title: Excess mortality after hip fracture among elderly women in Norway. The HUNT study.
abstract: We wanted to study mortality after hip fractures among elderly women in Norway. We found that excess mortality was highest short time after hip fracture, but persisted for several years after the fracture. The excess mortality was not explained by pre-fracture medical conditions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate short and long term mortality after hip fracture, and to evaluate how comorbidity, bone mineral density, and lifestyle factors affect the survival after hip fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort emerges from a population-based health survey in the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. Women aged 65 or more at participation at the health survey who sustained a hip fracture after attending the health survey are cases in this study (n = 781). A comparison cohort was constructed based on participants at HUNT 2 with no history of hip fractures (n = 3, 142). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate crude survival, and Cox regression analyses were used to study age-adjusted hazard ratios for mortality and for multivariable analyses involving relevant covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean length of follow-up after fracture was 2.8 years. Within the first 3 months of follow-up, 78 (10.0%) of the hip fracture patients died, compared to only 39 (1.7%) in the control group. HR for mortality 3 months after hip fracture was 6.5 (95% CI 4.2-9.6). For the entire follow-up period women who sustained a hip fracture had an HR for mortality of 1.9 (95% CI 1.6-2.3), compared with women without a hip fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that elderly women who sustained a hip fracture had increased mortality risk. The excess mortality was highest short time after the fracture, but persisted for several years after the fracture, and was not explained by pre-fracture medical conditions.
authors: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, PB 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. anna.b.gronskag@ntnu.no
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Grønskag
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Romundstad
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Forsmo
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Langhammer
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Schei
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008019:Life Style; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors