title: Potential role for elevated maternal enzymatic antioxidant status in Andean protection against altitude-associated SGA.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the uteroplacental ischemia characteristic of preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, both of which are more common at high (>2500 m) vs low altitude. Since Andeans are protected relative to Europeans from the altitude-associated rise in SGA, we asked whether alterations in maternal antioxidant status or oxidative stress contributed to their protection. Enzymatic antioxidant (erythrocyte catalase and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) activity and a plasma marker of lipid peroxidation (8-iso-PGF2α) were measured during pregnancy and in the non-pregnant state in Andean or European residents of low (400 m) or high altitude (3600-4100 m). Pregnancy and altitude increased catalase and/or SOD activity to a greater extent in Andeans than Europeans. 8-iso-PGF2α levels were independent of altitude and pregnancy. SOD was lower in mothers of SGA infants at weeks 20 and 36. Our findings are consistent with the possibility that elevated enzymatic antioxidant activity contributes to Andean protection against altitude-associated SGA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA. colleen.julian@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Colleen Glyde
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Vaughn A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Megan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Abigail W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bigham
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Joe M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.forename: Lorna G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001838:Bolivia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005843:Geography; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004798:Enzymes
references.citation: Hum Reprod Update. 2006 Nov-Dec;12(6):747-55
references.pmid: 16682385
references.citation: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005 Mar 1;119(1):60-6
references.pmid: 15734086
references.citation: Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004 Jan;75(1):16-22
references.pmid: 14736128
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1952 Mar;195(1):133-40
references.pmid: 14938361
references.citation: BJOG. 2009 May;116(6):780-8
references.pmid: 19432566
references.citation: Pediatr Res. 2001 Apr;49(4):490-4
references.pmid: 11264431
references.citation: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008 May;138(1):39-44
references.pmid: 17826887
references.citation: Hum Genomics. 2009 Dec;4(2):79-90
references.pmid: 20038496
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2007 Mar;53(3):489-97
references.pmid: 17259231
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Oct 15;47(8):1101-7
references.pmid: 19647073
references.citation: Placenta. 2005 Jan;26(1):53-8
references.pmid: 15664411
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Jan 15;42(2):165-74
references.pmid: 17189822
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Jul;79(1):7-14
references.pmid: 7559250
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):R1564-75
references.pmid: 19244584
references.citation: Biol Chem. 2004 Mar-Apr;385(3-4):249-57
references.pmid: 15134338
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Jun 1;38(11):1537-41
references.pmid: 15890628
references.citation: Placenta. 2007 Aug-Sep;28(8-9):846-53
references.pmid: 17292468
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1997 Jun;87(6):1003-7
references.pmid: 9224184
references.citation: Nutr Health. 2001;15(3-4):207-12
references.pmid: 12003086
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Sep;293(3):R1313-24
references.pmid: 17581833
references.citation: Hum Genomics. 2005 Jun;2(2):81-9
references.pmid: 16004724
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol. 1982 May;59(5):624-32
references.pmid: 7070736
references.citation: Placenta. 2003 Apr;24 Suppl A:S86-93
references.pmid: 12852418
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 May;180(5):1161-8
references.pmid: 10329872
references.citation: Am J Hum Biol. 2001 Sep-Oct;13(5):635-44
references.pmid: 11505472
references.citation: Hum Biol. 1989 Apr;61(2):159-77
references.pmid: 2767668
references.citation: Pediatr Res. 2003 Jul;54(1):20-5
references.pmid: 12700368
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 Apr 8;367(9517):1145-54
references.pmid: 16616557
references.citation: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007 Sep;92(5):F372-7
references.pmid: 17329275