Analysis of clinical samples for early detection of classical swine fever during infection with low, moderate, and highly virulent strains in relation to the onset of clinical signs.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a transboundary viral disease affecting swine. The clinical course of disease and the best diagnostic samples for early detection were examined using low, moderate, and highly virulent strains of CSFV inoculated into 8-12 week old domestic pigs. Clinical signs were monitored and recorded. Nasal swabs, tonsil scrapings, blood and tonsils were tested using virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR).Severe clinical signs appear 3 days post infection (dpi) with the highly virulent strain, correlating with positive tonsil scrapings, tonsil and blood by virus isolation and rRT-PCR (83-100%), whereas nasal swabs become comparable by 5dpi (89-100%). The moderate strain caused less severe clinical signs between 5 and 7dpi, with tonsil scrapings, tonsil and blood positive by 7dpi (83-100%), and nasal swabs were comparable at 10dpi (67-90%). The low virulent strain showed mild clinical signs at 7dpi, with blood, tonsil and tonsil scrapings positive by virus isolation and rRT-PCR. Except for one sample at 10dpi, nasal swabs remained negative throughout the course of infection. This study indicates that irrespective of virulence, whole blood and tonsil scrapings are the sample of choice for early detection of CSFV in live pigs.
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944, USA. Brenda.C.Donahue@APHIS.USDA.GOV
Brenda C
BC
Donahue
Heather M
HM
Petrowski
Karin
K
Melkonian
Gordon B
GB
Ward
Gregory A
GA
Mayr
Samia
S
Metwally
D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D009666:Nose / Q000821:virology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000821:virology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014774:Virulence; D014776:Virus Cultivation / Q000379:methods