title: Genotoxicity assessment of water soluble fractions of biodiesel and its diesel blends using the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow® kit (Litron) assay.
abstract: The designation of biodiesel as an environmental-friendly alternative to diesel oil has improved its commercialization and use. However, most biodiesel environmental safety studies refer to air pollution and so far there have been very few literature data about its impacts upon other biotic systems, e.g. water, and exposed organisms. Spill simulations in water were carried out with neat diesel and biodiesel and their blends aiming at assessing their genotoxic potentials should there be contaminations of water systems. The water soluble fractions (WSF) from the spill simulations were submitted to solid phase extraction with C-18 cartridge and the extracts obtained were evaluated carrying out genotoxic and mutagenic bioassays [the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow® kit (Litron) assay]. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects were observed, respectively, in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay and the in vitro MN test carried out with the biodiesel WSF. This interesting result may be related to the presence of pollutants in biodiesel derived from the raw material source used in its production chain. The data showed that care while using biodiesel should be taken to avoid harmful effects on living organisms in cases of water pollution.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morais Leme
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grummt
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palma de Oliveira
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehr
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Renz
authors.forename: Sissy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reinel
authors.forename: Elisa R A
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Mary Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues de Marchi
authors.forename: Marcos Canto
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Guilherme Julião
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zocolo
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marin-Morales
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001681:Biological Assay; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005742:Gasoline; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical