title: Blockade of leukocyte haptokinesis and haptotaxis by ketoprofen, diclofenac and SC-560.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) represent a one of the most widely used anti-inflammatory substances. Their anti-inflammatory effects are mainly based on inhibition of cyclooxygenase. The potential direct effect of NSAID on leukocyte migration was poorly investigated. Using time-lapse microscopy and 96-well fluorescence-based assay, we studied the effect of three different NSAID, ketoprofen, diclofenac and SC-560, on leukocyte haptokinesis and haptotaxis in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NSAID induced an immediate inhibiting effect on leukocyte migration both in vitro and in vivo. This effect was dose-dependent and was not restricted to a specific type of leukocytes. The inhibition of leukocyte migration by NSAID was partially re-stored after removal of inhibiting agent. Only complete blockade of leukocyte migration was accompanied by a strong reduction of [Ca(2+)]i.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NSAID strongly supress leukocyte migration. The results of the present study may have important clinical implications since blockade of leukocyte migration can be achieved after topical application of NSAID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Saulius
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paskauskas
authors.forename: Audrius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parseliunas
authors.forename: Vachtang
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kerkadze
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nobiling
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ryschich
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006241:Haptens; D011720:Pyrazoles; C115461:SC 560; D004008:Diclofenac; D007660:Ketoprofen; D002118:Calcium
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