title: Measurements of bubbles in sea water by nonstationary sound scattering.
abstract: Methods for the characterization of bubbles in sea water by acoustic scattering are analyzed. Nonstationary linear and nonlinear sound scattering methods are proposed. The transient linear and nonlinear sound scattering allows the scattering by resonant gas bubbles to be distinguished from the scattering by other microinhomogeneities. The application of parametric arrays in oceanic experiments, together with the broadband frequency analysis of the backscattering coefficient, allows information about bubbles in sea water to be obtained. Experimental results on sound scattering and gas bubble distribution functions are presented for different conditions in the ocean.
authors.affiliation: V. I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 43, Baltiyskaya Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Akulichev
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Bulanov
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D005740:Gases; D016014:Linear Models; D009038:Motion; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D009991:Oscillometry; D010316:Particle Size; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D014867:Water