title: Affective reactivity during smoking cessation of never-quitters as compared with that of abstainers, relapsers, and continuing smokers.
abstract: Much effort has been devoted to examining the differences in postcessation affective experience between smoking abstainers and relapsers. However, little attention has been given to the affective changes of smokers who, despite their motivation to quit, fail to achieve even a brief period of abstinence. Using affect-modulated startle response and self-report questionnaires, we measured the postcessation affective changes of 115 smokers (60 men, 55 women) who participated in a laboratory investigation of affective reactivity during smoking cessation. Among our participants, 34 were abstainers (16 men, 18 women), 16 were never-quitters (8 men, 8 women), 19 were relapsers (8 men, 11 women), and 46 were controls (28 men, 18 women). We found a significant Stimulus Valence × Session × Group interaction effect on startle responses, which suggested that while abstainers, relapsers, and control exhibited the prototypical affect-modulated startle response across postcessation sessions, never-quitters displayed an atypical response pattern in which emotional pictures no longer modulated the startle response. Never-quitters also reported increasingly higher negative and lower positive affect across postcessation sessions. Using affect-modulated startle response and self-report questionnaires, this study found a significant difference in the affective reactivity between smokers who could and smokers who could not establish an initial abstinence of 24 hours.
authors: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA. cholam@mdanderson.org
authors: Cho Y
authors: CY
authors: Lam
authors: Jason D
authors: JD
authors: Robinson
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Versace
authors: Jennifer A
authors: JA
authors: Minnix
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Cui
authors: Brian L
authors: BL
authors: Carter
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Wetter
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Cinciripini
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004576:Electromyography; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine