title: Novel anti-inflammatory effects of repaglinide in rodent models of inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repaglinide is an FDA-approved treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The anti-inflammatory effect of repaglinide in the absence of diabetes has not been reported previously. It is the objective of this set of studies to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of repaglinide.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of repaglinide were studied in two different models of delay type hyperreactivity (DTH) response induced by sheep red blood cells (sRBC) and 2,5'-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), and in two different rodent models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mice systemically sensitized with sRBC, which subsequently received a local injection of sRBC in the footpad, local swelling occurred within 24 h after challenge. Repaglinide was efficacious in attenuating this response. In an orthogonal DTH model using DNFB as the antigen, the animals received topical sensitization with DNFB on their shaved backs, followed by topical challenge on the left ears. Repaglinide efficaciously downregulated the resulting ear swelling response. In mice challenged systemically or intratracheally with LPS, repaglinide significantly decreased serum tumor necrosis factor α level and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid MCP-1 levels, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This set of data suggests novel anti-inflammatory effects of repaglinide in nondiabetic animals. However, the high dose required for an efficacious effect would make this application impractical in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: BioMed Valley Discoveries, Kansas City, Mo. 64111, USA. dtung@biomed-valley.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ciallella
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene / Q000009:adverse effects; D004423:Ear / Q000473:pathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012756:Sheep / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002219:Carbamates; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010880:Piperidines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C072379:repaglinide; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene