Exploring the Fasciola hepatica tegument proteome.
The surface tegument of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is a syncytial cytoplasmic layer bounded externally by a plasma membrane and covered by a glycocalyx, which constitutes the interface between the parasite and its ruminant host. The tegument's interaction with the immune system during the fluke's protracted migration from the gut lumen through the peritoneal cavity and liver parenchyma to the lumen of the bile duct, plays a key role in the fluke's establishment or elimination. However, little is known about proteins of the tegument surface or its secretions. We applied techniques developed for the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, to enrich a tegument surface membrane preparation and analyse its composition by tandem mass spectrometry using new transcript databases for F. hepatica. We increased the membrane and secretory pathway components of the final preparation to ∼30%, whilst eliminating contaminating proteases. We identified a series of proteins or transcripts shared with the schistosome tegument including annexins, a tetraspanin, carbonic anhydrase and an orthologue of a host protein (CD59) that inhibits complement fixation. Unique to F. hepatica, we also found proteins with lectin, cubulin and von Willebrand factor domains plus 10 proteins with leader sequences or transmembrane helices. Many of these surface proteins are potential vaccine candidates. We were hampered in collecting tegument secretions by the propensity of liver flukes, unlike blood flukes, to vomit their gut contents. We analysed both the 'vomitus' and a second supernatant released from haematin-depleted flukes. We identified many proteases, some novel, as well as a second protein with a von Willebrand factor domain. This study demonstrates that components of the tegumental surface of F. hepatica can be defined using proteomic approaches, but also indicates the need to prevent vomiting if tegument secretions are to be characterised.
Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom. raw3@york.ac.uk
R Alan
RA
Wilson
Janelle M
JM
Wright
William
W
de Castro-Borges
Sophie J
SJ
Parker-Manuel
Adam A
AA
Dowle
Peter D
PD
Ashton
Neil D
ND
Young
Robin B
RB
Gasser
Terry W
TW
Spithill
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics
D015801:Helminth Proteins; D020543:Proteome