title: Ductal recanalization and stenting for late presenters with TGA intact ventricular septum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ideal management strategy for patients presenting late with transposition of great arteries (TGA), intact ventricular septum (IVS), and regressed left ventricle (LV) is not clear. Primary switch, two-stage switch, and Senning operation are the options. Left ventricular retraining prior to arterial switch by ductal stenting may be effective, but the experience is very limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five of six children aged 3-6 months with TGA-IVS and regressed LV underwent recanalization and transcatheter stenting of ductus arteriosus. The ductal stent was removed during arterial switch surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was successful in 5/6 patients. All the patients had totally occluded ductus and needed recanalization with coronary total occlusion hardware. The ductus was dilated and stented with coronary stents. In all the patients, there was significant luminal narrowing despite adequate stent placement and deployment. Two patients needed reintervention for abrupt closure of the stent. Ductal stenting resulted in left ventricular preparedness within 7-14 days. One patient died of progressive sepsis after 14 days of stenting, even though the LV was prepared. Four patients underwent successful uneventful arterial switch surgery. During surgery, it was observed that the mucosal folds of duct were protruding through the struts of the stent in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ductal stenting is a good alternative strategy for left ventricular retraining in TGA with regressed LV even in patients with occluded ducts.
authors: Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors: Shyam S
authors: SS
authors: Kothari
authors: Sivasubramanian
authors: S
authors: Ramakrishnan
authors: Nagendra Boopathy
authors: NB
authors: Senguttuvan
authors: Saurabh Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Gupta
authors: Akshay K
authors: AK
authors: Bisoi