title: The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among TB patients in Port Harcourt Nigeria.
abstract: The joint statement by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends that all patients with tuberculosis (TB) undergo testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after counseling. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of HIV infection among 120 patients diagnosed with microbiologically proven TB aged 18 to 54 years with a mean age of 39.5 years (standard deviation 6.75). The subjects studied were 36 male (30%) and 84 females (70%). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to screen for HIV infection among the subjects. Of the 120 TB patients tested 30 (25%) were positive for HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV was higher in females 24 (80%) compared to males 6 (20%) and among singles (66.7%) compared to married subjects (33.3%) (χ(2) = 83.5 and χ(2) = 126.2, respectively P = 0.001). HIV-1 was the predominant viral subtype. HIV prevalence was significantly higher in subjects in the 38-47 year and 28-37 year age groups (both 40%) followed by the 18-28 year age group (20%) (χ(2) = 42.6, P = 0.05). The mean CD4 lymphocyte count of the HIV-infected TB subjects was significantly lower (195 ± 40.5 cells/μL) compared to the non-HIV infected (288 ± 35.25 cells/μL P = 0.01). This study has shown a high prevalence of HIV among TB patients. Reactivation of TB among people living with HIV can be reduced by TB preventive therapy and by universal access to antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilbeforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erhabor
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Jeremiah
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Adias
authors.forename: Ce
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okere
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Dec 1;49(4):432-9
references.pmid: 18931623
references.citation: AIDS Behav. 2009 Aug;13(4):671-6
references.pmid: 19440833
references.citation: J Urban Health. 2001 Mar;78(1):152-61
references.pmid: 11368194
references.citation: AIDS. 2003 Oct 17;17(15):2201-8
references.pmid: 14523277
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1991 Jun 6;324(23):1644-50
references.pmid: 2030721
references.citation: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006 Jul;10(7):768-74
references.pmid: 16848339
references.citation: Radiology. 1994 Oct;193(1):115-9
references.pmid: 7916467
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1999 Apr 10;15(6):603-8
references.pmid: 10221538
references.citation: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jan;143(1):185-7
references.pmid: 1986677
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Feb 15;167(4):603-62
references.pmid: 12588714
references.citation: BMJ. 2002 Jan 26;324(7331):183-4
references.pmid: 11809629
references.citation: Am Psychol. 1993 Oct;48(10):1035-45
references.pmid: 8256876
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 1997 Jan 15;126(2):123-32
references.pmid: 9005746
references.citation: BMJ. 1990 Sep 1;301(6749):412-5
references.pmid: 2282396
references.citation: J Assoc Physicians India. 2006 Mar;54:219-34
references.pmid: 16800350
references.citation: JAMA. 1992 Sep 23-30;268(12):1581-7
references.pmid: 1518113
references.citation: JAMA. 1994 Aug 17;272(7):535-9
references.pmid: 8046808
references.citation: Prev Sci. 2007 Jun;8(2):141-51
references.pmid: 17265194
references.citation: East Afr Med J. 1999 Aug;76(8):452-6
references.pmid: 10520351
references.citation: Indian J Med Res. 2003 Oct;118:147-51
references.pmid: 14700348
references.citation: Niger J Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;13(4):393-7
references.pmid: 15523868
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 1995 Jun;24(3):637-42
references.pmid: 7672908
references.citation: S Afr Med J. 2004 Jul;94(7):537-43
references.pmid: 15285455
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008 Jun;24(6):761-9
references.pmid: 18507522
references.citation: East Afr Med J. 2008 Nov;85(11):537-43
references.pmid: 19413206
references.citation: Singapore Med J. 2009 May;50(5):479-81
references.pmid: 19495515