Differential effects of dietary protein sources on postprandial low-grade inflammation after a single high fat meal in obese non-diabetic subjects.
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the pathophysiology of both type-2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Prevention or reduction of chronic low-grade inflammation may be advantageous in relation to obesity related co-morbidity. In this study we investigated the acute effect of dietary protein sources on postprandial low-grade inflammatory markers after a high-fat meal in obese non-diabetic subjects.


METHODS
We conducted a randomized, acute clinical intervention study in a crossover design. We supplemented a fat rich mixed meal with one of four dietary proteins - cod protein, whey isolate, gluten or casein. 11 obese non-diabetic subjects (age: 40-68, BMI: 30.3-42.0 kg/m2) participated and blood samples were drawn in the 4 h postprandial period. Adiponectin was estimated by ELISA methods and cytokines were analyzed by multiplex assay.


RESULTS
MCP-1 and CCL5/RANTES displayed significant postprandial dynamics. CCL5/RANTES initially increased after all meals, but overall CCL5/RANTES incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was significantly lower after the whey meal compared with the cod and casein meals (P = 0.0053). MCP-1 was initially suppressed after all protein meals. However, the iAUC was significantly higher after whey meal compared to the cod and gluten meals (P = 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated acute differential effects on postprandial low grade inflammation of four dietary proteins in obese non-diabetic subjects. CCL5/RANTES initially increased after all meals but the smallest overall postprandial increase was observed after the whey meal. MCP-1 was initially suppressed after all 4 protein meals and the whey meal caused the smallest overall postprandial suppression.


BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00863564.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. holmer-jensen@ki.au.dk
Jens
J
Holmer-Jensen
Toni
T
Karhu
Lene S
LS
Mortensen
Steen B
SB
Pedersen
Karl-Heinz
KH
Herzig
Kjeld
K
Hermansen
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D048389:Gadus morhua; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D000067816:Whey Proteins
D052242:Adiponectin; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; D002364:Caseins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D005983:Glutens