title: Minimal residual disease and circulating tumor cells in breast cancer.
abstract: Tumor cell dissemination in bone marrow or other organs is thought to represent an important step in the metastatic process. The detection of bone marrow disseminated tumor cells is associated with worse outcome in early breast cancer. Moreover, the detection of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells is an adverse prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer, and emerging data suggest that this is also true for early disease. Beyond enumeration, the characterization of these cells has the potential to improve risk assessment, treatment selection and monitoring, and the development of novel therapeutic agents, and to advance our understanding of the biology of metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department and Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. Michail.Ignatiadis@bordet.be
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ignatiadis
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinholz
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D015195:Drug Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 1;27(13):2177-84
references.pmid: 19332733
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Sep 1;85(17):1419-24
references.pmid: 7688814
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2010 Sep;56(9):1492-5
references.pmid: 20581083
references.citation: Electrophoresis. 2009 Apr;30(8):1388-98
references.pmid: 19306266
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Jan 10;6(1):e15624
references.pmid: 21264346
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 May 15;11(10):3722-32
references.pmid: 15897569
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2004 Aug 19;351(8):781-91
references.pmid: 15317891
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 1;14(19):6302-9
references.pmid: 18829513
references.citation: Cytometry A. 2007 Mar;71(3):154-62
references.pmid: 17200956
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Jun;115(3):581-90
references.pmid: 18679793
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Nov;7(11):834-46
references.pmid: 17957189
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2011 May 1;17(9):2967-76
references.pmid: 21415211
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2006 Apr 15;118(8):2013-9
references.pmid: 16287086
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 10;106(10):3970-5
references.pmid: 19234122
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 2;99(5):789-95
references.pmid: 18682708
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 1;12(21):6403-9
references.pmid: 17085652
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2010 Mar;46(4):765-81
references.pmid: 20116997
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):1890-5
references.pmid: 11280743
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 May 1;16(9):2634-45
references.pmid: 20406831
references.citation: Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2011 Mar;80(2):112-8
references.pmid: 21337491
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Jun;11(6):426-37
references.pmid: 21562580
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Nov 20;25(33):5287-312
references.pmid: 17954709
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(5):R71
references.pmid: 19772563
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 15;10(20):6897-904
references.pmid: 15501967
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2005 Jun 15;65(12):4993-7
references.pmid: 15958538
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Apr;120(2):461-7
references.pmid: 20107891
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Apr;9(4):302-12
references.pmid: 19308069
references.citation: Nature. 2007 Dec 20;450(7173):1235-9
references.pmid: 18097410
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 1;13(3):920-8
references.pmid: 17289886
references.citation: Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2010 Nov;49(11):1062-9
references.pmid: 20725990
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2011 Nov;57(11):1478-84
references.pmid: 21586640
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2006 Aug;5(16):1779-87
references.pmid: 16931911
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):3983-8
references.pmid: 12629218
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2010 Feb 1;126(3):669-83
references.pmid: 19662651
references.citation: Cytotherapy. 1999;1(5):377-88
references.pmid: 20426539
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;10(24):8152-62
references.pmid: 15623589
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2010 Apr;21(4):729-733
references.pmid: 19850639
references.citation: Nat Med. 1995 Oct;1(10):1035-9
references.pmid: 7489359
references.citation: Biomed Microdevices. 2011 Feb;13(1):203-13
references.pmid: 20978853
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2009 Oct;29(10):4019-24
references.pmid: 19846945
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 1;27(31):5153-9
references.pmid: 19752342
references.citation: Cancer. 2006 Sep 1;107(5):885-92
references.pmid: 16874814
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Aug 31;360(9334):683-9
references.pmid: 12241875
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2010 May 11;102(10):1495-502
references.pmid: 20461092
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 25;353(8):793-802
references.pmid: 16120859
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2005 Sep;8(3):227-39
references.pmid: 16169467
references.citation: Mol Diagn Ther. 2006;10(1):41-7
references.pmid: 16646576
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2011 Jun 14;13(3):R61
references.pmid: 21672237
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2008 Jan;13(1):58-68
references.pmid: 18167340
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;10(24):8185-94
references.pmid: 15623593
references.citation: J Immunol. 1999 Mar 1;162(5):2842-9
references.pmid: 10072532
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2007 Mar;53(3):537-9
references.pmid: 17327507
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Feb;6(2):141-6
references.pmid: 16491073
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 15;12(6):1715-20
references.pmid: 16551854
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2009 Dec;4(12):855-60
references.pmid: 19915570
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(4):R59
references.pmid: 19664291
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(5):R556-70
references.pmid: 15318937
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(4):R69
references.pmid: 18687126
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101(25):9393-8
references.pmid: 15194824
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Jun;17(6):1539-45
references.pmid: 20135356
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Dec 15;26(4):1701-5
references.pmid: 20719496
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Oct;1210:66-77
references.pmid: 20973800
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Nov 20;25(33):5194-202
references.pmid: 17954712
references.citation: Cytometry. 2001 Aug 15;46(4):215-21
references.pmid: 11514954
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2012 Mar;23(3):618-624
references.pmid: 21642515
references.citation: Cancer. 2010 Jul 15;116(14):3330-7
references.pmid: 20564098
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2010 Jan 19;102(2):276-84
references.pmid: 19953098
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 10;26(8):1208-15
references.pmid: 18323545
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Jan 7;101(1):61-6
references.pmid: 19116383
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24;100(13):7737-42
references.pmid: 12808139
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 1;12(19):5615-21
references.pmid: 17020963
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(4):R46
references.pmid: 19589136
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 1;26(19):3213-21
references.pmid: 18591556
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 1;14(21):7004-10
references.pmid: 18980996
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 May;127(1):33-41
references.pmid: 20379845
references.citation: Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2005;42(2):155-96
references.pmid: 15941083
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2005 Sep;5(9):744-9
references.pmid: 16148886
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2010 May;46(7):1181-8
references.pmid: 20304630
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 1997 Jul;15(7):2701-8
references.pmid: 9215843
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jan 1;25(1):118-45
references.pmid: 17159189
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(2):403-12
references.pmid: 20859679
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 1999 Mar;17(3):870-9
references.pmid: 10071278
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 20;101(29):10501-4
references.pmid: 15249663
references.citation: Sci Transl Med. 2010 Mar 31;2(25):25ra23
references.pmid: 20424012
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Aug;6(8):3117-22
references.pmid: 10955792
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Jun 1;17(11):3600-18
references.pmid: 21505063
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2010 May;11(5):421-8
references.pmid: 20362507
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Sep 08;5(9):e12517
references.pmid: 20838621
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 24;359(4):366-77
references.pmid: 18596266
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(6):R84
references.pmid: 19919679
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2011 Mar;57(3):421-30
references.pmid: 21245367
references.citation: Clin Breast Cancer. 2010 Oct 1;10(5):392-7
references.pmid: 20920984
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009 Dec;118(3):523-30
references.pmid: 19597704
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2007 Feb 26;96(4):654-9
references.pmid: 17262082
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jul 10;27(20):3303-11
references.pmid: 19451443
references.citation: Cytometry A. 2010 Mar;77(3):213-9
references.pmid: 20169594