title: Digital subtraction radiography evaluation of longitudinal bone density changes around immediate loading implants: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal quantitative changes in bone density around different implant loading protocols and implant surfaces measured by digital subtraction radiography (DSR).
  
  
  METHODS
  12 patients received bilateral homologous standard and TiUnite® (Nobel Biocare, Kloten, Switzerland) single-tooth implants under 2 implant-loading protocols: immediate loading (8 patients, 16 implants, 12 maxillary) and conventional loading (4 patients, 8 implants, 4 maxillary). Standardized periapical radiographs were taken immediately after implant placement (baseline image) and at the 3-month, 6-month and 12-month follow ups. Radiographic images were digitized and submitted to digital subtraction using the DSR system® (Electro Medical System, Nyon, Switzerland), resulting in three subtracted images. Quantitative analysis of bone density was performed using Image Tool® software (University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, TX) to assess pixel value changes in five areas around the implants (crestal, subcrestal, medial third, apical-lateral and apical).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that grey levels were significantly influenced by follow-up time and implant-loading protocol. A linear increase in grey levels was found for immediate loading (IML) implants and a significant decrease in grey levels was observed in the 12-month follow up for conventional loading implants. No effect of implant surface treatment was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, IML protocol induced mineral bone gain around single-tooth implants after the first year under function for cases with favourable bone conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Brazil.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leles
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mendonça
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading / Q000379:methods*; D007568:Jaw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods*; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D055815:Young Adult
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