title: Hip strength in adults with type 1 diabetes is associated with age at onset of diabetes.
abstract: We investigated the association of age at onset of type 1 diabetes with areal bone mineral density (aBMD), estimates of bone strength, and outer diameter. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), aBMD, axial strength (cross-sectional area [CSA]), bending strength (section modulus [SM]), and outer diameter at the narrow neck, intertrochanter, and shaft of the proximal femur were determined for 60 adults. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine if the DXA-based measures of bone were related to age at onset and if this relationship differed by gender. Age at onset, gender, and the interaction of age at onset by gender were included in the ANCOVA models along with current age, duration, height, lean soft tissue mass, and hemoglobin A1c as covariates. In the adjusted models with CSA, SM, or outer diameter as the dependent variable, age at onset (p<0.01) and gender (p<0.0001) were significant with no interaction. For shaft aBMD, there was a significant age at onset by gender interaction (p=0.0285), where an earlier onset was associated with lower aBMD in the femoral shaft of females but not males. The findings suggest that an earlier onset of type 1 diabetes is associated with lower measures of bone strength and outer diameter.
authors: Department of Medical Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. rmaser@udel.edu
authors: Raelene E
authors: RE
authors: Maser
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Kolm
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: Modlesky
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Beck
authors: M James
authors: MJ
authors: Lenhard
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D017668:Age of Onset; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors