title: Reference values for hand grip strength, muscle mass, walking time, and one-leg standing time as indices for locomotive syndrome and associated disability: the second survey of the ROAD study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We established reference values for hand grip strength, muscle mass, walking time, and one-leg standing time as indices reflecting components of locomotive syndrome and associated disability using a large-scale population-based sample from the second survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the above-mentioned indices in 2,468 individuals ≥ 40 years old (826 men, 1,642 women; mean age 71.8 years) during the second visit of the ROAD study. Disability was defined as certified disability according to the long-term care insurance system through public health centres of each municipality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values for hand grip strength (weaker side), muscle mass of the thighs, walking time for 6 m at the usual pace, and the fastest pace for men were 32.7 kg, 7.0 kg, 5.6 s, and 3.7 s, respectively, and those for women were 20.8 kg, 5.2 kg, 5.9 s, and 4.1 s, respectively. The median values for one-leg standing time (weaker side) were 14 s for men and 12 s for women. The prevalence of disability in men aged 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and ≥ 80 was 0.0, 1.0, 6.3, and 8.8%, respectively, and in women was 3.4, 3.5, 9.2, and 14.7%, respectively. There were significant associations between the presence of disability and walking time for 6 m at the usual pace and at the fastest pace, and between the presence of disability and walking speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established reference values for indices reflecting components of locomotive syndrome, and identified significant associations between walking ability and disability.
authors: Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. yoshimuran-ort@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Yoshimura
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Oka
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Muraki
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Akune
authors: Naoki
authors: N
authors: Hirabayashi
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Matsuda
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Nojiri
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Hatanaka
authors: Yuyu
authors: Y
authors: Ishimoto
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Nagata
authors: Munehito
authors: M
authors: Yoshida
authors: Fumiaki
authors: F
authors: Tokimura
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: Kozo
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking; D055815:Young Adult