title: Activation of the beta interferon promoter by paramyxoviruses in the absence of virus protein synthesis.
abstract: Conflicting reports exist regarding the requirement for virus replication in interferon (IFN) induction by paramyxoviruses. Our previous work has demonstrated that pathogen-associated molecular patterns capable of activating the IFN-induction cascade are not normally generated during virus replication, but are associated instead with the presence of defective interfering (DI) viruses. We demonstrate here that DIs of paramyxoviruses, including parainfluenza virus 5, mumps virus and Sendai virus, can activate the IFN-induction cascade and the IFN-β promoter in the absence of virus protein synthesis. As virus protein synthesis is an absolute requirement for paramyxovirus genome replication, our results indicate that these DI viruses do not require replication to activate the IFN-induction cascade.
authors: School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Killip
authors: School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Young
authors: School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors: B L
authors: BL
authors: Precious
authors: Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Goodbourn
authors: School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
authors: R E
authors: RE
authors: Randall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019213:Rubulavirus; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta