title: [Translation and adaptation to Spanish language of the quality of life questionnaire for sleep apnea-hipopnea syndrome Quebec Sleep Questionnaire].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to translate and adapt to Spanish the Québec Sleep Questionnaire (QSQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  For QSQ tran-cultural adaptation, the back-translation technique was used. A psychologist and a pneumonologist made a first translation of the questionnaire. Naturalness-correctness of items and conceptual equivalence were evaluated by external researchers and a group of patients. A back-translation was finally remitted to author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the items had minimal difficulty in translation. The difficulty was moderate in only 4 of them (items 2, 7, 8, 30). Naturalness-correctness was maximal in most items and excellent in 4 (8 to 9 points). The conceptual equivalence was complete in all the items, except item 2 that showed a partial equivalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first translation and adaptation to Spanish language of the quality of life questionnaire QSQ has been done. The translation has minimal difficulty and the conceptual equivalence is almost complete.
authors: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, España. herrejon_alb@gva.es
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Herrejón
authors: Amparo
authors: A
authors: Martínez
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Peris
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Inchaurraga
authors: Estrella
authors: E
authors: Fernández
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Blanquer
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating