title: Distribution of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in milling fractions of durum wheat.
abstract: The effect of processing on mycotoxin content in milling fractions has been investigated in 10 samples of durum wheat contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 toxins at levels ranging from 97 to 5,954 μg/kg (sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins). Either naturally contaminated samples or samples artificially  inoculated with Fusarium sporotrichioides under field conditions were used. A method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with immunoaffinity column cleanup was validated in-house for the simultaneous analysis of both toxins in a variety of matrices,  including uncleaned wheat, cleaned wheat, screenings, bran, red dog, fine middlings, and semolina. Mean recoveries from samples spiked with T-2 and HT-2 toxins at levels of 100 μg/kg ranged from 85 to 107%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 14%. The milling process led  to an increase of T-2 and HT-2 toxin contents up to 13- and 5-fold in screenings and bran, respectively, compared with occurrence in the uncleaned wheat; however, an overall reduction of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by 54% (RSD, 20%) and 89% (RSD, 3%) was observed in cleaned wheat and in semolina,  respectively.
authors: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy. michelangelo.pascale@ispa.cnr.it
authors: Michelangelo
authors: M
authors: Pascale
authors: Miriam
authors: M
authors: Haidukowski
authors: Veronica Maria Teresa
authors: VM
authors: Lattanzio
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Silvestri
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Ranieri
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Visconti
mesh_terms: D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin