title: Photoacclimation in Dunaliella tertiolecta reveals a unique NPQ pattern upon exposure to irradiance.
abstract: Highly time-resolved photoacclimation patterns of the chlorophyte microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta during exposure to an off-on-off (block) light pattern of saturating photon flux, and to a regime of consecutive increasing light intensities are presented. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms unexpectedly responded with an initial decrease during dark-light transitions. NPQ values started to rise after light exposure of approximately 4 min. State-transitions, measured as a change of PSII:PSI fluorescence emission at 77 K, did not contribute to early NPQ oscillations. Addition of the uncoupler CCCP, however, caused a rapid increase in fluorescence and showed the significance of qE for NPQ. Partitioning of the quantum efficiencies showed that constitutive NPQ was (a) higher than qE-driven NPQ and (b) responded to light treatment within seconds, suggesting an active role of constitutive NPQ in variable energy dissipation, although it is thought to contribute statically to NPQ. The PSII connectivity parameter p correlated well with F', F(m)' and NPQ during the early phase of the dark-light transients in sub-saturating light, suggesting a plastic energy distribution pattern within energetically connected PSII centres. In consecutive increasing photon flux experiments, correlations were weaker during the second light increment. Changes in connectivity can present an early photoresponse that are reflected in fluorescence signals and NPQ and might be responsive to the short-term acclimation state, and/or to the actinic photon flux.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. S.Ihnken@nioo.knaw.nl
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ihnken
authors.forename: Jacco C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kromkamp
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beardall
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D008027:Light; D058086:Microalgae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D017785:Photons; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 9;94(25):14162-7
references.pmid: 9391170
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2008 Apr;96(1):83-97
references.pmid: 18197465
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1995 Nov;109(3):963-972
references.pmid: 12228645
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1996 Jul 23;35(29):9435-45
references.pmid: 8755722
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2001 Oct 23;40(42):12552-61
references.pmid: 11601979
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1998 Dec;118(4):1463-71
references.pmid: 9847122
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2000 Oct 29;355(1402):1351-9
references.pmid: 11127990
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Sep;62(3):667-83
references.pmid: 9729605
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Apr 2;130(13):4431-46
references.pmid: 18327941
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2003;75(1):11-27
references.pmid: 16245090
references.citation: FEBS J. 2008 Mar;275(6):1069-79
references.pmid: 18318834
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Oct 5;1367(1-3):88-106
references.pmid: 9784616
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Apr;1797(4):466-75
references.pmid: 20067757
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 1996 Dec;50(3):209-22
references.pmid: 24271960
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2001;67(1-2):139-45
references.pmid: 16228323
references.citation: Planta. 2005 Dec;223(1):114-133
references.pmid: 16411287
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1990 Feb;92(2):293-301
references.pmid: 16667274
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 May;1797(5):525-30
references.pmid: 20122896
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2008 Oct-Dec;98(1-3):565-74
references.pmid: 18821028
references.citation: Funct Plant Biol. 2006 Feb;33(1):9-30
references.pmid: 32689211
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2004 Feb;79(2):209
references.pmid: 16228395
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1988 Jan;86(1):293-8
references.pmid: 16665884
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2002;53:523-50
references.pmid: 12227339
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2005 Jan;56(411):365-73
references.pmid: 15557295
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1993 Dec;103(4):1413-1420
references.pmid: 12232035
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2004 Jul 6;43(26):8281-9
references.pmid: 15222740
references.citation: Planta. 1985 Feb;163(2):250-6
references.pmid: 24249347
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Jul 7;436(7047):134-7
references.pmid: 16001075
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 6;277(36):32739-45
references.pmid: 12105211
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jan 27;403(6768):391-5
references.pmid: 10667783
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1990 Oct;94(2):479-84
references.pmid: 16667737
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2007 Nov-Dec;94(2-3):275-90
references.pmid: 17665151
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 1994 Aug;41(2):357-70
references.pmid: 24310118
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2001 Apr;125(4):1558-66
references.pmid: 11299337
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Nov 22;450(7169):575-8
references.pmid: 18033302
references.citation: Planta. 2007 Jan;225(2):423-39
references.pmid: 16896791
references.citation: New Phytol. 2006;172(1):11-21
references.pmid: 16945085
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2000;63(2):159-70
references.pmid: 16228426
references.citation: Photosynth Res. 2004;82(1):73-81
references.pmid: 16228614
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2008 Aug;10(8):1997-2007
references.pmid: 18397307
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jun;1767(6):789-800
references.pmid: 17234152
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2009;60:239-60
references.pmid: 19575582
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2002 Apr;43(4):440-51
references.pmid: 11978872
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1999 Jun;50:333-359
references.pmid: 15012213