title: Effects of an unfixed combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine on the intraocular pressure and pupil size of normal dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) induced by daily application of an unfixed combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine in normal dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen mixed breed clinically normal dogs of both sexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of five dogs each were administered in the right eye, one drop of 0.005% latanoprost (group L), 2% pilocarpine (group P), and 0.005% latanoprost with 2% pilocarpine (group LP), respectively. The left eyes received placebo. Drugs were administered once a day at 8 a.m. over a period of 5 days. IOP and PD measurements were conducted daily at 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 12 noon, 2 p.m., and 4 p.m. from 1 day preceding treatment to 7 days following treatment, and the presence of blepharospasm and/or conjunctival hyperemia was noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to baseline values, mean diurnal IOPs significantly decreased during the treatment period, by 4.4 (24.4%), 5.8 (31.4%), and 6.1 mmHg (35%) in the L, P, and LP groups, respectively. Compared to placebo-treated eyes, reductions of 2.1(14.1%), 3.2 (20.1%), and 4.1 mmHg (26.6%) were observed for the L, P, and LP groups, respectively. Although mean IOPs in the LP group decreased slightly more than the other two groups, these differences were not statistically significant. Miosis and conjunctival hyperemia were observed in the treated eyes of all three groups of animals during the treatment period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both 0.005% latanoprost and 2% pilocarpine individually produced significant decrease in IOP, the topical administration of a combination of latanoprost (0.005%) and pilocarpine (2%) was not associated with a statistically significant synergistic reduction in IOP in dogs; and miosis was the most frequent side effect observed during treatment.
authors: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P. O. Box: 71345-1731, Shiraz, Iran. sarchahi@shirazu.ac.ir
authors: Ali Asghar
authors: AA
authors: Sarchahi
authors: Nadia
authors: N
authors: Abbasi
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Gholipour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D015877:Miosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D010862:Pilocarpine; D000077338:Latanoprost