title: Detection of multiple cytokines in the urine of patients with focal necrotising glomerulonephritis may predict short and long term outcome of renal function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of urinary cytokines in pauci-immune focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis (FSNGN) may provide valuable information about disease pathogenesis and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by ELISA, and Interleukins, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP1β) by a multiplex cytokine assay, in 38 patients with FSNGN. Their levels were correlated with severity of histological findings and renal function outcome in short and long term.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of crescents in renal biopsy had positive correlation with TGF-β1 (p=0.004) and IL-15 urinary excretion (p=0.01), and negative correlation with EGF (p=0.01). Increased urinary excretion of IL-6, IL-15, VEGF and MIP-1β was associated with poor renal function outcome, but increased levels of EGF, IL-2 and IL-9 predicted a favourable prognosis. In multiple regression analysis IL-6 and VEGF urinary levels were independent predictors of no-response at the acute phase (p=0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively), while, IL-6 was the only factor (p=0.03) predicted worse outcome at the end of follow-up (39.4±45 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased urinary excretion of IL-6, IL-15, VEGF, TGF-β1, MCP-1 and MIP-1β and reduced EGF, IL-2, IL-9 may be associated with histological damage and influence response to treatment in pauci-immune FSNGN.
authors: Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Str., 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece. mstangou@math.com
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Stangou
authors: Aikaterini
authors: A
authors: Papagianni
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Bantis
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Liakou
authors: Kostas
authors: K
authors: Pliakos
authors: Panagiotis
authors: P
authors: Giamalis
authors: Lazaros
authors: L
authors: Gionanlis
authors: Afroditi
authors: A
authors: Pantzaki
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Efstratiadis
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Memmos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines