title: Use of artificial digestive systems to investigate the biopharmaceutical factors influencing the survival of probiotic yeast during gastrointestinal transit in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of the main biopharmaceutical factors on the viability of a new probiotic yeast strain, using dynamic in vitro systems simulating human gastric/small intestinal (TIM) and large intestinal (ARCOL) environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 throughout the artificial digestive tract was determined by microbial counting. We investigated the effects of galenic formulation, food intake, dose, mode and frequency of administration on yeast survival rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both fasted and fed states, yeast viability in the upper digestive tract was significantly higher when the probiotic was administered in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) capsules compared to tablets. Food intake led to a delay in yeast release and a two-fold increase in strain survival. Whatever the dose, yeasts were particularly sensitive to the large intestinal environment. High concentrations of probiotic could only be maintained in the colon when it was inoculated twice a day over a 5-h-period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIM and ARCOL are complementary in vitro tools relevant for screening purposes, supplying valuable information on the effects of galenic form, food intake and dose regimen on the viability of probiotics throughout the human digestive tract.
authors: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, ERT 18 Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. stephanie.blanquet@u-clermont1.fr
authors: Stéphanie
authors: S
authors: Blanquet-Diot
authors: Sylvain
authors: S
authors: Denis
authors: Sandrine
authors: S
authors: Chalancon
authors: Fehd
authors: F
authors: Chaira
authors: Jean-Michel
authors: JM
authors: Cardot
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Alric
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001702:Biopharmaceutics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019149:Bioreactors; D002214:Capsules; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004435:Eating; D005215:Fasting; D005285:Fermentation; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008954:Models, Biological; D019518:Postprandial Period; D019936:Probiotics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000254:growth & development*; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology*; D013607:Tablets; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D013607:Tablets; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose