title: Effects of lidocaine infiltration on cost of rhinoplasty made under general anesthesia.
abstract: This study aimed to compare the effects of combined and noncombined lidocaine with adrenaline infiltration in general anesthesia (GA) procedures, in which the standard anesthesia depth is monitored by Bispectral Index monitoring, on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) levels and the costs. Following approval by the local ethics committee, an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II group of 40 adult patients for whom elective rhinoplasties under GA were planned was divided into 2 double-blind randomized groups. In group 1, GA and lidocaine + adrenaline were administered, whereas in group 2, only GA and adrenaline were administered. All the patients who had been taken to the operation room underwent electrocardiography and measurements of the peripheral oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and Bispectral Index monitoring. Using the operation time and the MAC% values, the total consumed inhalation agent amounts were calculated, and the cost difference was determined. The mean blood pressure values were lower in group 1 (P < 0.05). In group 1, the MAC% was 20.83% lower than that of group 2; the consumed desflurane amount was 20.29%, and the cost was 20.29% lower than that of group 2 (P < 0.05). In rhinoplasties under GA, the lidocaine + adrenaline combination infiltration not only decreased inhaled anesthetic requirement and cost but also supported the hemodynamic stability. In addition, surgical satisfaction increased in the lidocaine + adrenaline group because of small number of agitated patients during the recovery period.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine School of Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Goktas
authors.forename: Daghan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kati
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Atik
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soyoral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000191:economics*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D000077335:Desflurane; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008012:Lidocaine; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D004837:Epinephrine