title: Kidney-derived proteins in urine as biomarkers of induced acute kidney injury in sheep.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening condition for which an early diagnosis is problematic. The aim of the present study was to identify kidney-derived urinary proteins specific to AKI in sheep. AKI was induced in six sheep by an overdose of ketoprofen. Six untreated sheep served as controls. Urine samples were collected for up to 24 h after drug administration and pooled according to time and treatment. Tissue samples from kidney were taken immediately after euthanasia. Urinary proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and the proteins of interest were identified by mass spectrometry. Calbindin-D28k, retinol-binding protein 4 and CD1d were identified in ketoprofen-treated sheep, but not in controls. In addition, calbindin-D28k and CD1d were localized in kidney tissues by immunohistochemical staining. These preliminary results suggest that urinary calbindin-D28k and CD1d represent potential useful biomarkers of AKI, at least in sheep.
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, PO Box 57, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. mari.palviainen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palviainen
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raekallio
authors.forename: Minna M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rajamäki
authors.forename: Jere
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vainio
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D055610:Antigens, CD1d / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D015415:Biomarkers; D007660:Ketoprofen