In vitro and in vivo skin anti-aging evaluation of gel containing niosomes loaded with a semi-purified fraction containing gallic acid from Terminalia chebula galls.
BACKGROUND
The galls of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) frequently appear in many Thai Lanna medicinal plant recipes for promotion of longevity.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the skin anti-aging of gel containing niosomes loaded with a semi-purified fraction containing gallic acid from T. chebula galls.


METHODS
The semi-purified fraction containing phenolic compounds including gallic acid isolated from T. chebula galls loaded in non-elastic or elastic niosomes, and its developed gel, were evaluated for rabbit skin irritation by the closed patch test and skin anti-aging in human volunteers by measuring skin elasticity and roughness.


RESULTS
Gel containing the fraction unloaded (SS) or loaded in non-elastic (SN) or elastic (SE) niosomes and gallic acid loaded in non-elastic (GN) or elastic (GE) niosomes showed no skin irritation, whereas the unloaded gallic acid (GS) gave the irritation in rabbit's skin by the closed patch test. The % parameter changes of skin elastic recovery and skin elastic extension when applied with SN and SE gels were +28.73 and +32.57; -21.25 and -22.63%, respectively. SN and SE gel also showed a significant decrease of the maximum and average roughness values with the parameter changes of -29.43 and -32.38; -39.47 and -35.28%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The semi-purified fraction loaded in niosomes indicated not only higher chemical stability of gallic acid containing in the fraction, but also more in vivo anti-aging activities than the unloaded fraction when incorporated in gel.
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. pmpti005@chiangmai.ac.th
Aranya
A
Manosroi
Pensak
P
Jantrawut
Toshihiro
T
Akihisa
Worapaka
W
Manosroi
Jiradej
J
Manosroi
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004355:Drug Stability; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008875:Middle Aged; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010941:Plant Tumors; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry; D013785:Thailand; D013997:Time Factors
D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005707:Gallic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2