title: [Effective analysis of percutaneous reduction and Kirschner pin fixation for the treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce and evaluate the clinical effects of percutaneous reduction and Kirschner pin fixation for the treatment of intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2001 to February 2009,12 patients with intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated by percutaneous reduction and Kirschner pin fixation (13 feet). There were 8 males and 4 females,ranging in age from 3 to 14,with an average of 8.7 years. According to Essex-Lopresti classification, among 5 feet were tongue fractures and 8 feet were compressed fractures. According to Sanders classification, 9 feet were type II and 4 feet were type III. The Biihler angle and Gissane angle of the calcaneus were obtained before and after operation. All patients were evaluated according to Maryland Foot Score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients were followed up for 16-71 months (means 35.9 months),and all the incisions were healed without complications and infection. The preoperative X-ray film showed that Böhler angle was (19.7+/-5.3) degrees, Gissane angle was (137.3+/-7.5) degrees. The postoperative X-ray film demonstrated that Böhler angle was (32.6+/-3.7) degrees, Gissane angle was (125.4+/-2.9) degrees. There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative (P<0.01). The average Maryland score was 96.3+/-2.4 (range, 92 to 100 points).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous reduction and Kirschner pin fixation is an effective minimally invasive way to treat intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus in children, it has many advantages such as minimal invasion, reliable fixation and satisfactory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Yueqing Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-sheng
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ying-yao
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ke-lun
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ju-han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jian-guang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Can-zhen
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Li-cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male