title: Somatic treatments for mood disorders.
abstract: Somatic treatments for mood disorders represent a class of interventions available either as a stand-alone option, or in combination with psychopharmacology and/or psychotherapy. Here, we review the currently available techniques, including those already in clinical use and those still under research. Techniques are grouped into the following categories: (1) seizure therapies, including electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy, (2) noninvasive techniques, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and cranial electric stimulation, (3) surgical approaches, including vagus nerve stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation, and deep brain stimulation, and (4) technologies on the horizon. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches to the optimization of each treatment, and new techniques that are under active investigation.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors: Moacyr A
authors: MA
authors: Rosa
authors: Sarah H
authors: SH
authors: Lisanby
mesh_terms: D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends