Preoperative inhalation of milrinone attenuates inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative inhalation of milrinone on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related inflammation.


METHODS
A total of 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were recruited and randomized for preoperative inhalation of milrinone (Mil group) or normal saline (NS group), respectively. Each group had 15 patients. Their hemodynamic parameters were measured and blood samples were obtained longitudinally. The levels of serum interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were determined by ELISA.


RESULTS
The levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-9 significantly increased at the end of cardiac surgery and remained high for 24 h in both groups of patients. However, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines at the end of cardiac surgery in the Mil group of patients were significantly lower than those of the NS group of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicated that preoperative inhalation of milrinone significantly mitigated CPB-related inflammation.
Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Ming
M
Gong
Xue-Zheng
XZ
Lin
Guang-Tao
GT
Lu
Li-Juan
LJ
Zheng
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D020105:Milrinone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D058987:Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020105:Milrinone