The personal and national costs of CVD: impacts on income, taxes, government support payments and GDP due to lost labour force participation.
BACKGROUND
CVD has the ability to interrupt an individual's ability to participate in the labour force, and this can have considerable follow-up on impacts to both the individual and the state. This study aimed to quantify the personal cost of lost income and the cost to the state from lost income taxation, increased benefit payments and lost GDP as a result of early retirement due to CVD in Australians aged 45-64 in 2009.


METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis of the base population of Health&WealthMOD, a microsimulation model built on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers and STINMOD, an income and savings microsimulation model.


RESULTS
Individuals aged 45 to 64 years who have retired early due to CVD have a median value of total weekly income of only $268 whereas those who are employed full time are likely to have almost five times this. The national aggregate impact of CVD through the loss of labour force participation amongst 45 to 64 year olds, equated to around AU$1.1 billion in lost income, $AU225 million in lost income taxation revenue, AU$85 million in additional government benefit payments, and AU$748 million in lost GDP, in 2009 alone.


CONCLUSIONS
The costs of CVD to both individuals and the state are considerable. Whilst individuals bear the economic costs of lost income in addition to the burden of the condition itself, the state impacts are loss of productivity from reduced workforce participation, lost income taxation revenue, and increasing government support payments - in addition to direct health care costs.
NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. deborah.schofield@ctc.usyd.edu.au
Deborah
D
Schofield
Rupendra
R
Shrestha
Richard
R
Percival
Megan
M
Passey
Emily
E
Callander
Simon
S
Kelly
D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D059066:Gross Domestic Product; D017048:Health Care Costs; D062489:Health Impact Assessment / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007183:Income Tax / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged