title: Vitamin D levels and markers of arterial dysfunction in HIV.
abstract: HIV-infected patients have low vitamin D levels as well as an increase in cardiovascular (CVD) risk. We examined the relationship between vitamin D and three markers of arterial dysfunction among HIV-infected individuals on stable antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay (DiaSorin) in 100 enrollees into the Hawaii Aging with HIV-Cardiovascular Cohort Study, a cohort of HIV-infected subjects age ≥ 40 years on stable (≥ 6 months) ARV therapy. The relationships between 25(OH)D levels and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), right common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), and coronary artery calcium (CAC) were examined. Analytical methods included Pearson's correlations, Kruskal-Wallis tests, relative risks, and linear regression models. The cohort was 86% male and 60% white with a median age of 52 years and CD4 of 510 cells/mm(3). The median (Q1, Q3) level of 25(OH)D was 27.9 ng/ml (21.8, 38.3). There were 72 FMD, 50 cIMT, and 90 CAC measurements available for analyses. A significant correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels and FMD (r=0.30, p=0.01) but not with cIMT (r=-0.05, p=0.76). In a linear regression model, Framingham risk score attenuated the relationship between FMD and 25(OH)D. Those with lower 25(OH)D levels were at slightly higher risk of having CAC (RR=1.02, p=0.04). Among those with CAC, lower 25(OH)D levels were not associated with higher CAC scores (p=0.36). Lower vitamin D levels are associated with evidence of subclinical arterial dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals. The significance of these findings warrants further investigation.
authors: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816, USA. shikuma@hawaii.edu
authors: Cecilia M
authors: CM
authors: Shikuma
authors: Todd
authors: T
authors: Seto
authors: Chin-Yuan
authors: CY
authors: Liang
authors: Kara
authors: K
authors: Bennett
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: DeGruttola
authors: Mariana
authors: M
authors: Gerschenson
authors: James H
authors: JH
authors: Stein
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Budoff
authors: Howard N
authors: HN
authors: Hodis
authors: Joseph A C
authors: JA
authors: Delaney
authors: Debra
authors: D
authors: Ogata-Arakaki
authors: Pornpoj
authors: P
authors: Pramyothin
authors: Dominic
authors: D
authors: Chow
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D