title: Inhibitory effects of garcinol and pterostilbene on cell proliferation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effects of garcinol and pterostilbene on cell proliferation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The results showed that garcinol and pterostilbene decreased the cell population growth and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During adipocyte differentiation, both garcinol and pterostilbene had inhibitory effects on fat droplet formation and triacylglycerol accumulation. The data indicated that garcinol and pterostilbene could inhibit the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity by 97.8 and 61.5%, respectively, as compared to the control. Both garcinol and pterostilbene significantly attenuated the protein expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, garcinol and pterostilbene caused an inhibition of lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation phase. Garcinol and pterostilbene also significantly up-regulated the gene expression of adiponectin as well as down-regulated the gene expressions of leptin, resistin, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, garcinol significantly down-regulated the protein expressions of PPARγ and FAS as well as up-regulated the protein expressions of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and adiponectin. Garcinol also significantly up-regulated the gene expression of adiponectin as well as down-regulated the gene expressions of leptin and FAS. These results suggest that garcinol and pterostilbene have anti-adipogenic effects on preadipocytes and adipocytes.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Yu-Jyun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Gow-Chin
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D013267:Stilbenes; D013729:Terpenes; C107773:pterostilbene; C054597:garcinol