Androgens and breast cancer.
The role of androgens on breast cancer development and progression has not been fully elucidated. Several in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that androgens have an inhibitory effect on the mammary epithelium, whereas the majority of epidemiological studies report a positive association between high androgen levels and risk of breast cancer. Expression of the androgen receptor is a positive prognostic factor. Understanding the role of androgens in breast carcinogenesis is important because many women use testosterone replacement for the alleviation of symptoms brought on by menopause, in particular high-risk women who undergo surgical menopause at an early age. We overview the literature examining a role of androgens in the etiology of breast cancer.
Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Joanne
J
Kotsopoulos
Steven A
SA
Narod
D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001940:Breast / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
C410798:AR protein, human; D000728:Androgens; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D004967:Estrogens; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D013739:Testosterone