title: The development of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and its possible use in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Worldwide, Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity and mortality. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) has been recommended for use in persons aged 65 years and over and in adults with certain chronic medical conditions. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been developed for use in infants and children aged less than 5 years, and are being studied for use in adult populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The different types of pneumococcal vaccines are discussed. Studies comparing PPSV23 and PCVs, as well as the results of the widespread use of 7-valent PCV are covered. The possible extension of the use of 13-valent PCV to adults, particularly to vulnerable populations, is discussed. The MEDLINE database was used to identify relevant studies from literature published in English between January 1977 and January 2011. All studies of adults aged over 18 years were considered for the review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly individuals and adults with chronic medical conditions who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease would benefit from more effective prevention than is provided by the currently recommended PPSV23.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 6014, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. robert.frenck@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Frenck
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010919:Placebos; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: C538862:13-valent pneumococcal vaccine; C414006:23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine; D010406:Penicillins; D010919:Placebos; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines