title: Regulation of MMP10 expression by the transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 is mediated by multiple E boxes.
abstract: The cardiovascular restricted bHLH transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 has been reported to play an important role in regulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype and gene expression, but the downstream target genes that mediate these effects have not been completely elucidated. We have previously found that loss of CHF1/Hey2 in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to dysregulated expression of the matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP10 after treatment with PDGF. Here we report that loss or knockdown of CHF1/Hey2 in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to increased expression and activity of MMP10 at baseline, suggesting a direct effect of CHF1/Hey2 on MMP10 promoter regulation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of CHF1/Hey2 on a 2.5 kb MMP10 promoter region upstream of the transcriptional start site. We found that this region contains multiple elements including 12 E-boxes that mediate constitutive activity and repression by CHF1/Hey2 in 293T cells and A7r5 smooth muscle cells. Surprisingly, mutation of these E-boxes not only abolished CHF1/Hey2 repression, but also diminished constitutive expression. In addition, we observed that some of these mutations unmasked an activator function for CHF1/Hey2, which has not been previously described. These findings support the hypothesis that CHF1/Hey2 is an important regulator of MMP10 expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei-Ming
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moussavi-Harami
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024721:E-Box Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000201:enzymology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D053506:Matrix Metalloproteinase 10; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C485778:Hey2 protein, mouse
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