title: Imaging mass spectrometry evaluation of the effects of various irrigation fluids in a rat model of postoperative cerebral edema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we investigated the cerebral protective effect of an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ARTCEREB (Artcereb, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan), as an irrigation and perfusion solution for neurosurgical procedures in a rat craniotomy model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wounds created in the rat cerebral cortex were continuously irrigated with Artcereb, normal saline, or lactated Ringer's solution at a steady rate for 4 hours, after which brain tissue was collected. Brain slices were prepared and analyzed using IMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In tissue surrounding the injury, the signal intensity for Na adduct ions to phosphatidylcholine was high and that for K adduct ions to phosphatidylcholine was low. This is thought to reflect the level of water retention in brain cells and to be a change accompanying edema. The signal intensity with Na adduct ions to phosphatidylcholine was significantly lower in the Artcereb group than in the physiological saline or lactated Ringer's solution groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMS analysis in a rat craniotomy model indicated that the level of water retention in brain cells, calculated from the signal intensity of Na-adducted phosphatidylcholine around the wound area, was lowest in the Artcereb group, suggesting that artificial CSF that has similar composition and properties to human CSF can minimize edema in the brain surrounding the surgical wound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goto-Inoue
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setou
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Namba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate