title: Conditional hypoxia inducible factor-1α induction in embryonic pulmonary epithelium impairs maturation and augments lymphangiogenesis.
abstract: Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1a, EPAS1 and NEPAS are expressed in the embryonic mouse lung and each isoform exhibits distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns throughout morphogenesis. To further assess the role of the HIF1a isoform in lung epithelial cell differentiation and homeostasis, we created transgenic mice that express a constitutively active isoform of human HIF-1a (HIF-1a three point mutant (TPM)), in a doxycycline-dependent manner. Expression of HIF1a TPM in the developing pulmonary epithelium resulted in lung hypoplasia characterized by defective branching morphogenesis, altered cellular energetics and impaired epithelial maturation, culminating in neonatal lethality at birth from severe respiratory distress. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed expanded glycogen pools in the pulmonary epithelial cells at E18.5, concomitant with decreased pulmonary surfactant, suggesting a delay or an arrest in maturation. Importantly, these defects occurred in the absence of apoptosis or necrosis. In addition, sub-pleural hemorrhaging was evident as early as E14.5 in HIF1a TPM lungs, despite normal patterning of the blood vasculature, consistent with defects in endothelial barrier function. Epithelial expression of HIF1a TPM also resulted in increased VEGFA and VEGFC production, an increase in the number of lymphatic vessels and indirect activation of the multiple Notch pathway components in endothelial precursor cells. Collectively, these data indicate that HIF-1a protein levels in the pulmonary epithelium must be tightly controlled for proper development of the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. james.bridges@cchmc.org
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: Sui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shannon
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004318:Doxycycline; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000235:genetics; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007106:Immune Sera; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C467483:vascular endothelial growth factor C, mouse; D006003:Glycogen; D004318:Doxycycline
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