title: In vitro assessment of photocatalytic titanium oxide surface modified stainless steel orthodontic brackets for antiadherent and antibacterial properties against Lactobacillus acidophilus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the antiadherent and antibacterial properties of surface modified stainless steel orthodontic brackets with photocatalytic titanium oxide (TiO(2)) against Lactobacillus acidophilus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was done on 120 specimens of stainless steel preadjusted edgewise appliance (PEA) orthodontic brackets. The specimens were divided into four test groups. Each group consisted of 30 specimens. Groups containing uncoated brackets acted as a control group for their respective experimental group containing coated brackets. Surface modification of brackets was carried out by the radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method with photocatalytic TiO(2). Brackets then were subjected to microbiological tests for assessment of the antiadherent and antibacterial properties of photocatalytic TiO(2) coating against L acidophilus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Orthodontic brackets coated with photocatalytic TiO(2) showed an antiadherent effect against L acidophilus compared with uncoated brackets. The bacterial mass that was bound to the TiO(2)-coated brackets was less when compared with the uncoated brackets. Furthermore, TiO(2)-coated brackets had a bactericidal effect on L acidophilus, which causes dental caries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface modification of orthodontic brackets with photocatalytic TiO(2) can be used to prevent the accumulation of dental plaque and the development of dental caries during orthodontic treatment.
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India. dralokshah@gmail.com
authors: Alok Girish
authors: AG
authors: Shah
authors: Pradeep Chandra
authors: PC
authors: Shetty
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Ramachandra
authors: N Sham
authors: NS
authors: Bhat
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Laxmikanth
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003722:Dental Alloys; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000187:drug effects*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000382:microbiology*; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003722:Dental Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium