Gemini imidazolium amphiphiles for the synthesis, stabilization, and drug delivery from gold nanoparticles.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered useful vehicles for medical therapy and diagnosis. Despite the progress made in this field, there is need to find direct, reliable, and versatile synthetic procedures for their preparation as well as new multifunctional coating agents. In this sense, we have explored the use of imidazolium amphiphiles to prepare new AuNPs designed for anion recognition and transport. Thus, in this work we describe (a) the synthesis, by a phase transfer method, of new gold nanoparticles using gemini-type surfactants as ligands based on imidazolium salts, those ligands acting as transfer agents into organic media and also as nanoparticle stabilizers, (b) the examination of their stability in solution, (c) the chemical and physical characterization of the nanoparticles, using a variety of techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), (d) toxicity data concerning both the imidazolium ligands and the imidazolium coated nanoparticles, (e) the assessment of their molecular recognition ability toward molecules of biological interest, such as anions and carboxylate containing model drugs, such as ibuprofen, (f) the study of their toxicity and those of their coating ligands, as well as their ability for cell internalization, and (g) the study of their ability for delivering anionic pharmaceuticals. The structurally governed triple role of those new gemini-type surfactants is responsible for the preparation, remarkable stability, and delivery properties of these functional AuNPs.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology UB (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Lucía
L
Casal-Dujat
Mafalda
M
Rodrigues
Alex
A
Yagüe
Anna C
AC
Calpena
David B
DB
Amabilino
Javier
J
González-Linares
Miquel
M
Borràs
Lluïsa
L
Pérez-García
D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry
D007093:Imidazoles; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D006046:Gold