title: [The relationship between amount of cigarette smoked and insulin resistance in male patients with coronary artery disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between smoking and insulin resistance in non-obese male patients with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  414 consecutive non-obese male patients with angiographically-documented CAD (luminal diameter narrowing > 50%) were recruited, including 113 nonsmokers and 301 smokers. With 99 mild smokers (< 400 packs/year), 95 medium smokers (400 - 799 packs/year) and 107 heavy smokers (≥ 800 packs/year). Insulin resistance index (IRI) was expressed by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) calculated by the formula of [fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) × fasting plasma insulin (mU/L)]/22.5. IRI ≥ 2.69 was defined as insulin resistance, while IRI < 2.69 was insulin sensitive. Fasting glucose, fasting insulin and IRI were recorded and odds ratio for the incidence of insulin resistance was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting glucose was higher in heavy smokers (5.86 mmol/L) than that in nonsmokers (5.51 mmol/L, P = 0.037) and mild smokers (5.33 mmol/L, P = 0.014). Fasting insulin and IRI were also significantly higher in heavy smokers (10.25 mU/L) than those in non-smokers (8.72 mU/L, P = 0.0231, respectively) and mild smokers (8.67 mU/L, P = 0.0231). Compared with nonsmokers, the odds ratio for the incidence of insulin resistance was 1.53 (95%CI 0.55 - 2.94; P = 0.027) in medium smokers and 1.89 (95%CI 0.49 - 3.14; P = 0.018) in heavy smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between smoking and insulin resistance is highly dose dependent in non-obese male patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: An-kang
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Wei-feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiao-ye
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qi-hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rui-yan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin