title: New insights into weaning from mechanical ventilation: left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a key player.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the diagnostic performance of Doppler echocardiography (DE) in predicting the outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients without overt cardiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty critical care noncardiac patients who fulfilled predetermined criteria for weaning underwent DE before and at the end of spontaneous breathing trial (pre-SBT/end-SBT, respectively). "Conventional" mitral inflow analysis and "advanced" DE parameters [tissue Doppler imaging (TDI)-derived mitral/tricuspid annular velocities and color M-mode Doppler velocity of propagation (V p)] were used to assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic function/filling pressures. Weaning was considered successful if patients had been extubated after successful SBT and sustained spontaneous breathing for more than 48 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients (56%) failed weaning: 23 patients failed SBT and 5 required reintubation within 48 h. Weaning failure was associated with the degree of LV diastolic dysfunction at pre-SBT (P = 0.01). Patients who failed weaning presented evidence of increased LV filling pressures at pre-SBT, by demonstrating increased E/E m and E/V p ratios compared with patients with successful outcome (P ≤ 0.004); pre-SBT values of lateral E/E m greater than 7.8 and E/V p greater than 1.51 predicted weaning failure with an area under the curve, sensitivity (%), and specificity (%) of 0.86, 79, and 100, and 0.74, 75, and 73, respectively. Lateral E/E m was the only factor independently associated with weaning failure before SBT; OR (95% CI) 5.62 (1.17-26.96), P = 0.03.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that LV diastolic dysfunction is significantly associated with weaning outcome in critically ill patients with preserved LV systolic function. An E/E m ratio greater than 7.8 may identify patients at high risk of weaning failure.
authors: Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece. y_papanikolaou@hotmail.com.|Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece. y_papanikolaou@hotmail.com.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Papanikolaou
authors: Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece.
authors: Demosthenes
authors: D
authors: Makris
authors: 2nd Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, University Hospital of Athens 'Attikon', Athens, Greece.
authors: Theodosios
authors: T
authors: Saranteas
authors: Department of Critical Care, General State Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Karakitsos
authors: Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.|Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Elias
authors: E
authors: Zintzaras
authors: Department of Critical Care, General State Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Karabinis
authors: 2nd Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, University Hospital of Athens 'Attikon', Athens, Greece.
authors: Georgia
authors: G
authors: Kostopanagiotou
authors: Department of Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece. ezakynth@yahoo.com.|Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece. ezakynth@yahoo.com.
authors: Epaminondas
authors: E
authors: Zakynthinos
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology