title: γ-Glutamyl transferase and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels are synergistically associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in community-dwelling persons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Decreased high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin levels are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. Changes in γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels are also associated with metabolic syndrome and could be modulated by HMW adiponectin.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a single community, we recruited 822 men (mean age, 61±14 years) and 1,097 women (63±12 years) during their annual health examination. We investigated whether increased GGT and decreased HMW adiponectin levels are synergistically associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance as evaluated by homeostasis of model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these subjects, 141 men (17.2%) and 170 women (15.5%) had metabolic syndrome. In men, the odds ratios (ORs) [(95% confidence interval (CI)] for metabolic syndrome across tertiles of GGT and HMW adiponectin were 1.00, 2.31 (1.25-4.24) and 3.39 (1.75-6.55) and 1.00, 0.51 (0.32-0.82) and 0.30 (0.17-0.54), respectively. In women, the ORs (95% CI) for metabolic syndrome across tertiles of GGT and HMW adiponectin were 1.00, 1.39 (0.81-2.40) and 1.79 (1.06-3.01) and 1.00, 0.35 (0.22-0.55) and 0.27 (0.15-0.46), respectively. The ORs for insulin resistance were increased in relation to GGT only in women, and decreased significantly in relation to HMW adiponectin in both genders. The interaction between increased GGT and decreased HMW adiponectin was a significant and independent determinant for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that higher GGT and lower HMW adiponectin levels are synergistically associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
authors: Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan. rykawamo@yahoo.co.jp
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Kawamoto
authors: Yasuharu
authors: Y
authors: Tabara
authors: Katsuhiko
authors: K
authors: Kohara
authors: Tetsuro
authors: T
authors: Miki
authors: Tomo
authors: T
authors: Kusunoki
authors: Masanori
authors: M
authors: Abe
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase