title: Identification of hypoglycaemic compounds from berries of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus through bioactivity guided isolation technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decoction of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae) berries is used internally as tea and pounded fruits are consumed to lower blood glucose levels in Turkey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity of J. oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus berries and to identify active compounds through bioactivity guided isolation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypoglycaemic effect of J. oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus (Joso) berry extracts on oral administration was studied using in vivo models in normal, glucose-hyperglycaemic rats. Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were used to examine antidiabetic activity of Joso extracts, subextracts, fractions, subfractions and shikimic acid (SA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through in vivo bioactivity-guided fractionation processes, shikimic acid, 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ferulic acid and oleuropeic acid-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from the n-butanol subextract by silica gel and reverse phase column chromatography as the main active ingredient of the active subfraction. After 8 days administration of the major compound shikimic acid, blood glucose levels (24%), malondialdehyde levels in kidney tissues (63-64%) and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) of diabetic rats were decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that Joso berry extract and its active constituents might be beneficial for diabetes and its complications.
authors: Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06330, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey. nsendogdu@gazi.edu.tr
authors: Nilüfer
authors: N
authors: Orhan
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Aslan
authors: Mert
authors: M
authors: Pekcan
authors: Didem Deliorman
authors: DD
authors: Orhan
authors: Erdal
authors: E
authors: Bedir
authors: Fatma
authors: F
authors: Ergun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018653:Juniperus / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D005960:Glucosides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; C522976:ferulin acid glucoside; D012765:Shikimic Acid