title: Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo.
abstract: Arrays of electrodes for recording and stimulating the brain are used throughout clinical medicine and basic neuroscience research, yet are unable to sample large areas of the brain while maintaining high spatial resolution because of the need to individually wire each passive sensor at the electrode-tissue interface. To overcome this constraint, we developed new devices that integrate ultrathin and flexible silicon nanomembrane transistors into the electrode array, enabling new dense arrays of thousands of amplified and multiplexed sensors that are connected using fewer wires. We used this system to record spatial properties of cat brain activity in vivo, including sleep spindles, single-trial visual evoked responses and electrographic seizures. We found that seizures may manifest as recurrent spiral waves that propagate in the neocortex. The developments reported here herald a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic brain-machine interface devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viventi
authors.forename: Dae-Hyeong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vigeland
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Frechette
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Yun-Soung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Avrin
authors.forename: Vineet R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Tiruvadi
authors.forename: Suk-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vanleer
authors.forename: Drausin F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wulsin
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Casey E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gelber
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van der Spiegel
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Litt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
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