title: Hypoglycemic effect of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides and compound K on Type 2 diabetes mice induced by high-fat diet combining with streptozotocin via suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
abstract: Compound K (CK) is a final intestinal metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (PDG) from Panax ginseng. Although anti-diabetic activity of CK have been reported with genetic mouse models (db/db mice) in recent years, the therapeutic usefulness of CK and PDG in type 2 diabetes, a more prevalent form of diabetes, remains unclear. In the present investigation, we developed a mouse of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that closely simulated the metabolic abnormalities of the human disease. For this purpose, type 2 diabetes was induced in male ICR mice by combining of streptozotocin. The male ICR mice fed with HFD for 4 weeks received 100mg/kg of STZ injected intraperitoneally. After 4 weeks, mice with fasting (12h) blood glucose levels (FBG) above 7.8 mmol/L were divided into 3 groups (n=12) and treated with vehicle (diabetes model, DM), 300 mg/kg/day of PDG and 30 mg/kg/day of CK for 4 weeks while continuing on the high-fat diet. Hypoglycemic effects of CK and PDG were consistently demonstrated by FBG levels, and insulin-sensitizing effects were seen during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Moreover, the mechanism of hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetic mice was examined. Gluconeogenic genes, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), were decreased in two treatment groups with CK showing greater effects. These findings demonstrated the hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing capabilities of CK on type 2 diabetes induced by HFD/STZ via down-regulation of PEPCK and G6Pase expression in liver.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Gu
authors: Zhao-jie
authors: ZJ
authors: Meng
authors: Li-Chun
authors: LC
authors: Zhao
authors: Yi-nan
authors: YN
authors: Zheng
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Geng-Liang
authors: GL
authors: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C112772:ginsenoside compound K