title: Cytological evaluation of the effect of azoxystrobin and alternative oxidase inhibitors in Botrytis cinerea.
abstract: Azoxystrobin (AZ), a strobilurin-derived fungicide, is known to inhibit mitochondrial respiration in fungi by blocking the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Germination was strongly inhibited when Botrytis cinerea spore suspension was treated with AZ and the alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitors, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and n-propyl gallate. However, chemical death indicators trypan blue and propidium iodide showed that those spores were still alive. When the spore suspension in the AZ and SHAM solution was replaced with distilled water, the germination rate almost recovered, at least during the first 2 days of incubation with AZ and SHAM solution. No morphological alteration was detected in the cells treated with AZ and SHAM, especially in mitochondria, using transmission electron microscopy. Therefore, simultaneous application of AZ and AOX inhibitors has a fungistatic, rather than a fungicidal, action.
authors.affiliation: Stress Cytology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsurumi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Pyoyun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011435:Propyl Gallate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012457:Salicylamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D000073739:Strobilurins
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008689:Methacrylates; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012457:Salicylamides; D000073739:Strobilurins; D011435:Propyl Gallate; C005703:salicylhydroxamic acid; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C087670:azoxystrobin