title: The roles of peptidyl-proline isomerases in gene regulation.
abstract: The post-translational modification of proteins and enzymes provides a dynamic and reversible means to control protein function and transmit biological signals. While covalent modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation have drawn much attention, in the past decade the involvement of peptidyl-proline isomerases (PPIs) in signaling and post-translational modification of protein function has become increasingly apparent. Three distinct families of PPI enzymes (parvulins, cyclophilins, and FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs)) each have the capacity to catalyze cis-trans proline isomerization in substrate proteins, and this modification can regulate both structure and function. In eukaryotic cells, a subset of these enzymes is localized to the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression at multiple control points. Here we summarize this body of work that together establishes a clear role of these enzymes as evolutionarily conserved players in the control of both transcription of mRNAs and the assembly of chromatin.
authors: The Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Dilworth
authors: Geoff
authors: G
authors: Gudavicius
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Leung
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055162:Biocatalysis; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011392:Proline; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase