title: Evaluating nurse staffing patterns and neonatal intensive care unit outcomes using Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the influences of intensity of nursing care and consistency of nursing caregivers on health and economic outcomes using Levine's Conservation Model of Nursing as the guiding theoretical framework.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Professional nursing practice models are increasingly being used although limited research is available regarding their efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structural equation modelling approach tested the influence of intensity of nursing care (direct care by professional nurses and patient-nurse ratio) and consistency of nursing caregivers on morbidity and resource utilization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting using primary nursing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistency of nursing caregivers served as a powerful mediator of length of stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen therapy and parenteral nutrition. Analysis of nursing intensity indicators revealed that a mix of professional nurses and assistive personnel was effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing consistency of nursing caregivers may significantly improve both health and economic outcomes. New evidence was found to support the efficacy of the primary nursing model in the NICU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Designing nursing care delivery systems in acute inpatient settings with an emphasis on consistency of nursing caregivers could improve health outcomes, increase organizational effectiveness, and enhance satisfaction of nursing staff, patients, and families.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, College of Nursing, Knoxville, TN 37996-4180, USA. lmefford@utk.edu
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mefford
authors.forename: Martha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alligood
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007857:Leadership; D016294:Models, Nursing; D017146:Models, Organizational; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015399:Nursing Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D009745:Nursing, Supervisory / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D014481:United States