title: 4-nonylphenol triggers apoptosis and affects 17-β-estradiol receptors in calvarial osteoblasts.
abstract: The present research examines the effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on mouse primary calvarial osteoblasts (COBs). Incubation of the cells with 4-NP at 10(-5)M and 10(-6)M striking decreased osteoblasts viability and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, measured by Annexin V, was greatly enhanced. In addition, an up-regulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a drop in ΔΨm and an increase of cleaved caspase 9 and 3 was found, suggesting that the alkylphenol induced osteoblast death via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, treatment with 4-NP was also able to increase cleaved caspase 8 in parallel with the truncated active Bid (t-Bid) suggesting that 4-NP-mediated apoptosis depends on cross talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. It is of relevance, that the apoptotic effects of 4-NP overcame 17-β-Estradiol (17-β E(2)) induced-survival on osteoblasts. Also, the alkylphenol interfered with 17-β E(2) regulated estrogen receptors expression.
authors: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy. giovanna.sabbieti@unicam.it
authors: Maria Giovanna
authors: MG
authors: Sabbieti
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Agas
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Palermo
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Mosconi
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Santoni
authors: Consuelo
authors: C
authors: Amantini
authors: Valerio
authors: V
authors: Farfariello
authors: Luigi
authors: L
authors: Marchetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011959:Receptors, Estradiol / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012886:Skull / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011959:Receptors, Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; C041594:4-nonylphenol