title: Otolaryngological complications in patients infected with the influenza A (H1N1) virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe bacterial upper respiratory infections in patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus during the 2009 pandemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series with chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  May 17 to July 17, 2009, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with clinical and/or laboratory diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) who presented to the emergency department or other medical specialists with bacterial upper respiratory infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 2 months of influenza diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10,048 cases of influenza A (H1N1) were identified by the emergency department. All patients received oseltamivir. Fifty-four patients (0.55%) who presented with bacterial upper respiratory infection within 2 months after the diagnosis of influenza were selected. The median time to presentation with bacterial respiratory infection was 12 days. Median age was 12 years, and 51.8% were male. The most common bacterial upper respiratory infections were acute rhinosinusitis (46.4%; median age, 17 years), acute otitis media (33.9%; median age, 5 years), and pharyngotonsillitis (14.3%; median age, 17 years). Four patients were hospitalized: 3 with streptococcal tonsillitis with prolonged fever and 1 with acute otitis media who later developed pansinusitis and otomastoiditis. There were no deaths in this group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were few bacterial upper respiratory infections associated with influenza A (H1N1) (0.55%). The most common infections were acute otitis media in young children and acute rhinosinusitis and pharyngotonsillitis in young adults. These complications were more often seen during the 2 months following the influenza infection than at the time of diagnosis with influenza. Outcome was favorable for all patients.
authors: Clinica Las Condes, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. cataguti@gmail.com
authors: Catalina
authors: C
authors: Gutierrez
authors: Gonzalo Andres
authors: GA
authors: Nazar
authors: Juan Pablo
authors: JP
authors: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D058873:Pandemics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D053139:Oseltamivir