title: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo showing sequential translations of four types of nystagmus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) showing sequential translation of four types of nystagmus and discuss its pathophysiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case was 65-year-old female. We analyzed her nystagmus three-dimensionally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the first visit, she showed vertical-torsio nystagmus of the posterior canal type of BPPV (P-BPPV) and subsequently showed recently reported geotropic nystagmus with a long time constant. Two weeks later, she showed apogeotropic nystagmus of the horizontal canal type of BPPV (AH-BPPV) and subsequently a geotropic nystagmus with a short time constant of the horizontal canal type of BPPV (GH-BPPV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three kind of nystagmus, namely P-BPPV, AH-BPPV and GH-BPPV can be explained by the otoconial debris hypothesis of the same ear. Finally, the recently reported geotropic nystagmus with a long time constant may be explained by a reversible lesion such as the denatured cupula or utricular imbalance of the same ear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan. imaitakao@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Suetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiike
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashi-Shingai
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inohara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D065635:Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012399:Rotation; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014717:Vertigo / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*