title: Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka).
abstract: This article focuses on the genuineness assessment of Lime oils (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka), by Multi Dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) to determine the enantiomeric distribution of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the isotopic ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, germacrene B. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt to assess the authenticity and differentiate Persian Lime from Key lime oils by GC-C-IRMS. The results of the two analytical approaches were compared. The simultaneous use of the two techniques provides more reliable capability to detect adulteration in Citrus essential oils. In fact, in some circumstance only one of the two techniques allows to discriminate adulterated or contaminated oils. In cases where only small anomalies are detected by the two techniques due to subtle adulterations, their synergic use allows to express judgments. The advantage of both techniques is the low number of components the analyst must evaluate, reducing the complexity of the data necessary to deal with. Moreover, the conventional analytical approach based on the evaluation of the whole volatile fraction can fail to reveal the quality of the oils, if the adulteration is extremely subtle.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy. ivabonaccorsi@unime.it
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonaccorsi
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sciarrone
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schipilliti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dugo
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mondello
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dugo
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D032082:Citrus aurantiifolia / Q000737:chemistry*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils