title: Association between matrix  metalloproteinase-3 polymorphism and anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.
abstract: Anterior  cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are considered to be the most severe joint  injury in sports. However, the precise etiologies of ACL injuries are not fully  understood. Recently, the gene encoding the matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3,  stromelysin-1) was shown to be associated with anterior cruciate ligament  ruptures. The 5A/6A polymorphism in the promoter of the MMP-3 gene affects the  regulation of MMP-3 gene expression. We examined the association between  polymorphism within -1612 of the MMP-3 gene and ACL rupture in an independent  population. Eighty-six participants between 20 and 40 years of age with  surgically diagnosed ACL ruptures and 100 healthy controls between 18 and 28  years of age without history of ligament or tendon injuries were recruited for  the study. All participants were genotyped for the MMP-3 polymorphism (-1612  5A/6A). Statistical analyses of genotype frequencies between patients and  healthy controls were performed by the chi-square test. A significant  difference was found between ACL rupture subgroups in terms of genotype  association (5A+ (5A/5A, 5A/6A): 37.5% in contact sports vs 20% in  non-contact sports; P = 0.02). In allelic association, there were significant  differences (6A: 81.2% in contact sports vs 89.1% in non-contact sports,  5A: 18.8% in contact sports vs 10.9% in non-contact sports, P = 0.01).  The 5A+ genotype of MMP-3 was represented in ACL ruptures in contact sport  participants. We propose that this sequence variant is a specific genetic  element that should be included in a multifactorial model to understand the  etiologies and risk factors for ACL rupture.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Malila
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Yuktanandana
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Saowaprut
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Jiamjarasrangsi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Honsawek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3