title: Contrasting recombination patterns and demographic histories of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum inferred from MLSA.
abstract: We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) on a worldwide collection of the plant pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum (Betaproteobacteria) to retrace its complex evolutionary history. Using genetic imprints left during R. solanacearum evolution, we were able to delineate distinct evolutionary complex displaying contrasting dynamics. Among the phylotypes already described (I, IIA, IIB, III, IV), eight groups of strains with distinct evolutionary patterns, named clades, were identified. From our recombination analysis, we identified 21 recombination events that occurred within and across these lineages. Although appearing the most divergent and ancestral phylotype, phylotype IV was inferred as a gene donor for the majority of the recombination events that we detected. Whereas this phylotype apparently fuelled the species diversity, ongoing diversification was mainly detected within phylotype I, IIA and III. These three groups presented a recent expanding population structure, a high level of homologous recombination and evidences of long-distance migrations. Factors such as adaptation to a specific host or intense trading of infected crops may have promoted this diversification. Whether R. solanacearum lineages will eventually evolve in distinct species remains an open question. The intensification of cropping and increase of geographical dispersion may favour situations of phylotype sympatry and promote higher exchange of key factors for host adaptation from their common genetic pool.
authors.affiliation: CIRAD, UMR 53 Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France. wicker@cirad.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wicker
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefeuvre
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Cambiaire
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poussier
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prior
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D059765:Homologous Recombination; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D043368:Ralstonia solanacearum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial
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