title: Influence of SEM vacuum on bone micromechanics using in situ AFM.
abstract: The mechanical properties of rat bone at micron length scales have been evaluated as a function of environmental conditions using an in situ atomic force microscope (AFM) setup while observing using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Focused ion beam fabricated rat bone cantilever samples were tested in both low and high vacuum conditions in the SEM as well as wet in air using the AFM to measure their elastic modulus. The elastic modulus of rat bone at micron length scales is shown to be independent of the environmental testing conditions and indicates water is bound to bone material even under relatively high vacuum conditions. Our work therefore shows how in situ mechanical testing of bone while observing using high resolution SEM can provide results similar to testing wet in air.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Palomar
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shipov
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: Asa H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Barber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005269:Femur; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley