title: The Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 conjugates isoleucic acid and modulates plant defense and senescence.
abstract: Plants coordinate and tightly regulate pathogen defense by the mostly antagonistic salicylate (SA)- and jasmonate (JA)-mediated signaling pathways. Here, we show that the previously uncharacterized glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is a novel player in this SA-JA signaling crosstalk. UGT76B1 was selected as the top stress-induced isoform among all 122 members of the Arabidopsis thaliana UGT family. Loss of UGT76B1 function leads to enhanced resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and accelerated senescence but increased susceptibility toward necrotrophic Alternaria brassicicola. This is accompanied by constitutively elevated SA levels and SA-related marker gene expression, whereas JA-dependent markers are repressed. Conversely, UGT76B1 overexpression has the opposite effect. Thus, UGT76B1 attenuates SA-dependent plant defense in the absence of infection, promotes the JA response, and delays senescence. The ugt76b1 phenotypes were SA dependent, whereas UGT76B1 overexpression indicated that this gene possibly also has a direct effect on the JA pathway. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis of UGT76B1 knockout and overexpression lines using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and activity assays with the recombinant enzyme led to the ab initio identification of isoleucic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methyl-pentanoic acid) as a substrate of UGT76B1. Exogenously applied isoleucic acid increased resistance against P. syringae infection. These findings indicate a novel link between amino acid-related molecules and plant defense that is mediated by small-molecule glucosylation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: von Saint Paul
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Basem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kanawati
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geist
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Faus-Kessler
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Kopplin
authors.forename: Anton R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Schäffner
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics; D000528:Alternaria / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010421:Pentanoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005819:Genetic Markers; D054883:Oxylipins; D010421:Pentanoic Acids; C035865:2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid; C011006:jasmonic acid; D016695:Glycosyltransferases; C574401:UGT76B1 protein, Arabidopsis; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D020156:Salicylic Acid
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