title: Early immune outcome of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma: a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated differences in cytokine responses and T-lymphocyte subsets following retroperitoneal laparoscopic and conventional open radical nephrectomies for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 patients with T(1)N(0)M(0) staged RCC were randomized to either retro-laparoscopic (n = 31) or open (n = 31) radical nephrectomy. Plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured separately by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 5. Levels of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) as well as the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio were acquired by flow cytometry at the same time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly compared to preoperative values in both groups (p < 0.05) on postoperative day 1, and all the parameters in the open group were significantly higher than those in the retro-laparoscopy group (p < 0.05). On postoperative day 1, the levels of CD3(+) and CD4(+) and the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio decreased markedly compared to preoperative values for both groups (p < 0.05). Elevations of the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio in the retro-laparoscopy group (p < 0.05) and the CD8(+) level in the open group (p < 0.05) were observed when compared with the other group. On postoperative day 5, the levels of CD3(+) and CD4(+) and the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio in the retro-laparoscopy group, as well as the level of CD8(+) in the open group, returned to about preoperative levels (p < 0.05). Follow-up ranged from 4 to 14 months postoperatively in all 62 patients with a 100% cancer-specific survival rate in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is associated with the milder cytokine responses caused by trauma and inflammation and the better preserved distribution of T-lymphocytes.
authors: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Tianyong
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Qiang
authors: Cui
authors: C
authors: Xiaobo
authors: Bu
authors: B
authors: Siyuan
authors: Han
authors: H
authors: Ping