title: The Nox family of NADPH oxidases: friend or foe of the vascular system?
abstract: NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases are important sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the vascular system, ROS can have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Under physiologic conditions, ROS are involved in signaling pathways that regulate vascular tone as well as cellular processes like proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, high doses of ROS, which are produced after induction or activation of NADPH oxidases in response to cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation, contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. In vascular cells, the NADPH oxidase isoforms Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed, which differ in their activity, response to stimuli, and the type of ROS released. This review focuses on the specific role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in vascular physiology and their potential contributions to vascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Fachbereich Medizin der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takac
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Ralf P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Brandes
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
references.citation: Circ Res. 2004 Oct 15;95(8):773-9
references.pmid: 15388638
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2677-85
references.pmid: 16246966
references.citation: Biol Chem. 2006 Dec;387(12):1521-33
references.pmid: 17132097
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Dec 15;552(1-3):131-4
references.pmid: 17064681
references.citation: Circ Res. 2005 Nov 11;97(10):1055-62
references.pmid: 16210546
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Aug 1;45(3):329-35
references.pmid: 18466778
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Feb 07;6(2):e14665
references.pmid: 21326871
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Nov;30(11):2234-41
references.pmid: 20814013
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Feb 15;42(4):446-59
references.pmid: 17275676
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 Jul 6;89(1):47-54
references.pmid: 11440977
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 2010 Dec;342(3):325-39
references.pmid: 21052718
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010 Jan;298(1):H24-32
references.pmid: 19837950
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Nov;54(5):1028-34
references.pmid: 19770407
references.citation: Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1393-7
references.pmid: 17717153
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):6017-24
references.pmid: 11744698
references.citation: Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1616-22
references.pmid: 19805647
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 15;286(15):13304-13
references.pmid: 21343298
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Feb;31(2):423-34
references.pmid: 21071703
references.citation: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Mar-Apr;7(3-4):308-17
references.pmid: 15706079
references.citation: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005 Nov;39(5):725-32
references.pmid: 16122755
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 30;363(27):2600-10
references.pmid: 21190454
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Aug 1;43(3):332-47
references.pmid: 17602948
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Dec;299(6):F1348-58
references.pmid: 20630933
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Feb 1;65(2):495-504
references.pmid: 15639489
references.citation: Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1115-8
references.pmid: 21179168
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 19;107(42):18121-6
references.pmid: 20921387
references.citation: Circ Res. 2001 May 11;88(9):888-94
references.pmid: 11348997
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Apr;29(4):480-7
references.pmid: 19150879
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Nov 25;52(22):1803-9
references.pmid: 19022160
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 20;285(34):26545-57
references.pmid: 20558727
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 May 10;111(18):2347-55
references.pmid: 15867174
references.citation: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Jun;11(6):1279-87
references.pmid: 19061439
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Aug;217(2):340-9
references.pmid: 21524749
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Apr 13;109(14):1795-801
references.pmid: 15037533
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Feb 2;121(4):549-59
references.pmid: 20083677
references.citation: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Aug 15;15(4):915-23
references.pmid: 21050133
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(24):10703-17
references.pmid: 15572675
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Sep 11;105(6):537-44
references.pmid: 19679834
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Apr;24(4):677-83
references.pmid: 14670934
references.citation: Basic Res Cardiol. 2011 Jun;106(4):527-38
references.pmid: 21528437
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Feb;110(2):520-7
