title: Integrating climate change adaptation into public health practice: using adaptive management to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Climate change is expected to have a range of health impacts, some of which are already apparent. Public health adaptation is imperative, but there has been little discussion of how to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in public health systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We explored possible explanations for the lack of work on adaptive capacity, outline climate-health challenges that may lie outside public health's coping range, and consider changes in practice that could increase public health's adaptive capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a substantive, interdisciplinary literature review focused on climate change adaptation in public health, social learning, and management of socioeconomic systems exhibiting dynamic complexity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are two competing views of how public health should engage climate change adaptation. Perspectives differ on whether climate change will primarily amplify existing hazards, requiring enhancement of existing public health functions, or present categorically distinct threats requiring innovative management strategies. In some contexts, distinctly climate-sensitive health threats may overwhelm public health's adaptive capacity. Addressing these threats will require increased emphasis on institutional learning, innovative management strategies, and new and improved tools. Adaptive management, an iterative framework that embraces uncertainty, uses modeling, and integrates learning, may be a useful approach. We illustrate its application to extreme heat in an urban setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing public health capacity will be necessary for certain climate-health threats. Focusing efforts to increase adaptive capacity in specific areas, promoting institutional learning, embracing adaptive management, and developing tools to facilitate these processes are important priorities and can improve the resilience of local public health systems to climate change.
authors: Climate and Health Program, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. jhess@emory.edu
authors: Jeremy J
authors: JJ
authors: Hess
authors: Julia Z
authors: JZ
authors: McDowell
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Luber
mesh_terms: D057231:Climate Change; D003657:Decision Making; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015980:Public Health Practice