title: Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in ruminants can be reduced by orange peel product feeding.
abstract: Foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 are threats to the safety of beef. Citrus peel and dried orange pulp are by-products from citrus juice production that have natural antimicrobial effects and are often incorporated into least-cost ration formulations  for beef and dairy cattle. This study was designed to determine if orange peel and pulp affected E. coli O157:H7 populations in vivo. Sheep (n = 24) were fed a cracked corn grain-based diet that was supplemented with a 50-50 mixture of dried orange pellet and fresh orange  peel to achieve a final concentration (dry matter basis, wt/wt) of 0, 5, or 10% pelleted orange peel (OP) for 10 days. Sheep were artificially inoculated with 10(10) CFU of E. coli O157:H7 by oral dosing. Fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 was measured daily for 5 days  after inoculation, after which all animals were humanely euthanized. At 96 h postinoculation, E. coli O157:H7 shedding was reduced (P < 0.05) in sheep fed 10% OP. Populations of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 were reduced by OP treatment throughout the gastrointestinal  tract; however, this reduction reached significant levels in the rumen (P < 0.05) of sheep fed 10% OP diets. Cecal and rectal populations of E. coli O157:H7 were reduced (P < 0.05) by inclusion of both 5 and 10% OP diets. Our results demonstrate that orange peel  products can be used as a preharvest intervention strategy as part of an integrated pathogen reduction scheme.
authors: Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. todd.callaway@ars.usda.gov
authors: Todd R
authors: TR
authors: Callaway
authors: Jeffery A
authors: JA
authors: Carroll
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Arthington
authors: Tom S
authors: TS
authors: Edrington
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Rossman
authors: Mandy A
authors: MA
authors: Carr
authors: Nathan A
authors: NA
authors: Krueger
authors: Steven C
authors: SC
authors: Ricke
authors: Phil
authors: P
authors: Crandall
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Nisbet
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents