title: Effects of acute ingestion of different fats on oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight and obese adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies show that obese individuals have prolonged elevations in postprandial lipemia and an exacerbated inflammatory response to high fat meals, which can increase risk for cardiovascular diseases. As epidemiological studies indicate an association between type of fat and circulating inflammatory markers, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different fat sources on inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight and obese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven overweight and obese subjects consumed three high fat milkshakes rich in monounsaturated fat (MFA), saturated fat (SFA), or long-chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fat (O3FA) in random order. Blood samples collected at baseline, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours postprandial were analyzed for markers of inflammation (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP)), oxidative stress (8-epi-prostaglandin-F2α (8-epi) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)), and metabolic factors (glucose, insulin, non-esterified free fatty acids, and triglycerides (TG)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  O3FA enhanced NF-kB activation compared to SFA, but did not increase any inflammatory factors measured. Conversely, SFA led to higher ICAM-1 levels than MFA (p = 0.051), while MFA increased TG more than SFA (p < 0.05). CRP increased while TNF-α and 8-epi decreased with no difference between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While most of the inflammatory factors measured had modest or no change following the meal, ICAM-1 and NF-κB responded differently by meal type. These results are provocative and suggest that type of fat in meals may differentially influence postprandial inflammation and endothelial activation.
authors: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Abigail.peairs@uc.edu
authors: Abigail D
authors: AD
authors: Peairs
authors: Janet W
authors: JW
authors: Rankin
authors: Yong Woo
authors: YW
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost