title: Generating thermotolerant colonies by pairing Beauveria bassiana isolates.
abstract: Low thermotolerance in entomopathogenic fungi is the main impediment to their industrialization. This research, for the first time, describes the generation of a thermotolerant colony by pairing and subculturing (cycling) two Beauveria bassiana isolates without sexual reproduction. A mixture of B. bassiana ERL1578 and ERL1576 was inoculated on quarter-strength Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract (¼SDAY). The paired culture (ERL1578 + 1576) was cycled three times to increase the frequency of possible hyphal fusion at the first cycle (c. 5/5 × 10(5)  conidia), followed by a heat treatment as a selection pressure. Two non-paired isolates served as controls. Two morphologically different colonies (BbHet1 and BbHet2) were isolated from the pairing. BbHet1 colony had the highest conidial yield. BbHet2 had the most rapid mycelial growth and produced sponge-like mycelial masses (the others were flat), and its conidia were darker than the non-paired colonies under a microscope (400×). BbHet2 conidia had 60.7% germination after exposure to 45 °C for 60 min (the others had < 15%) without significant loss of virulence against Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis; however, there was a slight decrease in conidial yield. The new phenotypes formed suggested that a genetic variation happened as a result of heterokaryosis and/or recombination, more than environmental adaptation, when mixing different conidia. This methodology seems to be very useful for enhancing thermotolerance in fungi.
authors.affiliation: Entomology Research Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405-0105, USA. jae-su.kim@uvm.edu
authors.forename: Jae Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gouli
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D052982:Beauveria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D025301:Hyphae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D061149:Thysanoptera / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence