title: Effects of malachite green on the mRNA expression of detoxification-related genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and other major Chinese freshwater fishes.
abstract: The use of malachite green (MG) in fish farming is prohibited in China due to its potentially toxicological and carcinogenic nature, but it is still illegally used in some places. The aim of this study was to investigate the time and concentration-dependent responses of xenobiotic metabolizing and detoxification-related genes in diverse fishes exposed to MG both in vivo and in vitro. Experimental fish were administered to two exposure groups of malachite green (MG) (0.10 and 0.50 mg L⁻¹) for 8 h. The hepatocytes isolated from Nile tilapia were incubated with MG (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L⁻¹) for 8 and 24 h, respectively. In vivo, exposure to 0.10 and 0.50 mg L⁻¹ MG for 8 h caused significant changes of the detoxification-related genes on the mRNA expression levels. Low-concentration (0.10 mg L⁻¹) level of MG induced significant increase on the mRNA expression level of GSTR gene in Nile tilapia and other fishes. The mRNA expression of grass carp UCP2 was significantly induced when exposed to 0.5 mg L⁻¹ MG. However, the mRNA expression levels of GSTA, CYP1A, and GPX were inhibited significantly by 0.5 mg L⁻¹ MG in Nile tilapia, grass carp, and Taiwan snakehead. In vitro, the significant increase of mRNA expression of these genes was detected after exposure to 0.5 mg L⁻¹ MG (UCP2), and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ MG (CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTR, and UCP2). The induction of hepatic CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTR, and UCP2 in response to MG suggested a potential role of fish CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTR, and UCP2 in MG metabolism.
authors: College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
authors: Guangyu
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Shen
authors: Xu-Fang
authors: XF
authors: Liang
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: He
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D023681:Cichlids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010473:Perciformes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D013624:Taiwan; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; C005095:malachite green; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase