title: The economics of health information technology in medication management: a systematic review of economic evaluations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review and synthesis of the evidence surrounding the cost-effectiveness of health information technology (HIT) in the medication process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peer-reviewed electronic databases and gray literature were searched to identify studies on HIT used to assist in the medication management process. Articles including an economic component were reviewed for further screening. For this review, full cost-effectiveness analyses, cost-utility analyses and cost-benefit analyses, as well as cost analyses, were eligible for inclusion and synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 31 studies included were heterogeneous with respect to the HIT evaluated, setting, and economic methods used. Thus the data could not be synthesized, and a narrative review was conducted. Most studies evaluated computer decision support systems in hospital settings in the USA, and only five of the studied performed full economic evaluations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most studies merely provided cost data; however, useful economic data involves far more input. A full economic evaluation includes a full enumeration of the costs, synthesized with the outcomes of the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of the economic literature in this area is poor. A few studies found that HIT may offer cost advantages despite their increased acquisition costs. However, given the uncertainty that surrounds the costs and outcomes data, and limited study designs, it is difficult to reach any definitive conclusion as to whether the additional costs and benefits represent value for money. Sophisticated concurrent prospective economic evaluations need to be conducted to address whether HIT interventions in the medication management process are cost-effective.
authors: Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health-PATH, Research Institute-St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. oreilld@mcmaster.ca
authors: Daria
authors: D
authors: O'Reilly
authors: Jean-Eric
authors: JE
authors: Tarride
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Goeree
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Lokker
authors: K Ann
authors: KA
authors: McKibbon
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000191:economics*; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000191:economics*; D004469:Economics, Hospital; D005060:Europe; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems / Q000191:economics*; D008509:Medication Systems / Q000191:economics*; D009656:North America; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000191:economics*