title: Circulating angiogenic cell populations, vascular function, and arterial stiffness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several bone marrow-derived cell populations have been identified that may possess angiogenic activity and contribute to vascular homeostasis in experimental studies. We examined the extent to which lower quantities of these circulating angiogenic cell phenotypes may be related to impaired vascular function and greater arterial stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1948 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age, 66±9 years; 54% women) who were phenotyped for circulating angiogenic cells: CD34+, CD34+/KDR+, and early outgrowth colony forming units (CFU). Participants underwent non-invasive assessments of vascular function including peripheral arterial tone (PAT), arterial tonometry, and brachial reactivity testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In unadjusted analyses, higher CD34+ and CD34+/KDR+ concentrations were modestly associated with lower PAT ratio (β=-0.052±0.011, P<0.001 and β=-0.030±0.011, P=0.008, respectively) and with higher carotid-brachial pulse wave velocity (β=0.144±0.043, P=0.001 and β=0.112±0.043, P=0.009), but not with flow-mediated dilation; higher CD34+ was also associated with lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (β=-0.229±0.094, P=0.015). However, only the association of lower CD34+ concentration with higher PAT ratio persisted in multivariable analyses that adjusted for standard cardiovascular risk factors. In all analyses, CFU was not associated with measures of vascular function or arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our large, community-based sample of men and women, circulating angiogenic cell phenotypes largely were not associated with measures of vascular function or arterial stiffness in analyses adjusting for traditional risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmisano
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Stanley Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Naomi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hamburg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015415:Biomarkers; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Sep;110(3):281-90
references.pmid: 474565
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Feb 13;348(7):593-600
references.pmid: 12584367
references.citation: Science. 1997 Feb 14;275(5302):964-7
references.pmid: 9020076
references.citation: Clin Med Cardiol. 2009 May 27;3:53-60
references.pmid: 20407620
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Jul 6;89(1):E1-7
references.pmid: 11440984
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2010 Dec;31(23):2854-61
references.pmid: 20864485
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 8;353(10):999-1007
references.pmid: 16148285
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Sep 23;108(12):1520-6
references.pmid: 12952850
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Oct 17;48(8):1579-87
references.pmid: 17045891
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2009 May;219(2):235-42
references.pmid: 19115244
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2009 Jul;158(1):53-60.e1
references.pmid: 19540392
references.citation: J Hum Hypertens. 2006 Jul;20(7):490-5
references.pmid: 16496018
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Aug;23(8):2611-8
references.pmid: 18353889
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(4):805-10
references.pmid: 17446880
references.citation: Hypertension. 2004 Jun;43(6):1239-45
references.pmid: 15123572
references.citation: Nat Med. 2001 Apr;7(4):430-6
references.pmid: 11283669
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Jun 7;111(22):2981-7
references.pmid: 15927972
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Jul 09;5(7):e11488
references.pmid: 20634884
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Feb 10;109(5):613-9
references.pmid: 14769683
references.citation: Basic Res Cardiol. 2007 Nov;102(6):565-71
references.pmid: 17932708
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Sep 21;122(12):1176-82
references.pmid: 20823386
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 Oct 1;22(10):1567-72
references.pmid: 12377731
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 May 13;117(19):2467-74
references.pmid: 18458169
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 May 22;115(20):2628-36
references.pmid: 17485578
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Apr 5;57(14):1511-22
references.pmid: 21453829
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Nov 25;108(21):2710-5
references.pmid: 14597586
references.citation: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2009 Jan;19(1):6-11
references.pmid: 19467447
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2009 Apr;30(8):890-9
references.pmid: 19299431
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Feb;116(4):283-99
references.pmid: 19138170
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Feb;294(2):H708-13
references.pmid: 18055521
references.citation: Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2011 Jun;4(3):296-304
references.pmid: 21493818
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1185-9
references.pmid: 12714439
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Apr;27(4):936-42
references.pmid: 17255539
references.citation: Heart. 2008 Jan;94(1):27-33
references.pmid: 17395668
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2009 Aug;52(8):1464-73
references.pmid: 19484217
references.citation: Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2008 Aug;5(8):489-96
references.pmid: 18578002