title: Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid and phosphoric acid in calcium hydroxide removal from the root canal: a microscopic cleanliness evaluation.
abstract: Rooted molars were subjected to standardized canal instrumentation to a master apical file (MAF). The samples were dressed with Ca(OH)(2), and after 7 days, teeth were reopened and Ca(OH)(2) medication was removed by 1 of 4 different experimental procedures: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (n = 10); 17% EDTA-T (n = 10); 10% citric acid (n = 10); or 37% phosphoric acid (n = 10). This was followed by reinstrumentation with MAF plus 15 mL saline solution. The roots were prepared for scanning electron microscopic analysis of the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. EDTA-T and phosphoric acid gave the best results in the apical third, with significant statistical differences compared with other groups. NaOCl gave the worst results. Irrigation with 17% EDTA-T and 37% phosphoric acid is more effective than sodium hypochlorite and citric acid in the removal of calcium hydroxide from the apical third.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil. melo_juliana@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Juliana Melo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Elizandra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Laiìs
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Oscar F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Pessoa
mesh_terms: D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012997:Solvents; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C030242:phosphoric acid; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide