Association of cognitive dietary restraint and disinhibition with prediabetes--cross-sectional and longitudinal data of a feasibility study in German employees.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of eating behaviour traits on central obesity, prediabetes and associated major dietary food patterns.


METHODS
Assessment of eating behaviour was based on the revised German version of the Three-Eating Factor Questionnaire using cross-sectional and longitudinal data of a feasibility study in employees. Data on lifestyle and nutrition were obtained by validated self-administered questionnaires. Baseline characteristics were analysed by the univariate χ2 test or the Mann-Whitney test. To quantify correlations linear regression analysis was used.


METHODS
The Delay of Impaired Glucose Tolerance by a Healthy Lifestyle Trial (DELIGHT), which investigated measures to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2004-2008.


METHODS
Employees (21-64 years, 127 men, 157 women) with elevated waist circumference (men ≥ 94 cm, women ≥ 80 cm) of five medium-sized companies in northern Germany.


RESULTS
At baseline (T0), BMI but particularly waist circumference showed a strong inverse correlation with flexible control (P < 0.0001) and a positive correlation with disinhibition (P < 0.0001) and rigid control (P = 0.063). Flexible control was also significantly inversely related to fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.040), energy intake (P < 0.0001), intake of meat and meat products (P = 0.0001), and positively associated with intake of fruit and vegetables (P < 0.0001) at baseline (T0). Changes in flexible control within the first year of intervention (T1 v. T0) predicted changes in central obesity (P < 0.0001) and fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.025).


CONCLUSIONS
DELIGHT shows that flexible control characterizes individuals with a higher dietary quality, a lower waist circumference and a lower glucose level. Enhancing flexible control more than rigid control, and decreasing disinhibition, seems beneficial in terms of central adiposity and glucose levels.
University Medical Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52 N36, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. bzyriax@uke.de
Birgit-Christiane
BC
Zyriax
Christina
C
Wolf
Annika
A
Schlüter
Asad Hameed
AH
Khattak
Joachim
J
Westenhoefer
Eberhard
E
Windler
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose