Bone tissue engineering: current strategies and techniques--part I: Scaffolds.
Bone repair and regeneration is a dynamic process that involves a complex interplay between the (1) ground substance, (2) cells, and (3) milieu. While each constituent is integral to the final product, it is often helpful to consider each component individually. Therefore, we created a two-part review to examine scaffolds and cells' roles in bone tissue engineering. In Part I, we review the myriad of materials use for in vivo bone engineering. In Part II, we discuss the variety cell types (e.g., osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and vasculogenic cells) that are seeded upon or recruited to these scaffolds. In Part III, we discuss the optimization of the microenvironment. The biochemical processes and sequence of events that guide matrix production, cellular activation, and ossification are vital to developing successful bone tissue engineering strategies and are thus succinctly reviewed herein.
Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Laboratory, New York, New York, USA.
Caroline
C
Szpalski
Meredith
M
Wetterau
Jason
J
Barr
Stephen M
SM
Warren
D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D018795:Device Approval; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate