title: The phytoalexin resveratrol regulates the initiation of hypersensitive cell death in Vitis cell.
abstract: Resveratrol is a major phytoalexin produced by plants in response to various stresses and promotes disease resistance. The resistance of North American grapevine Vitis rupestris is correlated with a hypersensitive reaction (HR), while susceptible European Vitis vinifera cv. 'Pinot Noir' does not exhibit HR, but expresses basal defence. We have shown previously that in cell lines derived from the two Vitis species, the bacterial effector Harpin induced a rapid and sensitive accumulation of stilbene synthase (StSy) transcripts, followed by massive cell death in V. rupestris. In the present work, we analysed the function of the phytoalexin resveratrol, the product of StSy. We found that cv. 'Pinot Noir' accumulated low resveratrol and its glycoside trans-piceid, whereas V. rupestris produced massive trans-resveratrol and the toxic oxidative δ-viniferin, indicating that the preferred metabolitism of resveratrol plays role in Vitis resistance. Cellular responses to resveratrol included rapid alkalinisation, accumulation of pathogenesis-related protein 5 (PR5) transcripts, oxidative burst, actin bundling, and cell death. Microtubule disruption and induction of StSy were triggered by Harpin, but not by resveratrol. Whereas most responses proceeded with different amplitude for the two cell lines, the accumulation of resveratrol, and the competence for resveratrol-induced oxidative burst differed in quality. The data lead to a model, where resveratrol, in addition to its classical role as antimicrobial phytoalexin, represents an important regulator for initiation of HR-related cell death.
authors: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany. chang.xiaoli@bio.uni-karlsruhe.de
authors: Xiaoli
authors: X
authors: Chang
authors: Ernst
authors: E
authors: Heene
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Qiao
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Nick
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000468:Alkalies / Q000378:metabolism; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027843:Vitis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013267:Stilbenes; C075462:harpin protein, Erwinia amylovora; D000217:Acyltransferases; C022674:stilbene synthase; D000077185:Resveratrol; D000094162:Phytoalexins