title: Ocular pharmacokinetics profile of different indomethacin topical formulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the ocular pharmacokinetics of indomethacin following topical administration of two different formulations present in the market.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbits received a multiple topical instillation (30 μL) of indomethacin ophthalmic suspension containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (IND-HPMC; Indom™ Alfa-Intes) or indomethacin ophthalmic solution with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (IND-CD; Indocollirio™ Bausch & Lomb). Aqueous humor, vitreous humor, and retina were collected from animals at fixed time intervals after dosing. Indomethacin ocular levels were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the pharmacokinetic parameters--peak drug concentration (C(max)), time to peak value (T(max)), and area under the concentration-time curve between 0 and 240 min (AUC(0-240))--were determined. All of the animals were treated according to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak concentrations of indomethacin in aqueous and vitreous were achieved within 30 min and 60 min after a single instillation of IND-HPMC and IND-CD, respectively. Retinal T(max) was 30 min and 120 min in the IND-HPMC-treated group and the IND-CD-treated group, respectively. Higher levels of indomethacin were found in retina after IND-HPMC administration compared to IND-CD (AUC(0-240) 272.9 ng/g per min vs. AUC(0-240) 73.5 ng/g/min, respectively; P<0.01). Also in the aqueous and vitreous, the drug levels were statistically higher (P<0.01) in the IND-HPMC group in comparison with the IND-CD group (AUC(0-240) 2039 ng/mL per min vs. AUC(0-240) 427.3 ng/mL per min, AUC(0-240) 53.8 ng/mL per min vs. AUC(0-240) 12.5 ng/mL per min, respectively). The highest drug levels in the ocular tissues were found following IND-HPMC administration compared with IND-CD (retina: C(max) 73.7±6.4 ng/g vs. 25.5±1.73 ng/g; aqueous: C(max) 952±6.8 ng/mL vs. 163±4.1 ng/mL; vitreous C(max) 31±3.5 ng/mL vs. 6.37±3.6 ng/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IND-HPMC treatment demonstrates a nonclinical ocular pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin characterized by higher concentrations of drug in ocular tissues (4.7-, 4.3- and 3.7-fold higher in aqueous, vitreous, and retina, respectively) compared to the ND-CD-treated group. Taken together, these data seem to indicate that IND-HPMC formulation has good ocular distribution reaching relevant indomethacin levels in the back of the eye, and suggest that this formulation may be very useful for clinicians to manage retinal conditions.
authors: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. claudio.bucolo@unict.it
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Bucolo
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Melilli
authors: Cateno
authors: C
authors: Piazza
authors: Monia
authors: M
authors: Zurria
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Drago
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose; D007213:Indomethacin