title: Ancient DNA suggests the leading role played by men in the Neolithic dissemination.
abstract: The impact of the Neolithic dispersal on the western European populations is subject to continuing debate. To trace and date genetic lineages potentially brought during this transition and so understand the origin of the gene pool of current populations, we studied DNA extracted from human remains excavated in a Spanish funeral cave dating from the beginning of the fifth millennium B.C. Thanks to a "multimarkers" approach based on the analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (autosomes and Y-chromosome), we obtained information on the early Neolithic funeral practices and on the biogeographical origin of the inhumed individuals. No close kinship was detected. Maternal haplogroups found are consistent with pre-Neolithic settlement, whereas the Y-chromosomal analyses permitted confirmation of the existence in Spain approximately 7,000 y ago of two haplogroups previously associated with the Neolithic transition: G2a and E1b1b1a1b. These results are highly consistent with those previously found in Neolithic individuals from French Late Neolithic individuals, indicating a surprising temporal genetic homogeneity in these groups. The high frequency of G2a in Neolithic samples in western Europe could suggest, furthermore, that the role of men during Neolithic dispersal could be greater than currently estimated.
authors: Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5288, 31073 Toulouse, France. lacan.marie@netcourrier.com
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Lacan
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Keyser
authors: François-Xavier
authors: FX
authors: Ricaut
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Brucato
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Tarrús
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: Bosch
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Guilaine
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Crubézy
authors: Bertrand
authors: B
authors: Ludes
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005580:Fossils; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D012380:Role
chemical_list: D004247:DNA