title: HIV-associated anal dysplasia: experience from a multiethnic-HIV clinic in Hawaii.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the proportion as well as predictors of anal dysplasia in HIV-infected Asian/Pacific Islanders.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective chart review evaluating the proportion of anal dysplasia among a multiethnic population from an ambulatory university-based HIV clinic in Hawaii. Demographic, clinical, and virologic parameters were examined with respect to abnormal anal Pap smear. Variables included: Pap smear results (outcome variable), cytology results, age, self-reported ethnicity, CD4/ nadir CD4 counts, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy use, Hepatitis B and C co-infections, history of sexually transmitted diseases, personal history of cancer, tobacco use, alcohol use, intravenous drug abuse, family history of cancer, and history of genital/anal warts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in rates of abnormal Pap smear among the ethnic groups. Abnormal Pap smears were associated with history of genital warts (7% normal vs. 18% abnormal, p=.01) and alcohol consumption (16% vs. 27%, p=.05). Hepatitis B infection and current anti-retroviral therapy (ART) were associated with normal Pap cytology (9.7% vs. 0%, p=.03) and (96.8% vs. 86.5%, p=.05) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No differences in the proportion of abnormal Pap smears were seen among ethnic groups followed within an ambulatory HIV clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, 3675 Kilauea Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA.
authors.forename: Ahoora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Payam
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shiramizu
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shikuma
authors.forename: Cris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kajioka
authors.forename: Lana Sue
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ka'opua
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cassel
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D001706:Biopsy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
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