title: The relationship between Candida species charge density and chitosan activity evaluated by ion-exchange chromatography.
abstract: Chitosan, a natural biopolymer presents antifungal activity that seems to be dependent on the interaction of its cationic amino groups and yeast cell surface. In this work we used ion-exchange chromatography to assess the surface charge density of Candida species and subsequently to relate this with their sensitivity profile to chitosan. The ability of several strains from distinct Candida species to interact with strong anionic and cationic exchangers was tested and the yeasts charge surface was assessed by measuring the zeta potential. Our results showed that all the yeast cells tested presented no interaction with the cationic resin and a species-related pattern of interaction was observed with the anionic resin. Specifically, regarding the Q-Sepharose support, Candida glabrata showed the lower retention affinity, followed by Candida albicans, presenting Candida tropicalis an intermediate profile; Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii revealed a stronger ionic interaction. The yeasts retention synergy in the anionic resin corroborates with the zeta potential outcomes. The behavior observed fit with sensitivity patterns to chitosan as the most susceptible species to chitosan presented higher affinity to the anionic resin in contrast to the less sensitive ones (C. albicans and C. glabrata). This data confirms and reinforces that chitosan activity is probably mediated by an ionic reaction between its amino free groups and ionic charges at the cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. apo@fcsaude.ubi.pt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmeira-de-Oliveira
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Passarinha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmeira-de-Oliveira
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-de-Oliveira
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pina-Vaz
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002175:Candida / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D012685:Sepharose; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D012685:Sepharose; D048271:Chitosan