title: Dental caries area of rat molar expanded by cigarette smoke exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Passive smoking is the involuntary inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS) and has an adverse impact on oral health. We examined the effect of CS exposure on caries risk and experimental dental caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental dental caries was induced in rat maxillary molars which were inoculated orally with Streptococcus mutans MT8148 and maintained on a cariogenic diet (diet 2000) and high sucrose water during the experimental period. CS-exposed rats were intermittently housed in an animal chamber with whole-body exposure to CS until killed. Whole saliva was collected before CS exposure (day 0) and for 30 days after the start of CS exposure. Saliva secretion was stimulated by administration of isoproterenol and pilocarpine after anesthesia. Maxillary molars were harvested on day 31.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in body weight of the CS-exposed rats was less than that of the control rats. Salivary flow rate, concentration of S. mutans in the stimulated saliva and caries activity score did not significantly differ between 0 and 30 days after the start of CS exposure. Histological examination of the caries-affected area on maxillary molars 30 days after CS exposure showed expansion compared to control rats. In the electron probe microanalysis, no differences were observed between the mineral components of the CS-exposed teeth and the control teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that CS exposure expands the caries-affected area in the maxillary molars of the rat.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Fujinami
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Nakano
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Ueda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ara
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hattori
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kawakami
authors: P-L
authors: PL
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology*; D003732:Dental Caries Activity Tests; D004037:Diet, Cariogenic; D018450:Disease Progression; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012235:Rhodamines; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012636:Secretory Rate; D013295:Streptococcus mutans; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C022027:lissamine rhodamine B; D003367:Cotinine