title: Interobserver reliability of radial head fracture classification: two-dimensional compared with three-dimensional CT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Broberg and Morrey modification of the Mason classification of radial head fractures has substantial interobserver variation. This study used a large web-based collaborative of experienced orthopaedic surgeons to test the hypothesis that three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) scans improve the interobserver reliability of the classification of radial head fractures according to the Broberg and Morrey modification of the Mason classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five orthopaedic surgeons evaluated twelve radial head fractures. They were randomly assigned to review either radiographs and two-dimensional CT scans or radiographs and three-dimensional CT images to determine the fracture classification, fracture characteristics, and treatment recommendations. The kappa multirater measure (κ) was calculated to estimate agreement between observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-dimensional CT had moderate agreement and two-dimensional CT had fair agreement among observers for the Broberg and Morrey modification of the Mason classification, a difference that was significant. Observers assessed seven fracture characteristics, including fracture line, comminution, articular surface involvement, articular step or gap of ≥2 mm, central impaction, recognition of more than three fracture fragments, and fracture fragments too small to repair. There was a significant difference in kappa values between three-dimensional CT and two-dimensional CT for fracture fragments too small to repair, recognition of three fracture fragments, and central impaction. The difference between the other four fracture characteristics was not significant. Among treatment recommendations, there was fair agreement for both three-dimensional CT and two-dimensional CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although three-dimensional CT led to some small but significant decreases in interobserver variation, there is still considerable disagreement regarding classification and characterization of radial head fractures. Three-dimensional CT may be insufficient to optimize interobserver agreement.
authors: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Thierry G
authors: TG
authors: Guitton
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Ring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009985:Orthopedics; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States; D000092464:Elbow Injuries