title: Modulation of T cell proliferation and cytokine response by Plumbagin, extracted from Plumbago zeylanica in collagen induced arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extracts of Plumbago zeylanica have been used in China and other Asian countries as folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and dysmenorrhoea. Effect of Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) purified from Plumbago zeylanica on Con A induced T cell proliferation was studied in spleen cells from collagen induced arthritic DBA/1 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DBA/1 mice (five per each group) were immunized with 0.1 mL of collagen (emulsified in CFA) by intradermal injection at the base of the tail. On day 20, mice were given a booster dose of collagen (emulsified in IFA) through the same route. Plumbagin was given at different concentrations (3.3, 6.6, 13.3 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Control mice received olive oil alone. The Con A induced T cell proliferative responses of arthritic and Plumbagin treated mice were studied by cell culture experiments using tritiated Thymidine. In addition the cytokine levels were estimated from the in vitro spleen culture supernatants of arthritic mice primed with different concentrations of Plumbagin by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plumbagin enhanced the decreased Con A induced T cell proliferation and Interleukin-2 production in arthritic mice. Moreover elevated levels of IFN- γ were found to be decreased in Plumbagin treated spleen cell culture supernatants. Subclasses of IgG were found to be decreased by Plumbagin treatment, IgG2a reduction seems to be more prominent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained in the current study indicate that Plumbagin is very effective in the mechanism based treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. apara_p@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Aparanji
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poosarla
authors.forename: Rao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D N
authors.forename: Rama Rao
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Athota
authors.forename: Venu Gopal
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Sunkara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D029606:Plumbaginaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003094:Collagen
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1992 Oct;35(10):1160-9
references.pmid: 1329774
references.citation: EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(13):4025-31
references.pmid: 1721867
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1996 May;39(5):797-809
references.pmid: 8639177
references.citation: J Immunol. 1992 Aug 1;149(3):1054-62
references.pmid: 1386092
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Dec;335(3):735-42
references.pmid: 20858709
references.citation: BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Jun 11;7:20
references.pmid: 17562016
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1985 Dec 1;162(6):1878-91
references.pmid: 3934318
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 1958 Aug;15(1):112-7
references.pmid: 13574164
references.citation: Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1992 Mar;62(3):295-300
references.pmid: 1371728
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Oct;31(10):1297-304
references.pmid: 3140821
references.citation: J Immunol. 1990 Jan 1;144(1):251-8
references.pmid: 1688572
references.citation: Int J Immunopharmacol. 1987;9(1):9-16
references.pmid: 3495501
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9784-8
references.pmid: 1409699
references.citation: Immunity. 1996 May;4(5):445-54
references.pmid: 8630730
references.citation: J Immunol. 1994 Nov 15;153(10):4766-74
references.pmid: 7963543
references.citation: Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Jul;9(7-8):949-58
references.pmid: 19374955
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Sep;34(9):1125-32
references.pmid: 1930331
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Nov 1;173(9):5818-26
references.pmid: 15494535
references.citation: Int J Immunopharmacol. 1990;12(7):703-12
references.pmid: 2292452
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1977 Sep 1;146(3):857-68
references.pmid: 894190