title: Food composition database harmonization for between-country comparisons of nutrient data in the TEDDY Study.
abstract: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study (TEDDY) aims at examining the associations between islet autoimmunity and various environmental exposures, (e.g. diet) in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United States (US). In order to produce comparable results from dietary assessments, the national food composition databases (FCDB) must contain mutually comparable food composition data. Systematic comparison (definition, unit of measurement, and method of analysis) of energy, protein, fats, carbohydrates, cholesterol, fiber, 13 vitamins, and 8 minerals was carried out among the FCDB of the four countries. Total fat, cholesterol, vitamin A: retinol equivalents and beta-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B(12), calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, and zinc are comparable across all four databases. Carbohydrates, fiber, sugars, fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin E: alpha-tocopherol, vitamin K, vitamin C, pantothenic acid, niacin, manganese, and copper are comparable or can be converted comparable at least across three of the databases. Vitamin E: alpha-tocopherol equivalents, will be comparable across all databases after Finland and Germany subtract tocotrienols from their values. Nitrogen values were added to the Swedish and US databases. After recalculation of protein from nitrogen (Sweden and US), and subtraction of fiber from the total carbohydrate (Finland) followed by recalculations of energy, these values will be comparable across the countries. Starch and folate are not comparable.
authors: University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors: Ulla
authors: U
authors: Uusitalo
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Kronberg-Kippila
authors: Carin Andren
authors: CA
authors: Aronsson
authors: Sally
authors: S
authors: Schakel
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Schoen
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Mattisson
authors: Heli
authors: H
authors: Reinivuo
authors: Katherine
authors: K
authors: Silvis
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Sichert-Hellert
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Stevens
authors: Jill M
authors: JM
authors: Norris
authors: Suvi M
authors: SM
authors: Virtanen