title: Rapid kinetics to peak serum antibodies is achieved following influenza vaccination by dry-coated densely packed microprojections to skin.
abstract: A rapid time to peak serum antibody response following vaccination is particularly important for influenza: the time window between the availability of appropriate antigen and the start of the seasonal epidemic is very short. In this paper, influenza vaccine was delivered to both the epidermis and dermis of mouse skin using densely packed microprojection arrays for vaccination. We found that, after vaccination, around 75% and 90% of the delivered influenza vaccine migrated away from the ear skin within just 2 days and 1 week - respectively. And the time to peak serum antibody response was as early as 2 weeks. This result matches the kinetics achieved by intramuscular injection of liquid vaccine to muscle. Thus, we demonstrate that skin delivery of small vaccine volumes discretely by thousands of densely packed microprojections neither induces delay in kinetics nor interferes with the long-lasting antibody response; compared to conventional intramuscular injection.
authors: The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors: Xianfeng
authors: X
authors: Chen
authors: Germain J P
authors: GJ
authors: Fernando
authors: Anthony P
authors: AP
authors: Raphael
authors: Sally R
authors: SR
authors: Yukiko
authors: Emily J
authors: EJ
authors: Fairmaid
authors: Clare A
authors: CA
authors: Primiero
authors: Ian H
authors: IH
authors: Frazer
authors: Lorena E
authors: LE
authors: Brown
authors: Mark A F
authors: MA
authors: Kendall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines