title: Natural toxins for use in pest management.
abstract: Natural toxins are a source of new chemical classes of pesticides, as well as environmentally and toxicologically safer molecules than many of the currently used pesticides. Furthermore, they often have molecular target sites that are not exploited by currently marketed pesticides. There are highly successful products based on natural compounds in the major pesticide classes. These include the herbicide glufosinate (synthetic phosphinothricin), the spinosad insecticides, and the strobilurin fungicides. These and other examples of currently marketed natural product-based pesticides, as well as natural toxins that show promise as pesticides from our own research are discussed.
authors: Natural Products Utilization, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 8048, University, MS 38677, USA. Stephen.duke@ars.usda.gov
authors: Stephen O
authors: SO
authors: Duke
authors: Charles L
authors: CL
authors: Cantrell
authors: Kumudini M
authors: KM
authors: Meepagala
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Wedge
authors: Nurhayat
authors: N
authors: Tabanca
authors: Kevin K
authors: KK
authors: Schrader
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020049:Isoptera; D008974:Mollusca / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D010575:Pesticides; D010675:Pheromones; D014118:Toxins, Biological