Low- and high-dose plant and marine (n-3) fatty acids do not affect plasma inflammatory markers in adults with metabolic syndrome.
Chronic inflammation is considered to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Various (n-3) fatty acids (FA) have been reported to have antiinflammatory effects, but there is a lack of consensus in this area, particularly in regard to optimal source(s) and dose(s). This study aimed to determine the effects of high and low doses of (n-3) FA from plant and marine sources on plasma inflammatory marker concentrations. One-hundred adults with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a low or high dose of plant- (2.2 or 6.6 g/d α-linolenic acid) or marine- (1.2 or 3.6 g/d EPA and DHA) derived (n-3) FA or placebo for 8 wk, using a parallel arm design (n = 20/arm). Fasting blood samples collected at 0, 4, and 8 wk were analyzed for concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and for cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline concentrations across all 5 groups combined were (mean ± SD) 103 ± 32 ng/L for MCP-1, 1.06 ± 0.56 ng/L for IL-6, and 0.197 ± 0.041 ng/L for sICAM-1. There were no significant differences in 8-wk changes in plasma inflammatory marker concentrations among the 5 groups. Plasma TG and blood pressure decreased significantly more and the LDL cholesterol concentration increased more in the high-dose fish oil group compared to the 8-wk changes in some of the other 4 groups (P ≤ 0.04). In conclusion, no beneficial effects were detected for any of the 3 inflammatory markers investigated in response to (n-3) FA in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dose or source.
Stanford Prevention Research Center and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Antonella
A
Dewell
Farshad Fani
FF
Marvasti
William S
WS
Harris
Philip
P
Tsao
Christopher D
CD
Gardner
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003625:Data Collection; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D008043:Linseed Oil