title: Purple urine bag syndrome: an alarming hue? A brief review of the literature.
abstract: Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a unique disease entity characterized by an alarming purple discoloration of the urine secondary to recurrent urinary tract infections with indigo- and indirubin-producing bacteria. It is usually associated with prolonged urinary catheterization and chronic debilitated states. We hereby present a concise review of this rare phenomenon with historic perspectives, epidemiology, emphasizing on current concepts of etiology, pathogenesis, relevant clinical associations, treatment modalities, prognosis, and future directions in PUBS. In addition, we highlight an interesting occurrence of this intriguing phenomenon in a 39-year-old gentleman at our institution.
authors: Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA.
authors: Fahad
authors: F
authors: Khan
authors: Muhammad A
authors: MA
authors: Chaudhry
authors: Noorulain
authors: N
authors: Qureshi
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Cowley