title: Focusing of longitudinal ultrasonic waves in air with an aperiodic flat lens.
abstract: Modeling and experimental results of an ultrasonic aperiodic flat lens for use in air are presented. Predictive modeling of the lens is performed using a hybrid genetic-greedy algorithm constrained to a linear structure. The optimized design parameters are used to fabricate a lens. A method combining a fiber-disk arrangement and scanning laser vibrometer measurements is developed to characterize the acoustic field distribution generated by the lens. The focal spot size is determined to be 0.88 of the incident wavelength of 80-90 kHz at a distance of 2.5 mm from the lens. Theoretically computed field distributions, optimized frequency of operation, and spatial resolution focal length are compared with experimental measurements. The differences between experimental measurements and the theoretical computations are analyzed. The theoretical calculation of the focal spot diameter is 1.7 mm which is 48% of the experimental measurement at a frequency of 80-90 kHz. This work illustrates the capabilities of a hybrid algorithm approach to design of flat acoustic lenses to operate in air with a resolution of greater than the incident wavelength and the challenges of characterizing acoustic field distribution in air.
authors.affiliation: Air Force Research Laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (AFRL/RXLP), 2230 Tenth Street, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA. John.Welter@wpafb.af.mil
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: Shamachary
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathish
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Brodrick
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Heebl
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cherry
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004867:Equipment Design; D007834:Lasers; D007909:Lenses; D016014:Linear Models; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009038:Motion; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D014159:Transducers; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014732:Vibration