title: Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with bone metastatic,  hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.  Risk factors and prevention strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence from the literature suggests that osteonecrosis of the jaw is emerging as a serious complication of treatment with bisphosphonates for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a series of 60 patients with osseous metastases from prostate cancer under complete androgen deprivation therapy. All patients also received bisphosphonates intravenously every 3 to 4 weeks. Over a period of 3 and a half years, we recorded the incidence, presenting signs and symptoms of osteonecrosis of the jaw among those patients and the diagnostic workup required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the 60 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were found to be affected with osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to bisphosphonate administration at the Urology Department at the University Hospital of Alexandroupolis between January 2006 and August 2009. For diagnostic reasons, all 9 patients underwent computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the maxillary region, as well as a three-phase whole body bone scan. CONCLUSIONS; There is evidence that administration of bisphosphonates in patients with advanced prostate cancer may increase the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw. Guidelines regarding the diagnosis and management of those patients are needed.
authors: Urology Department, Democritus university of Thrace, Greece. bantis68@otenet.gr
authors: Athanasios
authors: A
authors: Bantis
authors: Athanasios
authors: A
authors: Zissimopoulos
authors: Petros
authors: P
authors: Sountoulides
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Kalaitzis
authors: Stelios
authors: S
authors: Giannakopoulos
authors: Savas
authors: S
authors: Deftereos
authors: Giorgos
authors: G
authors: Tsakaldimis
authors: Vasilios
authors: V
authors: Thomaidis
authors: Stavros
authors: S
authors: Touloupidis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D059266:Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate