title: Outcomes for depression and anxiety in primary care and details of treatment: a naturalistic longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little evidence as to whether or not guideline concordant care in general practice results in better clinical outcomes for people with anxiety and depression. This study aims to determine possible associations between guideline concordant care and clinical outcomes in general practice patients with depression and anxiety, and identify patient and treatment characteristics associated with clinical improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study forms part of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA).Adult patients, recruited in general practice (67 GPs), were interviewed to assess DSM-IV diagnoses during baseline assessment of NESDA, and also completed questionnaires measuring symptom severity, received care, socio-demographic variables and social support both at baseline and 12 months later. The definition of guideline adherence was based on an algorithm on care received. Information on guideline adherence was obtained from GP medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  721 patients with a current (6-month recency) anxiety or depressive disorder participated. While patients who received guideline concordant care (N=281) suffered from more severe symptoms than patients who received non-guideline concordant care (N=440), both groups showed equal improvement in their depressive or anxiety symptoms after 12 months. Patients who (still) had moderate or severe symptoms at follow-up, were more often unemployed, had smaller personal networks and more severe depressive symptoms at baseline than patients with mild symptoms at follow-up. The particular type of treatment followed made no difference to clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The added value of guideline concordant care could not be demonstrated in this study. Symptom severity, employment status, social support and comorbidity of anxiety and depression all play a role in poor clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, (Postbus 1568), Utrecht, (3500 BN), the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Peter F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Verhaak
authors.forename: Mirrian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hilbink-Smolders
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spreeuwenberg
authors.forename: Miranda G H
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Laurant
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: Harm W J
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: van Marwijk
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
authors.forename: Jozien M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bensing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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