title: Use of a common laboratory glassware detergent improves recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis from lettuce, herbs and raspberries.
abstract: The success of any protocol designed to detect parasitic protozoa on produce must begin with an efficient initial wash step. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts were seeded onto herbs, lettuces and raspberries, eluted with one of four wash solutions and the recovered number of oocysts determined via fluorescent microscopy. Recovery rates for fluorescein thiosemicarbazide labeled C. parvum oocysts seeded onto spinach and raspberries and washed with de-ionized water were 38.4 ± 10.1% and 34.9 ± 6.2%, respectively. Two alternative wash solutions viz. 1M glycine, pH 5.5 and a detachment solution were tested also using labeled C. parvum seeded spinach and raspberries. No statistically significant difference was noted in the recovery rates. However, a wash solution containing 0.1% Alconox, a laboratory glassware detergent, resulted in a significant improvement in oocyst recovery. 72.6 ± 6.6% C. parvum oocysts were recovered from basil when washed with 0.1% Alconox compared to 47.9 ± 5.8% using detachment solution. Also, C. cayetanensis oocysts were seeded onto lettuces, herbs and raspberries and the recovery using de-ionized water were compared to 0.1% Alconox wash: basil 17.5 ± 5.0% to 76.1 ± 14.0%, lollo rosso lettuce 38.3 ± 5.5% to 72.5 ± 8.1%, Tango leaf lettuce 45.9 ± 5.4% to 71.1 ± 7.8% and spring mix (mesclun) 39.8 ± 0.7% to 80.2 ± 11.3%, respectively. These results suggest that the use of Alconox in a wash solution significantly improves recovery resulting in the detection of these parasitic protozoa on high risk foods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virulence Assessment, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food & Drug Administration, United States. Joan.Shields@hhs.fda.gov
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Michelle Minjung
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Helen R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D021744:Cyclospora / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003902:Detergents; D016266:Food Parasitology; D005638:Fruit / Q000469:parasitology*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000469:parasitology; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000469:parasitology; D033661:Oocysts; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000469:parasitology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents