Acute myocarditis: diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced cine steady-state free precession MRI sequences.
OBJECTIVE
MRI has become the primary tool for assessment of myocardial inflammation in patients with suspected acute myocarditis. Optimal diagnostic performance is achieved with late gadolinium-enhanced sequences, but cine balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) MRI sequences are routinely used to evaluate cardiac function. Our aim was to prospectively assess the diagnostic value of unenhanced and contrast-enhanced cine SSFP MRI sequences in comparison with late gadolinium-enhanced sequences for imaging of patients with strong evidence of acute myocarditis.


METHODS
Eighteen patients with strong evidence of acute myocarditis underwent 1.5-T cardiac MRI. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced cine SSFP images and late gadolinium-enhanced images were obtained. The images were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test or paired Student t test.


RESULTS
Areas of high signal intensity were detected in 28% (5/18), 94% (17/18), and 89% (16/18) of patients on unenhanced cine, contrast-enhanced cine, and late gadolinium-enhanced images. In one patient, contrast-enhanced cine images revealed subepicardial areas of high signal intensity that were not visible on late gadolinium-enhanced images. The location and transmural nature of involved segments matched on contrast-enhanced cine and late gadolinium-enhanced images (both, r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on contrast-enhanced cine images than on late gadolinium-enhanced images (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Contrast-enhanced cine MRI is a valuable tool for detection of lesions of acute myocarditis and should be recommended for routine clinical MRI.
Radiology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Est, Créteil, France. jean-francois.deux@hmn.aphp.fr
Jean-François
JF
Deux
Mezri
M
Maatouk
Pascal
P
Lim
Alexandre
A
Vignaud
Julie
J
Mayer
Pascal
P
Gueret
Alain
A
Rahmouni
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008536:Meglumine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008536:Meglumine; C072417:gadoterate meglumine