title: Short communication: HIV type 1 escapes inactivation by saliva via rapid escape into oral epithelial cells.
abstract: Saliva contains anti-HIV-1 factors, which show unclear efficacy in thwarting mucosal infection. When incubated in fresh, unfractionated whole saliva, infectious HIV-1 IIIb and BaL (X4- and R5-tropic, respectively) persisted from 4 to at least 30 min in a saliva concentration-dependent manner. In salivary supernatant for up to 6 h, both infectious HIV-1 strains "escaped" into immortalized oral epithelial cells; infectious BaL showed selectively enhanced escape in the presence of saliva. Fluorescently labeled HIV-1 virus-like particles entered oral epithelial cells within minutes of exposure. Using a previously unrecognized mechanism, therefore, strains of HIV-1 escape inactivation by saliva via rapid uptake into oral epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Kristin H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: Claudine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fasching
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Giacaman
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kappes
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Herzberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004705:Endocytosis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*
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