title: First generation antipsychotics switch with Risperidone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenia is a severe chronic psychiatric disorder for which treatment compliance is important in the prevention of relapse. Second generation antipsychotics (SGA), such as Risperidone, have been found to be more effective in the treatment of such patients than the high potency first generation antipsychotics (FGA). This is an open study where the same group of patients was first treated with FGA and then were switched to Risperidone, in controlled hospital conditions, after a wash- out period. The aim of the study was to examine whether patients with schizophrenia who were judged to be stable on long-term treatment with FGA would further benefit from a switch to an atypical antipsychotic drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty hospitalized patients suffering from Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective disorder (male 54, female 26) were first treated with Haloperidol (N=60) or Fluphenazine (N=20), and then were switched to Risperidone. Their clinical state was monitored using the PANSS scale for Schizophrenia, measuring the Total PANSS score. The KLAWANS scale for assessment of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) was also used. Administration and dosage of Trihexiphenidil (THF) was recorded. The study lasted for 8 weeks, with 4 screenings (Visit 0-baseline- FGA, Visits 1-3 Risperidone on Day 14, 28 and 56, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age was 38. Patients usually suffered the paranoid form of Schizophrenia (55%). The duration of illness was more than 5 years (38.8%). During the eight- week trial on Risperidone, using the PANSS total scores, we observed clinical improvement where the therapy switch had caused an initial worsening (p<0.05). Also, the compared baseline (FGA) and last visit showed a low, but statistically significant benefit in favor of Risperidone (t=5.45, df=79, p<0.005). Intensity of EPS measured by KLAWANS scores significantly decreased during time (F=4.115; p=0.016; Partial Eta Square=0.058). Average Trihexiphenidil doses followed Risperidone in a dose dependent manner (r=0.748, r=0.661, respectively, p<0.01) with the consequent decrease of patients needing THF corrective therapy (68.8% at the baseline toward 22.5% on last visit).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switch to Risperidone medication provided significant additional improvement in symptom severity, extrapyramidal side effects and need for anticholinergic medication. This suggests that one might expect better compliance in future treatment in this population of chronic schizophrenic patients.
authors.affiliation: Specialized Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Gornja Toponica, 18202 Gornja Toponica, Niš, Serbia. ipopovic69@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ravanić
authors.forename: Vojin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Snežana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vladejić
authors.forename: Albina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stanojević
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stojanović
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D057915:Drug Substitution; D005260:Female; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055771:Serbia; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone; D005476:Fluphenazine