High-fat meal effect on LDL, HDL, and VLDL particle size and number in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN): an interventional study.
BACKGROUND
Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is likely a risk factor for cardiovascular disease but these changes have not been well described and characterized in a large cohort. We assessed acute changes in the size and concentration of total and subclasses of LDL, HDL, and VLDL particles in response to a high-fat meal. Participants (n = 1048) from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study who ingested a high-fat meal were included in this analysis. Lipids were measured at 0 hr (fasting), 3.5 hr, and 6 hr after a standardized fat meal. Particle size distributions were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analyses were stratified by baseline triglycerides (normal vs. elevated) and gender. The effect of PPL on changes in lipoprotein subclasses was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA.


RESULTS
Postprandially, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides increased regardless of baseline triglyceride status, with the largest increases in VLDL-C and TG; however, those with elevated triglycerides demonstrated larger magnitude of response. Total LDL particle number decreased over the 6-hour time interval, mostly from a decrease in the number of small LDL particles. Similarly, total VLDL particle number decreased due to reductions in medium and small VLDL particles. Large VLDL particles and chylomicrons demonstrated the largest increase in concentration. HDL particles demonstrated minimal overall changes in total particle number.


CONCLUSIONS
We have characterized the changes in LDL and VLDL particle number, and their subclass patterns following a high-fat meal.
Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Brimingham, AL, USA.
Mary K
MK
Wojczynski
Stephen P
SP
Glasser
Albert
A
Oberman
Edmond K
EK
Kabagambe
Paul N
PN
Hopkins
Michael Y
MY
Tsai
Robert J
RJ
Straka
Jose M
JM
Ordovas
Donna K
DK
Arnett
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides