title: Disease Ontology: a backbone for disease semantic integration.
abstract: The Disease Ontology (DO) database (http://disease-ontology.org) represents a comprehensive knowledge base of 8043 inherited, developmental and acquired human diseases (DO version 3, revision 2510). The DO web browser has been designed for speed, efficiency and robustness through the use of a graph database. Full-text contextual searching functionality using Lucene allows the querying of name, synonym, definition, DOID and cross-reference (xrefs) with complex Boolean search strings. The DO semantically integrates disease and medical vocabularies through extensive cross mapping and integration of MeSH, ICD, NCI's thesaurus, SNOMED CT and OMIM disease-specific terms and identifiers. The DO is utilized for disease annotation by major biomedical databases (e.g. Array Express, NIF, IEDB), as a standard representation of human disease in biomedical ontologies (e.g. IDO, Cell line ontology, NIFSTD ontology, Experimental Factor Ontology, Influenza Ontology), and as an ontological cross mappings resource between DO, MeSH and OMIM (e.g. GeneWiki). The DO project (http://diseaseontology.sf.net) has been incorporated into open source tools (e.g. Gene Answers, FunDO) to connect gene and disease biomedical data through the lens of human disease. The next iteration of the DO web browser will integrate DO's extended relations and logical definition representation along with these biomedical resource cross-mappings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. lschriml@som.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Lynn Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schriml
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arze
authors.forename: Suvarna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nadendla
authors.forename: Yu-Wei Wayne
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazaitis
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Warren Alden
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kibbe
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004194:Disease / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012660:Semantics; D012984:Software; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled
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