title: Sonomyographic responses during voluntary isometric ramp contraction of the human rectus femoris muscle.
abstract: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between torque and muscle morphological change, which is derived from ultrasound image sequence and termed as sonomyography (SMG), during isometric ramp contraction of the rectus femoris (RF) muscle, and to further compare SMG with the electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG), which represent the electrical and mechanical activities of the muscle. Nine subjects performed isometric ramp contraction of knee up to 90% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at speeds of 45, 22.5 and 15% MVC/s, and EMG, MMG and ultrasonography were simultaneously recorded from the RF muscle. Cross-sectional area, which was referred to as SMG, was automatically extracted from continuously captured ultrasound images using a newly developed image tracking algorithm. Polynomial regression analyses were applied to fit the EMG/MMG/SMG-to-torque relationships, and the regression coefficients of EMG, MMG, and SMG were compared. Moreover, the effect of contraction speed on SMG/EMG/MMG-to-torque relationships was tested by pair-wise comparisons of the mean relationship curves at different speeds for EMG, MMG and SMG. The results show that continuous SMG could provide important morphological parameters of continuous muscle contraction. Compared with EMG and MMG, SMG exhibits different changing patterns with the increase of torque during voluntary isometric ramp contraction, and it is less influenced by the contraction speed.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jing-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shing-Chow
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
references.citation: Med Biol Eng Comput. 2010 Nov;48(11):1149-57
references.pmid: 20524072
references.citation: IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2006 Aug;28(8):1303-18
references.pmid: 16886865
references.citation: J Physiol. 1996 Oct 1;496 ( Pt 1):287-97
references.pmid: 8910216
references.citation: Muscle Nerve. 2003 Jun;27(6):682-92
references.pmid: 12766979
references.citation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010 Feb;20(1):89-101
references.pmid: 19027325
references.citation: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2008 Mar;55(3):1191-8
references.pmid: 18334413
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Feb 7;268(1464):229-33
references.pmid: 11217891
references.citation: Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010 Jul;36(7):1076-88
references.pmid: 20620695
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001 Jan-Feb;84(1-2):19-25
references.pmid: 11394249
references.citation: J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Feb;19(1):231-40
references.pmid: 15705040
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Nov;97(5):1954-61
references.pmid: 15247162
references.citation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003 Apr;13(2):139-47
references.pmid: 12586519
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2008 Mar 15;168(2):293-305
references.pmid: 18061275
references.citation: Muscle Nerve. 2010 Oct;42(4):530-8
references.pmid: 20665511
references.citation: Muscle Nerve. 2000 Nov;23(11):1647-66
references.pmid: 11054744
references.citation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003 Apr;13(2):159-67
references.pmid: 12586521
references.citation: J Biomech. 2007;40(14):3114-20
references.pmid: 17544430
references.citation: J Physiol. 2001 Jul 15;534(Pt. 2):613-23
references.pmid: 11454977
references.citation: IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2006 Jan;28(1):150-6
references.pmid: 16402628
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 Jul;92(3):352-9
references.pmid: 15106005
references.citation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010 Aug;20(4):732-41
references.pmid: 20395156
references.citation: Med Eng Phys. 2010 Nov;32(9):1032-42
references.pmid: 20688554
references.citation: Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1993;21(3):201-43
references.pmid: 8243092
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Jul;106(5):665-73
references.pmid: 19404670
references.citation: Biomed Eng Online. 2005 Dec 19;4:67
references.pmid: 16364182
references.citation: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2009 Mar;24(3):225-35
references.pmid: 18849097
references.citation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008 Feb;18(1):54-67
references.pmid: 17070700