title: Vaginal agenesis, the hymen, and associated anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Review anomalies in patients with vaginal agenesis. In particular, to clarify the impact of an absent hymen on the presence of other anomalies; on the success of creating a vagina with dilators; and on sexual function outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review; questionnaire on sexual function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gynecology service at a children's hospital and the practice of 1 gynecologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with vaginal agenesis were identified from the databases, as well as the subgroup in which hymenal status was known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding hymen, renal, skeletal, cardiac, and other anomalies; for women who had a neovagina, the technique used to create a functional vagina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 69 females (age range 2-70 years), renal tract anomalies (43.3%), vertebral anomalies (29%), cardiac anomalies (14.5%), and syndromes including Klippel-Feil (7%) and MURCS association (7%) were identified. Where hymenal status was known (n = 47), 31 were normal, and 16 had an absent hymen. Where the hymen was absent, renal agenesis was increased (odds ratio = 13.5, P < .001). There was no association between other anomalies and an absent hymen, or between the various anomalies. For women without a hymen, the likelihood of failing dilation therapy was increased (odds ratio = 21.7; P < .01].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An absent hymen makes renal agenesis more likely and increases the likelihood that dilator techniques will fail. This condition appears to be associated with reports of long-term problems with poor lubrication that are potentially related to the absence of the peri-hymenal Bartholin's glands.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kimberley
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Hutson
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Southwell
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Grover
mesh_terms: D058489:46, XX Disorders of Sex Development; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006924:Hymen / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D007714:Klippel-Feil Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019170:Somites / Q000002:abnormalities; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology