title: Claudins 10 and 18 are predominantly expressed in lung adenocarcinomas and in tumors of nonsmokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the expression of claudins 18 and 10 in a large set of primary lung carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical expression of claudin 18 was seen in 12.7 % and claudin 10 in 12.5 % of lung carcinomas. Their expression significantly associated with each other (p<0.001). The expression of claudin 18 and 10 was most prominent in lung adenocarcinomas which displayed positivity in 21.2% and 23.4 % of cases. Female patients had more often claudin 18 and 10 positive tumors, also separately in adenocarcinomas. Interestingly, claudin 10 (p=0.036) and claudin 18 (p=0.001) were more common in tumours of nonsmokers. In adenocarcinomas claudin 18 predicted a better survival (p=0.032). In Cox multivariate analysis, claudin 18 had an independent prognostic value (p=0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that both claudins are most commonly expressed in lung adenocarcinomas and they are more occasionally detected in other histological tumour types. Curiously, female patients and non-smokers express these claudins more commonly suggesting that they may play a part in the carcinogenesis of tobacco unrelated carcinoma. Claudin 18 associated with a better survival in lung adenocarcinoma and had an independent prognostic value and may thus be used in the evaluation of patient prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Heta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merikallio
authors.forename: Paavo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pääkkö
authors.forename: Terttu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harju
authors.forename: Ylermi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soini
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D057167:Claudins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C486683:CLDN18 protein, human; D057167:Claudins; C502009:claudin 10
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