title: Skeletal muscle metastases: a three-part study of a not-so-rare entity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our purposes were to explore the epidemiology of metastases to skeletal muscle and their detection on fused positron emission tomography and computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the epidemiology of skeletal muscle metastases in the literature and among cases from our hospital and studied the prevalence and appearance of skeletal muscle metastases among 433 patients undergoing fused positron emission tomography and computed tomography for non-small-cell lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 264 cases of skeletal muscle metastases in 151 articles. Mean age was 57.8 years with 67% men. At our hospital we studied 70 cases. Mean patient age was 55.7 years with 63% men. The most common source was lung cancer, and the most common site of involvement was the muscles of the trunk. Among our lung cancer patients undergoing fused positron emission tomography and computed tomography, we found 7 (1.6%) with skeletal muscle metastases. In only one of these seven patients was the metastasis first discovered by another imaging modality. In one patient discovery of the metastasis at fused positron emission tomography and computed tomography changed management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skeletal muscle metastases are not rare. They may be more apparent at fused positron emission tomography and computed tomography than at other staging examinations, particularly contrast-enhanced CT scanning. Radiologists need to be alert to their presence when interpreting staging examinations in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. Tamara.Haygood@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Tamara Miner
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Haygood
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jennifer Cha
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matamoros
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Costelloe
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Rodolfo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Madewell
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000556:secondary*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000556:secondary*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015995:Prevalence; D035583:Rare Diseases; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
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