title: Effect of GDF-5 and BMP-2 on the expression of tendo/ligamentogenesis-related markers in human PDL-derived cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 on human periodontal ligament-derived cells was investigated with special reference to tendo/ligamentogenesis-related markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of each factor were analyzed by quantitative PCR for scleraxis and tenomodulin and by western blotting for scleraxis. After exposure to those factors, STRO-1-positive and STRO-1-negative fractions of human periodontal ligament tissues were isolated with an immunomagnetic cell sorting system, and the expression of scleraxis in each fraction was analyzed by western blotting. Non-separated crude cells were used as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth differentiation factor 5 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 did not increase alkaline phosphatase activity in crude periodontal ligament-derived cells. Growth differentiation factor 5, but not bone morphogenetic protein 2, increased the expression of scleraxis in crude, STRO-1-positive and STRO-1-negative periodontal ligament-derived cells. The expression of scleraxis in STRO-1-positive periodontal ligament-derived cells was significantly less compared to that in crude P2 and STRO-1-negative periodontal ligament-derived cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth differentiation factor 5 induced the expression of scleraxis and may enhance tendo/ligamentogenesis in human periodontal ligament-derived cells. The expression of scleraxis was higher in STRO-1-negative fraction, suggesting more differentiated state of the cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebisawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itaya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamawaki-Ogata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumita
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wadagaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kagami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D055428:Growth Differentiation Factor 5; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525894:Gdf5 protein, mouse; C093504:SCX protein, human; C525591:STRO-1 antigen, human; C422444:TNMD protein, human