title: Genome-wide binding map of the HIV-1 Tat protein to the human genome.
abstract: The HIV-1 Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) protein binds to multiple host cellular factors and greatly enhances the level of transcription of the HIV genome. While Tat's control of viral transcription is well-studied, much less is known about the interaction of Tat with the human genome. Here, we report the genome-wide binding map of Tat to the human genome in Jurkat T cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with next-generation sequencing. Surprisingly, we found that ~53% of the Tat target regions are within DNA repeat elements, greater than half of which are Alu sequences. The remaining target regions are located in introns and distal intergenic regions; only ~7% of Tat-bound regions are near transcription start sites (TSS) at gene promoters. Interestingly, Tat binds to promoters of genes that, in Jurkat cells, are bound by the ETS1 transcription factor, the CBP histone acetyltransferase and/or are enriched for histone H3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) and H3K27me3. Tat binding is associated with genes enriched with functions in T cell biology and immune response. Our data reveal that Tat's interaction with the host genome is more extensive than previously thought, with potentially important implications for the viral life cycle.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Virologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marban
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vatakis
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Jerome A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zack
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: Siavash K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kurdistani
mesh_terms: D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000378:metabolism*; D015894:Genome, Human; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat
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