title: [Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 in myocardialization of cardiac proximal outflow tract septum in connexin 43 knockout embryonic mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism of myocardialization of proximal outflow tract septum and its effect on the conotruncal anomaly in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The C(57)/BL(6) mice of embryonic day (E) 11.5 - 16.5 were selected. The phenotypes of connexin 43 (Cx43) homozygotes (Cx43(-/-)), heterozygotes (Cx43(+/-)) and wild-types (Cx43(+/+)) were genetically typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (Bmpr2) and α-sarcomeric acti (α-SCA) were detected by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of α-SCA in the proximal outflow tract (OFT) septum was delayed obviously in Cx43(-/-) predominantly at E13.5 and E14.5. From E11.5 to E13.5, the expression of Bmpr2 was detected in cardiac atrium and epicardium of Cx43(+/+) fetal heart. And Bmpr2 was slightly expressed in ventricular muscle of Cx43(+/+) fetal heart. And it was expressed slightly only in cardiac atrium and epicardium of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart. From E14.5 to E16.5, its expression was detected obviously in cardiac atrium, epicardium, endocardium, trabeculum, ventricular muscle and OFT septum of Cx43(+/+) fetal heart. At E14.5, its expression was detected obviously in cardiac atrium, epicardium, endocardium and trabeculum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart while none in ventricular muscle and OFT septum. At E15.5 and E16.5, its expression was detected obviously in cardiac atrium, epicardium, endocardium, trabeculum, ventricular muscle and OFT septum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart. Its expression was also detected obviously in OFT septum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart with incomplete myocardialization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cx43KO embryonic mice exhibit delayed myocardialization. As compared with the Cx43(+/+), the expression of Bmpr2 in proximal OFT septum was delayed obviously in Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) mice. And the expression of Bmpr2 is abnormal in OFT septum of Cx43(+/-) and Cx43(-/-) fetal heart. Bmpr2 may be involved in the interaction between epicardium and myocardium. It may be a critical mechanism in the maturation process of cardiac muscles.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guo-Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; C498219:Bmpr2 protein, mouse; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II