Determination of cyanidin-3-glucoside (red kernel food colour) in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography and a study of its degradation by quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
A method for the determination of cyanidin-3-glucoside (red kernel colour, RKC) in various matrices, including carbonated soft drinks, fruit-based soft drinks, sugar confectionery and milk-based drinks, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on UV-Vis detection (at 520 nm) have been developed. Pre-treatment procedures for various matrices have been optimised. For soft drinks, the pH values were adjusted to 2.0, and sugar confectionery and milk-based drinks were extracted with 30 and 50% methanol in 0.1% formic acid (pH ~ 2.5) aqueous solutions, respectively. The limits of detection for the established methods ranged from 0.2 mg/kg for soft drinks to 2.0 mg/kg for the sugar confectionery and milk-based drinks with the relative standard deviations lower than 7%, which satisfy the method performance requirements for quality control for the beverages. The stability of the colourant RKC under various thermal and pH conditions was investigated by quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS). The main colourant component of RKC, cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cyd-3-Glu), lost the glucose entity under thermal treatment. A new component was identified when RKC degraded under various pH conditions and a degradation pathway is proposed. The results will assist in understanding the degradation mechanism of the colourant Cyd-3-Glu.
Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Jia
J
Song
Xiaolin
X
Li
Lu
L
Zeng
Hailing
H
Liu
Mengxia
M
Xie
D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002182:Candy / Q000032:analysis; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011786:Quality Control
D000872:Anthocyanins; D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside