title: VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1 in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses of the rat cerebellar cortex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of key SNARE proteins in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses of the adult rat cerebellar cortex using light microscopy immunohistochemical techniques. Analysis was made of co-localizations of vGluT-1 and vGluT-2, vesicular transporters of glutamate and markers of glutamatergic synapses, or GAD, the GABA synthetic enzyme and marker of GABAergic synapses, with VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The examined SNARE proteins were found to be diffusely expressed in glutamatergic synapses, whereas they were rarely observed in GABAergic synapses. However, among glutamatergic synapses, subpopulations which did not contain VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1 were detected. They included virtually all the synapses established by terminals of climbing fibres (immunoreactive for vGluT-2) and some synapses established by terminals of parallel and mossy fibres (immunoreactive for vGluT-1, and for vGluT-1 and 2, respectively). The only GABA synapses expressing the SNARE proteins studied were the synapses established by axon terminals of basket neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study supplies a detailed morphological description of VAMP-2, SNAP-25A/B and syntaxin-1 in the different types of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses of the rat cerebellar cortex. The examined SNARE proteins characterize most of glutamatergic synapses and only one type of GABAergic synapses. In the subpopulations of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses lacking the SNARE protein isoforms examined, alternative mechanisms for regulating trafficking of synaptic vesicles may be hypothesized, possibly mediated by different isoforms or homologous proteins.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Scienze Mediche di Base, Sezione di Anatomia e Istologia, Università Bari, Italy. benagiano@anatomia.uniba.it
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benagiano
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flace
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Girolamo
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzi
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cagiano
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nico
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribatti
authors.forename: Glauco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ambrosi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000502:physiology; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 / Q000502:physiology*; D050827:Syntaxin 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C494210:Snap25 protein, rat; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
references.citation: Neurochem Int. 1997 Dec;31(6):759-61
references.pmid: 9413836
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1986 Dec;19(4):1045-50
references.pmid: 2881226
references.citation: Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1117-22
references.pmid: 11691998
references.citation: Nature. 1983 Feb 10;301(5900):517-20
references.pmid: 6130475
references.citation: Arch Ital Biol. 1990 Jul;128(2-4):111-25
references.pmid: 1702606
references.citation: Brain Struct Funct. 2012 Apr;217(2):165-80
references.pmid: 21814870
references.citation: Cell Struct Funct. 1996 Dec;21(6):525-32
references.pmid: 9078410
references.citation: Eur J Histochem. 2007;51 Suppl 1:59-64
references.pmid: 17703595
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2010 Feb 3;165(3):934-43
references.pmid: 19909789
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Sep 14;407(6801):144-6
references.pmid: 11001039
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):23046-54
references.pmid: 12682051
references.citation: Mol Membr Biol. 2006 Sep-Oct;23(5):377-84
references.pmid: 17060155
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Aug 29;27(35):9380-91
references.pmid: 17728451
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Feb 21;112(4):519-33
references.pmid: 12600315
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 May;55(5):707-34
references.pmid: 10379359
references.citation: Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002 Oct 30;107(1):23-31
references.pmid: 12414120
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2002 Feb 25;444(1):39-62
references.pmid: 11835181
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Jul 26;26(30):7826-38
references.pmid: 16870728
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2003;117(1):1-6
references.pmid: 12605886
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 18;273(51):34171-9
references.pmid: 9852078
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2005;131(4):813-23
references.pmid: 15749336
references.citation: Brain Res. 1999 Jun 12;831(1-2):11-24
references.pmid: 10411979
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1999 Jan;88(2):437-46
references.pmid: 10197765
references.citation: Traffic. 2008 Sep;9(9):1414-24
references.pmid: 18445120
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 10;94(12):6197-201
references.pmid: 9177194
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2007 Jun 8;146(4):1829-40
references.pmid: 17445987
references.citation: Neuropharmacology. 1995 Nov;34(11):1351-60
references.pmid: 8606784
references.citation: Histochem J. 2000 Sep;32(9):557-64
references.pmid: 11127977
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 26;271(30):17961-5
references.pmid: 8663448
references.citation: Brain Struct Funct. 2007 Dec;212(3-4):303-19
references.pmid: 17965879
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Feb 19;41(4):599-610
references.pmid: 14980208
references.citation: Neurochem Int. 1997 Dec;31(6):739-57
references.pmid: 9413835
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1994 Mar 1;4(3):220-33
references.pmid: 7922327
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2009 Dec 15;164(3):1084-96
references.pmid: 19735702
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1995 Aug;67(4):993-1007
references.pmid: 7675219
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12227-9
references.pmid: 10535902
references.citation: Brain Res. 1995 Jan 16;669(2):285-90
references.pmid: 7712184
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2005 Apr;15(4):448-59
references.pmid: 15749988
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 20;98(24):14038-43
references.pmid: 11707603
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2003 Apr 21;459(1):25-43
references.pmid: 12629665
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1995 Apr;129(1):105-20
references.pmid: 7698978
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2001;107(3):363-71
references.pmid: 11718992
references.citation: BMC Neurosci. 2008 Oct 29;9:105
references.pmid: 18959796
references.citation: Anat Embryol (Berl). 2004 Apr;208(1):55-64
references.pmid: 15014985
references.citation: J Neurochem. 1997 Nov;69(5):1781-92
references.pmid: 9349520
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2005;135(3):897-905
references.pmid: 16112480
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1996 Apr 01;367(2):177-93
references.pmid: 8708003
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jun 26;211(3):997-1005
references.pmid: 7598732
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2009 Jan 12;158(1):260-5
references.pmid: 18479831
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Jul 11;114(1):75-86
references.pmid: 12859899
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Oct 14;105(41):15920-5
references.pmid: 18836075
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2009 Jan 12;158(1):223-30
references.pmid: 18514426
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2001 Jun 4;434(3):329-41
references.pmid: 11331532
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:509-47
references.pmid: 15217342
references.citation: Histochem J. 2001 Sep-Oct;33(9-10):537-43
references.pmid: 12005025
references.citation: Brain Res. 1987 Sep 22;421(1-2):343-8
references.pmid: 2891403
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Nov;6(11):1102-8
references.pmid: 15475946
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2008 Jan 20;506(3):373-86
references.pmid: 18041776
references.citation: J Chem Neuroanat. 2005 Dec;30(4):201-11
references.pmid: 16169186
references.citation: Nature. 1993 Mar 25;362(6418):318-24
references.pmid: 8455717
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 23;281(25):17076-17083
references.pmid: 16621800
references.citation: Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):957-60
references.pmid: 10938000
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2001;2(11):REVIEWS3012
references.pmid: 11737951
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 2004 Feb;27(2):98-103
references.pmid: 15102489
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1994 Aug 22;350(2-3):253-7
references.pmid: 8070574
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5247-51
references.pmid: 1711221
references.citation: Brain Res. 1993 Apr 23;609(1-2):9-20
references.pmid: 7685234
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Feb;2(2):98-106
references.pmid: 11252968