Toxicity of aqueous C70-gallic acid suspension in Daphnia magna.
The present study assessed the toxic effects of stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of gallic-acid-stabilized C(70) fullerene on Daphnia magna. The suspensions were stabilized through noncovalent surface modification with gallic acid. In addition to whole-organism responses, changes in antioxidative processes in D. magna were quantified. Acute toxicity was observed with 96LC50 for C(70) -gallic acid of 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/L C(70) . Daphnia magna fecundity was significantly reduced in 21-d bioassays at C(70) -gallic aqcid concentrations below quantifiable limits. Antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase as well as lipid peroxidation suggested that exposed organisms experienced oxidative stress. Microscopic techniques used to determine cellular toxicity via apoptosis proved unsuccessful.
Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University, Pendleton, South Carolina, USA. bseda@clemson.edu
Brandon C
BC
Seda
Pu-Chun
PC
Ke
Andrew S
AS
Mount
Stephen J
SJ
Klaine
D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D037741:Fullerenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005707:Gallic Acid; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase