title: Lower urinary tract symptoms in primiparous women before and during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), in particular urinary incontinence (UI), commonly develops during pregnancy or following delivery. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of the LUTS before and during pregnancy, and to demonstrate the relationships between various obstetric parameters and UI.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this observational study, 1,501 consecutive primiparae who delivered at ≥ 36 gestational weeks were recruited in a tertiary hospital. A urogynecological questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of LUTS before and during pregnancy. The relationships between various obstetric parameters and UI were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of LUTS increased over the course of pregnancy. The most commonly reported LUTS symptoms, regardless of pregnancy trimester, were nocturia (51.1%) and frequency (40.3%), UI (37.5%), urgency (31.1%), incomplete bladder emptying (26.3%), straining (15.3%), and voiding difficulty (14.5%). Stress UI (SUI) (26.7%) was more common during pregnancy than mixed UI (6.1%) or urge UI (4.7%). Women with a prepregnancy BMI >30 were at increased risk of developing de novo SUI during pregnancy. Urge incontinence during pregnancy was associated with smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of LUTS generally increased with gestational age. UI during pregnancy was associated with prepregnancy BMI and smoking.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. ccjoliang@cgmh.org.tw
authors: Ching-Chung
authors: CC
authors: Liang
authors: Shuenn-Dhy
authors: SD
authors: Chang
authors: Shu-Jen
authors: SJ
authors: Lin
authors: Yu-Jr
authors: YJ
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D015995:Prevalence; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult