title: Associated morbidity of chalazia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chalazion may be associated with some local and systemic conditions. We studied the prevalence of various conditions among patients with chalazion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective observational case-control study of all the members who were diagnosed with chalazion in the Central District of Clalit Health Services in Israel (years 2000-2008; n = 9119) and 9119 age- and gender-matched controls randomly selected from the district members. We calculated the prevalence of various ocular, systemic, and demographic conditions as risk factors for chalazion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographically, a significant (P < 0.0001) tendency to develop chalazion was found in the population of lower socioeconomic class, in the population living in urban areas, in young females (10-29 years), in older men (older than 60 years), and in non-Ashkenazi Jews. The following risk factors of chalazion were statistically significant: blepharitis [odds ratio (OR), 6.2], rosacea (OR, 2.9), gastritis (OR, 1.4), anxiety (OR, 1.5), irritable bowel syndrome (OR, 1.7), and smoking (OR, 1.2). Diabetes (OR, 0.8) and hypothyroidism (OR, 0.8) were significantly less prevalent among chalazion patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some systemic conditions are significantly more prevalent and some are significantly less prevalent among patients with chalazion. Better understanding of the pathophysiological association between those diseases and chalazion may help in its treatment and prevention.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.
authors: Arie Y
authors: AY
authors: Nemet
authors: Shlomo
authors: S
authors: Vinker
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Kaiserman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017043:Chalazion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult