title: Mothers' responses to children's negative emotions and child emotion regulation: the moderating role of vagal suppression.
abstract: The current study examined the moderating effect of children's cardiac vagal suppression on the association between maternal socialization of negative emotions (supportive and nonsupportive responses) and children's emotion regulation behaviors. One hundred and ninety-seven 4-year-olds and their mothers participated. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotions and children's regulatory behaviors. Observed distraction, an adaptive self-regulatory strategy, and vagal suppression were assessed during a laboratory task designed to elicit frustration. Results indicated that children's vagal suppression moderated the association between mothers' nonsupportive emotion socialization and children's emotion regulation behaviors such that nonsupportive reactions to negative emotions predicted lower observed distraction and lower reported emotion regulation behaviors when children displayed lower levels of vagal suppression. No interaction was found between supportive maternal emotion socialization and vagal suppression for children's emotion regulation behaviors. Results suggest physiological regulation may serve as a buffer against nonsupportive emotion socialization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 536 Highland Ave, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA. nebrown3@uncg.edu
authors.forename: Nicole B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: Jackie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Esther M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Leerkes
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcovitch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012951:Socialization; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
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