title: The effects of leflunomide on CD4(+)CD25          (+)Foxp3          (+) T regulatory cells in mice receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leflunomide (LEF) is effective not only in different animal models of autoimmune diseases and the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritisbut also in graft rejection. The effect of LEF on CD4(+)CD25(+)T regulatory cells (Treg) was determined in a mouse model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were used as donors and recipients, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice were given 2 Gy total-body irradiation, followed by an intravenous injection of 2 × 10(7) BALB/c bone marrow cells (BMCs). Mice were treated with LEF daily at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In naïve mice, LEF significantly decreased the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in spleens (P < 0.05), but not in lymph nodes, though LEF enhanced the percentages of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in CD4 single positive cells in the thymocytes and blood (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LEF significantly decreased the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in the spleens of mice that received allogeneic BMCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LEF decreases peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in un-immunizing and immunizing recipients, indicating that LEF might not be an ideal candidate for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or graft rejection with respect to induction of immune tolerance.
authors: Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors: Di
authors: D
authors: Jin
authors: Kaizhong
authors: K
authors: Duan
authors: Lianjun
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Jianxia
authors: J
authors: Peng
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077339:Leflunomide; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D007555:Isoxazoles; D000077339:Leflunomide