title: Ultrasound-enhanced surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of ketoconazole and econazole nitrate in human blood.
abstract: A simple and efficient method, based on ultrasound-enhanced surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UESA-DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for extraction and determination of ketoconazole and econazole nitrate in human blood samples. In this method, a common cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was used as dispersant. Chloroform (40 μL) as extraction solvent was added rapidly to 5 mL blood containing 0.068 mg mL(-1) CTAB. The mixture was then sonicated for 2 min to disperse the organic chloroform phase. After the extraction procedure, the mixture was centrifuged to sediment the organic chloroform phase, which was collected for HPLC analysis. Several conditions, including type and volume of extraction solvent, type and concentration of the surfactant, ultrasound time, extraction temperature, pH, and ionic strength were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges 4-5000 μg L(-1) for ketoconazole and 8-5000 μg L(-1) for econazole nitrate, with linear correlation coefficients for both >0.99. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) and enrichment factors (EFs) were 1.1 and 2.3 μg L(-1), and 129 and 140 for ketoconazole and econazole nitrate, respectively. Reproducibility and recovery were good. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ketoconazole and econazole nitrate in human blood samples.
authors: Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors: Yating
authors: Y
authors: Xia
authors: Xiaoran
authors: X
authors: Zhi
authors: Xiuhong
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Mi
authors: M
authors: Chen
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000097:blood*; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004464:Econazole / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D004464:Econazole; D007654:Ketoconazole; D000077286:Cetrimonium