Comparative immunohistochemical study of ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
Ameloblastic carcinoma combines the histologic features of ameloblastoma with cytologic atypia, regardless of whether it has metastasized. Because of its rarity, there are few immunoprofile studies of ameloblastic carcinoma and few comparative studies of ameloblastic carcinoma and ameloblastoma. In this study, we compared the expression levels of cytokeratins (CKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and Ki-67 between ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma, and assessed the usefulness of these markers for differentiating the tumors.


METHODS
We assessed CK7, CK14, CK18, CK19, MMP-2, MMP-9, and Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry in 10 cases of ameloblastoma and 7 cases of ameloblastic carcinoma and then compared expression patterns between the 2 groups.


RESULTS
Immunostaining for CK14 and CK19 was diffuse and strongly positive in both tumor types, but staining for CK7 was focally positive in only 1 case of ameloblastoma and absent in all cases of ameloblastic carcinoma. However, there was a significant difference in CK18 expression between the 2 tumors (P = .000). Whereas 80% of ameloblastomas showed negative reactivity for CK18, most cases of ameloblastic carcinomas showed a moderate to strong intensity of immunostaining for CK18. Regarding the expression of MMPs, there were significant differences in parenchymal MMP-2 and stromal MMP-9 expression between the 2 tumors. Compared to ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma showed significantly strong expression of MMP-2 in parenchymal cells (P = .001) and MMP-9 in stromal cells (P = .013). However, there were no differences in MMP-2 expression of stromal cells and MMP-9 expression of parenchymal cells between ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma. The mean Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of ameloblastic carcinomas was 17.21%, which was significantly higher than that of ameloblastomas (3.57%; P = .002).


CONCLUSIONS
The significant expression of CK18, parenchymal MMP-2, stromal MMP-9, and Ki-67 could provide useful markers for differentiating ameloblastic carcinoma from ameloblastoma.
Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Hye-Jung
HJ
Yoon
Byoung-Chan
BC
Jo
Wui-Jung
WJ
Shin
Young-Ah
YA
Cho
Jae-Il
JI
Lee
Sam-Pyo
SP
Hong
Seong-Doo
SD
Hong
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000564:Ameloblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053547:Keratin-14 / Q000032:analysis; D053538:Keratin-18 / Q000032:analysis; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000032:analysis; D053552:Keratin-7 / Q000032:analysis; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009808:Odontogenic Tumors / Q000473:pathology*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D053547:Keratin-14; D053538:Keratin-18; D053539:Keratin-19; D053552:Keratin-7; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9