A longitudinal study of psychological distress in women with breast symptoms.
The aim of the study was to measure psychological distress in women with breast symptoms over a period of three months following an outpatient appointment at a rapid access symptomatic breast clinic. Women were recruited (N = 150) at the weekly clinic and psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the General Health Questionnaire-12 and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Information on age and diagnosis was collected from medical notes. Measures were repeated at two weeks and at three months. Participants were divided into three diagnostic categories: B 1 (benign diagnosis at clinic); B2 (benign after further investigations); and M (breast cancer). Overall, scores of anxiety and GHQ-12 decreased significantly during the follow- up period. However, participants in the B2 group remained significantly more distressed than the rest of the sample throughout the experimental period. Depression remained within the normal range throughout the follow-up period for all categories. The study suggests a relationship between symptomatic breast disease and psychological distress.
North Warwickshire Community NHS Trust, UK.
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RA
Howard
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PG
Harvey