title: In situ remineralisation of eroded enamel lesions by NaF rinses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the remineralisation of eroded enamel by NaF rinses in an intra-oral model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serving as their own control, subjects (N=80) participated in a randomised, four-leg (20 subjects/leg), 28-day, parallel design study. In each leg, each participant wore a customised orthodontic bracket attached to a mandibular molar that contained one tooth block having an initial erosive lesion (0.3% citric acid, pH 3.75, 2 h). Within the 28-day period, participants engaged in twice-daily brushing for 1 min with a fluoride-free dentifrice followed by 1-min rinsing with one of the following aqueous rinses: fluoride-free (0 ppm F), 225 ppm F, 225 ppm F plus functionalised β-tricalcium phosphate (fTCP), and 450 ppm F. Following intra-oral exposure, appliances were removed and specimens were analysed using surface microhardness (SMH) and transverse microradiography (TMR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant (p<0.05) remineralisation, as determined by SMH and TMR, of the eroded enamel relative to baseline occurred for each fluoride system. No significant differences in SMH were observed amongst the fluoride groups (p>0.05), however, 225 ppm plus fTCP produced 27% and 7% SMH indent length reduction relative to 225 ppm F and 450 ppm F, respectively. No significant differences in TMR were observed amongst the fluoride groups (p>0.05), however, 225 ppm F plus fTCP and 450 ppm F produced significant (p<0.05) mineral gains relative to the fluoride-free control, whilst 225 ppm F did not (p>0.05). Relative to the 225 ppm F group, the 450 ppm F and 225 ppm F plus fTCP groups produced 65% and 61% greater mineral change, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These pilot results demonstrate this model is sensitive to fluoride and that addition of fTCP to an aqueous rinse containing 225 ppm F may provide significant remineralisation benefits. Therefore, the combination of relatively low levels of fluoride and fTCP might be an effective alternative to a high fluoride treatment for anti-erosion benefits.
authors: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
authors: Mary S
authors: MS
authors: Mathews
authors: Bennett T
authors: BT
authors: Amaechi
authors: Karthikeyan
authors: K
authors: Ramalingam
authors: Renzo A
authors: RA
authors: Ccahuana-Vasquez
authors: Irene P
authors: IP
authors: Chedjieu
authors: Allen C
authors: AC
authors: Mackey
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Karlinsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011859:Radiography; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014099:Toothbrushing; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D012969:Sodium Fluoride