title: Combination of solid-phase extraction-hollow fiber for ultra-preconcentration of some triazole pesticides followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.
abstract: In this study, an extraction and preconcentration technique using solid-phase extraction (SPE) along with hollow fiber (HF) has been developed as an ultra-preconcentration technique for some triazole pesticides in aqueous samples. Triazole pesticides were employed as model compounds to assess the method and were monitored by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Initially, an aqueous solution of target analytes was passed through an RP-8 SPE cartridge and then the adsorbed analytes were eluted with μL amounts of toluene. The collected elute was slowly introduced into an HF that had one end blocked. This allowed precipitation inside the lumen and pores of the HF. Finally, the obtained HF was mounted on a home-made solid-phase microextraction syringe and entered into the GC injection port for thermal desorption-GC analysis. The effect of various experimental parameters including injection port temperature, desorption time, state of HF, washing solvent, elution solvent and its volume, sample volume, etc. were investigated for finding the optimum conditions. The calibration graphs were linear in the ranges of 2-1000 ng/mL (penconazole and hexaconazole), 5-1000 ng/mL (tebuconazole), 15-1000 ng/mL (triticonazole) and the detection limits (LODs) ranged from 0.6 to 4.5 ng/mL. The enhancement factors were in the range of 870-950. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for five repeated experiments (C=250 ng/mL of each pesticide) varied from 4.5 to 8.7%. The relative recoveries obtained for analytes in grape juice samples, spiked with different levels of each pesticide, were in the range of 87-119%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. mafarajzadeh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mir Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Farajzadeh
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khoshmaram
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza Afshar
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mogaddam
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014230:Triazoles