title: Galactosaminogalactan, a new immunosuppressive polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus.
abstract: A new polysaccharide secreted by the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus has been characterized. Carbohydrate analysis using specific chemical degradations, mass spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that this polysaccharide is a linear heterogeneous galactosaminogalactan composed of α1-4 linked galactose and α1-4 linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues where both monosacharides are randomly distributed and where the percentage of galactose per chain varied from 15 to 60%. This polysaccharide is antigenic and is recognized by a majority of the human population irrespectively of the occurrence of an Aspergillus infection. GalNAc oligosaccharides are an essential epitope of the galactosaminogalactan that explains the universal antibody reaction due to cross reactivity with other antigenic molecules containing GalNAc stretches such as the N-glycans of Campylobacter jejuni. The galactosaminogalactan has no protective effect during Aspergillus infections. Most importantly, the polysaccharide promotes fungal development in immunocompetent mice due to its immunosuppressive activity associated with disminished neutrophil infiltrates.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. tfontain@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delangle
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simenel
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coddeville
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van Kooyk
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozza
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Coline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trichot
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aebi
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delepierre
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elbim
authors.forename: Luigina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romani
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Latgé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000276:immunology*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D000939:Epitopes; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011134:Polysaccharides; C062157:galactosaminogalactan
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