title: Clinical usefulness of novel prognostic biomarkers in patients on hemodialysis.
abstract: Prognosis, risk stratification and monitoring the effects of treatment are fundamental elements in the decision-making process when implementing prevention strategies for chronic kidney disease. The use of biomarkers is increasingly proposed as a method to refine risk stratification and guide therapy. In this Review, we present basic concepts regarding the validation of biomarkers and highlight difficulties inherent to the identification of useful new biomarkers in patients on hemodialysis. We focus on prognostic biomarkers that have been consistently linked to survival in this group of patients. To date, no biomarker has had sufficient full-scale testing to qualify as a useful addition to standard prognostic factors or to guide the prescription of specific treatments in this population. Furthermore, little information exists on the relative strength of various biomarkers for their prediction of mortality. A multimarker approach might refine prognosis in patients on hemodialysis, but this concept needs to be properly evaluated in large longitudinal studies and clinical trials. The potential of proteomics for the identification and study of new biomarkers in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage renal disease is also discussed.
authors: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Ortiz
authors: Ziad A
authors: ZA
authors: Massy
authors: Danilo
authors: D
authors: Fliser
authors: Bengt
authors: B
authors: Lindholm
authors: Andrzej
authors: A
authors: Wiecek
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Martínez-Castelao
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Covic
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Goldsmith
authors: Gültekin
authors: G
authors: Süleymanlar
authors: Gérard M
authors: GM
authors: London
authors: Carmine
authors: C
authors: Zoccali
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers