title: Polydeoxyribonucleotide administration improves the intra-testicular vascularization in rat experimental varicocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of PDRN on angiogenesis in a model of varicocele in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the creation of experimental varicocele, rats were randomized to one of the four treatments: vehicle, PDRN, DMPX, and PDRN plus DMPX. Twenty-one days after randomization, all animals were euthanized and the left testis was harvested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clamp was passed behind the left renal vein distally to the spermatic vein insertion. A silk ligature was placed around the left renal vein at this site and was tied over the top of a probe. The latter was then withdrawn and the vein was allowed to expand. In shams, a suture was placed but it was not tied.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess testicular microvascular density using CD34 immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microvascular density in the varicocele plus PDRN group was significantly higher than in other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDRN could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for varicocele treatment in subfertile patients, improving the innate pathophysiologic mechanism of neoangiogenesis, through compensatory oxygen and metabolite supply to tubular and extratubular testicular compartments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. arenasal@inwind.it
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: Letteria
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minutoli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: Piero Antonio
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nicotina
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: Domenica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altavilla
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morgia
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011089:Polydeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011089:Polydeoxyribonucleotides