title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase in the amygdala plays a critical role in lithium chloride-induced taste aversion learning.
abstract: The intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the brain is necessary for the formation of a variety of memories including conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning. However, the functional role of MAPK activation in the amygdala during lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced CTA learning has not been established. In the present study, we investigated if local microinjection of SL327, a MAPK kinase inhibitor, into the rat amygdala could alleviate LiCl-induced CTA learning. Our results revealed that acute administration of a high dose of LiCl (0.15M, 12 ml/kg, i.p.) rapidly increased the level of phosphorylated MAPK (pMAPK)-positive cells in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of rats as measured by immunohistochemistry. Local microinjection of SL327 (1 μg/0.5 μl/hemisphere) into the CeA 10 min before LiCl administration decreased both the strength of LiCl-induced CTA paired with 0.125% saccharin and the level of LiCl-induced pMAPK-positive cells in the CeA, but not in the NTS. Our data suggest that the intracellular signaling cascade of the MAPK pathway in the CeA plays a critical role in the processing of visceral information induced by LiCl for CTA learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA.
authors.forename: Bumsup
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Houpt
mesh_terms: D000607:Aminoacetonitrile / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C424127:SL 327; D000607:Aminoacetonitrile; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018021:Lithium Chloride
references.citation: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002;42:135-63
references.pmid: 11807168
references.citation: Learn Mem. 1999 Mar-Apr;6(2):97-110
references.pmid: 10327235
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Nov;30(10):1923-30
references.pmid: 19895565
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Mar;5(3):173-83
references.pmid: 14976517
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2003 Jul;83(3):803-34
references.pmid: 12843409
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 1980 Dec;3(2):129-49
references.pmid: 6110810
references.citation: Learn Mem. 1999 Sep-Oct;6(5):478-90
references.pmid: 10541468
references.citation: Learn Mem. 1996 Jul-Aug;3(1):31-41
references.pmid: 10456074
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2003 Jul 14;143(1):57-63
references.pmid: 12842296
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1997 Nov 1;17(21):8443-50
references.pmid: 9334416
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1999 Nov 26;10(17):3685-9
references.pmid: 10619667
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2002 Dec;116(6):1070-4
references.pmid: 12492305
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1993 Dec 20;58(1-2):69-79
references.pmid: 8136051
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Dec 1;18(23):10037-44
references.pmid: 9822758
references.citation: Prog Neurobiol. 1996 Oct;50(2-3):83-107
references.pmid: 8971979
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Dec 1;22(23):10470-6
references.pmid: 12451146
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 1994 Dec 15;65(2):213-9
references.pmid: 7718154
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2003 Jul 3;546(1):51-8
references.pmid: 12829236
references.citation: Behav Brain Res. 2006 Apr 25;169(1):93-7
references.pmid: 16427145
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2006 Jan;85(1):44-57
references.pmid: 16182574
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 20;99(17):11417-22
references.pmid: 12167678
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1992 Dec;3(12):1049-52
references.pmid: 1337282
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1994 May 19;172(1-2):1-5
references.pmid: 8084508
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Jun 15;23(12):5354-60
references.pmid: 12832561
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1999 May 1;19(9):3535-44
references.pmid: 10212313
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2003 Mar 3;14(3):405-7
references.pmid: 12634492
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Feb 15;20(4):1616-21
references.pmid: 10662851
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 1998 Nov;1(7):602-9
references.pmid: 10196568
references.citation: Neurosci Res. 1999 Oct;35(1):53-61
references.pmid: 10555164
references.citation: Neurosci Res. 1995 Mar;22(1):31-49
references.pmid: 7792081
references.citation: J Neurochem. 2001 Jan;76(1):1-10
references.pmid: 11145972
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Nov 1;20(21):8177-87
references.pmid: 11050141
references.citation: Science. 1974 Sep 6;185(4154):824-31
references.pmid: 11785521
references.citation: Brain Res. 1994 Feb 14;636(2):202-8
references.pmid: 8012803
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007 Jan;87(1):149-58
references.pmid: 16979915
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2010 Feb 15;186(2):155-64
references.pmid: 19925827
references.citation: Mol Neurobiol. 2003 Feb;27(1):99-106
references.pmid: 12668903
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 1985 Apr;99(2):257-76
references.pmid: 3843711
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Nov;22(10):2560-8
references.pmid: 16307598
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2003;121(1):9-16
references.pmid: 12946695
references.citation: Brain Res. 1996 Nov 25;741(1-2):109-16
references.pmid: 9001712
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2000 Jun 5;11(8):1625-30
references.pmid: 10852213
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2001 May 15;21(10):3383-91
references.pmid: 11331368
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2012 Jan 18;105(2):151-60
references.pmid: 21889521
references.citation: Int J Mol Sci. 2010 Jan 13;11(1):222-232
references.pmid: 20162012
references.citation: Brain Res. 1998 Jul 27;800(1):40-7
references.pmid: 9685579
references.citation: Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2001 Sep 30;93(2):113-26
references.pmid: 11589989
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2000 Jun 1-15;69(4-5):499-503
references.pmid: 10913789
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Sep;24(5):1434-42
references.pmid: 16965548
references.citation: Brain Res. 2010 Aug 12;1348:84-94
references.pmid: 20599840
references.citation: Brain Res. 2000 Jun 30;869(1-2):15-24
references.pmid: 10865054
references.citation: Brain Res. 2008 May 1;1207:128-41
references.pmid: 18374904
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1995 Dec 29;7(1):289-93
references.pmid: 8742472
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Apr;6(2):221-7
references.pmid: 8725964
references.citation: Brain Res. 2010 May 28;1333:36-47
references.pmid: 20346924