title: Empirical findings on legal difficulties among practicing psychiatrists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article reviews the published literature on areas of legal difficulty among practicing psychiatrists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search using PubMed identified studies of malpractice lawsuits or medical board discipline of psychiatrists between 1990 and 2009. Eight studies of physician discipline in the United States and one from the United Kingdom were identified. Information from 3 insurance companies and 3 sets of aggregated insurance company data also were available. One follow-up study of hospitalized psychiatric patients also was reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies of medical board discipline indicate that, compared with other specialties, psychiatrists are at an increased risk of disciplinary action. Psychiatrists who were female, board certified, and in practice for a short period of time had a lower chance of medical board discipline. Psychiatry claims accounted for a very small proportion of overall malpractice claims and settlements. The amount of patient disability secondary to alleged malpractice was the most important variable predicting insurance payout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychiatrists appear to be disciplined by medical boards at an above-average frequency compared with other medical specialties. However, few malpractice suits reach the courts, and psychiatry represents a very small proportion of overall physician malpractice claims and dollars of settlement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA. james.reich@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013044:Specialty Boards / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States