Roles of prostaglandin E2 in cardiovascular diseases.
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) is produced in inflammatory responses and regulates a variety of immunological reactions through 4 different receptor subtypes; EP1, 2, 3 and 4. However, the precise role of each receptor in cardiovascular disease has not yet been elucidated. Enhanced expression of some EPs has been observed in clinical and experimental cardiovascular diseases. EP agonists have been developed to clarify the role of each receptor.  Recently, we developed a novel selective agonist to examine the effects of EP4 on cardiac transplantation, myocardial ischemia, and myocarditis. Of note, a selective EP4 agonist attenuated inflammatory cytokines and chemokines via attenuation of macrophage activation in inflammatory heart diseases. In this review article, we discuss the effects of PGE(2) receptor agonists on the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Jun-ichi
J
Suzuki
Masahito
M
Ogawa
Ryo
R
Watanabe
Kiyoshi
K
Takayama
Yasunobu
Y
Hirata
Ryozo
R
Nagai
Mitsuaki
M
Isobe
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000502:physiology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology*; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D015232:Dinoprostone