title: Urgent suspected cancer referrals from general practice: audit of compliance with guidelines and referral outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Late diagnosis contributes to the UK having poorer cancer survival than many countries in Europe. Cancer referral guidelines help GPs decide which patients to refer urgently for further investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine primary care referral patterns, compliance with referral guidance, and eventual outcome for patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective audit within general practice in Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  GPs in Scotland reviewed all urgent suspected cancer referrals over a 6-month period. They noted the final diagnosis and assessed whether the referral was in accordance with agreed referral guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 775 urgent suspected cancer referrals were analysed from 516 GP practices. The referral rate ranged from 3.7 to 24.0 per 1000 per annum; 30.8% of referrals were for patients aged under 50 years, yet this age group accounts for only 11.1% of all diagnosed cancers; 10.3% of all urgent cancer referrals were for suspected melanoma, despite this cancer accounting for only 4.1% of new cancers. The proportion of patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer was greatest for leukaemia (61.7%), prostate (52.6%), and lung cancer referrals (39.7%), and lowest for melanoma (11.8%), oesophago-gastric (11.2%), brain (10.6%), and laryngeal cancer referrals (7.8%). Compliance with referral guidelines was 90.9%. A large proportion of referrals considered to be outside the guidelines still had a cancer diagnosed (urological 15.9%, lung 8.8%, colorectal 8.4%, and breast 6.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is wide variation in GP referral rates for suspected cancer with a greater than expected proportion of referrals for younger people. Many referrals considered to be outside the national guidelines were diagnosed with cancer, suggesting factors other than those in referral guidelines alert GPs to the possibility of cancer.
authors: Falkirk Community Hospital, Westburn Avenue, Falkirk, Scotland. paul.baughan@nhs.net
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Baughan
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Keatings
authors: Bill
authors: B
authors: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult