title: Musculoskeletal pain in elite professional musicians from British symphony orchestras.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Professional musicians have high rates of musculoskeletal pain, but few studies have analysed risks by work activities or the psychosocial work environment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal pain, and its relation to playing conditions, mental health and performance anxiety, in musicians from leading British symphony orchestras.
  
  
  METHODS
  Musicians from six professional orchestras completed a questionnaire concerning their orchestral duties and physical activities at work, mental health (somatizing tendency, mood, demand, support and control at work, performance anxiety) and regional pain in the past 4 weeks and past 12 months. Prevalence rates were estimated by anatomical site and associations with risk factors assessed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses were received from 243 musicians (51% of those approached), among whom 210 (86%) reported regional pain in the past 12 months, mainly affecting the neck, low back and shoulders. Risks tended to be higher in women, in those with low mood, and especially in those with high somatizing scores. Only weak associations were found with psychosocial work stressors and performance anxiety. However, risks differed markedly by instrument category. Relative to string players, the odds of wrist/hand pain were raised 2.9-fold in wind players, but 60% lower in brass players, while the odds of elbow pain were 50% lower among wind and brass players.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal pain is common in elite professional musicians. A major personal risk factor is somatizing tendency, but performance anxiety has less impact. Risks differ substantially by instrument played, offering pointers towards prevention.
authors: Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, Hants SO16 6YD, UK.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Leaver
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Harris
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D060805:Performance Anxiety; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult