title: An ecological approach to assessing the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in animal and human populations.
abstract: We examined long-term surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (DT104) isolates from concurrently sampled and sympatric human and animal populations in Scotland. Using novel ecological and epidemiological approaches to examine diversity, and phenotypic and temporal relatedness of the resistance profiles, we assessed the more probable source of resistance of these two populations. The ecological diversity of AMR phenotypes was significantly greater in human isolates than in animal isolates, at the resolution of both sample and population. Of 5200 isolates, there were 65 resistance phenotypes, 13 unique to animals, 30 unique to humans and 22 were common to both. Of these 22, 11 were identified first in the human isolates, whereas only five were identified first in the animal isolates. We conclude that, while ecologically connected, animals and humans have distinguishable DT104 communities, differing in prevalence, linkage and diversity. Furthermore, we infer that the sympatric animal population is unlikely to be the major source of resistance diversity for humans. This suggests that current policy emphasis on restricting antimicrobial use in domestic animals may be overly simplistic. While these conclusions pertain to DT104 in Scotland, this approach could be applied to AMR in other bacteria-host ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
authors.forename: Alison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Dominic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Denwood
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boerlin
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reid-Smith
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Coia
authors.forename: Lynda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Haydon
authors.forename: Stuart W J
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents
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