title: Health promotion in the workplace: assessing stress and lifestyle with an intranet tool.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic noncommunicable conditions, particularly cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, are the major causes of death and morbidity in both industrialized and low- to middle-income countries. Recent epidemiological investigations suggest that management of lifestyle factors, such as stress and lack of physical activity, could have an important value in cardiometabolic conditions, while information technology tools could play a significant facilitatory role.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to verify the feasibility of using a private website, directed to the workers of a major Italian company, to describe their health profile and lifestyle and work habits using an ad hoc self-administered questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered anonymous multiple choice Web-based questionnaires to 945 participants (683 completed the task) as part of an ongoing health promotion program in a multinational company. Qualitative and quantitative data were synthesized with nonlinear principal component analysis to construct indicators (ie, variables) for stress, control, and lifestyle domains. Considering in addition absenteeism, the Calinski-Harabasz statistic and cluster analysis jointly differentiated seven clusters, which displayed different distributions of standardized classification variables. The final step consisted in assessing the relationship of the resulting seven subject typologies with personal data, illnesses, and metabolic syndrome status, carried out for the most part with descriptive methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses singled out two not-overlapping domains of stress and control, as well as three not-overlapping domains of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol habits. The centroids of the seven clusters generated by the procedure were significantly (P < .001) different considering all possible 21 comparisons between couples of groups. Percentage distributions of variables describing personal information (gender, age group, work category, illness status, or metabolic syndrome) within participant typologies show some noteworthy findings: females, workers aged 35-44 years, junior white collar workers, and respondents reporting illness were more prevalent in the stress group than in the overall studied population; preclinical metabolic syndrome status was more prevalent in the group with higher alcohol consumption. Absentees reported more illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present Intranet-based study shows the potential of applying diverse statistical techniques to deal jointly with qualitative and quantitative self-reported data. The resulting formal description of subject typologies and their relationship with personal characteristics might provide a convenient tool for supporting health promotion in the work environment.
authors: Centro di ricerca sulla Terapia Neurovegetativa e Medicina dell'Esercizio, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. daniela.lucini@ctnv.unimi.it
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Lucini
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Solaro
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Lesma
authors: Veronique Bernadette
authors: VB
authors: Gillet
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Pagani
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D012907:Smoking; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires