title: [Respiratory and hemodynamic changes during lung recruitment maneuvering through progressive increases and decreases in PEEP level].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the respiratory and hemodynamic changes during lung recruitment maneuvering (LRM) through stepwise increases and decreases in PEEP level.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study in a 17-bed ICU was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with acute respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  LRM was carried out, consisting of stepwise increases in PEEP (4 cmH(2)O every 3 minutes), with fixed ventilation pressure, until reaching a maximal value of 36 cmH(2)O PEEP (ascending branch), followed by progressive decreases in PEEP (2 cmH(2)O every 3 minutes) until establishing the open-lung PEEP at the value associated to maximum respiratory compliance (Crs) (descending branch). Continuous hemodynamic monitoring was performed using an esophageal echodoppler probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Crs gradually decreased in the ascending branch of the LRM, and progressively increased surpassing the initial value after establish the open-lung PEEP in the descending branch, reducing the ventilation pressure and increasing the SpO(2)/FiO(2) ratio. Hemodynamic changes primarily consisted of a fall in cardiac output and left ventricular preload, together with an increased heart rate and cardiac contractility. At comparable levels of PEEP and mean airway pressure, these changes were more pronounced during the descending branch of the LRM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) LRM increased Crs, improving oxygenation and decreasing ventilation pressure; 2) the main hemodynamic consequence was the drop in cardiac output and left ventricular preload; and 3) the unequal hemodynamic derangement in both branches, at the same level of PEEP and mean airway pressure, showed that, along with intrathoracic pressure, other factor such as Crs and hypercapnia may have influenced the hemodynamic consequences of this type of LRM.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos y Urgencias, Unidad de Investigación Experimental, Hospital del SAS Jerez, España. ignaciomonge@gmail.com
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Monge García
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil Cano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gracia Romero
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Díaz Monrové
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult