title: Mitochondrial-nuclear co-evolution and its effects on OXPHOS activity and regulation.
abstract: Factors required for mitochondrial function are encoded both by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The order of magnitude higher mutation rate of animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) enforces tight co-evolution of mtDNA and nuclear DNA encoded factors. In this essay we argue that such co evolution exists at the population and inter-specific levels and affect disease susceptibility. We also argue for the existence of three modes of co-evolution in the mitochondrial genetic system, which include the interaction of mtDNA and nuclear DNA encoded proteins, nuclear protein - mtDNA-encoded RNA interaction within the mitochondrial translation machinery and nuclear DNA encoded proteins-mtDNA binging sites interaction in the frame of the mtDNA replication and transcription machineries. These modes of co evolution require co-regulation of the interacting factors encoded by the two genomes. Thus co evolution plays an important role in modulating mitochondrial activity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
authors: Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion Unniversity of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Bar-Yaacov
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Blumberg
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Mishmar
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056890:Eukaryota; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077278:RNA, Mitochondrial; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C029305:mitochondrial messenger RNA