title: 'Living a life in shades of grey': experiencing depressive symptoms in the acute phase after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to describe the lived experience of stroke survivors suffering from depressive symptoms in the acute phase; addressing the following questions: (a) what is the nature of depression as experienced by post-stroke patients in the acute phase? (b) what is it like to live with depression within the first weeks following stroke?
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Post-stroke depression occurs in at least one quarter of stroke survivors and is linked to poorer outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This qualitative study is methodologically grounded in hermeneutic phenomenology, influenced by van Manen and Ricoeur. A descriptive, qualitative design was used applying in-depth interviews as the method of data collection with nine participants. The data collection took place in 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The material revealed two main themes that generate the feeling and description of 'living a life in shades of grey': (a) being trapped and (b) losing oneself. 'Shades of grey' could be understood as being confined in a new life-world and losing oneself as the person one knew.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The participants confirmed suffering from depressive symptoms, but depression was not seen as meaningful on its own. They related their experiences of post-stroke depression in the acute phase to the losses they experienced. Nurses ought to take into account the depth of the life changes that stroke survivors may experience. There is a need for continued empirical research on how nurses may help and support stroke survivors dealing with depressive symptoms in the acute phase after stroke and how depressive symptoms develop over time.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, Buskerud University College, Drammen, Norway. siren.kouwenhoven@hibu.no
authors: Siren E
authors: SE
authors: Kouwenhoven
authors: Marit
authors: M
authors: Kirkevold
authors: Knut
authors: K
authors: Engedal
authors: Hesook S
authors: HS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000208:Acute Disease; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D015399:Nursing Research; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012649:Self Concept; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*