Expression of glia maturation factor in neuropathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease.
OBJECTIVE
The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques (APs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), degenerating neurones, and an abundance of reactive astrocytes and microglia. We aim to examine the association between glia maturation factor (GMF) expression, activated astrocytes/microglia, APs and NFTs in AD-affected brain regions.


METHODS
Brain sections were stained with Thioflavin-S to study AD pathology and sequentially immunolabeled with antibodies against GMF, glial fibrillary acidic protein (marker for reactive astrocytes), and Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1, marker for activated microglia) followed by visualization with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex.


RESULTS
Our double immunofluorescence labelling with cell-specific markers demonstrated the glial localization of GMF. The immunohistochemical data showed that APs and NFTs are associated with increased expression of GMF in reactive glia of AD brains compared with non-AD controls.


CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report that shows GMF, a mediator of central nervous system inflammation, is expressed in the brain regions affected in AD and that GMF is mainly localized in reactive astrocytes surrounding APs/NFTs. The distribution of GMF-immunoreactive cells in and around Thioflavin-S stained APs and NFTs suggests involvement of GMF in inflammatory responses through reactive glia and a role of GMF in AD pathology.
Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
R
R
Thangavel
D
D
Stolmeier
X
X
Yang
P
P
Anantharam
A
A
Zaheer
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020904:Glia Maturation Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016874:Neurofibrillary Tangles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
D020904:Glia Maturation Factor