title: Growth, clinical chemistry and immune function in domestic piglets fed varying ratios of arachidonic acid and DHA.
abstract: In the USA, infant formulas contain long-chain PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) and DHA in a ratio of 2:1 and comprise roughly 0·66 g/100 g and 0·33 g/100 g total fatty acids (FA). Higher levels of dietary DHA appear to provide some advantages in visual or cognitive performance. The present study evaluated the effect of physiologically high dietary ARA on growth, clinical chemistry, haematology and immune function when DHA is 1·0 g/100 g total FA. On day 3 of age, formula-reared (FR) piglets were matched for weight and assigned to one of six milk replacer formulas. Diets varied in the ratio of ARA:DHA as follows (g/100 g FA/FA): A1, 0·1/1·0; A2, 0·53/1·0; A3-D3, 0·69/1·0; A4, 1·1/1·0; D2, 0·67/0·62; D1, 0·66/0·33. A seventh group was maternal-reared (MR) and remained with the dam during the study. Blood collection and body weight measurements were performed weekly, and piglets were killed on day 28 of age. No significant differences were found among any of the FR groups for formula intake, growth, clinical chemistry, haematology or immune status measurements. A few differences in clinical chemistry, haematology and immune function parameters between the MR pigs and the FR groups probably reflected a difference in growth rate. We conclude that the dietary ARA level up to 1·0 g/100 g total FA is safe and has no adverse effect on any of the safety outcomes measured, and confirm that DHA has no adverse effect when ARA is at 0·66 g/100 g FA.
authors: Division of Nutritional Sciences, B38 Savage Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Tyburczy
authors: Kumar S D
authors: KS
authors: Kothapalli
authors: Woo Jung
authors: WJ
authors: Park
authors: Bryant S
authors: BS
authors: Blank
authors: Ying-Chun
authors: YC
authors: Liu
authors: Julie M
authors: JM
authors: Nauroth
authors: J Paul
authors: JP
authors: Zimmer
authors: Norman
authors: N
authors: Salem
authors: J Thomas
authors: JT
authors: Brenna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007110:Immunity, Active; D008297:Male; D020094:Mortierella / Q000378:metabolism; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D009929:Organ Size; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D009821:Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid