title: Longitudinal relations among maternal behaviors, effortful control and young children's committed compliance.
abstract: In a sample (n = 235) of 30-, 42-, and 54-month-olds, the relations among parenting, effortful control (EC), impulsivity, and children's committed compliance were examined. Parenting was assessed with mothers' observed sensitivity and warmth; EC was measured by mothers' and caregivers' reports, as well as a behavioral task; impulsivity was assessed by mothers' and caregivers' reports; and committed compliance was observed during a cleanup and prohibition task, as well as measured by adults' reports. Using path modeling, there was evidence that 30-month parenting predicted high EC and low impulsivity a year later when the stability of the outcomes was controlled, and there was evidence that 30- and 42-month EC, but not impulsivity, predicted higher committed compliance a year later, controlling for earlier levels of the outcomes. Moreover, 42-month EC predicted low impulsivity a year later. Fixed effects models, which are not biased by omitted time-invariant variables, also were conducted and showed that 30-month parenting still predicted EC a year later, and 42-month EC predicted later low impulsivity. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of differentiating between effortful control and impulsivity and the potential mediating role of EC in the relations between parenting and children's committed compliance.
authors: School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA. tspinrad@asu.edu
authors: Tracy L
authors: TL
authors: Spinrad
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Eisenberg
authors: Kassondra M
authors: KM
authors: Silva
authors: Natalie D
authors: ND
authors: Eggum
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Reiser
authors: Alison
authors: A
authors: Edwards
authors: Roopa
authors: R
authors: Iyer
authors: Anne S
authors: AS
authors: Kupfer
authors: Claire
authors: C
authors: Hofer
authors: Cynthia L
authors: CL
authors: Smith
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Hayashi
authors: Bridget M
authors: BM
authors: Gaertner
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012923:Social Class; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires