title: Acquisition of cross-ethnic friends by recent immigrants in Canada: a longitudinal approach.
abstract: This paper examines the development of inter-ethnic friendships between immigrants and Canadians. It uses longitudinal data from three waves of the Canadian LSIC survey, in which newly arrived immigrants were followed during the first 4 years of settlement. It is found that pre-migration characteristics play an important role in the development of inter-ethnic friendships: immigrants who arrive at a younger age and for economic reasons, as well as those who are highly educated and have a cross-ethnic partner at the moment of arrival, establish more inter-ethnic friendships over time. In addition, post-migration characteristics affect the formation of inter-ethnic friendships. Such friendships are more common among immigrants who embrace Canadian traditions and acquire the host-country language, as well as among those who work in international settings and inhabit ethnically mixed neighborhoods. The effects of pre-migration characteristics are partially mediated by post-migration characteristics. Our findings point out that economic, cultural, and spatial integration are all conducive to inter-ethnic friendships.
authors: Utrecht University.
authors: Borja
authors: B
authors: Martinovic
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: van Tubergen
authors: Ineke
authors: I
authors: Maas
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation / Q000266:history; D002170:Canada / Q000208:ethnology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000193:education / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D033062:Friends / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D012933:Social Identification