title: Surgical management of transitional cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac: Is it time for a new treatment algorithm?
abstract: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) arising in the lacrimal sac is a rare neoplasm. Despite radical surgery and radiotherapy, these tumors generally have a poor prognosis due to an often late diagnosis, high rate of loco-regional recurrence and mortality. There are only a relatively small number of documented cases of TCC when compared to other epithelial malignancies of the lacrimal drainage system. As would be anticipated, there are currently no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of these lesions. We present an illustrative case and consider the literature in relation to current surgical management of these tumors. We propose an alternate management consideration for these tumors.
authors: Department of General Surgery, The Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, New Cross, Wolverhampton UK. drshafiqislam@hotmail.co.uk
authors: Shofiq
authors: S
authors: Islam
authors: Alexandria
authors: A
authors: Thomas
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Eisenberg
authors: Gary R
authors: GR
authors: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps; D006801:Humans; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000379:methods; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed