title: Host biomarkers of clinical relevance in tuberculosis: review of gene and protein expression studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of clinically relevant biomarkers is required for better diagnosis, prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this review, potential host biomarkers in blood or blood cells in tuberculosis were identified by a systematic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 55 articles were selected from PubMed and Google Scholar that analyzed gene and or protein expression in humans in active and or latent TB. Articles were scored according to certain criteria and categorized as strong or weak studies. Biomarkers reported by more than one article or by a single strong article were identified as potential biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six most promising markers (IP-10, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4, FOXP3 and IL-12) were identified based on their presence in both mycobacterial antigen-stimulated and -unstimulated samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this review we hope to provide a reliable guideline for biomarker studies in tuberculosis.
authors: Infectious diseases unit, St. John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Serene H
authors: SH
authors: John
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Kenneth
authors: Archana S
authors: AS
authors: Gandhe
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000097:blood; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D055985:Latent Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D040901:Proteomics; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4