title: Neuronostatin induces hyperalgesia in formalin test in mice.
abstract: Neuronostatin, a newly identified peptide encoded by the somatostatin (SST) gene, was proved to produce significant antinociceptive effect in mouse tail immersion test. However, the effect of neuronostatin on tonic pain was still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neuronostatin in the formalin test and its possible mechanism. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of neuronostatin (1, 3, 6, 12nmol/mouse) increased licking in a dose-related manner during the late phase, but did not affect the early phase of formalin test in mice. In addition, the hyperalgesic effect during the late phase was completely reversed by melanocortin 3/4 receptor antagonist SHU9119 (50pmol/mouse) or opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (5nmol/mouse), but not GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (1086pmol/mouse). These data suggested that the hyperalgesic response induced by neuronostatin was dependent upon the central melanocortin system and endogenous opioid system. In conclusion, these results indicated that neuronostatin may be a new neuropeptide with important role in the modulation of acute and tonic pain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
authors.forename: Shao-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ai-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Hui-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ning-Bo
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D058787:GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C554543:neuronostatin protein, rat; C103272:SHU 9119; D013004:Somatostatin; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; D001640:Bicuculline