title: Utility of urothelial mRNA markers in blood for staging and monitoring bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficiency of 6 mRNA bladder markers in staging urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) and monitoring UCC dissemination from blood samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2002 to 2009, 347 blood samples were collected from 150 patients with UCC and 29 healthy controls. Sequential blood sampling was performed in patients undergoing cystectomy at surgery and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. The median follow-up was 33 months. The presence of KRT20, FXYD3, C10orf116, UPK2, AGR2, and KRT19 markers in blood was evaluated in all patients and controls by measuring the gene expression using preamplified cDNA and reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression data were correlated with the tumor risk, follow-up, and outcomes data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of C10orf116 and KRT19 genes differed between patients and controls (P<.001). KRT20, C10orf116, and AGR2 differentiated between low- and high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (P=.001, P=.011, and P=.001, respectively). FXYD3 differentiated between patients with high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer and those with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (P=.009). In contrast, the 6 markers showed no differences in gene expression between metastatic and patients without metastases who had not undergone cystectomy (P=NS). None of the markers were significantly increased in the metastatic patients at 6, 12, 18, or 24 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene expression of bladder-specific mRNA markers in blood was different among the various tumor risk groups of patients with UCC. However, this gene expression analysis is not suitable for predicting metastases or monitoring UCC hematogenous dissemination in patients who have undergone cystectomy.
authors: Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Marín-Aguilera
authors: Lourdes
authors: L
authors: Mengual
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Ribal
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Ars
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Ríos
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Gázquez
authors: Humberto
authors: H
authors: Villavicencio
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Alcaraz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D053554:Keratin-20 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D060170:Uroplakin II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C091777:FXYD3 protein, human; C507499:KRT20 protein, human; D053554:Keratin-20; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C554658:UPK2 protein, human; D060170:Uroplakin II