title: Effect of 10% papain gel on enamel deproteinization before bonding procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the null hypothesis that enamel deproteinization with 10% papain gel does not increase the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty bovine incisors were used and divided into eight groups: 1) Transbond XT according to the manufacturer's recommendations, 2) Transbond XT deproteinized with 10% papain gel, 3) RMGIC without enamel deproteinization and without etching, 4) RMGIC without enamel etching and with deproteinization with 10% papain gel, 5) RMGIC deproteinized with 10% papain gel and etched with polyacrylic acid, 6) RMGIC deproteinized with 10% papain gel and etched with phosphoric acid, 7) RMGIC deproteinized with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 8) RMGIC etched with polyacrylic acid. After bonding, the mechanical tests were performed in a Universal mechanical test machine. The values obtained were submitted to an analysis of variance and afterward to the Tukey test (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was demonstrated that group 2 presented the highest shear bond strength value, and this differed statistically from the others; group 3 presented the lowest value and showed no differences from groups 4, 5, 7, and 8. Regarding the Adhesive Remnant Index, groups 2 and 6 presented the best results and groups 3 and 8 the worst. It could be concluded that enamel deproteinization with 10% papain gel increases the shear bond strength, irrespective of the etching agent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. Papain gel was shown to be a new ally in the orthodontic clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Southwest Bahia University UESB, Bahia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus Melo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pithon
authors.forename: Caio de Souza
authors.initials: Cde S
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Gabriel do Couto
authors.initials: Gdo C
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Tatiana Bahia Junqueira
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Dauro Douglas
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Ricardo Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Lívia Maria Andrade
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Rogério Lacerda
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010206:Papain / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059748:Proteolysis; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010206:Papain
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