title: [Chronobiological aspects of obesity and metabolic syndrome].
abstract: Circadian rhythms (approximately 24h) are widely characterized at molecular level and their generation is acknowledged to originate from oscillations in expression of several clock genes and from regulation of their protein products. While general entrainment of organisms to environmental light-dark cycles is mainly achieved through the master clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in mammals, this molecular clockwork is functional in several organs and tissues. Some studies have suggested that disruption of the circadian system (chronodisruption (CD)) may be causal for manifestations of the metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes (1) how molecular clocks coordinate metabolism and their specific role in the adipocyte; (2) the genetic aspects of and scientific evidence for obesity as a chronobiological illness; and (3) CD and its causes and pathological consequences. Finally, ideas about use of chronobiology for the treatment of obesity are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España.
authors.forename: Purificación
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez-Abellán
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Madrid
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovás
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garaulet
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D019454:Chronotherapy; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D056931:Cryptochromes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020179:Jet Lag Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; C538960:BMAL1 protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; C538963:CRY1 protein, human; D056931:Cryptochromes; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; C421902:PER2 protein, human; D047495:PPAR gamma; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin