title: Physical activity, fitness, and serum leptin concentrations in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of physical activity and fitness with leptin concentrations in European adolescents, after taking into account several potential confounders including total body fat (TBF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in a school setting for the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study. This study included 902 (509 girls) adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years. Weight, height, and TBF (sum of 6 skinfold thickness) were measured, and fat free mass and body mass index were calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Physical fitness was assessed by the handgrip, standing long jump, 4 × 10-m shuttle run, and 20-m shuttle run tests. Serum fasting leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured, and homeostasis model assessment was computed. Multiple linear regression models were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vigorous physical activity and fitness tests (all P < .05) were negatively associated with leptin, independently of several confounders including TBF and homeostasis model assessment. These associations remained significant after further controlling for each other (physical activity and fitness).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that vigorous physical activity and fitness moderate the levels of leptin concentrations, regardless of relevant confounders including TBF. Intervention programs addressed to increase high intensity physical activity and fitness as well as to assess its impact on leptin concentration are required.
authors.affiliation: GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, E.U. Ciencias de la Salud, University of Zaragoza, Spain. davidj@unizar.es
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Pavón
authors.forename: Francisco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Enrique G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Artero
authors.forename: Idoia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labayen
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huybrechts
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Béghin
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polito
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Henauw
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöström
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Gross
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin