title: Pinellia ternata agglutinin expression in chloroplasts confers broad spectrum resistance against aphid, whitefly, Lepidopteran insects, bacterial and viral pathogens.
abstract: Broad spectrum protection against different insects and pathogens requires multigene engineering. However, such broad spectrum protection against biotic stress is provided by a single protein in some medicinal plants. Therefore, tobacco chloroplasts were transformed with the agglutinin gene from Pinellia ternata (pta), a widely cultivated Chinese medicinal herb. Pinellia ternata agglutinin (PTA) was expressed up to 9.2% of total soluble protein in mature leaves. Purified PTA showed similar hemagglutination activity as snowdrop lectin. Artificial diet with purified PTA from transplastomic plants showed marked and broad insecticidal activity. In planta bioassays conducted with T0 or T1 generation PTA lines showed that the growth of aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was reduced by 89%-92% when compared with untransformed (UT) plants. Similarly, the larval survival and total population of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on transplastomic lines were reduced by 91%-93% when compared with UT plants. This is indeed the first report of lectin controlling whitefly infestation. When transplastomic PTA leaves were fed to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) or the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua), 100% mortality was observed against all these three insects. In planta bioassays revealed Erwinia population to be 10,000-fold higher in control than in PTA lines. Similar results were observed with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) challenge. Therefore, broad spectrum resistance to homopteran (sap-sucking), Lepidopteran insects as well as anti-bacterial or anti-viral activity observed in PTA lines provides a new option to engineer protection against biotic stress by hyper-expression of an unique protein that is naturally present in a medicinal plant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Shuangxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xianlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniell
mesh_terms: D000373:Agglutinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001042:Aphids / Q000187:drug effects*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D004885:Erwinia / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005298:Fertility; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054628:Genome, Chloroplast; D006384:Hemagglutination; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000187:drug effects; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D030021:Pinellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D000373:Agglutinins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007306:Insecticides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2007 Dec;145(4):1129-43
references.pmid: 18056863
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Oct;48(10):3858-70
references.pmid: 15388446
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 1998 Feb 15;252(1):59-65
references.pmid: 9523712
references.citation: Antiviral Res. 2007 Sep;75(3):179-87
references.pmid: 17428553
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2010 Apr;8(3):332-50
references.pmid: 20070870
references.citation: BMC Evol Biol. 2010 Mar 18;10:79
references.pmid: 20236552
references.citation: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2004 Apr;15(2):155-61
references.pmid: 15081055
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2008 Jan;20(1):8-10
references.pmid: 18223035
references.citation: Transgenic Res. 2008 Feb;17(1):9-18
references.pmid: 17265166
references.citation: J Protein Chem. 2001 Jul;20(5):367-75
references.pmid: 11732688
references.citation: J Insect Physiol. 1997 Aug;43(8):727-739
references.pmid: 12770451
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2005 Nov;3(6):601-11
references.pmid: 17147631
references.citation: J Invertebr Pathol. 2008 May;98(1):40-5
references.pmid: 18158158
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2008 Oct 14;8:102
references.pmid: 18854007
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2009 Aug;7(6):527-36
references.pmid: 19500296
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2010 Apr;152(4):2088-104
references.pmid: 20130101
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2004 Sep;56(2):203-16
references.pmid: 15604738
references.citation: AIDS. 1989 Oct;3(10):635-41
references.pmid: 2574581
references.citation: Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 Apr;13(4):362-5
references.pmid: 9634777
references.citation: Planta. 2006 May;223(6):1329-43
references.pmid: 16404581
references.citation: Biotechnology (N Y). 1990 Oct;8(10):939-43
references.pmid: 1366777
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 15;88(8):3324-8
references.pmid: 2014252
references.citation: Cell Res. 2003 Aug;13(4):301-8
references.pmid: 12974620
references.citation: Antiviral Res. 1992 Jun;18(2):191-207
references.pmid: 1329650
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 3;93(18):9975-9
references.pmid: 8790442
references.citation: J Insect Physiol. 2000 Apr;46(4):573-583
references.pmid: 12770221
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2010 Feb;8(2):223-42
references.pmid: 20051036
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2011 Jul;76(3-5):211-20
references.pmid: 21437683
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2005 Jul;138(3):1746-62
references.pmid: 15980187
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2011 Jan;155(1):222-35
references.pmid: 21068365
references.citation: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Apr;30(4):297-305
references.pmid: 10727896
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1988;1(5):453-8
references.pmid: 2906092
references.citation: Biochimie. 2010 Feb;92(2):187-93
references.pmid: 19958808
references.citation: Plant J. 1998 Aug;15(4):469-77
references.pmid: 9753773
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2011 Jan;9(1):100-15
references.pmid: 20553419
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1908-13
references.pmid: 10660679
references.citation: Plant Cell Rep. 2010 Mar;29(3):261-71
references.pmid: 20094886
references.citation: J Biosci. 2005 Dec;30(5):627-38
references.pmid: 16388137
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Mar;35(3):410-6
references.pmid: 1645507
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2008;3(4):739-58
references.pmid: 18388956
references.citation: Transgenic Res. 2009 Apr;18(2):249-59
references.pmid: 18720022
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1999 Jan 22;285(3):1157-68
references.pmid: 9887270
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):1840-5
references.pmid: 10051556
references.citation: Glycoconj J. 2010 Apr;27(3):309-20
references.pmid: 20213246
references.citation: Med Microbiol Immunol. 1990;179(5):225-35
references.pmid: 2082156
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2009 Dec;14(12):669-79
references.pmid: 19836291
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2001 Jan;19(1):71-4
references.pmid: 11135556
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2010 Oct;162(3):912-25
references.pmid: 19838861
references.citation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2009 Sep;158(3):615-30
references.pmid: 19067248
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jul;37(Web Server issue):W452-8
references.pmid: 19474338
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1995 Oct;109(2):347-52
references.pmid: 7480335
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1995 Apr;107(4):1147-58
references.pmid: 7770523
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2011 Jun;9(5):585-98
references.pmid: 21143365
references.citation: Plant Biotechnol J. 2009 Aug;7(6):577-91
references.pmid: 19508274
references.citation: Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 Nov;26(11):828-32
references.pmid: 14989066
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2004 Nov;109(7):1399-405
references.pmid: 15252708
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2005;286:111-38
references.pmid: 15310917
references.citation: Transgenic Res. 2003 Dec;12(6):715-22
references.pmid: 14713200