title: The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of the hypotensive effect after coadministration of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: The interactive hypotensive effect of the combination treatment of losartan (LOS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was assessed using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Intravenous coadministration of these drugs showed a prolonged and enhanced time-course of the hypotensive effect. A population PK analysis revealed the delayed elimination of LOS after coadministration. The time-course of the plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured, and showed a more continuative time profile after coadministration compared with the administration of LOS alone. An indirect response model was applied to describe the relationship between the PK of LOS and the PRA profile, and the E(max) value for the increase of the PRA by LOS was increased with the dose of HCTZ. Blood pressure was linked to the PRA through an effect compartment. The model successfully described the relationship between the doses of LOS and HCTZ and their interactive hypotensive effect. These results indicate that the interaction for blood pressure in the combination treatment of LOS and HCTZ can be estimated using the doses of the drugs and the PRA-mediated PK-PD model.
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: Masawo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakemi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D019808:Losartan