Exploiting extracellular matrix-stem cell interactions: a review of natural materials for therapeutic muscle regeneration.
Myopathies of skeletal muscle are prevalent diseases worldwide. To address this, regenerative therapies are being developed to restore perfusion to ischemic muscle and to reverse muscle wasting. There are adult stem cell populations that inherently possess these therapeutic properties; however, cell transplantation trials in the clinic have shown modest results at best, being limited by poor cell persistence and viability post-transplantation, and by cell relocation to non-target sites. Many materials exist that can elicit and enhance beneficial cell responses - these materials can be applied directly, or used as stem cell delivery vehicles, for regenerative therapies. In particular, components of the body's extracellular matrices may be advantageous for therapeutic application because cells already have a pre-disposition for recognizing them, and also because their usage carries a low probability of inducing negative immune responses. This review will survey the major components of the extracellular matrix and their interactions with relevant stem cell populations for the regeneration of muscle. Future material-based therapies will benefit from a more precise control over therapeutic cell populations implicated in the regenerative response.
Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
Drew
D
Kuraitis
Céline
C
Giordano
Marc
M
Ruel
Antonio
A
Musarò
Erik J
EJ
Suuronen
D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000378:metabolism; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D012038:Regeneration
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins