title: Clinically-oriented monitoring of acute effects of methylphenidate on cerebral hemodynamics in ADHD children using fNIRS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a common developmental syndrome with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, is typically treated with the psychostimulant drug, methylphenidate (MPH). We explored the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to search for a clinically implementable biological marker for the acute MPH effect on ADHD children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following an MPH washout period, twelve ADHD children performed a go/no-go task before and 1.5 h after MPH intake. fNIRS was used to monitor the lateral prefrontal cortical hemodynamics of ADHD children performing a go/no-go task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant activation in the lateral prefrontal cortices examined before MPH intake. However, after MPH intake, significant MPH-elicited activation (oxygenated hemoglobin signal increase) was detected in the right lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) implicated with response inhibition functions. There was a large significant correlation between increases in task performance and activation in the right LPFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improved cognitive performance was associated with activation in the right LPFC, which might serve as a biological marker to monitor the effect of MPH in ADHD children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPH-effect assessment in ADHD children using fNIRS can be performed within a 3 h stay at a hospital during a single visit, and thus may be integrated into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Monden
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Ippeita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kyutoku
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Mariko Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.forename: Eiju
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate