Effects of auxins on the production of steroidal alkaloids in rapidly proliferating tissue and cell cultures of Solanum lyratum.
BACKGROUND
Solanum lyratum, a rare species, is used to treat cancer, tumours and warts. Plant cell and tissue culture of S. lyratum, producing steroidal alkaloids, could be useful supplements to natural sources.


OBJECTIVE
To study the production of solanine, solanidine and solasodine by adding auxin-type phytohormones including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to cell and callus cultures of S. lyratum.


METHODS
Methanolic extracts were made from callus and cell cultures of S. lyratumand and analysed using RP C₁₈ HPLC with UV detection.


RESULTS
2,4-D-induced calli from roots led to a significant enhancement in solanine production with a value of 4.13 mg/g dry weight (DW). The maximal solanidine and solasodine levels of 6.26 and 7.69 mg/g DW were respectively obtained with IBA- and IAA-treated S. lyratum cells at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/L.


CONCLUSIONS
Auxins were found to be useful phytohormones for the production of steroidal alkaloids. The callus and cell culture system developed is simple and can hence be a method of production of steroidal alkaloids in S. lyratum and other Solanaceae species.
Taiwan Sugar Corporation, 68 Sheng Chan Rd., East District, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
Chung-Io
CI
Kuo
Chi-Hsein
CH
Chao
Mei-Kuang
MK
Lu
D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048429:Cell Size; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000737:chemistry; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D059828:Plant Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012992:Solanine / Q000737:chemistry; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D007211:Indoles; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids; C014612:indolebutyric acid; D012992:Solanine; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D004144:Diosgenin; C012037:solasodine; C013255:solanidine; D000432:Methanol