title: Psychological distress and mental disorders among Spanish diabetic adults: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders between diabetes and non-diabetes sufferers and to identify associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study based on data from the 2006 to 2007 Spanish National Health Survey. We identified 2193 type 2 diabetic adults. Non-diabetic controls were 1:1 matched by age-and-sex. The presence of a mental disorder was considered if subjects answered yes to the questions: "Have you suffered depression and/or anxiety over the previous 12 months?" AND "Has your medical doctor confirmed the diagnosis?". The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to measure psychological distress. Independent covariables included socio-demographics and heath related variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of mental disorders was 18.6% among diabetics and 16.4% among controls (adjusted OR 1.17 CI 95% 1.01-1.38). 26% of diabetics and 18.9% of the non-diabetic suffered psychological distress (adjusted OR 1.51 CI 95% 1.25-1.83). Among diabetics variables associated with suffering a mental disorder and psychological distress were: female sex, younger age, worse self rated health, comorbidity, GP visit in the last 4 weeks and ER attendance in last year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic adults have significantly higher prevalence of diagnosed mental disorders and psychological distress than non-diabetic subjects. Programs targeted at preventing, monitoring and controlling these mental health problems at primary care should be implemented.
authors: Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain. rodrigo.jimenez@urjc.es
authors: Rodrigo
authors: R
authors: Jimenez-Garcıa
authors: Maria Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Martinez Huedo
authors: Valentın
authors: V
authors: Hernandez-Barrera
authors: Ana
authors: A
authors: Lopez de Andres
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Martinez
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Jimenez-Trujillo
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Carrasco-Garrido
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult