title: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia, and metabolic changes after 3 months of treatment with antipsychotics--results from a German observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This observational study explored the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adult in- and outpatients with untreated or treated schizophrenia at baseline, and month-3 after initiation or switch of antipsychotic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  MetS-prevalence (AHA/NHLB-definition) was assessed and Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Factors associated with MetS were explored through univariate and multivariate logistic regressions (both visits).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS-prevalence was 44.3% (CI 39.8;48.9) at baseline and 49.6% (CI 45.0;54.2) at month-3. Previously unmedicated patients showed the lowest baseline MetS-prevalence (24.7%, CI 18.3;32.1). MetS-prevalence was not significantly different, regardless if patients previously received typical or atypical antipsychotics. Increased MetS-risk was associated with somatic comorbidity and non-smoking at both visits, and with non-psychiatric co-medication, male sex, and increased C-reactive protein at month-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At baseline, MetS was most prevalent in patients with previous antipsychotic medication. Limited metabolic changes were observed 3 months after switch/initiation of antipsychotic therapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: n.a.
authors: Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Medical Department, 61352 Bad Homburg, Werner-Reimers-Str. 2-4, Germany. kraemer_susanne@lilly.com
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Kraemer
authors: Anette
authors: A
authors: Minarzyk
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Forst
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Kopf
authors: Hans-Peter
authors: HP
authors: Hundemer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human