title: Molecular biomarker of inflammatory response is associated with rebleeding in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rebleeding in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among stroke survivors. Due to the links between inflammation and rebleeding, we hypothesized that the biomarkers of inflammation are associated with the pathogenesis of rebleeding in ICH. We sought to investigate whether these biomarkers and clinical variables on admission can provide prognostic information on the risk of rebleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study enrolled 59 consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH. We determined the concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and complement 3 in blood samples obtained on admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis indicated that hematoma volume, leukocyte count, hydrocephalus, and plasma IL-10 levels were associated with rebleeding. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hydrocephalus (95% CI of OR, 1.6-26.7) and IL-10 (95% CI of OR, 1.03-1.22) were independently associated with an increased probability of rebleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that IL-10, a molecular biomarker of inflammatory response in the early acute phase of ICH, is associated with subsequent rebleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chung-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Han-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cheng-Loong
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Po-Chou
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liliang
authors.forename: Yu-Duan
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hao-Kuang
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003176:Complement C3; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10