title: Endogenous hydrogen peroxide is a key factor in the yeast extract-induced activation of biphenyl biosynthesis in cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia.
abstract: Biphenyls are unique phytoalexins produced by plants belonging to Pyrinae, a subtribe of the economically important Rosaceae family. The formation of aucuparin, a well-known biphenyl, is induced by yeast extract (YE) in cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying YE-induced activation of biphenyl biosynthesis remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that the addition of YE to the cell cultures results in a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS; H(2)O(2) and O(2)                                   (-)), followed by transcriptional activation of the biphenyl synthase 1 gene (BIS1) encoding the key enzyme of the biphenyl biosynthetic pathway and aucuparin accumulation. Pretreatment of the cell cultures with ROS scavenger dihydrolipoic acid and NADPH oxidase-specific inhibitor diphenylene iodonium abolished all of the above YE-induced biological events. However, when the cell cultures was pretreated with superoxide dismutase specific inhibitor N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid, although O(2)                                   (-) continued to be generated, the H(2)O(2) accumulation, BIS1 expression and aucuparin production were blocked. Interestingly, exogenous supply of H(2)O(2) in the range of 0.05-10 mM failed to induce aucuparin accumulation. These results indicate that endogenous generation of H(2)O(2) rather than that of O(2)                                   (-) is a key factor in YE-induced accumulation of biphenyl phytoalexins in cell cultures of S. aucuparia.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Caiyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Zhigao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hechun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ludger
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beerhues
authors.forename: Benye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D031994:Sorbus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry; D000094162:Phytoalexins
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D000094162:Phytoalexins; C010574:biphenyl
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