title: Bradyrhizobium huanghuaihaiense sp. nov., an effective symbiotic bacterium isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) nodules.
abstract: In a survey of the biodiversity and biogeography of rhizobia associated with soybean (Glycine max L.) in different sites of the Northern (Huang-Huai-Hai) Plain of China, ten strains were defined as representing a novel genomic species in the genus of Bradyrhizobium. They were distinguished from defined species in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer (IGS). In BOX-PCR, these strains presented two patterns that shared 94% similarity, demonstrating that they were a homogenous group with limited diversity. In phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, IGS and housekeeping gene sequences, four representative strains formed a distant lineage within the genus Bradyrhizobium, which was consistent with the results of DNA-DNA hybridization. The strains of this novel group formed effective nodules with G. max, Glycine soja and Vigna unguiculata in cross-nodulation tests and harboured symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH) identical to those of reference strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and 'Bradyrhizobium daqingense' originating from soybean, implying that the novel group may have obtained these symbiotic genes by lateral gene transfer. In analyses of cellular fatty acids and phenotypic features, some differences were found between the novel group and related Bradyrhizobium species, demonstrating that the novel group is distinct phenotypically from other Bradyrhizobium species. Based upon the data obtained, these strains are proposed to represent a novel species, Bradyrhizobium huanghuaihaiense sp. nov., with CCBAU 23303(T) ( = LMG 26136(T)  = CGMCC 1.10948(T)  = HAMBI 3180(T)) as the type strain. The DNA G+C content of strain CCBAU 23303(T) is 61.5 mol% (T(m)).
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Yan Ming
authors: YM
authors: Zhang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Wen Feng
authors: WF
authors: Chen
authors: Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 México Distrito Federal, Mexico.|State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: En Tao
authors: ET
authors: Wang
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Xin Hua
authors: XH
authors: Sui
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Qin Qin
authors: QQ
authors: Li
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Yun Zeng
authors: YZ
authors: Zhang
authors: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
authors: Yu Guang
authors: YG
authors: Zhou
authors: State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
authors: Wen Xin
authors: WX
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D020369:Bradyrhizobium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D053204:Root Nodules, Plant / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013025:Glycine max / Q000382:microbiology*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S