title: A role for c-Myc in regulating anti-mycobacterial responses.
abstract: c-Myc (Myc) is a well known transcription factor that regulates many essential cellular processes; however, its role in modulating immunity is not known. Here, we showed different species of mycobacteria can induce Myc expression via ERK1/2 and JNK activation. Unexpectedly, the induced Myc is localized in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus. This induced Myc expression is associated with the induction of TNF-α and IL-6 and with the suppression of intracellular mycobacterial growth. To delineate the underlying mechanisms, we demonstrated that Myc enhances IRAK1 degradation, leading to specific activations of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK but not Akt, and reduces IκBα protein recovery upon degradation. Hence, our findings may provide insights into a potential role for Myc in regulating the antimicrobial responses.
authors: Cytokine Biology Group, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,  The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR,  China.
authors: Howard C H
authors: HC
authors: Yim
authors: James C B
authors: JC
authors: Li
authors: John C H
authors: JC
authors: Pong
authors: Allan S Y
authors: AS
authors: Lau
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000276:immunology*; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000276:immunology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013045:Species Specificity; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017931:DNA Primers; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C507768:IRAK1 protein, human; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; C022616:thiazolyl blue