Development of a method to estimate mouth-level benzo[a]pyrene intake by filter analysis.
BACKGROUND
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most potent carcinogens generated in cigarette smoke. During smoking, cigarette filters trap a significant portion of mainstream smoke benzo[a]pyrene. This trapped portion is proportional to what exits the end of the filter and is drawn into the mouth of smokers.


METHODS
We developed a new method to estimate mouth-level BaP intake using filter analysis. In this analysis, cigarettes are smoked by a smoking machine using a variety of conditions to yield a range of mainstream smoke deliveries, which approximate a range of human puffing characteristics. Mainstream smoke BaP collected on Cambridge filter pads and the corresponding 1-cm mouth-end cigarette filter butts is extracted, purified by solid-phase extraction, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. On the basis of the amount of BaP retained in cigarette butts and the amount collected on pads, we can relate them using a linear regression model.


RESULTS
Using this model and subsequently analyzing cigarette filters collected from smokers, we are able to estimate their mouth-level intakes, which smokers received when they consumed cigarettes. We made a series of measurements using research cigarettes and select commercial cigarettes having a wide range of machine smoke "tar" and nicotine deliveries.


CONCLUSIONS
In all cases, results indicate a linear relation of BaP between cigarette filter butts and Cambridge filter pads, with R(2) ranging from 0.93 to 0.98.


CONCLUSIONS
This technique provides a noninvasive means to examine intake on a per cigarette basis to examine both exposure and behavioral aspects of smoking.
Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. yding@cdc.gov
Yan S
YS
Ding
Theodore
T
Chou
Shadeed
S
Abdul-Salaam
Bryan
B
Hearn
Clifford H
CH
Watson
D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
D002273:Carcinogens; D012906:Smoke; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene