Impact of pre-enlistment antisocial behaviour on behavioural outcomes among U.K. military personnel.
OBJECTIVE
Concern has been raised over alleged increases in antisocial behaviour by military personnel returning from the deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan. U.S.-based research has shown that post-deployment violence is related not only to combat experience, but also to pre-enlistment antisocial behaviour (ASB). This study aimed to examine the association between pre-enlistment ASB and later behavioural outcomes, including aggression, in a large randomly selected U.K. military cohort.


METHODS
Baseline data from a cohort study of 10,272 U.K. military personnel in service at the time of the Iraq war in 2003 were analysed. The associations between pre-enlistment ASB and a range of socio-demographic and military variables were examined as potential confounders. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between pre-enlistment ASB and military behavioural outcomes such as severe alcohol use, violence/aggression and risk-taking behaviour, controlling for confounders.


RESULTS
18.1% were defined as having displayed pre-enlistment ASB. Pre-enlistment ASB was significantly associated with factors such as younger age, low educational achievement, male gender, non-officer rank, Army personnel, being a regular, increasing time spent on the deployment and having a combat role. Pre-enlistment ASB was associated with increased risk of negative behavioural outcomes (severe alcohol misuse, outbursts of anger or irritability, fighting or assaultative behaviour and risk-taking behaviour), after controlling for confounders, suggesting that such background information may identify individuals who are more vulnerable to subsequent behavioural disturbance.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that those already demonstrating ASB prior to joining the military are more likely to continue on this trajectory, thus emphasising the importance of considering pre-enlistment behaviour when exploring the aetiology of aggression in military personnel.
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO23, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK. deemacmanus@hotmail.com
Deirdre
D
Macmanus
Kimberlie
K
Dean
Amy C
AC
Iversen
Lisa
L
Hull
Norman
N
Jones
Tom
T
Fahy
Simon
S
Wessely
Nicola T
NT
Fear
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare