title: [Antidotes: use guidelines and minimun stock in an emergency department].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a guide for antidotes and other medications used to counteract poisoning, and define the stock in an emergency department, as a safety priority for the part-time pharmacist assigned to the unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of specialist databases and web portals of the Spanish Society of Toxicology and the British National Poisons Information Service, as well as toxicology databases, TOXICONET, information from other hospitals, tertiary sources, Micromedex and Medline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Guide contains 42 active ingredients and is accessible to the Pharmacy and Emergency departments in electronic format. A minimum emergency stock was agreed based on the daily treatment of a 100 kg patient. This information, including updated expiry dates, is available at the emergency department antidote stock facilities and in electronic format. On a monthly basis, the pharmacist reviews the need to replace any drugs, due to their expiry date or lack of use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of evidence from high quality antidote studies, the variability due to the difficulties of updating sources and some geographical differences in their use means that decision-making can be difficult. It would be useful to have minimum quantity recommendations from societies of toxicology, regulatory agencies and organisations such as the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organisations. It would also be useful to have a suprahospital risk assessment to optimise management and ensure the availability of antidotes which are expensive, have a limited shelf life, or of which demand is difficult to forecast.
authors: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España. agarciam.hulp@salud.madrid.org
authors: A
authors: A
authors: García-Martín
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Torres Santos-Olmos
mesh_terms: D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D011041:Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes