title: Arteriolar function in visceral adipose tissue is impaired in human obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between adipose tissue phenotype and depot-specific microvascular function in fat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 30 obese subjects (age 42±11 years, body mass index 46±11 kg/m(2)) undergoing bariatric surgery, we intraoperatively collected visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and characterized depot-specific adipose phenotypes. We assessed vasomotor function of the adipose microvasculature using videomicroscopy of small arterioles (75-250 μm) isolated from different fat compartments. Endothelium-dependent, acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation was severely impaired in visceral arterioles, compared to the subcutaneous depot (P<0.001 by ANOVA). Nonendothelium dependent responses to papaverine and nitroprusside were similar. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition with N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester reduced subcutaneous vasodilation but had no effect on severely blunted visceral arteriolar responses. Visceral fat exhibited greater expression of proinflammatory, oxidative stress-related, hypoxia-induced, and proangiogenic genes; increased activated macrophage populations; and had a higher capacity for cytokine production ex vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide clinical evidence that the visceral microenvironment may be intrinsically toxic to arterial health providing a potential mechanism by which visceral adiposity burden is linked to atherosclerotic vascular disease. Our findings also support the evolving concept that both adipose tissue quality and quantity may play significant roles in shaping cardiovascular phenotypes in human obesity.
authors.affiliation: Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton St, D-8, Cardiology, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Farb
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganley-Leal
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Bahadir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Widlansky
authors.forename: Sherman J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bigornia
authors.forename: Antonino J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fiscale
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Apovian
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carmine
authors.forename: Donald T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.forename: Noyan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gokce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010208:Papaverine
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