title: A rapid, sensitive, and selective method for quantitation of lamprey migratory pheromones in river water.
abstract: The methodology of using fish pheromones, or chemical signatures, as a tool to monitor or manage species of fish is rapidly gaining popularity. Unequivocal detection and accurate quantitation of extremely low concentrations of these chemicals in natural waters is paramount to using this technique as a management tool. Various species of lamprey are known to produce a mixture of three important migratory pheromones; petromyzonol sulfate (PS), petromyzonamine disulfate (PADS), and petromyzosterol disulfate (PSDS), but presently there are no established robust methods for quantitation of all three pheromones. In this study, we report a new, highly sensitive and selective method for the rapid identification and quantitation of these pheromones in river water samples. The procedure is based on pre-concentration, followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. The method is fast, with unambiguous pheromone determination. Practical quantitation limits of 0.25 ng/l were achieved for PS and PADS and 2.5 ng/l for PSDS in river water, using a 200-fold pre-concentration, However, lower quantitation limits can be achieved with greater pre-concentration. The methodology can be modified easily to include other chemicals of interest. Furthermore, the pre-concentration step can be applied easily in the field, circumventing potential stability issues of these chemicals.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand. m.stewart@niwa.co.nz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Cindy F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cooney
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D002776:Cholestanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002793:Cholic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007798:Lampreys; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002776:Cholestanes; D002793:Cholic Acids; D010675:Pheromones; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C507613:petromyzonamine disulfate; C507614:petromyzosterol disulfate; D014867:Water; C500317:petromyzonol sulfate
references.citation: J Chem Ecol. 2005 Sep;31(9):2205-10
references.pmid: 16132221
references.citation: Nat Chem Biol. 2005 Nov;1(6):324-8
references.pmid: 16408070
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 1;45(15):6437-43
references.pmid: 21711046
references.citation: J Chem Ecol. 2012 Feb;38(2):135-44
references.pmid: 22327275
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1998 Aug;8(4):458-67
references.pmid: 9751664