Tuned galvanostatic polarization of solid-state lead-selective electrodes for lowering of the detection limit.
Lowering of the detection limit of solid-state lead-selective electrodes was achieved by using the tuned galvanostatic polarization method. A Nernstian response was obtained down to nanomolar concentrations (low detection limit 10(-9) mol dm(-3)Pb(2+)). Good repeatability of the calibration curves was achieved by using a well established measuring procedure. Relatively high cathodic current densities were applied to the solid-state membrane in order to shorten the measurement time. Successful determination of lead in a synthetic sample (pPb(2+)=7.97±0.08) was achieved by introducing an analytical protocol and favourably compared to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (pPb=7.93). By applying this method, a significant improvement in the detection limit of solid-state lead-selective electrodes was attained.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology ProSens, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland.
Grzegorz
G
Lisak
Tomasz
T
Sokalski
Johan
J
Bobacka
Leo
L
Harju
Konstantin
K
Mikhelson
Andrzej
A
Lewenstam