title: Gastroschisis: one year outcomes from national cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe one year outcomes for a national cohort of infants with gastroschisis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based cohort study of all liveborn infants with gastroschisis born in the United Kingdom and Ireland from October 2006 to March 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 28 paediatric surgical centres in the UK and Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  301 infants (77%) from an original cohort of 393.
  
  
  METHODS
  Duration of parenteral nutrition and stay in hospital; time to establish full enteral feeding; rates of intestinal failure, liver disease associated with intestinal failure, unplanned reoperation; case fatality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with infants with simple gastroschisis (intact, uncompromised, continuous bowel), those with complex gastroschisis (bowel perforation, necrosis, or atresia) took longer to reach full enteral feeding (median difference 21 days, 95% confidence interval 9 to 39 days); required a longer duration of parenteral nutrition (median difference 25 days, 9 to 46 days) and a longer stay in hospital (median difference 57 days, 29 to 95 days); were more likely to develop intestinal failure (81% (25 infants) v 41% (102); relative risk 1.96, 1.56 to 2.46) and liver disease associated with intestinal failure (23% (7) v 4% (11); 5.13, 2.15 to 12.3); and were more likely to require unplanned reoperation (42% (13) v 10% (24); 4.39, 2.50 to 7.70). Compared with infants managed with primary fascial closure, those managed with preformed silos took longer to reach full enteral feeding (median difference 5 days, 1 to 9) and had an increased risk of intestinal failure (52% (50) v 32% (38); 1.61, 1.17 to 2.24). Event rates for the other outcomes were low, and there were no other significant differences between these management groups. Twelve infants died (4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This nationally representative study provides a benchmark against which individual centres can measure outcome and performance. Stratifying neonates with gastroschisis into simple and complex groups reliably predicts outcome at one year. There is sufficient clinical equipoise concerning the initial management strategy to embark on a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing primary fascial closure with preformed silos in infants suitable at presentation for either treatment to determine the optimal initial management strategy and define algorithms of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bradnock
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marven
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kurinczuk
authors.forename: Patsy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spark
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
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