title: Low levels of X-inactive specific transcript in somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos derived from female bovine freemartin donor cells.
abstract: The present study compared developmental potential, telomerase activity and transcript levels of X-linked genes (HPRT, MECP2, RPS4X, SLC25A6, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos reconstructed with cells derived from a freemartin (female with a male co-twin) or from normal female cattle (control). The rates of cleavage, development to blastocyst and hatched blastocyst stage, and the mean numbers of total and inner cell mass cells in the freemartin SCNT embryos were not significantly different from those of control SCNT embryos (p > 0.05). The levels of telomerase activity analyzed by RQ-TRAP in the freemartin SCNT embryos were also similar to those of the normal SCNT embryos. Transcript levels of HPRT, MECP2, RPS4X and XIAP, measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, were not significantly different between the control and freemartin SCNT embryos (p > 0.05). However, the transcript levels of SLC25A6, XIST and ZFX were significantly decreased in the freemartin SCNT embryos compared to control SCNT embryos (p < 0.05). Transfer of 71 freemartin SCNT embryos to 22 recipient cows resulted in 4 (18%) pregnancies, which were lost between days 28 and 90 of gestation. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the transcript levels of several X-linked genes, especially XIST, showed an aberrant pattern in the freemartin SCNT embryos, suggesting aberrant X inactivation in freemartin clones which may affect embryo survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rho
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Petrik
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Favetta
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary; D005611:Freemartinism / Q000235:genetics*; D050172:Genes, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA; D019098:Telomerase