title: Frontal assessment battery scores and non-motor symptoms in parkinsonian disorders.
abstract: Using data from the PRIAMO study, we investigated non-motor symptoms (NMS) versus frontal lobe dysfunction in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD); 808 patients with PD and 118 with atypical parkinsonisms (AP) were consecutively enrolled at 55 Centers in Italy. Twelve categories of NMS were investigated. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental Status Evaluation score ≤ 23.8 and frontal lobe dysfunction as a Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) score ≤ 3.48. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictor of frontal lobe dysfunction in 524 PD patients, and a generalized linear model was used for each of the six FAB items. Not only the total FAB scores but also the single FAB items were lower in AP versus PD (p ≤ 0.005). Age (OR = 1.05), cognitive impairment (OR = 9.54), lack of cardiovascular symptoms (OR = 3.25), attention or memory problems (OR = 0.59) and treatment with L: -DOPA (OR = 5.58) were predictors of frontal lobe dysfunction. MMSE was negatively associated with all FAB items (β ≤ -0.16) and age with all FAB items but prehension behavior (β ≤ -0.01). Previous use of L: -DOPA was negatively associated with verbal fluency (β = -0.32) possibly acting as surrogate marker of disease duration. Cognitive impairment is a predictor of frontal lobe dysfunction. Among NMS, lack of attention or memory problems were negatively associated with frontal impairment. Further studies are nonetheless needed to better identify the predictors of frontal impairment in PD patients.
authors: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Misericordia, Via Senese, 171, 58100, Grosseto, Italy. r.marconi@usl9.toscana.it
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Marconi
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Antonini
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Barone
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Colosimo
authors: Tania P
authors: TP
authors: Avarello
authors: Edo
authors: E
authors: Bottacchi
authors: Antonino
authors: A
authors: Cannas
authors: Maria G
authors: MG
authors: Ceravolo
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Ceravolo
authors: Giulio
authors: G
authors: Cicarelli
authors: Rosa M
authors: RM
authors: Gaglio
authors: Luisa
authors: L
authors: Giglia
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Iemolo
authors: Michela
authors: M
authors: Manfredi
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Meco
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Nicoletti
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Pederzoli
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Petrone
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Pisani
authors: Francesco E
authors: FE
authors: Pontieri
authors: Rocco
authors: R
authors: Quatrale
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Ramat
authors: Rossana
authors: R
authors: Scala
authors: Giampiero
authors: G
authors: Volpe
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Zappulla
authors: Anna Rita
authors: AR
authors: Bentivoglio
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Stocchi
authors: Giorgio
authors: G
authors: Trianni
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Del Dotto
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: De Gaspari
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Grasso
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Morgante
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Santangelo
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Fabbrini
authors: Letterio
authors: L
authors: Morgante
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires