title: Diabetes and insulin resistance in pediatric obesity.
abstract: Over the past 2 decades, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents has risen to epidemic proportions and disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, who are at greater risk. The pathophysiology of T2DM is complex and involves insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and visceral adiposity. Current treatments of T2DM are limited to lifestyle intervention, metformin, and insulin therapy; use of these strategies in combination is often most effective. The role of research is to uncover simple biomarkers for insulin sensitivity and optimal and innovative treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caprio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*