title: Information chaos in primary care: implications for physician performance and patient safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of information chaos as it applies to the issues of patient safety and physician workload in primary care and to propose a research agenda.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use a human factors engineering perspective to discuss the concept of information chaos in primary care and explore implications for its impact on physician performance and patient safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Information chaos is comprised of various combinations of information overload, information underload, information scatter, information conflict, and erroneous information. We provide a framework for understanding information chaos, its impact on physician mental workload and situation awareness, and its consequences, and we discuss possible solutions and suggest a research agenda that may lead to methods to reduce the problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information chaos is experienced routinely by primary care physicians. This is not just inconvenient, annoying, and frustrating; it has implications for physician performance and patient safety. Additional research is needed to define methods to measure and eventually reduce information chaos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.forename: Tosha B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Wetterneck
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Temte
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lapin
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A Joy
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rivera-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Ben-Tzion
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Karsh
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D019451:Information Management; D061214:Patient Safety; D010820:Physicians; D011216:Practice Management, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016526:Workload
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