title: Inactivation of estrogen receptor by Schistosoma haematobium total antigen             in bladder urothelial cells.
abstract: We recently reported the expression of an estradiol-like molecule by a trematode             parasite Schistosoma haematobium. We further established that this estradiol-like             molecule is an antagonist of estradiol, repressing the transcriptional activity             of the estrogen receptor (ER) in estrogen-responsive MCF7 cells and also that             S. haematobium total antigen (Sh) contains estrogenic molecules detected by mass             spectrometry. In the present study, we used HCV29 cells, a cell line derived from             normal urothelial cells, as well as an in vivo model to evaluate the expression             of ER in the bladders of Sh-instilled animals. We show that, similarly to MCF7             cells, Sh down-regulates the transcriptional activity of ER in HCV29 cells and             also in the bladders of Sh-treated mice. The antiestrogenic activity of the S.             haematobium extract and its repressive role in ER could have implications in the             carcinogenic process in bladders with S. haematobium infection.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Parasite Immunology and Biology (CIBP), National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal. monicabotelho@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mónica Catarina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vale
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Correia da Costa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D007781:Lactoferrin