title: Carbendazim impends hepatic necrosis when combined with imazalil or cypermethrin.
abstract: Imazalil, cypermethrin and carbendazim are detected in plants for human nutrition. To explore whether their combinations, applied orally in low doses, would induce changes in metabolic patterns and hepatotoxicity, a subchronic in vivo experiment was conducted. Doses of 10mg/kg of imazalil (im) and cypermethrin (cy) and 20 mg/kg of carbendazim (car) and their combinations (im, 10 mg/kg+cy, 10mg/kg; im, 10mg/kg+car, 20mg/kg; car, 20 mg/kg + im, 10 mg/kg) were given to Swiss mice daily over 28 days. After 24 hr from the last dose, the relationships of cytotoxicity biomarkers were analysed: serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine and total proteins. Individual pesticides showed different toxic potential (cy>im car) generally characterized by increase in enzyme activities. Histological analysis showed that cypermethrin, but not imazalil or carbendazim, alone can cause mild necrosis. Combinations generally caused decrease in the activity of enzymes, indicating liver damage. Low doses of carbendazim in combination with low doses of imazalil or cypermethrin caused very pronounced hepatic necrosis, more than any of the three individually applied pesticides or combination of imazalil and cypermethrin. In fruits and vegetables for human consumption, residues of these three pesticides and prolonged combined intake of low doses, which by themselves acutely would not cause any effect, may have similar hepatotoxic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. magistar_djikic1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Domagoj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dikić
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Landeka
authors.forename: Fabijan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knežević
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojsović-Ćuić
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benković
authors.forename: Anica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horvat-Knežević
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lončar
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teparić
authors.forename: Dunja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rogić
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D015415:Biomarkers; D002219:Carbamates; D007093:Imidazoles; D010575:Pesticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; C017435:enilconazole; C006698:carbendazim