title: Defence responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to infection by Pseudomonas syringae are regulated by the circadian clock.
abstract: The circadian clock allows plants to anticipate predictable daily changes in abiotic stimuli, such as light; however, whether the clock similarly allows plants to anticipate interactions with other organisms is unknown. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) has circadian clock-mediated variation in resistance to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), with plants being least susceptible to infection in the subjective morning. We suggest that the increased resistance to Pst DC3000 observed in the morning in Col-0 plants results from clock-mediated modulation of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity. Analysis of publicly available microarray data revealed that a large number of Arabidopsis defence-related genes showed both diurnal- and circadian-regulation, including genes involved in the perception of the PAMP flagellin which exhibit a peak in expression in the morning. Accordingly, we observed that PAMP-triggered callose deposition was significantly higher in wild-type plants inoculated with Pst DC3000 hrpA in the subjective morning than in the evening, while no such temporal difference was evident in arrhythmic plants. Our results suggest that PAMP-triggered immune responses are modulated by the circadian clock and that temporal regulation allows plants to anticipate and respond more effectively to pathogen challenges in the daytime.
authors: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
authors: Vaibhav
authors: V
authors: Bhardwaj
authors: Stuart
authors: S
authors: Meier
authors: Lindsay N
authors: LN
authors: Petersen
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Ingle
authors: Laura C
authors: LC
authors: Roden
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056926:CLOCK Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014774:Virulence / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005936:Glucans; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; C048306:callose; D056926:CLOCK Proteins