title: Dissecting the expression of EEF1A1/2 genes in human prostate cancer cells: the potential of EEF1A2 as a hallmark for prostate transformation and progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In prostate adenocarcinoma, the dissection of the expression behaviour of the eukaryotic elongation factors (eEF1A1/2) has not yet fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EEF1A1/A2 expressions were investigated by real-time PCR, western blotting (cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal/nuclear-enriched fractions) and immunofluorescence in the androgen-responsive LNCaP and the non-responsive DU-145 and PC-3 cells, displaying a low, moderate and high aggressive phenotype, respectively. Targeted experiments were also conducted in the androgen-responsive 22Rv1, a cell line marking the progression towards androgen-refractory tumour. The non-tumourigenic prostate PZHPV-7 cell line was the control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with PZHPV-7, cancer cells showed no major variations in EEF1A1 mRNA; eEF1A1 protein increased only in cytoskeletal/nuclear fraction. On the contrary, a significant rise of EEF1A2 mRNA and protein were found, with the highest levels detected in LNCaP. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A2 immunostaining confirmed the western blotting results. Pilot evaluation in archive prostate tissues showed the presence of EEF1A2 mRNA in near all neoplastic and perineoplastic but not in normal samples or in benign adenoma; in contrast, EEF1A1 mRNA was everywhere detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A2 switch-on, observed in cultured tumour prostate cells and in human prostate tumour samples, may represent a feature of prostate cancer; in contrast, a minor involvement is assigned to EEF1A1. These observations suggest to consider EEF1A2 as a marker for prostate cell transformation and/or possibly as a hallmark of cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Section, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri, 1, Trieste 34127, Italy. bscaggiante@units.it
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scaggiante
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dapas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zennaro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farra
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cristiano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siracusano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanconati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giansante
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassi
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C094814:EEF1A1 protein, human; C503234:EEF1A2 protein, human; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger
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