title: Changes in intraocular lens surface roughness during cataract surgery assessed by atomic force microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the changes in optic surface roughness before and after injection of various intraocular lens (IOL) models using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Departments of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, General Hospital Linz and University Hospital Basel; Upper Austria University, School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Linz, Austria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The morphology and surface roughness of 3 hydrophobic acrylic IOLs from different manufacturers were analyzed by AFM in liquid using the tapping mode. First, AFM was performed on IOLs taken from the original package without further manipulation. In a second step, under sterile conditions, an experienced cataract surgeon loaded the IOLs into the appropriate injection system and pushed them through a system resembling an IOL implantation in cataract surgery; this was followed by AFM evaluation. Finally, 3 samples of a preloaded hydrophilic acrylic IOL taken from the original cartridge were compared with 3 samples that were pushed through the implantation system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, root mean square, and surface skewness of the IOLs before and after injection showed a significant increase in surface roughness (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard application procedures of IOLs may alter the IOL surface. Increases in the surface roughness of IOLs may influence postoperative posterior capsule opacification. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the interfacial properties of IOLs.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria. rupert.strauss@akh.linz.at
authors: Rupert W
authors: RW
authors: Strauss
authors: Markus E
authors: ME
authors: Hochleitner
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Gsenger
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Alge-Priglinger
authors: Christoph W
authors: CW
authors: Faschinger
authors: Paul B
authors: PB
authors: Henrich
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Wedrich
authors: Siegfried G
authors: SG
authors: Priglinger
authors: Kurt
authors: K
authors: Schilcher
mesh_terms: D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D013499:Surface Properties