title: Carbon ion irradiation inhibits glioma cell migration through downregulation of integrin expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of carbon ion irradiation on glioma cell migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  U87 and Ln229 glioma cells were irradiated with photons and carbon ions. Migration was analyzed 24 h after irradiation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was performed in order to quantify surface expression of integrins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single photon doses of 2 Gy and 10 Gy enhanced α(ν)β(3) and α(ν)β(5) integrin expression and caused tumor cell hypermigration on both vitronectin (Vn) and fibronectin (Fn). Compared to integrin expression in unirradiated cells, carbon ion irradiation caused decreased integrin expression and inhibited cell migration on both Vn and Fn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photon radiotherapy (RT) enhances the risk of tumor cell migration and subsequently promotes locoregional spread via photon induction of integrin expression. In contrast to photon RT, carbon ion RT causes decreased integrin expression and suppresses glioma cell migration on both Vn and Fn, thus promising improved local control.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Stefan.Rieken@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Rieken
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Habermehl
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Wuerth
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Brons
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Mohr
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Lindel
authors: Klaus
authors: K
authors: Weber
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Haberer
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Debus
authors: Stephanie E
authors: SE
authors: Combs
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000502:physiology; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017785:Photons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019096:Vitronectin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; D019096:Vitronectin; C064660:integrin alphaVbeta5; D002244:Carbon