title: Malignant catarrhal fever: understanding molecular diagnostics in context of epidemiology.
abstract: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a frequently fatal disease, primarily of ruminants, caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses. Due to complexities of pathogenesis and epidemiology in various species, which are either clinically-susceptible or reservoir hosts, veterinary clinicians face significant challenges in laboratory diagnostics. The recent development of specific assays for viral DNA and antibodies has expanded and improved the inventory of laboratory tests and opened new opportunities for use of MCF diagnostics. Issues related to understanding and implementing appropriate assays for specific diagnostic needs must be addressed in order to take advantage of molecular diagnostics in the laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; E-Mails:  cwcunha@vetmed.wsu.edu  (C.W.C.);  tausns@vetmed.wsu.edu  (N.S.T.).
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Naomi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Taus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018142:Gammaherpesvirinae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008304:Malignant Catarrh / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004279:DNA, Viral
references.citation: Vet Pathol. 1980 Jan;17(1):73-83
references.pmid: 7352365
references.citation: J Comp Pathol. 1981 Jan;91(1):63-8
references.pmid: 7343576
references.citation: Arch Virol. 1990;114(3-4):259-63
references.pmid: 2241575
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 1991 Aug 15;28(3):269-78
references.pmid: 1897131
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1995 Jan;76 ( Pt 1):123-9
references.pmid: 7844521
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2005 Nov;86(Pt 11):3021-3026
references.pmid: 16227223
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2003 Aug;84(Pt 8):2009-2013
references.pmid: 12867630
references.citation: J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2008 Sep;79(3):136-41
references.pmid: 19244822
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 1965 Jan;6:69-83
references.pmid: 14281669
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 1975 May;18(3):269-73
references.pmid: 1144919
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jul;34(7):1666-71
references.pmid: 8784566
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Sep;40(9):3381-90
references.pmid: 12202582
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Apr;38(4):1313-8
references.pmid: 10747100
references.citation: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001 Jan;8(1):123-8
references.pmid: 11139205
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2003 Jan;15(1):46-9
references.pmid: 12580295
references.citation: Trop Anim Health Prod. 1981 Nov;13(4):189-92
references.pmid: 7046177
references.citation: Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2005 Dec;72(4):285-91
references.pmid: 16562731
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jul 14;143(2-4):389-93
references.pmid: 20018461
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Jul;32(7):1674-9
references.pmid: 7523438
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009 Mar;21(2):257-61
references.pmid: 19286510
references.citation: Am J Vet Res. 2002 May;63(5):631-3
references.pmid: 12013459
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2009 Jun 12;137(3-4):235-42
references.pmid: 19249164
references.citation: J Zoo Wildl Med. 2007 Sep;38(3):460-4
references.pmid: 17939356
references.citation: Am J Vet Res. 1988 Feb;49(2):164-8
references.pmid: 3348526
references.citation: J Wildl Dis. 2003 Oct;39(4):875-80
references.pmid: 14733283
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 1979 Sep;27(2):230-2
references.pmid: 523811
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2005 Mar;86(Pt 3):575-579
references.pmid: 15722516
references.citation: Vet Pathol. 1980 Jan;17(1):58-72
references.pmid: 7352364
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Oct;36(10):2970-2
references.pmid: 9738052
references.citation: J Zoo Wildl Med. 1999 Sep;30(3):408-12
references.pmid: 10572865
references.citation: Arch Virol. 1994;135(3-4):355-64
references.pmid: 7979973
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Aug;47(8):2586-9
references.pmid: 19494077
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2001 Jul;13(4):361-4
references.pmid: 11478614
references.citation: Aust Vet J. 1997 Jul;75(7):520-1
references.pmid: 9258428
references.citation: J Vet Med Sci. 1996 Jan;58(1):1-5
references.pmid: 8645750
references.citation: Vet Pathol. 2007 Sep;44(5):655-62
references.pmid: 17846237
references.citation: Vet J. 2009 Mar;179(3):324-35
references.pmid: 18760944
references.citation: Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1989 Jun;56(2):131-4
references.pmid: 2748133
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Dec;42(12):5558-64
references.pmid: 15583281
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2007 Oct 6;124(3-4):353-7
references.pmid: 17543478
references.citation: Arch Virol. 1997;142(4):823-31
references.pmid: 9170507
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2006 Aug 25;116(1-3):21-8
references.pmid: 16621342
references.citation: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 Sep 15;221(6):843-7, 801
references.pmid: 12322924
references.citation: J Wildl Dis. 1996 Jul;32(3):437-43
references.pmid: 8827669
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2003 Mar;15(2):179-83
references.pmid: 12661731
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006 Jan;18(1):119-23
references.pmid: 16566270
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2001 Jan;82(Pt 1):227-232
references.pmid: 11125175
references.citation: J Zoo Wildl Med. 2008 Sep;39(3):380-5
references.pmid: 18817000
references.citation: Can Vet J. 2008 Feb;49(2):183-5
references.pmid: 18309750
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 1999 Mar 1;65(2):167-72
references.pmid: 10078600
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 1998 Jul;10(3):255-62
references.pmid: 9683074
references.citation: Virus Res. 2001 May;75(1):87-94
references.pmid: 11311431
references.citation: Vet Rec. 1974 May 25;94(21):483-90
references.pmid: 4850167
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2012 Oct 12;159(3-4):307-19
references.pmid: 22592216
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 1994 Oct;6(4):403-9
references.pmid: 7858018
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2005 Mar;17(2):171-5
references.pmid: 15825499
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2006 Aug 25;116(1-3):29-36
references.pmid: 16621344
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2005 Jan;17(1):55-8
references.pmid: 15690951
references.citation: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005 Aug 15;227(4):606-11
references.pmid: 16117071
references.citation: Nature. 1960 Dec 31;188:1167-9
references.pmid: 13736396
references.citation: Rev Sci Tech. 1986 Dec;5(4):897-958
references.pmid: 32731655
references.citation: New Microbiol. 2003 Oct;26(4):339-44
references.pmid: 14596344
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2005 Apr 25;107(1-2):23-9
references.pmid: 15795075
references.citation: Arch Virol. 1993;132(1-2):145-59
references.pmid: 8352654
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Sep 28;145(1-2):47-53
references.pmid: 20381274
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 1991 Jul;3(3):193-8
references.pmid: 1911989
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007 Jul;19(4):405-8
references.pmid: 17609352
references.citation: Virus Res. 2008 Mar;132(1-2):69-75
references.pmid: 18054405
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Apr;40(4):1311-8
references.pmid: 11923350
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jan;36(1):223-6
references.pmid: 9431952
references.citation: J Virol Methods. 2005 Nov;129(2):186-90
references.pmid: 15998545
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 1989 Mar;19(3):205-15
references.pmid: 2718352
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2002 May;14(3):183-93
references.pmid: 12033673
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2000 Jan;71(1-2):27-35
references.pmid: 10665531
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 1989 Apr;19(4):305-15
references.pmid: 2546320
references.citation: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010 Jul 01;237(1):87-92
references.pmid: 20590500