Rectal balloon training as add-on therapy to pelvic floor muscle training in adults with fecal incontinence: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
Fecal incontinence (FI) is embarrassing, resulting in poor quality of life. Rectal sensation may be more important than sphincter strength to relieve symptoms. A single-blind, randomized controlled trial among adults with FI compared the effectiveness of rectal balloon training (RBT) and pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) versus PFMT alone.


METHODS
We randomized 80 patients, recruited from the Maastricht University Medical Centre. Primary outcome was based on the Vaizey score. Secondary outcomes were the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL), 9-point global perceived effect (GPE) score, anorectal manometry, rectal distension volumes, and thresholds of anorectal sensation. Analyses were by intention-to-treat.


RESULTS
Forty patients were assigned to combined RBT with PFMT and 40 to PFMT alone. Adding RBT did not result in a significant improvement in the Vaizey score [mean difference: -1.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.79 to 1.42; P = 0.37]. Secondary outcomes favoring RBT were: Lifestyle subscale of the FIQL (0.37; 95% CI: 0.02-0.73; P = 0.04), GPE (-1.01; 95% CI: -1.75 to -0.27; P = 0.008), maximum tolerable volume (49.35; 95% CI: 13.26-85.44; P = 0.009), and external anal sphincter fatigue (0.65; 95% CI: 0.26-1.04; P = 0.001). Overall, 50% of patients were considered improved according to the estimated minimally important change (Vaizey change ≥-5).


CONCLUSIONS
RBT with PFMT was equally effective as PFMT alone. Secondary outcomes show beneficial effects of RBT on urgency control, GPE, and lifestyle adaptations. Characteristics of patients who benefit most from RBT remain to be confirmed.
Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. emj.bols@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Esther
E
Bols
Bary
B
Berghmans
Rob
R
de Bie
Bas
B
Govaert
Bart
B
van Wunnik
Martijn
M
Heymans
Erik
E
Hendriks
Cor
C
Baeten
D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000502:physiology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011788:Quality of Life; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome