title: Differences in fibrin fiber diameters in healthy individuals and thromboembolic ischemic stroke patients.
abstract: Cerebrovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and the cause of long-term adult disability. An important characteristic of thromboembolic ischemic stroke is a prothrombotic or hypercoagulable state and altered fibrin clot structure, whereas a resistance to fibrinolysis is also present. An expansive fibrin network is created when adding thrombin, and in stroke, the network appears thickened, netted and matted, compared with that of healthy individuals. Although this is clearly visible in micrographs of patients, there is a need to quantify the changes. The current study, therefore, investigates fibrin fiber diameters in stroke patients and compares it to healthy individuals. The fiber diameters were measured in nanometres, with University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) Image Tool. A total of 100 measurements were done for each of the 12 patients in the healthy control group, and the same number of measurements was done for 12 stroke patients. These measurements were statistically analysed with NCSS 2007, using a significance level of 0.05. Normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk W test and the thickest and thinnest fiber of each individual in the two groups was quantified and differences between groups were assessed with the Student's t-test. Results showed that there is a statistical difference in fibrin fiber thickness during thromboembolic ischemic stroke. We conclude that the changed coagulation and hemostasis, typically associated with stroke, causes a statistically relevant change in fibrin thickness, and that this netted and matted network is more resistant to lyses.
authors: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa. resia.pretorius@up.ac.za
authors: Etheresia
authors: E
authors: Pretorius
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Steyn
authors: Mia
authors: M
authors: Engelbrecht
authors: Albe C
authors: AC
authors: Swanepoel
authors: Hester M
authors: HM
authors: Oberholzer
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013019:South Africa; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D005337:Fibrin