references.pmid: 21127212
references.citation: Circulation. 2011 Aug 9;124(6):731-40
references.pmid: 21788590
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Jun;216(2):321-6
references.pmid: 21411092
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Jan 20;109(2):227-33
references.pmid: 14718399
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2007 Jan;87(1):245-313
references.pmid: 17237347
references.citation: J Physiol. 2006 Oct 15;576(Pt 2):557-67
references.pmid: 16873416
references.citation: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2009 Apr;9(2):208-13
references.pmid: 18973829
references.citation: Circ Res. 2010 May 14;106(9):1489-97
references.pmid: 20360249
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011 Jan;300(1):H397-407
references.pmid: 20971763
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2668-76
references.pmid: 16230485
references.citation: Hypertension. 2007 Jul;50(1):189-96
references.pmid: 17502491
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 May;300(5):F1047-53
references.pmid: 21345976
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 May 21;285(21):16239-47
references.pmid: 20228065
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2006 Jan 23;580(2):497-504
references.pmid: 16386251
references.citation: Am J Nephrol. 2010;32(6):581-9
references.pmid: 21071935
references.citation: Curr Cardiol Rep. 2008 Nov;10(6):464-9
references.pmid: 18950555
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Aug 1;114(5):404-413
references.pmid: 16864727
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Jul 18;103(2):212-20
references.pmid: 18583711
references.citation: Circ Res. 2000 Jul 7;87(1):26-32
references.pmid: 10884368
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Jun;20(6):1529-35
references.pmid: 10845868
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Nov 15;37(10):1542-9
references.pmid: 15477006
references.citation: J Immunol. 2011 Mar 1;186(5):3015-22
references.pmid: 21278346
references.citation: Genes Cells. 2005 Dec;10(12):1139-51
references.pmid: 16324151
references.citation: Circ Res. 2010 Apr 2;106(6):1117-28
references.pmid: 20167927
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 May 23;102(10):1182-91
references.pmid: 18451337
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Mar;31(3):560-6
references.pmid: 21205985
references.citation: Circ J. 2010 May;74(5):818-26
references.pmid: 20424337
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2006 Aug;169(2):719-28
references.pmid: 16877369
references.citation: Immunity. 2008 Oct 17;29(4):551-64
references.pmid: 18957266
references.citation: Hypertension. 2009 Mar;53(3):556-63
references.pmid: 19204183
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 May;29(5):739-45
references.pmid: 19213944
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 7;107(36):15774-9
references.pmid: 20798033
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2009 Dec 21;206(13):2889-96
references.pmid: 19934023
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jan;27(1):42-8
references.pmid: 17082491
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Jun;10(6):453-71
references.pmid: 21629295
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2011 Jul;80(1):51-60
references.pmid: 21368743
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011 Feb;300(2):C256-65
references.pmid: 21123734
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Jan 30;104(2):210-8, 21p following 218
references.pmid: 19096031
references.citation: Circ Res. 2007 Apr 13;100(7):1016-25
references.pmid: 17363703
references.citation: Circ Res. 2010 Oct 15;107(8):1002-10
references.pmid: 20798361
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Aug;27(8):1736-43
references.pmid: 17541028
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Jun 1;121(21):2310-6
references.pmid: 20479156
references.citation: Hypertension. 2011 Sep;58(3):446-53
references.pmid: 21810651
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 21;278(47):47291-8
references.pmid: 12958309
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008 Oct;19(5):513-8
references.pmid: 18769233
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 Jan;296(1):R72-9
references.pmid: 18987286
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Jul 18;103(2):149-58
references.pmid: 18566342
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jun;31(6):1255-7
references.pmid: 21593458
references.citation: Circulation. 2000 Mar 21;101(11):1234-6
references.pmid: 10725280
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2008 Jul 18;266(1):37-52
references.pmid: 18406051
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Aug;217(2):326-30
references.pmid: 21511256
references.citation: Nat Med. 2009 Sep;15(9):1077-81
references.pmid: 19701206
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Sep 14;122(11 Suppl):S66-73
references.pmid: 20837928
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jun;31(6):1368-76
references.pmid: 21415386
references.citation: Basic Res Cardiol. 2011 Jun;106(4):551-61
references.pmid: 21399967
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2005 Aug;167(2):599-607
references.pmid: 16049343
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):H2284-9
references.pmid: 12855428
references.citation: Curr Hypertens Rep. 2006 Jun;8(3):232-41
references.pmid: 17147922