title: Mitral regurgitation in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the Edwards Sapien prosthesis: mechanisms and early postprocedural changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative to conventional surgery in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), but data regarding mitral regurgitation (MR) characteristics and changes after TAVI are sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 254 patients with severe AS referred for TAVI were prospectively enrolled. Comprehensive echocardiography was performed at baseline and at 7 days and 1 month in patients who underwent TAVI. MR was semiquantitatively graded from 0 to 4. Overlap of the anterior mitral leaflet and the device was measured using transesophageal echocardiography immediately after TAVI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At screening, MR was absent in 26%, grade 1 in 44%, grade 2 in 25%, and grade ≥3 in 5% and was organic in 68% and functional in 32%. TAVI was finally performed using the Edwards Sapien valve in 119 patients, including four with MR grade ≥ 3. MR grade significantly decreased at 7 days (P = .003) but remained unchanged at 1 month (P = .55), whereas reverse remodeling occurred only at 1 month (improvements in left ventricular [LV] end-systolic diameter and ejection fraction; P < .05 for both). MR changes over time significantly differed according to ejection fraction and LV diameters (all P values for interaction < .005) but not according to aortic mean gradient, MR etiology, or overlap of the anterior mitral leaflet and the device (all P values for interaction > .15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients referred for TAVI, MR is common, mainly organic, and rarely severe. After TAVI, MR improved within 7 days in both organic and functional MR, was not influenced by overlap of the anterior mitral leaflet and the device, but was associated with improvement in LV ejection fraction. Possible MR improvement should be taken into account in patient selection for TAVI especially, in cases of LV dysfunction or enlargement and MR of borderline severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hekimian
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Detaint
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Messika-Zeitoun
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Attias
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iung
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Himbert
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brochet
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vahanian
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography