Clinical hurdles and possible solutions in the implementation of closed-loop control in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
From an engineering perspective, controlling blood glucose appears to be a fairly straightforward single input (glucose), single output (insulin) control problem. Unfortunately, mimicking Mother Nature turns out to be a complex endeavor. The primary hurdle in developing a useful, safe closed-loop control algorithm for an artificial pancreas is the time delays associated with current continuous glucose monitors and subcutaneously delivered insulins. This article will provide a brief history of the artificial pancreas, outline the main clinical hurdles restricting its current implementation, and list possible solutions for success.
Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Chemical Engineering, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA. hzisser@sansum.org
Howard
H
Zisser
D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019397:Pancreas, Artificial
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin