title: Tissue microarrays as a tool in the discovery and validation of predictive biomarkers.
abstract: The tissue microarray (TMA) is the embodiment of high-throughput pathology. The platform combines tens to hundreds of tissue samples on a single microscope slide for interrogation with routine molecular pathology tools. TMAs have enabled the rapid and cost-effective screening of biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive utility. Most commonly applied to the field of oncology, the TMA has accelerated the development of new biomarkers, and is emerging as an essential tool in the discovery and validation of tissue biomarkers for use in personalized medicine. This chapter provides an overview of TMA technology and highlights the advantages of using TMAs as tools toward rapid introduction of new biomarkers for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Array Research Program/Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. genejock@helix.nih.gov
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hewitt
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D059021:Laboratory Proficiency Testing; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
references.citation: Proteomics Clin Appl. 2007 Mar;1(3):264-71
references.pmid: 21136677
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Apr 3;287(13):1662-70
references.pmid: 11926890
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Jun;17(6):1424-35
references.pmid: 18559558
references.citation: Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008 Dec;132(12):1929-35
references.pmid: 19061293
references.citation: Lab Invest. 1986 Aug;55(2):244-8
references.pmid: 3525985
references.citation: Adv Anat Pathol. 2004 Mar;11(2):86-93
references.pmid: 15090844
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Apr;23(4):469-74
references.pmid: 15793574
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Apr;13(4):667-72
references.pmid: 15066936
references.citation: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2009 May;17(3):239-46
references.pmid: 19077907
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jan 10;24(2):306-14
references.pmid: 16330671
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 15;15(2):660-7
references.pmid: 19147772
references.citation: Nat Med. 1998 Jul;4(7):844-7
references.pmid: 9662379
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 15;68(24):10205-14
references.pmid: 19074888
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2004;264:61-72
references.pmid: 15020780
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Apr 1;26(10):1626-34
references.pmid: 18316791
references.citation: Biomark Med. 2007 Aug;1(2):313-8
references.pmid: 20477405
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Nov 16;97(22):1652-62
references.pmid: 16288118
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2008 Oct;7(10):1998-2018
references.pmid: 18667411
references.citation: Lab Invest. 2004 Aug;84(8):1071-8
references.pmid: 15195116
references.citation: J Microbiol Methods. 2003 Apr;53(1):97-106
references.pmid: 12609728
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(2):R35
references.pmid: 18430249
references.citation: Prostate. 2011 Sep 15;71(13):1374-81
references.pmid: 21308718
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Aug 1;93(15):1141-6
references.pmid: 11481385
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Jul;15(7):1403-8
references.pmid: 16835344
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2008 May;44(7):946-53
references.pmid: 18396036
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2008 Aug 15;80(16):6390-6
references.pmid: 18651756
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2011 Jan 1;83(1):8-13
references.pmid: 21114268
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;69(7):2950-5
references.pmid: 19276352
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2008 Dec;453(6):537-43
references.pmid: 18958494
references.citation: Proteomics Clin Appl. 2009 Aug 1;3(8):874-882
references.pmid: 20871745
references.citation: Expert Rev Proteomics. 2005 Jun;2(3):325-36
references.pmid: 16000080
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 2008 Nov;56(11):1033-42
references.pmid: 18711211
references.citation: Mod Pathol. 2008 May;21 Suppl 2:S8-S15
references.pmid: 18437174
references.citation: Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131(1):18-43
references.pmid: 19548375
references.citation: Proteomics Clin Appl. 2008 Oct;2(10-11):1460-6
references.pmid: 21136794
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 May 1;14(9):2681-9
references.pmid: 18451232
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Dec;2(12):962-72
references.pmid: 14654795
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Jul;1758(7):830-45
references.pmid: 16822477
references.citation: Nat Med. 2002 Nov;8(11):1323-7
references.pmid: 12389040
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 1;67(1):32-40
references.pmid: 17210681
references.citation: Proteomics. 2006 Feb;6(3):767-74
references.pmid: 16400680
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2011 May;140(5):1629-41.e15
references.pmid: 21320503
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2011 Feb 09;11:62
references.pmid: 21303560