title: Third-line sunitinib following sequential use of cytokine therapy and sorafenib in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of sunitinib as third-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included a total of 35 consecutive Japanese patients with mRCC who were treated with third-line sunitinib after sequential use of cytokine therapy (interferon-α and/or interleukin-2) and sorafenib between September 2008 and December 2010. The clinical outcomes of third-line sunitinib in these patients were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 patients, 3 (8.6%), 28 (80.0%) and 4 (11.4%) were judged to have a partial response, stable disease and progressive disease, respectively, as the best response to sunitinib. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients following the introduction of sunitinib were 10.9 and 14.2 months, respectively. Of several factors examined, response to sorafenib and performance status appeared to be independently associated with PFS and OS, respectively, on multivariate analyses. The common grade 3-4 adverse events related to third-line sunitinib were thrombocytopenia (51.4%), neutropenia (42.9%) and hypertension (14.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the low response rate, third-line sunitinib is well tolerated and could provide comparatively favorable prognostic outcomes in Japanese patients with mRCC after first-line cytokine therapy and second-line sorafenib; therefore, treatment with sunitinib could be one on the therapeutic options for patients with mRCC even after the failure of sequentially performed systemic therapies, such as cytokine therapy and sorafenib.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. hideakimiyake@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusuda
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011379:Prognosis; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011758:Pyrroles; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib
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