title: Engineering of glucose oxidase for direct electron transfer via site-specific gold nanoparticle conjugation.
abstract: Optimizing the electrical communication between enzymes and electrodes is critical in the development of biosensors, enzymatic biofuel cells, and other bioelectrocatalytic applications. One approach to address this limitation is the attachment of redox mediators or relays to the enzymes. Here we report a simple genetic modification of a glucose oxidase enzyme to display a free thiol group near its active site. This facilitates the site-specific attachment of a maleimide-modified gold nanoparticle to the enzyme, which enables direct electrical communication between the conjugated enzyme and an electrode. Glucose oxidase is of particular interest in biofuel cell and biosensor applications, and the approach of "prewiring" enzyme conjugates in a site-specific manner will be valuable in the continued development of these systems.
authors: Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York 10027, USA.
authors: J Todd
authors: JT
authors: Holland
authors: Carolin
authors: C
authors: Lau
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Brozik
authors: Plamen
authors: P
authors: Atanassov
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Banta
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006046:Gold; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose