title: Alpha-lipoic acid preserves the structural and functional integrity of red blood cells by adjusting the redox disturbance and decreasing O-GlcNAc modifications of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the daily administration of α-lipoic acid (LA) during 4 weeks prevents the redox disturbance in red blood cells (RBC) described in diabetes
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes was induced in rats by the administration of 40 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. LA was applied at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. for 4 weeks, starting from the last day of STZ administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LA-treated diabetic rats exhibited a general systemic improvement, revealed as the near restoration of body weight and of essential biochemical parameters. The latter was displayed as decreased hyperglycemia, lower triglyceride levels and lower serum activities of alanine aminotransferases and aspartate aminotransferases that point to a general improvement of diabetes-linked organ "lesions". The LA-treated diabetic rats also exhibited significant alleviation of oxidative stress, manifested as decreased lipid peroxidation and lower glycation levels of serum proteins and hemoglobin, while the RBC exhibited increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and elevated levels of reduced glutathione. In RBC, this was accompanied by decreased post-translational glycosylation by O-bound β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and of heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LA through its powerful antioxidant activity preserves the structural and functional integrity of RBC in diabetes. The RBC can then assume a more efficient role as the first line of systemic defense against diabetic complications arising from oxidative stress-induced damage of other tissues and organs.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia. mista@ibiss.bg.ac.rs
authors.forename: Mihailović
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirjana
authors.forename: Arambašić
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jelena
authors.forename: Uskoković
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aleksandra
authors.forename: Dinić
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Svetlana
authors.forename: Grdović
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nevena
authors.forename: Marković
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelena
authors.forename: Poznanović
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goran
authors.forename: Vidaković
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Melita
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D007501:Iron; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
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