Adeno-associated virus type 2 modulates the host DNA damage response induced by herpes simplex virus 1 during coinfection.
Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) is a human parvovirus that relies on a helper virus for efficient replication. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) supplies helper functions and changes the environment of the cell to promote AAV2 replication. In this study, we examined the accumulation of cellular replication and repair proteins at viral replication compartments (RCs) and the influence of replicating AAV2 on HSV-1-induced DNA damage responses (DDR). We observed that the ATM kinase was activated in cells coinfected with AAV2 and HSV-1. We also found that phosphorylated ATR kinase and its cofactor ATR-interacting protein were recruited into AAV2 RCs, but ATR signaling was not activated. DNA-PKcs, another main kinase in the DDR, was degraded during HSV-1 infection in an ICP0-dependent manner, and this degradation was markedly delayed during AAV2 coinfection. Furthermore, we detected phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs during AAV2 but not HSV-1 replication. The AAV2-mediated delay in DNA-PKcs degradation affected signaling through downstream substrates. Overall, our results demonstrate that coinfection with HSV-1 and AAV2 provokes a cellular DDR which is distinct from that induced by HSV-1 alone.
Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Rebecca
R
Vogel
Michael
M
Seyffert
Regina
R
Strasser
Anna P
AP
de Oliveira
Christiane
C
Dresch
Daniel L
DL
Glauser
Nelly
N
Jolinon
Anna
A
Salvetti
Matthew D
MD
Weitzman
Mathias
M
Ackermann
Cornel
C
Fraefel
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D060085:Coinfection / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases