title: Oxaloacetate: a novel neuroprotective for acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: It is well established that glutamate acts as an important mediator of neuronal degeneration during cerebral ischemia. Different kind of glutamate antagonists have been used to reduce the deleterious effects of glutamate. However, their preclinical success failed to translate into practical treatments. Far from the classical use of glutamate antagonists employed so far, the systemic administration of oxaloacetate represents a novel neuroprotective strategy to minimize the deleterious effect of glutamate in the brain tissue after ischemic stroke. The neuroprotective effect of oxaloacetate is based on the capacity of this molecule to reduce the brain and blood glutamate levels as a result of the activation of the blood-resident enzyme glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. Here we review the recent experimental and clinical results where it is demonstrated the potential applicability of oxaloacetate as a novel and powerful neuroprotective treatment against ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. francampos@linc-stg.eu
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobrino
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramos-Cabrer
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D062907:Oxaloacetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D062907:Oxaloacetic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid