title: The impact of pre-procedural waiting period and anxiety level on pain perception in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of pre-procedural waiting period and anxiety level on pain perception during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were enrolled in this prospective study. The subjects were asked to fill out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale-1 to measure the level of state anxiety at three times: 1) at the time of the procedure request, 2) before the procedure, and 3) before getting the result. Just after biopsy, the patients were asked to fill out a visual analog scale to evaluate pain perception resulting from the biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pre-procedural level of state anxiety score was well correlated with the visual analog scale score (r=0.498; P < 0.001). The mean level of state anxiety scores before biopsy (39.7±9.4) and before getting the result (39.9±8.4) were significantly higher than the mean level of state anxiety score when the procedure was requested (31.4±7.9) (P < 0.001 for both). The patient group was divided into two subgroups according to the waiting time between the request and the procedure itself; the cut-off value between the short and long groups was 10 days. The difference between the mean visual analog scale scores from transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy patients with the short (n=23, 1.49±0.95) and long (n=37, 2.35±1.12) waiting periods was statistically significant (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, performing the transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy procedure as soon as possible and using more effective anesthetic methods, especially for patients with high level of state anxiety scores, may have a positive impact on patient tolerance.
authors: Department of Radiology, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey.
authors: Tülay
authors: T
authors: Saraçoğlu
authors: Alparslan
authors: A
authors: Unsal
authors: Füsun
authors: F
authors: Taşkın
authors: Levent
authors: L
authors: Sevinçok
authors: Can Zafer
authors: CZ
authors: Karaman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal; D014850:Waiting Lists
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine