title: Artificial neural network modeling of biomarkers to infer characteristics of contaminant exposure in Clarias gariepinus.
abstract: This study examined the potential of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to infer timing, route and dose of contaminant exposure from biomarkers in a freshwater fish. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and biliary concentrations of BaP, 1-OH BaP, 3-OH BaP and 7,8D BaP were quantified in juvenile Clarias gariepinus injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally with 10-50 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) 1-3 d earlier. A feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN resulted in more accurate prediction of timing, route and exposure dose than a linear neural network or a radial basis function (RBF) ANN. MLP sensitivity analyses revealed contribution of all five biomarkers to predicting route of exposure but no contribution of hepatic GST activity or one of the two hydroxylated BaP metabolites to predicting time of exposure and dose of exposure. We conclude that information content of biomarkers collected from fish can be extended by judicious use of ANNs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. alikaramiv@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karami
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christianus
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bahraminejad
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gagné
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Courtenay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D005982:Glutathione Transferase