title: The effect of different ethoxylations for sorbitan monolaurate on enhancing simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw to ethanol.
abstract: In this paper, four nonionic surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) based on sorbitan monolaurate were synthesized by introducing ethylene oxide gas (n = 20, 40, 60, and 80 ethylene oxide units). The chemical structure of the prepared ethoxylated surfactants was confirmed using Fourier transform-infrared and (1)H NMR spectroscopes. The surface tension and thermodynamic properties of the prepared surfactants have been studied. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for ethanol production from microwave/alkali pretreated wheat straw has been assayed using nonionic surfactants have different ethylene oxide units. Ethanol yield was 82% and 61% for Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively, with the addition of 2.5 g/l of the prepared nonionic surfactant (HLB = 18.2). Results show that the production of ethanol from microwave/alkali pretreated wheat straw increased with increasing the (HLB) value of the nonionic surfactant.
authors: Egyptian Petroleum Resarch Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Badawi
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Fahmy
authors: Karima A
authors: KA
authors: Mohamed
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Noor El-Din
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Riad
mesh_terms: D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006601:Hexoses; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C036909:lignocellulose; D000431:Ethanol; C014822:sorbitan monolaurate; D008031:Lignin; D005027:Ethylene Oxide