title: Denbinobin, a phenanthrene from dendrobium nobile, inhibits invasion             and induces apoptosis in SNU-484 human gastric cancer cells.
abstract: Dendrobium nobile is widely used as an analgesic, an antipyretic, and a             tonic to nourish the stomach in traditional medicine. Mounting evidence suggests             an antitumor activity of denbinobin, a major phenanthrene isolated from stems             of Dendrobium nobile. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect             of denbinobin on the invasive ability of human cancer cells. The cytotoxicity             of denbonobin was examined in several human cancer cell lines including SK-Hep-1             hepato-carcinoma cells, SNU-484 gastric cancer cells, and HeLa cervix cancer cells.             Because SNU-484 cells showed the lowest IC50 value, we examined the effect of             denbinobin on the invasive ability of SNU-484 cells. The present study revealed,             for the first time, that denbinobin inhibits the invasive phenotype of SNU-484             human gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase             (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased by denbinobin, suggesting that             MMP-2/-9 may be responsible for the anti-invasive activity of denbinobin. We also             provide evidence that denbinobin induces apoptosis through down-regulation of             Bcl-2 and an up-regulation of Bax. Taken together, this study demonstrates that             denbinobin inhibits invasion and induces apoptosis in highly invasive SNU-484             human gastric cancer cells. Given that gastric cancer has been estimated to be             one of the most common causes of cancer-related death among Asians and the major             cause of death from gastric cancer is the metastatic spread of the disease, our             findings may provide useful information regarding the application of denbinobin             as a chemopreventive agent that could prevent or alleviate metastatic gastric             cancer.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, 419 Ssangmun-Dong,                     Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yu Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hae-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Young Choong
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Aree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D040501:Calgranulin A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018890:Chemoprevention / Q000379:methods; D031667:Dendrobium / Q000737:chemistry; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010641:Phenotype; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D040501:Calgranulin A; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D028321:Plant Preparations; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C436544:denbinobin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9