title: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies in fulminant, acute-onset, and slow-onset patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and role of autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) in three forms (fulminant, acute-onset, and slow-onset) of Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and ninety-six new-onset patients with type 1 diabetes were studied: 85 were fulminant, 81 acute-onset, and 30 slow-onset type 1 diabetes. ZnT8A were determined by radioimmunoassay using a hybrid ZnT8 carboxy-terminal construct (aa268-369) carrying 325Trp and 325Arg. Furthermore, ZnT8A epitopes were analysed using ZnT8 constructs incorporating the known aa325 variants (Trp, Arg, and Gln).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ZnT8A were detected in 58% patients with acute-onset and 20% with slow-onset type 1 diabetes (p<0.0005). In contrast, none of sera from fulminant type 1 diabetes were reactive to ZnT8 construct. Conversion of Arg or Trp to Gln at aa325 abolished reactivity in 59% of patients with an age of onset>10 years, which was significantly higher than that in patients≤10 years of age (33%, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ZnT8A are an additional useful marker for acute-onset type 1 diabetes, but not a diagnostic marker for fulminant type 1 diabetes, and ZnT8A epitope recognition is different according to the onset age.
authors: Department of Metabolism/Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Nagasaki University Hospital, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. eijikawa@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Kawasaki
authors: Kan
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: Genpei
authors: G
authors: Kuriya
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Satoh
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Hironaga
authors: H
authors: Kuwahara
authors: Norio
authors: N
authors: Abiru
authors: Hironori
authors: H
authors: Yamasaki
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Matsuura
authors: Junnosuke
authors: J
authors: Miura
authors: Yasuko
authors: Y
authors: Uchigata
authors: Katsumi
authors: K
authors: Eguchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D044466:Asian People; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000939:Epitopes; C492522:SLC30A8 protein, human; D000075703:Zinc Transporter 8