title: One versus two titanium screw fixation of autologous onlay bone grafts in the anterior maxilla: a randomised histological pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the histological presentation of local mandibular bone grafts fixed with one screw or two screws in buccal anterior maxillary augmentation procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local buccal defects of the anterior maxilla were reconstructed in 12 patients (mean age 47 ± 17 years, range 18 to 67 years) using autogenous cortical bone grafts from the mandibular retromolar area. Patients were randomised using envelopes containing study identification numbers. After randomisation, two screws were used to fix the bone graft in six patients, and one screw was used in the other six patients. Four months later during implant placement, a bone biopsy was taken with a trephine. The biopsies were processed for light microscope evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total bone volume varied from 35.8% to 72.4% (mean 51.1% ± 13.4%) in the one-screw group and from 28.7% to 56.6% (mean 40.8% ± 11.5%) in the two-screw group. The mean non-vital bone volume ranged from 0% to 2% (mean 0.9% ± 0.9%) in the one-screw group and from 0% to 8.9% (mean 2.2% ± 3.7%) in the two-screw group. The mean osteoid volume ranged from 2.2% to 7.3% (mean 5.4% ± 1.7%) in the one-screw group and from 2.0% to 16.4% (mean 7.3% ± 5%) in the two-screw group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant histological differences were found between the use of one or two screws to fix an autologous bone graft in buccal bone grafting procedures prior to implant placement.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Evita A C
authors: EA
authors: Burger
authors: Hamid
authors: H
authors: Meshkini
authors: Jerome A H
authors: JA
authors: Lindeboom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D015519:Bone Density; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium