title: Effects of predrilling depth and implant shape on the mechanical properties of orthodontic mini-implants during the insertion procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) shape and predrilling depth on the mechanical properties of OMIs during the insertion procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 OMIs (self-drilling type, 7 mm in length; Biomaterials Korea Inc) were allocated into six groups according to OMI shape (cylindrical and tapered type) and pre-drilling depth (control, 1.5-mm and 3.0-mm predrilling; predrilled with a drill-bit [1 mm in diameter]): C-con, C-1.5, C-3.0, T-con, T-1.5, and T-3.0 groups (N  =  5 per group). The OMIs were installed in artificial bone blocks with two layers that simulated the cortical and cancellous bone (Sawbone®, Pacific Research Laboratories Inc). Total insertion time (TIT), maximum insertion torque (MIT), total insertion energy (TIE), and inclination of the time-torque graph (INC) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the same shape group, although predrilling groups exhibited shorter TIT than control groups (control vs 1.5; control vs 3.0; all P < .05), there was no difference in TIT between 1.5-mm and 3.0-mm predrilling groups. MIT and TIE decreased in the order of control, 1.5-mm predrilling, and 3.0-mm predrilling (control vs 1.5; 1.5 vs 3.0; all P < .05), but INC revealed a pattern of increase from control to 1.5-mm predrilling and of decrease from 1.5-mm predrilling to 3.0-mm predrilling within the same shape group (control vs 1.5, 1.5 vs 3.0, all P < .05). The MIT and INC of C-con were smaller and less steep than those of T-con (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). In the same predrilling depth, no differences were observed in MIT, INC, and TIE between cylindrical and tapered groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases of thick cortical bone, predrilling might be an effective tool for reducing microdamage without compromising OMI stability.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Chongro-Ku, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Keun-Chul
authors: KC
authors: Cho
authors: Seung-Hak
authors: SH
authors: Baek
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D019415:Torque