title: Bet v 1-like pollen allergens of multiple Fagales species can sensitize atopic individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the temperate climate zone of the Northern hemisphere, Fagales pollen allergy represents the main cause of winter/spring pollinosis. Among Fagales trees, pollen allergies are strongly associated within the Betulaceae and the Fagaceae families. It is widely accepted that Fagales pollen allergies are initiated by sensitization against Bet v 1, the birch pollen major allergen, although evidence is accumulating that the allergenic activity of some Bet v 1-like molecules has been underestimated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the allergenic potential of the clinically most important Fagales pollen allergens from birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, hop-hornbeam, oak, beech and chestnut.
  
  
  METHODS
  To obtain the full spectrum of allergens, the three previously unavailable members of the Bet v 1-family, hop-hornbeam Ost c 1, chestnut Cas s 1 and beech Fag s 1, were identified in the respective pollen extracts, cloned and produced as recombinant proteins in E. coli. Together with recombinant Bet v 1, Aln g 1, Car b 1, Cor a 1 and Que a 1, the molecules were characterized physicochemically, mediator release assays were performed and IgE cross-reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC) IgE inhibition assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All allergens showed the typical Bet v 1-like secondary structure elements, and they were all able to bind serum IgE from Fagales allergic donors. Strong IgE binding was observed for Betuloideae and Coryloideae allergens, however, cross-reactivity between the two subfamilies was limited as explored by inhibition experiments. In contrast, IgE binding to members of the Fagaceae could be strongly inhibited by serum pre-incubation with allergens of the Betuloideae subfamily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that Bet v 1-like allergens of the Betuloideae and Coryloideae subfamily might have the potential to induce IgE antibodies with different specificities, while allergic reactions towards Fagaceae allergens are the result of IgE cross-reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Asam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Himly
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voltolini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Briza
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002 Aug;128(4):325-35
references.pmid: 12218371
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 2004 Jul;271(14):2937-48
references.pmid: 15233789
references.citation: Clin Exp Allergy. 2003 Oct;33(10):1419-28
references.pmid: 14519150
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2005 Sep 2;351(5):1101-9
references.pmid: 16051263
references.citation: Allergy. 2009 Mar;64(3):452-60
references.pmid: 19170672
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992 Sep;90(3 Pt 1):312-8
references.pmid: 1527315
references.citation: Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Jun;29(6):848-55
references.pmid: 10336603
references.citation: Allergy. 2005 Aug;60(8):1021-8
references.pmid: 15969682
references.citation: Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Oct;38(10):1688-96
references.pmid: 18754759
references.citation: Allergy. 2009 Jul;64(7):1038-45
references.pmid: 19183416
references.citation: Allergy. 1997 Jan;52(1):11-7
references.pmid: 9062624
references.citation: Allergy. 2007 Sep;62(9):976-90
references.pmid: 17521313
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(Database issue):D214-9
references.pmid: 21051339
references.citation: Clin Exp Allergy. 2010 Jun;40(6):911-21
references.pmid: 20214663
references.citation: Eur J Biochem. 1993 Mar 1;212(2):355-62
references.pmid: 7916686
references.citation: J Immunol. 2010 Jan 15;184(2):725-35
references.pmid: 19995902
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Nov 15;196(3):1086-92
references.pmid: 7504464
references.citation: EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):1935-8
references.pmid: 2571499
references.citation: Nat Struct Biol. 1996 Dec;3(12):1040-5
references.pmid: 8946858
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Dec;135(4):357-73
references.pmid: 15583457
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Dec 24;4(12):e8457
references.pmid: 20041109
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Apr 16;5(4):e10174
references.pmid: 20419087
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(12):1321-6
references.pmid: 16309367
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998 Oct;102(4 Pt 1):579-91
references.pmid: 9802365
references.citation: Am J Bot. 1999 Aug;86(8):1168-81
references.pmid: 10449397
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992 Dec;90(6 Pt 1):909-17
references.pmid: 1460197