title: Drug instrumentalization and evolution: Going even further.
abstract: Müller & Schumann (M&S) deserve applause for their interdisciplinary examination of drug use, evolution, and learning. Further steps can deepen their evolutionary analysis: a focus on adaptive benefits, a distinction between approach and consummatory behaviors, an examination of how drugs can create adaptive lag through changing human niche construction, the importance of other neurobehavioral mechanisms in drug use besides instrumentalization, and the importance of sociocultural dynamics and neural plasticity in both human evolution and drug use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620. dlende@usf.edu http://blogs.plos.org/neuroanthropology/
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lende
mesh_terms: D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D012651:Self Medication / Q000523:psychology*