title: Antipsychotic drugs and risk of pulmonary embolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antipsychotic drugs (APs) expose users to several adverse effects. Some reports describe an increased risk of venous thromboembolism for particular drugs in this family.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between the risks of pulmonary embolism (PE) and AP use and assess any dose-effect relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of data in 'Premier's Perspective' a large US hospital database for 2006. Adults in the AP group had at least one prescription of AP. Logistic regression analysis was performed to detect association between PE and AP use. The dose-effect relationship was assessed according to quantities and administration routes. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders: age, sex, the components of the Charlson co-morbidity index, diagnoses of infection, sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, psychotic disorders and hospital inpatient or outpatient status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 28,723,771 adults included in 2006, 450,951 (1.6%) were prescribed AP. Haloperidol was most commonly prescribed (157,667 patients or 35.0%), but atypical APs represented over 78% of prescriptions. The risk of PE was higher in AP users than in the total population (OR = 1.17 [95%CI 1.13-1.21]; p < 0.001) and depended on the type of AP used: clozapine was associated with the highest risk. Risk seemed correlated to higher doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-hospital prescription data were unavailable, potentially underestimating the number of patients exposed. The relative timing of AP prescription and PE was not available. Results did not include deep vein thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests an increased risk of PE with AP treatment, varying with type of AP and dependent on dose.
authors: Department of Pharmacy, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
authors: Benoit
authors: B
authors: Allenet
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Schmidlin
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Genty
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Bosson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine; D006220:Haloperidol