title: Monitoring of tissue ablation using time series of ultrasound RF data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is the first report on the monitoring of tissue ablation using ultrasound RF echo time series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We calcuate frequency and time domain features of time series of RF echoes from stationary tissue and transducer, and correlate them with ablated and non-ablated tissue properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We combine these features in a nonlinear classification framework and demonstrate up to 99% classification accuracy in distinguishing ablated and non-ablated regions of tissue, in areas as small as 12mm2 in size. We also demonstrate significant improvement of ablated tissue classification using RF time series compared to the conventional approach of using single RF scan lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest RF echo time series as a promising approach for monitoring ablation, and capturing the changes in the tissue microstructure as a result of heat-induced necrosis.
authors: Queen's University, Canada.
authors: Farhad
authors: F
authors: Imani
authors: Mark Z
authors: MZ
authors: Wu
authors: Andras
authors: A
authors: Lasso
authors: Everett C
authors: EC
authors: Burdette
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Daoud
authors: Gabor
authors: G
authors: Fitchinger
authors: Purang
authors: P
authors: Abolmaesumi
authors: Parvin
authors: P
authors: Mousavi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002138:Calibration; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D009336:Necrosis; D011846:Radio Waves; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014465:Ultrasonics