title: The vinculin C-terminal hairpin mediates F-actin bundle formation, focal adhesion, and cell mechanical properties.
abstract: Vinculin is an essential and highly conserved cell adhesion protein, found at both focal adhesions and adherens junctions, where it couples integrins or cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin is involved in controlling cell shape, motility, and cell survival, and has more recently been shown to play a role in force transduction. The tail domain of vinculin (Vt) contains determinants necessary for binding and bundling of actin filaments. Actin binding to Vt has been proposed to induce formation of a Vt dimer that is necessary for cross-linking actin filaments. Results from this study provide additional support for actin-induced Vt self-association. Moreover, the actin-induced Vt dimer appears distinct from the dimer formed in the absence of actin. To better characterize the role of the Vt strap and carboxyl terminus (CT) in actin binding, Vt self-association, and actin bundling, we employed smaller amino-terminal (NT) and CT deletions that do not perturb the structural integrity of Vt. Although both NT and CT deletions retain actin binding, removal of the CT hairpin (1061-1066) selectively impairs actin bundling in vitro. Moreover, expression of vinculin lacking the CT hairpin in vinculin knock-out murine embryonic fibroblasts affects the number of focal adhesions formed, cell spreading as well as cellular stiffening in response to mechanical force.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Shen
authors: Caitlin E
authors: CE
authors: Tolbert
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Guilluy
authors: Vinay S
authors: VS
authors: Swaminathan
authors: Matthew E
authors: ME
authors: Berginski
authors: Keith
authors: K
authors: Burridge
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Superfine
authors: Sharon L
authors: SL
authors: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011485:Protein Binding; D055503:Protein Multimerization / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016596:Vinculin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D030161:Avian Proteins; C035689:VCL protein, Gallus gallus; D016596:Vinculin