title: Effects of temperature and soil moisture on methyl halide and chloroform fluxes from drained peatland pasture soils.
abstract: A series of laboratory-based incubations using a stable isotope tracer technique was applied to measure the net and gross fluxes of CH(3)Cl and CH(3)Br as well as the net fluxes of CHCl(3) from surface soils of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Annually averaged flux measurements show that these mineral/oxidized peat soils are a net source of CH(3)Cl (140 ± 266 nmol m(-2) d(-1)) and CHCl(3) (258 ± 288 nmol m(-2) d(-1)), and a net sink of CH(3)Br (-2.3 ± 4.5 nmol m(-2) d(-1)). Gross CH(3)Cl and CH(3)Br fluxes are strongly influenced by both soil moisture and temperature: gross production rates of CH(3)Cl and CH(3)Br are linearly correlated with temperature, whereas gross consumption rates exhibit Gaussian relationships with maximum consumption at soil moisture levels between 20 and 30% volumetric water content (VWC) and a temperature range of 25 to 35 °C. Although soil moisture and soil temperature strongly affect consumption rates, the range of gross consumption rates overall is limited (-506 ± 176 nmol m(-2) d(-1) for CH(3)Cl and -12 ± 4 nmol m(-2) d(-1) for CH(3)Br) and is similar to rates reported in previous studies. CHCl(3) fluxes are not correlated with methyl halide fluxes, temperature, or soil moisture. The annual emission rates of CHCl(3) from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are found to be a potentially significant local source of this compound.
authors: Department of Geography, University of California at Berkeley, 540 McCone Hall #4740, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. anwar.khan@berkeley.edu
authors: M A H
authors: MA
authors: Khan
authors: M E
authors: ME
authors: Whelan
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Rhew
mesh_terms: D002725:Chloroform / Q000032:analysis*; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D008737:Methyl Chloride / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D044003:Sphagnopsida; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002725:Chloroform; C005218:methyl bromide; D008737:Methyl Chloride