title: Real-time ophthalmoscopic findings of superselective intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy in a nonhuman primate model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report real-time ophthalmoscopic findings during superselective intraophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SSIOAC) in a nonhuman primate model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult male Rhesus macaques (Macacca mulatta) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment cohorts: melphalan (5 mg/30 mL) or carboplatin (30 mg/30 mL). Each animal underwent 3 separate SSIOAC procedures at 3-week intervals. Digital retinal images were obtained during each infusion. Intravenous fluorescein angiography was performed immediately after each procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All SSIOAC procedures were successfully completed. Toxicities were equally distributed between drug cohorts. Systemic toxicities included mild bone marrow suppression in all animals and anorexia in 1. One animal had greater than 50% narrowing of the treated ophthalmic artery after its second infusion. All 18 procedures (100%) resulted in pulsatile optic nerve and choroid blanching, retinal artery narrowing, and retinal edema. Of the 18 procedures, retinal artery sheathing was found during 17 (94%), and retinal artery precipitates were seen in 10 (56%); choroidal hypoperfusion was seen by fluorescein angiogram in 18 (100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time ophthalmic investigations are useful and, in our nonhuman primate model, indicate prevalent, acute ocular vascular toxicities during SSIOAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time retinal imaging is feasible in a nonhuman primate model of SSIOAC. Application to SSIOAC in children may shed insight into reported vascular toxicities.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, USA. mwilson5@uthsc.edu
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Blanca X
authors.initials: BX
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frase
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jena J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Steinle
authors.forename: Clinton F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mandrell
authors.forename: Barrett G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Haik
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D016190:Carboplatin; D008558:Melphalan
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