title: Diagnosis and management of extensive vascular malformations of the lower limb: part II. Systemic repercussions [corrected], diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: At least nine types of vascular malformations with specific clinical and radiologic characteristics must be distinguished in the lower limbs: Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome, port-wine stain with or without hypertrophy, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, macrocephaly-capillary malformation, Parkes Weber syndrome, Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome, venous malformation, glomuvenous malformation, and lymphatic malformation. Extensive vascular malformations are often more complex than they appear and require a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Vascular malformations may be associated with underlying disease or systemic anomalies. Part II of this two-part series on the diagnosis and management of extensive vascular malformations of the lower limb highlights the systemic repercussions [corrected] (bone, articular, visceral, and hematologic involvement), diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions.
authors: Unit of Vascular Malformations, Department of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. predondo@unav.es
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Redondo
authors: Leyre
authors: L
authors: Aguado
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Martínez-Cuesta
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001284:Atrophy; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007715:Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors