title: High-intensity aerobic training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to compare the effect of physical exercise program on the endothelial function of patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized for high intensity aerobic training (HI: 80% maximum heart rate, n=10), low intensity aerobic training (LI: 55% of maximum heart rate, n=10) and control (n=11). Before and after 6 weeks of training, subjects performed the maximal exercise test and a study of the endothelial function, through a high resolution ultrasound of the brachial artery, which was assessed after reactive hyperemia (endothelium dependent vasodilation) and nitrate administration (endothelium independent vasodilation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31 patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied, with mean age of 58±6 years, The percentage diameter difference of the vessel after hyperemia was significantly higher for the high intensity group (HI before 2.52±2.85% and after 31.81±12.21%; LI before 3.23±3.52% and after 20.61±7.76%; controls before 3.56±2.33% and after 2.43±2.14%; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High intensity aerobic training improved the functional capability and endothelium dependent vasodilator response, but it does not improve the endothelium independent vasodilation in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors: Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. carlosas@ymail.com
authors: Carlos Alberto
authors: CA
authors: da Silva
authors: Jorge P
authors: JP
authors: Ribeiro
authors: Júlio César A U
authors: JC
authors: Canto
authors: Ronaldo Ernani
authors: RE
authors: da Silva
authors: Geraldo B
authors: GB
authors: Silva Junior
authors: Edson
authors: E
authors: Botura
authors: Marco Antonio R
authors: MA
authors: Malschitzky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors