title: Cerebellar haemorrhage in the extremely preterm infant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors and developmental outcomes of cerebellar haemorrhage in the extremely preterm infant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 4-year period from January 2004, all patients with cerebellar haemorrhage born at 24-27 weeks gestation or with a birthweight < 1000 g were identified from database review. All patients had cranial ultrasound scans including views from the mastoid fontanelle. To verify the incidence, a review of all reports over the 4-year period and a review of all cranial imaging over a 2-year period were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the data analysed on 339 neonates, five cases of cerebellar haemorrhage were identified, four on ultrasound scan (1.2%) and one on magnetic resonance imaging (1.5% total). Two cases were associated with grade III peri-intraventricular haemorrhage. The cases had diverse maternal, antenatal and post-natal risk factors. The two with associated peri-intraventricular haemorrhage have developmental delay. The cases with isolated cerebellar haemorrhage had good neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low incidence of cerebellar haemorrhage identified from the mastoid fontanelle was demonstrated. The neurodevelopmental outcome was better than that described in previous reports.
authors.affiliation: Newborn Services, Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008485:Medical Audit; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography