title: Pt and Pd in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, South China: background levels, distribution, and source.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the concentrations of platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) in surface sediments and sedimentary cores collected from the Pearl River Estuary with a view of evaluating the distribution, background levels, possible sources, and contamination level of anthropogenic Pt and Pd.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six samples of surface sediments and 12 samples from sedimentary cores were collected. Al(2)O(3) was analyzed on fused glass disks by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Heavy metal elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Pt and Pd were separated from the sample matrix by anion exchange chromatography and subsequent solvent extraction after samples had been digested in Carius tubes using aqua regia. The analysis of Pt and Pd was performed by isotopic dilution-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pt and Pd concentrations in surface sediments were 0.28-2.11 and 0.39-38.30 ng/g, respectively, and Pt and Pd concentrations in sedimentary cores were 0.19-1.18 and 0.15-1.76 ng/g, respectively. Background values of Pt and Pd were 0.20-1.17 and 0.10-1.34 ng/g, respectively. The spatial distribution of the enrichment factor differed between Pt and Pd in surface sediments. Down-core variations in Pt, Pd, and other heavy metal elements were similar in all cases and were related to sediment type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of the Pt and Pt in surface samples were derived from anthropogenic emissions. Pt and Pd were delivered to the sediment by fluvial input. In addition to vehicle exhaust catalysts, Pt and Pd were derived from other sources (e.g., industrial process). An important post-burial remobilization process of Pt and Pd is likely to be particle mixing by billows caused by typhoon.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
authors.forename: Li-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Bao-Ming
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis*; D010984:Platinum / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010984:Platinum; D010165:Palladium
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