title: Effect of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) phytochemicals on stable free radicals and human cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The commercial development of plants as sources of antioxidants that can be used to enhance the properties of foods, for nutritional purposes and preservation as well as for prevention of oxidation-related diseases, is currently of major interest. Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phytochemicals in rosehip tea were separated into three fractions: Fr1 (vitamin C, 39.17 mg kg(-1)), Fr2 (flavonoids, 451.05 µg kg(-1)) and Fr3 (phenolic acids, 504.69 µg kg(-1)). Quercetin and ellagic acid were the most abundant polyphenolic compounds. Rosehip fractions, primarily rosehip flavonoids (EC(50) = 49 mg L(-1)), showed high antioxidant activity towards 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH(•)). Cell growth effects of rosehip fractions were assessed in HeLa, MCF7 and HT-29 cell lines, with the lowest IC(50) values being determined for rosehip flavonoids, (80.63, 248.03 and 363.95 mg L(-1) respectively). However, the vitamin C fraction did not inhibit the growth of tested tumour cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study confirm that vitamin C and flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant activity of rosehip tea, while only polyphenols contribute to its antiproliferative activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied and Engineering Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia. vesnat@uns.ac.rs
authors.forename: Vesna T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Tumbas
authors.forename: Jasna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Canadanović-Brunet
authors.forename: Dragana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cetojević-Simin
authors.forename: Gordana S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cetković
authors.forename: Sonja M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ethilas
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gille
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis; D027826:Rosa / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D005609:Free Radicals; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D011794:Quercetin; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D001205:Ascorbic Acid