title: Nutrition risk factors among home delivered and congregate meal participants: need for enhancement of nutrition education and counseling among home delivered meal participants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The short-term impact of nutrition education and counseling intervention on nutrition risk factors among home delivered (HDM) and congregate (CGM) meal participants using Nutrition Survey Risk Screening was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-year intervention was conducted with 355 participants (n=259 CGM, n=96 HDM). Various nutrition behaviors that affect the nutrition risk score were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Congregate and home delivered meal locations in a northern county of New Jersey.
  
  
  METHODS
  CGM and HDM participants in a northern county of New Jersey age 60 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  CGM participants received regular topical nutrition education and counseling in a classroom format with cooking demo, discussion, and handouts. The HDM participants only received the printed material (same handouts) and counseling by telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, medical condition, risk factors data were collected. All participants completed the 12 items checklist Nutrition Survey Risk Screening. Nutritional behaviors assessed include number of meals eaten per day, servings of fruits and vegetables and nutrition risk score. A score of 6 or more points was defined as persons at high risk nutritionally. The impact of the intervention was evaluated using ANOVA/chi-square on Nutrition Survey Risk Screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nutrition education and counseling intervention improved nutrition risk scores; 5.76 to 5.32 (p=0.14) in CGM, 8.1 to 6.1 (p<0.01) in HDM. A slight improvement in nutrition behaviors was noted: eating ≥ 2 meals in HDM (76 to 81.6 %, p= .310), eating ≥ 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in CGM (38 to 41.4 %, p=. 398).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriate nutrition intervention for both HDM and CGM participants can improve health condition and delay chronic diseases. HDM participants need to be a primary focus for more effective nutrition education and counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043-1624, USA. wunderlichs@montclair.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piemonte
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D005638:Fruit; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009515:New Jersey; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
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