title: Benzenediol-berberine hybrids: multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: We designed and synthesized a series of hybrid molecules, in an effort to identify novel multifunctional drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD), by reacting berberine with benzenediol, melatonin, and ferulic acid. The products were evaluated for: (i) the ability to inhibit multiple cholinesterases (ChEs); (ii) the capacity to prevent amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation; and (iii) antioxidant activity. All of the derivatives were better antioxidants, and inhibited Aβ aggregation to a greater extent, than the lead compound, berberine. Two of the hybrids, in particular, have the potential to be excellent candidates for AD therapy: the berberine-pyrocatechol hybrid (compound 8) was a much better inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) than unconjugated berberine (IC(50): 0.123 vs 0.374 μM); and the berberine-hydroquinone hybrid (compound 12) displayed high antioxidant activity, could inhibit AChE (IC(50) of 0.460 μM), and had the greatest ability to inhibit Aβ aggregation.
authors: Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China.
authors: Huailei
authors: H
authors: Jiang
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Huang
authors: Zonghua
authors: Z
authors: Luo
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Su
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Ding
authors: Xingshu
authors: X
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D001599:Berberine; C004999:ferulic acid; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D008550:Melatonin