title: In vivo hypermutation of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rhesus macaque by APOBEC3 proteins.
abstract: The gammaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), replicates to high titers in some human cell lines and is able to infect non-human primates. To determine whether APOBEC3 (A3) proteins restrict XMRV infections in a non-human primate model, we sequenced proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of XMRV-infected rhesus macaques. Hypermutation characteristic of A3DE, A3F and A3G activities was observed in the XMRV proviral sequences in vivo. Furthermore, expression of rhesus A3DE, A3F, or A3G in human cells inhibited XMRV infection and caused hypermutation of XMRV DNA. These studies show that some rhesus A3 isoforms are highly effective against XMRV in the blood of a non-human primate model of infection and in cultured human cells.
authors: Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors: Ao
authors: A
authors: Zhang
authors: Hal
authors: H
authors: Bogerd
authors: Francois
authors: F
authors: Villinger
authors: Jaydip
authors: J
authors: Das Gupta
authors: Beihua
authors: B
authors: Dong
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Klein
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Hackett
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Schochetman
authors: Bryan R
authors: BR
authors: Cullen
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication; D058008:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase