title: Clinical, cellular, and molecular aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea.
abstract: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Although described centuries ago, the pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Epidemiological studies indicate a genetic component, but a rosacea gene has not been identified yet. Four subtypes and several variants of rosacea have been described. It is still unclear whether these subtypes represent a "developmental march" of different stages or are merely part of a syndrome that develops independently but overlaps clinically. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of rosacea make it a fascinating "human disease model" for learning about the connection between the cutaneous vascular, nervous, and immune systems. Innate immune mechanisms and dysregulation of the neurovascular system are involved in rosacea initiation and perpetuation, although the complex network of primary induction and secondary reaction of neuroimmune communication is still unclear. Later, rosacea may result in fibrotic facial changes, suggesting a strong connection between chronic inflammatory processes and skin fibrosis development. This review highlights recent molecular (gene array) and cellular findings and aims to integrate the different body defense mechanisms into a modern concept of rosacea pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Dermatology and Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buddenkotte
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sulk
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Verena D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mess
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cevikbas
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivier
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carlavan
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Déret
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosignoli
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metze
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Luger
authors.forename: Johannes J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Voegel
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012393:Rosacea / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
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