title: Early-onset neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation due to PANK2 mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by pantothenate kinase (PANK2) gene mutations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) typically shows the "eye-of-the-tiger" sign, i.e. bilateral pallidal T2 hypointensity with a small central region of T2-hyperintensity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical and MRI findings of a boy with early-onset neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation due to PANK2 mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, neuroradiological and molecular investigations have been performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At first observation (2years and 10months) the boy presented only with developmental delay and toe-walking and isolated T2 hyperintensity within globi pallidi on brain MRI. One year later, small rounded areas of markedly low signal within the globi pallidi on T2∗- weighted images appeared in association with mild dystonia. PANK2 gene homozygous mutation confirmed the diagnosis of PKAN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young children, PKAN should be suspected also before clinical and neuroradiological picture is fully indicative, to avoid delayed diagnosis of a genetic disease for which therapeutical options could be potentially useful if administered in paucisymptomatic subjects.
authors: Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy. danielapaolarossi@fastwebnet.it
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Rossi
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: De Grandis
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Barzaghi
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Mascaretti
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Garavaglia
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Zanotto
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Morana
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Biancheri
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000473:pathology*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D006211:Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C023088:pantothenate kinase