title: Long-term effects of differential early rearing in rhesus macaques: behavioral reactivity in adulthood.
abstract: Adverse early experiences are associated with a range of deleterious health outcomes in humans, including higher risk for affective disorders. Studies using a long-standing model of nonhuman primate model of early adversity have demonstrated that nursery-reared (NR) monkeys exhibit alterations in multiple aspects of biobehavioral development; however, few studies have evaluated the persistence of socioaffective behavioral changes through adulthood. We evaluated the effects of early rearing experience on adult animals' response to a well-validated assessment of anxiety-like behavior, the human intruder paradigm (HIP). We tested 22 rhesus monkeys who were either nursery-reared (NR) or reared with their mothers (mother-reared; MR). NR monkeys were inhibited in their behavior compared to MR monkeys, with reduced locomotion and exploratory behaviors. NR animals showed a marginal increase in freezing. Together these findings demonstrate that the consequences of differential infant rearing experience on socioaffective behavior persist into adulthood, with evidence of greater inhibition in NR monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pierre
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bice
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Suomi
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Allyson J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013995:Time
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