title: Oral contraceptive and progestin-only use correlates to tissue tumor marker expression in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was conducted to investigate correlations between combined oral contraceptive (COC), any progestin-only contraceptive, medicated intrauterine device (MID) or systemic progestin-only (Syst-P) use and tumor marker expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared to nonusers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred ninety-five women of fertile age with cervical biopsies ranging histologically from normal epithelium to carcinoma in situ were recruited consecutively. Combined oral contraceptive, Syst-P and MID users were investigated according to the expression of 11 tumor markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was observed in COC users, while interleukin 10 was underexpressed. When users of progestogen-only contraceptives were analyzed, there was a lower expression of cytokeratin 10 and interleukin 10. When only MID users were analyzed, a high expression of p53 was found. Expression of Cox-2, p53 and retinoblastoma protein differed between COC and MID users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed molecular alterations, which, in general, have not been studied previously in COC users and have never been studied in progestogen-only users. These biological events might be involved in epidemiological correlations found between hormonal contraceptive use and cervical neoplasms.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Falun Hospital, 79182 Falun, Sweden. raghad.samir@ltdalarna.se
authors: Raghad
authors: R
authors: Samir
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Asplund
authors: Tibor
authors: T
authors: Tot
authors: Gyula
authors: G
authors: Pekar
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Hellberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011372:Progestins; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D011372:Progestins