title: Differential expression and modification of proteins during ontogenesis in Malus domestica.
abstract: Many morphological and physiological changes have been widely reported during ontogeny in higher plants. In order for the better understanding of the proteomic differences between ontogenetic phases, protein compositions between leaves of juvenile, adult vegetative and reproductive phases were compared in an apple (Malus domestica Borkh., Jonathan × Golden Delicious) seedling. Totally, 122 differentially expressed or modified protein spots were separated by DIGE. Of the 122 protein spots, 44, 17 and 29 were abundant in the leaf samples from the juvenile, adult vegetative and reproductive phases, respectively, two spots showed a lower level in the adult vegetative tissue, while the amount of protein increased in 21 spots during ontogeny and declined in nine spots. One hundred and fifteen spots were successfully picked and 95 spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Twenty-three juvenile phase abundant or down-regulated spots were photosynthesis-associated proteins, implying a juvenile phase-related photosynthesis enhancement. The expression of 10 enzymes and coenzymes involved in protein synthesis and catabolism was elevated in the adult reproductive phase or up-regulated during ontogeny, contributing a phase change-related activation in protein metabolism. Six proteins generated 30 differential gel spots via post-translational modifications. The differential expression of NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was confirmed by Western blotting in six seedlings derived from two hybrid populations. The results of semi-quantitative PCR indicate that some but not all of these proteomic changes were transcriptionally regulated.
authors: Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Cao
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Gao
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Chun M
authors: CM
authors: Li
authors: Yong B
authors: YB
authors: Zhao
authors: Zhen H
authors: ZH
authors: Han
authors: Xin Z
authors: XZ
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D027845:Malus / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D013401:Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases; C022645:sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase