applied as mastitis prophylaxis facilitating a rapid response to microbial infection and avoiding dysregulated inflammation.
authors: Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulance and Heard Management, Centre of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Petzl
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Günther
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Pfister
authors: Carola
authors: C
authors: Sauter-Louis
authors: Leopold
authors: L
authors: Goetze
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: von Aulock
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Hafner-Marx
authors: Hans-Joachim
authors: HJ
authors: Schuberth
authors: Hans-Martin
authors: HM
authors: Seyfert
authors: Holm
authors: H
authors: Zerbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases