title: O-acetylation of Arabidopsis hemicellulose xyloglucan requires AXY4 or AXY4L, proteins with a TBL and DUF231 domain.
abstract: In an Arabidopsis thaliana forward genetic screen aimed at identifying mutants with altered structures of their hemicellulose xyloglucan (axy mutants) using oligosaccharide mass profiling, two nonallelic mutants (axy4-1 and axy4-2) that have a 20 to 35% reduction in xyloglucan O-acetylation were identified. Mapping of the mutation in axy4-1 identified AXY4, a type II transmembrane protein with a Trichome Birefringence-Like domain and a domain of unknown function (DUF231). Loss of AXY4 transcript results in a complete lack of O-acetyl substituents on xyloglucan in several tissues, except seeds. Seed xyloglucan is instead O-acetylated by the paralog AXY4like, as demonstrated by the analysis of the corresponding T-DNA insertional lines. Wall fractionation analysis of axy4 knockout mutants indicated that only a fraction containing xyloglucan is non-O-acetylated. Hence, AXY4/AXY4L is required for the O-acetylation of xyloglucan, and we propose that these proteins represent xyloglucan-specific O-acetyltransferases, although their donor and acceptor substrates have yet to be identified. An Arabidopsis ecotype, Ty-0, has reduced xyloglucan O-acetylation due to mutations in AXY4, demonstrating that O-acetylation of xyloglucan does not impact the plant's fitness in its natural environment. The relationship of AXY4 with another previously identified group of Arabidopsis proteins involved in general wall O-acetylation, reduced wall acetylation, is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gille
authors.forename: Amancio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Guangyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schultink
authors.forename: Ida-Barbara
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Reca
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauly
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D060146:Ecotype; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C574398:AXY4 protein, Arabidopsis; C574399:AXY4L protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005936:Glucans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; C036483:T-DNA; D014990:Xylans; C029353:xyloglucan; C007916:hemicellulose; D000123:Acetyltransferases
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