title: The effects of cholera toxin on cellular energy metabolism.
abstract: Multianalyte microphysiometry, a real-time instrument for simultaneous measurement of metabolic analytes in a microfluidic environment, was used to explore the effects of cholera toxin (CTx). Upon exposure of CTx to PC-12 cells, anaerobic respiration was triggered, measured as increases in acid and lactate production and a decrease in the oxygen uptake. We believe the responses observed are due to a CTx-induced activation of adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP production and resulting in a switch to anaerobic respiration. Inhibitors (H-89, brefeldin A) and stimulators (forskolin) of cAMP were employed to modulate the CTx-induced cAMP responses. The results of this study show the utility of multianalyte microphysiometry to quantitatively determine the dynamic metabolic effects of toxins and affected pathways.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B. Nashville, TN 37235-1822, USA. rachel.m.snider@gmail.com
authors: Rachel M
authors: RM
authors: Snider
authors: Jennifer R
authors: JR
authors: McKenzie
authors: Lewis
authors: L
authors: Kraft
authors: Eugene
authors: E
authors: Kozlov
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Wikswo
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Cliffel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP