Mesenchymal stem cells restore frataxin expression and increase hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes in Friedreich ataxia fibroblasts.
Dramatic advances in recent decades in understanding the genetics of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA)--a GAA triplet expansion causing greatly reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin--have thus far yielded no therapeutic dividend, since there remain no effective treatments that prevent or even slow the inevitable progressive disability in affected individuals. Clinical interventions that restore frataxin expression are attractive therapeutic approaches, as, in theory, it may be possible to re-establish normal function in frataxin deficient cells if frataxin levels are increased above a specific threshold. With this in mind several drugs and cytokines have been tested for their ability to increase frataxin levels. Cell transplantation strategies may provide an alternative approach to this therapeutic aim, and may also offer more widespread cellular protective roles in FRDA. Here we show a direct link between frataxin expression in fibroblasts derived from FRDA patients with both decreased expression of hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity. We demonstrate that normal human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce both an increase in frataxin gene and protein expression in FRDA fibroblasts via secretion of soluble factors. Finally, we show that exposure to factors produced by human MSCs increases resistance to hydrogen peroxide-mediated toxicity in FRDA fibroblasts through, at least in part, restoring the expression of the hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1. These findings suggest, for the first time, that stem cells may increase frataxin levels in FRDA and transplantation of MSCs may offer an effective treatment for these patients.
Multiple Sclerosis and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. kevin.kemp@bristol.ac.uk
Kevin
K
Kemp
Elizabeth
E
Mallam
Kelly
K
Hares
Jonathan
J
Witherick
Neil
N
Scolding
Alastair
A
Wilkins
D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D005621:Friedreich Ataxia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; D000096923:Frataxin
D002374:Catalase; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D000094765:Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; D000096923:Frataxin; C000722067:GPX1 protein, human