title: Distribution pattern of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotypes in Sri Lanka 1996-2006.
abstract: Widespread antimalarial resistance has been a barrier to malaria elimination efforts in Sri Lanka. Analysis of genetic markers in historic parasites may uncover trends in the spread of resistance. We examined the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine transporter (pfcrt; codons 72-76) haplotypes in Sri Lanka in 1996-1998 and 2004-2006 using a high-resolution melting assay. Among 59 samples from 1996 to 1998, we detected the SVMNT (86%), CVMNK (10%), and CVIET (2%) haplotypes, with a positive trend in SVMNT and a negative trend in CVMNK frequency (P = 0.004) over time. Among 24 samples from 2004 to 2006, we observed only the SVMNT haplotype. This finding indicates selection for the SVMNT haplotype over time and its possible fixation in the population.
authors: Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. zhang33@post.harvard.edu
authors: Jenny J
authors: JJ
authors: Zhang
authors: Tharanga N
authors: TN
authors: Senaratne
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Daniels
authors: Clarissa
authors: C
authors: Valim
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Alifrangis
authors: Priyanie
authors: P
authors: Amerasinghe
authors: Flemming
authors: F
authors: Konradsen
authors: Rupika
authors: R
authors: Rajakaruna
authors: Dyann F
authors: DF
authors: Wirth
authors: Nadira D
authors: ND
authors: Karunaweera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C416369:PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D002738:Chloroquine