title: Molecular characterization of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Brazil.
abstract: Despite the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among gonococci worldwide, limited reports are available from Brazilian locations. In the present study, 25 quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (QRNG) strains isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods, including analysis of mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. They represented 16.5% of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates obtained during a survey performed from 2006 to 2010. A trend for increasing resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in the period investigated. The most prevalent pattern of mutation observed among QRNG isolates, Ser-91 to Phe and Asp-95 to Gly in gyrA and Ser-87 to Arg in parC, was detected in 40% of the isolates exhibiting MICs ranging from 4 to >32 μg/ml. Rare types of mutations were found in the gyrA gene (Gln-102 to His [12%] and Asp-95 to Tyr [4%]) and in the parC gene (Ser-88 to Thr [4%]). The genetic relationship of the QRNG isolates, evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, suggested that the increase in the frequencies of the QRNG isolates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, may have arisen as a result of simultaneous spread of two clonal groups. The results also indicate that fluoroquinolones may no longer be used as first line antibiotics for the treatment of gonorrhea in Rio de Janeiro, and that programs for antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance of N. gonorrhoeae should also be implemented in other regions of Brazil.
authors: Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes/UFRJ, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
authors: Aline A
authors: AA
authors: Uehara
authors: Efigênia L T
authors: EL
authors: Amorin
authors: Maria de Fátima
authors: Mde F
authors: Ferreira
authors: Claudia F
authors: CF
authors: Andrade
authors: Maysa B M
authors: MB
authors: Clementino
authors: Ivano
authors: I
authors: de Filippis
authors: Felipe P G
authors: FP
authors: Neves
authors: Tatiana de C A
authors: Tde C
authors: Pinto
authors: Lúcia M
authors: LM
authors: Teixeira
authors: Marcia
authors: M
authors: Giambiagi-Demarval
authors: Sérgio E L
authors: SE
authors: Fracalanzza
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005838:Genotype; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015363:Quinolones; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase