title: Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and its role in disease.
abstract: The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is now recognized as a critical regulator of many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and osteoporosis. S1P is produced in cells by two sphingosine kinase isoenzymes, SphK1 and SphK2. Many cells secrete S1P, which can then act in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Most of the known actions of S1P are mediated by a family of five specific G protein-coupled receptors. More recently, it was shown that S1P also has important intracellular targets involved in inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that S1P actions are much more complex than previously thought, with important ramifications for development of therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of S1P and its roles in disease.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Maceyka
authors: Kuzhuvelil B
authors: KB
authors: Harikumar
authors: Sheldon
authors: S
authors: Milstien
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D013110:Sphingosine; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate