title: Artificial cervical disc arthroplasty: a systematic review.
abstract: METHODS
  Systematic Review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To qualitatively analyze the literature on the efficacy and effectiveness of artificial cervical disc arthroplasty (ACDA). (2) To highlight methodological and reporting issues of randomized controlled trials (RCT) reports on effectiveness of ACDA compared to cervical fusion.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACDA is an alternate surgical procedure that may replace cervical fusion in selected patients suffering from cervical degenerative disc disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched seven electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, unpublished sources, and reference lists for studies on the efficacy and effectiveness of ACDA compared to cervical fusion--the surgical standard of care for patients with cervical degenerative disc disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 622 studies were retrieved, of which 18 (13 case series, four RCT reports, one nonrandomized comparative study) met the inclusion criteria for this review. The four RCTs and the nonrandomized comparative study concluded that the effectiveness of ACDA is not inferior to that of cervical fusion in the short term (up to 2-yr follow-up). The safety profile of both procedures appears similar. The case series reviewed noted improved clinical outcomes at 1 or 2 years after one or multiple-level ACDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACDA is a surgical procedure that may replace cervical fusion in selected patients suffering from cervical degenerative disc disease. Within 2 years of follow-up, the effectiveness of ACDA appears similar to that of cervical fusion. Weak evidence exists that ACDA may be superior to fusion for treating neck and arm pain. Future studies should report change scores and change score variance in accordance with RCT guidelines, in order to strengthen credibility of conclusions and to facilitate meta-analyses of studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Monica.cepoiu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cepoiu-Martin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorenzetti
authors.forename: Eliza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prefontaine
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sutherland
mesh_terms: D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery*; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000601:surgery*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome