title: Inhibitory effect of Trolox on the migration and invasion of human lung             and cervical cancer cells.
abstract: The antioxidant 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)             is implicated in migration and invasion of metastatic tumors. However, the molecular             mechanism underlying the effect of Trolox on metastatic cancer cells is not known.             We found that a non-cytotoxic dose of Trolox decreased phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate             (PMA)-induced invasion and migration of both A549 and HeLa cancer cells. We also             found that Trolox suppressed both the expression and the proteolytic activity             of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and that the promoter activity of PMA-induced             MMP-9 was inhibited by Trolox. Our results show that Trolox inhibits the transcriptional             activity of MMP-9 by suppression of NF-κB transactivation. These results indicate             that Trolox inhibits NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 expression, leading to the suppression             of migration and invasion in lung and cervical cancer cells. Trolox is a potential             agent for clinical use in preventing the invasion and metastasis of human malignant             lung and cervical cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health                     Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Yoonseo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyereen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jae Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sull
authors.forename: Yoon Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Wuk
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jesang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002839:Chromans; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid