title: An exploration of clinical decision-making among students and newly qualified midwives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to explore how midwifery students and newly qualified midwives learnt to make clinical decisions.
  
  
  METHODS
  an ethnographic approach was taken. Data collection methods included: 3 focus groups, 15 observations of practice and 27 interviews. The data analysis followed the principles of category and theme identification as described by Garner (1991) and Ely et al. (1997). Vignettes were created to represent the findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  the study took place in the School of Nursing Sciences and 2 NHS Trusts in the Eastern region of England. Participants included 36 midwifery students, 5 midwives who had been qualified for less than 1 year and 12 midwifery mentors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  decision-making was learnt primarily by working alongside midwifery mentors and through situated learning in practice. Decision-making was not necessarily a solo activity, it was common for midwives to use each other as a resource, which established there was a social dimension to midwifery decision-making. Learners had to navigate through workplace culture, which consisted of: the practices shared by some midwives and not others, covert rules of practice, midwifery and institutional authoritarianism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  learners need to work with mentors who actively encourage participation in decision-making and provide discussion and feedback on decision-making abilities. When a staged and active approach to decision-making is not provided this may have negative implications on the transition to qualified practitioner.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing Sciences, Edith Cavell Building, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK. nicki.young@uea.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003657:Decision Making; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008611:Mentors; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education*; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult