title: Metal-induced oxidative stress and plant mitochondria.
abstract: A general status of oxidative stress in plants caused by exposure to elevated metal concentrations in the environment coincides with a constraint on mitochondrial electron transport, which enhances ROS accumulation at the mitochondrial level. As mitochondria are suggested to be involved in redox signaling under environmental stress conditions, mitochondrial ROS can initiate a signaling cascade mediating the overall stress response, i.e., damage versus adaptation. This review highlights our current understanding of metal-induced responses in plants, with focus on the production and detoxification of mitochondrial ROS. In addition, the potential involvement of retrograde signaling in these processes will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; E-Mails:  els.keunen@uhasselt.be  (E.K.);  tony.remans@uhasselt.be  (T.R.);  sacha.bohler@uhasselt.be  (S.B.);  jaco.vangronsveld@uhasselt.be  (J.V.).
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keunen
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Remans
authors.forename: Sacha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohler
authors.forename: Jaco
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vangronsveld
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuypers
mesh_terms: D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
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