title: [Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients with urinary lithiasis in Fortaleza, Ceará].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients with urolithiasis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data were collected from the medical records of 197 patients with urolithiasis, during the period 1996-2006. Clinical evaluation and 24-h urine collection for measurements of urinary volume, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, uric acid, sodium, potassium and magnesium were performed. Density and pH value were determined in a first-voided morning urine sample. Cystinuria was detected by stone and/or crystal analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The male/female ratio was 1:1.7. The average age of symptom onset was 35.8 ± 13.3 years, with no significant difference between the genders. The most affected age range was 20-39 years (56.3%). Patients reported renal colic (72.4%), emergency room attendance (69.5%), a single episode of lithiasis (46.7%) or recurrent episodes (53.3%). The right kidney was most often affected in women (44.4%), while men suffered predominantly from bilateral lithiasis (39.7%). The main metabolic changes observed were hypernatriuria (80.7%), hypercalciuria (48.7%), hyperuricosuria (17.3%), and cystinuria in 5 patients (2.5%). The average pH value and density were 5.74 ± 0.59 and 1015.6 ± 7.1, respectively. Urinary volume was low in 43% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithiasis was most prevalent in adults aged 20-39 years, and affected predominantly women in our region. The most frequent metabolic changes, in descending order, were hypernatriuria, followed by hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria, associated with low fluid intake.
authors: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.
authors: Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro da
authors: SF
authors: Silva
authors: Sônia Leite da
authors: SL
authors: Silva
authors: Henry de Holanda
authors: Hde H
authors: Campos
authors: Elizabeth De Francesco
authors: Ede F
authors: Daher
authors: Carlos Antônio Bruno da
authors: CA
authors: Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult