title: Restraint use law enforcement intervention in Latino communities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for U.S. Latinos aged 1 to 35 years. Restraint use is an effective means of prevention of motor vehicle crash injury. Effective interventions to raise restraint use include the following: legislation, law enforcement, education, and equipment distribution. The effects of law enforcement interventions in Latino immigrant communities are understudied. We measured the community-level effect of a combined intervention that included warnings and citations phase enforcement in Latino communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed and implemented in two of three Latino-majority communities a multicomponent intervention consisting of a community awareness campaign, restraint use education with equipment distribution, and a two-staged law enforcement intervention. Restraint use observations were conducted in all three communities at baseline, after the warnings phase and again after the citations phase of the intervention were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined intervention of community awareness, education, child passenger restraint distribution, and law enforcement focused on educational traffic stops with incentives and warnings was associated with a significant increase in both driver and child passenger restraint use in one intervention community, but only driver restraint increased to a level of significance in the other intervention community; significant increase was also noted among nonintervention drivers. The citations phase of the intervention did not result in a significant increase in restraint use and was complicated by interruptions due to unlicensed drivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined effort of community awareness, education, equipment distribution and law enforcement intervention that included incentives and warnings may be effective at increasing seat belt use in Latino communities without the need for citations.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. jschaechter@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaechter
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Uhlhorn
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D035846:Law Enforcement; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012449:Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult