title: Use of a postpartum hemorrhage simulator for instruction and evaluation of residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postpartum hemorrhage is a common and potentially life-threatening obstetric emergency. We sought to create a realistic simulation and validate a standardized grading form to evaluate competency in the management of postpartum hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Residents from 3 programs underwent training with a postpartum hemorrhage simulation using a standard obstetric birthing model equipped with an inflatable uterus to simulate uterine atony. All simulations were graded by staff physicians with a standardized grading sheet constructed from the current literature on the topic. Residents were expected to recognize the hemorrhage and take appropriate steps, including asking the assistant to administer medications, to correct the problem. Objective and subjective performance was measured with standardized grading sheets, and results were analyzed for reliability using Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients. This project was conducted in accordance with the hospital Institutional Review Board policies at each institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty residents from 3 institutions underwent simulation training. The majority were unable to correct the hemorrhage within 5 minutes and almost half also made at least 1 error, either the dose or route, in the medications they requested. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach α and demonstrated the grading sheets were valid and had good interrater reliability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simulated postpartum hemorrhage scenario can identify important deficiencies in resident knowledge and performance, with no risk to patients. The standardized grading form worked well for our purposes and was reliable in our study. Further testing is needed to evaluate whether the training improves performance in real-life hemorrhages.
authors: Shad H
authors: SH
authors: Deering
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Chinn
authors: Jonathon
authors: J
authors: Hodor
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Benedetti
authors: Lynn S
authors: LS
authors: Mandel
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Goff