title: TREM-1 expression on neutrophils and monocytes of septic patients: relation to the underlying infection and the implicated pathogen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current knowledge on the exact ligand causing expression of TREM-1 on neutrophils and monocytes is limited. The present study aimed at the role of underlying infection and of the causative pathogen in the expression of TREM-1 in sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral venous blood was sampled from 125 patients with sepsis and 88 with severe sepsis/septic shock. The causative pathogen was isolated in 91 patients. Patients were suffering from acute pyelonephritis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), primary bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia (VAP/HAP). Blood monocytes and neutrophils were isolated. Flow cytometry was used to estimate the TREM-1 expression from septic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within patients bearing intrabdominal infections, expression of TREM-1 was significantly lower on neutrophils and on monocytes at severe sepsis/shock than at sepsis. That was also the case for severe sepsis/shock developed in the field of VAP/HAP. Among patients who suffered infections by Gram-negative community-acquired pathogens or among patients who suffered polymicrobial infections, expression of TREM-1 on monocytes was significantly lower at the stage of severe sepsis/shock than at the stage of sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decrease of the expression of TREM-1 on the membrane of monocytes and neutrophils upon transition from sepsis to severe sepsis/septic shock depends on the underlying type of infection and the causative pathogen.
authors: 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, ATTIKON General Hospital, 1 Rimini Str,, 12462 Athens, Greece. tpoukoulidou@hotmail.com
authors: Thekla
authors: T
authors: Poukoulidou
authors: Aikaterini
authors: A
authors: Spyridaki
authors: Ira
authors: I
authors: Mihailidou
authors: Petros
authors: P
authors: Kopterides
authors: Aikaterini
authors: A
authors: Pistiki
authors: Zoi
authors: Z
authors: Alexiou
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Chrisofos
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Dimopoulou
authors: Panagiotis
authors: P
authors: Drimoussis
authors: Evangelos J
authors: EJ
authors: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Koutelidakis
authors: Androniki
authors: A
authors: Marioli
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Mega
authors: Stylianos E
authors: SE
authors: Orfanos
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Theodorakopoulou
authors: Christos
authors: C
authors: Tsironis
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Maggina
authors: Vlassios
authors: V
authors: Polychronopoulos
authors: Iraklis
authors: I
authors: Tsangaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1