title: Anesthetic efficacy of four percent articaine for pulpal anesthesia by using inferior alveolar nerve block and buccal infiltration techniques in patients with irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was designed as a randomized double-blind trial to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and infiltration anesthetic techniques to anesthetize mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was composed of 2 test arms and 1 control arm. Subjects in the test arms received either a standard IANB or a buccal infiltration (B Infil) of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, whereas the subjects in the control arm received a standard IANB of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Subject's self-reported pain response was recorded on Heft Parker Visual Analogue Scale after local anesthetic administration during access preparation and pulp extirpation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For statistical analysis Pearson χ(2), Student's paired t test, 1-way analysis of variance, and Friedman tests showed no significant difference in success rates among the 3 arms of the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although B Infil and IANB of 4% articaine were equally effective, B Infil can be considered a viable alterative in IANB for pulpal anesthesia in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, India. poorniis@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poorni
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Veniashok
authors.forename: Ayyampudur Durairaj
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Senthilkumar
authors.forename: Rajamani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Indira
authors.forename: Sundararaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002610:Cheek / Q000294:innervation*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000294:innervation*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011670:Pulpectomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D011671:Pulpitis / Q000628:therapy*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine; D004837:Epinephrine