title: Estimation of beverage consumption and associated caloric intake in adult Czech population. An observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food intake is a commonly monitored issue in many studies. In contrast, almost no information has been published on beverage intake in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate beverage intake, we studied a population of 1, 200 adults (656 males and 544 females, aged 18-54 years). The volumes and types of beverages were obtained from self-reported questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean beverage intake was highly variable, with a minimum of 450 mL/day and a maximum of 5,330 mL/day. A mean of 1,575 mL/day was found in the entire population (2,300 mL in males and 840 mL in females). Different patterns in the consumption of beverage types were observed between the males and females. For both males and females, the most common beverage consumed was water followed by tea. The next preferable beverages were alcoholic beer, coffee, and non-alcoholic beer in males and coffee, milk, and alcoholic beer in females. The estimated caloric intake from beverages covers, in most individuals, 10-30% of the recommended daily caloric intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is substantial variation among individuals, both in beverage intake and in caloric intake through beverages. The caloric intake from beverages reaches, in some individuals, one-third of the recommended daily caloric rate.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. vead@ikem.cz
authors.forename: Věra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adámková
authors.forename: Jaroslav A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hubáček
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zimmelová
authors.forename: Miloš
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velemínský
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000818:Animals; D001515:Beer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001628:Beverages; D003069:Coffee; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea; D014867:Water; D014920:Wine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D014867:Water