title: Occupational exposure influences on gender differences in respiratory health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the respiratory health of workers exposed to organic and inorganic dusts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis techniques incorporating logistic regression were applied to a combined file of 12 occupational health studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meta-analysis of data on 1,367 women and 4,240 men showed that women had higher odds of shortness of breath whether exposed to inorganic dust or having no occupational exposure, with an overall odds ratio (OR) of 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57-2.73) adjusted for smoking status, age, body mass index (BMI), ethnic status, atopy, and job duration. Inorganic dust exposure was associated with the highest odds of asthma (adjusted OR = 8.38, 95% CI = 1.72-40.89) for women compared to men, but no differences were found for unexposed workers. With organic dust exposure, men had elevated odds for occasional wheeze and worse lung function compared to women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this analysis, gender differences in respiratory health, as suggested by population-based studies, were confirmed in our analysis of occupational health studies, with the general type of exposure, organic or inorganic, generally determining the extent of differences. The higher risks for women compared to men for shortness of breath were robust regardless of work exposure category, with the highest odds ratios found for asthma.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Helen.Ward@vch.ca
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dimich-Ward
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beking
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DyBuncio
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chan-Yeung
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karlen
authors.forename: Pat G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D060389:Construction Industry; D004391:Dust; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D019649:Food Industry; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D019981:Health Care Sector; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D014186:Transportation; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D004391:Dust
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