title: Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells with H19 siRNA-mediated knockdown             as a potential resource for cell therapy.
abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are used in cell therapy and tissue engineering             due to their ability to produce different cells types. However, studies of ES             cells that are derived from fertilized embryos have raised concerns about the             limitations imposed by ethical and political considerations. Therefore, many studies             of stem cells use the stem cells that are derived from unfertilized oocytes and             adult tissue. Although parthenogenetic embryonic stem (ESP) cells also avoid ethical             and political dilemmas and can be used in cell-based therapy, the ESP cells exhibit             growth retardation problems. Therefore, to investigate the potential for muscle             growth from genetically modified ESP cells, we established four ES cell types,             including normal embryonic stem (ESN) cells, ESP cells, ESP cells that overexpress             the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene (ESI) and ESP cells with down-regulated             H19 gene expression (ESH). Using these cells, we examined the expression profiles             of genes that were related to imprinting and muscle using microarrays. The gene             expression patterns of ESI and ESH cells were similar and were more closely related             to the ESN pattern than that of the ESP cells. Differentiated ESH cells exhibited             increased expression of bone morphologic protein 4 (BMP4), which is a mesoderm             marker, compared with the differentiated ESI cells. We showed that Igf2 expression             was induced by H19 silencing in the ESP cells via hypermethylation of the H19             imprinting control region 1 (ICR1). Moreover, the proportion of ESH-derived chimera             was slightly higher than those produced from the ESP cells. In addition, we detected             increased cell proliferation in the MEF cells following H19 knock-down. These             results indicate that the ESH cells may be a source of cell-based therapy for             conditions such as muscular atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Ilchun Genomic Medicine Institute, MRC, Department of Biochemistry                     and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine,                     Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minhye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Seong-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bo-Woong
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Jeong-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jaeku
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002678:Chimera; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019175:DNA Methylation; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D023061:Gene Order; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D034622:RNA Interference; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II