title: Psychiatric adverse drug reactions reported during a 10-year period in the Swedish pediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychiatric Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are frequent in the pediatric population. The aim of the present study was to analyze spontaneously reported psychiatric ADRs in children during a 10-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  All spontaneously reported Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) concerning children (<18 years old) and psychiatric adverse reactions assessed as at least possible, registered in the Swedish Drug Information System (SWEDIS) during the period 2001-2010, were extracted and characterized. Age and sex distribution and labeling/registration status were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 600 ICSRs concerning 744 psychiatric adverse reactions were identified and included in the analysis. Boys were overrepresented among included ICSRs (60.3% vs. 39.7%; p < .001). After exclusion of vaccines, the three most frequently suspected drugs were montelukast, centrally working sympathomimetic drugs, and inhaled glucocorticoids. Serious adverse reactions were reported more frequently for drugs used off-label than for drugs used according to the Swedish Physician's Desk Reference. Aggressiveness was reported more frequently for boys than for girls as were suicidal conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychiatric ADRs in the pediatric population have been reported for a wide range of reactions and drugs and display age and sex differences including a higher number of suicidal reactions in boys. An association was seen between serious reactions and off-label drug use. Further studies are needed to elucidate safety aspects of unlicensed drugs and drugs used off-label and whether there are differences in children's susceptibility to develop ADRs.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bygdell
authors.forename: Gertrud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunlöf
authors.forename: Susanna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wallerstedt
authors.forename: Jenny M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kindblom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D056687:Off-Label Use; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations