title: Genome sequencing and comparison of two nonhuman primate animal models, the cynomolgus and Chinese rhesus macaques.
abstract: The nonhuman primates most commonly used in medical research are from the genus Macaca. To better understand the genetic differences between these animal models, we present high-quality draft genome sequences from two macaque species, the cynomolgus/crab-eating macaque and the Chinese rhesus macaque. Comparison with the previously sequenced Indian rhesus macaque reveals that all three macaques maintain abundant genetic heterogeneity, including millions of single-nucleotide substitutions and many insertions, deletions and gross chromosomal rearrangements. By assessing genetic regions with reduced variability, we identify genes in each macaque species that may have experienced positive selection. Genetic divergence patterns suggest that the cynomolgus macaque genome has been shaped by introgression after hybridization with the Chinese rhesus macaque. Macaque genes display a high degree of sequence similarity with human disease gene orthologs and drug targets. However, we identify several putatively dysfunctional genetic differences between the three macaque species, which may explain functional differences between them previously observed in clinical studies.
authors: The South China Center for Innovative Pharmaceuticals, Guangzhou, China. ygm@mail.sysu.edu.cn
authors: Guangmei
authors: G
authors: Yan
authors: Guojie
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Fang
authors: Yanfeng
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Cai
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Ling
authors: David N
authors: DN
authors: Cooper
authors: Qiye
authors: Q
authors: Li
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Alain J
authors: AJ
authors: van Gool
authors: Hongli
authors: H
authors: Du
authors: Jiesi
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Ronghua
authors: R
authors: Chen
authors: Pei
authors: P
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhiyong
authors: Z
authors: Huang
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Thompson
authors: Yuhuan
authors: Y
authors: Meng
authors: Yinqi
authors: Y
authors: Bai
authors: Jufang
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Zhuo
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Wang
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Liqiong
authors: L
authors: Wei
authors: Jianwen
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Zhiwen
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Haofu
authors: H
authors: Hu
authors: Pengcheng
authors: P
authors: Yang
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Le
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Stenson
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Xiaoming
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Edward V
authors: EV
authors: Ball
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: An
authors: Quanfei
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Fan
authors: Xiuqing
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Yingrui
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Wen
authors: W
authors: Wang
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Katze
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Su
authors: Rasmus
authors: R
authors: Nielsen
authors: Huanming
authors: H
authors: Yang
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Xiaoning
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000235:genetics*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000235:genetics*; D023421:Models, Animal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity