title: Self-etching adhesive on intact enamel, with and without pre-etching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bond strengths of composite resin to enamel using self-etch adhesive (SEA) Clearfil SE bond system on intact enamel and enamel pre-etched with phosphoric acid were compared. The objective was to determine if the pre-etching would increase the bond strengths of the SEA systems to intact enamel and to evaluate the effect of pre-etching on bond formation of self-etch adhesives on intact enamel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Labial surfaces of 40 caries free permanent upper central and lateral incisors were cleaned, sectioned of their roots. All specimens were mounted on acrylic block and divided randomly into four groups. In two groups the application of self-etch adhesive, Clearfil SE bond was carried as per manufacturer's instructions, composite cylinders were built, whereas in the other two groups, 37% phosphoric acid etching was done before the application of self-etching adhesives. Then the resin tags were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and shear bond strength was measured using Instron universal testing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When phosphoric acid was used, there was significant increase in the depth of penetration of resin tags and in the Shear Bond Strength of composite to enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that out of both treatment groups, pre-etching the intact enamel with 37% phosphoric acid resulted in formation of longer resin tags and higher depth of penetration of resin tags of the Clearfil SE bond, and attaining higher bond strength of the Clearfil SE bond to intact enamel.
authors: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere 577004, Karnataka, India. devrasgm@gmail.com
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Devarasa
authors: V V
authors: VV
authors: Subba Reddy
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: Chaitra
authors: Y M
authors: YM
authors: Swarna
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000378:metabolism*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives