title: Use of antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antibiotic prophylaxis has been found to have multiple benefits in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy at high risk for infection. Interest continues in identifying what additional groups of high-risk patients might potentially benefit from its use. However, concerns about the potential emergence of antibiotic resistance have led to multiple recent studies exploring this issue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant populations has been evaluated in recent studies. Several centers have noted increased rates of antibiotic resistance in patients receiving prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several single-center studies have emphasized the concern for the emergence of antibiotic resistance associated with the routine use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis. The potential for antibiotic resistance continues to be worrisome and warrants further ongoing studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. wingajr@ufl.edu
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: Lamis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eldjerou
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leather
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents