title: Variation and predicted structure of the flagellin gene in Actinoplanes species.
abstract: Members of the genus Actinoplanes are considered to be representative of motile actinomycetes. To infer the flagellar diversity of Actinoplanes species, novel degenerate primers were designed for the flagellin (fliC) gene. The fliC gene of 21 Actinoplanes strains was successfully amplified and classified into two groups based on whether they were large (type I) or small (type II). Comparison of the translated amino acid sequences revealed that this size difference could be attributed to large number of gaps located in the central variable region. However, the C- and N- terminal regions were conserved. Except for a region on the flagellum surface, structural predictions of type I and II flagellins revealed that the two flagellin types were strongly correlated with each other. Phylogenetic analysis of the 115-amino acid N-terminal sequences revealed that the Actinoplanes species formed three clusters, and type II flagellin gene containing three type strains were phylogenetically closely related each other.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. hyamamura@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanawa
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Youji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yuumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Moriyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otoguro
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005408:Flagellin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008848:Micromonosporaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005408:Flagellin