title: Quality of life in chronic venous disease patients measured by short Chronic Venous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-14) in Serbia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This was a psychometric validation of the short Chronic Venous Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-14) as quality of life (QOL) instrument for chronic venous disease (CVD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients aged >18 years who had CVD in CEAP C stages C0s to C6 were included in the study. Diagnosis was made by general practitioners according to CVD symptoms and visual examination of the lower extremities. QOL was assessed with the self-administrated CIVIQ-14. The reliability, construct, and convergent validity of the CIVIQ-14 was estimated as well as QOL of CVD patients according to CEAP C stages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised 2260 subjects who fully completed the CIVIQ-14. CIVIQ-14 had a high level of reliability, construct, and convergent validity, but the structure of its three dimensions (pain [P], physical [PHY], and psychological [PSY]) was suboptimal. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and number of CVD symptoms, CIVIQ -14 global, P, PHY, and PSY scores showed significant progressive reduction of QOL from CEAP class C0s to C6. These differences were present in both sexes. The progressive impairment of the QOL involved primarily the pain and the physical items. For all CEAP C classes, the P and PHY scores were lower than the PSY scores. Global scores for men and women were: 76.7 and 73.9 for C0s; 75.5 and 70.6 for C1; 67.8 and 64.5 for C2; 68.3 and 61.6 for C3; 60.7 and 54.6 for C4; 49.5 and 50.2 for C5; and 41.3 and 46.7 for C6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD in the lower extremities has a substantial effect on both physical and psychologic aspects of QOL, the physical aspects of QOL (P and PHY items) being more important. CIVIQ-14 is valuable in assessing QOL in CVD patients. Further investigations are necessary to confirm the stability of its two dimensions.
authors: Department of Vascular Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors: Djordje J
authors: DJ
authors: Radak
authors: Hristina D
authors: HD
authors: Vlajinac
authors: Jelena M
authors: JM
authors: Marinković
authors: Miloš Ž
authors: MŽ
authors: Maksimović
authors: Zivan V
authors: ZV
authors: Maksimović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055771:Serbia; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology