title: A highly dynamic ER-derived phosphatidylinositol-synthesizing organelle supplies phosphoinositides to cellular membranes.
abstract: Polyphosphoinositides are lipid signaling molecules generated from phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) with critical roles in vesicular trafficking and signaling. It is poorly understood where PtdIns is located within cells and how it moves around between membranes. Here we identify a hitherto-unrecognized highly mobile membrane compartment as the site of PtdIns synthesis and a likely source of PtdIns of all membranes. We show that the PtdIns-synthesizing enzyme PIS associates with a rapidly moving compartment of ER origin that makes ample contacts with other membranes. In contrast, CDP-diacylglycerol synthases that provide PIS with its substrate reside in the tubular ER. Expression of a PtdIns-specific bacterial PLC generates diacylglycerol also in rapidly moving cytoplasmic objects. We propose a model in which PtdIns is synthesized in a highly mobile lipid distribution platform and is delivered to other membranes during multiple contacts by yet-to-be-defined lipid transfer mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Yeun Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guzman-Hernandez
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015388:Organelles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase
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