title: Expression of the interleukin-10 signaling pathway genes in individuals with Down syndrome and periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, which cannot be explained by poor oral hygiene alone and is related to changes in the immune response. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether DS was associated with differential modulation of expression of genes associated with proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 individuals were evaluated: 19 individuals with DS and periodontal disease (group 1), 20 euploid individuals with periodontal disease (group 2; positive control), and 12 euploid individuals without periodontal disease (group 3; negative control). Clinical periodontal evaluation and gingival biopsies were performed. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine expression levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), the receptors IL-10RA and IL-10RB, intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and the signaling intermediates Janus kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT-3), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of IL10, SOCS3, IP10, and ICAM1 mRNA in DS patients was significantly lower compared to euploid individuals with periodontal disease, whereas IL-10RB and STAT-3 mRNA levels were higher in individuals with DS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced expression of IL-10 coupled with a possible increase of STAT3 activation (increase of STAT3 and reduction of SOCS3 mRNA) indicates an important modulation of the immune response, with attenuation of anti-inflammatory and increase of proinflammatory mediators. This modulation may be related to the increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis in individuals with DS.
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Lícia Bezerra
authors: LB
authors: Cavalcante
authors: Marcia Hiromi
authors: MH
authors: Tanaka
authors: Juliana Rico
authors: JR
authors: Pires
authors: Luciano Henrique
authors: LH
authors: Apponi
authors: Elisa Maria
authors: EM
authors: Aparecida Giro
authors: Sandro Roberto
authors: SR
authors: Valentini
authors: Denise M
authors: DM
authors: Palomari Spolidório
authors: Marisa Veiga
authors: MV
authors: Capela
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Rossa
authors: Raquel M
authors: RM
authors: Scarel-Caminaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000032:analysis; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D053709:Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D053710:Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D053613:Janus Kinase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000276:immunology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000276:immunology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053709:Interleukin-10 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053710:Interleukin-10 Receptor beta Subunit; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D053613:Janus Kinase 1