Molecular epidemiological study of human rhinovirus species A, B and C from patients with acute respiratory illnesses in Japan.
Recent studies suggest that human rhinovirus species A, B and C (HRV-ABCs) may be associated with both the common cold and severe acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) such as bronchiolitis, wheezy bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, the state and molecular epidemiology of these viruses in Japan is not fully understood. This study detected the genomes of HRV-ABCs from Japanese patients (92 cases, 0-36 years old, mean±sd 3.5±5.0 years) with various ARIs including upper respiratory infection, bronchiolitis, wheezy bronchiolitis, croup and pneumonia between January and December 2010. HRV-ABCs were provisionally type assigned from the pairwise distances among the strains. On phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of the VP4/VP2 coding region, HRV-A, -B and -C were provisionally assigned to 14, 2 and 12 types, respectively. The present HRV-A and -C strains had a wide genetic diversity (>30 % divergence). The interspecies distances were 0.230±0.063 (mean±sd, HRV-A), 0.218±0.048 (HRV-B) and 0.281±0.105 (HRV-C), based on nucleotide sequences, and 0.075±0.036 (HRV-A), 0.049±0.022 (HRV-B) and 0.141±0.064 (HRV-C) at the deduced amino acid level. Furthermore, HRV-A and -C were the predominant species and were detected throughout the seasons. The results suggested that HRV-A and -C strains have a wide genetic divergence and are associated with various ARIs in Japan.
Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan.
Mika
M
Arakawa
Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-082, Japan.
Reiko
R
Okamoto-Nakagawa
Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-082, Japan.
Shoichi
S
Toda
Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Tsukagoshi
Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
Miho
M
Kobayashi
Department of Molecular Biodefence Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
Akihide
A
Ryo
Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-0031, Japan.
Katsumi
K
Mizuta
Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
Shunji
S
Hasegawa
Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
Reiji
R
Hirano
Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Wakiguchi
Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
Keiko
K
Kudo
Department of Surgery, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
Ryota
R
Tanaka
Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo Kasei University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan.
Yukio
Y
Morita
Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
Masahiro
M
Noda
Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
Kunihisa
K
Kozawa
Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube-shi, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
Takashi
T
Ichiyama
Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-082, Japan.
Komei
K
Shirabe
Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.|Gunma Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371-0052, Japan.
Hirokazu
H
Kimura
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
D012367:RNA, Viral