title: Ochratoxin A in ruminants−A review on its degradation by gut microbes and effects on animals.
abstract: Ruminants are much less sensitive to ochratoxin A (OTA) than non-ruminants. The ruminal microbes, with protozoa being a central group, degrade the mycotoxin extensively, with disappearance half lives of 0.6-3.8 h. However, in some studies OTA was detected systemically when using sensitive analytical methods, probably due to some rumen bypass at proportions of estimated 2-6.5% of dosage (maximum 10%). High concentrate proportions and high feeding levels are dietary factors promoting the likeliness of systemic occurrence due to factors like shifts in microbial population and higher contamination potential. Among risk scenarios for ruminants, chronic intoxication represents the most relevant.
authors: Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany. mmob@itw.uni-bonn.de
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Mobashar
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Hummel
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Blank
authors: Karl-Heinz
authors: KH
authors: Südekum
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012418:Ruminants
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A