title: Dimensional psychopathology in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the dimensional psychopathology in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BP) with offspring of community control parents as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Offspring of parents with BP, who were healthy or had non-BP disorders (any psychiatric disorder other than BP; n = 319) or who had bipolar spectrum disorders (n = 35), and offspring of community controls (n = 235) ages 6-18 years were compared using the CBCL, the CBCL-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP), and a sum of the CBCL items associated with mood lability. The results were adjusted for multiple comparisons and for any significant between-group demographic and clinical differences in both biological parents and offspring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With few exceptions, several CBCL (e.g., Total, Internalizing, and Aggression Problems), CBCL-DP, and mood lability scores in non-BP offspring of parents with BP were significantly higher than in offspring of control parents. In addition, both groups of offspring showed significantly lower scores in most scales when compared with offspring of parents with BP who had already developed BP. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the rates of subjects with CBCL T-scores that were two standard deviations or higher above the mean.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even before developing BP, offspring of parents with BP had more severe and higher rates of dimensional psychopathology than offspring of control parents. Prospective follow-up studies in non-BP offspring of parents with BP are warranted to evaluate whether these dimensional profiles are prodromal manifestations of mood or other disorders, and can predict those who are at higher risk to develop BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dilerrs@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Rasim Somer
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Diler
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birmaher
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Axelson
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obreja
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Dara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakolsky
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brent
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kupfer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011599:Psychopathology; D012111:Residence Characteristics
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