title: [Impact of unilateral acute testicular ischemia on the contralateral testis of rabbits in anesthetic and conscious states].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the impact of unilateral acute testicular ischemia on the hemodynamics and histology of the contralateral testis of the rabbits under consistent anesthesia with that of the rabbits in the conscious state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two healthy male white rabbits were randomly divided into an anesthetic group (Group A) to receive injection of sodium pentobarbital (PS) and a non-anesthetic group (Group B), each including a control group of 5 animals (A0 and B0), an incomplete testicular ischemia group of 8 (A1 and B1), and a complete testicular ischemia group of 8 (A2 and B2). Testicular ischemia models were constructed by color Doppler ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to observe the perfusion of the contralateral testes before and after ligating and loosening the unilateral spermatic cord in each experimental group. The control animals also underwent CEUS and measurement of the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) at the corresponding time. Histological structure changes in the contralateral testes of the rabbits were observed in both anesthetic and conscious states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PS anesthesia markedly suppressed the HR and BP of the rabbits. The parameters in Groups of A0, A1 and A2 showed no statistically significant changes after unilateral ligation of the spermatic cord, while Groups B1 and B2 displayed significantly decreased peak-base difference (PBD) and prolonged arrival time (AT) and half time of descending peak intensity (HT). Groups A1, B1 and B2 showed significantly increased PBD and prolonged HT shortly after loosening the spermatic cord. Focal pathological and ultrastructural changes were observed in the contralateral testes of the ischemic rabbits, but no significant difference was found in Johnson's score in comparison with the controls. The apoptotic cells were remarkably increased in Groups A1, B1 and B2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute testicular ischemia may induce injury to the contralateral testis to some degree, and a reflexive sympathetic response may cause hemodynamic changes in the non-anesthetic state. And the neural and vascular inhibitory effects of anesthesia could make insignificant changes of blood perfusion in the contralateral testis.
authors: Fujian Provincial Institute of Ultrasonic Medicine/Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
authors: Li-jun
authors: LJ
authors: Xie
authors: En-sheng
authors: ES
authors: Xue
authors: Li-wu
authors: LW
authors: Lin
authors: Rong-xi
authors: RX
authors: Liang
authors: Shun
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Yi-mi
authors: YM
authors: He
authors: Xiao-dong
authors: XD
authors: Lin
authors: Li-yun
authors: LY
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography