title: Improving immunogenicity and effectiveness of influenza vaccine in older adults.
abstract: Aging is associated with a decline in immune function (immunosenescence) that leads to progressive deterioration in both innate and adaptive immune functions. These changes contribute to the subsequent increased risk for infectious diseases and their sequelae. Vaccination is the most effective and inexpensive public health strategy for prevention of infection, despite the decreased efficacy of vaccines in older adults due to immunosenescence. The rapid rise in the older adult population globally represents a great challenge for vaccination programs. This article first addresses the status of innate and adaptive immune functions in aging and then focuses on influenza vaccine. The development history of influenza vaccines, current status, and potential strategies to improve the immunogenicity and vaccine effectiveness in older adults are discussed.
authors: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Bldg 15, SSB 611 B, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Weiping
authors: W
authors: Cao
authors: Jin Hyang
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Chirkova
authors: Adrian J
authors: AJ
authors: Reber
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Biber
authors: David K
authors: DK
authors: Shay
authors: Suryaprakash
authors: S
authors: Sambhara
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007252:Influenza Vaccines