Promysalin, a salicylate-containing Pseudomonas putida antibiotic, promotes surface colonization and selectively targets other Pseudomonas.
Under control of the Gac regulatory system, Pseudomonas putida RW10S1 produces promysalin to promote its own swarming and biofilm formation, and to selectively inhibit many other pseudomonads, including the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This amphipathic antibiotic is composed of salicylic acid and 2,8-dihydroxymyristamide bridged by a unique 2-pyrroline-5-carboxyl moiety. In addition to enzymes for salicylic acid synthesis and activation, the biosynthetic gene cluster encodes divergent type II fatty acid biosynthesis components, unusual fatty acid-tailoring enzymes (two Rieske-type oxygenases and an amidotransferase), an enzyme resembling a proline-loading module of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and the first prokaryotic member of the BAHD family of plant acyltransferases. Identification of biosynthetic intermediates enabled to propose a pathway for synthesis of this bacterial colonization factor.
Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee-Leuven 3001, Belgium.
Wen
W
Li
Paulina
P
Estrada-de los Santos
Sandra
S
Matthijs
Guan-Lin
GL
Xie
Roger
R
Busson
Pierre
P
Cornelis
Jef
J
Rozenski
René
R
De Mot
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012457:Salicylamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000378:metabolism*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D012457:Salicylamides; D012459:Salicylates; C571083:promysalin; D011392:Proline; D010105:Oxygenases