title: The pleiotropic effects of erythropoietin in infection and inflammation.
abstract: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a multi-functional cytokine, which exerts erythropoietic effects but also carries anti-apoptotic and immune-modulatory activities upon binding to two distinct receptors which are expressed on erythroid, parenchymal and immune cells, respectively. Whereas EPO ameliorates hemolytic anemia in malaria or trypanosomiasis and improves the course of autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or autoimmune encephalomyelitis, it deleteriously inhibits macrophage functions in Salmonella infection in animal models. Thus, the specific modulation of extra-erythropoietic EPO activity forms an attractive therapeutic target in infection and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nairz
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sonnweber
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schroll
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Theurl
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000235:genetics; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058685:Genetic Pleiotropy; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D016328:NF-kappa B; D004921:Erythropoietin
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