title: Dental developmental disturbances in 50 individuals with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome; relation to medical conditions?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to examine tooth and enamel disturbances in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and to analyze associations with medical conditions, birth characteristics and blood values of calcium and PTH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty individuals participated in the study (27 females, median age 10 years, range 1.5-44). Congenital absence of teeth was studied on orthopantomograms; 1148 teeth were examined, both clinically and radiologically, and enamel hypomineralizations and hypoplasias were recorded. Medical history and findings were recorded as part of a larger study on the manifestations of 22q11.2-deletion syndrome in Norway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tooth agenesis was observed in 15% of study participants. Sixty-six percent of the participants and 26.0% of teeth presented with enamel disturbances. Of these, 12 individuals (24.0%) and 215 teeth (18.7%) had hypomineralizations and four individuals (8.0%) and 86 teeth (7.5%) had hypoplasias. Seventeen participants (34.0%) presented with both types of disturbance, but rarely in the same tooth. Only two teeth (0.17%) had both types of disturbance. Hypomineralizations were twice as frequent in permanent as in primary teeth. No correlations were found to medical conditions, except that participants with congenital cardiac anomalies presented with fewer total enamel disturbances and hypomineralizations in permanent teeth than those without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enamel disturbances were frequently seen. There were more hypomineralizations than hypoplasias. Hypoparathyroidism and/or hypocalcemia are not clear etiological factors for enamel disturbances and there were no major correlations between medical conditions and enamel disturbances.
authors: National Resource Centre for Oral Health in Rare Medical Conditions, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway. hilde.nordgarden@tako.no
authors: Hilde
authors: H
authors: Nordgarden
authors: Kari
authors: K
authors: Lima
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Skogedal
authors: Ivar
authors: I
authors: Følling
authors: Kari
authors: K
authors: Storhaug
authors: Tore G
authors: TG
authors: Abrahamsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000848:Anodontia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002118:Calcium