title: Inhibitory control after traumatic brain injury in children.
abstract: Inhibitory control describes a number of distinct processes. Effortless inhibition refers to acts of control that are automatic and reflexive. Effortful inhibition refers to voluntary, goal-directed acts of control such as response flexibility, interference control, cancellation inhibition, and restraint inhibition. Disruptions to a number of inhibitory control processes occur as a consequence of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). This paper reviews the current knowledge of inhibition deficits following childhood TBI, and includes an overview of the inhibition construct and a discussion of the specific deficits shown by children and adolescents with TBI and the factors that mediate the expression of these deficits, including injury-related variables and the expression of pre- and post-injury attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The review illustrates that inhibitory control processes differ in terms of measurement, assessment, and neurological underpinnings, and also that childhood TBI may selectively disrupt particular forms of inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. katia.sinopoli@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Katia J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sinopoli
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D009433:Neural Inhibition
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