title: Scavenging effect of Naoerkang on amyloid beta-peptide deposition in the hippocampus in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of a Chinese medicine compound, Naoerkang (NEK), on amyloid-beta peptide (1-42; Aβ(1-42)) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control, untreated, and piracetam groups, and low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose NEK groups, with 8 rats in each group. The 5-μL aggregated Aβ(1-42) (2 μg/μL) were injected into both CA1 areas of the hippocampus in the rats to establish an AD model, whereas the normal control was treated with the same dose of normal saline. The rats in the NEK groups were treated with a high, medium, or low dose of NEK [60 g/(kg·d), 30 g/(kg·d), and 15 g/(kg·d)], respectively, intragastrically for 28 days; piracetam (0.375 g/kg, intragastrically) was consecutively administered in the piracetam group; and normal saline was applied in the normal control and untreated groups. A Y-maze test was used for behavioral study to test the learning and memory abilities. Aβ(1-42) and MMP-9 expressions in the hippocampus was determined immunohistochemically, and the results were analyzed by image acquisition and an analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aggregated Aβ(1-42) induced obvious learning and memory dysfunction, as well as up-regulation of Aβ(1-42) expression in the hippocampus. Compared with those in the normal control group, the learning and memory abilities of rats in the untreated group significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of Aβ(1-42) was significantly increased (P<0.01). Twenty-eight days after different treatments, compared with those in the untreated group, the learning and memory abilities of AD model rats in the piracetam, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose NEK groups were significantly improved (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the expression of Aβ(1-42) in the hippocampus decreased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and MMP-9 increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05), especially in the high-dose NEK group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NEK might play a role of anti-dementia by increasing the expression of MMP-9 in the hippocampus of AD model rats, resulting in the reduction of the quantity of Aβ(1-42) and improvement in learning and memory ability in AD model rats.
authors: Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China. lixi2100@sohu.com
authors: Xi
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Hai-Feng
authors: HF
authors: Yuan
authors: Qian-Kun
authors: QK
authors: Quan
authors: Jian-Jun
authors: JJ
authors: Wang
authors: Ning-Ning
authors: NN
authors: Wang
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9