title: Current smoking differentially affects blood mononuclear cells from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: relevance to its adverse role in the disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic data suggest that smoking increases the risk and the severity of Crohn's disease (CD), although it may protect patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate this paradox, we evaluated the effect of cigarette smoke in the function of blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects and patients with CD or UC in flare up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The production of mediators associated with inflammation but also with protective functions was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), following either in vivo or in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that mononuclear cells from smokers with CD were functionally impaired. These cells secreted lower levels of chemokines and cytokines as compared with nonsmoker counterparts, whereas healthy smokers or smokers with UC were not affected. Similar findings were noted after in vitro exposure to cigarette smoke extract. In addition, cells from patients with CD who smoke presented a defective sensitivity to antiinflammatory or antioxidant protection, and particularly synthesized lower levels of cytoprotective Hsp70. The effects observed were not due to diminished cell viability. Our experiments suggest that cigarette smoke-related responses were largely dependent on oxidative stress generated, and not on the nicotine component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, our data point out the presence of biological differences between blood mononuclear cells from patients with CD and UC toward cigarette smoke that might support its opposite role in both diseases.
authors: INSERM ERL U1057, UMR 7203, Paris, France.
authors: Vivianne
authors: V
authors: Bergeron
authors: Virginie
authors: V
authors: Grondin
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Rajca
authors: Marie-Anne
authors: MA
authors: Maubert
authors: Benedicte
authors: B
authors: Pigneur
authors: Ginette
authors: G
authors: Thomas
authors: Germain
authors: G
authors: Trugnan
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Beaugerie
authors: Jacques
authors: J
authors: Cosnes
authors: Joelle
authors: J
authors: Masliah
authors: Harry
authors: H
authors: Sokol
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Seksik
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Bachelet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins