title: Fractionation of stigmasterol derivative and study of the effects of Celsia coromandelina aerial parts petroleum ether extract on appearance of puberty and ovarian steroidogenesis in immature mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Celsia coromandelina Vahl (Scrophulariaceae) is a shrub found throughout Bangladesh and India, and it is distributed widely in the plains of West Bengal. It is used by the tribal people to treat diarrhea, dysentery, insomnia, skin eruption, fever, syphilis, helminthes infection, and to control fertility.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to fractionate stigmasterol derivative and to investigate the effects of petroleum ether extract of C. coromandelina (PECC) aerial parts on the onset of reproductive maturity and the ovarian steroidogenesis in immature female mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  PECC was prepared by hot extraction process and one compound was isolated by preparative TLC from it. PECC was completely freed from solvent and administered in immature female mice intraperitoneally once on every alternate day for nine doses. The sexual maturity was observed by means of vaginal opening, first estrus (days), rate of body growth, changes in weight of ovary, uterus and pituitary. The content of ascorbic acid, cholesterol, Δ⁵-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (Δ⁵-3β-HSD) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G 6-PDH) activities in ovaries and carbonic anhydrase activity in uterus were measured by means of biochemical technique in control and treated mice. The activity of PECC was compared with standard marker compound ethinyl estradiol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The isolated compound was characterized as stigmasterol derivative. PECC treatment caused a remarkable delay (30.27 and 18.56%, respectively, by low dose) in sexual maturity compared to vehicle control as evidenced by the age of vaginal opening and appearance of first estrus (cornified smear). PECC treatment also caused a significant fall (58.6 and 50.0%, respectively, by low dose) in Δ⁵-3β-HSD and G 6-PDH activities involved in ovarian steroidogenesis compared to vehicle control. Total cholesterol and ascorbic acid content in ovaries and carbonic anhydrase activity in uterus were increased significantly (low dose by 49.3, 424.6 and 82.4%, respectively) along with a reduction in the weight of ovary, uterus and pituitary in comparison to that of control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these results demonstrate that PECC has a good antifertility effect and is responsible for the delayed development of sexual maturity, suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis and elevation of carbonic anhydrase activity in uterus of immature mice. This supports the claim by tribal people as a potential remedy for birth control.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. drdilip71@gmail.com
authors.forename: Dilipkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Upal Kanti
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Mazumder
authors.forename: Malaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D000473:Alkanes / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005260:Female; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007194:India; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D028083:Scrophulariaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013265:Stigmasterol; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C031954:delta(5)-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; C004544:naphtha