title: The plant hormone abscisic acid increases in human plasma after hyperglycemia and stimulates glucose consumption by adipocytes and myoblasts.
abstract: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is released from glucose-challenged human pancreatic β cells and stimulates insulin secretion. We investigated whether plasma ABA increased during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs and IVGTTs) in healthy human subjects. In all subjects undergoing OGTTs (n=8), plasma ABA increased over basal values (in a range from 2- to 9-fold). A positive correlation was found between the ABA area under the curve (AUC) and the glucose AUC. In 4 out of 6 IVGTTs, little or no increase of ABA levels was observed. In the remaining subjects, the ABA increase was similar to that recorded during OGTTs. GLP-1 stimulated ABA release from an insulinoma cell line and from human islets, by ∼10- and 2-fold in low and high glucose, respectively. Human adipose tissue also released ABA in response to high glucose. Nanomolar ABA stimulated glucose uptake, similarly to insulin, in rat L6 myoblasts and in murine 3T3-L1 cells differentiated to adipocytes, by increasing GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane. Demonstration that a glucose load in humans is followed by a physiological rise of plasma ABA, which can enhance glucose uptake by adipose tissues and muscle cells, identifies ABA as a new mammalian hormone involved in glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Santina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruzzone
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ameri
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Briatore
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannino
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basile
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andraghetti
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grozio
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnone
authors.forename: Lucrezia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guida
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scarfì
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salis
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Damonte
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sturla
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nencioni
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fenoglio
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fiory
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miele
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beguinot
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruvolo
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bormioli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murialdo
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cordera
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Flora
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zocchi
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D005947:Glucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; C000593834:Glp1r protein, mouse; C000593835:Glp1r protein, rat; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D005947:Glucose