title: A combined chitosan/nano-size hydroxyapatite system for the controlled release of icariin.
abstract: Icariin, a plant-derived flavonol glycoside, has been proved as an osteoinductive agent for bone regeneration. For this reason, we developed an icariin-loaded chitosan/nano-sized hydroxyapatite (IC-CS/HA) system which controls the release kinetics of icariin to enhance bone repairing. First, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we found that icariin was stable in the system developed without undergoing any chemical changes. On the other hand, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical test revealed that the introduction of icariin did not remarkably change the phase, morphology, porosity and mechanical strength of the CS/HA composite. Then the hydrolytic degradation and drug release kinetics in vitro were investigated by incubation in phosphate buffered saline solution. The results indicated that the icariin was released in a temporally controlled manner and the release kinetics could be governed by degradation of both chitosan and hydroxyapatite matrix. Finally the in vitro bioactivity assay revealed that the loaded icariin was biologically active as evidenced by stimulation of bone marrow derived stroma cell alkaline phosphatase activity and formation of mineralized nodules. This successful IC-CS/HA system offers a new delivery method of osteoinductive agents and a useful scaffold design for bone regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Liangguo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Dexin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kaihui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Jingdi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Guoxian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pei
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D016062:Porosity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005419:Flavonoids; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C022616:thiazolyl blue; C056599:icariin
references.citation: J Control Release. 2009 Mar 4;134(2):111-7
references.pmid: 19100794
references.citation: J Control Release. 2010 Apr 2;143(1):45-52
references.pmid: 19963026
references.citation: Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2008 Jun;7(3):264-70
references.pmid: 18522880
references.citation: Cell Biochem Funct. 2009 Dec;27(8):526-34
references.pmid: 19862690
references.citation: Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Jan;16(1):233-43
references.pmid: 19698057
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2007 May;13(5):927-38
references.pmid: 17430090
references.citation: J Biomed Sci. 2009 Jul 14;16:65
references.pmid: 19594953
references.citation: J Control Release. 2010 Jun 1;144(2):190-5
references.pmid: 20184932
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Apr;55(1):20-7
references.pmid: 11426393
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2004 Feb;25(5):779-85
references.pmid: 14609666
references.citation: Acta Biomater. 2007 Jul;3(4):531-40
references.pmid: 17350355
references.citation: J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010 Feb;21(2):615-26
references.pmid: 19771493
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2008 Nov;29(32):4314-22
references.pmid: 18715637
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005 Nov 1;75(2):275-82
references.pmid: 16044404
references.citation: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2010 Apr 28;368(1917):2065-81
references.pmid: 20308115
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2010 Mar 1;46(2):199-205
references.pmid: 19941890
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2006 Dec;27(36):6123-37
references.pmid: 16945410
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2004 Aug;25(18):4163-73
references.pmid: 15046906
references.citation: Phytomedicine. 2009 Apr;16(4):320-6
references.pmid: 19269147
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res. 1999 Mar 15;44(4):446-55
references.pmid: 10397949
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2007 Sep;8(9):2706-11
references.pmid: 17655355
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2007 Apr;28(12):2087-96
references.pmid: 17239946
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jul 23;118(2):271-9
references.pmid: 18501540
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 May 2;369(2):444-8
references.pmid: 18295595
references.citation: Pharm Res. 2004 Oct;21(10):1790-6
references.pmid: 15553224
references.citation: J Control Release. 2003 Sep 4;91(3):365-74
references.pmid: 12932714
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2010 Apr;31(12):3201-11
references.pmid: 20116844
references.citation: J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1166-70
references.pmid: 16614399