Alcohol and substance use in liver transplant patients.
In this article the epidemiology of substance use and substance disorders in the United States and their association with liver disease are reviewed. The relevance of tobacco use and issues of candidacy as it pertains to substance use are discussed. The use of alcohol while on the waitlist and short sobriety are also addressed. The merits of monitoring of patients are discussed, and the outcomes of these patients after liver transplantation are examined. The article concludes with a summary of recommendations for clinicians working with these patients and possible future directions for both clinical care and research.
Consultation Liaison to the Liver Transplant Program, Starzl Transplant Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA. dimartiniaf@upmc.edu
Andrea
A
DiMartini
Catherine
C
Crone
Mary Amanda
MA
Dew
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D058625:End Stage Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000941:ethics / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014850:Waiting Lists