title: Xenorhodopsins, an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins horizontally transferred between archaea and bacteria.
abstract: Based on unique, coherent properties of phylogenetic analysis, key amino acid substitutions and structural modeling, we have identified a new class of unusual microbial rhodopsins related to the Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) protein, including multiple homologs not previously recognized. We propose the name xenorhodopsin for this class, reflecting a taxonomically diverse membership spanning five different Bacterial phyla as well as the Euryarchaeotal class Nanohaloarchaea. The patchy phylogenetic distribution of xenorhodopsin homologs is consistent with historical dissemination through horizontal gene transfer. Shared characteristics of xenorhodopsin-containing microbes include the absence of flagellar motility and isolation from high light habitats.
authors: Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA.
authors: Juan A
authors: JA
authors: Ugalde
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Podell
authors: Priya
authors: P
authors: Narasingarao
authors: Eric E
authors: EE
authors: Allen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001105:Archaea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D019766:Genes, Archaeal; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D025604:Rhodopsins, Microbial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D025604:Rhodopsins, Microbial