title: Malignant melanoma in the elderly: different regional disease and poorer prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Age is a poor prognostic factor in melanoma patients. Elderly melanoma patients have a different presentation and clinical course than younger patients. We evaluated the impact of age ≥70 years (yrs) on the diagnosis and natural history of melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 610 patients with malignant melanoma entered into a prospective sentinel lymph node (SLN) database, treated from June 1997 to June 2010. Disease characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between patients ≥70 yrs vs. <70 yrs of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  237 patients (39%) were ≥70 yrs. Elderly patients had a higher proportion of head and neck melanomas (34% vs. 20%, p<0.001), and greater mean tumor thickness (2.4mm vs. 1.8mm, p<0.001). A greater proportion of T3 or T4 melanoma was seen in the elderly (p<0.001) as well as a greater mean number of mitotic figures: 3.6/mm(2) vs. 2.7/mm(2) (p=0.005). Despite greater mean thickness, the incidence of SLN metastases was less in the ≥70 yrs group with T3/T4 melanomas (18% vs. 33%, p=0.02). The elderly had a higher rate of local and in-transit recurrences, 14.5% vs. 3.4% at 5 yrs (p<0.001). 5 yr disease-specific mortality and overall mortality were worse for those ≥70 yrs: 16% vs. 8% (p=0.004), and 30% vs. 12% (p<0.001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly (≥70 yrs) melanoma patients present with thicker melanomas and a higher mitotic rate but have fewer SLN metastases. Melanoma in the elderly is more common on the head and neck. Higher incidence of local/in-transit metastases is seen among the elderly. Five-year disease-specific mortality and overall mortality are both worse for these patients.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Amylou C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Dueck
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wasif
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekulic
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pockaj
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