title: Diuretics and salt transport along the nephron.
abstract: The clinical use of diuretics almost uniformly predated the localization of their site of action. The consequence of diuretic specificity predicts clinical application and side effect, and the proximity of the sodium transporters, one to the next, often dictates potency or diuretic efficiency. All diuretics function by inhibiting the normal transport of sodium from the filtrate into the renal tubular cells. This movement of sodium into the renal epithelial cells on the apical side is facilitated by a series of transporters whose function is, in turn, dependent on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent Na-K cotransporter on the basolateral side of the cell. Our growing understanding of the physiology of sodium transport has spawned new possibilities for diuretic development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. Paul.Bernstein@rochestergeneral.org
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009399:Nephrons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters / Q000494:pharmacology; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D064466:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; C578714:SLC12A1 protein, human; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064466:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 1; D012964:Sodium