title: Female gender and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: results from a large registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if previously reported gender-based outcome disparities following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are applicable in a large and racially-diverse cohort in the drug eluting stent (DES) era.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is generally believed that women suffer inferior outcomes compared to men after PCI. However, various strategies have evolved that may have mitigated this imbalance, including improved medical therapy, attention to risk-factors, and procedural advances of PCI including DES.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 13,752 patients (4,761 female, 34.6%) with complete follow-up data who underwent de novo lesion PCI from 04/2003 to 04/2009. Relevant data were extracted from an IRB-approved registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to males, females were significantly older (69.0 vs. 64.8 years) and more frequently from a minority or non-Caucasian background. Females smoked less, but more were hypertensive and/or diabetic. Women had higher HDL, but also higher LDL cholesterol levels. More women presented with an unstable coronary syndrome and required left anterior descending artery PCI. While unadjusted post-PCI mortality rates were higher in females versus males (30 days, 1.3 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.009; 1 year, 6.1 vs. 4.8%, P = 0.001; 3 year, 10.4 vs. 8.4%, P < 0.0001), multivariable regression analyses failed to identify female gender as an independent predictor of mortality. Propensity-adjusted modeling confirmed that females were not at intrinsically higher risk for mortality after PCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Females undergoing PCI exhibit more comorbidities and adverse prognostic factors than males. However, risk-adjusted analyses identified that gender is not an independent predictor of mortality after PCI in the DES era.
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors: Jason C
authors: JC
authors: Kovacic
authors: Roxana
authors: R
authors: Mehran
authors: Rucha
authors: R
authors: Karajgikar
authors: Usman
authors: U
authors: Baber
authors: Javed
authors: J
authors: Suleman
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Kim
authors: Prakash
authors: P
authors: Krishnan
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Dangas
authors: Samin K
authors: SK
authors: Sharma
authors: Annapoorna
authors: A
authors: Kini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D061847:Hospitals, High-Volume; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality*; D057216:Propensity Score; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL