title: Expression of transglutaminase-2 isoforms in normal human tissues and cancer cell lines: dysregulation of alternative splicing in cancer.
abstract: The multiple enzymatic activities and functions of transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) may be attributed to alternative TG2 molecules produced by differential splicing of TG2 mRNA. Different RNA transcripts of the human TG2 gene (TGM2) have been identified, but the expression of TG2 multiple transcripts has never been systematically addressed. We have confirmed and rationalized the main TG2 variants and developed a screening assay for the detection of alternative splicing of TG2, based on real-time reverse-transcription PCR. We have quantified the multiple TG2 transcripts in a wide range of normal tissues and in cancer cell lines from four different sites of origin. Our data show a significant correlation in the expression of canonical and alternative TG2 isoforms in normal human tissue, but differences in alternative splicing of TG2 in cancer cell lines, suggesting that in cancer cells the alternative splicing of TG2 is a more active process.
authors.affiliation: The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre and Biomedical, Life and Health Sciences Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Phatak
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rameshaiah Setty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarpellini
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McArdle
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Verderio
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; C000717608:TGM2 protein, human; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins