title: Characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan 2006-2008.
abstract: Nine avian influenza viruses (AIV), H5N1 subtype, were isolated from dead poultry in the Karachi region of Pakistan from 2006 to 2008. The intravenous pathogenicity indices and HA protein cleavage sites of all nine viruses were consistent with highly pathogenic AIV. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes, these isolates belong to clade 2.2 and both the HA and NA are closely related to each other (nucleotide identities above 99.0%) and to other Middle Eastern H5N1 AIV isolates (nucleotide identities above 98.0%). The phylogenetic data suggest that the virus in both epornitics of H5N1 HPAIV in commercial poultry in the Karachi region of Pakistan between 2006 and 2008 were from a very closely related source, however, there is inadequate epidemiological data to determine what the reservoir was for the virus between the 2006 and 2007 outbreaks other than that there was a single introduction into the region.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wasilenko
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pantin-Jackwood
authors.forename: Taseer Ahmed
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Ayaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Shafqat F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Rehmani
authors.forename: Nazir Ahmed
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lone
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Swayne
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spackman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010154:Pakistan; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D012367:RNA, Viral
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