Cytotoxicity of functionalized carbon nanotubes in J774A macrophages.
Cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a prime concern for its use as antigen carriers. Here we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of unpurified (UP-CNTs), purified (P-CNTs), fluorescein isothiocyanate-functionalized (FITC-CNTs), and Entamoeba histolytica 220-kDa lectin-functionalized CNTs (L220-CNTs) in J774A macrophage (MOs) cell line. Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT and TUNEL assays, respectively. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cytotoxicity at 6.0 mg/L was higher with UP-CNTs > P-CNTs > FITC-CNTs, showing a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. In contrast, MOs interacted with L220-CNTs showed an increase in cell viability without signs of apoptosis. Although UP-CNTs and P-CNTs exhibited COX-2 induction with 6.0 mg/L, functionalized CNTs were able to induce COX-2 at concentrations as low as 0.06 mg/L. These results suggest that functionalization decreases toxicity, and that L220-CNTs may be an excellent candidate for the production of a nanovaccine against amebiasis.
Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México.
Silvia Lorena
SL
Montes-Fonseca
Erasmo
E
Orrantia-Borunda
Alfredo
A
Aguilar-Elguezabal
Carmen
C
González Horta
Patricia
P
Talamás-Rohana
Blanca
B
Sánchez-Ramírez
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*
D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon