title: High-grade primary leiomyosarcoma in the mandible: diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates in smooth muscle cells and is rarely found in the oral cavity. We present a case of high-grade primary leiomyosarcoma in the mandible and discuss the diagnosis process.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 64-year-old white man who had a slight increase in volume in the left-side mandible with a radiolucent osteolytic image with the destruction of the mandibular cortex. Incisional biopsy and preoperative examination were performed, including cone beam CT and examination by immunohistochemistry that defined the histologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The patient underwent reconstruction with an osteocutaneous flap with microvascular anastomosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two years after the surgery, there was no sign of recurrence of the lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of cone beam CT to define the limits of the lesion and the immunohistochemical findings were essential to establish the treatment plan.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás and Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Paulista University, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors: Inara Carneiro Costa
authors: IC
authors: Rege
authors: Nádia Lago
authors: NL
authors: Costa
authors: Aline Carvalho
authors: AC
authors: Batista
authors: Clóvis Martins
authors: CM
authors: da Silva
authors: Alexandre João
authors: AJ
authors: Meneghini
authors: Elismauro Francisco
authors: EF
authors: Mendonça
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D063175:Mandibular Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology