title: Inflammatory and growth factor response to continuous and intermittent exercise in youth with cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) tend to suffer from chronic systemic inflammation and may have impaired growth associated with muscle catabolism. Therefore, investigating which type of exercise can elicit an anabolic response with minimal inflammation is of clinical value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve children with CF (mean±SD; age: 14.7±2.3 years, predicted FEV(1): 90.0±21.6%) and biological age-matched controls (age: 13.9±2.1 years) completed moderate-intensity, continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity, intermittent exercise (HIIE) on separate days. During each exercise, blood was drawn at various time points and analyzed for immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, and growth mediators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At rest, children with CF had higher concentrations of neutrophils and IL-6 compared with controls. In children with CF, HIIE did not affect immune cell subsets or cytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). All immune cell subsets and IL-6 increased significantly with MICE in both groups. Growth hormone (GH) increased with both types of exercise, with a greater change from rest during MICE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIIE was a sufficient stimulus to increase GH in children with CF, without affecting systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Child Health & Exercise Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Thanh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.forename: Hilde E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Ploeger
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takken
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedder
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Timmons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood*; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors