title: Personal identification by the comparison of facial profiles: testing the reliability of a high-resolution 3D-2D comparison model.
abstract: Identification from video surveillance systems is frequently requested in forensic practice. The "3D-2D" comparison has proven to be reliable in assessing identification but still requires standardization; this study concerns the validation of the 3D-2D profile comparison. The 3D models of the faces of five individuals were compared with photographs from the same subjects as well as from another 45 individuals. The difference in area and distance between maxima (glabella, tip of nose, fore point of upper and lower lips, pogonion) and minima points (selion, subnasale, stomion, suprapogonion) were measured. The highest difference in area between the 3D model and the 2D image was between 43 and 133 mm(2) in the five matches, always greater than 157 mm(2) in mismatches; the mean distance between the points was greater than 1.96 mm in mismatches, <1.9 mm in five matches (p < 0.05). These results indicate that this difference in areas may point toward a manner of distinguishing "correct" from "incorrect" matches.
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, DMU-Dipartimento di Morfologia e Scienze Biomediche, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. cristina.cattaneo@unimi.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantatore
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciaffi
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gibelli
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cigada
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056667:Biometric Identification / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult