Economic game theory for mutualism and cooperation.
We review recent work at the interface of economic game theory and evolutionary biology that provides new insights into the evolution of partner choice, host sanctions, partner fidelity feedback and public goods. (1) The theory of games with asymmetrical information shows that the right incentives allow hosts to screen-out parasites and screen-in mutualists, explaining successful partner choice in the absence of signalling. Applications range from ant-plants to microbiomes. (2) Contract theory distinguishes two longstanding but weakly differentiated explanations of host response to defectors: host sanctions and partner fidelity feedback. Host traits that selectively punish misbehaving symbionts are parsimoniously interpreted as pre-adaptations. Yucca-moth and legume-rhizobia mutualisms are argued to be examples of partner fidelity feedback. (3) The theory of public goods shows that cooperation in multi-player interactions can evolve in the absence of assortment, in one-shot social dilemmas among non-kin. Applications include alarm calls in vertebrates and exoenzymes in microbes.
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford St., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. archetti.marco@googlemail.com
Marco
M
Archetti
István
I
Scheuring
Moshe
M
Hoffman
Megan E
ME
Frederickson
Naomi E
NE
Pierce
Douglas W
DW
Yu
D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005716:Game Theory; D013559:Symbiosis