Necessity for re-vascularization after spinal cord injury and the search for potential therapeutic options.
Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and microvascular changes leading to reduction of blood supply represent hallmarks of spinal cord secondary injury causing further deterioration of the traumatized patient. Injury to the blood vessels starts with prominent hemorrhage and generation of inflammation. Furthermore, spinal cord ischemia and extravasation of blood components contribute to edema formation resulting in death of neural cells. Endogenous attempts of re-vascularization have been observed although these newly formed vessels display morphological and functional abnormalities. The unfavorable regulation of angiogenic and counterregulatory anti-angiogenic factors during the complicated course of vessel remodeling after SCI is suspected to participate in the failure of re-vascularization and vessel stabilization. Repression of the expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) contributes to vessel regression. Therefore, therapeutic applications of angiogenic factors following SCI are promising strategies to restore blood flow in the lesion.
Swiss Paraplegic Research, Spinal Injury Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland.
Ursula
U
Graumann
Marie-Françoise
MF
Ritz
Oliver
O
Hausmann
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents