title: Diuretics and disorders of calcium homeostasis.
abstract: Diuretics commonly are administered in disorders of sodium balance. Loop diuretics inhibit the Na-K-2Cl transporter and also increase calcium excretion. They are often used in the treatment of hypercalcemia. Thiazide diuretics block the thiazide-sensitive NaCl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, and can decrease calcium excretion. They are often used in the treatment of nephrolithiasis. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease bicarbonate absorption and the resultant metabolic acidosis can increase calcium excretion. Their use can promote nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. This review will address the use of diuretics on disorders of calcium homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Rochester General Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14621, USA. marvin.grieff@rochestergeneral.org
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grieff
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bushinsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009397:Nephrocalcinosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D002118:Calcium