title: Is comprehensive surgical staging needed for thorough evaluation of early-stage ovarian carcinoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with ovarian cancer may have occult metastasis at the time of surgery. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence and sites of occult metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer grossly confined to the ovary and examine the significance of routine omentectomy and peritoneal biopsies as part of a comprehensive staging procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were retrospectively abstracted from patients presenting to University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Hospitals from 1993 through 2009 with ovarian cancer without gross spread beyond the ovary who underwent comprehensive surgical staging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 86 patients with ovarian cancer grossly confined to the ovary who underwent complete surgical staging were identified. Of patients, 29% were upstaged following comprehensive surgical staging; 6% had metastatic disease in uterus and/or fallopian tubes, 6% in lymph nodes, and 17% in peritoneal, omental, or adhesion biopsies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer should continue to undergo comprehensive surgical staging, since it identifies occult metastasis in a significant number of patients.
authors: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 57390-9032, USA.
authors: Arlene E
authors: AE
authors: Garcia-Soto
authors: Todd
authors: T
authors: Boren
authors: Shana N
authors: SN
authors: Wingo
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Heffernen
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005185:Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009852:Omentum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery