title: Comparison of headspace solid-phase microextraction, headspace single-drop microextraction and hydrodistillation for chemical screening of volatiles in Myrtus communis L.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and headspace single-drop microextraction (HS-SDME) methods have never been used for the extraction and analysis of the volatile compounds of Myrtus communis. For that reason, in this work, these two techniques were compared with the traditional hydrodistillation (HD) extraction technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare SPME and SDME with HD for the extraction and analysis of Myrtus communis volatiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three extraction methods, i.e. SPME, SDME and HD, coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used and optimised for the analysis of Myrtus communis volatiles. The SPME extraction was performed on a 100 µm PDMS fibre and for SDME a drop of n-octadecane containing 0.7% of menthol as internal standard was used as extracting solvent. The results were compared from different viewpoints including efficiency of extraction, different kinds of species extracted and quantity of extracted compounds with HD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main analytes extracted by SPME were found to be α-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, α-terpinyl acetate and geranyl acetate, whereas for SDME α-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate and β-myrcene were extracted as major components. Hydrodistillation could extract α-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, α-terpineol, linalyl acetate, α-terpinyl acetate, geranyl acetate and cis-isoeugenol better than other volatiles from Myrtus communis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that HS-SPME and HS-SDME can be applied successfully for the extraction and separation of volatiles in aromatic plants, and these techniques are easier to perform, and more effective than HD for collection of more volatile compounds.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Moradi
authors: Massoud
authors: M
authors: Kaykhaii
authors: Ali Reza
authors: AR
authors: Ghiasvand
authors: Shahriar
authors: S
authors: Shadabi
authors: Alinazar
authors: A
authors: Salehinia
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057168:Distillation / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D000077222:Limonene; D008610:Menthol / Q000737:chemistry; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D031651:Myrtus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000473:Alkanes; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C008574:beta-myrcene; D008610:Menthol; C432872:geranyl acetate; C074463:linalyl acetate; D000077222:Limonene; C018584:linalool; C005451:alpha-pinene; C022883:octadecane