title: Effects of isolated hyperinsulinaemia on sensory function in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal symptoms such as pain, bloating, nausea and vomiting are more frequent in pre-diabetic states as well as established diabetes, compared to healthy individuals. The mechanisms behind these symptoms are multi-factorial and complex. Furthermore, the effect of isolated hyperinsulinaemia on visceral and peripheral sensory function is poorly understood. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate effects of acute hyperinsulinaemia on sensory function in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sensitivity to electrical oesophageal and median nerve stimulation was assessed in 15 healthy volunteers together with recording of evoked brain potentials. All subjects were studied both fasting and using a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was on average a 15% increased sensitivity to oesophageal electrical stimulation during hyperinsulinaemia compared to fasting state (P<0.05), but the sensation after median nerve stimulation remained stable (P=0.58). No significant changes in latencies and amplitudes of evoked brain potentials were observed after oesophageal or median nerve stimulation (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that acute isolated hyperinsulinaemia increases visceral sensitivity, but does not influence the somatic sensory function. The lack of changes in the evoked brain potentials may indicate that hyperinsulinaemia affects the visceral sensory system at a peripheral level. Our result suggests distinct functions of insulin in the various parts of the nervous system, and yields further clues to the significance of insulin as a satiety signal.
authors: Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. eirik.softeland.med@helse-bergen.no
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Søfteland
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Dimcevski
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Graversen
authors: B G
authors: BG
authors: Nedrebø
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Drewes
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Frøkjær
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004947:Esophagus / Q000294:innervation; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012528:Satiety Response; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C000006:insulin, neutral