title: Blood pressure responses and metabolic effects of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiazides and β-blockers cause adverse metabolic effects (AMEs), but whether these effects share predictors with blood pressure (BP) response is unknown. We aimed to determine whether AMEs are correlated with BP response in uncomplicated hypertensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group trial, we enrolled 569 persons, aged 17-65, with random assignment to 9 weeks of daily hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) or atenolol monotherapy, followed by 9 weeks of add-on therapy with the alternate agent. Measurements included home BP, averaged over 1 week, weight and fasting levels of serum glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and uric acid (UA) before and after monotherapy and after add-on therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases in UA correlated with reductions in systolic BP (SBP) (r = -0.18; P = 0.003) and diastolic BP (DBP) (r = -0.20; P = 0.001) following HCTZ monotherapy and add-on therapy (r = -0.27 and r = -0.21, respectively; both P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, race, gender, and baseline body mass index (BMI), only the correlation between UA and DBP response became nonsignificant. Reductions in HDL correlated with systolic response following atenolol monotherapy (r = 0.18; P = 0.002) and with systolic and diastolic response following add-on therapy (r = 0.30 and r = 0.24, respectively; both P < 0.0001). These correlations remained significant after covariate adjustment. BP responses were not correlated with changes in glucose, LDL, triglycerides, or weight following either therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BP response correlated with changes in UA following HCTZ therapy and HDL following atenolol therapy. No other significant correlations were observed between BP response and AMEs, suggesting that these effects generally do not share predictors. Patients should be monitored for AMEs, regardless of BP response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, Colorado, USA. steven.smith@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Rhonda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooper-DeHoff
authors.forename: Amber L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beitelshees
authors.forename: Arlene B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gums
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001262:Atenolol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D014527:Uric Acid; D001262:Atenolol
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