title: [Effects of paraquat on the learning and memory ability in developing mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the damages of paraquat to the learning and memory ability of developing mice and explore the possible mechanism involving oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty healthy Kunming mice in aged 21 days were divided into 4 groups randomly: a control group (distilled water) and three paraquat treatment groups. The doses of paraquat were 0.89, 2.67 and 8mg/kg body weight, respectively. Paraquat was administered orally in doses of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight, respectively, once a day and for 28 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test and the shuttling and avoid dark box test were used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. The levels of MDA and the activities of SOD and GSH-PX were detected according to the commercial kits manual using a microplate reader.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morris water maze test showed that the escape latency of mice after paraquat treatment (57.98 +/- 2.78, 62.35 +/- 3.18, 85.57 +/- 5.10) were significantly increase compared with the control (21.74 +/- 1.36), respectively (P < 0.05). There were good dose-response relationship (R = 0.8629, P < 0.05). The shuttling and avoid dark box test showed that initiative avoidance latency of mice after paraquat treatment (5.56 +/- 0.29, 6.08 +/- 0.22, 8.32 +/- 0.38) were significantly increase compared with the control (3.50 +/- 0.13), respectively (P < 0.05). There were good dose-response relationship (R = 0.9579, P < 0.05). The levels of MDA in serum of mice in paraquat treatment groups (2.67 and 8 mg/kg) (24.76 +/- 1.76, 31.10 +/- 4.57) and in hippocampus of mice in each paraquat treatment groups were significantly increase compared with the control (serum: 16.38 +/- 6.26, hippocampus: 1.93 +/- 0.39) (P < 0.05, respectively). The activities of SOD in serum and hippocampus of mice in each paraquat treatment groups were significantly decrease compared with the control (serum: 213.25 +/- 6.78, hippocampus: 197.36 +/- 6.37) (P < 0.05, respectively). The activities of GSH-PX in serum and hippocampus of mice in each paraquat treatment groups were significantly decrease compared with the control (serum: 583.47 +/- 11.23, hippocampus: 412.38 +/- 13.16) (P < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paraquat can induce the oxidative damage in hippocampus, and then influence the learning and memory abilities of developing mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010269:Paraquat