title: Photon efficient double-helix PSF microscopy with application to 3D photo-activation localization imaging.
abstract: We present a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) based three-dimensional (3D) microscope with efficient photon collection using a phase mask fabricated by gray-level lithography. The system using the phase mask more than doubles the efficiency of current liquid crystal spatial light modulator implementations. We demonstrate the phase mask DH-PSF microscope for 3D photo-activation localization microscopy (PM-DH-PALM) over an extended axial range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309,  USA.
authors.forename: Ginni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quirin
authors.forename: Callie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piestun
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