title: Complex cloacal malformations: use of rotational fluoroscopy and 3-D reconstruction in diagnosis and surgical planning.
abstract: A cloacal malformation is a congenital malformation in which the urinary tract, gynecological system and distal rectum fail to separate and form a common channel with a single perineal opening. Precise anatomical information is required to plan surgery and predict prognosis for children with this abnormality. Conventional fluoroscopic studies provide limited information, primarily due to the overlap of structures and inability to make accurate measurements. Rotational fluoroscopy and 3-D reconstruction help clarify overlapping structures and allow for precise measurement of the common channel, thereby helping to predict the complexity of the surgical case as well as the long-term prognosis regarding bowel, bladder and sexual function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. manish.patel@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Manish N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Racadio
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Judy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Racadio
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
references.citation: J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 2):1675-8; discussion 1678-9
references.pmid: 17707025
references.citation: Semin Pediatr Surg. 2010 May;19(2):128-38
references.pmid: 20307849
references.citation: J Pediatr Surg. 2004 Mar;39(3):470-9; discussion 470-9
references.pmid: 15017572
references.citation: BJU Int. 2002 Jan;89(1):78-81
references.pmid: 11849166
references.citation: Curr Opin Pediatr. 2005 Jun;17(3):394-401
references.pmid: 15891433
references.citation: Semin Pediatr Surg. 1995 Feb;4(1):35-47
references.pmid: 7728507
references.citation: Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007 Jul 26;2:33
references.pmid: 17651510
references.citation: Radiology. 1990 Nov;177(2):441-8
references.pmid: 2217782