title: Friendship in people with schizophrenia: a survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the quantitative and qualitative aspects of friendship in people with schizophrenia. To examine emotional and behavioural commitment, experiences of stigma, and the impact of illness factors that may affect the making and keeping of friends. The difference in the perception between the researcher and participants of the presence of problems in friendships was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The size and quality of the social networks of 137 people with established schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, aged 18-65 in one geographical area of southeast England was ascertained using a semi-structured interview. Qualitative aspects of friendship were measured using objective, pre-determined, investigator-rated criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of friends reported by respondents was 1.57. Men were less likely to report friendships than women (29 vs. 53%, χ                            (2) = 13.51, df 1, p < 0.001). Of the 79 people who had a friend, 75 named someone amongst fellow service users. The quality of these friendships was generally good. Emotional commitment to friendship and mistrust were more important than current clinical state in determining whether or not the participant has friends. Most of those without friends did not see the lack of friendship as a problem. The researcher was up to three times more likely to report a problem than the participant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The friendship network size was found to be small but the quality of friendship mostly positive and highly valued. The majority of friendships were with other service users made during attendances at day hospitals and drop-in centres thus underscoring the importance of this service provision. Psychosocial intervention programmes need to take into account psychological factors that impact upon friendship.
authors: St. Leonards Community Mental Health Team, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Gambier House, West Hill Road, St. Leonards-On-Sea, East Sussex, TN38 0NG, UK. ellen.harley@sussexpartnership.nhs.uk
authors: Ellen Wan-Yuk
authors: EW
authors: Harley
authors: Jed
authors: J
authors: Boardman
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Craig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004644:Emotions; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D057545:Social Stigma; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult