An apoplastic h-type thioredoxin is involved in the stress response through regulation of the apoplastic reactive oxygen species in rice.
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a multigenic family of proteins in plants that play a critical role in redox balance regulation through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. There are 10 members of the h-type Trxs in rice (Oryza sativa), and none of them has been clearly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that OsTRXh1, a subgroup I h-type Trx in rice, possesses reduction activity in vitro and complements the hydrogen peroxide sensitivity of Trx-deficient yeast mutants. OsTRXh1 is ubiquitously expressed in rice, and its expression is induced by salt and abscisic acid treatments. Intriguingly, OsTRXh1 is secreted into the extracellular space, and salt stress in the apoplast of rice induces its expression at the protein level. The knockdown of OsTRXh1 results in dwarf plants with fewer tillers, whereas the overexpression of OsTRXh1 leads to a salt-sensitive phenotype in rice. In addition, both the knockdown and overexpression of OsTRXh1 decrease abscisic acid sensitivity during seed germination and seedling growth. We also analyzed the levels of hydrogen peroxide produced in transgenic plants, and the results show that more hydrogen peroxide is produced in the extracellular space of OsTRXh1 knockdown plants than in wild-type plants, whereas the OsTRXh1 overexpression plants produce less hydrogen peroxide under salt stress. These results show that OsTRXh1 regulates the redox state of the apoplast and influences plant development and stress responses.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China.
Cui-Jun
CJ
Zhang
Bing-Chun
BC
Zhao
Wei-Na
WN
Ge
Ya-Fang
YF
Zhang
Yun
Y
Song
Da-Ye
DY
Sun
Yi
Y
Guo
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011817:Rabbits; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D054480:Thioredoxin h / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D054480:Thioredoxin h; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide