title: Tracking the evolution of HIV/AIDS in China from 1989-2009 to inform future prevention and control efforts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine policy implications, this analysis tracks the evolution of HIV/AIDS infection across China to understand current trends and potential risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective study with spatial analytical model and multilevel spatial models was conducted among 326,157 HIV/AIDS cases reported from 1989-2009. The results indicate that the distribution of HIV/AIDS was clustered at the county level with different directional distributions across China from 2003 to 2009. Compared to 2003, by 2009 there was a 122% increase in HIV cases among rural residents, 294% increase among urban residents, 211% increase among migrants, and 237% increase among permanent residents. The overall proportion of HIV by different routes of transmission showed dramatic changes with a 504% increase in sexual transmission of HIV, 90% decrease in blood/plasma transmission, and 35% decrease in injecting drug user transmission. Sexual transmission was the major transmission route among women (44%) and the elderly (59% in men, 44% in women) as well as among permanent (36%) and urban residents (33%). Among those <65 years old, women increased more than men, but among those ≥ 65 years, men increased more than women. Migrants contributed to the variance of HIV infection between counties but not within counties. The length of highway and urbanization combined with illiteracy were risk factors for HIV/AIDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of HIV/AIDS among permanent urban residents, particularly women and elderly men, have increased significantly in recent years. To prevent HIV from spreading further among the general population, additional attention should be paid to these populations as well as to migrants.
authors: National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhongwei
authors: Z
authors: Jia
authors: Lu
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Ray Y
authors: RY
authors: Chen
authors: Dongmin
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Qianqian
authors: Q
authors: Qin
authors: Zhengwei
authors: Z
authors: Ding
authors: Guowei
authors: G
authors: Ding
authors: Chunpeng
authors: C
authors: Zang
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057766:Policy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D012945:Social Values; D055815:Young Adult