Local drug delivery - the early Berlin experience: single drug administration versus sustained release.
Our initial investigations into restenosis inhibition by local drug delivery were prompted by reports on an improved outcome of coronary interventions, including a lower rate of target lesion revascularisation, when the intervention was performed with an ionic instead of non-ionic contrast medium. Although this was not confirmed in an animal study, the short exposure of the vessel wall to paclitaxel dissolved in contrast agent or coated on balloons proved to be efficacious. A study comparing three methods of local drug delivery to the coronary artery in pigs indicated the following order of efficacy in inhibiting neointimal proliferation: paclitaxel-coated balloons > sirolimus-eluting stents, sustained drug release > paclitaxel in contrast medium. Cell culture experiments confirmed that cell proliferation can be inhibited by very short exposure to the drug. Shorter exposure times require higher drug concentrations. Effective paclitaxel concentrations in porcine arteries are achieved when the drug is dissolved in contrast medium or coated on balloons. Paclitaxel is an exceptional drug in that it stays in the treated tissue for a long time. This may explain the long-lasting efficacy of paclitaxel-coated balloons, but does not disprove the hypothesis that the agent blocks a process initiating long-lasting excessive neointimal proliferation, which occurs early after vessel injury.
Department of Radiology, Experimental Radiology, Charité, University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. ulrich/speck@charite.de
Ulrich
U
Speck
Bruno
B
Scheller
Wolfgang
W
Rutsch
Michael
M
Laule
Verena
V
Stangl
D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D001604:Berlin; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D057785:Catheters; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus