title: Possible involvement of monoaminergic neurotransmission in antidepressant-like activity of Emblica officinalis fruits in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, antidepressant-like activity of Emblica offcinalis Gaertn. fruits (Family: Euphorbiaceae) was evaluated in Swiss young male albino mice employing tail suspension test and forced swim test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the fruits was administered orally for 14 successive days to mice. On day 14, 60 min after extract administration, animals were subjected to tail suspension test and forced swim test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extract significantly decreased immobility period in both tail suspension test and forced swim test, indicating significant antidepressant-like activity. The lower dose (200 mg/kg) of the extract showed better antidepressant-like action. The efficacy of the extract was found to be comparable to fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), imipramine (15 mg/kg), and phenelzine (20 mg/kg). The extract did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Prazosin (alpha(1) -adrenoceptor antagonist), sulpiride (selective D(2) -receptor antagonist), baclofen (GABA(B) agonist), and p-CPA (tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor) significantly attenuated the extract-induced antidepressant-like effect. The extract also significantly decreased brain MAO-A levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aqueous extract might produce antidepressant-like effect by interaction with α(1)-adrenoceptors, dopamine D(2)- receptors, serotonergic, and GABA(B) receptors. In this study, aqueous extract was found to contain 2.94% of ascorbic acid. So ascorbic acid and other constituents like flavanoids, tannoid principles, and polyphenolic substances present in the aqueous extract of E. officinalis might be responsible for its antidepressant-like activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, aqueous extract of E. officinalis showed antidepressant-like activity probably by inhibiting MAO-A and GABA; and also due to its antioxidant activity.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Haryana, India. din_dhingra@rediffmail.com
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Dhingra
authors: Parul
authors: P
authors: Joshi
authors: Arun
authors: A
authors: Gupta
authors: Ritu
authors: R
authors: Chhillar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D028321:Plant Preparations; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid