title: Risk factors of workplace violence at hospitals in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients and their relatives exposed to mental stress caused by hospitalization or illness might use violence against healthcare staff and interfere with quality healthcare.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate incidences of workplace violence and the attributes of healthcare staff who are at high risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire-based, anonymous, and self-administered cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthcare staff (n = 11,095) of 19 hospitals in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence rates and adjusted odd ratios of workplace violence were calculated to examine the effect of attributes of healthcare staff to workplace violence by using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate for survey completion was 79.1% (8711/11,095). Among the respondents, 36.4% experienced workplace violence by patients or their relatives in the past year; 15.9% experienced physical aggression, 29.8% experienced verbal abuse, and 9.9% experienced sexual harassment. Adjusted odds ratios of physical aggression were significantly high in psychiatric wards, critical care centers/intensive care units (ICU)/cardiac care units (CCU), long-term care wards, for nurses, nursing aides/care workers, and for longer working hours. Adjusted odds ratios of verbal abuse were significantly high in psychiatric wards, long-term care wards, outpatient departments, dialysis departments, and for longer years of work experience, and for longer working hours. Adjusted odds ratios of sexual harassment were significantly high in dialysis departments, for nurses, nursing aides/care workers, technicians, therapists and females. The general ward and direct interaction with patients were common risk factors for each type of workplace violence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanisms and the countermeasures for each type of workplace violence at those high-risk areas should be investigated.
authors: Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Fujita
authors: Shinya
authors: S
authors: Ito
authors: Kanako
authors: K
authors: Seto
authors: Takefumi
authors: T
authors: Kitazawa
authors: Kunichika
authors: K
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Tomonori
authors: T
authors: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017132:Workplace / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*