Gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: have the alarm bells been silenced?
We review the current approach to using gadoliniumbased contrast agents taking into account data published in the literature and US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) guidelines.
Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Policlinico Universitario Campus di Germaneto, Università degli Studi Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. tamburrini@unicz.it
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Tamburrini
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Balducci
D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D054989:Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium