Randomized clinical trial to assess pain and bruising in medicines administered by means of subcutaneous and intramuscular needle injection: is it necessary to have needles changed?
This clinical trial aimed at comparing the intensity of pain and bruising by subcutaneous and intramuscular injections using and retractable fixed syringes and needles and syringes with no needles combined, at a public hospital in Sao Paulo, for six months. We evaluated the perception of pain in case of intramuscular (n=1000) and subcutaneous injections (n=240). In subcutaneous application, bruise formation was also verified. Pain and bruising scores were higher in the group with no needles combined (p<0.001) and (p<0.029), respectively. The test power in relation to the pain scale of was 0.98. The use of retractable fixed needles is recommended in the application of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections.


BACKGROUND
NCT01271608.
Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo, Brazil. luizlamblet7@gmail.com
Luiz Carlos Ribeiro
LC
Lamblet
Edilson Sant'Anna
ES
Meira
Silvana
S
Torres
Barbara Carvalho
BC
Ferreira
Sergio Dias
SD
Martucchi
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003288:Contusions / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement