title: [Neurological adverse events under anti-TNF alpha therapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-TNF alpha treatments are increasingly prescribed in various rheumatological or gastroenterological inflammatory diseases. Several adverse events, including neurological episodes have been reported in the literature. Relation to treatment is a major concern and guidelines for management of those patients are not available. The aim of our study is to collect and analyze neurological adverse events occurring during anti-TNF alpha therapy, and to propose guidelines for diagnosis of demyelinating-induced diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients treated with anti-TNF alpha drug, who were addressed in our department following a neurological event, were collected. We gathered clinical data including previous neurological history and immunosuppressive treatments. Paraclinical data included brain and spinal MRI, CSF study and outcome after anti-TNF therapy was collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were included in this study. Sex ratio was eight and mean age was 49±9 years. One patient had previous history of subarachnoïdian hemorrage. All the patients previously received immunosuppressive drugs, including methotrexate (nine) and leflunomide (four). Three patients had a brain MRI before initiation of anti-TNF treatment, which was normal. Clinical episode was stroke-like in three cases, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) in five cases, and peripheral neuropathy in one case. MRI showed lesions suggestive of demyelinating T2 hyperintensities in four cases, vascular infarcts in two cases, and non-specific T2 hyperintensities in three cases. Barkhof and Tintore criteria were fulfilled in one of the four CIS cases. CSF study was available for six patients. It was normal (four cases), showed oligoclonal bands (one case) and lymphocytic meningitis (one case). Anti-TNF alpha discontinuation was decided in five cases. Outcome was favorable for eight patients. One patient, whom MRI fulfilled Barkhof and Tintore criteria, and CSF showed oligoclonal bands, further developed relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is compatible with data found in the literature. Barkhof and Tintore criteria and CSF study are useful in clinical practice to diagnose a first demyelinating event. Standardized paraclinical neurological explorations should be proposed to physicians who are in charge of anti-TNF treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Service de neurologie, hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, 30 voie Romaine, BP 69, Nice cedex, France. cohen.m@chu-nice.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baldin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebrun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000473:pathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha