title: Swim training does not protect mice from skeletal muscle oxidative damage following a maximum exercise test.
abstract: We investigated whether swim training protects skeletal muscle from oxidative damage in response to a maximum progressive exercise. First, we investigated the effect of swim training on the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the gastrocnemius muscle of C57Bl/6 mice, 48 h after the last training session. Mice swam for 90 min, twice a day, for 5 weeks at 31°C (± 1°C). The activities of SOD and CAT were increased in trained mice (P < 0.05) compared to untrained group. However, no effect of training was observed in the activity of GPx. In a second experiment, trained and untrained mice were submitted to a maximum progressive swim test. Compared to control mice (untrained, not acutely exercised), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased in the skeletal muscle of both trained and untrained mice after maximum swim. The activity of GPx was increased in the skeletal muscle of both trained and untrained mice, while SOD activity was increased only in trained mice after maximum swimming. CAT activity was increased only in the untrained compared to the control group. Although the trained mice showed increased activity of citrate synthase in skeletal muscle, swim performance was not different compared to untrained mice. Our results show an imbalance in the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in response to swim training, which could account for the oxidative damage observed in the skeletal muscle of trained mice in response to maximum swim, resulting in the absence of improved exercise performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological, Environmental and Health Sciences, University Center of Belo Horizonte, Prof. Mario Werneck Av, 1685, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30455-610, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Oliveira
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Lorena Sabino
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cleto
authors.forename: Carolina Rosa
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gioda
authors.forename: Renata Sabino
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Campi-Azevedo
authors.forename: Junia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Sousa-Franco
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Magalhães
authors.forename: Claudia Lopes
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Penaforte
authors.forename: Kelerson Mauro de Castro
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Jader dos Santos
authors.initials: Jdos S
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Etel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha-Vieira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010088:Oxidoreductases
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