title: Gender, HIV status, and psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  More than 30 years after the onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, there is no information on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among HIV-positive individuals in the general population. We sought to compare the prevalence of 12-month psychiatric disorders among HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults stratified by sex and to examine the differential increase in risk of a psychiatric disorder as a function of the interaction of sex and HIV status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Face-to-face interviews were conducted between 2004 and 2005 with participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave 2, a large nationally representative sample of US adults (34,653). The diagnostic interview used was the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with their HIV-negative same-sex counterparts, HIV-positive men were more likely to have any mood disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 6.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99-12.44), major depressive disorder/dysthymia (OR = 3.77; 95% CI, 1.16-12.27), any anxiety disorder (OR = 4.02; 95% CI, 2.12-7.64), and any personality disorder (OR = 2.50; 95% CI, 1.34-4.67). In relation to their same-sex HIV-negative counterparts, the effect of HIV status on the odds of any mood disorder (OR = 7.17; 95% CI, 2.52-20.41), any anxiety disorder (OR = 3.45; 95% CI, 1.27-9.38), and any personality disorder (OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.16-6.10) was significantly greater for men than women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV status was significantly more strongly associated with psychiatric disorders in men than in women. HIV-positive men had a higher prevalence than HIV-negative men of most psychiatric disorders. By contrast, HIV-positive women were not significantly more likely than HIV-negative women to have psychiatric disorders.
authors: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
authors: Mariana
authors: M
authors: Lopes
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Olfson
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Rabkin
authors: Deborah S
authors: DS
authors: Hasin
authors: Analucía A
authors: AA
authors: Alegría
authors: Keng-Han
authors: KH
authors: Lin
authors: Bridget F
authors: BF
authors: Grant
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Blanco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology*; D006306:Health Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology