title: ICP-MS analysis of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles as a non-radiative, multiplex approach to quantify biodistribution and blood clearance.
abstract: Recent advances in material science and chemistry have led to the development of nanoparticles with diverse physicochemical properties, e.g. size, charge, shape, and surface chemistry. Evaluating which physicochemical properties are best for imaging and therapeutic studies is challenging not only because of the multitude of samples to evaluate, but also because of the large experimental variability associated with in vivo studies (e.g. differences in tumor size, injected dose, subject weight, etc.). To address this issue, we have developed a lanthanide-doped nanoparticle system and analytical method that allows for the quantitative comparison of multiple nanoparticle compositions simultaneously. Specifically, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) with a range of different sizes and charges were synthesized, each with a unique lanthanide dopant. Following the simultaneous injection of the various SPIO compositions into tumor-bearing mice, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to quantitatively and orthogonally assess the concentration of each SPIO composition in serial blood samples and the resected tumor and organs. The method proved generalizable to other nanoparticle platforms, including dendrimers, liposomes, and polymersomes. This approach provides a simple, cost-effective, and non-radiative method to quantitatively compare tumor localization, biodistribution, and blood clearance of more than 10 nanoparticle compositions simultaneously, removing subject-to-subject variability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Crayton
authors.forename: Drew R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Ajlan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Zaki
authors.forename: Zhiliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsourkas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003911:Dextrans / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008027:Light; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C065507:ferumoxides
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