title: Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42, and genetic variants.
abstract: Identifying a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease that can be obtained from a blood sample has been a goal of researchers for many years. Over the past few years a number of investigators have studied several plasma biomarkers but most frequently plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)40 and Aβ42 while others have explored the use of genetic variants as biomarkers for diagnosis or risk. This review considers the cross-sectional and longitudinal data regarding plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 as diagnostic biomarkers as well as risk biomarkers. Review of recent genome-wide association studies indicates as many as 10 genetic variants have been associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further analysis suggests that these factors have modest effects on risk and are thus not helpful, as yet, in the diagnosis of disease. Until the function of these genes is understood, their role in risk and diagnosis will remain uncertain. Thus, there are several types of peripheral biomarkers under investigation, but more work is required before they can be deemed clinically useful.
authors.affiliation: Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, the Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, and the Department of Neurology,Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. rpm2@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayeux
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schupf
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D053764:Presenilin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D053766:Presenilin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D053764:Presenilin-1; D053766:Presenilin-2; C538897:amyloid beta-protein (40-42)
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