title: [New ultrasound technologies for the diagnostics of prostate cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. The diagnosis is based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy. These techniques have considerable limitations, which result in unnecessary biopsies. Furthermore the biopsies are associated with morbidity and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard gray-scale ultrasound has a low sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer detection.
  New ultrasound technologies, including color- and power Doppler ultrasound, contrast enhanced US and real-time sonoelastography have shown to improve prostate cancer diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has shown a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 95%), a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.8% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 88.8% for prostate cancer detection. Real-time sonoelastography has shown a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 81% and NPV of 91% for prostate cancer diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most studies show that these new ultrasound modalities demonstrate a 1.5 to 2.5 times higher detection of prostate cancer per biopsy specimen compared with systematic biopsy. Multicenter studies results are at present lacking but are, however ongoing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with suspected prostate cancer (elevated PSA, suspicious DRE) these new ultrasound techniques should be used. These techniques can detect prostate cancer and allow a targeted biopsy approach.
authors.affiliation: Department für Radiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Österreich.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Zordo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ladurner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horninger
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Heijmink
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaschke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
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