title: Intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and anxiety: the moderating and mediating roles of rumination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined rumination as a moderator and mediator between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and depression and anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross sectional study. Survey data were collected from 332 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from hierarchical analyses supported the moderator role of rumination. A high level of rumination enhanced the association between IU and depression symptoms. In addition, both high and low levels of rumination strengthened the relation between IU and anxiety symptoms. Results from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that rumination fully mediated the relation between IU and depression symptoms, but only partially mediated the association between IU and anxiety symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results supported rumination as a moderator and mediator in the association between IU and depression and anxiety symptoms. Future research and practical implications are discussed.
authors: Division of Counseling and Family Therapy, College of Education, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd.. St. Louis, MO 63146, USA. liaok@umsl.edu
authors: Kelly Yu-Hsin
authors: KY
authors: Liao
authors: Meifen
authors: M
authors: Wei
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009770:Obsessive Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D035501:Uncertainty