title: Estimation of the risk of conversion of mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer type to Alzheimer's disease in a south Brazilian population-based elderly cohort: the PALA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prognostic variability has been related to sample characteristics (community-based or specialized clinic) and to diverse operationalization criteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the trajectory of MCI of Alzheimer type in a population-based elderly cohort in Southern Brazil. We also estimated the risk for the development of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison with healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from a population-based cohort (the PALA study). MCI outcomes were sub-classified into three categories: conversion, stabilization, and reconversion. The risk of progression to dementia was compared between MCI and normal participants. The analysis was based on 21 MCI subjects and 220 cognitively intact participants (N = 241).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 21 MCI subjects, 38% developed dementia, 24% remained stable and 38% improved. The MCI annual conversion rate to AD was 8.5%. MCI was associated with significantly higher risk of conversion to AD (HR = 49.83, p = 0.004), after adjustment for age, education, sex and Mini-Mental State Examination score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independent of the heterogeneity of the outcomes, MCI of the Alzheimer type participants showed significantly higher risk of developing probable AD, demonstrating the impact of the use of these MCI criteria that emphasize long-term episodic memory impairment.
authors.affiliation: Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godinho
authors.forename: Ana Luiza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Camozzato
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Onyszko
authors.forename: Márcia Lorena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors