title: Development and validation of the smoking abstinence expectancies questionnaire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite evidence that expectancies influence the use and effects of drugs, there are no questionnaires that assess abstinence expectancies among smokers. Such a questionnaire may assist prediction models of successful quitting, enable clinicians to target specific expectancies, and give researchers a broader understanding of cognitive processes that influence smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We aimed to develop a questionnaire that assesses, among daily smokers, expected short-term psychological and physiological consequences to (hypothetically) abstaining from smoking. Initial scale items, completed by 326 smokers, were constructed on the basis of theory, empirical evidence, and expert review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final Smoking Abstinence Expectancies Questionnaire (SAEQ) has 28 items and 4 internally consistent subscales: Negative Mood (e.g., "I would feel grouchy"), Somatic Symptoms (e.g., "My throat would feel dry"), Harmful Consequences (e.g., "I would feel like I'm dying"), and Positive Consequences (e.g., "I would feel calm"). The full scale showed good internal consistency (∝ = .86), test-retest reliability over a 2-week span (r = .82), as well as convergent and discriminant validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides preliminary support for the SAEQ as a tool in smoking cessation research and treatment planning.
authors: Department of Psychology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA. kabrams@carleton.edu
authors: Kenneth
authors: K
authors: Abrams
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Zvolensky
authors: Lacey
authors: L
authors: Dorman
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult