title: Percutaneous intervention of large bladder calculi in neuropathic voiding dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our results and rationale for treating large bladder calculi in patients with neuropathic voiding dysfunction (NVD) using percutaneous cystolithalopaxy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with a previously diagnosed NVD presenting with a large stone burden were identified from our department database and a retrospective review of case notes and imaging was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous access to remove bladder stones (range 8x7 to 3x2 cm) had a mean surgery length of 150 min and blood loss of 23 mL. Six of the seven patients treated percutaneously were discharged on the day of surgery and suffered no complications, while one patient experienced poor suprapubic tube drainage and required overnight admission with discharge the following day. Transurethral removal of stone burden (range 4x4 to 4x3 cm) had a mean surgery length of 111 min and blood loss of 8 mL. Each of these three patients were under our care for less than 23 hours, and one patient required a second attempt to remove 1x0.5 cm of stone fragments. There was no statistical difference between mean operative times and estimated blood loss, p = 0.5064 and p = 0.0944 respectively, for the two treatment methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small series, percutaneous cystolithalopaxy was a safe, effective, and often preferred minimally invasive option for removal of large calculi in patients with NVD. We suggest possible guidelines for best endoscopic approach in this population, although a larger and prospectively randomized series will be ideal for definitive conclusions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32209, USA.
authors.forename: Chad P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hubsher
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications*; D055815:Young Adult