Analysis of cathepsin-K levels in biologic fluids from healthy or diseased natural teeth and dental implants.
OBJECTIVE
Cathepsin-K is an enzyme involved in bone metabolism. This feature may make it important both for natural teeth and dental implants. The aims of the present study were to comparatively analyze cathepsin-K levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) and to determine whether GCF and PISF cathepsin-K profiles reflect the clinical periodontal/peri-implant status.


METHODS
Clinical parameters (probing depth, Gingival Index, Plaque Index, and bleeding on probing) were recorded, and GCF/PISF samples were obtained from natural teeth (group T) and dental implants (group I), which were divided into groups based on health (clinically healthy, gingivitis/peri-implant mucositis, and periodontitis/peri-implantitis). Cathepsin-K activity was determined with a commercially available cathepsin-K activity assay kit (BioVision).


RESULTS
Sixty natural teeth and 68 dental implants were examined. Teeth with periodontitis (group T-3) showed significantly higher total cathepsin-K activity (10.39 units) than teeth with gingivitis (group T-2, 1.71 units) and healthy teeth (group T-1, 1.90 units). The difference in cathepsin-K activity between groups T-2 and T-1 was not significant. Implants with peri-implantitis (group I-3) had higher total enzyme activity (10.26 units) than healthy implants (group I-1) (3.44 units). Although the difference between clinical parameters was not significant, group I-3 had higher cathepsin-K levels than group I-2 (4.74 units). When natural teeth (T-1, T-2, T-3) were compared to implants (I-1, I-2, I-3), no significant differences were observed for cathepsin-K levels.


CONCLUSIONS
More cathepsin-K activity was clearly observed with inflammatory periodontal and peri-implant destruction. The highest cathepsin-K levels detected in GCF and PISF samples, obtained from sites with periodontitis and peri-implantitis, suggests the potential involvement of cathespin-K in increased bone metabolism around natural teeth and dental implants.
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Nermin
N
Yamalik
Sevim
S
Günday
Kamer
K
Kilinc
Erdem
E
Karabulut
Ezel
E
Berker
Tolga F
TF
Tözüm
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology; D056657:Cathepsin K / Q000032:analysis*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000201:enzymology; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000201:enzymology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology; D010519:Periodontium / Q000201:enzymology; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000201:enzymology; D055815:Young Adult
D015921:Dental Implants; D056657:Cathepsin K