title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical function in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and physical function in adults of advanced age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of physical function over 3 years of follow-up in the Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forsyth County, North Carolina; Sacramento County, California; Washington County, Maryland; and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling adults aged 77 to 100 (N = 988).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and grip and knee extensor strength assessed at baseline. Mobility disability (difficulty walking half a mile or up 10 steps) and activities of daily living (ADLs) disability were assessed at baseline and every 6 months over 3 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost one-third (30.8%) of participants were deficient in 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL). SPPB scores were lower in those with deficient 25(OH)D (mean (standard error) 6.53 (0.24)) than in those with sufficient 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL) (7.15 (0.25)) after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, season, health behaviors, and chronic conditions (P = .006). Grip strength adjusted for body size was also lower in those with deficient 25(OH)D than in those with sufficient 25(OH)D (24.7 (0.6) kg vs 26.0 (0.6) kg, P = .02). Participants with deficient 25(OH)D were more likely to have prevalent mobility (OR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.96-2.14) and ADL disability (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.01-2.25) at baseline than those with sufficient 25(OH)D. Furthermore, participants with deficient 25(OH)D were at greater risk of incident mobility disability over 3 years of follow-up (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.06-2.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency was common and was associated with poorer physical performance, lower muscle strength, and prevalent mobility and ADL disability in community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency predicted incident mobility disability.
authors.affiliation: Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA. dhouston@wakehealth.edu
authors.forename: Denise K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tooze
authors.forename: Cralen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Paulo H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Calvin H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Alice M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012016:Reference Values; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
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