title: Manufacturing of biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds based on polycaprolactone using a phase separation method: physical properties and in vitro assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biodegradable polyurethanes have found widespread use in soft tissue engineering due to their suitable mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, polyurethane samples were synthesized from polycaprolactone, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol as a chain extender. Polyurethane scaffolds were fabricated by a combination of liquid-liquid phase separation and salt leaching techniques. The effect of the NCO:OH ratio on porosity content and pore morphology was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated that the scaffolds had a regular distribution of interconnected pores, with pore diameters of 50-300 μm, and porosities of 64%-83%. It was observed that, by increasing the NCO:OH ratio, the average pore size, compressive strength, and compressive modulus increased. L929 fibroblast and chondrocytes were cultured on the scaffolds, and all samples exhibited suitable cell attachment and growth, with a high level of biocompatibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds demonstrate potential for soft tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. asefnejad_azadeh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asefnejad
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.forename: Aliasghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behnamghader
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farsadzadeh
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonakdar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003485:Cyanates / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016062:Porosity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002072:Butylene Glycols; D003485:Cyanates; D017953:Isocyanates; D011091:Polyesters; D011140:Polyurethanes; C015262:1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; C016240:polycaprolactone; C039681:1,4-butanediol
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