title: Interactions between serotonin transporter gene haplotypes and quality of mothers' parenting predict the development of children's noncompliance.
abstract: The LPR and STin2 polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) were combined into haplotypes that, together with quality of maternal parenting, were used to predict initial levels and linear change in children's (N = 138) noncompliance and aggression from age 18-54 months. Quality of mothers' parenting behavior was observed when children were 18 months old, and nonparental caregivers' reports of noncompliance and aggression were collected annually from 18 to 54 months of age. Quality of early parenting was negatively related to the slope of noncompliance only for children with the LPR-S/STin2-10 haplotype and to 18-month noncompliance only for children with haplotypes that did not include LPR-S. The findings support the notion that SLC6A4 haplotypes index differential susceptibility to variability in parenting quality, with certain haplotypes showing greater reactivity to both supportive and unsupportive environments. These different genetic backgrounds likely reflect an evolutionary response to variation in the parenting environment.
authors: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Sulik
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Eisenberg
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Lemery-Chalfant
authors: Tracy L
authors: TL
authors: Spinrad
authors: Kassondra M
authors: KM
authors: Silva
authors: Natalie D
authors: ND
authors: Eggum
authors: Jennifer A
authors: JA
authors: Betkowski
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Kupfer
authors: Cynthia L
authors: CL
authors: Smith
authors: Bridget
authors: B
authors: Gaertner
authors: Daryn A
authors: DA
authors: Stover
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Verrelli
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins