title: Novel roles of Caenorhabditis elegans heterochromatin protein HP1 and linker histone in the regulation of innate immune gene expression.
abstract: Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) are essential components of heterochromatin which contribute to the transcriptional repression of genes. It has been shown that the methylation mark of vertebrate histone H1 is specifically recognized by the chromodomain of HP1. However, the exact biological role of linker histone binding to HP1 has not been determined. Here, we investigate the function of the Caenorhabditis elegans H1 variant HIS-24 and the HP1-like proteins HPL-1 and HPL-2 in the cooperative transcriptional regulation of immune-relevant genes. We provide the first evidence that HPL-1 interacts with HIS-24 monomethylated at lysine 14 (HIS-24K14me1) and associates in vivo with promoters of genes involved in antimicrobial response. We also report an increase in overall cellular levels and alterations in the distribution of HIS-24K14me1 after infection with pathogenic bacteria. HIS-24K14me1 localization changes from being mostly nuclear to both nuclear and cytoplasmic in the intestinal cells of infected animals. Our results highlight an antimicrobial role of HIS-24K14me1 and suggest a functional link between epigenetic regulation by an HP1/H1 complex and the innate immune system in C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Genes and Behavior, Epigenetics in C elegans Group, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Studencka
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konzer
authors.forename: Gael
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moneron
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Opitz
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salinas-Riester
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bedet
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Stefan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hell
authors.forename: Jacek R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palladino
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jedrusik-Bode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C525194:HPL-1 protein, C elegans; C514742:HPL-2 protein, C elegans; D006657:Histones
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