Responses of primary cultured haemocytes from the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculata under 10-day exposure to cadmium chloride.
Among metals, cadmium, a non-essential element, is an important pollutant that is released into aquatic environments. Due to its persistence and bioaccumulation, this metal has been shown to exert immunological effects on organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of cadmium chloride using a haemocyte primary culture from the European abalone, Haliotis tuberculata. Most studies have maintained viable haemocytes in vitro for periods ranging from several hours to several days during acute exposures. Few investigations have reported the effects of metals using longer in vitro exposures, which are more realistic with regard to mimicking environmental conditions. In this study, we exposed abalone haemocytes to concentrations from 0.5 to 50,000 μgL(-1) of CdCl2 for 10 days. The effects of cadmium chloride were reflected in a significant decrease in the number of viable cells and morphological modifications in a concentration-dependent manner beginning at a concentration of 500 μgL(-1) as well as in some physiological processes, such as phagocytotic activity and the number of lysosome-positive cells. In contrast, phenoloxidase (PO) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were increased beginning at a concentration of 5 μgL(-1), which is consistent with environmental concentrations in polluted sites. For PO activity and ROS production, maximally 9-fold and 130% inductions, respectively, were recorded under the highest dose. These results thus indicate that cadmium chloride alters immune parameters of abalone haemocytes and that the long-term (10 days) primary culture system used here represents a suitable, sensitive in vitro model for assessing cytotoxic responses.
UMR 100 IFREMER Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins--IFR 146 ICORE--IBFA--Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Campus 1, Science C, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France.
Thomas
T
Latire
Charles
C
Le Pabic
Elmina
E
Mottin
Antoine
A
Mottier
Katherine
K
Costil
Noussithé
N
Koueta
Jean-Marc
JM
Lebel
Antoine
A
Serpentini
D000818:Animals; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D019256:Cadmium Chloride