title: Flaws of drug instrumentalization.
abstract: The adaptive use of drugs, or "drug instrumentalization," is presented as a reality that the scientific literature has largely ignored. In this commentary, we demonstrate why this concept has limited value from the standpoint of nosology, why it should not be viewed as "adaptive," and why it has dangerous implications for policy and public health efforts.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS 5287), 33000 Bordeaux cedex - France. Joel.Swendsen@u-bordeaux2.fr.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swendsen
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Moal
mesh_terms: D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D012651:Self Medication / Q000523:psychology*