A network approach to orthodontic diagnosis.
BACKGROUND
Network analysis, a recent advancement in complexity science, enables understanding of the properties of complex biological processes characterized by the interaction, adaptive regulation, and coordination of a large number of participating components.


OBJECTIVE
We applied network analysis to orthodontics to detect and visualize the most interconnected clinical, radiographic, and functional data pertaining to the orofacial system.


METHODS
The sample consisted of 104 individuals from 7 to 13 years of age in the mixed dentition phase without previous orthodontic intervention. The subjects were divided according to skeletal class; their clinical, radiographic, and functional features were represented as vertices (nodes) and links (edges) connecting them.


RESULTS
Class II subjects exhibited few highly connected orthodontic features (hubs), while Class III patients showed a more compact network structure characterized by strong co-occurrence of normal and abnormal clinical, functional, and radiological features. Restricting our analysis to the highest correlations, we identified critical peculiarities of Class II and Class III malocclusions.


CONCLUSIONS
The topology of the dentofacial system obtained by network analysis could allow orthodontists to visually evaluate and anticipate the co-occurrence of auxological anomalies during individual craniofacial growth and possibly localize reactive sites for a therapeutic approach to malocclusion.
CNR Centre for Statistical Mechanics and Complexity, Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
P
P
Auconi
G
G
Caldarelli
A
A
Scala
G
G
Ierardo
A
A
Polimeni
D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000145:classification; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D057887:Overbite / Q000175:diagnosis; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000145:classification; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000145:classification; D014061:Tongue Habits