title: Clinical, histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of socket preservation using a synthetic nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in comparison with a bovine xenograft: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NCHA), NanoBone(®)  and a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), Bio-Oss(®)  with a collagen membrane on the horizontal ridge width alterations following tooth extraction, in addition to histologic aspects of the grafted extraction sockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized clinical trial, 28 symmetrical, non-molar, extraction sockets using a split-mouth design in 12 patients (eight women and four men; aged 21-60; mean 44.6 ± 11.4 years), were randomly selected in the first group to be grafted with DBBM granules covered with a collagen membrane and in the other group grafted with NCHA covered with a collagen membrane. Following extraction horizontal ridge width was measured using caliper and was blindly compared to the dimensions measured prior to implant placement, at the 6- to 8-month follow-up. Subsequently, a 2 × 6 mm trephine core was obtained with aid of acrylic stent and routine histologic preparation was performed on the specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The width of the DBBM group decreased from 7.75 ± 1.55 to 6.68 ± 1.85 mm (P < 0.05), whereas the width of the NCHA group decreased from 7.36 ± 1.94 to 6.43 ± 2.08 mm (P < 0.05). The mean between-group difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.62). Furthermore, histologic and histomorphometric analyses revealed 28.63 ± 12.53% vital bone in NCHA group vs. 27.35 ± 12.39% in DBBM group, and no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socket preservation using either NCHA or DBBM in combination with collagen membrane, results in similar, limited horizontal ridge width alterations following tooth extraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholam Ali
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mashhadiabbas
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najafi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C106416:Bio-Gide; C077540:Bio-Oss; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008903:Minerals; C534915:NanoBone; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite