title: Inducible ASABF-type antimicrobial peptide from the sponge Suberites domuncula: microbicidal and hemolytic activity in vitro and toxic effect on molluscs in vivo.
abstract: Since sponges, as typical filter-feeders, are exposed to a high load of attacking prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, they are armed with a wide arsenal of antimicrobial/cytostatic low-molecular-weight, non-proteinaceous bioactive compounds. Here we present the first sponge agent belonging to the group of ASABF-type antimicrobial peptides. The ASABF gene was identified and cloned from the demosponge Suberites domuncula. The mature peptide, with a length of 64 aa residues has a predicted pI of 9.24, and comprises the characteristic CSα β structural motif. Consequently, the S. domuncula ASABF shares high similarity with the nematode ASABFs; it is distantly related to the defensins. The recombinant peptide was found to display besides microbicidal activity, anti-fungal activity. In addition, the peptide lyses human erythrocytes. The expression of ASABF is upregulated after exposure to the apoptosis-inducing agent 2,2'-dipyridyl. During the process of apoptosis of surface tissue of S. domuncula, grazing gastropods (Bittium sp.) are attracted by quinolinic acid which is synthesized through the kynurenine pathway by the enzyme 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (HAD). Finally, the gastropods are repelled from the sponge tissue by the ASABF. It is shown that the effector peptide ASABF is sequentially expressed after the induction of the HAD gene and a caspase, as a central enzyme executing apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiens
authors.affiliation: ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korzhev
authors.affiliation: ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1796-6314
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, Rovinj HR-52210, Croatia.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Batel
authors.affiliation: ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Mainz D-55128, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner E G
authors.initials: WEG
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D053878:Hemolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008974:Mollusca / Q000187:drug effects*; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D047233:Suberites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D053878:Hemolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
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