Postconcussive impairment differences across a multifaceted concussion assessment protocol.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the proportion of athletes with concussion and with impairment disagreements across various clinical concussion assessment measures.


METHODS
Quasi-experimental repeated measures design.


METHODS
Clinical research laboratory.


METHODS
A sample of 100 collegiate-aged athletes participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 18.5 ± 1.1 years; mean [SD] height, 180.6 ± 9.9 cm; mean [SD] weight, 84.1 ± 20.6 kg). METHODS OR INTERVENTIONS: Participants completed preseason baseline and postconcussive injury assessments on a clinical assessment battery, including a 17-item graded symptom checklist, a computerized neurocognitive assessment, and a balance performance assessment.


METHODS
Symptom severity total score, 8 cognitive domain scores from the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, and the composite balance score obtained from the Sensory Organization Test served as outcome measures for the study. McNemar tests of paired proportions were then used to analyze impairment disagreements (where one measure identified impairments not identified by the other) between the study outcome measures. The α level was set to .05 a priori.


RESULTS
We observed significant disagreements between symptom severity total scores, and all other measures used in the study in which symptom severity total scores identified more impairments than all other measures. In addition, we observed significant disagreements for half of the clinical measures used in the study, with disagreement proportions that ranged from 22%-52%.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study underscores the importance of using a multifaceted approach for management of concussion that includes assessment of symptom severity, cognitive function, and balance. Use of this multifaceted approach also can aid clinicians in understanding other comorbidities that may complicate the management of concussion.
Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 8700, 209 Fetzer Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. gus@email.unc.edu
Kevin M
KM
Guskiewicz
Johna K
JK
Register-Mihalik
D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004244:Dizziness / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology