Incidence of complications after transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsy of the prostate in a local tertiary institution.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of complications for patients who received periprosthetic nerve block (PPNB) with one percent lignocaine before transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate.


METHODS
From 2008 to 2009, data on 526 consecutive patients who underwent prostate biopsy was prospectively recorded and analysed. 475 (90.3 percent) patients received PPNB with 10 ml of one percent lignocaine (Group 1), which was carried out under TRUS-guidance and prior to biopsy. 51 (9.7 percent) patients received diclofenac (100 mg) intramuscular injections or no analgesia (Group 2). Complications were defined as any adverse effects after biopsy. Serious complications were defined as those requiring hospitalisation or invasive/operative procedures for treatment.


RESULTS
At baseline, both groups were comparable. The mean prostate-specific antigen level in Group 1 was higher than that in Group 2 (48.6 +/- 13.8 versus 19.0 +/- 4.3 ng/ml; p-value is 0.04). There was no perioperative mortality. Post-procedural complications were reported in 23.4 percent (n is 111) of patients in Group 1 and 25.5 percent (n is 13) in Group 2 (p-value is 0.27). Serious complications were reported in 2.5 percent (n is 12) and 7.1 percent (n is 3) of Group 1 and 2 patients (p-value is 0.10), respectively. Both univariable and logistic regression revealed age below 65 years and pre-procedure complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms as independent predictors for complications (p-values are 0.02 and 0.006, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
PPNB with one percent lignocaine is a safe analgesic procedure to perform in patients undergoing TRUS biopsy.
Department of Urology, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 8, Singapore 119228.
M W F
MW
Wu
E M
EM
Sevilla
L
L
Raman
D
D
Consigliere
W Y
WY
Siow
H Y
HY
Tiong
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
D008012:Lidocaine