Multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 variant El Tor isolated in northern Vietnam between 2007 and 2010.
Since 2007, there has been a re-emergence of cholera outbreaks in northern Vietnam. To understand the molecular epidemiological relatedness and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of responsible V. cholerae O1 outbreak strains, a representative collection of 100 V. cholerae O1 strains was characterized. V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in northern Vietnam between 2007 and 2010 were investigated for antibiotic susceptibility and characterized by using phenotypic and genotypic tests, including PFGE analysis. Ten clinical V. cholerae O1 isolates from Bangladesh and Zimbabwe were included for comparison. The results revealed that all isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole and nalidixic acid, 29 % were resistant to tetracycline and 1 % were resistant to azithromycin. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam, doxycycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and 95 % were susceptible to azithromycin. MIC values did show reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and 63 % of the strains were intermediately resistant to tetracycline. The isolates expressed phenotypic traits of both serogroup O1 Ogawa and El Tor and harboured an rstR El Tor and ctxB classical biotype. Among the outbreak isolates, only a single PFGE pattern was observed throughout the study period. This study shows that multi-drug resistant V. cholerae altered El Tor producing classical CT strains are now predominant in northern Vietnam.
Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.|National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Huu Dat
HD
Tran
Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Munirul
M
Alam
Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.|National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Nguyen Vu
NV
Trung
Department of Infectious Diseases, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.|National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Nguyen
N
Van Kinh
National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Hong Ha
HH
Nguyen
National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Van Ca
VC
Pham
Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Mohammad
M
Ansaruzzaman
Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Shah Manzur
SM
Rashed
Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Nurul A
NA
Bhuiyan
National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tuyet Trinh
TT
Dao
Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Enteric & Food Microbiology Laboratory, ICDDR,B: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Hubert P
HP
Endtz
Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.|Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Vietnam, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Road, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Heiman F L
HFL
Wertheim
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents