title: Helicobacter pylori genotyping from American indigenous groups shows novel Amerindian vacA and cagA alleles and Asian, African and European admixture.
abstract: It is valuable to extend genotyping studies of Helicobacter pylori to strains from indigenous communities across the world to better define adaption, evolution, and associated diseases. We aimed to genetically characterize both human individuals and their infecting H. pylori from indigenous communities of Mexico, and to compare them with those from other human groups. We studied individuals from three indigenous groups, Tarahumaras from the North, Huichols from the West and Nahuas from the center of Mexico. Volunteers were sampled at their community site, DNA was isolated from white blood cells and mtDNA, Y-chromosome, and STR alleles were studied. H. pylori was cultured from gastric juice, and DNA extracted for genotyping of virulence and housekeeping genes. We found Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), Y-chromosome DYS19T, and Amerindian STRs alleles frequent in the three groups, confirming Amerindian ancestry in these Mexican groups. Concerning H.pylori cagA phylogenetic analyses, although most isolates were of the Western type, a new Amerindian cluster neither Western nor Asian, was formed by some indigenous Mexican, Colombian, Peruvian and Venezuelan isolates. Similarly, vacA phylogenetic analyses showed the existence of a novel Amerindian type in isolates from Alaska, Mexico and Colombia. With hspA strains from Mexico and other American groups clustered within the three major groups, Asian, African or European. Genotyping of housekeeping genes confirmed that Mexican strains formed a novel Asian-related Amerindian group together with strains from remote Amazon Aborigines. This study shows that Mexican indigenous people with Amerindian markers are colonized with H. pylori showing admixture of Asian, European and African strains in genes known to interact with the gastric mucosa. We present evidence of novel Amerindian cagA and vacA alleles in indigenous groups of North and South America.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camorlinga-Ponce
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perez-Perez
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Valencia
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Rosenda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peñaloza-Espinosa
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Dangeruta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kersulyte
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyes-Leon
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romo
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori
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