title: Circadian preference and sleep-wake regularity: associations with self-report sleep parameters in daytime-working adults.
abstract: The aim of this study was to explore how interindividual differences in circadian type (morningness) and sleep timing regularity might be related to subjective sleep quality and quantity. Self-report circadian phase preference, sleep timing, sleep quality, and sleep duration were assessed in a sample of 62 day-working adults (33.9% male, age 23?48 yrs). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) measured subjective sleep quality and the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (STQ) assessed habitual sleep latency and minutes awake after sleep onset. The duration, timing, and stability of sleep were assessed using the STQ separately for work-week nights (Sunday?Thursday) and for weekend nights (Friday and Saturday). Morningness-eveningness was assessed using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A morning-type orientation was associated with longer weekly sleep duration, better subjective sleep quality, and shorter sleep-onset latency. Stable weekday rise-time correlated with better self-reported sleep quality and shorter sleep-onset latency. A more regular weekend bedtime was associated with a shorter sleep latency. A more stable weekend rise-time was related to longer weekday sleep duration and lower daytime sleepiness. Increased overall regularity in rise-time was associated with better subjective sleep quality, shorter sleep-onset latency, and higher weekday sleep efficiency. Finally, a morning orientation was related to increased regularity in both bedtimes and rise-times. In conclusion, in daytime workers, a morning-type orientation and more stable sleep timing are associated with better subjective sleep quality. (Author correspondence:  asoehner@berkeley.edu ).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA. asoehner@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Adriane M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soehner
authors.forename: Kathy S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Timothy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Monk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057566:Self Report; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014937:Work; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: J Sleep Res. 1999 Dec;8(4):291-5
references.pmid: 10646169
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Oct;27(9-10):1797-812
references.pmid: 20969524
references.citation: Percept Mot Skills. 1998 Aug;87(1):199-215
references.pmid: 9760647
references.citation: J Sleep Res. 2005 Dec;14(4):447-53
references.pmid: 16364146
references.citation: Sleep. 2011 Feb 01;34(2):235-9
references.pmid: 21286245
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2006;23(3):623-37
references.pmid: 16753946
references.citation: Sleep. 2010 Apr;33(4):509-14
references.pmid: 20394320
references.citation: J Clin Sleep Med. 2007 Apr 15;3(3):289-94
references.pmid: 17561599
references.citation: Annu Rev Psychol. 2001;52:277-303
references.pmid: 11148307
references.citation: J Sleep Res. 1997 Dec;6(4):230-7
references.pmid: 9493522
references.citation: Sleep. 2005 Sep;28(9):1045-6
references.pmid: 16268371
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Aug;27(7):1469-92
references.pmid: 20795887
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2007;24(5):875-88
references.pmid: 17994343
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jul;27(5):1013-30
references.pmid: 20636213
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213
references.pmid: 2748771
references.citation: Sleep. 1996 Jun;19(5):432-41
references.pmid: 8843535
references.citation: Sleep. 2007 Nov;30(11):1445-59
references.pmid: 18041479
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2004 May;21(3):435-43
references.pmid: 15332448
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jul;27(5):1124-34
references.pmid: 20636220
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jul;27(5):997-1012
references.pmid: 20636212
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 1996 Nov 8;218(3):153-6
references.pmid: 8945751
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Apr 13;6(4):e18395
references.pmid: 21533241
references.citation: Sleep Med. 2007 Sep;8(6):602-12
references.pmid: 17383934
references.citation: Sleep. 2003 Mar 15;26(2):208-12
references.pmid: 12683481
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jul;27(5):975-86
references.pmid: 20636210
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 1989 Oct;74(5):728-38
references.pmid: 2793773
references.citation: Sleep. 2009 Jun;32(6):737-45
references.pmid: 19544749
references.citation: J Sleep Res. 2002 Sep;11(3):191-9
references.pmid: 12220314
references.citation: Sleep Med. 2007 Sep;8(6):578-89
references.pmid: 17481949
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jan;27(2):278-96
references.pmid: 20370470
references.citation: Sleep. 1997 Mar;20(3):215-23
references.pmid: 9178917
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 1996 Aug;13(3):191-8
references.pmid: 8874982
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2003 Jan;20(1):97-107
references.pmid: 12638693
references.citation: Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5
references.pmid: 1798888
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Aug;151(8):1172-80
references.pmid: 8037252
references.citation: Sleep. 2008 Feb;31(2):185-94
references.pmid: 18274265
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Oct;27(9-10):1911-29
references.pmid: 20969531
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 May;27(3):575-89
references.pmid: 20524802
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2010 Jul;27(5):987-96
references.pmid: 20636211