title: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry screening method for the simultaneous detection of stimulants and diuretics in urine.
abstract: This study established a simultaneous screening method based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) for the detection of 23 stimulants and 23 diuretics in human urine. An electrospray ionization source and multiple reaction  monitoring were used for data acquisition. All stimulants and diuretics were separated in less than 12.52 min. The limits of detection were in the range of 25-500 ng/mL for stimulants and 25-125 ng/mL for diuretics. To evaluate the performance of this method, urine samples were  collected from 1627 athletes in Taiwan, and 7 positive samples were found. This LC-MS-MS method not only meets the minimum required performance limits set by the World Anti-Doping Agency but also provides a fast way to analyze the authentic urine samples in doping control laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Physical Education, National Taiwan Sport University, Kweishan, Taoyuan County.
authors.forename: Ku Fu
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Kuei-Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Guo Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chang-Chien
authors.forename: Su Fan
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pei Hsuan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Mei-Chich
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004232:Diuretics / Q000652:urine*; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013624:Taiwan; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004232:Diuretics; D058573:Performance-Enhancing Substances