title: Male infertility in Northeast China: a cytogenetic study of 135 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the frequency and types of chromosomal anomalies with non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in Northeast China, and to compare the frequencies with other regions of China and the world. To investigate the general characteristics of this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one men with non-obstructive azoospermia and 54 men with severe oligozoospermia were recruited. Karyotype analyses were performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes using standard G-banding. Measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, prolactin, and inhibin B were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of chromosomal anomalies for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (17.28%) was comparable with studies from Europe, Africa, Asia, and other regions of China. However, the frequency for patients with severe oligozoospermia (9.26%) was slightly higher than reported from other Asian countries. The infertile men were more likely than the fertile to smoke and consume alcohol, and to have significantly lower levels of inhibin B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For infertile men in Northeast China, chromosome analysis is a necessary part of routine genetic testing, and the contributing effects of high smoking and alcohol consumption rates of this population should be discussed during genetic counseling.
authors.affiliation: First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rui-Xue
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ru-Lin
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Rui-Zhi
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001208:Asia; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005060:Europe; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D059785:Karyotype; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012907:Smoking; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C422364:inhibin B; D013739:Testosterone; D007265:Inhibins; D011388:Prolactin; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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