title: Organizational culture and its relationship with hospital performance in public hospitals in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure perceptions of organizational culture among employees of public hospitals in China and to determine whether perceptions are associated with hospital performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital, employee, and patient surveys from 87 Chinese public hospitals conducted during 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Developed and administered a tool to assess organizational culture in Chinese public hospitals. Used factor analysis to create measures of organizational culture. Analyzed the relationships between employee type and perceptions of culture and between perceptions of culture and hospital performance using multivariate models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Employees perceived the culture of Chinese public hospitals as stronger in internal rules and regulations, and weaker in empowerment. Hospitals in which employees perceived that the culture emphasized cost control were more profitable and had higher rates of outpatient visits and bed days per physician per day but also had lower levels of patient satisfaction. Hospitals with cultures perceived as customer-focused had longer length of stay but lower patient satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Managers in Chinese public hospitals should consider whether the culture of their organization will enable them to respond effectively to their changing environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bundorf
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Chang
authors.forename: Jin Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*
references.citation: Health Serv Res. 2008 Aug;43(4):1263-84
references.pmid: 18355257
references.citation: J Nurs Adm. 2007 Jan;37(1):21-31
references.pmid: 17172969
references.citation: Health Care Manage Rev. 2005 Jul-Sep;30(3):184-93
references.pmid: 16093884
references.citation: Implement Sci. 2007 Apr 25;2:13
references.pmid: 17459167
references.citation: Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar;31(3):956-9
references.pmid: 12627011
references.citation: Psychol Methods. 2007 Dec;12(4):381-398
references.pmid: 18179350
references.citation: Qual Manag Health Care. 2006 Jul-Sep;15(3):200-9
references.pmid: 16849991
references.citation: Health Care Superv. 1999 Jun;17(4):22-7
references.pmid: 10537681
references.citation: Health Serv Res. 2007 Jun;42(3 Pt 1):1150-76
references.pmid: 17489908
references.citation: Med Care. 2009 Jan;47(1):23-31
references.pmid: 19106727
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2003 Apr;88(2):356-62
references.pmid: 12731720
references.citation: J Nurs Adm. 2004 Jan;34(1):33-40
references.pmid: 14737033
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 1999 Jun;29(6):1360-9
references.pmid: 10354230
references.citation: Med Care. 2007 Jan;45(1):46-54
references.pmid: 17279020
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2005 Jul;90(4):616-28
references.pmid: 16060782
references.citation: Health Care Manage Rev. 2007 Jul-Sep;32(3):203-12
references.pmid: 17666991
references.citation: Med Care. 2008 Nov;46(11):1149-56
references.pmid: 18953225
references.citation: J Nurs Adm. 1988 Nov;18(11):16-23
references.pmid: 3183757