title: Effect of carbohydrate sources and cotton seed meal in the concentrate: II. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle.
abstract: Four, rumen fistulated crossbred (Brahman × native) beef cattle steers were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) or CC + rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1) and Factor B was cotton seed meal level (CM); and 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) at similar overall CP levels (490 g CP/kg). The animals were fed 5 g concentrate/kg BW, and urea-treated rice straw (UTS) (50 g urea/kg DM) was fed ad libitum. Carbohydrate source did not affect feed intake, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen, rumen fermentation, or microbial protein synthesis; however, animals fed with CC had a higher population of total viable bacteria than the CR3:1 treatment (P<0.05). Animals that received HCM had a lower total feed intake while ruminal pH was higher than the LCM fed treatment (P<0.05). The population of total viable and cellulolytic bacteria in animals that received HCM were lower than the LCM fed treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, use of HCM in beef cattle diets resulted in lower microbial protein synthesis when compared with the LCM fed treatment (P<0.05) although efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was nonsignificantly different among treatments. Therefore, cassava chip combined with rice bran can be used in a concentrate diet for beef cattle. It is also noted that a high level of cotton seed meal in the concentrate may impact rumen fermentation and animal performance.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. metha@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Metha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanapat
authors.forename: Suban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foiklang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rowlinson
authors.forename: Ruangyote
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pilajun
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D003369:Cottonseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins
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