title: Osseointegration--the influence of implant surface.
abstract: The modification of implant surfaces from the original machined to 'micro-rough', and more recently 'bioactive', surfaces has been proposed to improve clinical outcomes. This review outlines the evidence for the superior performance of modified implant surfaces. Pre-clinical trials consistently show that modified implant surfaces are more osteogenic and improve the degree of osseointegration. Clinically, there is a clear trend for improved clinical success with 'micro-rough' compared with machined implants. This is particularly the case in compromised sites, such as the posterior maxilla, and compromised patients, such as smokers. Furthermore, 'micro-rough' implant surfaces perform better in augmented sites, and facilitate the more predictable use of short implants, thus reducing the need for more invasive augmentation procedures. 'Micro-rough' implants have been associated with an increased susceptibility to peri-implantitis, but these findings relate to a surface that is no longer manufactured. Newly developed 'bioactive' surfaces have only been evaluated in a limited number of clinical studies.
authors: School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. s.ivanovski@griffith.edu.au
authors: Saso
authors: S
authors: Ivanovski
mesh_terms: D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants