Image-guided fiberoptic molecular imaging in a VX2 rabbit lung tumor model.
OBJECTIVE
To show the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) image-guided fiberoptic confocal fluorescence molecular imaging in a rabbit lung tumor model.


METHODS
Eight lung tumor models were created by injection of a VX2 cell suspension. The fluorescent imaging agent IntegriSense 680 was given to the animals 3.5-4 hours before the procedure. CT images were obtained and transferred to the minimally invasive multimodality image-guided (MIMIG) system as a guidance map. A real-time electromagnetically tracked needle was inserted under the visual guidance of the MIMIG system. A second CT image was obtained to confirm the location of the needle tip. Next, fiberoptic fluorescence imaging was acquired along the needle track. Finally, tumor samples were obtained for histopathologic confirmation.


RESULTS
All cases were performed during breath-hold. Tumor size was 12.5 mm ± 1.6; the distance from the chest wall was 2.1 mm ± 0.5. The needle tip reached the tumor in all cases with an accuracy of 3.3 mm ± 1.6. Only one skin entry point was necessary, and no needle adjustments were required. No pneumothorax was observed. At least two-fold α(v)β(3) integrin image contrast was detected in the tumor compared with normal lung tissue. Tumor samples were confirmed to have viable VX2 cells and contrast uptake.


CONCLUSIONS
The MIMIG system enables effective in situ fluorescence molecular imaging in a needle biopsy lung procedure. In situ α(v)β(3) integrin molecular imaging allows molecular characterization of lung tumors at multiple regions and can be used to guide biopsy procedures.
Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Miguel
M
Valdivia Y Alvarado
Kelvin
K
Wong
Tian Cheng
TC
He
Zhong
Z
Xue
Stephen T
ST
Wong
D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes