title: 3D imaging of biofilms on implants by detection of scattered light with a scanning laser optical tomograph.
abstract: Biofilms - communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces - are a constant threat for long-term success in modern implantology. The application of laser scanning microscopy (LSM) has increased the knowledge about microscopic properties of biofilms, whereas a 3D imaging technique for the large scale visualization of bacterial growth and migration on curved and non-transparent surfaces is not realized so far.Towards this goal, we built a scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) setup detecting scattered laser light to image biofilm on dental implant surfaces. SLOT enables the visualization of living biofilms in 3D by detecting the wavelength-dependent absorption of non-fluorescent stains like e.g. reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) accumulated within metabolically active bacterial cells. Thus, the presented system allows the large scale investigation of vital biofilm structure and in vitro development on cylindrical and non-transparent objects without the need for fluorescent vital staining. We suggest SLOT to be a valuable tool for the structural and volumetric investigation of biofilm formation on implants with sizes up to several millimeters.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidrich
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kühnel
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: Raoul-Amadeus
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lorbeer
authors.forename: Tineke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stiesch
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heisterkamp
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