Evaluating the risk of eye injuries: intraocular pressure during high speed projectile impacts.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the risk of eye injuries by determining intraocular pressure during high speed projectile impacts.


METHODS
A pneumatic cannon was used to impact eyes with a variety of projectiles at multiple velocities. Intraocular pressure was measured with a small pressure sensor inserted through the optic nerve. A total of 36 tests were performed on 12 porcine eyes with a range of velocities between 6.2 m/s and 66.5 m/s. Projectiles selected for the test series included a 6.35  mm diameter metal ball, a 9.25  mm diameter aluminum rod, and an 11.16  mm diameter aluminum rod. Experiments were designed with velocities in the range of projectile consumer products such as toy guns.


RESULTS
A range of intraocular pressures ranged between 2017 mmHg to 26,426 mmHg (39 psi-511 psi). Four of the 36 impacts resulted in globe rupture.


CONCLUSIONS
Intraocular pressures dramatically above normal physiological pressure were observed for high speed projectile impacts. These pressure data provide critical insight to chronic ocular injuries and long-term complications such as glaucoma and cataracts.
Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blacksburg, VA, USA. duma@vt.edu
Stefan M
SM
Duma
Jill A
JA
Bisplinghoff
Danielle M
DM
Senge
Craig
C
McNally
Vanessa D
VD
Alphonse
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013552:Swine; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*