title: Challenges and opportunities for promoting booster seat use: progressive dissemination of a high-threat message.
abstract: Motivating parents to take certain safety precautions when traveling with their children remains challenging for advocates. Caregivers of booster-aged children are particularly difficult to reach because they do not consider their children to be of "safety-seat" age and have inherently low perceptions of vulnerability to crash injury. Unfortunately, most booster seat programs fail to adequately motivate their intended population because they are primarily informational in nature and rely on caregivers to seek out and attend to the information. In this article, interventions using threat appeal tactics and progressive dissemination methods are recommended to effectively target participation and perceptions of vulnerability among this population. Recent research on risk communication indicates that threat appeals are supported when they contain high threat and high efficacy components. Threat appeal tactics are particularly desirable when perception of vulnerability is low, as is the case with parents of booster-aged children. In addition to theoretical arguments for more aggressive intervention approaches, a case example is presented wherein such techniques were used to promote booster seat use. The intervention resulted in significant increases in knowledge, risk-reduction attitudes, sense of efficacy, and observed booster seat use. Through use of progressive dissemination methods, the intervention has reached an audience of 431,600 people and counting.
authors.affiliation: Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23510-1001, USA. willke@evms.edu
authors.forename: Kelli England
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Krystall E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Dunaway
authors.forename: Diane A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kokorelis
authors.forename: Cynthia Shier
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lorek
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D057207:Child Restraint Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety / Q000592:standards*; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult