title: Survey of enterovirus infections from hand, foot and mouth disease outbreak in China, 2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In China, a rapid expansion of Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks has occurred since 2004 and HFMD has become an important issue for China. However, people are still only concerned with human enterovirus 71(HEV-71) and coxsackie virus A16 (CV-A16). Much of what is known about the other enterovirus infections relies on fractional evidence and old epidemic data, with little knowledge concerning their distribution. To alert potential threatens of the other enteroviruses, our study genetically characterized specimens from different regions of China and yielded novel information concerning the circulating and phylogenetic characteristics of enteroviral strains from HFMD cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 301 clinical throat swabs were randomly obtained from patients suffering from HFMD from the southern, northern and central regions of China during outbreaks in 2009. 266 of 301 (88.4%) HFMD cases were found positive for HEV and seven genotypes, HEV-71, CV-A16, -B5, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12, were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HFMD pathogen compositions in the different regions of China were significantly different. HFMD epidemics might persist for a long time in China due to the multiple pathogen compositions, the enteroviral characteristic of recombination and co-infection, the ever-increasing travel and migration and the deficiency of effective vaccine. Our study deserves the attention on HFMD control and vaccine development.
authors: State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Yang
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: Yongfeng
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Xiaofang
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Du
authors: Yufen
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Shaoxia
authors: S
authors: Sun
authors: Xiuhua
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Zhifang
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Jin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology; D058974:Phylogeography; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral