title: Depression, anxiety and cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with psychological and metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine whether depression, anxiety and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are more common in women with PCOS and associated with metabolic risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 226 PCOS patients and 85 BMI-matched healthy control women. All participants completed standardized questionnaires assessing depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and both depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire). Patients also completed a PCOS HRQOL questionnaire. Hirsutism scores, serum androgens and lipids were obtained. All subjects underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  28.6% of PCOS women versus 4.7% of control women had clinical depression scores indicating an 8.1-fold increased risk of depression in PCOS (P < 0.001). Depression and anxiety scores were higher in PCOS women than controls (P < 0.01 for all subscales). Obese PCOS subjects had higher depression scores and rates than non-obese PCOS women (P < 0.05). Depression scores were significantly correlated with insulin resistance and lipid parameters and with the number of components comprising the metabolic syndrome. Menstrual and hirsutism problems were the most serious concerns followed by emotional problems on the HRQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression and anxiety are more common in patients with PCOS compared with healthy women. Depression in PCOS might be associated with obesity and metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
authors: Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine,  Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, 06100 Ankara,  Turkey.
authors: Nese
authors: N
authors: Cinar
authors: Muhammed Cemal
authors: MC
authors: Kizilarslanoglu
authors: Ayla
authors: A
authors: Harmanci
authors: Duygu Yazgan
authors: DY
authors: Aksoy
authors: Gurkan
authors: G
authors: Bozdag
authors: Basaran
authors: B
authors: Demir
authors: Bulent Okan
authors: BO
authors: Yildiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors