Risk factors for pancreatitis following transpapillary self-expandable metal stent placement.
BACKGROUND
Pancreatitis is one of complications after self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for pancreatitis after endoscopic SEMS placement for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO).


METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 370 consecutive patients who underwent initial transpapillary SEMS placement for biliary decompression. The characteristics of inserted SEMSs were classified according to axial and radial force.


RESULTS
Pancreatitis following SEMS insertion was observed in 22 patients (6%). All of them were mild according to consensus criteria. Univariate analysis indicated that injections of contrast into the pancreatic duct (frequency of pancreatitis, 10.3%), the placement of an SEMS with high axial force (8.3%), and nonpancreatic cancer (16.1%) significantly contributed to the development of pancreatitis, whereas female gender, a younger age, a covered SEMS, and a SEMS with high radial force or without a biliary sphincterotomy did not. In a multivariate risk model, SEMSs with high axial force (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; p = 0.022) and nonpancreatic cancer (OR, 5.52; p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for pancreatitis.


CONCLUSIONS
SEMSs with high axial force and an etiology of MBO other than pancreatic cancer were strongly associated with a high incidence of pancreatitis following transpapillary SEMS placement in patients with distal MBO.
Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Kazumichi
K
Kawakubo
Hiroyuki
H
Isayama
Yousuke
Y
Nakai
Osamu
O
Togawa
Naoki
N
Sasahira
Hirofumi
H
Kogure
Takashi
T
Sasaki
Saburo
S
Matsubara
Natsuyo
N
Yamamoto
Kenji
K
Hirano
Takeshi
T
Tsujino
Nobuo
N
Toda
Minoru
M
Tada
Masao
M
Omata
Kazuhiko
K
Koike
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome