title: Maxillary posterior intrusion mechanics with mini-implant anchorage evaluated with the finite element method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 maxillary posterior intrusion mechanics with mini-implant anchorage by using the finite element method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finite element models were generated by assembling the images obtained by computed tomography and a laser surface scanner. For each posterior dental segment, a 300-g force was applied and distributed to the mini-implants in proportion to their calculated root surface areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most balanced intrusion and the most uniform stress distribution were obtained by concurrent force applications from the vestibular and palatinal sides. In the models with transpalatal arches and buccal force application, vestibular tipping movement and overall stress values were prominent. In all models, increased stress values were identified at the apical region of the first premolar roots and at the apical region of the first molar mesial root.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the apical region of the first premolar roots and the apical region of the first molar mesial root should be considered to be prone to resorption during posterior intrusion treatment. Posterior intrusion systems with force application from counterbalancing sites lead to a more uniform stress distribution and balanced intrusion than the mechanics with a transpalatal arch. For a balanced intrusion, root surface areas should be considered when determining the appropriate forces.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. mcifter@yahoo.com
authors: Muhsin
authors: M
authors: Çifter
authors: Müyesser
authors: M
authors: Saraç
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D015921:Dental Implants; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants