title: Deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, and enniatins: the major mycotoxins found in cereal-based products on the Czech market.
abstract: Fusarium  toxins,  Alternaria  toxins, and ergot alkaloids represent common groups of mycotoxins that can be found in cereals grown under temperate climatic conditions. Because most of them are chemically and thermally stable, these toxic fungal secondary metabolites might be transferred from grains into the final products. To get information on the commensurate contamination of various cereal-based products collected from the Czech retail market in 2010, the occurrence of "traditional" mycotoxins such as groups of A and B trichothecenes and zearalenone, less routinely determined Alternaria toxins (alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and altenuene), ergot alkaloids (ergosine, ergocryptine, ergocristine, and ergocornine) and "emerging" mycotoxins (enniatins A, A1, B, and B1 and beauvericin) were monitored. In a total 116 samples derived from white flour and mixed flour, breakfast cereals, snacks, and flour, only trichothecenes A and B and enniatins were found. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 75% of samples with concentrations ranging from 13 to 594 μg/kg, but its masked form, deoxynivalenol-3-β-d-glucoside, has an even higher incidence of 80% of samples, and concentrations ranging between 5 and 72 μg/kg were detected. Nivalenol was found only in three samples at levels of 30 μg/kg. For enniatins, all of the samples investigated were contaminated with at least one of four target enniatins. Enniatin A was detected in 97% of samples (concentration range of 20-2532 μg/kg) followed by enniatin B with an incidence in 91% of the samples (concentration range of 13-941 μg/kg) and enniatin B1 with an incidence of 80% in the samples tested (concentration range of 8-785 μg/kg). Enniatin A1 was found only in 44% of samples at levels ranging between 8 and 851 μg/kg.
authors: Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Malachova
authors: Zbynek
authors: Z
authors: Dzuman
authors: Zdenka
authors: Z
authors: Veprikova
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Vaclavikova
authors: Milena
authors: M
authors: Zachariasova
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Hajslova
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018153:Czech Republic; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000032:analysis*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D005960:Glucosides; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C542050:deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside; C100264:enniatins; C007262:deoxynivalenol