title: Kindlin-2: a novel adhesion protein related to tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and patient outcome in gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kindlin-2 has been confirmed as an essential element of bidirectional integrin signaling. In recent years, the relationship between Kindlin-2 expression and cancers has been a focus of interest. However, the relationship between Kindlin-2 expression in gastric cancer and tumor invasion, metastasis, and the outcome of patients have not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kindlin-2 expression at protein and RNA levels were detected by Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction in 40 pairs of gastric cancer samples. In addition, the correlations between Kindlin-2 expression and clinicopathologic factors as well as the prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Multivariate Cox regression was used to study the effect of Kindlin-2 expression on overall and progression-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that Kindlin-2 was up-regulated both at RNA (P = .027) and protein levels (P = .014) in gastric cancer tissues. Tumor samples with high Kindlin-2 expression (Kindlin-2/β-actin:tumor tissue/paraneoplastic tissue, ≥2) was observed in 55% of the patients. Moreover, Kindlin-2 expression had a significant positive correlation with tumor stromal invasion (P = .014), lymph node metastasis (P = .007), and TNM stage (P = .014). Patients with high Kindlin-2 expression had significantly poorer overall survival (P = .012) and progression-free survival (P = .012). High Kindlin-2 expression was an independent risk factor of progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.3; P = .032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kindlin-2 may play an important role in the development of gastric cancer and it is a potential factor that could be used to evaluate the outcome of gastric cancer. Kindlin-2 may shed new light on evaluating the prognosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer.
authors: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University, People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors: Zhanlong
authors: Z
authors: Shen
authors: Yingjiang
authors: Y
authors: Ye
authors: Lingyi
authors: L
authors: Dong
authors: Sanna
authors: S
authors: Vainionpää
authors: Harri
authors: H
authors: Mustonen
authors: Pauli
authors: P
authors: Puolakkainen
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C477322:FERMT3 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins