title: Cloacal exstrophy variant with intravesical phallus: further description of anatomy and implications for gender reassignment.
abstract: Variant presentations of cloacal exstrophy are exceedingly rare. Historically, genetic males with cloacal extrophy were re-assigned to the female gender due to phallic inadequacy. Early recognition of intravesical phallic structures in cloacal exstrophy cases may impact gender reassignment discussions and long-term gender outcomes. We report the case of a male infant with cloacal exstrophy presenting with an intravesical phallus, review and compare the presenting anatomical features of the three previously reported cases, and discuss the potential impact of these findings on gender reassignment in these complex children.
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. tomaszewskijj@upmc.edu
authors: Jeffrey J
authors: JJ
authors: Tomaszewski
authors: Marc C
authors: MC
authors: Smaldone
authors: Glenn M
authors: GM
authors: Cannon
authors: Francis X
authors: FX
authors: Schneck
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Hackam
authors: Steven G
authors: SG
authors: Docimo
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D000071056:Anorectal Malformations; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome