title: The control of HIV transcription: keeping RNA polymerase II on track.
abstract: Thirteen years ago, human cyclin T1 was identified as part of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and the long-sought host cofactor for the HIV-1 transactivator Tat. Recent years have brought new insights into the intricate regulation of P-TEFb function and its relationship with Tat, revealing novel mechanisms for controlling HIV transcription and fueling new efforts to overcome the barrier of transcriptional latency in eradicating HIV. Moreover, the improved understanding of HIV and Tat forms a basis for studying transcription elongation control in general. Here, we review advances in HIV transcription research with a focus on the growing family of cellular P-TEFb complexes, structural insights into the interactions between Tat, P-TEFb, and TAR RNA, and the multifaceted regulation of these interactions by posttranscriptional modifications of Tat.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94158, USA. mott@gladstone.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D042925:Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B; D012319:RNA Polymerase II
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