title: Polynuclear ruthenium, osmium and gold complexes. The quest for innovative anticancer chemotherapeutics.
abstract: Polynuclear compounds are a relatively new and successful approach in metal-based cancer chemotherapy as typified by the trinuclear Pt compound BBR3464 which was evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss newer developments of polynuclear ruthenium, osmium and gold complexes, focusing on their anticancer activity. The compounds presented are often supposed to exert their anticancer activity by different modes of action as compared to established drugs, including newly proposed mechanisms such as enzyme inhibition, crosslinking of biomacromolecules or through photo-activation, though many of the examples are also capable of binding to DNA nucleobases. Important metabolization and chemical characteristics of such compounds are discussed, and if the appropriate data is available, molecular modes of action are highlighted.
authors: University of Vienna, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Waehringer Str. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. christian.hartinger@univie.ac.at
authors: Christian G
authors: CG
authors: Hartinger
authors: Andrew D
authors: AD
authors: Phillips
authors: Alexey A
authors: AA
authors: Nazarov
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009992:Osmium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009992:Osmium; D006046:Gold; D012428:Ruthenium; D004247:DNA