title: Antifungal property of quaternized chitosan and its derivatives.
abstract: Five water-soluble chitosan derivatives were carried out by quaternizing either iodomethane or N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (Quat188) as a quaternizing agent under basic condition. The degree of quaternization (DQ) ranged between 28±2% and 90±2%. The antifungal activity was evaluated by using disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) methods against Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), Trichophyton mentagrophyte (T. mentagrophyte), and Microsporum gypseum (M. gypseum) at pH 7.2. All quaternized chitosans and its derivatives showed more effective against T. rubrum than M. gypseum and T. mentagrophyte. The MIC and MFC values were found to range between 125-1000 μg/mL and 500-4000 μg/mL, respectively against all fungi. Our results indicated that the quaternized N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamyl) chitosan chloride showed highest antifungal activity against T. rubrum and M. gypseum compared to other quaternized chitosan derivatives. The antifungal activity tended to increase with an increase in molecular weight, degree of quaternization and hydrophobic moiety against T. rubrum. However, the antifungal activity was depended on type of fungal as well as chemical structure of the quaternized chitosan derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Nanodelivery System Laboratory (NDS), National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand. warayuth@nanotec.or.th
authors.forename: Warayuth
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sajomsang
authors.forename: Pattarapond
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonil
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saesoo
authors.forename: Chitchamai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ovatlarnporn
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008864:Microsporum / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D014005:Tinea / Q000188:drug therapy; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D048271:Chitosan; C014055:methyl iodide