title: Temporary gastric neuromodulation for intractable nausea and vomiting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric neuromodulation (GNM) has been advocated for the treatment of drug refractory gastroparesis or persistent nausea and vomiting in the absence of a mechanical bowel obstruction. There is, however, little in the way of objective data to support its use, particularly  with regards to its effects on gastric emptying.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients (male-to-female ratio: 4:2, mean age: 49 years, range: 44-57 years) underwent the GNM between April and August 2010. Three patients had confirmed slow gastrointestinal transit. Aetiology included previous gastric  surgery in two, diabetes in one and idiopathic nausea and vomiting in three patients. GNM pacing wires were placed endoscopically and left in situ for seven days. Patients underwent gastric scintigraphy before and 24 hours after the commencement of GNM. Total gastroparesis symptom scores (TSS),  weekly vomiting frequency scores (VFS), health-related quality of life (using the SF-12(®) questionnaire), gastric emptying, nutritional status and weight were compared before and after GNM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TSS improved after GNM in comparison with baseline data. VFS improved in  three of four symptomatic patients. The SF-12(®) physical composite score improved in four patients (27.5 vs 34.3) and the mental composite score improved in five patients (34.9 vs 35.9). All patients reported an improvement in oral intake. A significant weight gain (mean: 1kg,  range: 0.3-2.4kg) was observed over seven days. Gastric emptying half-time improved in four patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GNM improved upper gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life and nutritional status in patients with intractable nausea and vomiting. GNM merits further investigation.
authors: Academic Surgical Unit, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, East Yorkshire HU16 5JQ, UK. drsanavri@hotmail.com
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ullah
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Arsalani-Zadeh
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Sedman
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Avery
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Duthie
authors: J
authors: J
authors: MacFie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013270:Stomach / Q000294:innervation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*