title: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level associated with the extent of periodontal inflammation in type 1 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in protection against cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether a protective association also exists between serum HDL and periodontal inflammation in type 1 diabetic subjects (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plaque and periodontal inflammation (bleeding and PD ≥ 4 mm) were examined in 80 subjects with T1DM. The serum levels of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c, %) and HDL (mmol/l) were determined. Adjusted associations between inflammation and serum HDL were analysed using linear regression analysis. To study the linearity of the association, the subjects were categorized into HDL tertiles (I-III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant negative association was observed between serum HDL level and the extent of bleeding and PD ≥ 4 mm. Subjects in HDL tertiles II and III (high HDL) presented significantly fewer inflamed sites when compared with the subjects in tertile I (low HDL), whereas no significant difference in the number of inflamed sites was observed between tertiles II and III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the finding of a negative association between serum HDL and periodontal inflammation, HDL may be considered a marker of susceptibility to periodontal inflammation. A longitudinal study is needed to verify possible causal relationship between serum HDL and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Passoja
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuuttila
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karttunen
authors.forename: Onni
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raunio
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedberg
authors.forename: Tellervo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human