title: Predictors for persistent neuropathic pain--a Delphi survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic neuropathic pain has a major effect on quality of life. In order to prevent neuropathic pain from becoming chronic and improve neuropathic pain care, it is important to identify predictors associated with the persistence of neuropathic pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify potential predictors associated with the persistence of neuropathic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-round Delphi study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Medical Center and Pain Management Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-round Delphi study was conducted among 17 experts in the field of neuropathic pain. Selection of the panel was based on the citation index ranking for neuropathic pain-related research and/or membership in the neuropathic pain special interest group of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), complemented with experts with demonstrated field knowledge.Potential predictors were categorized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. Participants were asked to identify important predictors, suggest new predictors, and grade the importance on a 0-10 scale. For the second round, predictors were considered important if the median score was ≥ 7 and the interquartile range (IQR) ≤ 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first round, 20 predictors were selected and 58 were added by the experts (patient characteristics [15], environmental factors [25], functions & structure [4], participation & health related quality of life [14]). In the second round, 12 predictors were considered important (patient characteristics [4; e.g., depression, pain catastrophizing], environmental factors [surgery as treatment for neuropathic pain], functions & structure [6; e.g., allodynia, duration of the complaints], participation & trait anxiety/depression as a part of health related quality of life). Presence of depression and pain catastrophizing were considered the most important predictors for chronic neuropathic pain (median ≥ 8; IQR ≤ 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study design did not include plenary discussion among the experts. The meaning of the individual topics used in this study could have been subject to interpretation bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, psychological factors and factors related to sensory disturbances were considered important predictors for persistence of neuropathic pain. Activity related factors and previously received paramedical and alternative treatment were considered to be less important. The list of possible predictors obtained by this study may serve as a basis for development of a clinical prediction rule for chronic neuropathic pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.boogaard@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boogaard
authors.forename: Martijn W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patijn
authors.forename: Henrica Cw
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Vet
authors.forename: Catharina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Madelon L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Loer
authors.forename: Wouter Wa
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zuurmond
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perez
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity / Q000639:trends; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology