title: Congenital renal anomalies in patients with classic bladder exstrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the proportion and type of renal anomalies that occur in children born with classic bladder exstrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients in a database of 1044 patients with the bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex were reviewed. Those with classic bladder exstrophy had their complete medical records reviewed and children with radiographic evidence of congenital renal anomalies were identified and characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 674 patients were identified with classic bladder exstrophy, of whom 462 had renal ultrasounds at the authors' institution. In this population, 13/462 (2.8%) had concomitant renal anomalies. The most common malformation was a duplicated collecting system in 6 patients. Hypoplastic or absent kidneys were present in 3 patients, pelvic kidney in 2, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 1, and multicystic dysplastic kidney in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolated renal anomalies occur at a rate of 2.8% in children born with classic bladder exstrophy. Although uncommon in this rare birth defect, anatomic understanding of the entire genitourinary system is critical for operative planning and long-term follow-up of patients with bladder exstrophy.
authors: Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. stec@musc.edu
authors: Andrew A
authors: AA
authors: Stec
authors: Nima
authors: N
authors: Baradaran
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004842:Epispadias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution