title: Biomarker responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water from a North Sea oil field: laboratory and field assessments.
abstract: Biological markers of produced water (PW) exposure were studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in both laboratory and field experiments, using authentic PW from a North Sea oil field. In the laboratory study, the PW exposure yielded significantly elevated levels of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APs) in bile even at the lowest exposure dose (0.125% PW). Other biomarkers (hepatic CYP1A induction and DNA adduct formation) responded at 0.25% and 0.5% PW concentrations. In the field study, bile metabolite markers and hepatic CYP1A were clearly increased in fish caged close to the PW outfall. Induction of plasma vitellogenin was not found in laboratory or field exposures, suggesting that the levels of oestrogen agonists (such as APs) might not have been sufficient to elicit induction, under the present conditions. The applicability of the biomarkers for use in water column biomonitoring programs is discussed.
authors: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: rolf.sundt@iris.no.
authors: Rolf C
authors: RC
authors: Sundt
authors: Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Ruus
authors: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway.
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Jonsson
authors: Laboratory for Aquatic Ecotoxicology, The Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Halldóra
authors: H
authors: Skarphéðinsdóttir
authors: Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
authors: Sonnich
authors: S
authors: Meier
authors: Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
authors: Merete
authors: M
authors: Grung
authors: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway.
authors: Jonny
authors: J
authors: Beyer
authors: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway.
authors: Daniela M
authors: DM
authors: Pampanin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019652:Extraction and Processing Industry; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009659:North Sea; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018736:DNA Adducts; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum; D010636:Phenols; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1