title: Periosteal distraction osteogenesis and barrier membrane application: an experimental study in the rat calvaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Distraction of the periosteum results in the formation of new bone in the gap between the periosteum and the original bone. We postulate that the use of a barrier membrane would be beneficial for new bone formation in periosteal distraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  To selectively influence the contribution of the periosteum, a distraction plate with perforations was used alone or covered by a collagen barrier membrane. All animals were subjected to a 7-day latency period and a 10-day distraction period with a rate of 0.1 mm/day. Four animals per group with or without a barrier membrane were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the end of the distraction. The height of new bone generated relative to the areas bound by the parent bone and the periosteum was determined by histomorphometric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New bone was found in all groups. At the periphery of the distraction plate, significant differences in bone height were found between the hinge and the distraction screw for the group without barrier membrane at 2 weeks (0.39 ± 0.19 mm) compared to 4 weeks (0.84 ± 0.44 mm; P = 0.002) and 6 weeks (1.06 ± 0.39 mm; P = 0.004). Differences in maximum bone height with and without a barrier membrane were observed laterally to the distraction plate at 2 weeks (1.22 ± 0.64 versus 0.55 ± 0.14 mm; P = 0.019) and 6 weeks (1.61 ± 0.56 versus 0.73 ± 0.33 mm; P = 0.003) of the consolidation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the present study, the application of a barrier membrane may be considered beneficial for new bone formation induced by periosteal distraction.
authors: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Freiburgsstrasse 10, Bern, Switzerland. nikola.saulacic@insel.ch
authors: Nikola
authors: N
authors: Saulacic
authors: Benoit
authors: B
authors: Schaller
authors: Dieter D
authors: DD
authors: Bosshardt
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Buser
authors: Pascal
authors: P
authors: Jaun
authors: Hideya
authors: H
authors: Haeniwa
authors: Tateyuki
authors: T
authors: Iizuka
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000473:pathology; D001860:Bone Plates; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D001863:Bone Screws; D003094:Collagen; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D003094:Collagen