title: The concept of reflection in nursing: qualitative findings on student and teacher perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to increase the understanding of the concept of reflection within nursing. The research focused on the social construction of reflection through a post-registration, palliative care programme in the United Kingdom (UK).
  
  
  METHODS
  An interpretive ethnographic approach was used to study reflection from the perspective of students and teachers, whilst paying attention to local organisational, contextual and cultural issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collection included: observations of teaching and learning interactions, interviews, extracts from programme documentation and student reflective learning contracts (RLCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings identified a learning culture committed to reflection as a valuable way of helping nurses make sense of their practice. Similar to Barnett's (1997) concept of 'critical being', students and teachers described reflection as a way of 'being' rather than simply 'thinking' or 'doing', since reflection intertwined propositional, affective and active elements. This process of reflective 'being' was connected with a humanistic approach to nursing, which emphasises the importance of actively using and expressing oneself in order to care for people.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper contributes empirical knowledge on the meaning of reflection in nursing regarding: teachers' and students' perspectives, reflection as a way to make sense of practice, and reflection as a way of 'being' and its association with humanistic nursing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Marston, Oxford OX3 0FL, United Kingdom. cbulman@brookes.ac.uk
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulman
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lathlean
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gobbi
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D005181:Faculty, Nursing; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009742:Nursing Theory; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D013850:Thinking