Microbiota and autoimmune disease: the hosted self.
The trillions of microbial symbionts normally hosted by mammals have important influences on the development and function of the immune system. We highlight recently discovered cellular and molecular mechanisms by which they impact autoimmune diseases--in particular, gut-distal disorders. Besides provoking a reconsideration of the definition of immunological "self" and "nonself," these new findings evoke exciting possibilities for the discovery of a whole new class of immunomodulatory molecules.
Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. cbdm@hms.harvard.edu
Diane
D
Mathis
Christophe
C
Benoist
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D044822:Biodiversity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D054892:Metagenome