title: Anorectal malformations in neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorectal malformations (ARM) are associated with congenital anomalies and other risk factors, yielding a poor prognosis, especially in neonatal life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to identify the congenital anomalies as a factor of poor prognosis (mortality) in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Pediatric surgery, The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study, with statistical support.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information on the demography, clinical features, investigations, management performed, and outcome was entered in the designed proforma and analysed with the help of statistical software EpiInfo version 3.5.1. Statistical test: Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance of the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 neonates with ARM, 77 were male and 23, female (3.4:1). The mean age at presentation was 3.4 days (range, 12 hrs to 28 days). In 60 patients (60%), the presentation was imperforate anus without a clinically identified fistula. In 28 patients (28%), associated anomalies were present. The common associated anomalies were urogenital (10%), cardiovascular (8%), and gastrointestinal (6%). Down's syndrome was present in 8 (8%) patients. A total of 15 (15%) deaths occurred in this study. In patients having associated congenital anomalies, 11 deaths occurred, whereas, 4 deaths were in patients without associated anomalies (P < 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality is higher in neonates with ARM having associated congenital anomalies.
authors: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan. blmirza@yahoo.com
authors: Bilal
authors: B
authors: Mirza
authors: Lubna
authors: L
authors: Ijaz
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Saleem
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Sharif
authors: Afzal
authors: A
authors: Sheikh
mesh_terms: D000071056:Anorectal Malformations; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors