title: Inspiratory loading intensity does not influence lactate clearance during recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effects of different pressure threshold inspiratory loads on lactate clearance and plasma acid-base balance during recovery from maximal exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight moderately trained males (V˙O(2peak) = 4.29 ± 0.46 L·min⁻¹) performed, on different days, four maximal incremental cycling tests (power started at 0 W and increased by 20 W·min⁻¹) of identical duration (exercise time during the first trial was 16.32 ± 1.12 min). During 20-min recovery, subjects either rested passively or breathed through a constant pressure threshold inspiratory load of 10 (ITL10), 15 (ITL15), or 20 (ITL20) cm H2O. Plasma lactate concentration ([La⁻]) was measured, and acid-base balance was quantified using the physicochemical approach, which describes the dependency of [H⁺] on the three independent variables: strong ion difference ([Na⁺] + [K⁺] - [Cl⁻] + [La⁻]), the total concentration of weak acids, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak exercise responses were not significantly different between trials. During recovery, the area under the plasma [La] curve was not different between trials (pooled mean = 261 ± 60 mEq) and the [La] measured at the end of the 20-min recovery was also similar (passive recovery = 9.2 ± 3.1 mEq·L⁻¹, ITL10 = 9.3 ± 3.1 mEq·L⁻¹, ITL15 = 8.7 ± 2.8 mEq·L⁻¹, ITL20 = 8.7 ± 3.2 mEq·L⁻¹). Similarly, changes in other strong ions contributing to strong ion difference and total concentration of weak acids, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and, therefore, [H⁺] were not different between trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that, in individuals of moderate endurance training status, inspiratory loading at the intensities used in the present study does not accelerate lactate clearance or modify plasma acid-base balance during recovery from maximal exercise.
authors.affiliation: Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Michael.johnson@ntu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dean E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bayfield
authors.forename: Javier T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Graham R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sharpe
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid