title: Clinical usefulness of CEA, CA19-9, and CYFRA 21-1 as tumor markers for urothelial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of measuring serum CEA, CA19-9, and CYFRA 21-1 levels for the diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, and CYFRA 21-1 were measured in 85 patients with bladder cancer. The absolute level of each marker and the positive rate were compared with the clinical stage and histological grade of the tumor. Changes of the markers were assessed in patients with or without disease progression, and the correlations between survival and positivity/negativity of these markers were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher serum level of CYFRA 21-1 was significantly correlated with higher tumor stage (p < 0.01) and higher grade (p < 0.05). In contrast, serum CEA and CA19-9 levels did not differ significantly among each stage and grade. The CYFRA 21-1 level increased significantly along with disease progression (from 7.33 ± 13.3 to 55.9 ± 127 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Patients who were positive for CYFRA 21-1 had significantly worse disease-specific survival (p < 0.0001, log rank test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum CYFRA 21-1 seems to be a marker of advanced- and high-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. It is useful for monitoring this disease and for predicting the prognosis. In contrast, the clinical usefulness of CEA and CA19-9 as tumor markers was not demonstrated.
authors: Jichi Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Washino
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Hirai
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Matsuzaki
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019459:Urothelium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053539:Keratin-19; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1