title: Experimental SSM-CVB3 infection in macaques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pathogenicity of SSM-CVB3 in a macaque model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical symptoms of macaques were recorded; hematological, biochemical and histopathological evaluations were completed; viral titers and neutralization titers (NT-titers) in sera were tested; and the mRNA levels of SSM-CVB3, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and decay accelerating factor (DAF) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After SSM-CVB3 infection, the macaques showed a lack of activity, a poor appetite, a higher body temperature, and severe diarrhea. The macaques also developed hematuria and albuminuria at 4 to 10 days post-inoculation. Virus titers (5.1-6.5 LogTCID(50)/mL) were higher at 6 to 10 days post-inoculation, and NT-titers (6.5-7.3 Log2) reached plateaus at 8 to 14 days post-inoculation. The infected macaques developed serious anemia with decreased RBC and WBC, but the percentages of LYM were increased. The levels of CK, CK-MB, AST and ALT in the sera were 84-169 U/L, 87.6-271.1 U/L, 43-87 U/L and 43-82 U/L, respectively, and all of those were higher than normal. Histological analysis showed obvious cardiac, hepatic and renal damages in the infected macaques and the mRNA contents of SSM-CVB3, CAR and DAF in the heart, liver and kidneys of infected macaques were higher (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was the first report on experimental SSM-CVB3 infections in macaques with serious hepatic and renal damage, except for myocarditis. The information obtained from this study suggests that the SSM-CVB3 strain and this macaque model could be used for studying CVB3-induced cardiac, hepatic or renal diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. hts-820228@163.com
authors.forename: Tiesuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Deguang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chenchen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Huijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xianying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Xijuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D000740:Anemia; D000818:Animals; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D003967:Diarrhea; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria; D006801:Humans; D008251:Macaca / Q000821:virology*; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics; D014709:Vero Cells; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D018958:CD55 Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011991:Receptors, Virus; C085301:adenovirus receptor