title: Genetic analysis and antigenic characterization of swine origin influenza viruses isolated from humans in the United States, 1990-2010.
abstract: Swine influenza viruses (SIV) have been recognized as important pathogens for pigs and occasional human infections with swine origin influenza viruses (SOIV) have been reported. Between 1990 and 2010, a total of twenty seven human cases of SOIV infections have been identified in the United States. Six viruses isolated from 1990 to 1995 were recognized as classical SOIV (cSOIV) A(H1N1). After 1998, twenty-one SOIV recovered from human cases were characterized as triple reassortant (tr_SOIV) inheriting genes from classical swine, avian and human influenza viruses. Of those twenty-one tr_SOIV, thirteen were of A(H1N1), one of A(H1N2), and seven of A(H3N2) subtype. SOIV characterized were antigenically and genetically closely related to the subtypes of influenza viruses circulating in pigs but distinct from contemporary influenza viruses circulating in humans. The diversity of subtypes and genetic lineages in SOIV cases highlights the importance of continued surveillance at the animal-human interface.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garten
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balish
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sessions
authors.forename: Varough
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deyde
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: LaShondra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klimov
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Xiyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001483:Base Sequence; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D057221:Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D009439:Neuraminidase