The prostate-specific antigen screening conundrum: examining the evidence.
OBJECTIVE
To review the current guidelines/recommendations and the state of evidence regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening.


METHODS
Nursing and medical literature, published guidelines, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews.


CONCLUSIONS
Very limited evidence exists to support the widespread use of PSA screening among asymptomatic men. Some evidence exists to support its use among men in moderate- to high-risk groups. No evidence supports its use among men with life expectancies of less than 10 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Multiple guidelines and recommendations exist regarding PSA screening, and not all are in agreement. Nurses must be cognizant of the available scientific evidence upon which guidelines are based and the strength of this evidence as they apply findings in their teaching. Evaluation and application of scientific evidence facilitates informed patient/family decision-making.
Wake ForestUniversity School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. moeorourke@gmail.com
Maureen E
ME
O'Rourke
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000451:nursing; D014481:United States
D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen