Laser treatment of benign prostatic obstruction: basics and physical differences.
BACKGROUND
Laser treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) has become more prevalent in recent years. Although multiple surgical approaches exist, there is confusion about laser-tissue interaction, especially in terms of physical aspects and with respect to the optimal treatment modality.


OBJECTIVE
To compare available laser systems with respect to physical fundamentals and to discuss the similarities and differences among introduced laser devices.


METHODS
The paper is based on the second expert meeting on the laser treatment of BPO organised by the European Association of Urology Section of Uro-Technology. A systematic literature search was also carried out to cover the topic of laser treatment of BPO extensively.


RESULTS
The principles of generation of laser radiation, laser fibre construction, the types of energy emission, and laser-tissue interaction are discussed in detail for the laser systems used in the treatment of BPO. The most relevant laser systems are compared and their physical properties discussed in depth.


CONCLUSIONS
Laser treatment of BPO is gaining widespread acceptance. Detailed knowledge of the physical principles allows the surgeon to discriminate between available laser systems and their possible pitfalls to guarantee high safety levels for the patient.
Department of Urology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany.
Thorsten
T
Bach
Rolf
R
Muschter
Roland
R
Sroka
Stavros
S
Gravas
Andreas
A
Skolarikos
Thomas R W
TR
Herrmann
Thomas
T
Bayer
Thomas
T
Knoll
Claude-Clément
CC
Abbou
Guenter
G
Janetschek
Alexander
A
Bachmann
Jens J
JJ
Rassweiler
D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014524:Urethral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*