title: Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning induced brain ischemic tolerance by up-regulating glial glutamate transporter-1 in rats.
abstract: Several studies showed that the up-regulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) participates in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning or ceftriaxone pretreatment in rats. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance induced by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) preconditioning (mimicking 5,000 m high-altitude, 6 h per day, once daily for 28 days), immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to observe the changes in the expression of GLT-1 protein in hippocampal CA1 subfield during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance by IH preconditioning, and the effect of dihydrokainate (DHK), an inhibitor of GLT-1, on the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance in rats. The basal expression of GLT-1 protein in hippocampal CA1 subfield was significantly up-regulated by IH preconditioning, and at the same time astrocytes were activated by IH preconditioning, which appeared normal soma and aplenty slender processes. The GLT-1 expression was decreased at 7 days after 8-min global brain ischemia. When the rats were pretreated with the IH preconditioning before the global brain ischemia, the down-regulation of GLT-1 protein was prevented clearly. Neuropathological evaluation by thionin staining showed that 200 nmol DHK blocked the protective role of IH preconditioning against delayed neuronal death induced normally by 8-min global brain ischemia. Taken together, the up-regulation of GLT-1 protein participates in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance induced by IH preconditioning in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shu-Juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ling-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Xue
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ya-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jian-Mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiao-Cai
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; C493395:Slc1a2 protein, rat
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