title: Relationship between Dietary and Other Lifestyle Habits and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence of men with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) is increasing in Japan. Few studies have comprehensively examined the relation between lifestyles and CMRF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the baseline data from 3,498 male workers ages 19 to 69 years who participated in the high-risk and population strategy for occupational health promotion (HIPOP-OHP) study at 12 large-scale companies throughout Japan. The physical activity of each participant was classified according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Dietary intake was surveyed by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. We defined four CMRF in this study as follows: 1) high blood pressure (BP): systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive drugs; 2) dyslipidemia: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration < 40 mg/dl, or triglycerides concentration ≥ 150 mg/dl, or on medication for dyslipidemia; 3) impaired glucose tolerance: fasting blood sugar concentration ≥110 mg/dl; 4) obese: a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those who had 0 to 4 CMRF accounted for 1,597 (45.7%), 1,032 (29.5%), 587 (16.8%), 236 (6.7%), and 44 (1.3%) participants, respectively, in the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression analysis revealed that independent factors that contributed to the number of CMRF were age (b = 0.020, P < 0.01), IPAQ (b = -0.091, P < 0.01), alcohol intake (ml/day) (b = 0.001, P = 0.03), percentage of protein intake (b = 0.059, P = 0.01), and total energy intake (kcal)(b = 0.0001, P < 0.01). Furthermore, alcohol intake and its frequency had differential effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol intake, percent protein and total energy intake were positively associated, whereas drinking frequency and IPAQ were inversely associated, with the number of CMRF.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan. nakamury@kyoto-wu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katano
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Nagako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Nagako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshita
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
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