title: Growth of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in cattle manure compost under various temperatures and ammonia concentrations.
abstract: A recent study showed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) coexist in the process of cattle manure composting. To investigate their physiological characteristics, liquid cultures seeded with fermenting cattle manure compost were incubated at various temperatures (37°C, 46°C, or 60°C) and ammonium concentrations (0.5, 1, 4, or 10 mM NH                            (4)                                      (+)                         -N). The growth rates of the AOB and AOA were monitored using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis targeting the bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase subunit A genes. AOB grew at 37°C and 4 or 10 mM NH                            (4)                                      (+)                         -N, whereas AOA grew at 46°C and 10 mM NH                            (4)                                      (+)                         -N. Incubation with allylthiourea indicated that the AOB and AOA grew by oxidizing ammonia. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and subsequent sequencing analyses revealed that a bacterium related to Nitrosomonas halophila and an archaeon related to Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis were the predominant AOB and AOA, respectively, in the seed compost and in cultures after incubation. This is the first report to demonstrate that the predominant AOA in cattle manure compost can grow and can probably oxidize ammonia under moderately thermophilic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sustainable Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Ryoki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001105:Archaea / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D002417:Cattle; D003470:Culture Media; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D009606:Nitrosomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D000641:Ammonia; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C045582:ammonia monooxygenase
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Jun;64(6):2266-8
references.pmid: 9603846
references.citation: Arch Microbiol. 2001 Sep;176(3):170-7
references.pmid: 11511864
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;65(2):396-403
references.pmid: 9925559
references.citation: J Appl Microbiol. 2009 May;106(5):1502-11
references.pmid: 19210570
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1980 Dec;40(6):1060-6
references.pmid: 16345670
references.citation: Microb Ecol. 2010 Nov;60(4):807-15
references.pmid: 20607531
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Jul 15;26(14):3340-7
references.pmid: 9649616
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Dec;63(12):4704-12
references.pmid: 9406389
references.citation: ISME J. 2009 Aug;3(8):966-76
references.pmid: 19387485
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Mar;59(3):695-700
references.pmid: 7683183
references.citation: J Environ Qual. 2006 Oct 27;35(6):2321-32
references.pmid: 17071903
references.citation: Bioresour Technol. 2009 Nov;100(22):5444-53
references.pmid: 19119002
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Mar;76(5):1555-62
references.pmid: 20048060
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2008 Aug;10(8):1978-87
references.pmid: 18430011
references.citation: Microbiol Rev. 1989 Mar;53(1):68-84
references.pmid: 2496288
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 12;105(6):2134-9
references.pmid: 18250313
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 2008 May;10(5):1357-64
references.pmid: 18325029