title: HTLV-1 and innate immunity.
abstract: Innate immunity plays a critical role in the host response to a viral infection. The innate response has two main functions. First, it triggers effector mechanisms that restrict the infection. Second, it primes development of the adaptive response, which completes the elimination of the pathogen or of infected cells. In vivo, HTLV-1 infects T lymphocytes that participate in adaptive immunity but also monocytes and dendritic cells that are major players in innate immunity. Herein, we will review the interplay between HTLV-1 and innate immunity. Particular emphasis is put on HTLV-1-induced alteration of type-I interferon (IFN-I) function. In vitro, the viral Tax protein plays a significant role in the alteration of IFN synthesis and signaling. Despite this, IFN-I/AZT treatment of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) patients leads to complete remission. We will discuss a model in which exogenous IFN-I could act both on the microenvironment of the T-cells to protect them from infection, and also on infected cells when combined with other drugs that lead to Tax down-regulation/degradation.
authors: Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM-U758 Human Virology, Lyon, France. chloe.journo@ens-lyon.fr
authors: Chloé
authors: C
authors: Journo
authors: Renaud
authors: R
authors: Mahieux
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D016356:Gene Products, tax; D007370:Interferon Type I; D014764:Viral Proteins; C514970:tax protein, Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1