title: [Primary malignant airway neoplasms in 4 children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary airway neoplasms are extremely rare in the pediatric age group. This paper reports 4 children with primary airway neoplasms to explore the clinical manifestations, safety and efficacy of bronchoscopic interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of pathology, photographic documentation and imaging studies were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 4 reported lesions, 2 were characterized by low-grade (2 with mucoepidermoid carcinoma) and 2 by high grade malignant (spindle cell carcinoma and malignant lymphoma). Onset of clinical manifestations occurred at the ages of 7 months to 7 years. All of them were initially misdiagnosed as bronchitis, asthma or atelectasis. The lesions located in trachea in 2 patients, in left bronchus of 1 patient and in right middle bronchus of 1 case. Atelectases occurred in bilateral bronchus where the lesions obstructed almost the entire lumen at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis of airway masses depends upon maintaining a high index of suspicion, complemented by imaging and timely diagnostic endoscopy. The lesions were completely removed in 3/4 patients except 1 died during bronchoscopic procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The children with malignant airway neoplasms were presented with cough and wheezing without specific manifestations. Bronchoscopic interventions were effective in the treatment of non-operative cases. General anesthesia is strongly recommended for interventional bronchoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapy Center, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China.
authors.forename: Hong-wu
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun-zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Dong-mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Su-juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy