title: Complications of auricular correction.
abstract: The risk of complications of auricular correction is underestimated. There is around a 5% risk of early complications (haematoma, infection, fistulae caused by stitches and granulomae, allergic reactions, pressure ulcers, feelings of pain and asymmetry in side comparison) and a 20% risk of late complications (recurrences, telehone ear, excessive edge formation, auricle fitting too closely, narrowing of the auditory canal, keloids and complete collapse of the ear). Deformities are evaluated less critically by patients than by the surgeons, providing they do not concern how the ear is positioned. The causes of complications and deformities are, in the vast majority of cases, incorrect diagnosis and wrong choice of operating procedure. The choice of operating procedure must be adapted to suit the individual ear morphology. Bandaging technique and inspections and, if necessary, early revision are of great importance for the occurence and progress of early complications, in addition to operation techniques. In cases of late complications such as keloids and auricles that are too closely fitting, unfixed full-thickness skin flaps have proved to be the most successful. Large deformities can often only be corrected to a limited degree of satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine and Head and Neck Surgery, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Staindl
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Siedek
references.citation: Facial Plast Surg. 1994 Jul;10(3):255-66
references.pmid: 7835730
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1951 Oct;4(3):207-9
references.pmid: 14886575
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Feb;105(2):504-15
references.pmid: 10697153
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 Sep;104(3):834-40; discussion 841
references.pmid: 10456539
references.citation: Dermatol Surg. 2002 Jun;28(6):469-74
references.pmid: 12081673
references.citation: J Craniofac Surg. 2003 Jul;14(4):521-5
references.pmid: 12867867
references.citation: Rev Prat. 1958 Oct 21;8(27):3097-100 passim
references.pmid: 13602484
references.citation: Laryngorhinootologie. 1994 Jul;73(7):394-9
references.pmid: 7916787
references.citation: Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 1992 Mar;37(2):189-93
references.pmid: 1456720
references.citation: Facial Plast Surg. 1994 Jul;10(3):277-86
references.pmid: 7835732
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 1991 Aug;27(2):164-78
references.pmid: 1835334
references.citation: Am J Surg. 1958 Feb;95(2):185-8
references.pmid: 13487937
references.citation: Ann Surg. 1964 Aug;160:314-24
references.pmid: 14209736
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1979 Dec;3(1):147-52
references.pmid: 24173985
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1979 Oct;64(4):568
references.pmid: 482446
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977 Apr;59(4):475-85
references.pmid: 322165
references.citation: Clin Plast Surg. 1978 Jul;5(3):337-45
references.pmid: 699488
references.citation: S Afr Med J. 1964 Nov 21;38:913-6
references.pmid: 14225677
references.citation: Arch Otolaryngol (1925). 1949 Nov;50(5):541-60, illust
references.pmid: 15393402
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1978 Dec;2(1):357-62
references.pmid: 24173864
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Apr;115(4):60e-72e
references.pmid: 15793433
references.citation: HNO. 1990 Jun;38(6):202-7
references.pmid: 1696250
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 1995 May;105(5 Pt 3 Suppl 70):1-11
references.pmid: 7760682
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 2003 Mar;56(2):145-9
references.pmid: 12791359
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Jan;107(1):193-202; discussion 203-5
references.pmid: 11176623
references.citation: Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1983 Jul;62(7):328-30
references.pmid: 6621218
references.citation: HNO. 1976 Apr;24(4):134-7
references.pmid: 965263
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2002 Jul-Aug;26(4):267-73
references.pmid: 12397449
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1967 Apr;39(4):382-6
references.pmid: 5336910
references.citation: Strahlentherapie. 1979 Sep;155(9):614-7
references.pmid: 505467
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002 Sep 1;110(3):827-30
references.pmid: 12172146
