title: Cryoglobulinemia with acronecrosis not associated with hepatitis C infection: a case report.
abstract: Cryoglobulinemia is a rare disease characterized by the production of monoclonal or polyclonal immunoglobulins that precipitate in cold temperature. While this phenomenon can be observed in a large number of disorders, it has been associated with hepatitis C virus infection in more than 90% of cases. The remaining 10%, called essential cryoglobulinemia, has been characterized by a more severe course and a failure to respond to conventional treatment. This article describes the case of a patient with essential cryoglobulinemia presenting with acronecrosis with a poor outcome, despite treatment, leading to amputation.
authors.affiliation: Reumatología, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain. hurauma@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ramírez Huaranga
authors.forename: Claudia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ramos Rodríguez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bellido Pastrana
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000209:etiology; D000069283:Rituximab; D014034:Toes / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008775:Methylprednisolone