title: Lung cancer risk attributable to occupational exposures in a multicenter case-control study in Central and Eastern Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the lung cancer risk attributable to occupational lung carcinogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was collected through interviews from 2624 newly diagnosed lung cancer cases and 2690 frequency-matched controls in Central and Eastern Europe. Industrial hygiene experts evaluated exposure to 70 occupational agents. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression and attributable fractions (AF) by Miettinen's formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to at least one occupational lung carcinogen resulted in an AF of 7.9% in men and 1.4% in women. Metals and silica contributed the most to the AF. The AF was highest for squamous cell carcinoma among men (11.4%) and for small cell carcinoma among women (7.1%); the effect of occupational lung carcinogens was stronger overall among current smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This estimation of the AF of occupational lung carcinogens is comparable to that estimated in other European studies, and cannot alone explain the high lung cancer rates in Central and Eastern Europe.
authors: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. olsson@iarc.fr
authors: Ann C
authors: AC
authors: Olsson
authors: Per
authors: P
authors: Gustavsson
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Zaridze
authors: Anush
authors: A
authors: Mukeriya
authors: Neonila
authors: N
authors: Szeszenia-Dabrowska
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Rudnai
authors: Jolanta
authors: J
authors: Lissowska
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Fabianova
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Mates
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Bencko
authors: Lenka
authors: L
authors: Foretova
authors: Vladimir
authors: V
authors: Janout
authors: Joelle
authors: J
authors: Fevotte
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: 't Mannetje
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Fletcher
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Brennan
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Boffetta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment