title: Stereoscopic technique for conversion of radiographic guide into implant surgical guide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a new stereoscopic technique for conversion of radiographic guide into surgical guide for dental implant placement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten partially dentate patients requiring 18 implants for tooth replacement were recruited. Radiographic guides were modified with the addition of index rods for double computed tomography scanning. Implant positions were planned with implant planning software, and the stereoscopic angulations were measured. The radiographic guides were converted into surgical guides using either a generic bench drill (Group A, n = 9) or a milling machine (Group B, n = 9). Stereolithographic surgical guides were also made for three patients (Group S, n = 5). Differences between the planned and actual angulations were tested by pair-sample t-test. Difference of mean angle deviation among groups was tested by Brown-Forsythe test. Differences were considered significant if p < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen implant sites were successfully treated with the converted surgical guides. The mean angle deviation of Group A (1.3 ± 0.6°) was significantly greater than Group S (0.4 ± 0.6°), while no differences were found between Group B (0.9 ± 0.3°) and Group S. The linear error was greatest in Group A with 1.5 mm at the head and 1.8 mm at the apex of the implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of this new stereoscopic technique appears to be an acceptable alternative method for converting radiographic guide into surgical guide.
authors: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cwkpaul@net-yan.com
authors: Paul W K
authors: PW
authors: Chan
authors: Fu-Fai
authors: FF
authors: Chik
authors: Edmond H N
authors: EH
authors: Pow
authors: Tak-Wah
authors: TW
authors: Chow
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation; D003287:Contrast Media; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003867:Depth Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012984:Software; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003287:Contrast Media; D003764:Dental Materials