title: Evaluation of vertical deviations secondary to other causes.
abstract: Distinguishing the cause of a vertical deviation can be important for management. When surgery is being considered, it is also critical to distinguish a true hypertropia from a dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). This paper reviews the clinical manifestations of DVD, true hypertropia, and primary oblique muscle dysfunction.
authors: Pediatric Ophthalmology Dept., University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. nnagarwa@yahoo.com
authors: Noopur Nikki
authors: NN
authors: Batra
mesh_terms: D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular