title: Endocrine disruptor & nutritional effects of heavy metals in ovarian hyperstimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is increasing concern that environmental chemicals have a direct effect on fertility. Heavy metals such as mercury have been shown to affect various organ systems in humans including nervous system and skin, however they could also act as endocrine disrupting chemicals adversely affecting fertility. Metals such as zinc and selenium are essential micronutrients with diverse functions that may be important for reproductive outcomes. We measured mercury, zinc and selenium levels in the hair, a reliable reflection of long term environmental exposure and dietary status, to correlate with the outcome of ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the hair of 30 subfertile women for mercury, zinc and selenium using inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Each woman underwent one cycle of IVF treatment. Correlation between the levels of these trace metals and treatment outcomes was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty women were recruited with mean (±SD) age of 32.7(4.4) years and BMI of 25.4(5.0)kg/m(2). Hair mercury concentration showed a negative correlation with oocyte yield (p < 0.05,βcoefficient 0.38) and follicle number (p = 0.03,β coefficient0.19) after ovarian stimulation. Zinc and selenium levels in hair correlated positively with oocyte yield after ovarian stimulation (p < 0.05,β coefficient0.15) and (p = 0.03,β coefficient0.21) respectively. Selenium levels in hair correlated significantly with follicle number following stimulation (p = 0.04, βcoefficient0.22). There was no correlation between mercury, zinc and selenium in hair and their corresponding serum levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that mercury had a deleterious effect whilst there was a positive effect for zinc and selenium in the ovarian response to gonadotrophin therapy for IVF. Hair analysis offers a novel method of investigating the impact of long-term exposure to endocrine disruptors and nutritional status on reproductive outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Hull IVF Unit, Hull Women and Children's Hospital, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sathyapalan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maguiness
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Killick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Atkin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008628:Mercury; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
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