title: Bile salt composition is secondary to bile salt concentration in determining hydrocortisone and progesterone solubility in intestinal mimetic fluids.
abstract: Simulated intestinal fluids (SIFs) used to assay the solubility of orally administered drugs are typically based on a single bile salt; sodium taurocholate (STC). The aim of this study was to develop mimetic intestinal fluids with a closer similarity to physiological fluids than those reported to date by developing a mixed bile salt (MBS) system (STC, sodium glycodeoxycholate, sodium deoxycholate; 60:39:1) with different concentrations of lecithin, the preponderant intestinal phospholipid. Hydrocortisone and progesterone were used as model drugs to evaluate systematically the influence of SIF composition on solubility. Increasing total bile salt concentration from 0 to 30 mM increased hydrocortisone and progesterone solubility by 2- and ∼25-fold, respectively. Accordingly, higher solubilities were measured in the fed-state compared to the fasted-state SIFs. Progesterone showed the greatest increases in solubility in STC and MBS systems (2-7-fold) compared to hydrocortisone (no significant change; P>0.05) as lecithin concentration was increased. Overall, MBS systems gave similar solubility profiles to STC. In conclusion, the addenda of MBS and lecithin were found to be secondary to the influence of BS concentration. These data provide a foundation for the design of more bio-similar media for pivotal decision-guiding assays in drug development and quality control settings.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, King's Health Partners, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Huda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zughaid
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006002:Glycodeoxycholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007419:Intestinal Secretions / Q000737:chemistry*; D054709:Lecithins / Q000737:chemistry; D011374:Progesterone / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D054709:Lecithins; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D006002:Glycodeoxycholic Acid; D011374:Progesterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone