title: [The effects of the cadmium chloride on the DNA damage and the expression level of gadd gene in HepG2 cell line].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the cadmium chloride on the DNA damage and the expression of the gadd153 and gadd45beta promoter and mRNA in HepG2 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA damage induced by cadmium chloride was detected by comet assay. The plasmids (pGADD153-Luc and pG45-Luc) containing DNA damage and repair inducible gene 153 and 45 (gadd153 and gadd45beta) promoter and luciferase and gadd45beta reporter gene were constructed. The activity of gadd153 and gadd45beta promoter were represented by the luciferase activity, the inducible luciferase activities was detected by bioluminescence. The expression of gadd153 and gadd45beta mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of comet assay indicated that Olive Tail Moment induced by the cadmium chloride increased significantly at the dose of 100, 300 micromol/L, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The luciferase activity analysis showed that the expression levels of gadd153 promoter increased significantly in 1, 5, 10 micromol/L treatment group, compared with the control (P < 0.05). The expression levels of gadd45beta promoter in 5, 10 micromol/L treatment group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of gadd153 mRNA induced by cadmium chloride at the doses of 1, 5, 10 micromol/L and the expression levels of gadd45beta mRNA induced at the doses of 5, 10 micromol/L were significantly higher than thoae in control group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cadmium chloride can induce the DNA damage and increase the expression levels of the gadd153 and gadd45beta promoters in HepG2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Zhen-Jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Cai
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Long-Gang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics*; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; C086470:GADD45B protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins