title: Use of specific gene analysis to assess the effectiveness of surfactant-enhanced trichloroethylene cometabolism.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of in situ bioremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated groundwater using specific gene analyses under the following conditions: (1) pretreatment with biodegradable surfactants [Simple Green™ (SG) and soya lecithin (SL)] to enhance TCE desorption and dissolution, and (2) supplementation with SG, SL, and cane molasses as primary substrates to enhance the aerobic cometabolism of TCE. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and nucleotide sequence analysis were applied to monitor the variations in specific activity-dependent enzymes and dominant microorganisms. Results show that TCE-degrading enzymes, including toluene monooxygenase, toluene dioxygenase, and phenol monooxygenase, were identified from sediment samples collected from a TCE-spill site. Results from the microcosm study show that addition of SG, SL, or cane molasses can enhance the aerobic cometabolism of TCE. The TCE degradation rates were highest in microcosms with added SL, the second highest in microcosms containing SG, and lowest in microcosms containing cane molasses. This indicates that SG and SL can serve as TCE dissolution agents and act as primary substrates for indigenous microorganisms. Four dominant microorganisms (Rhodobacter sp., Methyloversatilis sp., Beta proteobacterium sp., and Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava) observed in microcosms might be able to produce TCE-degrading enzymes for TCE cometabolic processes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014241:Trichloroethylene