title: Rejuvenation of periorbital area: treatment with an injectable nonanimal non-crosslinked glycerol added hyaluronic acid preparation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic approaches to aging of the periorbital region are unique because of the delicacy of the anatomical structures and the possibility of adverse events. The synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) and other components responsible for skin hydration and elasticity diminish with age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an injectable product containing non-crosslinked HA of nonanimal origin in association with glycerol to treat aging of the periorbital region.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot study in which 20 women were administered three monthly superficial intradermal injections of non-crosslinked HA of nonanimal origin containing glycerol in the periorbital area. The clinical results consisted of the evaluation of three researchers and an independent evaluator and the degree of posttreatment patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An improvement of between 25% and 50% in skin brightness, texture, and turgor was observed in the periorbital area. Papules were present after each application, and hematoma was the longest lasting effect. All adverse events were reversible and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injections of HA of nonanimal origin, in association with glycerol, using a micropuncture technique are well tolerated and can improve skin brightness and turgor and reduce roughness in the periorbital region.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabella Brasil
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Succi
authors.forename: Roberta Teixeira
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orofino-Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008875:Middle Aged; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015595:Skin Aging
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D005990:Glycerol