title: shRNA against CD44 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration,             and promotes apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells.
abstract: CD44 is a causal factor for tumor invasion, metastasis and acquisition of             resistance to apoptosis. CD44 knockdown using inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA)             significantly reduces cell growth and invasion. Short hairpin RNA against CD44             and pGFP-V-RS-vector was used for knockdown of CD44 expression in SW620 colon             cancer cells. Cell growth, invasion and migration assay, immunofluorescence for             β-catenin expression and western blotting for Wnt signaling molecules were analyzed.             Cell cycle analysis and western blot analysis for apoptotic molecules were evaluated.             Short hairpin RNA against CD44 reduced the expression of CD44. Cell proliferation,             migration and invasion were markedly inhibited and apoptosis was increased in             shRNA CD44-transfected cells. Knockdown of CD44 decreased the phosphorylation             of PDK1, Akt and GSK3β, and β-catenin levels. Decreased phosphorylated Akt led             to an increase in phosphorylated FoxO1 and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0-G1             phase and a decrease in the S phase. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression             were down-regulated, while the levels of BAX expression and cleaved caspase-3,             -8 and -9 were increased. CD44 knockdown by way of shRNA inhibited cell proliferation             and induced cell apoptosis. This can be used as a therapeutic intervention with             the anti-survival/pro-apoptotic machinery in human colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School                     and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Gwangju 519-809, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Jae Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyeong Rok
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases