title: Signal integration by the Cpx-envelope stress system.
abstract: The Cpx-envelope stress system coordinates the expression and assembly of surface structures important for the virulence of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. It is comprised of the membrane-anchored sensor kinase CpxA, the cytosolic response regulator CpxR and the accessory protein CpxP. Characteristic of the group of two-component systems, the Cpx system responds to a broad range of stimuli including pH, salt, metals, lipids and misfolded proteins that cause perturbation in the envelope. Moreover, the Cpx system has been linked to inter-kingdom signalling and bacterial cell death. However, although signal specificity has been assumed, for most signals the mechanism of signal integration is not understood. Recent structural and functional studies provide the first insights into how CpxP inhibits CpxA and serves as sensor for misfolded pilus subunits, pH and salt. Here, we summarize and reflect on the current knowledge on signal integration by the Cpx-envelope stress system.
authors.affiliation: Molekulare Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany. sabine.hunke@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunke
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Volker S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D017510:Protein Folding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C110674:CpxP protein, bacteria; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C085504:CpxR protein, Bacteria; D011494:Protein Kinases; C092472:CpxA protein, bacteria