title: Correlation of MRI findings to histology of acetaminophen toxicity in the mouse.
abstract: Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is responsible for approximately half of all cases of acute liver failure in the United States. The mouse model of APAP toxicity is widely used to examine mechanisms of APAP toxicity. Noninvasive approaches would allow for serial measurements in a single animal to study the effects of experimental interventions on the development and resolution of hepatocellular necrosis. The following study examined the time course of hepatic necrosis using small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following the administration of 200 mg/kg ip APAP given to B6C3F1 male mice. Mice treated with saline served as controls (CON). Other mice received treatment with the clinical antidote N-acetylcysteine (APAP+NAC). Mouse liver pathology was characterized using T1- and T2-weighted sequences at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h following APAP administration. Standard assays for APAP toxicity [serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver sections] were examined relative to MRI findings. Overall, T2 sequences had a greater sensitivity for necrosis and hemorrhage than T1 (FLASH) images. Liver injury severity scoring of MR images demonstrated increased scores in the APAP mice at 4, 8 and 24 h compared to the CON mice. APAP+NAC mice had MRI scores similar to the CON mice. Semiquantitative analysis of hepatic hemorrhage strongly correlated with serum ALT. Small animal MRI can be used to monitor the evolution of APAP toxicity over time and to evaluate the response to therapy.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors: Aliza T
authors: AT
authors: Brown
authors: Xiawei
authors: X
authors: Ou
authors: Laura P
authors: LP
authors: James
authors: Kedar
authors: K
authors: Jambhekar
authors: Tarun
authors: T
authors: Pandey
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: McCullough
authors: Shubhra
authors: S
authors: Chaudhuri
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Borrelli
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005100:Expectorants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000931:Antidotes; D005100:Expectorants; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000111:Acetylcysteine