title: Prevalence and sequence variation of panton-valentine leukocidin in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus strains in the United States.
abstract: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), encoded by the lukSF-PV genes, is a putative virulence factor and marker for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Here we report the prevalence of PVL among a representative sample of 1,055 S. aureus infection isolates from the United States and describe the sequence variation of the lukSF-PV genes. We performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on all isolates and sequenced fragments of the lukSF-PV genes from a sample of 86 isolates. We assigned isolates to a PVL R or H sequence type based on a polymorphism that results in an amino acid change from arginine (R) to histidine (H). Overall, we found that 36% of S. aureus isolates were positive for lukSF-PV. Among the 86 we typed, we identified 72 R variants and 14 H variants. Among the 47 methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, 43 harbored the R variant, and among the 39 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, 29 harbored the R variant. Almost all (97%) of the R variants were found in MLST clonal complex 8 (CC8), while the H variant was broadly distributed among 6 CCs. Within CC8, all 38 MRSA (USA300) and all 28 MSSA isolates harbored the R variant. Of the 20 isolates from blood and the lower respiratory tract, 19 (95%) harbored the R variant. While the R variant had been linked primarily to USA300 MRSA, we found that all CC8 MSSA isolates also contained the R variant, suggesting that some strains of USA300 may have lost methicillin resistance as an adaptation in the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computational Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: F Patrick
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: O'Hara
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Close
authors.forename: Robertino M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mera
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Suaya
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amrine-Madsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014481:United States; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin; D037521:Virulence Factors
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