title: Hdac-mediated control of endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
abstract: Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) remove acetyl groups (CH3CO-) from ε-amino groups in lysine residues within histones and other proteins. This posttranslational (de) modification alters protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and chromatin structure. Hdac activity plays important roles in the development of all organs and tissues, including the mineralized skeleton. Bone is a dynamic tissue that forms and regenerates by two processes: endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrices of skeletal tissues. Several Hdacs contribute to the molecular pathways and chromatin changes that regulate tissue-specific gene expression during chondrocyte and osteoblast specification, maturation, and terminal differentiation. In this review, we summarize the roles of class I and class II Hdacs in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The effects of small molecule Hdac inhibitors on the skeleton are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Meghan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McGee-Lawrence
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Westendorf
mesh_terms: D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008239:Lysine
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