title: Minimally invasive approach in the management of upper- urinary-tract tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision has been the gold standard treatment for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (UTTCC) for more than 60 years. However, endoscopic treatment of urothelial tumours of renal pelvis and ureter is gaining acceptance as a conservative treatment modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review in the English language of the Medline and Pub Med databases was performed using the keywords upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma and endoscopic management. There was a particular emphasis on treatment outcomes from published series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic treatment of UTTCC alone for high-grade tumours is not advised owing to high rates of both local recurrence and disease progression, while many authors do not recommend primary endoscopic management of UTTCC in elective situations if pathological analysis and tumour grade cannot be obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endourological management of UTTCC has become an accepted treatment option in highly selected patients, provided long-term close surveillance to detect and treat recurrences is ensured.
authors: 2nd Department of Urology, University of Athens, Medical School, Sismanoglion Hospital, Athens, Greece. stadamis@med.uoa.gr
authors: Stefanos
authors: S
authors: Adamis
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Varkarakis
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy