title: Validation, repeatability and reproducibility of a noninvasive instrument for measuring thoracic and lumbar curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The need for early identification of postural abnormalities without exposing patients to constant radiation has stimulated the development of instruments aiming to measure the spinal curvatures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To verify the validity, repeatability and reproducibility of angular measures of sagittal curvatures of the spine obtained using an adapted arcometer, by comparing them with Cobb angles of the respective curvatures obtained by using X-rays.
  
  
  METHODS
  52 participants were submitted to two procedures designed to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar curvatures: (1) X-ray examination from which the Cobb angles (CA) of both curvatures were obtained, and (2) measuring the angles with the arcometer (AA). Two evaluators collected the data using the arcometer, with the rods placed at T1, T12, L1 and L5 spinous processes levels in a way as to permit linear measurements which, with aid of trigonometry, supplied the AA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a very strong and significant correlation between AA and CA (r=0.94; p<0.01), with no-significant difference (p=0.32), for the thoracic curvature. There was a strong and significant correlation for the lumbar curvature (r=0.71; p<0.01) between AA and CA, with no-significant difference (p=0.30). There is a very strong correlation between intra-evaluator and inter-evaluator AA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was possible to quantify reliably the thoracic and lumbar curvatures with the arcometer and it can thus be considered valid and reliable and for use in evaluating spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane.
authors: Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Fabiana O
authors: FO
authors: Chaise
authors: Cláudia T
authors: CT
authors: Candotti
authors: Marcelo L
authors: ML
authors: Torre
authors: Tássia S
authors: TS
authors: Furlanetto
authors: Patricia P T
authors: PP
authors: Pelinson
authors: Jefferson F
authors: JF
authors: Loss
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008141:Lordosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities*