title: The seven-transmembrane receptor Gpr1 governs processes relevant for the antagonistic interaction of Trichoderma atroviride with its host.
abstract: Mycoparasitic Trichoderma species are applied as biocontrol agents in agriculture to guard plants against fungal diseases. During mycoparasitism, Trichoderma directly interacts with phytopathogenic fungi, preceded by a specific recognition of the host and resulting in its disarming and killing. In various fungal pathogens, including mycoparasites, signalling via heterotrimeric G proteins plays a major role in regulating pathogenicity-related functions. However, the corresponding receptors involved in the recognition of host-derived signals are largely unknown. Functional characterization of Trichoderma atroviride Gpr1 revealed a prominent role of this seven-transmembrane protein of the cAMP-receptor-like family of fungal G-protein-coupled receptors in the antagonistic interaction with the host fungus and governing of mycoparasitism-related processes. Silencing of gpr1 led to an avirulent phenotype accompanied by an inability to attach to host hyphae. Furthermore, gpr1-silenced transformants were unable to respond to the presence of living host fungi with the expression of chitinase- and protease-encoding genes. Addition of exogenous cAMP was able to restore host attachment in gpr1-silenced transformants but could not restore mycoparasitic overgrowth. A search for downstream targets of the signalling pathway(s) involving Gpr1 resulted in the isolation of genes encoding e.g. a member of the cyclin-like superfamily and a small secreted cysteine-rich protein. Although silencing of gpr1 caused defects similar to those of mutants lacking the Tga3 Gα protein, no direct interaction between Gpr1 and Tga3 was observed in a split-ubiquitin two-hybrid assay.
authors.affiliation: Research Area Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Center for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Omann
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.affiliation: Research Area Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Center for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escobar Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department for Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln, Austria.|Research Area Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Center for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.affiliation: Research Area Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Center for Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeilinger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000898:Antibiosis; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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