title: Experimental Study of Cement - Sandstone/Shale - Brine - CO2 Interactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive-transport simulation is a tool that is being used to estimate long-term trapping of CO2, and wellbore and cap rock integrity for geologic CO2 storage. We reacted end member components of a heterolithic sandstone and shale unit that forms the upper section of the In Salah Gas Project carbon storage reservoir in Krechba, Algeria with supercritical CO2, brine, and with/without cement at reservoir conditions to develop experimentally constrained geochemical models for use in reactive transport simulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observe marked changes in solution composition when CO2 reacted with cement, sandstone, and shale components at reservoir conditions. The geochemical model for the reaction of sandstone and shale with CO2 and brine is a simple one in which albite, chlorite, illite and carbonate minerals partially dissolve and boehmite, smectite, and amorphous silica precipitate. The geochemical model for the wellbore environment is also fairly simple, in which alkaline cements and rock react with CO2-rich brines to form an Fe containing calcite, amorphous silica, smectite and boehmite or amorphous Al(OH)3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our research shows that relatively simple geochemical models can describe the dominant reactions that are likely to occur when CO2 is stored in deep saline aquifers sealed with overlying shale cap rocks, as well as the dominant reactions for cement carbonation at the wellbore interface.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore CA 94550, USA. carroll6@llnl.gov.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Walt W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: McNab
authors.forename: Sharon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Torres
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Jul 1;41(13):4787-92
references.pmid: 17695930
references.citation: Geochem Trans. 2009 Jan 14;10:1
references.pmid: 19144195