title: Altered redox homeostasis in human diabetes saliva.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-epi-prostaglandin-F(2α) (8-epi-PGF2α), and total protein carbonyls were measured to assess whether DM is associated with altered salivary redox homeostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 215 patients with diabetes and 481 healthy controls were recruited from the Department of Endocrinology at the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. Levels of oxidative biomarkers were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in whole unstimulated saliva. Associations of the redox data with exposure to insulin, metformin and dietary control were assessed by logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed (i) significantly higher mean levels of 8-OHdG and protein carbonyls in whole unstimulated saliva of patients with diabetes compared to controls, (ii) higher mean levels of protein carbonyls in type 1 diabetes as well as higher mean levels of 8-OHdG and protein carbonyls in type 2 diabetes compared to controls, (iii) elevated levels of protein carbonyls in diet-controlled patients and in patients with diabetes on insulin and metformin, (iv) elevated levels of 8-OHdG in patients on metformin, and (v) significant associations between subjects with DM and salivary 8-OHdG and protein carbonyls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DM is associated with increased oxidative modification of salivary DNA and proteins. Salivary redox homeostasis is perturbed in DM and may inform on the presence of the disease and efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurotranslational Research, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Velly
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benarroch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trifiro
authors.forename: Hyman M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.forename: Mervyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gornitsky
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D008687:Metformin; D015237:Dinoprost; D003849:Deoxyguanosine