title: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of Kalanchoe gracilis (L.) DC stem.
abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation are related to several chronic diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis. Kalanchoe gracilis (L.) DC is a special folk medicinal plant in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract and fractions of the stem of K. gracilis. TEAC, total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were analyzed. Among all fractions, the chloroform fraction showed the highest TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The chloroform fraction also had the highest content of polyphenols and flavonoids. Chloroform fractions also decreased LPS-induced NO production and expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. The antiproliferative activities of the methanolic extract and fractions were studied in vitro using HepG2 cells, and the results were consistent with their antioxidant capacities. Chloroform fractions had the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC(50) of 136.85 ± 2.32 μg/ml. Eupafolin also had good pharmacological activity in the antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antiproliferative. Eupafolin might be an important bioactive compound in the stem of K. gracilis. The above experimental data indicated that the stem of K. gracilis is a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and such efficacy may be mainly attributed to its polyphenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Zhen-Rung
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Shun-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tai-Hung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shang-Chih
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Jen-Chieh
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Ching-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guan-Jhong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yuan-Shiun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D054697:Cytostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D031962:Kalanchoe / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D054697:Cytostatic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts