Humor and laughter in patients with cerebellar degeneration.
Humor is a complex behavior which includes cognitive, affective and motor responses. Based on observations of affective changes in patients with cerebellar lesions, the cerebellum may support cerebral and brainstem areas involved in understanding and appreciation of humorous stimuli and expression of laughter. The aim of the present study was to examine if humor appreciation, perception of humorous stimuli, and the succeeding facial reaction differ between patients with cerebellar degeneration and healthy controls. Twenty-three adults with pure cerebellar degeneration were compared with 23 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy control subjects. No significant difference in humor appreciation and perception of humorous stimuli could be found between groups using the 3 Witz-Dimensionen Test, a validated test asking for funniness and aversiveness of jokes and cartoons. Furthermore, while observing jokes, humorous cartoons, and video sketches, facial expressions of subjects were videotaped and afterwards analysed using the Facial Action Coding System. Using depression as a covariate, the number, and to a lesser degree, the duration of facial expressions during laughter were reduced in cerebellar patients compared to healthy controls. In sum, appreciation of humor appears to be largely preserved in patients with chronic cerebellar degeneration. Cerebellar circuits may contribute to the expression of laughter. Findings add to the literature that non-motor disorders in patients with chronic cerebellar disease are generally mild, but do not exclude that more marked disorders may show up in acute cerebellar disease and/or in more specific tests of humor appreciation.
Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. benedikt.frank@uni-due.de
B
B
Frank
B
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Propson
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Göricke
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Jacobi
B
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Wild
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D
Timmann
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002359:Cartoons as Topic; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007845:Laughter / Q000523:psychology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010556:Personality Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013132:Spinocerebellar Degenerations / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*