title: Salt preference and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease for Japanese men and women: the JACC study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to examine the association between salt preference and mortality from stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1988 and 1990, 35515 men and 49275 women aged 40-79 years completed a self-administered questionnaire in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by Monbusho. During a median duration of 16.4 years, 1970 stroke and 922 CHD deaths were observed. Salt preference was divided into three groups: low, moderate and high.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality rates per 1000 person-year from stroke were 2.0 for men, 1.3 for women and 1.6 for total subjects. The respective mortality from CHD was 1.1, 0.5 and 0.8, and that from total cardiovascular disease was 4.6, 2.9 and 3.6. Salt preference was positively associated with mortality from stroke for both sexes. The multivariable hazard ratios of stroke mortality for high versus low salt preference were 1.21(0.99-1.49) for men, 1.22(1.00-1.49) for women and 1.23(1.06-1.41) for total subjects. That positive association was primarily observed among male heavy drinkers (≥ 46.0 g ethanol/day). Salt preference tended to be inversely associated with mortality from CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salt preference was associated with increased mortality from stroke for both sexes, particularly for male heavy drinkers.
authors: Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. s-ikehara@pbhel.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors: Satoyo
authors: S
authors: Ikehara
authors: Hiroyasu
authors: H
authors: Iso
authors: Chigusa
authors: C
authors: Date
authors: Shogo
authors: S
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Inaba
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary