title: Influence of population selection on the 99th percentile reference value for cardiac troponin assays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the effect of patient selection on the 99th reference percentile of 2 sensitive and 1 high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin assays in a well-defined reference population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals>45 years old were randomly selected from 7 representative local community practices. Detailed information regarding the participants was collected via questionnaires. The healthy reference population was defined as individuals who had no history of vascular disease, hypertension, or heavy alcohol intake; were not receiving cardiac medication; and had blood pressure<140/90 mmHg, fasting blood glucose<110 mg/dL (approximately 6 mmol/L), estimated creatinine clearance>60 mL·min(-1)·(1.73 m2)(-1), and normal cardiac function according to results of echocardiography. Samples were stored at -70 °C until analysis for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of progressively more stringent population selection strategies to the initial baseline population of 545 participants until the only individuals who remained were completely healthy according to the study criteria reduced the number of outliers seen and led to a progressive decrease in the 99th-percentile value obtained for the Roche hs-cTnT assay and the sensitive Beckman cTnI assay but not for the sensitive Siemens Ultra cTnI assay. Furthermore, a sex difference found in the baseline population for the hs-cTnT (P=0.0018) and Beckman cTnI assays (P<0.0001) progressively decreased with more stringent population selection criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reference population selection strategy significantly influenced the 99th percentile reference values determined for troponin assays and the observed sex differences in troponin concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St George's Hospital, London, UK. paul.collinson@stgeorges.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Paul O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Collinson
authors.forename: Yen Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Heung
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaze
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boa
authors.forename: Roxy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Christenson
authors.forename: Fred S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Apple
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012016:Reference Values; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T