title: Is laparoscopic cholecystectomy safe for acute cholecystitis in the presence of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, laparoscopic procedures were previously contraindicated for the potential risks of elevating intra-cranial pressure resulting from increased intra-abdominal pressure and shunt malfunction/infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we present a case of a patient with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt who successfully and uneventfully underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis without any shunt manipulation or intra-cranial pressure monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several methods have been suggested to decrease the risks of increased intra-cranial pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, but have not been routinely used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard technique laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely used to manage patients with VP shunts presenting with acute gall bladder disease.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and University College School of Medicine, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Damrah
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fusai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
references.citation: J Urol. 2000 Oct;164(4):1352-4
references.pmid: 10992414
references.citation: Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2005 Feb;15(1):28-9
references.pmid: 15714153
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 2002 Jan;16(1):215
references.pmid: 11961645
references.citation: Surg Endosc. 1995 Apr;9(4):409-10
references.pmid: 7660264
references.citation: JSLS. 1998 Apr-Jun;2(2):177-80
references.pmid: 9876734