title: Aberrant expression of intelectin-1 in gastric cancer: its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human intelectin-1 (ITLN-1) is a novel identified galactose-binding lectin that is expressed in the colonic goblet cells. Since gastric adenocarcinomas can arise through a process of intestinalization, we speculate that ITLN-1 may be aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer. This study was undertaken to examine the ITLN-1 expression in gastric cancer and correlate it with clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-six gastric cancer patients were evaluated for the ITLN-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. The ITLN-1 transcripts were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ITLN-1 expression was absent in normal gastric mucosa, whereas areas of intestinal metaplasia revealed ITLN-1 immunoreactivity. One hundred and forty-two gastric cancer patients (72.4%) were positive for ITLN-1 expression. In a subtotal of 20 patients, ITLN-1 transcripts were significantly enhanced in gastric cancer tissues than in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.001). The expression rate of ITLN-1 was higher in intestinal-type carcinomas than in diffuse-type carcinomas (P = 0.003). ITLN-1 positivity in gastric cancer was positively correlated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.001) and CDX2 expression (P < 0.001), and inversely correlated with depth of invasion (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.014), clinical stage (P = 0.006), Ki-67 expression (P = 0.001), and heparanase expression (P < 0.001), without correlation with age, gender, tumor location, or tumor size. In univariate and multivariate analyses, ITLN-1 was an independent prognostic factor for longer survival of gastric cancer patients (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aberrant ITLN-1 expression in gastric cancer is correlated with clinicopathological features and may be a useful prognostic factor for predicting the outcomes of gastric cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liduan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Mixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Qiangsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D037102:Lectins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D037102:Lectins
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2010 Aug 10;103(4):517-23
references.pmid: 20628387
references.citation: J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2010 Apr;8(4):437-47
references.pmid: 20410336
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Aug;22(8):1336-43
references.pmid: 17559374
references.citation: Int J Mol Med. 2003 Jul;12(1):3-9
references.pmid: 12792801
references.citation: Lab Invest. 2003 May;83(5):613-22
references.pmid: 12746471
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2009 May;20 Suppl 4:34-6
references.pmid: 19454457
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 1998 Jul-Aug;5(4):867-70
references.pmid: 9625834
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 1996 Mar 1;236(2):670-81
references.pmid: 8612644
references.citation: Oncology. 2007;73(5-6):357-65
references.pmid: 18500171
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jan 24;300(4):813-8
references.pmid: 12559945
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 30;277(35):31909-17
references.pmid: 12060663
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jun;95(6):1431-8
references.pmid: 10894575
references.citation: Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965;64:31-49
references.pmid: 14320675
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2002 Mar;440(3):304-10
references.pmid: 11889602
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2010 Jan;456(1):53-63
references.pmid: 19967544
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2005 Apr;48(1):19-29
references.pmid: 15777968
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2008 Mar;38(3-4):467-75
references.pmid: 17983620
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 29;276(26):23456-63
references.pmid: 11313366
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Oct 15;181(8):5760-7
references.pmid: 18832735
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Dec 30;1732(1-3):96-102
references.pmid: 16386808
references.citation: Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1998 Sep;28(9):534-7
references.pmid: 9793024
references.citation: Mod Pathol. 2005 Feb;18(2):205-11
references.pmid: 15475937
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Aug 1;173(3):1894-901
references.pmid: 15265922
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2005 Jul;73(7):4025-33
references.pmid: 15972490
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 31;282(35):25790-800
references.pmid: 17602165
references.citation: Br J Pharmacol. 2007 May;151(1):1-14
references.pmid: 17339837
references.citation: J Gastroenterol. 2002;37(2):94-100
references.pmid: 11871772
references.citation: Mod Pathol. 2010 Jan;23(1):54-61
references.pmid: 19820687
references.citation: Glycobiology. 2001 Jan;11(1):65-73
references.pmid: 11181563
references.citation: Proteomics. 2004 Apr;4(4):1101-8
references.pmid: 15048991
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2002 Sep;21(3):655-9
references.pmid: 12168114
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Aug;116(2):305-11
references.pmid: 16083784