title: Exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of humans and livestock. It causes a diverse array of diseases, ranging from relatively harmless localized skin infections to life-threatening systemic conditions. Among multiple virulence factors, staphylococci secrete several exotoxins directly associated with particular disease symptoms. These include toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), enterotoxins, and exfoliative toxins (ETs). The latter are particularly interesting as the sole agents responsible for staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), a disease predominantly affecting infants and characterized by the loss of superficial skin layers, dehydration, and secondary infections. The molecular basis of the clinical symptoms of SSSS is well understood. ETs are serine proteases with high substrate specificity, which selectively recognize and hydrolyze desmosomal proteins in the skin. The fascinating road leading to the discovery of ETs as the agents responsible for SSSS and the characterization of the molecular mechanism of their action, including recent advances in the field, are reviewed in this article.
authors: Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland. mbukow@gmail.com
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Bukowski
authors: Benedykt
authors: B
authors: Wladyka
authors: Grzegorz
authors: G
authors: Dubin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000633:toxicity; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D005083:Exfoliatins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013206:Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000633:toxicity; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005083:Exfoliatins; D018089:Superantigens; D037521:Virulence Factors; C030107:enterotoxin F, Staphylococcal