Ginseng total saponin improves podocyte hyperpermeability induced by high glucose and advanced glycosylation endproducts.
Early diabetic nephropathy is characterized by glomerular hyperpermeability as a result of impaired glomerular filtration structure caused by hyperglycemia, glycated proteins or irreversible advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGE). To investigate the effect of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on the pathologic changes of podocyte ZO (zonula occludens)-1 protein and podocyte permeability induced by diabetic conditions, we cultured mouse podocytes under: 1) normal glucose (5 mM, = control); 2) high glucose (HG, 30 mM); 3) AGE-added; or 4) HG plus AGE-added conditions and treated with GTS. HG and AGE increased the dextran filtration of monolayered podocytes at early stage (2-8 hr) in permeability assay. In confocal imaging, ZO-1 colocalized with actin filaments and β-catenin at cell contact areas, forming intercellular filtration gaps. However, these diabetic conditions suppressed ZO-1 immunostainings and disrupted the linearity of ZO-1. In Western blotting, diabetic conditions also decreased cellular ZO-1 protein levels at 6 hr and 24 hr. GTS improved such quantitative and qualitative changes. These findings imply that HG and AGE have an influence on the redistribution and amount of ZO-1 protein of podocytes thereby causing hyperpermeability at early stage, which can be reversed by GTS.
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea. tsha@chungbuk.ac.kr
Tae-Sun
TS
Ha
Ji-Young
JY
Choi
Hye-Young
HY
Park
Jin-Seok
JS
Lee
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D005894:Panax; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050199:Podocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012503:Saponins; C569043:Tjp1 protein, mouse; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D005947:Glucose