Hepatitis C virus infection: molecular pathways to insulin resistance.
Chronic Hepatitis C virus has the potential of inducing insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in vitro as well as in vivo . Structural and non-structural proteins of HCV modulate cellular gene expression in such a way that insulin signaling is hampered, concomitantly leads toward diabetes mellitus. A number of mechanisms have been proposed in regard to the HCV induced insulin resistance involving the upregulation of Inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, hypophosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2, phosphorylation of Akt, up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes, accumulation of lipids and targeting lipid storage organelles. This review provides an insight of molecular mechanisms by which HCV structural and non-structural proteins can induce insulin resistance.
NUST Center of Virology and Immunology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Fahed
F
Parvaiz
Sobia
S
Manzoor
Huma
H
Tariq
Farakh
F
Javed
Kaneez
K
Fatima
Ishtiaq
I
Qadri
D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005947:Glucose