title: Enhanced invasion in vitro and the distribution patterns in vivo of CD133+ glioma stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that cancer stem cells cause tumor recurrence based on their resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although the highly invasive nature of glioblastoma cells is also implicated in the failure of current therapies, it is not clear whether cancer stem cells are involved in invasiveness. This study aimed to assess invasive ability of glioma stem cells (GSCs) derived from C6 glioma cell line and the distribution patterns of GSCs in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat brain tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum-free medium culture and magnetic isolation were used to gain purely CD133(+) GSCs. The invasive ability of CD133(+) and CD133(-) C6 cells were determined using matrigel invasion assay. Immunohistochemical staining for stem cell markers and luxol fast blue staining for white matter tracts were performed to show the distribution patterns of GSCs in brain tumor of rats and the relationship among GSCs, vessels, and white matter tracts. The results of matrigel invasion assay were estimated using the Student's t test and the analysis of Western blotting was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD133(+) GSCs (number: 85.3 ± 4.0) were significantly more invasive in vitro than matched CD133(-) cells (number: 25.9 ± 3.1) (t = 14.5, P < 0.005). GSCs invaded into the brain diffusely and located in perivascular niche of tumor-brain interface or resided within perivascular niche next to white fiber tracts. The polarity of glioma cells containing GSCs was parallel to the white matter tracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that CD133(+) GSCs exhibit more aggressive invasion in vitro and GSCs in vivo probably disseminate along the long axis of blood vessels and transit through the white matter tracts. The therapies targeting GSCs invasion combined with traditional glioblastoma multiforme therapeutic paradigms might be a new approach for avoiding malignant glioma recurrence.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors: Sheng-ping
authors: SP
authors: Yu
authors: Xue-jun
authors: XJ
authors: Yang
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhang
authors: Hao-lang
authors: HL
authors: Ming
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Bing-cheng
authors: BC
authors: Ren
authors: Zhi-feng
authors: ZF
authors: Liu
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006023:Glycoproteins; D010455:Peptides; C000606025:Prom1 protein, rat