title: Mycobacterium genavense as a cause of subacute pneumonia in patients with severe cellular immunodeficiency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycobacterium genavense is a rare nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Human infections are mostly disseminated in the setting of the AIDS epidemic or the use of aggressive immunosuppressive treatments. M. genavense culture is fastidious, requiring supplemented media. Pulmonary involvement rarely occurs as a primary localization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here two patients with pneumonia as the predominant manifestation of M. genavense infection: one kidney transplanted patient and one HIV-infected patient. Both patients were initially treated with anti-tuberculous drugs before the identification of M. genavense on sputum or broncho-alveolar lavage fluid culture. A four-drug regimen including clarithromycin and rifabutin was started. Gamma interferon has been helpful in addition to antimycobacterial treatment for one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should be aware that M. genavense could be the etiologic agent of sub-acute pneumonia mimicking tuberculosis in patients with cellular immunodeficiency status.
authors: Université Paris-Descartes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors: Blandine
authors: B
authors: Rammaert
authors: Louis-Jean
authors: LJ
authors: Couderc
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Rivaud
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Honderlick
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Zucman
authors: Marie-France
authors: MF
authors: Mamzer
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Cahen
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Bille
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Lecuit
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Lortholary
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Catherinot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents