title: Preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity are independent predictors of propofol and sevoflurane requirements in general anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychological factors are thought to drive inter-patient variations in anaesthetic and analgesic requirements. This cross-sectional study investigated whether preoperative psychological factors can predict anaesthetic requirements and postoperative pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before total thyroidectomy, 100 consecutive women completed the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). Target-controlled propofol was administered for induction of anaesthesia, and sevoflurane-oxygen-air was given to maintain equal depths of anaesthesia, as determined by bispectral index (BIS) monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with higher anxiety scores (state and trait) required greater amounts of propofol to reach light (BIS=85) and moderate (BIS=75) levels of sedation, but only trait anxiety was significantly associated with propofol requirements in reaching a deep level of sedation (BIS=65). The MAC-hour of sevoflurane was significantly correlated only with PSQ scores. The postoperative pain intensity was significantly correlated with both STAI and PSQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity are independent predictors of propofol and sevoflurane requirements in general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic and analgesic doses could be modified based on the patient's preoperative anxiety and pain sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kil
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D057234:Preoperative Period; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011581:Psychological Tests; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol