title: Absence of Helicobacter pylori in pediatric adenoid hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (1) develop a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether Helicobacter pylori and/or other members of the Helicobacteraceae family are detected in hyperplastic adenoids of children and (2) critically analyze published polymerase chain reaction methods to ascertain whether false-positive detection of H pylori has been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adenoid biopsy specimens (78 hyperplastic and 15 normal) were collected from children aged 2 to 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was extracted before reverse transcription of bacterial RNA using Helicobacteraceae-specific primer. A nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol was designed to detect all species of the Helicobacteraceae family. A piece of each biopsy specimen was examined histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laryngopharyngeal reflux was suspected in 41% of the children (n = 23) on the basis of the Reflux Symptom Index. No evidence of H pylori was found in any adenoid sample. Candidatus Wolinella africanus was the only Helicobacteraceae family member detected in 1 hyperplastic adenoid. Histologic examination identified very few bacterial organisms. Previous polymerase chain reaction findings may be the result of false-positive H pylori detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids is not likely due to ongoing bacterial infection arising from laryngopharyngeal reflux. We conclude that H pylori and other Helicobacteraceae family members are not major contributors to the development of hyperplastic adenoids in children.
authors: Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
authors: Damian J
authors: DJ
authors: Hussey
authors: Charmaine M
authors: CM
authors: Woods
authors: Penelope K
authors: PK
authors: Harris
authors: Anthony C
authors: AC
authors: Thomas
authors: Eng H
authors: EH
authors: Ooi
authors: A Simon
authors: AS
authors: Carney
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors