title: Reflux of drug during intra-vitreal anti-VEGF therapies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report reflux of anti-VEGF drug during intravitreal injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of electronic case notes of patients undergoing intra-vitreal anti-VEGF treatments. Prospective data collection was performed with a specific emphasis on presence or absence of reflux.
  
  
  RESULTS
  152 records of 102 eyes were available from an 8-month period. 119 Ranibizumab injections and 33 bevazicumab injections were considered. Reflux was noted in 48 injections (31%). For eyes with first injection of anti-VEGF agent, reflux was noted in 9/23 eyes. Eyes with at least one previous injection were observed to have reflux in 24/79 eyes. Presence of reflux was statistically tested against posterior vitreous detachment and phakic status and was found to be statistically insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-vitreal anti-VEGF injections with volumes of 0.05  ml appears to produce displacement of the conjunctiva with a transient fluid-filled bleb immediately after the injection in approximately 1/3 of eyes.
authors: Walton Day Care Hospital, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK. musmansaeed@aol.com
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Usman Saeed
authors: Ruchika
authors: R
authors: Batra
authors: Farhan
authors: F
authors: Qureshi
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D001682:Biological Availability; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab