Concomitant presence of endothelial nitric oxide 894T and angiotensin II-converting enzyme D alleles are associated with diabetic nephropathy in a Kurdish population from Western Iran.
OBJECTIVE
The present study investigated the influence of insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism of the angiotensin II-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in combination with endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) G894T polymorphism on the predisposition to diabetic nephropathy (DN).


METHODS
Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, the ACE and eNOS polymorphisms were genotyped in 72 microalbuminuric, 68 macroalbuminuric and 72 normoalbuinuric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients from Western Iran.


RESULTS
The presence of eNOS T or ACE D allele was not associated with increased risk of macroalbuminuria (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, P = 0.27 and OR = 1.6, P = 0.062, respectively). However, in the presence of both alleles there was a trend towards increased risk of macroalbuminuria (fivefold, P = 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates that the concomitant presence of both ACE D and eNOS T alleles tends to be associated with an elevation risk of macroalbuminuria compared with the presence of each polymorphism alone. This risk could be attributed to the increasing activity of ACE and angiotensin II level in the presence of D allele and decreasing NO production in the presence of T allele accelerating diabetic nephropathy.
Medical Biology Research Center, Medical School, PO Box 67148-69914, Daneshgah Avenue, Kermanshah, Iran. zrahimi@kums.ac.ir
Zohreh
Z
Rahimi
Asad
A
Vaisi-Raygani
Ziba
Z
Rahimi
Abbas
A
Parsian
D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A