title: National reference doses for dental cephalometric radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are an important tool in the optimisation of clinical radiography. Although national DRLs are provided for many diagnostic procedures including dental intra-oral radiography, there are currently no national DRLs set for cephalometric radiography. In the absence of formal national DRLs, the Health Protection Agency (HPA) has previously published National Reference Doses (NRDs) covering a wide range of diagnostic X-ray examinations. The aim of this study was to determine provisional NRDs for cephalometric radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements made by the Dental X-ray Protection Service (DXPS) of the HPA, as part of the cephalometric X-ray equipment testing service provided to dentists and dental trade companies throughout the UK, were used to derive provisional NRDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-area product measurements were made on 42 X-ray sets. Third quartile dose-area product values for adult and child lateral cephalometric radiography were found to be 41 mGy cm² and 25 mGy cm², respectively, with individual measurements ranging from 3 mGy cm² to 108 mGy cm².
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report proposes provisional NRDs of 40 mGy cm² and 25 mGy cm² for adult and child lateral cephalometric radiographs, respectively; these doses could be considered by employers when establishing their local DRLs.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Services Department, Health Protection Agency, Leeds, UK. john.holroyd@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Holroyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry; D012015:Reference Standards; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
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