title: Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized patients: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
abstract: METHODS
  The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations on prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism for hospitalized nonsurgical patients (medical patients and patients with acute stroke).
  
  
  METHODS
  This guideline is based on published literature on the topic from 1950 through April 2011 that was identified by using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and reference lists of pertinent randomized trials and systematic reviews to identify additional reports. Searches were limited to randomized trials and English-language publications. The primary outcome for this guideline was total mortality up to 120 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes included symptomatic deep venous thrombosis; all pulmonary embolisms; fatal pulmonary embolism; all bleeding events; major bleeding events; and, for mechanical prophylaxis, effects on skin. This guideline grades the evidence and recommendations by using the ACP's clinical practice guidelines grading system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACP recommends assessment of the risk for thromboembolism and bleeding in medical (including stroke) patients prior to initiation of prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACP recommends pharmacologic prophylaxis with heparin or a related drug for venous thromboembolism in medical (including stroke) patients unless the assessed risk for bleeding outweighs the likely benefits (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACP recommends against the use of mechanical prophylaxis with graduated compression stockings for prevention of venous thromboembolism (Grade: strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACP does not support the application of performance measures in medical (including stroke) patients that promotes universal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis regardless of risk.
authors: American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, USA. aqaseem@acponline.org
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Qaseem
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Chou
authors: Linda L
authors: LL
authors: Humphrey
authors: Melissa
authors: M
authors: Starkey
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Shekelle
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D053828:Stockings, Compression; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin