title: Children hospitalized with lower extremity fractures in the United States in 2006: a population-based approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic and hospitalization characteristics of children hospitalized with lower extremity fractures in the United States in 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 0 to 20 years with a diagnosis of lower extremity fracture in the 2006 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) were included. Lower extremity fractures were defined by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes 820-829 under "Injury and Poisoning (800-999)." Patient demographic and hospitalization-related data were analyzed by chi-square testing and unbalanced analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were more boys than girls with lower extremity fractures and 53% had private insurance as their primary payer. About one half of the children were between the ages of 13 and 20 years, but all ages were represented from age 0 to 20. White children accounted for 56%. Urban hospitalizations accounted for 93% of cases and 66 percent of admissions were to teaching hospitals. All patients had an average length of stay (LOS) 4.04 days, and infant patients had the longest average LOS of 5.46 days. The average number of diagnoses per patient was 3.07, and the average number of procedures per patient was 2.21. The average charge per discharge was $35,236, and the oldest patients had the largest average charge of $41,907. The average number of comorbidities increased with increasing patient age. There was a 55.6% greater mortality risk in non-teaching hospitals than in teaching hospitals and there was at least ten times the mortality risk in rural hospitals than in urban hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides an understanding of the demographic and hospitalization characteristics of children with lower extremity fractures in the United States in 2006. This information may be useful in implementing measures to help prevent similar injuries in the future. Further research is required to determine causality of the associations found including increased mortality risk for this population at rural and non-teaching hospitals.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilization, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52254, USA.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D005529:Foot Bones / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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