Optimisation of infrared-assisted extraction of rutin from crude Flos Sophorae Immaturus using response surface methodology and HPLC analysis.
BACKGROUND
Rutin, one of main constituents in Flos Sophorae Immaturus, has been proven to possess several pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, anti-inflammatory effects and so on. However, optimisation of the extraction of rutin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus has rarely been reported. Thus, it is important to develop an effective method to obtain maximum yields of rutin from Flos Sophorae Immaturus.


OBJECTIVE
To develop an infrared-assisted extraction method for maximum rutin yield from crude Flos Sophorae Immaturus using response surface methodology and HPLC analysis.


METHODS
Through single factor experiments, ranges of the main variables (including methanol concentration, liquid:solid ratio, extraction time and infrared power) affecting the extraction yield of rutin were confirmed. A Box-Behnken design consisting of 24 experimental runs and five replicates at zero point was then applied and a regression model was obtained to predict the optimal extraction yield.


RESULTS
The ANOVA analysis indicated that the regression equation fits very well with the actual situation. The optimal conditions were as follows: infrared power 204.90 W, liquid:solid ratio 30.00 mL/g, methanol concentration 70.00% and extraction time 4.80 min. Under optimal conditions the predicted maximum yield (125.70 mg rutin/0.5 g raw material) was consistent with the experimental value (126.32 ± 0.67 mg rutin/0.5 g raw material) (n = 3).


CONCLUSIONS
The application of response surface methodology was reliable and feasible in the optimisation of infrared-assisted extraction of rutin from crude Flos Sophorae Immaturus.
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
Fa-jie
FJ
Li
Su-li
SL
Ning
Yan
Y
Li
Ying-jia
YJ
Yu
Ci-dan
CD
Shen
Geng-li
GL
Duan
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors
D045424:Complex Mixtures; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D012431:Rutin; D000432:Methanol