title: Poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles and aluminum adjuvant used as an adjuvant with a single dose of Japanese encephalitis virus-like particles provide effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus.
abstract: To maintain immunity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine should be administered several times. The repeated vaccination is not helpful in the case of a sudden outbreak of JEV or when urgent travel to a high-JEV-risk region is required; however, there are few single-injection JE vaccine options. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a single dose of a new effective JE virus-like particle preparation containing the JE envelope protein (JE-VLP). Although single administration with JE-VLP protected less than 50% of mice against lethal JEV infection, adding poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles (γ-PGA-NPs) or aluminum adjuvant (alum) to JE-VLP significantly protected more than 90% of the mice. A single injection of JE-VLP with either γ-PGA-NPs or alum induced a significantly greater anti-JEV neutralizing antibody titer than JE-VLP alone. The enhanced titers were maintained for more than 6 months, resulting in long-lasting protection of 90% of the immunized mice. Although the vaccine design needs further modification to reach 100% protection, a single dose of JE-VLP with γ-PGA-NPs may be a useful step in developing a next-generation vaccine to stop a JE outbreak or to immunize travelers or military personnel.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, Division of Biomedical Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Asato
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Toyokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Takami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000276:immunology*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D000535:Aluminum
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