Detection of DNA mismatch repair proteins in fresh human blood lymphocytes--towards a novel method for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) screening.
BACKGROUND
A broad population-based assay to detect individuals with Lynch Syndrome (LS) before they develop cancer would save lives and healthcare dollars via cancer prevention. LS is caused by a germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene, especially protein truncation-causing mutations involving MSH2 or MLH1. We showed that immortalized lymphocytes from LS patients have reduced levels of full-length MLH1 or MSH2 proteins. Thus, it may be feasible to identify LS patients in a broad population-based assay by detecting reduced levels of MMR proteins in lymphocytes.


METHODS
Accordingly, we determined whether MSH2 and MLH1 proteins can also be detected in fresh lymphocytes. A quantitative western blot assay was developed using two commercially available monoclonal antibodies that we showed are specific for detecting full-length MLH1 or MSH2. To directly determine the ratio of the levels of these MMR proteins, we used both antibodies in a multiplex-type western blot.


RESULTS
MLH1 and MSH2 levels were often not detectable in fresh lymphocytes, but were readily detectable if fresh lymphocytes were first stimulated with PHA. In fresh lymphocytes from normal controls, the MMR ratio was ~1.0. In fresh lymphocytes from patients (N > 50) at elevated risk for LS, there was a bimodal distribution of MMR ratios (range: 0.3-1.0).


CONCLUSIONS
Finding that MMR protein levels can be measured in fresh lymphocytes, and given that cells with heterozygote MMR mutations have reduced levels of full-length MMR proteins, suggests that our immunoassay could be advanced to a quantitative test for screening populations at high risk for LS.
CATX Inc., Gladwyne, PA 19035, USA.
Samar
S
Hassen
Bruce M
BM
Boman
Nawab
N
Ali
Marcie
M
Parker
Chandra
C
Somerman
Zohra J
ZJ
Ali-Khan Catts
Akhtar A
AA
Ali
Jeremy Z
JZ
Fields
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000235:genetics; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein