title: Cholera-like enterotoxins and Regulatory T cells.
abstract: Cholera toxin (CT) and the heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli (LT), as well as their non toxic mutants, are potent mucosal adjuvants of immunization eliciting mucosal and systemic responses against unrelated co-administered antigens in experimental models and in humans (non toxic mutants). These enterotoxins are composed of two subunits, the A subunit, responsible for an ADP-ribosyl transferase activity and the B subunit, responsible for cell binding. Paradoxically, whereas the whole toxins have adjuvant properties, the B subunits of CT (CTB) and of LT (LTB) have been shown to induce antigen specific tolerance when administered mucosally with antigens in experimental models as well as, recently, in humans, making them an attractive strategy to prevent or treat autoimmune or allergic disorders. Immunomodulation is a complex process involving many cell types notably antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this review, we focus on Treg cells and cholera-like enterotoxins and their non toxic derivates, with regard to subtype, in vivo/in vitro effects and possible role in the modulation of immune responses to coadministered antigens.
authors: Laboratoire des Interactions Muqueuses-Agents transmissibles (LIMA), UPR562, UFRs Médecine et Pharmacie, IFR Santé-STIC, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. christelle.basset@u-bourgogne.fr
authors: Christelle
authors: C
authors: Basset
authors: Fatou
authors: F
authors: Thiam
authors: Cyrille Di
authors: CD
authors: Martino
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Holton
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Clements
authors: Evelyne
authors: E
authors: Kohli
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli