title: Transient diplopia with ipsilateral abducent nerve palsy and ptosis following a maxillary local anesthetic injection: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve block is commonly used in dentistry for treatment of the maxillary molars. Although this procedure is associated with many complications, ocular complications have been rarely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report details an iatrogenic paresis of the abducent nerve and partial palsy of the oculomotor nerve leading to diplopia, strabismus and ptosis following a PSA nerve block and extraction of maxillary right second molar. The patient was treated symptomatically, and the recovery was uneventful. Relevant anatomical pathways with review of literature are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rare, the dentist should be aware of these complications to avoid being perplexed by this unexpected circumstance, thus adversely affecting the doctor-patient trust.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rural Dental College, Loni (BK), Taluk Rahata, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413736, India. kini77@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yogesh K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kini
authors.forename: Viraj R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Kharkar
authors.forename: Ashwini Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Kini
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008442:Maxillary Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015840:Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D010243:Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000139:chemically induced; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine
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