title: Electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements using a four-electrode configuration improve on-line monitoring of cell concentration in adherent animal cell cultures.
abstract: This paper describes the improvement in the use of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for animal cell concentration monitoring of adherent cultures by using a four-electrode configuration instead of the commonly used two-electrode configuration. This four-electrode configuration prevents cell concentration measurements from external masking effects such as the electrode covering ratio, the degree of cellular adherence to the electrodes and the impedance of the measuring electrodes. Cell concentration was monitored using both four-electrode and two-electrode configurations in vero cell and human mesenchymal stem cell cultures in order to analyze the attained improvement in two cell lines with opposite growth characteristics. The experiments performed with vero cell cultures evidenced that the four-electrode configuration enables cell concentration measurements along all culture phases, even once the culture reached cell confluence (over 2×10(5) cells/cm(2)), confirming that this configuration is less effected by all the external influences. The experiments performed with human mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated good sensitivity of the measurement at very low cell concentrations, as well as a very good robustness all over the 12-days experiment. Finally, off-line cell measurements during cell cultures proved good accuracy of impedance measurements carried out with a four-electrode configuration along all cell growth phases, enabling determination of relevant cell growth parameters.
authors: Cellular and Tissue Engineering Group (GECiT), Chemical Engineering Department, ETSE Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. esarro@hexascreen.com
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sarró
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Lecina
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fontova
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Solà
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Gòdia
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Cairó
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bragós
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014709:Vero Cells