title: Calendar time trends in the incidence and prevalence of triple-class virologic failure in antiretroviral drug-experienced people with HIV in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increasing success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), virologic failure of the 3 original classes [triple-class virologic failure, (TCVF)] still develops in a small minority of patients who started therapy in the triple combination ART era. Trends in the incidence and prevalence of TCVF over calendar time have not been fully characterised in recent years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calendar time trends in the incidence and prevalence of TCVF from 2000 to 2009 were assessed in patients who started ART from January 1, 1998, and were followed within the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 91,764 patients followed for a median (interquartile range) of 4.1 (2.0-7.1) years, 2722 (3.0%) developed TCVF. The incidence of TCVF increased from 3.9 per 1000 person-years of follow-up [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.7 to 4.1] in 2000 to 8.8 per 1000 person-years of follow-up (95% CI: 8.5 to 9.0) in 2005, but then declined to 5.8 per 1000 person-years of follow-up (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.1) by 2009. The prevalence of TCVF was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.27% to 0.42%) at December 31, 2000, and then increased to 2.4% (95% CI: 2.24% to 2.50%) by the end of 2005. However, since 2005, TCVF prevalence seems to have stabilized and has remained below 3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of TCVF in people who started ART after 1998 has stabilized since around 2005, which most likely results from the decline in incidence of TCVF from this date. The introduction of improved regimens and better overall HIV care is likely to have contributed to these trends. Despite this progress, calendar trends should continue to be monitored in the long term.
authors.forename: Fumiyo
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authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Rebecca
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authors.lastname: Lodwick
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costagliola
authors.forename: Ard
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authors.lastname: van Sighem
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Podzamczer
authors.forename: Amanda
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authors.lastname: Mocroft
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ledergerber
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorrucci
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cozzi-Lepri
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masquelier
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wit
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Obel
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fätkenhaeuer
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sambatakou
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mussini
authors.forename: Jade
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghosn
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zangerle
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perez-Hoyos
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabre Colin
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chene
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grarup
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral