title: VEGF expression in residual tumor cells in orbital retinoblastoma (IRSS stage III) treated with NACT: a prospective study.
abstract: We prospectively evaluated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by immunohistochemistry in 22 consecutive IRSS stage III retinoblastoma patients who underwent enucleation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Positive VEGF expression was observed in 6/22 (27.3%) patients. VEGF expression was associated with local progression on MRI prior to enucleation (P = 0.004), pathological scleral (P = 0.023), and extra-scleral tumor extension (P = 0.009). EFS for VEGF positive and negative patients was 0% and 56.25%, respectively (P = 0.0002). OS for VEGF positive patients was 33.33% and 54.69% for VEGF negative patients (P = 0.207). Thus, VEGF in residual tumor cells post-NACT may represent poor response to NACT, potential for local invasion, and inferior outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Venkatraman
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.forename: Lata
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000378:metabolism*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A