Moderate effects of apple juice consumption on obesity-related markers in obese men: impact of diet-gene interaction on body fat content.
OBJECTIVE
The effect of polyphenol-rich cloudy apple juice (CloA) consumption on plasma parameters related to the obesity phenotype and potential effects of interactions between CloA and allelic variants in obesity candidate genes were assessed in obese men.


METHODS
In this controlled, randomized, and parallel study, n = 68, non-smoking, non-diabetic men with a BMI ≥27 kg/m(2) received 750 mL/day CloA (802.5 mg polyphenols) or 750 mL/day control beverage (CB, isocaloric equivalent to CloA) for 4 weeks. Further, study participants were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARγ (rs1801282), UCP3 (rs1800849), IL-6 (rs1800795), FABP2 (rs1799883), INSIG2 (rs7566605), and PGC1 (rs8192678) genes. At the beginning and at the end of intervention plasma lipids, distinct adipokines and cytokines as well as anthropometric parameters were determined.


RESULTS
CloA compared to CB had no significant effect on plasma lipids, plasma adipokine and cytokine levels, BMI, and waist circumference. However, CloA consumption significantly reduced percent body fat compared to CB (∆ % body fat: CloA: -1.0 ± 1.3 vs. CB: -0.2 ± 0.9, p < 0.05). The IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism showed an interaction with body fat reduction induced by CloA. Solely in C/C, but not in G/C or G/G variants, a significant reduction in body fat after 4 weeks of CloA intervention was detectable.


CONCLUSIONS
The observed diet-gene interaction might be a first indication for the impact of individual genetic background on CloA-mediated bioactivity on obesity-associated comorbidities.
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Stephan W
SW
Barth
Tatiana C L
TC
Koch
Bernhard
B
Watzl
Helmut
H
Dietrich
Frank
F
Will
Achim
A
Bub
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001628:Beverages; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
D054392:Adipokines; C493404:FABP2 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; C467727:INSIG2 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D008055:Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3