title: Ethnic differences in breast cancer survival: status and determinants.
abstract: Ethnic differences in breast cancer survival have been a long-standing concern. The objective of this article is to present relevant studies for all major US racial/ethnic groups including African-Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Japanese-Americans and Native Hawaiians, and to discuss underlying causes of disparity. In comparison to Caucasian women, African-American women continue to experience the poorest breast cancer-specific survival of all ethnic groups in the USA. The prognosis for Latinos, Native Hawaiians and Native Americans is intermediate, better than for African-Americans but not as good as for Caucasians, whereas Japanese-American women tend to have better outcomes. The following possible contributors to the observed differences are discussed in detail: unfavorable distribution of stage at diagnosis due to low screening rates, limited access to care and treatment, tumor type, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, obesity and physical activity.
authors: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. gertraud@cc.hawaii.edu
authors: Gertraud
authors: G
authors: Maskarinec
authors: Cherisse
authors: C
authors: Sen
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Koga
authors: Shannon M
authors: SM
authors: Conroy
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People