title: Three-phase helical computed tomographic findings of hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: pathologic correlation with revised WHO classification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate 3-phase helical computed tomographic (CT) findings of hepatic neuroendocrine tumors and to correlate them with pathologic diagnoses based on the revised World Health Organization classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 14-year period, we collected 38 patients with pathologically proven neuroendocrine tumors of the liver, either primary or metastatic, who had 3-phase helical CT scans. CT findings were evaluated for the morphologic and enhancement patterns (ie, hepatocellular carcinomalike, cholangiocarcinomalike, and combined patterns), and correlated those with pathologic diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphologic patterns were variable regardless of the pathologic diagnoses, except necrosis (P = 0.024). For the enhancement pattern, almost half of the tumors showed hepatocellular carcinomalike pattern, and the other half showed cholangiocarcinomalike or combined patterns, without correlation between the enhancement pattern and pathologic diagnoses (P = 0.402).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CT features of hepatic neuroendocrine tumors were variable and did not correlate with their pathologic diagnoses. However, hepatic neuroendocrine tumors frequently show hepatocellular carcinomalike arterial enhancement, and often show cholangiocarcinomalike delayed enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center of Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunchul
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.forename: Hye Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Cheol Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide