title: Male caregivers of patients with breast and gynecologic cancer: experiences from caring for their spouses and partners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable evidence demonstrating the negative effects of caregiving particularly in the areas of psychological well-being and quality of life of family caregivers of patients with cancer. However, there is little work on male caregivers' subjective experience of caring for family members with cancer, and little is known on how caregivers experience the caring over time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to explore male spouses'/partners' experience of caring for their wives/partners with breast and gynecologic cancer over a 1-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  An exploratory longitudinal qualitative descriptive design using face-to-face interviews of 15 spouses/partners was used in this study. Content analysis of the transcribed data was conducted to extract significant categories and themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Varying degrees of interrelated cognitive, physical, and psychological impact were experienced by caregivers that extended to 12 months. Gender-specific attitudes prevented male caregivers from supporting their own self. Male caregivers dealt with problems that arose in the caregiving congruent with their masculinity, such as minimizing disruptions, focusing on tasks, and keeping their own stress to themselves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male caregivers as a separate group with their own needs have not received much attention in the cancer literature, and their concerns and challenges may differ from those of female caregivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male caregivers' concerns and challenges must be taken into consideration when planning appropriate interventions to support them in their caregiving role.
authors: Research Centre for Nursing and Midwifery Practice, Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. violeta.lopez@anu.edu.au
authors: Violeta
authors: V
authors: Lopez
authors: Gina
authors: G
authors: Copp
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Molassiotis
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological