Adsorption and protein-induced metal release from chromium metal and stainless steel.
A research effort is undertaken to understand the mechanism of metal release from, e.g., inhaled metal particles or metal implants in the presence of proteins. The effect of protein adsorption on the metal release process from oxidized chromium metal surfaces and stainless steel surfaces was therefore examined by quartz crystal microbalance with energy dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). Differently charged and sized proteins, relevant for the inhalation and dermal exposure route were chosen including human and bovine serum albumin (HSA, BSA), mucin (BSM), and lysozyme (LYS). The results show that all proteins have high affinities for chromium and stainless steel (AISI 316) when deposited from solutions at pH 4 and at pH 7.4 where the protein adsorbed amount was very similar. Adsorption of albumin and mucin was substantially higher at pH 4 compared to pH 7.4 with approximately monolayer coverage at pH 7.4, whereas lysozyme adsorbed in multilayers at both investigated pH. The protein-surface interaction was strong since proteins were irreversibly adsorbed with respect to rinsing. Due to the passive nature of chromium and stainless steel (AISI 316) surfaces, very low metal release concentrations from the QCM metal surfaces in the presence of proteins were obtained on the time scale of the adsorption experiment. Therefore, metal release studies from massive metal sheets in contact with protein solutions were carried out in parallel. The presence of proteins increased the extent of metals released for chromium metal and stainless steel grades of different microstructure and alloy content, all with passive chromium(III)-rich surface oxides, such as QCM (AISI 316), ferritic (AISI 430), austentic (AISI 304, 316L), and duplex (LDX 2205).
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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M
Lundin
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Y
Hedberg
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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T
Jiang
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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G
Herting
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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X
Wang
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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E
Thormann
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Surface Chemistry, P.O. Box 5607, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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E
Blomberg
Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: ingero@kth.se.
I Odnevall
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Wallinder
D000327:Adsorption; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties
D011506:Proteins; D002857:Chromium; D013193:Stainless Steel