title: A 2D MEMS mirror with sidewall electrodes applied for confocal MACROscope imaging.
abstract: This paper presents microelectromechanical system micromirrors with sidewall electrodes applied for use as a Confocal MACROscope for biomedical imaging. The MACROscope is a fluorescence and brightfield confocal laser scanning microscope with a very large field of view. In this paper, a microelectromechanical system mirror with sidewall electrodes replaces the galvo-scanner and XYZ-stage to improve the confocal MACROscope design and obtain an image. Two micromirror-based optical configurations are developed and tested to optimize the optical design through scanning angle, field of view and numerical aperture improvement. Meanwhile, the scanning frequency and control waveform of the micromirror are tested. Analysing the scan frequency and waveform becomes a key factor to optimize the micromirror-based confocal MACROscope. When the micromirror is integrated into the MACROscope and works at 40 Hz, the micromirror with open-loop control possesses good repeatability, so that the synchronization among the scanner, XYZ-stage and image acquisition can be realized. A laser scanning microscope system based on the micromirror with 2 μm width torsion bars was built and a 2D image was obtained as well. This work forms the experimental basis for building a practical confocal MACROscope.
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pallapa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Constantinou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Damaskinos
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: J T W
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yeow