title: Comprehensive approach to restoration of function in patients with radiation-induced pharyngoesophageal stenosis: report of 31 patients and proposal of new classification scheme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment for upper aerodigestive tract malignancy with external beam radiation therapy and chemotherapy can result in a "cure," yet result in pharyngoesophageal (PE) stenosis. To improve communication, compare therapeutic results, and assist in treatment planning, we developed a new classification system to describe PE stenoses. Additionally, we analyzed our 6-year experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new classification system was defined and used to assess patient management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one patients underwent treatment for PE stenoses using: 4 rendezvous dilations, 3 regional, and 24 free tissue transfers. Overall success was based on airway status, speech, and swallowing outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Classification of posttreatment stenoses has been applied to this patient group. It is effective in defining the problem and considerations related to treatment planning and surgical access when augmentation pharyngoplasty is required. Patients with an intact larynx have many issues that make recovery of function less consistent, despite segment restoration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. murken@chpnet.org
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Urken
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Cathy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lazarus
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D003679:Deglutition / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000145:classification* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D011859:Radiography; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies