title: Glomerular expression of apelin and its association with proteinuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution and expression of apelin in kidney of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephrotic rats, and to explore the possible association of apelin expression with the development of proteinuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for apelin was used to examine the expression and distribution of apelin in kidney of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephrotic rats at 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after adriamycin injection. The level of serum apelin at 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after ADR injection was also determined with ELISA methods. Moreover the correlation of urine protein and glomerular expression of apelin was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The apelin protein was immunohistochemically detected along glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in the kidney of rats and significantly increased compared with normal control rats after ADR injection. The levels of 24 h proteinuria and serum apelin were also elevated after ADR injection. Moreover the production of proteinuria was correlated positively with the expression of apelin in kidney tissue (rs = 0.9427, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glomerular expression of apelin increased significantly in ADR rats, which is correlated with urine protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073861:Apelin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D050533:Glomerular Basement Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000073861:Apelin; C498579:Apln protein, rat; D015415:Biomarkers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D004317:Doxorubicin
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2002 Jan;61(1):80-9
references.pmid: 11786087
references.citation: Kidney Int. 1987 Jun;31(6):1257-66
references.pmid: 3613403
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2001 Sep;60(3):1037-46
references.pmid: 11532098
references.citation: Regul Pept. 2004 May 15;118(3):119-25
references.pmid: 15003827
references.citation: Prague Med Rep. 2006;107(1):5-16
references.pmid: 16752799
references.citation: J Neurochem. 2000 Jan;74(1):34-41
references.pmid: 10617103
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Apr;16(4):857-61
references.pmid: 15728777
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 17;272(42):26734-41
references.pmid: 9334259
references.citation: Lab Invest. 1982 Jan;46(1):16-23
references.pmid: 6172662
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Sep;17(9):2513-20
references.pmid: 16899518
references.citation: Rev Port Cardiol. 2005 Oct;24(10):1263-76
references.pmid: 16398242
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2008 Aug;74(4):486-94
references.pmid: 18509323
references.citation: Kidney Int. 1986 Feb;29(2):502-10
references.pmid: 3486312