[HPV-associated carcinomas of the female genital tract. Molecular mechanisms of development].
Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a common occurrence in both men and women. In contrast HPV-associated neoplasias are relatively rare and occur only in certain areas of the body. The virus has obviously developed efficient mechanisms for its persistence without inducing too much damage to the host. The formation of neoplasia seems to be more an exception. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of viral gene expression. Investigations have indicated that exactly the transition from the permissive infection stage to a transformation stage, where neoplastic alterations can occur due to expression of the viral oncogenes, is associated with certain methylation patterns of the viral genome which promote the expression of the oncogenes E6 and E7. The transforming stage is seen as the actual carcinogenic event and can be immunohistochemically detected by the biomarker p16(INK4a).
Abteilung für Angewandte Tumorbiologie, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland. miriam.reuschenbach@med.uni-heidelberg.de
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Vinokurova
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von Knebel Doeberitz
D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D012897:Slow Virus Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000235:genetics; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral