Animated biofeedback: an ideal treatment for children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
Animated biofeedback is an established treatment for pediatric dysfunctional voiding. Bowel dysfunction is closely associated with dysfunctional voiding. We evaluated the efficacy of animated biofeedback urotherapy in bowel and voiding dysfunction in children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome.


METHODS
A total of 80 children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome were randomly assigned to undergo animated biofeedback (group A, 40 patients) or conservative therapy (group B, 40 patients). Group A underwent animated biofeedback along with pelvic floor muscle exercises and behavioral modification (hydration, high fiber diet, scheduled voiding). Group B underwent behavioral modification only. Dysfunctional voiding symptom score, constipation and fecal soiling episodes per week (according to Paris Consensus on Childhood Constipation Terminology criteria), and uroflowmetry parameters were evaluated before and 6 and 12 months after treatment in both groups.


RESULTS
Subjective and objective voiding problems were significantly improved. Vesicoureteral reflux resolved in 7 of 9 children (78%) and urinary tract infection did not recur in 10 of 14 children (71%) within 1 year. Bladder capacity and voided volume did not significantly improve. Post-void residual and voiding time decreased considerably, while maximum and average urine flow increased significantly. All children with fecal soiling and 17 of 25 with constipation (68%) in group A were symptom-free within 1 year after treatment. Animated biofeedback therapy was more efficient than nonbiofeedback management regarding objective and subjective voiding problems and bowel dysfunction (p <0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Animated biofeedback effectively treats bowel and voiding dysfunction in children with dysfunctional voiding. Pelvic floor muscle exercises coordinate breathing and pelvic floor muscle contractions, and are beneficial in improving bowel dysfunction.
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir
Abdol-Mohammad
AM
Kajbafzadeh
Lida
L
Sharifi-Rad
Seyyed Mohammad
SM
Ghahestani
Hamed
H
Ahmadi
Majid
M
Kajbafzadeh
Amir Hassan
AH
Mahboubi
D000293:Adolescent; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003248:Constipation / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D013577:Syndrome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*