title: Effects of silica and zinc oxide doping on mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed tricalcium phosphate tissue engineering scaffolds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of silica (SiO(2)) (0.5 wt%) and zinc oxide (ZnO) (0.25 wt%) dopants on the mechanical and biological properties of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds with three dimensionally (3D) interconnected pores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scaffolds were created with a commercial 3D printer. Post sintering phase analysis was determined by X-ray diffraction. Surface morphology of the scaffolds was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Mechanical strength was evaluated with a screw driven universal testing machine. MTT assay was used for cellular proliferation characteristics and cellular morphology was examined by FESEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Addition of dopants into TCP increased the average density of pure TCP from 90.8 ± 0.8% to 94.1 ± 1.6% and retarded the β to α phase transformation at high sintering temperatures, which resulted in up to 2.5 fold increase in compressive strength. In vitro cell-materials interaction studies, carried out using hFOB cells, confirmed that the addition of SiO(2) and ZnO to the scaffolds facilitated faster cell proliferation when compared to pure TCP scaffolds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of SiO(2) and ZnO dopants to the TCP scaffolds showed increased mechanical strength as well as increased cellular proliferation.
authors: W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA.
authors: Gary A
authors: GA
authors: Fielding
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Bandyopadhyay
authors: Susmita
authors: S
authors: Bose
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019245:Compressive Strength; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C022616:thiazolyl blue; C018392:tricalcium phosphate; D015034:Zinc Oxide