title: Pesticide removal from waste spray-tank water by organoclay adsorption after field application: an approach for a formulation of cyprodinil containing antifoaming/defoaming agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many reports on purification of water containing pesticides are based on studies using unformulated active ingredients. However, most commercial formulations contain additives/adjuvants or are manufactured using microencapsulation which may influence the purification process. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to develop and test a pilot scheme for decontaminating water containing pesticides formulated with antifoaming/defoaming agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Freundlich adsorption coefficients of formulation of cyprodinil, a new-generation fungicide, onto the organoclay Cloisite 20A have been determined in the laboratory in order to predict the efficiency of this organoclay in removing the fungicide from waste spray-tank water. Subsequently, the adsorption tests were repeated in the pilot system in order to test the practical operation of the purification scheme.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The laboratory adsorption tests successfully predicted the efficiency of the pilot purification system, which removed more than 96% cyprodinil over a few hours. The passing of the organoclay-cyprodinil suspension through a layer of biomass gave 100% recovery of the organoclay at the surface of the biomass after 1 week. The organoclay was composted after the treatment to try to break down the fungicide so as to allow safe disposal of the waste, but cyprodinil was not significantly dissipated after 90 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The purification scheme proved to be efficient for decontaminating water containing cyprodinil formulated with antifoaming/defoaming agents, but additional treatments for the adsorbed residues still appear to be necessary even for a moderately persistent pesticide such as cyprodinil. Furthermore, a significant conclusion of this study concerns the high influence of pesticide formulations on the process of purification of water containing these compounds, which should be taken into account when developing innovative decontamination schemes, especially for practical applications.
authors: Istituto di Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy. nicoleta.suciu@unicatt.it
authors: Nicoleta A
authors: NA
authors: Suciu
authors: Tommaso
authors: T
authors: Ferrari
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Ferrari
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Trevisan
authors: Ettore
authors: E
authors: Capri
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000934:Antifoaming Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000077215:Clay; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000934:Antifoaming Agents; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011743:Pyrimidines; C108338:cyprodinil; D000077215:Clay