title: Orientational dependent sensitivities of T2 and T1ρ towards trypsin degradation and Gd-DTPA2- presence in bovine nasal cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the orientational dependencies of T(2) and T(1ρ) in native and trypsin-degraded bovine nasal cartilage, with and without the presence of 1 mM Gd-DTPA(2-).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen specimens were prepared in two orthogonal fibril directions (parallel and perpendicular), treated using different protocols (native, Gd treated, trypsin-treated, and combination), and imaged using μMRI at 0° and 55° (the magic angle) fibril orientations with respect to the magnetic field B(0). Two-dimensional (2D) T(2) and T(1ρ) images were then calculated quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without Gd, native perpendicular tissues demonstrated significant T(1ρ) dispersion (including T(2) at the zero spin-lock field) at 0° and less dispersion at 55°, while native parallel specimens exhibited smaller T(1ρ) dispersion at both 0° and 55°. Trypsin degradation caused a minimum 50% increase in T(1ρ). With Gd, trypsin degradation caused significant reduction in T(1ρ) values up to 60%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The collagen orientation in nasal cartilage can influence T(2) and T(1ρ) MRI of cartilage. Without Gd, T(1ρ) was sensitive to the proteoglycan content and its sensitivity was nearly constant regardless of fibril orientation. In comparison, the T(2) sensitivity to proteoglycan was dependant upon fibril orientation, i.e., more sensitive at 55° than 0°. When Gd ions were present, both T(2) and T(1ρ) became insensitive to the proteoglycan content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
authors.forename: Nian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011509:Proteoglycans; D003094:Collagen; D014357:Trypsin; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
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