title: Increased risk of temporomandibular joint closed lock: a case-control study of ANKH polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to carry out a histological examination of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in ank mutant mice and to identify polymorphisms of the human ANKH gene in order to establish the relationship between the type of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and ANKH polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens from the TMJ of ank mutant and wild-type mice were inspected with a haematoxylin and eosin staining method. A sample of 55 TMD patients were selected. Each was examined with standard clinical procedures and genotyping techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major histological finding in ank mutant mice was joint space narrowing. Within TMD patients, closed lock was more prevalent among ANKH-OR homozygotes (p = 0.011, OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.6-36.5) and the elder (p = 0.005, OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibrous ankylosis was identified in the TMJ of ank mutant mice. In the human sample, ANKH-OR polymorphism was found to be a genetic marker associated with TMJ closed lock. Future investigations correlating genetic polymorphism to TMD are indicated.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Boyen
authors: B
authors: Huang
authors: Katsu
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Sakata
authors: Honoka
authors: H
authors: Kiso
authors: Manabu
authors: M
authors: Sugai
authors: Kazuma
authors: K
authors: Fujimura
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Shimizu
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Kosugi
authors: Tosiya
authors: T
authors: Sato
authors: Kazuhisa
authors: K
authors: Bessho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D014313:Trismus / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C498770:ANKH protein, human; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger