Pharmacokinetic evaluation of olopatadine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.
BACKGROUND
Olopatadine hydrochloride is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer available in three forms, including oral, intranasal and ocular preparations. Most of the practical applications focus on the use of olopatadine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis via intranasal and ocular routes.


METHODS
This article was formed from a comprehensive literature search with information taken from meta-analyses, systematic reviews, treatment guidelines and clinical studies on children and adults. Articles that have been selected evaluate the use of intranasal and ocular antihistamines and their role in allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.


CONCLUSIONS
Olopatadine is significantly more effective than placebos in alleviating the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Olopatadine is a viable alternative and addition to the mainstay therapy of these conditions with intranasal steroids and oral antihistamines. The compliance of the patients would be improved if a once-per-day formulation of olopatadine was developed for intranasal application. The future treatments of allergic rhinitis will probably involve a combination of intranasal antihistamine and steroid because clinical trials have demonstrated an improved efficacy without a significant increase in adverse effects.
University of Chicago, University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 4064, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Andrew S
AS
Nickels
Vesselin
V
Dimov
Raoul
R
Wolf
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000284:Administration, Oral; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy*
D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride