title: Bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins: translation of pathogenic peptides into novel targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.
abstract: Heat-stable toxins (STs) produced by enterotoxigenic bacteria cause endemic and traveler's diarrhea by binding to and activating the intestinal receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C). Advances in understanding the biology of GC-C have extended ST from a diarrheagenic peptide to a novel therapeutic agent. Here, we summarize the physiological and pathophysiological role of GC-C in fluid-electrolyte regulation and intestinal crypt-villus homeostasis, as well as describe translational opportunities offered by STs, reflecting the unique characteristics of GC-C, in treating irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation, and in preventing and treating colorectal cancer.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 South 10th Street, 1170 Main, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. egerialin@gmail.com
authors: Jieru E
authors: JE
authors: Lin
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Valentino
authors: Glen
authors: G
authors: Marszalowicz
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Magee
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Li
authors: Adam E
authors: AE
authors: Snook
authors: Brian A
authors: BA
authors: Stoecker
authors: Chang
authors: C
authors: Chang
authors: Scott A
authors: SA
authors: Waldman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003248:Constipation / Q000188:drug therapy; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C034151:heat stable toxin (E coli); D000074261:Receptors, Enterotoxin; D050705:Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled; C523483:linaclotide