title: Goshawk prey have more bacteria than non-prey.
abstract: 1. Predators often prey on individuals that are sick or otherwise weakened. Although previous studies have shown higher abundance of parasites in prey, whether prey have elevated loads of micro-organisms remains to be determined. 2. We quantified the abundance of bacteria and fungi on feathers of woodpigeons Columba palumbus L., jays Garrulus glandarius L. and blackbirds Turdus merula L. that either fell prey to goshawks Accipiter gentilis L. or were not depredated. 3. We found an almost three-fold increase in bacterial load of prey compared with non-prey, while there was no significant difference between prey and non-prey in level of fungal infection of the plumage. 4. The results were not confounded by differences in size or mass of feathers, date of collection of feathers, or date of analysis of feathers for micro-organisms. 5. These findings suggest a previously unknown contribution of bacteria to risk of predation, with important implications for behaviour, population ecology and community ecology.
authors: Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France. anders.moller@u-psud.fr
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: Møller
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Peralta-Sánchez
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Nielsen
authors: E
authors: E
authors: López-Hernández
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Soler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D010856:Columbidae / Q000382:microbiology; D003718:Denmark; D005241:Feathers / Q000382:microbiology*; D020387:Food Chain; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D046428:Hawks / Q000502:physiology*; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D020308:Songbirds / Q000382:microbiology