title: Inhibition mechanism of human galectin-7 by a novel galactose-benzylphosphate inhibitor.
abstract: Galectins are involved in many cellular processes due to their ability to bind carbohydrates. Understanding their functions has shown the necessity for potent and specific galectin inhibitors. Human galectin-7 (hGal-7), in particular, has been highlighted as an important marker in many types of cancer by either inhibiting or promoting tumour growth. Producing ligands able to selectively target hGal-7 will offer promising tools for deciphering cancer processes in which hGal-7 is involved as well as present potential solutions for future therapeutics. Here we report the high resolution crystal structure of hGal-7 in complex with a synthetic 2-O-benzylphosphate-galactoside inhibitor (which is > 60-fold more potent than its parent galactoside). The high resolution crystallographic analysis highlights the validity of using saccharide derivatives, conserving properties of the galactose binding, while enhanced affinity and specificity is provided by the added phosphate group. This structural information will allow the design of further inhibitors with improved potency and specificity.
authors: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors: Geoffrey
authors: G
authors: Masuyer
authors: Talat
authors: T
authors: Jabeen
authors: Christopher T
authors: CT
authors: Öberg
authors: Hakon
authors: H
authors: Leffler
authors: Ulf J
authors: UJ
authors: Nilsson
authors: K Ravi
authors: KR
authors: Acharya
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D030562:Databases, Protein; D019281:Dimerization; D015195:Drug Design; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005697:Galactosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037161:Galectins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013862:Thiogalactosides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005697:Galactosides; D037161:Galectins; C092525:LGALS7 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D010710:Phosphates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013862:Thiogalactosides; D005688:Galactosamine; D003545:Cysteine