title: Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors (CNFs)-A Growing Toxin Family.
abstract: The Escherichia coli Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factors, CNF1, CNF2, CNF3 and CNFY from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis belong to a family of deamidating toxins. CNFs deamidate glutamine 63/61 in the switch II region of Rho GTPases that is essential for GTP hydrolysing activity. Deamidation leads to constitutive activation of Rho GTPases. However, cellular mechanisms like proteasomal degradation of the activated Rho proteins restrict the action of the GTPases. This review describes the differences between the toxin family members concerning expression, cellular entry and substrate specificity.
authors: Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Zeynep.Knust@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
authors: Zeynep
authors: Z
authors: Knust
authors: Gudula
authors: G
authors: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015011:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D003603:Cytotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins