title: Deformity of talus and calcaneous in congenital clubfoot:  an anatomical study.
abstract: Clubfoot is a complex congenital deformity. Midtarsal joint is a key point to understand the deformity in clubfoot as a consequence of the malalignment of the osseous columns. Talar and calcaneal deformities affecting the normal alignment of the medial and lateral osseous columns in the foot can be the factors that determine the difficulty in the management of clubfoot. We report observations of two clubfeet of one stillborn. Our observations in the head of the talus report two different articular areas: the histological section of medial area facing the navicular shows active articular cartilage and the lateral area shows an atrophic articular cartilage suggesting a difference between the anatomical declination angles of the talus from a functional declination angle. Observing the calcaneous, we report a twisting rotational deformity along the longitudinal axis of the calcaneous. These observations may contribute to a better understanding of the clubfoot relapse, and also the treatment of complicated cases of clubfeet.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital Niño Jesus, Madrid, Spain. epeldegui@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Epeldegui
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D050497:Stillbirth; D013628:Talus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed