title: Ultrasound-guided upper extremity blocks - tips and tricks to improve the clinical practice.
abstract: Brachial plexus blockade in children can be used for a broad spectrum of clinical indications. Nevertheless, these regional anesthetic techniques are still underused in pediatric anesthesia that is mainly because of insufficient descriptions of the particular techniques. Ultrasound guidance enables direct visualization of neuronal and adjacent anatomical structures, the cannula, and the spread of local anesthetic. The most important issue in this context is theoretical background knowledge and intensive training of hand skills. The following review article discusses all relevant aspects of ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blockade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. peter.marhofer@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marhofer
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willschke
authors.forename: Stephan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kettner
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging