title: Factors that influence mammography use and breast cancer detection among Mexican-American and African-American women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined factors that influence mammography use and breast cancer detection, including education, health insurance, and acculturation, among Mexican-American (MA) and African-American (AA) women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 670 breast cancer cases (388 MAs and 282 AAs), aged 40-86 years at diagnosis. Data on mammography use, detection, and delay in seeking care were collected via questionnaires and medical records. Using a language-based bidimensional acculturation measure, MAs were classified as English-dominant (n = 67), bilingual (n = 173), and Spanish-dominant (n = 148). Mammography prior to diagnosis was assessed by racial/ethnic acculturation subgroup using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In age-adjusted models, mammography use was non-significantly lower among English-dominant (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.45-1.59) and bilingual (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.55-1.35) MAs and significantly lower among Spanish-dominant MAs (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34-0.83) than among AA women. After adjustment for education or insurance, there was no difference in mammography use by race/ethnicity and acculturation subgroup. Despite high self-reported mammography use (75%), a large proportion of cases reported self-detection (59%) and delay in seeking care >90 days (17%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings favor promoting culturally appropriate messaging about the benefits and limitations of mammography, education about breast awareness, and prompt reporting of findings to a health professional.
authors.affiliation: Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5024, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel Zenuk
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Jesse N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nodora
authors.forename: Ian K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Komenaka
authors.forename: Abenaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brewster
authors.forename: Giovanna I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Betsy C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bondy
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2009 Nov 17;151(10):716-26, W-236
references.pmid: 19920272
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Oct 7;101(19):1337-47
references.pmid: 19720966
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2010 Mar-Apr;60(2):99-119
references.pmid: 20228384
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Mar;19(3):640-7
references.pmid: 20200436
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2000 Oct;15(5):559-68
references.pmid: 11184215
references.citation: J Rural Health. 2009 Winter;25(1):85-92
references.pmid: 19166566
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Mar;68(5):832-9
references.pmid: 19152992
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2006 May-Jun;56(3):168-83
references.pmid: 16737949
references.citation: Ann Fam Med. 2005 May-Jun;3(3):235-41
references.pmid: 15928227
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Dec;19(10):1349-55
references.pmid: 18819011
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1996 Jul;86(7):1016-21
references.pmid: 8669504
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2008 May 10;8:131
references.pmid: 18471303
references.citation: Cancer. 2004 Apr 15;100(8):1595-604
references.pmid: 15073845
references.citation: Cancer. 2003 Jan 1;97(1 Suppl):258-72
references.pmid: 12491490
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 27;353(17):1773-83
references.pmid: 16169887
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 07;(4):CD001877
references.pmid: 19821284
references.citation: Ann Fam Med. 2008 Mar-Apr;6(2):131-7
references.pmid: 18332405
references.citation: J Immigr Minor Health. 2011 Apr;13(2):244-52
references.pmid: 19639411
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2004 Aug;94(8):1393-8
references.pmid: 15284049
references.citation: Cancer. 2007 Jun 1;109(11):2205-12
references.pmid: 17471486
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2004 Sep;59(5):973-86
references.pmid: 15186898
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2006 Apr 18;144(8):541-53
references.pmid: 16618951
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Jul;18(7):2022-9
references.pmid: 19549806
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2001 Jul;53(1):41-53
references.pmid: 11386307
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res. 2005;7(6):258-65
references.pmid: 16457701
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Dec 3;100(23):1724-33
references.pmid: 19033562
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010 Oct;19(10):2453-60
references.pmid: 20841385
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Oct 6;96(19):1432-40
references.pmid: 15467032
references.citation: Cancer. 2005 Sep 15;104(6):1149-57
references.pmid: 16088887
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Apr 3;353(9159):1119-26
references.pmid: 10209974
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009 Oct;18(10):1585-894
references.pmid: 19754247
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2009 Jan-Feb;59(1):27-41
references.pmid: 19147867
references.citation: Prev Med. 2002 Nov;35(5):463-73
references.pmid: 12431895
references.citation: Cancer. 2005 Jun 1;103(11):2209-15
references.pmid: 15822119
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Oct;69(7):983-91
references.pmid: 19525050
references.citation: Cancer. 2011 Jan 15;117(2):390-7
references.pmid: 21319396
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2010 Apr 16;10:144
references.pmid: 20398358
references.citation: Hum Pathol. 2004 Oct;35(10):1252-9
references.pmid: 15492993
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2009 Nov 17;151(10):727-37, W237-42
references.pmid: 19920273
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2010 Jan;100(1):18-23
references.pmid: 19910358
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Jun;19(6):1097-107
references.pmid: 20507210
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2004 Feb;19(2):184-94
references.pmid: 15009798
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010 Feb;19(2):203-7
references.pmid: 20109117
references.citation: Cancer. 2008 Jan 15;112(2):399-406
references.pmid: 18072272
references.citation: Cancer. 2003 Mar 15;97(6):1528-40
references.pmid: 12627518
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2006 Dec;96(12):2165-72
references.pmid: 17077392
references.citation: Cancer Control. 2007 Oct;14(4):369-79
references.pmid: 17914337
references.citation: Ethn Dis. 2003 Fall;13(4):477-84
references.pmid: 14632267
references.citation: J Community Health. 2003 Oct;28(5):303-16
references.pmid: 14535597
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2005 Aug;95(8):1410-6
references.pmid: 16043670
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1995;(18):41-7
references.pmid: 8562221
references.citation: J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2007 Nov;18(4 Suppl):130-45
references.pmid: 18065856
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 27;353(17):1784-92
references.pmid: 16251534
references.citation: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(2):CD003373
references.pmid: 12804462
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 Mar 16;97(6):439-48
references.pmid: 15770008
references.citation: J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2010 May;21(2):475-88
references.pmid: 20453351
references.citation: JAMA. 2006 Jun 7;295(21):2492-502
references.pmid: 16757721