title: Environmental tobacco smoke and Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease is inversely associated with cigarette smoking, but its relation with passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke exposure is rarely examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a case-control study, we assessed the association between Parkinson's disease and living or working with active smokers. Cases were newly diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (n = 154) from western Washington State in 2002-2008. Age- and sex-matched controls (n = 173) were neurologically normal and unrelated to cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with never active or passive tobacco smokers, we observed reduced Parkinson's disease risks for ever passive only smokers (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.73), similar to those for ever active smokers (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17-0.73). Among persons whose only tobacco smoke exposure was passive smoking at home, risk was inversely associated with years exposed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations parallel those well established for active smoking. However, it remains unresolved whether a true protective effect of tobacco smoke, generally detrimental to health, underlies these associations.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington 98195-7234, USA. ssn@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Searles Nielsen
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Jessica I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Longstreth
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith-Weller
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Checkoway
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
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