title: Using of WHO guidelines for the management of severe malnutrition to cases of marasmus and kwashiorkor in a Colombia children's hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2007, the Hospital Infantil Los Ángeles (HILA) in Colombia implemented a slightly-modified version of the WHO guidelines for the diagnosis and management of malnutrition during childhood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of the WHO-HILA protocol in children hospitalized with severe, chronic marasmus and kwashiorkor malnutrition (MS-KWK) in 2007 and 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this descriptive retrospective study the records of 100 children hospitalized with MSKWK were initially evaluated. Of these, 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria: children of both sexes with a primary diagnosis of MS-KWK. Patients with any chronic disease liable to cause malnutrition were excluded. Anthropometric parameters, clinical signs and biochemical indicators of malnutrition were assessed upon admission and again at discharge following application of the WHO guidelines. Univariate analysis was performed for each study variable; serum hemoglobin and albumin levels on admission and at discharge were compared, and data were subjected to bivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marasmus was diagnosed in 23.3% of children, kwashiorkor in 73.3% and marasmic kwashiorkor in 3.3%. The major clinical findings were: edema (70%), emaciation (40%), "flag sign" hair (42.86%), low serum albumin (93%) and anemia (80%). Thirteen children following the WHO-HILA protocol showed a significant nutritional status improvement (p<0.05), whereas no improvement was noted in the 17 children not treated according to the protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of the WHO-HILA protocol was associated with reduced morbimortality in children with marasmus-kwashiorkor malnutrition. Implementation of this protocol should therefore be considered in all children´s hospitals in countries where this disease is prevalent.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Hospital Los Angeles, and University of Nariño, Pasto, Colombia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramírez Prada
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hidalgo Patiño
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gil Campos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003105:Colombia; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006197:Hair / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007732:Kwashiorkor / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012923:Social Class; D015430:Weight Gain; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D012709:Serum Albumin