title: Neonatal testicular torsion: a survey of current practice amongst paediatric surgeons and urologists in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Management of neonatal testicular torsion (NTT) is controversial, with varied opinion regarding the merit(s) and role of "emergent" testicular exploration and/or contralateral orchidopexy of the healthy testis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of consultant paediatric surgeons and urologists working in the United Kingdom and Ireland was conducted to ascertain views to guide best practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 148 questionnaires were mailed, of which 110 were returned (74% response rate). Of these, 60 (54.5%) surgeons considered NTT secondary to torsion of the spermatic cord and 8 (7.2%) thought primary vascular infarction of the testis responsible. Twelve (10.9%) use Doppler ultrasound to guide management and exclude tumour. Eighty-two surgeons (74.5%) explore the scrotum, and 59 (71.9%) perform ipsilateral orchidectomy and contralateral orchidopexy of the "healthy" testis. Few surgeons undertake emergent exploration. Only 11 (10%) surgeons have ever found a viable testis. Seven (6.4%) cases of synchronous NTT were reported. Twenty-four (21.8%) surgeons do not perform contralateral orchidopexy with concerns of damaging a healthy testis. Orchidopexy is favoured by 89 surgeons, with 46 (52%) using nonabsorbable suture fixation and 28 (31.4%) creating a sutureless extradartos pouch. In boys later found to have a "solitary scrotal testis" and a contralateral testicular remnant, 38 (36.5%) of 104 would always "pex" the testis to avert anorchia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons' opinions with NTT in the United Kingdom and Ireland remain diverse. Strong argument can be made for scrotal exploration with/without contralateral orchidopexy. Parents should be counselled on the merits of varied strategies to gain better understanding of the long-term outcomes for their male child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Childrens' NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Hannah L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Harriet J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: J Fraser
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Horwood
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Losty
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D005104:Expert Testimony; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000601:surgery; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D006113:United Kingdom