title: The Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactome reveals the perception of pathogen by the host and suggests mechanisms of infection.
abstract: The Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes wilt and canker disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Mechanisms of Cmm pathogenicity and tomato response to Cmm infection are not well understood. To explore the interaction between Cmm and tomato, multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze in vitro and in planta generated samples. The results show that during infection Cmm senses the plant environment, transmits signals, induces, and then secretes multiple hydrolytic enzymes, including serine proteases of the Pat-1, Ppa, and Sbt familes, the CelA, XysA, and NagA glycosyl hydrolases, and other cell wall-degrading enzymes. Tomato induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, LOX1, and other defense-related proteins during infection indicates that the plant senses the invading bacterium and mounts a basal defense response, although partial with some suppressed components including class III peroxidases and a secreted serine peptidase. The tomato ethylene-synthesizing enzyme ACC-oxidase was induced during infection with the wild-type Cmm but not during infection with an endophytic Cmm strain, identifying Cmm-triggered host synthesis of ethylene as an important factor in disease symptom development. The proteomic data were also used to improve Cmm genome annotation, and thousands of Cmm gene models were confirmed or expanded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savidor
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teper
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gartemann
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eichenlaub
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chalupowicz
authors.forename: Shulamit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manulis-Sasson
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barash
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tews
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Giannone
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hettich
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sessa
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012984:Software; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C036216:ethylene