title: Beneficial effect of taurine on hypoxia- and glutamate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in primary neuronal culture.
abstract: Stroke (hypoxia) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the developed countries, and it can induce excessive glutamate release and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Taurine, as a free amino acid, present in high concentrations in a range of organs in mammals, can provide protection against multiple neurological diseases. Here, we present a study to investigate the potential protective benefits of taurine against ER stress induced by glutamate and hypoxia/reoxygenation in primary cortical neuronal cultures. We found that taurine suppresses the up-regulation of caspase-12 and GADD153/CHOP induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, suggesting that taurine may exert a protective function against hypoxia/reoxygenation by reducing the ER stress. Moreover, taurine can down-regulate the ratio of cleaved ATF6 and full length ATF6, and p-IRE1 expression, indicating that taurine inhibits the ER stress induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and glutamate through suppressing ATF6 and IRE1 pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. cpan@fau.edu
authors.forename: Chunliu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Jang-Yen
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D051701:Activating Transcription Factor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013654:Taurine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; C497110:Atf4 protein, rat; C497113:Atf6 protein, rat; C497251:Ddit3 protein, rat; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051701:Activating Transcription Factor 4; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D013654:Taurine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C486557:Ern2 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C506443:Casp12 protein, rat; D053454:Caspase 12