title: Ochratoxin A and aflatoxins in liquorice products.
abstract: The occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs) in liquorice products made in Italy was surveyed. Twenty-eight samples of dried liquorice extract and fifty-four of liquorice confectionery (liquorice content between 2 and 10%) were collected from retail outlets located in northern Italy. After extraction and purification through an immunoaffinity column, OTA and AFs were analysed using both HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MS/MS. OTA occurred in all samples of dried liquorice extract and in 61% of samples of liquorice confectionery, showing very high values for the former (mean 89.6 µg kg(-1), maximum value 990.1 µg kg(-1)), and relatively low levels for the latter (mean 0.96 µg kg (-1), maximum value 8.3 µg kg (-1)). The contribution of dried liquorice extract to OTA intake appears to be non-negligible for children, who are potentially high consumers. AF contamination resulted very low: AFB (1) was detected only in 15.8% of samples (maximum value 7.7 µg kg (-1), mean 0.38 and 0.41 µg kg (-1) for dried liquorice extract and liquorice confectionery, respectively); the other AFs were not detected. To our knowledge, it is the first time that AFB (1) has been detected in liquorice extract samples.
authors: Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84 I-29100 Piacenza, Italy. amedeo.pietri@unicatt.it
authors: Amedeo
authors: A
authors: Pietri
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Rastelli
authors: Terenzio
authors: T
authors: Bertuzzi
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006035:Glycyrrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C025589:ochratoxin A