title: Medial and lateral segond fractures in a skeletally immature patient: a radiographic marker for the multiply injured knee.
abstract: Marginal fractures of the medial tibial plateau have been reported in the literature as a secondary type of Segond fracture. Some reports described this entity in the setting of combined injuries such as root avulsions of the medial meniscus, complete disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), partial tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and tears of the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament. It has been postulated that medial marginal fractures are secondary to compression of the medial aspect of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau with a corresponding posterolateral corner injury. However, this mechanism of injury may not always be as straightforward.This article presents a case of an alternate injury pattern in a skeletally immature patient. A 16-year-old boy sustained a varus force and twisting injury to his knee, resulting in radiographic evidence of multiple avulsion fractures of the knee, including a fibular epiphyseal avulsion fracture and medial and lateral Segond fractures. Usually, the avulsion fractures serve as markers for significant ligamentous injuries in adult patients, but our patient had minimal injury to the PCL, ACL, and posterolateral corner. Further physical examination and imaging studies revealed an anterior horn root avulsion, meniscocapsular separation, and anterior cortical rim fracture. A combination of imaging modalities helped us further characterize the injury pattern to devise the optimal surgical plan, especially the fixation of the anterior cortical fracture of the tibia.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea.
authors: Oh Soo
authors: OS
authors: Kwon
authors: Min Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Park
authors: Fotios P
authors: FP
authors: Tjoumakaris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005360:Fibula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome