title: Pharmacokinetic and toxicological data of spirolides after oral and intraperitoneal administration.
abstract: Spirolides are a kind of marine toxins included in the cyclic imine toxin group and produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. This study shows for the first time a complete and detailed description about the symptoms observed in mice when these toxins were intraperitoneal (i.p.) administered. It is also compared the i.p. toxicity of 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMeC), 13,19-didesMeC (13,19-didesMeC) and 20-methyl spirolide G (20-Me-G) in experiments performed with highly purified toxins. The bioassay indicates that 13-desMeC and 13,19-didesMeC are extremely toxic compounds which have a LD(50) of 27.9μg/kg and 32.2μg/kg, respectively. However, when 20-MeG was i.p administrated with dose up 63.5μg/kg, no deaths were recorded. In order to evaluate the oral toxicity, spirolides were administered by gastric intubation into mice. Then, samples of blood, urine and faeces were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem (LC-MS/MS) technique. Spirolides appear in blood at 15min and in urine after 1h of being toxin administered. In summary, in this paper, it is provided new data about the toxicity, absorption, and excretion of spirolides in mouse. So far, little information is available on this item but necessary for spirolide regulation in the European Union (EU).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Paz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alfonso
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rubiolo
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bermúdez
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vieytes
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Botana
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C544516:13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C; C517170:13-desmethylspirolide C; C503463:20-methyl spirolide G; D013141:Spiro Compounds