title: Development of a novel technique for axenic isolation and culture of thraustochytrids from New Zealand marine environments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To maintain axenic cultures of commercially important thraustochytrids, a novel procedure was developed for the isolation of zoospores and sporangium from heterotrophic seawater samples and axenic culture on solid media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thraustochytrid cultures were isolated from Whangapoua Harbour in North East New Zealand and subjected to two antibiotic and antifungal treatment regimes designed to eliminate bacteria and fungi. Antibiotic trial 1 was designed to determine the appropriate combination of antibiotics (including streptomycin/penicillin, ampicillin, rifampicin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin and the antifungal agent nystatin). Antibiotic trial 2 determined the optimal dosing frequency and concentration of the antibiotics, and antifungal found to be the most promising in trial 1. Axenic cultures were then spread plated onto nutrient agar containing the optimal antibiotic cocktail, and pure thraustochytrid colonies were purified on solid media using standard microbiological techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of bacteria and fungi was best accomplished using a mixture of three antibiotics and one antifungal; rifampicin (300 mg l(-1)), streptomycin/penicillin (25 mg l(-1)) and nystatin (10 mg l(-1)) were incorporated in seawater samples and incorporated into cultures every 24 h for a minimum of 2 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The axenic isolation and culture of marine thraustochytrids from a marine habitat in New Zealand have significant implications for the biotechnological development of these potentially valuable protists. This method has global significance as it is reasonable to assume it could be used throughout the world to obtain axenic thraustochytrid cultures.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand. s.wilkens@niwa.co.nz
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D061245:Axenic Culture / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D009520:New Zealand; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D058432:Sporangia; D058009:Stramenopiles / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D000362:Agar