title: Advanced REACH Tool (ART): overview of version 1.0 and research needs.
abstract: This paper provides an outline of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) version 1.0 and a discussion of how it could be further developed. ART is a higher tier exposure assessment tool that combines mechanistically modelled inhalation exposure predictions with available exposure data using a Bayesian approach. ART assesses exposure for scenarios across different plants and sites. Estimates are provided for different percentiles of the exposure distribution and confidence intervals around the estimate. It also produces exposure estimates in the absence of data, but uncertainty of the estimates will decrease when results of exposure measurements are included. The tool has been calibrated using a broad range of exposure data and provides estimates for exposure to vapours, mists, and dusts. ART has a robust and stable conceptual basis but will be refined in the future and should therefore be considered an evolving system. High-priority areas for future research are identified in this paper and include the integration of partially analogous measurement series, inclusion of company and site-specific assessments, user decision strategies linked to ART predictions, evaluation of validity and reliability of ART, exploring the possibilities for incorporating the dermal route and integration of ART predictions with tools for modelling internal dose. ART is initially developed in the scope of REACH but is equally useful for exposure assessment in other areas.
authors.affiliation: TNO, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands. erik.tielemans@tno.nl
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tielemans
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fransman
authors.forename: Martie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Tongeren
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tischer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schinkel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cherrie
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational