title: Estimating the origin and evolution characteristics for Korean HIV type 1 subtype B using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis.
abstract: The majority of Korean human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates are composed of the Korean clade B strain that is distinct from the subtype B prevalent in North America and Europe. However, it is still not clear how HIV-1 was introduced, transmitted, and evolved within the Korean population. To identify the evolutionary characteristics of Korean HIV-1, we estimate the molecular epidemic history of HIV-1 subtype B gp120 env in Korea in comparison with sequences isolated from other geographic locations. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) statistical inference was used to estimate the time of divergence of subtype B. The estimated time of divergence of subtype B and the distinct monophyletic Korean B cluster was estimated to be in the early and mid-1960s, respectively. Substitution rates were estimated at 7.3×10(-3) and 8.0×10(-3) substitutions per site per year for HIV-1 subtype B and Korean clade B, respectively. The demographic dynamics of two Korean data sets showed that the effective number of infections in Korea increased rapidly until the early 1980s, and then the rate only slowly increased until the mid-1990s when the population growth approached a steady-state. These results suggest that the growth rate of prevalent HIV-1 strains in Korea was lower than in other countries, suggesting that the evolution of HIV-1 Korean clade B was relatively slow. Furthermore, the limited transmission of HIV-1 within the Korean population likely led to the independent evolution of this virus to form the HIV-1 Korean clade B.
authors: Division of AIDS, Department of Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health South Korea, Cheongwon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. gabjkim@korea.kr
authors: Gab Jung
authors: GJ
authors: Kim
authors: Mi-Ran
authors: MR
authors: Yun
authors: Min Jee
authors: MJ
authors: Koo
authors: Bo-Gyeong
authors: BG
authors: Shin
authors: Joo-Shil
authors: JS
authors: Lee
authors: Sung Soon
authors: SS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D058872:Epidemics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120