title: Life cycle assessment of the production and use of polypropylene tree shelters.
abstract: A detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been conducted for the manufacture, use and disposal of polypropylene tree shelters, which are used to protect young seedlings in the first few years of growth. The LCA was conducted using Simapro software, the Ecoinvent database and ReCiPe assessment methodology. Detailed information on materials, manufacturing, packaging and distribution of shelters was obtained from Tubex Ltd. in South Wales, UK. Various scenarios based on different forest establishment methods, with or without tree shelters were derived and analysed using data from published literature and independent sources. The scenarios included commercial forestry in northern temperate conditions, amenity forest establishment in temperate conditions, and forest establishment in semi-arid conditions. For commercial forestry, a reduction in required seedling production and planting as well as additional time-averaged wood production led to significant benefits with tree shelters, both compared to unprotected and fenced cases. For the amenity forest scenarios, tree shelter use had a net environmental impact, while for semi-arid forestry, the benefits of reduction in water use outweighed shelter production impacts. The current practice of in-situ degradation was compared to collection and disposal and it was found that in-situ degradation was slightly preferable in terms of overall environmental impact. Use of biopolymer-based shelters would improve the environmental performance slightly.
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. j.c.arnold@swansea.ac.uk
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alston
mesh_terms: D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004777:Environment; D016468:Forestry; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D018505:Waste Management; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D011126:Polypropylenes; D014867:Water