title: Towards the prevention of potential aluminum toxic effects and an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: In 1991, treatment with low dose intramuscular desferrioxamine (DFO), a trivalent chelator that can remove excessive iron and/or aluminum from the body, was reported to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by a factor of two. Twenty years later this promising trial has not been followed up and why this treatment worked still is not clear. In this critical interdisciplinary review, we provide an overview of the complexities of AD and involvement of metal ions, and revisit the neglected DFO trial. We discuss research done by us and others that is helping to explain involvement of metal ion catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of AD, and emerging strategies for inhibition of metal-ion toxicity. Highlighted are insights to be considered in the quests to prevent potentially toxic effects of aluminum toxicity and prevention and intervention in AD.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Laboratory, Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2C2. maire.percy@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Maire E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Percy
authors.forename: Theo P A
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kruck
authors.forename: Aileen I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Pogue
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lukiw
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017262:Siderophores / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017262:Siderophores; D000535:Aluminum; D003676:Deferoxamine
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