title: Nutritional status of intellectual disabled persons with Down syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the nutritional status in young adults with Down syndrome (DS).
  
  
  METHODS
  38 persons, 15 (39.5%) women and 23 (60.5%) men (age range 16-38 years) with DS. Body composition was analyzed from anthropometric parameters according to standard protocols, levels of physical activity and nutrient intake was determined using validated questionnaires: a 72 h recall and consumption food frequency questionnaire (recorded by the tutors of the participants). The following biochemical parameters were estimated: blood lipids profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), glucose, uric acid, proteins (ferritin and transferrin), minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg and Se) and vitamins (B12, B9, E, C and β-carotene). The data were statistically analysed with Student t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 38 participants, 36.8% were overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m²) and 36.8% were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m²). The BMI differed from women to men (P<0.001) (29.1±4.3 and 27.9±4.6 kg/m², respectively). The average values of the biochemical parameters, except for uric acid, both in women and men were within normal ranges. The average energy intake was 1,909±337 and 2,260±284 kcal/day for women and men, respectively. The contribution of proteins to total caloric intake was 18.8 and 16.3% for women and men, respectively, while carbohydrates contributed 43.3 and 45.6%, and lipids 37.9 and 38.1%. All participants were sedentary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group presented a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Further research is required in the development and evaluation of appropriate intervention programs to improve their nutritional status and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Tecnología de la Alimentación y Nutrición, Universidad Católica San Antonio, and Unidad de Nutrición y Dietética, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soler Marín
authors.forename: J Ma
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Xandri Graupera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000523:psychology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid