title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in women in Benin, West Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical cancer ranks as the first most frequent cancer among women in Benin. The major cause of cervical cancer now recognized is persistent infection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV). In Benin there is a lack of screening programs for prevention of cervical cancer and little information exists regarding HPV genotype distribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical cells from 725 women were examined for the presence of viral DNA by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex-based assay with the amplification of a fragment of L1 region and of E6/E7 region of the HPV genome, and of abnormal cytology by Papanicolaou method. The association between HPV status and Pap test reports was evaluated. Socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics were also related.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 different HPV types were identified, with a prevalence of 33.2% overall, and 52% and 26.7% among women with and without cervical lesions, respectively. Multiple HPV infections were observed in 40.2% of HPV-infected women. In the HPV-testing group, the odds ratio for the detection of abnormal cytology was 2.98 (95% CI, 1.83-4.84) for HPV positive in comparison to HPV negative women. High risk types were involved in 88% of infections, most notably HPV-59, HPV-35, HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-58 and HPV-45. In multiple infections of women with cytological abnormalities HPV-45 predominated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first estimates of the prevalence of HPV and type-specific distribution among women from Benin and demonstrates that the epidemiology of HPV infection in Benin is different from that of other world regions. Specific area vaccinations may be needed to prevent cervical cancer and the other HPV-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. fpiras@unica.it
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piga
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Montis
authors.forename: Ahissou R F
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zannou
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minerba
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Perra
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murtas
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atzori
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pittau
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maxia
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sirigu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001541:Benin / Q000453:epidemiology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins
references.citation: Virol J. 2010 Aug 25;7:201
references.pmid: 20738861
references.citation: Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487-91
references.pmid: 2448875
references.citation: Lancet. 2007 Sep 8;370(9590):890-907
references.pmid: 17826171
references.citation: Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2003 Aug;127(8):940-5
references.pmid: 12873165
references.citation: J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2007 Oct;11(4):201-22
references.pmid: 17917566
references.citation: Lancet. 2005 Sep 17-23;366(9490):991-8
references.pmid: 16168781
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 May;14(5):1157-64
references.pmid: 15894666
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug 21;359(8):861-2
references.pmid: 18716305
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Apr 24;287(16):2114-9
references.pmid: 11966386
references.citation: Infect Agent Cancer. 2008 Dec 16;3:14
references.pmid: 19087272
references.citation: Arch Med Res. 2009 Aug;40(6):428-34
references.pmid: 19853182
references.citation: Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Jul;7(7):453-9
references.pmid: 17597569
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 2;360(14):1385-94
references.pmid: 19339719
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2006 Aug 7;95(3):355-62
references.pmid: 16832413
references.citation: J Clin Virol. 2009 Nov;46 Suppl 3:S1-4
references.pmid: 20129067
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 1998 Jan;51(1):38-43
references.pmid: 9577370
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Jul 17-23;364(9430):249-56
references.pmid: 15262102
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 16;354(11):1110
references.pmid: 16540609
references.citation: Int J Dermatol. 2010 Apr;49(4):377-9
references.pmid: 20465688
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Apr 24;287(16):2120-9
references.pmid: 11966387
references.citation: Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(10):954-62
references.pmid: 11693978
references.citation: Infect Agent Cancer. 2007 Jan 03;2:1
references.pmid: 17201927
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2004 Feb 9;90(3):638-45
references.pmid: 14760378
references.citation: Vaccine. 2008 Aug 19;26 Suppl 10:K1-16
references.pmid: 18847553
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2006 Dec 4;95(11):1459-66
references.pmid: 17117182
references.citation: Discov Med. 2010 Jul;10(50):7-17
references.pmid: 20670593
references.citation: Sex Transm Dis. 2003 Oct;30(10):788-93
references.pmid: 14520179
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2003 Jul 7;89(1):101-5
references.pmid: 12838308
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 1995 Apr;76 ( Pt 4):1057-62
references.pmid: 9049358
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2003 Jan 13;88(1):63-73
references.pmid: 12556961