title: Astrocyte and macrophage regulation of YKL-40 expression and cellular response in neuroinflammation.
abstract: Numerous inflammatory conditions are associated with elevated YKL-40 expression by infiltrating macrophages. Thus, we were surprised to observe minimal macrophage and abundant astrocyte expression of YKL-40 in neuroinflammatory conditions. The aims of the current study were to better delineate this discrepancy, characterize the factors that regulate YKL-40 expression in macrophages and astrocytes and study whether YKL-40 expression correlates with cell morphology and/or activation state. In vitro, macrophages expressed high levels of YKL-40 that was induced by classical activation and inhibited by alternative activation. Cytokines released from macrophages induced YKL-40 transcription in astrocytes that was accompanied by morphological changes and altered astrocytic motility. Because coculturing of astrocytes and macrophages did not reverse this in vitro expression pattern, additional components of the in vivo central nervous system (CNS) milieu must be required to suppress macrophage and induce astrocyte expression of YKL-40.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dafnabb@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dafna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonneh-Barkay
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bissel
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starkey
authors.forename: Guoji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Clayton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wiley
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D037102:Lectins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D037102:Lectins
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