title: Enzyme immunoassay for tenuazonic acid in apple and tomato products.
abstract: The Alternaria mycotoxin tenuazonic acid was derivatized with succinic anhydride and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively. The KLH conjugate was used to produce polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. A competitive direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for tenuazonic acid was established, which was moderately sensitive for tenuazonic acid [50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)): 320 ± 130 ng/mL] but strongly reacted with tenuazonic acid acetate (IC(50): 23.3 ± 7.5 ng/mL). Therefore, an optimized EIA protocol was established, which employed acetylation of standard and sample extract solutions. The mean standard curve detection limit (IC(30)) for tenuazonic acid acetate was 5.4 ± 2.0 ng/mL, enabling detection limits for tenuazonic acid in apple and tomato products of 25-50 ng/g (150 ng/g in tomato paste). Recoveries in a concentration range of 50-2000 ng/g were 60-130% in apple juice and tomato juice and 40-150% in other tomato products. Tenuazonic acid was detected in apple juice and tomato products from German retail shops at levels of 50-200 ng/g. In conclusion, this novel EIA for tenuazonic acid could be useful within a screening program for Alternaria mycotoxins in food.
authors: Chair of Dairy Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Veterinary Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390 Giessen, Germany. Madeleine.Gross@vetmed.uni-giessen.de
authors: Madeleine
authors: M
authors: Gross
authors: Valeriu
authors: V
authors: Curtui
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Ackermann
authors: Hadri
authors: H
authors: Latif
authors: Ewald
authors: E
authors: Usleber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D027845:Malus; D011817:Rabbits / Q000276:immunology; D013720:Tenuazonic Acid / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D013720:Tenuazonic Acid