title: Identification of active and quiescent adipose vascular stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of both active and quiescent stem cells in bone marrow, hair follicle and intestine. We attempted to identify active and quiescent vascular stromal cells (VSC) in adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  For identification of active VSC, adult rats were injected intraperitoneally with thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and their subcutaneous tissue harvested 3 days later. For identification of quiescent VSC, newborn rats were injected intraperitoneally with EdU and their subcutaneous tissue harvested 9 weeks later. The harvested adipose tissues were examined for the co-localization of EdU with VSC marker CD34, smooth muscle marker SMA, endothelial marker RECA and pericyte marker CD140b.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adult rat adipose tissues harvested 3 days after EdU injection, there were 28.80 ± 8.70 (mean ± SD) EdU+ cells/100 × microscopic field, and approximately 6.2% of cell nuclei were labeled with EdU. The percentages of EdU+ cells expressing the following markers were approximately: 84 for CD34, 5.6 for RECA (rat endothelial marker), 3.7 for SMA and 14.8 for CD140b. In the adipose tissues of newborn rats that were harvested 9 weeks after EdU injection, the percentages of EdU+ cells expressing the following markers were approximately: 76 for CD34, 1.8 for RECA, 0 for SMA and 12.9 for CD140b. In both the short-term (active) and long-term (quiescent) EdU-labeled adipose tissues, the EdU label was consistently co-localized with CD34 and in the proximity of CD140b stain or in the adventitia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both active and quiescent VSC expressed CD34 and localized to capillaries and the adventitia of larger blood vessels.
authors: Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0738, USA.
authors: Guiting
authors: G
authors: Lin
authors: Zhongcheng
authors: Z
authors: Xin
authors: Haiyang
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: Lia
authors: L
authors: Banie
authors: Guifang
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Xuefeng
authors: X
authors: Qiu
authors: Hongxiu
authors: H
authors: Ning
authors: Tom F
authors: TF
authors: Lue
authors: Ching-Shwun
authors: CS
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007120:Immunochemistry / Q000379:methods; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020286:Pericytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D003857:Deoxyuridine; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat; C031086:5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine