Can ethyl glucuronide in hair be determined only in 3 cm hair strands?
This paper addresses the suitability of ethyl glucuronide in hair (EtGH) strands other than 3cm for alcohol consumption. This issue will be addressed (a) by statistically comparing the distribution of EtGH results for 3cm hair strands to other hair strands analysed from 4126 cases and (b) by examining the stability of EtGH in an 8cm hair strand and two 12cm hair samples of two volunteers and a post-mortem case using 1cm segmental analysis. For 3464 driving license re-granting Medical and Psychological Assessment (MPA) cases, the detection of alcohol consumption using hair lengths longer than 3cm was never significantly less than for 3cm hair lengths, even up to 12cm hair lengths analysed non-segmented. For 662 non-MPA cases, where, in contrast to MPA cases, generally no abstinence was required, an increase in the EtGH positivity rate was observed with increasing hair length analysed up to 9cm, indicating that EtG-washout effects seem to play a minor role if any. For both MPA and non-MPA hair samples less than 3cm, a drastic, significant increase in the number of positive EtGH samples were observed, compared to 3cm hair lengths, strongly supportive of EtGH incorporation from sweat after a recent alcohol consumption. Segmental studies indicated that EtG is stable in the hair matrix up to 12cm long, hence supporting the above results. Even though both the statistical and the stability studies are preliminary results which need to be confirmed by other studies, they both provide evidence for the determination of alcohol consumption using EtGH in hair lengths longer than 3cm. Amendments to the Consensus of the Society of Hair Testing, the German driving license re-granting guidelines and EWDTS hair guidelines with respect to testing for abstinence and/or alcoholism are proposed for the benefit of the donors.
Labor Krone, Siemensstr. 40, 32105 Bad Salzuflen, Germany. ragius@laborkrone.de
Ronald
R
Agius
Liliane Martins
LM
Ferreira
Michel
M
Yegles
D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000032:analysis*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D012958:Societies, Scientific; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
D015415:Biomarkers; D005965:Glucuronates; C093924:ethyl glucuronide