title: Understanding the role of cytokines in Glioblastoma Multiforme pathogenesis.
abstract: Cytokines play a significant role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The immune system's failure to recognize the malignant tumor cells and mount an effective response may be the result of tumor-associated cytokine deregulation. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) has a characteristic cytokine expression pattern, and abnormalities in cytokine expression have been implicated in gliomagenesis. Within the heterogeneous GBM microenvironment, the tumor cells, normal brain cells, immune cells, and stem cells interact with each other through the complex cytokine network. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functions of key cytokines on GBM, and highlights potential therapeutic applications targeting these cytokines.
authors.affiliation: The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jingxuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Drake G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lebrun
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha