title: Gender-specific clinicopathological features and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
abstract: There has been some controversy about the gender differences in survival in patients with RCC. Korean women with RCC had a lower proportion of clear cell histology and a higher proportion of chromophobe histology. This histological difference might have driven the better survival rates in Korean women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether there are gender-specific differences in the clinicopathological features and prognosis in a large cohort of Korean patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with Western patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 1616 patients clinically diagnosed with RCC who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy were analysed between January 1988 and July 2009. In all, 1508 patients diagnosed with RCC based on pathology reports were included for evaluation. The mean follow-up period was 73.1 months. The gender-specific differences in the clinicopathological features and survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1508 patients, 439 (29.1%) were women. Korean men had a higher proportion of clear cell histology (84.3% vs 72.0%, P < 0.001) and a lower percentage of chromophobe histology (5.2% vs 12.5%, P < 0.001) than Korean women. There were no gender-specific differences in pathological T stage, positive lymph nodes or distant metastases, or Fuhrman's nuclear grade (P > 0.05). For both cancer-specific and overall survival, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that women had a better survival rate than men (P = 0.039 and P = 0.015, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Korean women with RCC had significantly better survival rates than Korean men. Additionally, Korean women with RCC had a lower proportion of clear cell histology and a higher proportion of chromophobe histology. This histological difference might have driven the better survival rates in Korean women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sangchul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hwang Gyun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Hyeon Hoe
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eunsik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000401:mortality; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors