title: Pathogenesis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children and Adults.
abstract: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) occur across the lifespan, from birth to advanced age. However, the causes, clinical manifestations, histopathology, and management of ILD differ greatly among infants, older children, and adults. The historical approach of classifying childhood ILD (chILD) using adult classification schemes may therefore have done more harm than good. Nevertheless, identification of novel forms of chILD in the past decade, such as surfactant metabolism dysfunction disorders and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), as well as genomic analysis of adult ILDs, has taught us that identical genotypes may result in distinct phenotypes at different ages and developmental stages, and that lung developmental pathways and cellular phenotypes are often recapitulated in adult ILDs. Thus comparison of the pathophysiology of ILD in children and adults in the context of lung development is useful in understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders, and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for ILDs at all ages.
authors.forename: Stephan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Glasser
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hagood
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct 15;178(8):838-46
references.pmid: 18635891
references.citation: Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2004 Oct;21(3):165-72
references.pmid: 15554072
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 2007 Jan;29(1):134-7
references.pmid: 17005585
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Dec 1;176(11):1120-8
references.pmid: 17885266
references.citation: Thorax. 2004 Nov;59(11):977-80
references.pmid: 15516475
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Jan;84(1):52-9
references.pmid: 19100526
references.citation: Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2010 Mar;23(1):15-24
references.pmid: 22087432
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 Sep;283(3):L510-7
references.pmid: 12169568
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 18;278(16):14291-8
references.pmid: 12519727
references.citation: Microsc Res Tech. 1997 Apr 1;37(1):77-91
references.pmid: 9144624
references.citation: Dev Dyn. 1998 Aug;212(4):482-94
references.pmid: 9707322
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 6;284(6):4018-30
references.pmid: 19074148
references.citation: Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2009 Jul-Aug;12(4):253-74
references.pmid: 19220077
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 17;282(33):23811-7
references.pmid: 17540762
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 Jul 25;283(30):21160-9
references.pmid: 18339630
references.citation: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Jun;56(3):449-66, Table of Contents
references.pmid: 19501686
references.citation: J Mol Med (Berl). 2007 Dec;85(12):1317-24
references.pmid: 18040654
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2002 Jul;161(1):173-82
references.pmid: 12107102
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2005 Nov;167(5):1267-77
references.pmid: 16251411
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct 15;172(8):1026-31
references.pmid: 15976379
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Jul 1;181(1):621-8
references.pmid: 18566429
references.citation: J Bras Pneumol. 2009 May;35(5):489-94
references.pmid: 19547861
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2007 Mar;48(3):621-32
references.pmid: 17142808
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Oct;295(4):L698-707
references.pmid: 18676873
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):L64-72
references.pmid: 19304906
references.citation: PLoS Med. 2008 Mar 4;5(3):e62
references.pmid: 18318599
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 26;278(52):52739-46
references.pmid: 14525980
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 Mar;292(3):L608-11
references.pmid: 17085519
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1990 Aug;137(2):385-92
references.pmid: 1696785
references.citation: Pediatr Res. 2007 Aug;62(2):176-9
references.pmid: 17597647
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2009 Jul;175(1):3-16
references.pmid: 19497999
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Jun 1;165(11):1466-7
references.pmid: 12045116
references.citation: Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005 Aug;40(2):157-65
references.pmid: 15965897
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 May 1;165(9):1322-8
references.pmid: 11991887
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1993 Feb 11;328(6):406-10
references.pmid: 8421459
references.citation: Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Dec;27(6):569-73
references.pmid: 17195133
references.citation: Pediatrics. 1995 Dec;96(6):1046-52
references.pmid: 7491219
references.citation: J Pediatr. 1994 Sep;125(3):356-61
references.pmid: 8071741
references.citation: Lung. 1998;176(6):371-80
references.pmid: 9780295
references.citation: Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006 Jun;3(4):364-72
references.pmid: 16738202
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1994 Apr;93(4):1860-3
references.pmid: 8163685
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2000 Jan;156(1):269-78
references.pmid: 10623675
references.citation: Chest. 2008 Jul;134(1):192-5
references.pmid: 18628224
references.citation: Chest. 1991 Mar;99(3 Suppl):57S-60S
references.pmid: 1997277
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008 Jun;294(6):L1119-26
references.pmid: 18390830
references.citation: Thorax. 2007 Mar;62(3):248-52
references.pmid: 17099078
references.citation: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2007 Dec;293(6):L1395-405
references.pmid: 17890326
references.citation: Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009 May 1;6(3):272-7
references.pmid: 19387029
references.citation: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 May;38(5):551-8
references.pmid: 18096869
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):136-51
references.pmid: 11177318
references.citation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Apr;157(4 Pt 1):1301-15
references.pmid: 9563754