title: Anti-inflammatory potential of an ethyl acetate fraction isolated from Justicia gendarussa roots through inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression via NF-κB pathway.
abstract: Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. (J. gendarussa) is a plant used as traditional medicine in different parts of India and China to treat inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. But its mechanism of anti-inflammatory action is still unclear. Hence in this context, the objective of our study is to reveal the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of J. gendarussa which would form an additional proof to the traditional knowledge of this plant. The anti-inflammatory function and mechanism(s) of action was studied in an ethyl acetate fraction isolated from methanolic extract of J. gendarussa roots (EJG). Anti-inflammatory studies were conducted on rats using partitioned fractions isolated from methanolic extract of J. gendarussa roots. In carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, ethyl acetate fraction brought about 80% and 93% edema inhibition at 3rd and 5th hour at a dose of 50 mg/kg, when compared to other extracts and Voveran. We investigated whether EJG inhibits the release of cycloxygenase (COX), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Results shows that EJG dose dependently inhibited LPS-activated COX, 5-LOX, IL-6, and NF-κB in hPBMCs. EJG also reduced LPS induced levels of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression in hPBMCs. This study provides an insight into the probable mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of EJG and therefore, we report the first confirmation of the anti-inflammatory potential of this traditionally employed herbal medicine in vitro.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, Kerala, India.
authors: Kavitha S
authors: KS
authors: Kumar
authors: Viji
authors: V
authors: Vijayan
authors: Shobha
authors: S
authors: Bhaskar
authors: Kripa
authors: K
authors: Krishnan
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Shalini
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Helen
mesh_terms: D027901:Acanthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human