title: A method for the making and utility of gadolinium-labeled albumin microbubbles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin microbubbles (PESDA) binds scavenger receptors and can be noninvasively imaged. To enhance imaging, gadolinium (Gd)-labeled PESDA was developed and tested in a model of vascular inflammation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Purified human serum albumin (HSA) (5%) was labeled with Gd via the covalent binding of diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid. Abdominal aortic tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats (n=5 per group) were analyzed by 7-T MRI and scanning electron microscopy to evaluate PESDA binding. Labeling-purified 5% human albumin resulted in an average of 16.1 Gd atoms per albumin molecule as determined by atomic absorption. Forty-eight hours after balloon angioplasty, aortic tissue was enhanced with Gd-PESDA as compared to control tissue. 7-T MRI of explanted tissues was sensitive to the detection of retained PESDA. Enhancement of aortic tissue in vivo was present albeit to a lesser extent than explanted tissue from the same animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSA was successfully labeled, and an albumin-based microbubble with Gd was synthesized. This contrast agent, Gd-PESDA, may serve as an additional agent for the MRI evaluation of innate inflammation and used to noninvasively image early vascular pathophysiologic processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, Gd-PESDA microbubbles and were synthesized and shown to detect the binding of these microbubbles using MRI in injured aortic tissue. The method for synthesizing Gd-PESDA is detailed, and the proposed utility of this new contrast agent is discussed.
authors: Experimental Immunology, Research in Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 982265 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2265, USA. danderso@unmc.edu
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Anderson
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Duryee
authors: Robert P
authors: RP
authors: Garvin
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Boska
authors: Geoffrey M
authors: GM
authors: Thiele
authors: Lynell W
authors: LW
authors: Klassen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000737:chemistry*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012709:Serum Albumin; D005682:Gadolinium