Iodine nutrition status in pregnant women in Mexico.
BACKGROUND
Iodine nutrition during pregnancy has become an important public health concern because of the deleterious impact of iodine deficiency on brain development during fetal and early postnatal life. Iodine nutrition status can be assessed in a population by the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC). World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund, and the International Council for Iodine Deficiency Disorders have established that a median of UIC between 150 and 249 μg/L in pregnant women indicates an adequate iodine intake. The aim of this study was to assess iodine nutrition status in Mexican pregnant women.


METHODS
Two hundred ninety-four pregnant women receiving prenatal care in the Public Medical Units of the State Ministry of Health for each pregnancy trimester (first, n=60; second, n=103; and third, n=131) in Queretaro, Mexico, were enrolled to assess UIC by the Sandell-Kholtoff method.


RESULTS
The median of UIC was 273, 285, and 231 μg/L in the first, second, and third trimesters of gestation, respectively. Globally, the median (range) of UIC was 260 (5-1320) μg/L, and the percentage of samples with UIC below 150 μg/L was 28%. There was no significant difference between the UIC of women using iodine-containing multivitamins compared with those who reported the consumption of noniodized multivitamins (p>0.05). In addition, we found no difference between the UIC of women using iodized table salt compared with those who employed noniodized table salt, with those who did not know whether their table salt was iodized (p>0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the median UIC, iodine intake in Queretaro, Mexico, is slightly above requirements during the first two trimesters, and adequate in the third trimester. The wide Mexican universal iodized salt program seems to supply adequate dietary iodine to pregnant women without health insurance in this region. However, regular monitoring of iodine status is recommended during pregnancy throughout Mexico.
Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México. pablo.garcia@uaq.mx
Pablo
P
García-Solís
Juan Carlos
JC
Solís-S
Ana Cristina
AC
García-Gaytán
Vanessa Amaranta
VA
Reyes-Mendoza
Ludivina
L
Robles-Osorio
Hebert Luis
HL
Hernández-Montiel
Guillermo Enrique
GE
Leo-Amador
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000652:urine; D016015:Logistic Models; D008800:Mexico; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000652:urine; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
D015415:Biomarkers; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine