title: CS-US interval determines the transition from overshadowing to potentiation with flavor compounds.
abstract: The present series of five flavor aversion experiments with rat subjects examined compound conditioning at varying CS-US intervals. Using a taste-taste design, Experiments 1A and 1B demonstrated overshadowing at a 0-min CS-US interval and potentiation at a 120-min CS-US interval, and these effects occurred with both tastes of the compound. Experiment 2 showed that the aversion to a single element is reduced when the CS-US interval is increased to 120 min, but the aversion for a compound taste is not. Experiments 3A and 3B explored odor + taste compound conditioning; the results demonstrated odor potentiation across the trace interval and a transition from taste overshadowing to taste potentiation. Collectively, the data show that the change from overshadowing to potentiation was not due to changes in the aversions produced by compound conditioning but, instead, was due to a more rapid loss of conditionability across a trace interval prior to the US in single-element conditioning. These experiments suggest that following compound conditioning, the aversion to each element represents generalization decrement from the configured compound, but the designation of overshadowing or potentiation actually depends on the status of conditioning in the single-element control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA. rbatsell@kzoo.edu
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Batsell
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Leigh Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ulrey
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reimink
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dexheimer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D005793:Generalization, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1999 Jul;25(3):374-88
references.pmid: 10423857
references.citation: Q J Exp Psychol B. 1983 Feb;35 (Pt 1):13-33
references.pmid: 6682563
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2009 Jul;35(3):340-56
references.pmid: 19594280
references.citation: Behav Processes. 2008 Mar;77(3):413-27; discussion 451-3
references.pmid: 18031954
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2011 Jan;37(1):41-57
references.pmid: 21261414
references.citation: J Comp Psychol. 1985 Mar;99(1):108-11
references.pmid: 3979026
references.citation: Behav Neural Biol. 1979 Jan;25(1):1-17
references.pmid: 454334
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2006 Jul;32(3):201-14
references.pmid: 16834489
references.citation: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1978 Oct;92(5):907-16
references.pmid: 730860
references.citation: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1982 Aug;96(4):527-39
references.pmid: 6288778
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 1987 Apr;101(2):158-63
references.pmid: 3034301
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2001 Jan;27(1):30-47
references.pmid: 11199513
references.citation: Learn Behav. 2008 Nov;36(4):267-78
references.pmid: 18927050
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1985 Jan;11(1):15-34
references.pmid: 2578009
references.citation: Psychol Rev. 1980 Nov;87(6):532-52
references.pmid: 7443916
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Apr;29(8):1654-62
references.pmid: 19419428
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2011 Jul;37(3):287-99
references.pmid: 21500931
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1980 Apr;6(2):175-87
references.pmid: 7373231
references.citation: Science. 1980 May 16;208(4445):753-5
references.pmid: 7367891
references.citation: Learn Behav. 2004 Nov;32(4):440-53
references.pmid: 15825885