title: Combination therapy for renal cell cancer: what are possible options?
abstract: Antiangiogenic therapy has shown promise in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two classes of antiangiogenic drugs, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib and pazopanib, have shown efficacy in patients with RCC and are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of this cancer. In practice, the clinical benefit of antiangiogenic drugs in RCC has been heterogeneous, and in patients who do respond, benefits are modest and/or short-lived. To improve efficacy, combination targeted therapy has been attempted, but with either very limited additional efficacy or nontolerable toxicities. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of tumor angiogenesis and mechanism of resistance, along with the rapid development of targeted drug discovery, have made it possible to further explore novel combination therapy for RCC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Napoleon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Justin B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Havre
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Roi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagan
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imanirad
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ivey
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zlotecki
authors.forename: Chester B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Algood
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Carmen J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okunieff
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vieweg
authors.forename: Nam H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luesch
authors.forename: Long H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Dang
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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