title: Impact of etonogestrel-releasing implant and copper intrauterine device on carbohydrate metabolism: a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the influence of an etonogestrel-releasing (ETG) implant and copper intrauterine device (IUD) on carbohydrate metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this nonrandomized, open-label, prospective controlled trial, 40 healthy women received an implant or IUD (20 per group). Outcome measures were fasting glucose, fasting insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycosylated hemoglobin A(1)C (HbA(1)C) levels at baseline and after 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were similar in age, body mass index and laboratory parameters at baseline. Carbohydrate metabolism was not modified by the ETG implant at baseline and at 6 and 12 months (mean ± SD) (fasting glucose: 85.9 ± 5.13, 87.05 ± 5.36, 88.19 ± 5.05; insulin: 7.77 ± 2.42, 10.64 ± 9.4, 8.82 ± 3.73; OGTT: 94.8 ± 25.28, 96.5 ± 19.67, 99.47 ± 24.6; HbA(1)C: 5.27 ± .34, 5.55 ± .39, 5.7 ± 0.37). The same was true for the IUD (fasting glucose: 88.87 ± 7.2, 89.65 ± 5.86, 88.75 ± 4.79; insulin: 7.94 ± 3.6, 8.3 ± 4.1, 7.34 ± 3.02; OGTT: 96.85 ± 15.16, 97.48 ± 13.42, 91.3 ± 22.16; HbA(1)C: 5.41 ± .49, 5.75 ± .41, 5.9 ± 0.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ETG-releasing implant did not affect carbohydrate metabolism in normal women after 12 months.
authors: School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors: Carolina L
authors: CL
authors: Oderich
authors: Maria Celeste O
authors: MC
authors: Wender
authors: Jaqueline N
authors: JN
authors: Lubianca
authors: Letícia M
authors: LM
authors: Santos
authors: Grasiele C
authors: GC
authors: de Mello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; C044815:etonogestrel; D017135:Desogestrel