title: Ocular adnexal lymphoma of the extraocular muscles: case series from the University of Iowa and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and statistically analyze the data of patients with discrete involvement of the extraocular muscles with ocular adnexal lymphoma from the tumor registry at the University of Iowa and to compile with current cases in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients with biopsy-proven orbital lymphoma at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Department of Ophthalmology and the Tumor Registry of the University of Iowa were reviewed. A review of the literature and meta-analysis were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients were identified with biopsy-proven ocular adnexal lymphoma with discrete involvement of the extraocular muscles at the University of Iowa. Additionally, 46 patients were identified in the literature with clinical and radiographic involvement of the extraocular muscles, 31 (67%) with biopsy-proven involvement. In the combined group of 57 patients, 16 (35%) of 45 patients with histopathologic documentation had lymphomas classified as extranodal marginal zone lymphomas. Twenty-five (67%) of the 37 patients with tumor-staging documentation had no extraorbital involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular adnexal lymphoma with discrete extraocular muscle involvement is rare. Most lymphomas found in this area of the orbit are subtypes of B-cell lymphoma. This disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of enlarged extraocular muscles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmic Plastic, Orbital, and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. lynnette_watkinsmd@comcast.net
authors.forename: Lynnette M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nerad
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012042:Registries; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor