title: Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) in endodontics: an in vitro microbiological evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was the in vitro evaluation by MTT test of the antimicrobial effect of photoactivated disinfection (PAD) and, comparatively, of a conventional 5.25% NaOCl irrigating solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis strains were selected for the test. Freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated, inoculated with bacterial strains and then divided into different groups, each of them treated with PAD, with PAD plus 0.5% NaOCl solution, with TBO, with PAD for longer time and with 5% NaOCl solution (positive control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were significantly different among the various groups, and for Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. PAD applied for a longer time (in respect to manufacturer's instructions) or PAD associated to 5% NaOCl showed the significantly higher antibacterial effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. c.poggio@unipv.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggio
authors.forename: Carla Renata
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Arciola
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagna
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Florindi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saino
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imbriani
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Visai
mesh_terms: D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004708:Endodontics / Q000379:methods*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014070:Tooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite