title: Intratracheal instillation of cerium oxide nanoparticles induces hepatic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticles have been posited to have both beneficial and toxic effects on biological systems. Herein, we examine if a single intratracheal instillation of CeO(2) nanoparticles is associated with systemic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control animals, CeO(2) nanoparticle exposure was associated with increased liver ceria levels, elevations in serum alanine transaminase levels, reduced albumin levels, a diminished sodium-potassium ratio, and decreased serum triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). Consistent with these data, rats exposed to CeO(2) nanoparticles also exhibited reductions in liver weight (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent hydropic degeneration, hepatocyte enlargement, sinusoidal dilatation, and accumulation of granular material. No histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney, spleen, and heart. Analysis of serum biomarkers suggested an elevation of acute phase reactants and markers of hepatocyte injury in the rats exposed to CeO(2) nanoparticles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these data suggest that intratracheal instillation of CeO(2) nanoparticles can result in liver damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25755-1090, USA.
authors.forename: Siva K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Nalabotu
authors.forename: Madhukar B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Triest
authors.forename: Jane Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Nandini D P K
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.forename: Anjaiah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katta
authors.forename: Hari S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Addagarla
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Blough
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002563:Cerium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide
references.citation: Nanotoxicology. 2011 Sep;5(3):312-25
references.pmid: 20925443
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2011 Jan;32(1):3-9
references.pmid: 20864168
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2007 Mar 14;(10):1056-8
references.pmid: 17325804
references.citation: IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. 2011 Mar;10(1):44-50
references.pmid: 21518669
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005 Oct;37(10):2134-46
references.pmid: 15893952
references.citation: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 Dec;10(12):8527-37
references.pmid: 21121362
references.citation: Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Jul;97(1):15-21
references.pmid: 15943754
references.citation: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 Dec;10(12):8544-9
references.pmid: 21121364
references.citation: Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2009 Mar-Jun;147-148:56-66
references.pmid: 19027889
references.citation: Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2010 Jan;62(1):35-43
references.pmid: 19181502
references.citation: Phytother Res. 2003 Aug;17(7):784-91
references.pmid: 12916078
references.citation: J Appl Toxicol. 1987 Jun;7(3):185-91
references.pmid: 3624777
references.citation: Part Fibre Toxicol. 2007 Dec 05;4:12
references.pmid: 18053256
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2007 Feb 1;73(3):549-59
references.pmid: 17207782
references.citation: Nanomedicine. 2009 Jun;5(2):225-31
references.pmid: 19285453
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Feb 11;340(6):448-54
references.pmid: 9971870
references.citation: Nihon Juigaku Zasshi. 1989 Aug;51(4):733-9
references.pmid: 2585928
references.citation: Hepatology. 2003 Mar;37(3):558-61
references.pmid: 12601353
references.citation: Cell Biol Toxicol. 2006 May;22(3):221-7
references.pmid: 16583303
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Oct;48(10):2741-6
references.pmid: 20637254
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2007 Apr;28(10):1918-25
references.pmid: 17222903
references.citation: Nutrition. 2008 Nov-Dec;24(11-12):1133-8
references.pmid: 18752929
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 1999 Sep 1;235(1-3):71-6
references.pmid: 10535108
references.citation: Inhal Toxicol. 2008 Apr;20(6):547-66
references.pmid: 18444008
references.citation: Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2008 Jan;37(1):16-8, 36
references.pmid: 18421854
references.citation: Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2004 Feb;3(1):149-51
references.pmid: 14969860
references.citation: J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2009 Nov;9(11):6335-43
references.pmid: 19908531
references.citation: Acta Histochem. 2009;111(1):42-51
references.pmid: 18554692
references.citation: Arch Pathol. 1975 Oct;99(10):513-5
references.pmid: 172051
references.citation: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2011 Mar;41(3):213-29
references.pmid: 21244219
references.citation: Toxicol Lett. 2009 Jun 1;187(2):77-83
references.pmid: 19429248
references.citation: Nanotechnology. 2010 Jul 16;21(28):285103
references.pmid: 20562477