title: Intraoral myofascial therapy for chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies investigating the efficacy of intraoral myofascial therapies (IMTs) for chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) are rare. The present study was an expansion of a previously published pilot study that investigated whether chiropractic IMT and the addition of education and self-care were superior to no-treatment or IMT alone for 5 outcome measures-interincisal opening range, jaw pain at rest, jaw pain upon opening, jaw pain upon clenching, and global reporting of change-over the course of 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three participants with myogenous TMD between the ages of 18 and 50 years experiencing chronic jaw pain of longer than 3 months in duration were recruited for the study. Successful applicants were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) IMT consisting of 2 treatment interventions per week for 5 weeks, (2) IMT plus education and "self-care" exercises (IMTESC), and (3) wait-list control. The main outcome measures were used. Range of motion findings were measured by vernier callipers in millimeters, and pain scores were quantified using an 11-point self-reported graded chronic pain scale. Global reporting of change was a 7-point self-reported scale, balanced positively and negatively around a zero midpoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences in resting, opening and clenching pain, opening scores, and global reporting of change (P < .05) in both treatment groups compared with the controls at 6 months and 1 year. There were also significant differences between the 2 treatment groups at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests that both chiropractic IMT and IMTESC were superior to no-treatment of chronic myogenous TMD over the course of 1 year, with IMTESC also being superior to IMT at 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. thechiro@tpg.com.au
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalamir
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonello
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pollard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059350:Chronic Pain; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026882:Manipulation, Chiropractic / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult