title: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2-3% of all adult malignancies worldwide, and around 30% of patients with the condition present with advanced or metastatic disease.1,2 Until recently, cytokine therapy (e.g. interleukin-2 or interferon-alfa) was the standard treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma but provided only a small survival advantage (e.g. extending life by a median of 2.5 months).3 A key development has been the introduction of drugs known as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which include ▾sunitinib (Sutent-Pfizer), ▾sorafenib (Nexavar-Bayer) and ▾pazopanib (Votrient-GlaxoSmithKline). Here we review the evidence on the efficacy, tolerability and cost-effectiveness of these treatments in renal cell carcinoma.
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles; D007211:Indoles / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077210:Sunitinib; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007191:Indazoles; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; C516667:pazopanib; D000077157:Sorafenib; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000077210:Sunitinib