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1962 Aug;30:236-46
references.pmid: 13919592
references.citation: Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1977 Apr 20;216(1):123-250
references.pmid: 324461
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Nov;108(6):1487-90; discussion 1491
references.pmid: 11711914
references.citation: Facial Plast Surg. 1994 Jul;10(3):298-308
references.pmid: 7835734
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg (1946). 1955 May;15(5):411-8
references.pmid: 14384519
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Jan;115(1):5e-16e
references.pmid: 15622225
references.citation: HNO. 1980 Jul;28(7):234-40
references.pmid: 7007300
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg (1946). 1953 Sep;12(3):208-10
references.pmid: 13100083
references.citation: AMA Arch Otolaryngol. 1959 Oct;70:454-8
references.pmid: 13825114
references.citation: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986 Apr;112(4):388-97
references.pmid: 3511925
references.citation: Scan Electron Microsc. 1982;(Pt 4):1699-713
references.pmid: 7184146
references.citation: HNO. 1999 Aug;47(8):688-94
references.pmid: 10506494
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg Transplant Bull. 1961 Oct;28:412-6
references.pmid: 13880001
references.citation: Monatsschr Ohrenheilkd Laryngorhinol. 1968;102(8):468-77
references.pmid: 5726598
references.citation: HNO. 1982 Jul;30(7):272-4
references.pmid: 6981632
references.citation: Ann Plast Surg. 1989 Oct;23(4):369-74
references.pmid: 2817721
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001 Jan;59(1):9-13; discussion 13-4
references.pmid: 11152198
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Sep 15;108(4):1045-51; discussion 1052-3
references.pmid: 11547170
references.citation: HNO. 1990 Jun;38(6):214-6
references.pmid: 2199417
references.citation: Clin Plast Surg. 1990 Apr;17(2):305-18
references.pmid: 2189645
references.citation: J Laryngol Otol. 1981 Sep;95(9):9881-92
references.pmid: 7026708
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 1991 Aug;101(8):883-8
references.pmid: 1865738
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003 Nov-Dec;27(6):446-53
references.pmid: 14994169
references.citation: J Craniofac Surg. 2003 Sep;14(5):643-53
references.pmid: 14501322
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1971 Jul;48(1):86-7
references.pmid: 5556725
references.citation: Facial Plast Surg. 1994 Jul;10(3):287-97
references.pmid: 7835733
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1963 Nov;32:509-18
references.pmid: 14078273
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1952 Oct;5(3):187-96
references.pmid: 12987613
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1968 Sep;42(3):189-93
references.pmid: 4878456
references.citation: Laryngorhinootologie. 1991 Nov;70(11):620-4
references.pmid: 1801826
references.citation: Skin Therapy Lett. 2005 Mar;10(2):7-9
references.pmid: 15986079
references.citation: Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2005 Nov-Dec;29(6):565-6
references.pmid: 16382372
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1963 Jul;16:268-72
references.pmid: 14042756
references.citation: HNO. 2006 Aug;54(8):643-52; quiz 653-4
references.pmid: 16614840
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1951 Oct;4(3):202-6
references.pmid: 14886574
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Aug;112(2):575-83
references.pmid: 12900617
references.citation: Facial Plast Surg. 1994 Jul;10(3):267-76
references.pmid: 7835731
references.citation: HNO. 2005 Mar;53(3):230-7
references.pmid: 15719248
references.citation: Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1986 Nov;65(11):646-51
references.pmid: 2949126
references.citation: HNO. 1983 Jun;31(6):183-92
references.pmid: 6347994
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1999 Oct;52(7):588-90
references.pmid: 10658116
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 2003 Jun;113(6):952-6
references.pmid: 12782804
references.citation: Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989 Jun;83(6):967-75
references.pmid: 2727169
references.citation: Br J Plast Surg. 1963 Apr;16:170-8
references.pmid: 13936895
references.citation: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1978 Jun 30;128(13):397-9
references.pmid: 676327
references.citation: J Laryngol Otol. 1985 Mar;99(3):221-4
references.pmid: 3882865