Normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to TAC3/TACR3 mutations: characterization of neuroendocrine phenotypes and novel mutations.
BACKGROUND
TAC3/TACR3 mutations have been reported in normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nCHH) (OMIM #146110). In the absence of animal models, studies of human neuroendocrine phenotypes associated with neurokinin B and NK3R receptor dysfunction can help to decipher the pathophysiology of this signaling pathway.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence of TAC3/TACR3 mutations, characterize novel TACR3 mutations and to analyze neuroendocrine profiles in nCHH caused by deleterious TAC3/TACR3 biallelic mutations.


RESULTS
From a cohort of 352 CHH, we selected 173 nCHH patients and identified nine patients carrying TAC3 or TACR3 variants (5.2%). We describe here 7 of these TACR3 variants (1 frameshift and 2 nonsense deleterious mutations and 4 missense variants) found in 5 subjects. Modeling and functional studies of the latter demonstrated the deleterious consequence of one missense mutation (Tyr267Asn) probably caused by the misfolding of the mutated NK3R protein. We found a statistically significant (p<0.0001) higher mean FSH/LH ratio in 11 nCHH patients with TAC3/TACR3 biallelic mutations than in 47 nCHH patients with either biallelic mutations in KISS1R, GNRHR, or with no identified mutations and than in 50 Kallmann patients with mutations in KAL1, FGFR1 or PROK2/PROKR2. Three patients with TAC3/TACR3 biallelic mutations had an apulsatile LH profile but low-frequency alpha-subunit pulses. Pulsatile GnRH administration increased alpha-subunit pulsatile frequency and reduced the FSH/LH ratio.


CONCLUSIONS
The gonadotropin axis dysfunction associated with nCHH due to TAC3/TACR3 mutations is related to a low GnRH pulsatile frequency leading to a low frequency of alpha-subunit pulses and to an elevated FSH/LH ratio. This ratio might be useful for pre-screening nCHH patients for TAC3/TACR3 mutations.
Univ Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud UMR-S693, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Bruno
B
Francou
Jérôme
J
Bouligand
Adela
A
Voican
Larbi
L
Amazit
Séverine
S
Trabado
Jérôme
J
Fagart
Geri
G
Meduri
Sylvie
S
Brailly-Tabard
Philippe
P
Chanson
Pierre
P
Lecomte
Anne
A
Guiochon-Mantel
Jacques
J
Young
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D018039:Receptors, Tachykinin / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
D018039:Receptors, Tachykinin; D015320:Tachykinins