title: Recurrence of congenital heart disease in cases with familial risk screened prenatally by echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the recurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in pregnant women with familial risk who had been referred for fetal echocardiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  1634 pregnancies from 1483 women with familial history of CHD in one or more relatives were studied. Fetal cardiologic diagnosis was compared with postnatal findings at 6 months or at autopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total recurrence rate of CHD was 3.98%, 4.06% in single familial risk, 2.9% in double, and 5% in multiple risk. It was 3.5% in case of one previously affected child; 4.5% with 2 children; 5.2% with the mother alone affected and 7,5% with father alone affected and 3.5% with a single distant relative. Exact concordance of CHD was found in 21.5% and a partial concordance in 20% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show a higher recurrence rate of CHD than previously published data and high relative risk ratios compared to normal population.
authors: Department of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Center of Fetal Cardiology, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, Via Morandi 30, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy. cardiologiafetale.psd@grupposandonato.it
authors: Vlasta
authors: V
authors: Fesslova
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Brankovic
authors: Faustina
authors: F
authors: Lalatta
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Villa
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Meli
authors: Luciane
authors: L
authors: Piazza
authors: Cristian
authors: C
authors: Ricci
mesh_terms: D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal