title: The effect of short-term use of the Guardian RT continuous glucose monitoring system on fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines whether the short-term use of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) can reduce the fear of hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve participants with T1DM were fitted with a Guardian® REAL-Time CGM and assigned to either an alarm (low glucose alarm set at 4.5 mmol/L) or no alarm condition for 3 days, with both treatments administered following a counterbalanced study design. The participants completed the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey on three separate occasions, before their CGM was fitted as well as following the alarm and no alarm conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The alarm treatment reduced the incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes (CGM readings≤3.5 mmol/L; 1.1±0.5 versus 1.9±0.5; mean±SEM) and the relative time spent below this hypoglycaemic threshold (0.9±0.4% versus 2.6±1.0%) but did not alter the fear of hypoglycaemia (78.6±7.0, 75.8±5.2 and 79.3±5.8 at baseline and following the alarm and no alarm treatments, respectively; p>0.05). CGM overestimated blood glucose levels by 0.8±0.2 mmol/L for blood glucose readings less than, or equal to, 5 mmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term use of the Guardian® REAL-Time CGM has no clinically significant effect on fear of hypoglycaemia possibly due, in part, to the inaccuracies of CGMs at low blood glucose levels.
authors: Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. ray.davey@uwa.edu.au
authors: Raymond J
authors: RJ
authors: Davey
authors: Kerri
authors: K
authors: Stevens
authors: Timothy W
authors: TW
authors: Jones
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Fournier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D056902:Clinical Alarms; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin