title: Aberrant methylation of the 3q25 tumor suppressor gene PTX3 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the novel methylation-silenced gene pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  PTX3 mRNA expression was examined in six human ESCC cell lines, one human immortalized normal esophageal epithelial cell line, primary ESCC tumor tissue, and paired adjacent nontumor tissue using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine cellular localisation and protein levels. Methylation specific PCR and bisulphite genomic sequencing were employed to investigate the methylation of the candidate gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the majority of ESCC cell lines, we found that PTX3 expression was down-regulated due to gene promoter hypermethylation, which was further confirmed by bisulphite genomic sequencing. Demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored PTX3 mRNA expression in ESCC cell lines. Methylation was more common in tumor tissues (85%) than in adjacent nontumor tissues (25%) (P < 0 .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTX3 is down-regulated through promoter hypermethylation in ESCC, and could potentially serve as a biomarker of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. jxwang88@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jun-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuan-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Sheng-Tao
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Tian
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000077209:Decitabine; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001374:Azacitidine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000077209:Decitabine; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins
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