title: Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor levels in patients with burn injuries and inhalation trauma requiring mechanical ventilation: an observational cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been proposed as a biologic marker of fibrinolysis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of systemic and pulmonary levels of suPAR in burn patients with inhalation trauma who need mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  suPAR was measured in plasma and nondirected lung-lavage fluid of mechanically ventilated burn patients with inhalation trauma. The samples were obtained on the day of inhalation trauma and on alternate days thereafter until patients were completely weaned from the mechanical ventilator. Mechanically ventilated patients without burns and without pulmonary disease served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic levels of suPAR in burn patients with inhalation trauma were not different from those in control patients. On admission and follow up, pulmonary levels of suPAR in patients with inhalation trauma were significantly higher compared with controls. Pulmonary levels of suPAR highly correlated with pulmonary levels of interleukin 6, a marker of inflammation, and thrombin-antithrombin complexes, markers of coagulation, but not plasminogen activator activity, a marker of fibrinolysis. Systemic levels of suPAR were predictive of the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay were significantly longer in burn-injury patients with systemic suPAR levels > 9.5 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary levels of suPAR are elevated in burn patients with inhalation trauma, and they correlate with pulmonary inflammation and coagulation. Although pulmonary levels of suPAR may have diagnostic value in burn-injury patients, systemic levels of suPAR have prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. yarabackes@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Backes
authors.forename: Koenraad F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: van der Sluijs
authors.forename: Anita M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tuip de Boer
authors.forename: Jorrit Jan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hofstra
authors.forename: Alexander P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vlaar
authors.forename: Rogier M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Determann
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knape
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002056:Burns / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
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