title: Health behaviors as predictors for declines in higher-level functional capacity in older adults: the Ohasama study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the characteristics of health behaviors related to higher-level functional decline in older community-dwelling adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ohasama Town, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand fifty residents (mean age: 67.5) free of functional decline at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health behaviors including smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of exercise, sleep duration, dietary habits (supplement use, breakfast, late-night snacking, eating regularly, and eating out), and self-rated health were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. Higher-level functional decline was examined using the subscales of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 7-year follow-up, 27.5% of eligible participants reported decline in higher-level functional capacity. After adjustment for putative confounding factors, health behaviors that were significant predictors for declines in higher-level functional capacity at the 7-year follow-up were current smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-2.36), sleep duration of 9 hours or longer (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.49-3.11), and poor self-rated health (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.40-2.67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several modifiable health behaviors contribute to higher-level functional decline.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. mutsugky@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubota-Utsugi
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ito-Sato
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuya
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Metoki
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsubono
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors