title: A longitudinal examination of stress generation in depressive and anxiety disorders.
abstract: The current study compared two competing theories of the stress generation model of depression (stress causation vs. stress continuation) using interview-based measures of episodic life stress, as well as interpersonal and noninterpersonal chronic life stress. We also expanded on past research by examining anxiety disorders as well as depressive disorders. In addition, we examined the role of neuroticism and extraversion in these relationships. Participants were 627 adolescents enrolled in a two-site, longitudinal study of risk factors for depressive and anxiety disorders. Baseline and follow-up assessments were approximately one year apart. Results supported the stress causation theory for episodic stress generation for anxiety disorders, with neuroticism partially accounting for this relationship. The stress causation theory was also supported for depression, but only for more moderate to severe stressors; neuroticism partially accounted for this relationship as well. Finally, we found evidence for interpersonal and noninterpersonal chronic life stress continuation in both depressive and anxiety disorders. The present findings have implications regarding the specificity of the stress generation model to depressive disorders, as well as variables involved in the stress generation process.
authors: Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, USA.
authors: Amanda A
authors: AA
authors: Uliaszek
authors: Richard E
authors: RE
authors: Zinbarg
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Mineka
authors: Michelle G
authors: MG
authors: Craske
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Griffith
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Sutton
authors: Alyssa
authors: A
authors: Epstein
authors: Constance
authors: C
authors: Hammen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002641:Chicago; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*