title: Cold-shock domain family member YB-1 expression in endometrium and endometriosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Y-box-binding protein (YB-1) is described as a potential oncogene highly expressed in tumors and associated with increased cell survival, proliferation, migration and anti-apoptotic signaling. The aim of our study was to examine the expression and role of YB-1 in human endometriosis (Eo) and its association with cell survival, proliferation and invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the gene and protein expression levels of YB-1 by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunoassays, respectively, in peritoneal macrophages, ovarian endometrioma and eutopic endometrial tissues/cells derived from women with (n= 120) and without (n= 91) Eo. We also evaluated the functional consequences of YB-1 knockdown in the Z12 Eo cell line by measuring cell proliferation [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid cell proliferation assay], invasion (Matrigel invasion assay) and spontaneous and tumour necrosis factor (TNFα)-induced RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted chemokine) expression and apoptosis (ELISA-based assay).
  
  
  RESULTS
  YB-1 gene and protein expression was statistically significantly higher in ovarian lesions, eutopic endometrium and peritoneal macrophages of patients with Eo in comparison with the control group. Interestingly, the strongest YB-1 expression was observed in the epithelial compartment of endometrial tissues. In the Z12 cell line, YB-1 knockdown resulted in significant cell growth inhibitory effects including reduced cell proliferation and increased rates of spontaneous and TNFα-induced apoptosis. Significantly, higher RANTES expression and decreased cell invasion in vitro were also associated with YB-1 inactivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High YB-1 expression could have an impact on the development and progression of Eo. This study suggests the role of YB-1 as a potential therapeutic target for Eo patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,  University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburgerallee 160, 23538 Luebeck,  Germany.
authors.forename: C G T
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krampe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruhland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007797:Laminin / Q000737:chemistry; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051840:Y-Box-Binding Protein 1; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen