title: Human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in Korea: use of G1 cycle markers as new prognosticators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exhibits distinct patterns worldwide, but its prevalence has not been extensively evaluated in Korea. The E7 oncogene-mediated carcinogenesis and its meaning are yet to be uncovered for oropharyngeal SCCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a Korean oropharyngeal SCC cohort, epidemiological indicators, HPV, and G1 cell cycle marker expressions were correlated with survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 93 surgically treated patients with oropharyngeal SCCs, 49.5% were HPV+, which were significantly younger, and predominantly nonsmoking. They demonstrated better survival than HPV- (94% vs 60%). Patients who were HPV+ with oropharyngeal SCCs expressed higher p16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), and lower pRb. The p16 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.39), pRb (HR 2.13), and CCND1 (HR 2.09) correlated with survival. Notably, combined markers like p16/cdk4 ratio (HR 2.47) and cdk4+CCND1 sum (HR 2.65) were more significantly correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC in Korea is similar to U.S.-European data. HPV presence correlates with improved survival. Expression ratios of G1 markers may predict survival of oropharyngeal SCCs better than each marker alone.
authors: Department of Pathology and Division of Specific Organ Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-769, Korea.
authors: Weon Seo
authors: WS
authors: Park
authors: Junsun
authors: J
authors: Ryu
authors: Kwan Ho
authors: KH
authors: Cho
authors: Moon Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Choi
authors: Sung Ho
authors: SH
authors: Moon
authors: Tak
authors: T
authors: Yun
authors: Byung-Sam
authors: BS
authors: Chun
authors: Geon Kook
authors: GK
authors: Lee
authors: Hyun-Joo
authors: HJ
authors: Ahn
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Vermeer
authors: Yuh-Seog
authors: YS
authors: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000401:mortality; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004279:DNA, Viral; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4