title: Cognitive and neurological outcome at the age of 5-8 years of preterm infants with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation requiring neurosurgical intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preterm infants with progressive post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) in the absence of associated parenchymal lesions may have a normal neurodevelopmental outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes among preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and PHVD requiring neurosurgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 preterm infants were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit with PHVD requiring neurosurgical intervention, and were seen in the follow-up clinic for standardized cognitive, behavioral and neurological assessments between 5 and 8 years of age. Only preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) of <30 weeks, as well as preterm and full-term infants with PHVD and full-term infants with perinatal asphyxia are seen in our follow-up clinic at this age. There were 23 infants with a GA of <30 weeks in this study population. For these 23, matched controls were available and compared with the IVH group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority (59.4%) had no impairments. None of the children with grade III and 8 of the 15 children (53%) with grade IV hemorrhage developed cerebral palsy. More subtle motor problems assessed with the Movement-ABC score were seen in 39% (n = 9); the mean IQ of all children was 93.4, and 29% of the children had an IQ of <85 (-1 SD). Timing of intervention did not have a beneficial effect on outcome. With respect to cognition, no significant differences were found between the IVH and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the children in our population had no impairments. Cerebral palsy was not seen in any of the infants with a grade III hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatolog, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Stam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uniken Venema
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D012720:Severity of Illness Index