title: Molecular parameters of head and neck cancer metastasis.
abstract: Metastasis remains a major cause of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC patients with metastatic disease have extremely poor prognoses, with an average survival rate of less than a year. Metastasis is an intricate sequential process that requires a discrete population of tumor cells to possess the capacity to intravasate from the primary tumor into systemic circulation, survive in circulation, extravasate at a distant site, and proliferate in a foreign, hostile environment. Literature has accumulated to provide mechanistic insight into several signal transduction pathways, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), Rho GTPases, protein kinase Cε (PKCsε), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), that are involved in mediating a metastatic tumor cell phenotype in HN-SCC. Herein we highlight accrued information regarding the key molecular parameters of HNSCC metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bhave
authors.forename: Theodoras N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Teknos
authors.forename: Quintin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
references.citation: Lancet. 2003 Mar 1;361(9359):781
references.pmid: 12620755
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2002 Oct-Dec;6(4):539-53
references.pmid: 12611639
references.citation: Head Neck. 2000 Dec;22(8):748-59
references.pmid: 11084634
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):L429-38
references.pmid: 10956616
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8602-6
references.pmid: 2236070
references.citation: Cell Growth Differ. 2002 Aug;13(8):355-62
references.pmid: 12193474
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 1998 Jan;34(1):58-62
references.pmid: 9659521
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 2009 Dec;30(12):2085-94
references.pmid: 19843642
references.citation: EMBO J. 2004 Oct 1;23(19):3721-34
references.pmid: 15385963
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 2008 Apr;44(4):325-34
references.pmid: 17588803
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1998 Jul 27;142(2):573-86
references.pmid: 9679153
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 1;14(13):4284-91
references.pmid: 18594011
references.citation: Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1630-5
references.pmid: 9287210
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 24;273(30):18943-9
references.pmid: 9668072
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 22;278(34):31574-83
references.pmid: 12771142
references.citation: Neoplasia. 2006 Sep;8(9):733-46
references.pmid: 16984731
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 1996 Oct;16(10):5313-27
references.pmid: 8816443
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4227-32
references.pmid: 10760290
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 1;15(11):3740-50
references.pmid: 19470725
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 1;64(17):6166-73
references.pmid: 15342401
references.citation: Mol Cancer. 2009 Feb 19;8:9
references.pmid: 19228372
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 29;280(17):17275-85
references.pmid: 15705584
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):4138-43
references.pmid: 12640143
references.citation: Oncogene. 2010 Apr 8;29(14):2047-59
references.pmid: 20101235
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Oct 15;125(8):1884-93
references.pmid: 19588483
references.citation: Cell. 1992 Aug 7;70(3):389-99
references.pmid: 1643657
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Jul 6;282(27):19399-409
references.pmid: 17496330
references.citation: Carcinogenesis. 2007 Jun;28(6):1145-52
references.pmid: 17234718
references.citation: Oncogene. 1998 Oct 8;17(14):1855-69
references.pmid: 9778052
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2004 May 1;22(9):1743-52
references.pmid: 15117998
references.citation: Mol Carcinog. 1999 Oct;26(2):119-29
references.pmid: 10506755
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Oct 1;66(19):9379-84
references.pmid: 17018591
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;6(12):1180-8
references.pmid: 15558031
references.citation: Cell. 1995 Apr 7;81(1):53-62
references.pmid: 7536630
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2009 Jul 15;69(14):5829-34
references.pmid: 19567682
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 1993 Apr 22;54(1):73-80
references.pmid: 8386710
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 1999 Nov 25;253(1):166-79
references.pmid: 10579921
references.citation: J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2005 Jun;33(3):191-6
references.pmid: 15878520
references.citation: Cancer J. 2001 Mar-Apr;7(2):108-11
references.pmid: 11324763
references.citation: Cell. 1992 Aug 7;70(3):401-10
references.pmid: 1643658
references.citation: Nat Med. 1999 Apr;5(4):412-7
references.pmid: 10202930
references.citation: Science. 1999 Aug 6;285(5429):895-8
references.pmid: 10436159
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 10;24(14):2137-50
references.pmid: 16682732
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2010 Aug 17;10:437
references.pmid: 20716363
references.citation: Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2006 Mar;6(3):231-41
references.pmid: 16503733
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2007 Sep 15;67(18):8828-38
references.pmid: 17875724
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1996 Apr;8(2):168-73
references.pmid: 8791416
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Aug 1;12(15):4485-90
references.pmid: 16899593
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1990 Dec 15;50(24):8017-22
references.pmid: 2253244
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1999 Jul 15;59(14):3495-504
references.pmid: 10416616
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Feb;288(2):H954-61
references.pmid: 15528226
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1999 Apr 19;145(2):347-61
references.pmid: 10209029
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8806-11
references.pmid: 10722725
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Mar-Apr;55(2):74-108
references.pmid: 15761078
references.citation: Oncogene. 2009 Jul 9;28(27):2524-34
references.pmid: 19448673
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;64(18):6511-23
references.pmid: 15374962
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2008 Mar-Apr;58(2):71-96
references.pmid: 18287387
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 15;66(22):10833-42
references.pmid: 17108119
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 1;14(13):4336-44
references.pmid: 18594017
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 1;13(11):3182-90
references.pmid: 17545521
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 15;65(16):7071-80
references.pmid: 16103054
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2004 Oct;165(4):1315-29
references.pmid: 15466396
references.citation: J Thorac Oncol. 2006 Jan;1(1):7-9
references.pmid: 17409820
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Jun;5(6):1369-79
references.pmid: 10389921
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2001 Jul;111(7):1285-9
references.pmid: 11568556
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2011 Sep;112(9):2508-17
references.pmid: 21557297
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 1;63(17):5629-35
references.pmid: 14500405
references.citation: Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Mar;7(3):311-8
references.pmid: 19276182
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999 Feb;11(1):95-102
references.pmid: 10047515
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2003 Jun 1;63(11):2948-56
references.pmid: 12782602
references.citation: Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Nov;7(11):1771-80
references.pmid: 19861405
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2004 Feb 20;108(5):643-53
references.pmid: 14696090
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Jun;60(6):1061-70
references.pmid: 12861375
references.citation: Head Neck. 1995 Nov-Dec;17(6):516-25
references.pmid: 8847210
references.citation: Mol Cancer. 2007 Oct 29;6:69
references.pmid: 17967179
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 May 19;281(20):14026-40
references.pmid: 16565089
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Dec;4(12):915-25
references.pmid: 14685170
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 15;12(18):5268-72
references.pmid: 17000658
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jan 15;10(2):658-67
references.pmid: 14760089
references.citation: Int J Mol Med. 2008 Feb;21(2):153-62
references.pmid: 18204781
references.citation: Int J Biol Markers. 2006 Jul-Sep;21(3):175-83
references.pmid: 17013800
references.citation: Oncogene. 2010 Sep 16;29(37):5135-45
references.pmid: 20622897
references.citation: Oncogene. 2000 Mar 16;19(12):1547-55
references.pmid: 10734314
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;12(17):5064-73
references.pmid: 16951222
references.citation: Virchows Arch. 2006 Nov;449(5):513-9
references.pmid: 17033798
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1998 Oct 1;102(7):1385-92
references.pmid: 9769331