Trends in wrist fractures in children and adolescents, 1997-2009.
OBJECTIVE
Distal radius and carpal fractures in children and adolescents represent approximately 25% of all pediatric fractures. Incidence rates and causes of these fractures change over time owing to changes in activities and risk factors. The purpose of this study was to examine recent population-based trends in incidence and causes of wrist fractures in children and adolescents.


METHODS
We obtained data from the Dutch Injury Surveillance System of emergency department visits of 15 geographically distributed hospitals, and from the National Hospital Discharge Registry. This included a representative sample of outpatients and inpatients, respectively. We calculated incidence rates of wrist fractures per 100,000 person-years for each year between 1997 and 2009. Using Poisson's regression, we analyzed trends for children and adolescents 5 to 9, 10 to 14, and 15 to 19 years of age separately for boys and girls.


RESULTS
During the study period, incidence rates increased significantly in boys and girls 5 to 9 and 10 to 14 years of age, with the strongest increase in the age group 10 to 14 years. The observed increases were mainly due to increased incidence rates during soccer and gymnastics at school.


CONCLUSIONS
This population-based study revealed a substantial sports-related increase in the incidence rate of wrist fractures in boys and girls aged 5 to 9 and 10 to 14 years in the period 1997 to 2009.


CONCLUSIONS
With knowledge of the epidemiology of wrist fractures, prevention programs can be improved. From this study, we know that the incidence rate of wrist fractures in childhood is increasing, mainly as a result of soccer and gymnastics at school. Future sport injury research and surveillance data are necessary to develop new prevention programs based on identifying and addressing specific risk factors, especially in young athletes.
Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam. ddeputter@gmail.com
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van Beeck
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D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult