title: High levels of immunoglobulin E and a continuous increase in immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M by age in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing, either because of environmental factors accelerating onset of the disease or because of inducement of autoimmune diabetes in children who previously were at lower risk. High levels of immunoglobulin (Ig), specifically, IgM and IgA, and a low level of IgG were reported in adult patients; however no studies have analyzed the increasing incidence in relation to Ig levels. Our aim was to describe Ig in children newly diagnosed with diabetes and in their healthy siblings. Children with T1D expressed significantly lower IgG (p < 0.01) and higher IgA levels (p = 0.045), whereas no differences in IgE or IgM (p > 0.5) levels were found. Age-specific levels were unchanged over a 9-year period. In patients and siblings IgG, IgA and IgE increased by age (p < 0.001); which was in contrast to IgM (p > 0.05). The continued increase in IgG levels by age indicates that adult levels are reached later than in previously studied cohorts, thereby indicating a slower maturation of the immune system.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
authors: Jannet
authors: J
authors: Svensson
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Eising
authors: Henrik Bindesbøl
authors: HB
authors: Mortensen
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Christiansen
authors: Inga
authors: I
authors: Laursen
authors: Åke
authors: Å
authors: Lernmark
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Nilsson
authors: Lars Bjarke
authors: LB
authors: Simonsen
authors: Bendix
authors: B
authors: Carstensen
authors: Flemming
authors: F
authors: Pociot
authors: Jesper
authors: J
authors: Johannesen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D018448:Models, Immunological; D012621:Seasons; D035781:Siblings; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007073:Immunoglobulin E