Tobacco smoking and suicidal ideation in school-aged children 12-15 years old: impact of cultural differences.
This cross-sectional study examined the association between tobacco smoking and suicidal ideation in school-aged children from 9 countries in Africa, the Americas, and the Western Pacific region. Data were collected through the Global school-based Student Health Survey, a collaborative surveillance project between the World Health Organization, the United Nations, UNICEF, UNESCO, UNAIDS, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suicidal ideation, tobacco smoking, and drug and alcohol use were included in loglinear models to analyze higher order interactions among suicidality and regional and country differences separately for boys and girls. School-aged children who reported suicidal ideation had a higher risk of smoking tobacco even after controlling for drug and alcohol misuse. Furthermore, analyses indicated higher order interactions between suicidal ideation and countries belonging to different regions with different exposure to tobacco smoking among school-aged children. Future studies analyzing the mechanism and sequencing of the relationship among suicidal ideation and tobacco smoking should explore cultural factors.
Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Marco
M
Innamorati
Diego
D
De Leo
Zoltan
Z
Rihmer
Gianluca
G
Serafini
Roberto
R
Brugnoli
David
D
Lester
Mario
M
Amore
Maurizio
M
Pompili
Paolo
P
Girardi
D000293:Adolescent; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation