title: Ketamine gargling and postoperative sore throat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tracheal intubation is a foremost cause of trauma to the airway mucosa, resulting in postoperative sorethroat (POST). The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of ketamine gargle with placebo in preventing POST after endotracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, control trial. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 20 patients each: Group C, gargling with drinking water 30 ml; Group K, gargling with ketamine 50 mg in drinking water 30 ml for 30 s, 5 min before induction of anaesthesia. POST was graded at 4, 8, and 24 hours respectively after operation on a four- point scale (0-3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  POST occurred more frequently in Group C, when compared with Group K at 4, 8, and 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketamine gargle reduces the incidence of POST after endotracheal intubation.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. drsantosh_shrestha@yahoo.com
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Shrestha
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Bhattarai
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010919:Placebos; D007649:Ketamine