Two-dimensional imaging of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission from the human skin: role of reactive oxygen species.
In the human skin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced continuously during oxidative metabolic processes (cellular respiration, oxidative burst) are essential for various cellular processes such as defense against infection, cellular signaling and apoptosis. On the other hand, when the formation of ROS exceeds a capacity of the non-enzymatic and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, ROS cause the damage to the human skin known to initiate premature skin aging and skin cancer. In this study, two-dimensional spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission from the human skin has been measured using a highly sensitive charged coupled device (CCD) camera. It is demonstrated here that two-dimensional ultra-weak photon emission from the human skin increases with the topical application of exogenous ROS in the following order: hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) < superoxide anion radical (O₂•⁻) < hydroxyl radical (HO•). We propose here that the two-dimensional ultra-weak photon emission can be used as a non-invasive tool for the spatial and temporal monitoring of oxidative stress in the human skin.
Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Ankush
A
Prasad
Pavel
P
Pospišil
D000328:Adult; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010783:Photometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017785:Photons; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology; D019820:Xanthine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
C045076:Fenton's reagent; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase