title: Qualitative characteristics of HDL in young patients of an acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, the concept that high density lipoprotein (HDL) quality is an important parameter for atheroprotection is gaining ground, though little data exists so far to support it. In an attempt to identify measurable qualitative parameters of HDL associated with increased risk for premature myocardial infarction (MI), we studied the structural characteristics of HDL from patients who survived an MI at a young age (≤35 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 20 MI patients and 20 healthy control subjects. HDL of patients had reduced apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein M, and paraoxonase 1 levels and significantly elevated apolipoprotein C-III (apoCIII) levels (all p<0.05). Specifically, the HDL apoA-I/apoC-III ratio was 0.24±0.01 in patients versus 4.88±0.90 in controls (p<0.001). These structural alterations correlated with increased oxidation potential of HDL of the MI group compared to controls (2.5-fold, p=0.026). Electron microscopy showed no significant difference in average HDL particle diameter between the two groups though a significant difference existed in HDL diameter distribution, suggesting the presence of different HDL subpopulations in MI and control subjects. Indeed, non-denaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that MI patients had reduced pre-β1(α), pre-β1(b) and α(2), and elevated α(1), α(3), and pre-α(4) HDL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction in the HDL apoA-I/apoC-III ratio, changes in the HDL subpopulation distribution and an increase in HDL oxidation potential correlated with the development of MI in young patients. The possibility that such changes may serve as markers for the early identification of young individuals at high risk for an acute coronary event should be further explored.
authors: Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece.
authors: Anthula E
authors: AE
authors: Kavo
authors: Loukianos S
authors: LS
authors: Rallidis
authors: George C
authors: GC
authors: Sakellaropoulos
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Lehr
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Hartwig
authors: Juergen
authors: J
authors: Eckel
authors: Polyxeni I
authors: PI
authors: Bozatzi
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Anastasiou-Nana
authors: Panagiota
authors: P
authors: Tsikrika
authors: Kyriakos E
authors: KE
authors: Kypreos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000097:blood; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human