title: Genomic alterations in rectal tumors and response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: an exploratory study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the treatment of choice in advanced rectal cancer, even though there are many patients who will not benefit from it. There are still no effective methods for predicting which patients will respond or not. The present study aimed to define the genomic profile of rectal tumors and to identify alterations that are predictive of response in order to optimize therapeutic strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight candidates for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were recruited and their pretherapy biopsies analyzed by array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH). Pathologic response was evaluated by tumor regression grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Hidden Markov Model and Smoothing approaches identified similar alterations, with a prevalence of DNA gains. Non responsive patients had a different alteration profile from responsive ones, with a higher number of genome changes mainly located on 2q21, 3q29, 7p22-21, 7q21, 7q36, 8q23-24, 10p14-13, 13q12, 13q31-34, 16p13, 17p13-12 and 18q23 chromosomal regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This exploratory study suggests that an in depth characterization of chromosomal alterations by aCGH would provide useful predictive information on response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and could help to optimize therapy in rectal cancer patients.The data discussed in this study are available on the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO: GSE25885].
authors.affiliation: Biosciences Laboratories, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballardini
authors.forename: Nazario
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teodorani
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Wainer
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zoli
authors.forename: Ermanno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lucci
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passardi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rosetti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saragoni
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guidoboni
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amadori
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calistri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D055028:Comparative Genomic Hybridization; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005472:Fluorouracil
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