title: Haptoglobin genotype predicts development of coronary artery calcification in a prospective cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease has been linked with genotypes for haptoglobin (Hp) which modulates extracorpuscular hemoglobin. We hypothesized that the Hp genotype would predict progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAC was measured three times in six years among 436 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 526 control subjects participating in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study. Hp typing was performed on plasma samples by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Hp 2-2 genotype predicted development of significant CAC only in subjects with diabetes who were free of CAC at baseline (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07-3.56, p = 0.03), compared to those without the Hp 2-2 genotype, controlling for age, sex, blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol. Hp 2 appeared to have an allele-dose effect on development of CAC. Hp genotype did not predict CAC progression in individuals without diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hp genotype may aid prediction of accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Janet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Snell-Bergeon
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lache
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller-Lotan
authors.forename: Yefim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anbinder
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rewers
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003120:Colorado; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006242:Haptoglobins
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