title: Reduced prefrontal oxygenation during object and spatial visual working memory in unpolar and bipolar depression.
abstract: Altered prefrontal brain activity (e.g. hypofrontality) during cognitive tasks such as working memory is a core neuroimaging marker in unipolar (UNI) and bipolar (BI) depression. The present study investigated for the first time UNI (n=16) and BI patients (n=14) in a working memory task including different processes (storage and matching) and components (object and spatial visual) with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) over the prefrontal cortex. In healthy controls (n=15) comparable to both patient groups, changes of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin indicated increased ventro-lateral, dorso-lateral prefrontal and superior frontal cortex activity for object and spatial visual working memory storage as compared to the control condition. In contrast, both patient groups showed diminished brain activity in all working memory conditions. Results revealed unspecific deficits that did not allow the differentiation between unipolar and bipolar depression in dependence of working memory processes or components. However, fNIRS can be considered as a valid, easy manageable, low cost and rapid tool for measuring (diminished) prefrontal cortex functions.
authors.affiliation: University of Regensburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Regensburg, Germany; University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany; University of Würzburg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: martin.schecklmann@medbo.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schecklmann
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dresler
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: Missionsärztliche Klinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Johanna T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Febres
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haeusler
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tomasz A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Jarczok
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Plichta
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany; University of Tübingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ann-Christine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ehlis
authors.affiliation: University of Würzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Würzburg, Germany; University of Tübingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fallgatter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011930:Reaction Time; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins