title: Modest reversal of metabolic syndrome manifestations with vitamin D status correction: a 12-month prospective study.
abstract: Numerous cross-sectional studies have noted significant negative associations between circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors, highlighting potential extraskeletal functions of this sterol hormone. Prospective studies, however, have been limited; and hence, no cause-and-effect relations can be inferred. This study aims to determine whether vitamin D status correction can reverse already established manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 59 adult nondiabetic, overweight, and obese Saudis (31 male, 28 female) were prospectively enrolled in this 1-year interventional study. Anthropometry and biochemical evaluation were performed, including determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and phosphorous concentrations, as well as fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. Subjects were advised to regularly expose themselves to sunlight and increase intake of vitamin D-rich foods. All measurements were repeated 6 and 12 months later. At the initial baseline visit, the prevalence of both low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension was significantly increased among patients with 25-vitamin D deficiency (P < .05), even after adjusting for sex and body mass index. Overall prevalence of MetS patients by the modified National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Adult Treatment Panel III definition decreased from 25.2% to 13.0%; and this was largely due to a parallel decrease in the prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension. Optimization of vitamin D status through sun exposure and increased intake of a vitamin D-rich diet can lead to an improved cardiometabolic profile, offering a promising nonpharmacologic approach in the prevention of MetS manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA. aldaghri2011@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alkharfy
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Al-Attas
authors.forename: Majed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Alokail
authors.forename: Abdulaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Othman
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moharram
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Kholie
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabico
authors.forename: Sudhesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D018912:Arabs; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013472:Sunlight; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D