title: A meta-analysis of lamivudine for interruption of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the therapeutic effect of lamivudine in late pregnancy for the interruption of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified by searching available databases up to January 2011. Inclusive criteria were HBV-carrier mothers who had been involved in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with lamivudine treatment in late pregnancy, and newborns or infants whose serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) or HBV DNA had been documented. The relative risks (RRs) for interruption of MTCT as indicated by HBsAg, HBV DNA or HBeAg of newborns or infants were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the efficacy of lamivudine treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen RCTs including 1693 HBV-carrier mothers were included in this meta-analysis. The overall RR was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25-0.76; 8 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.04) and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.23-0.47; 6 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.93) indicated by newborn HBsAg or HBV DNA. The RR was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.21-0.50; 6 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.46) and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.20-0.50; 4 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.33) indicated by serum HBsAg or HBV DNA of infants 6-12 mo after birth. The RR (lamivudine vs hepatitis B immunoglobulin) was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.16-0.46; 5 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.94) and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.07-0.79; 3 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.60) indicated by newborn HBsAg or HBV DNA, respectively. In the mothers with viral load < 10⁶ copies/mL after lamivudine treatment, the efficacy (RR, 95% CI) was 0.33, 0.21-0.53 (5 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.82) for the interruption of MTCT, however, this value was not significant if maternal viral load was > 10⁶ copies/mL after lamivudine treatment (P = 0.45, 2 RCTs), as indicated by newborn serum HBsAg. The RR (lamivudine initiated from 28 wk of gestation vs control) was 0.34 (95% CI, 0.22-0.52; 7 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.92) and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.22-0.50; 5 RCTs; P(heterogeneity) = 0.86) indicated by newborn HBsAg or HBV DNA. The incidence of adverse effects of lamivudine was not higher in the mothers than in controls (P = 0.97). Only one study reported side effects of lamivudine in newborns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamivudine treatment in HBV carrier-mothers from 28 wk of gestation may interrupt MTCT of HBV efficiently. Lamivudine is safe and more efficient than hepatitis B immunoglobulin in interrupting MTCT. HBV MTCT might be interrupted efficiently if maternal viral load is reduced to < 10⁶ copies/mL by lamivudine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jia-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang-Wen
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine
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