title: The beetroot component betanin modulates ROS production, DNA damage and apoptosis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of betanin, one of the beetroot major components, on ROS production, DNA damage and apoptosis in human resting and stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate13-acetate polymorphonuclear neutrophils, one of the key elements of the inflammatory response. Incubation of neutrophils with betanin in the concentration range 2-500 µM resulted in significant inhibition of ROS production (by 15-46%, depending on the ROS detection assay). The antioxidant capacity of betanin was most prominently expressed in the chemiluminescence measurements. This compound decreased also the percentage of DNA in comet tails in stimulated neutrophils, but only at the 24 h time point. In resting neutrophils an increased level of DNA in comet tails was observed. Betanin did not affect the activity of caspase-3, in resting neutrophils, but significantly enhanced the enzyme activity in stimulated neutrophils. The western blot analysis showed, however, an increased level of caspase-3 cleavage products as a result of betanin treatment both in resting and stimulated neutrophils. The results indicate that betanin may be responsible for the effect of beetroot products on neutrophil oxidative metabolism and its consequences, DNA damage and apoptosis. The dose and time dependent effects on these processes require further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland. mzielin@ump.edu.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zielińska-Przyjemska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olejnik
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostrzewa
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łuczak
authors.forename: Paweł P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Jagodziński
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baer-Dubowska
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D050859:Betacyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D050859:Betacyanins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate