title: Boosting heterosubtypic neutralization antibodies in recipients of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A mass vaccination has been implemented to prevent the spread of 2009 pandemic influenza virus in China. Highly limited information is available on whether this vaccine induces cross-reactive neutralization antibodies against other subtypes of influenza viruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed pseudovirus-based assays to analyze heterosubtypic neutralization responses in serum samples of 23 recipients of 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One dose of pandemic vaccine not only stimulated good neutralization antibodies against cognate influenza virus 2009 influenza A (H1N1), but also raised broad cross-reactive neutralization activities against seasonal H3N2 and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and lesser to H2N2. The cross-reactive neutralization activities were completely abolished after the removal of immunoglobin G (IgG). In contrast, H1N1 vaccination alone in influenza-naive mice elicited only vigorous homologous neutralizing activities but not cross-reactive neutralization activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the cross-reactive neutralization epitopes do exist in this vaccine and could elicit significant cross-reactive neutralizing IgG antibodies in the presence of preexisting responses. The exposure to H1N1 vaccine is likely to modify the hierarchical order of preexisting immune responses to influenza viruses. These findings provide insights into the evolution of human immunity to influenza viruses after experiencing multiple influenza virus infections and vaccinations.
authors: Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Qiu
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Huang
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Wang
authors: Di
authors: D
authors: Tian
authors: Wanju
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Yunwen
authors: Y
authors: Hu
authors: Zhenghong
authors: Z
authors: Yuan
authors: Xiaoyan
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Jianqing
authors: J
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053121:Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines