title: The role of neuromodulators in selective attention.
abstract: Several classes of neurotransmitters exert modulatory effects on a broad and diverse population of neurons throughout the brain. Some of these neuromodulators, especially acetylcholine and dopamine, have long been implicated in the neural control of selective attention. We review recent evidence and evolving ideas about the importance of these neuromodulatory systems in attention, particularly visual selective attention. We conclude that, although our understanding of their role in the neural circuitry of selective attention remains rudimentary, recent research has begun to suggest unique contributions of neuromodulators to different forms of attention, such as bottom-up and top-down attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Behrad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noudoost
authors.forename: Tirin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
references.citation: Neuron. 2009 Sep 24;63(6):879-88
references.pmid: 19778515
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1994 Jul;14(7):4467-80
references.pmid: 8027789
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005 Feb;48(1):98-111
references.pmid: 15708630
references.citation: Brain. 1992 Jun;115 ( Pt 3):711-33
references.pmid: 1628198
references.citation: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;16(2):181-91
references.pmid: 1579636
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 2;29(48):15169-77
references.pmid: 19955369
references.citation: Synapse. 1998 Jan;28(1):10-20
references.pmid: 9414013
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2004 Jun;8(6):261-5
references.pmid: 15165551
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1992 Apr;67(4):961-80
references.pmid: 1588394
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Aug;132(4):324-34
references.pmid: 9298509
references.citation: Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):888-91
references.pmid: 21836018
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2008 Apr;18(4):817-27
references.pmid: 17652468
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2009;32:267-87
references.pmid: 19555290
references.citation: Brain Res Bull. 1988 Sep;21(3):401-10
references.pmid: 3145784
references.citation: Nature. 2011 May 15;474(7351):372-5
references.pmid: 21572439
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2005 Jan;93(1):337-51
references.pmid: 15317836
references.citation: J Physiol. 2011 Jan 1;589(Pt 1):49-57
references.pmid: 20807786
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 May 15;20(10):3864-73
references.pmid: 10804226
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2000 Mar;83(3):1536-49
references.pmid: 10712478
references.citation: Neuropsychobiology. 1993;28(1-2):43-6
references.pmid: 8255409
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 Aug;31(8):1627-36
references.pmid: 16395309
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2003 Apr;42(1):33-84
references.pmid: 12668290
references.citation: Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1860-2
references.pmid: 17395832
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Jul 5;55(1):131-41
references.pmid: 17610822
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1994 Jan;14(1):167-86
references.pmid: 8283232
references.citation: Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):414-7
references.pmid: 18635806
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Dec;12(12):1594-600
references.pmid: 19915566
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Nov 23;25(47):11023-33
references.pmid: 16306415
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 16;29(50):15621-9
references.pmid: 20016076
references.citation: J Neural Transm Suppl. 1992;36:163-77
references.pmid: 1527516
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;44(8):1158-76
references.pmid: 14626457
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1997 Apr;7(2):191-7
references.pmid: 9142754
references.citation: Science. 1977 Feb 18;195(4279):646-53
references.pmid: 841304
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1990 Oct;64(4):1212-22
references.pmid: 2258742
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1998 Aug 1;18(15):5901-7
references.pmid: 9671677
references.citation: Nature. 1995 Aug 17;376(6541):572-5
references.pmid: 7637804
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2010 Feb;13(2):261-6
references.pmid: 20023651
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1991;40(3):657-71
references.pmid: 2062437
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 30;98(3):1273-6
references.pmid: 11158629
references.citation: Prog Neurobiol. 2004 Sep;74(1):1-58
references.pmid: 15381316
references.citation: Neuron. 2007 Nov 21;56(4):701-13
references.pmid: 18031686
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2009 Nov;12(11):1444-9
references.pmid: 19801988
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1110-4
references.pmid: 18633352
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1999 Jan 1;19(1):431-41
references.pmid: 9870971
references.citation: Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1207-10
references.pmid: 19478185
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1998 Nov;36(11):1103-14
references.pmid: 9842757
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 May;77(5):3033-7
references.pmid: 6771765
references.citation: Neuron. 1995 Mar;14(3):477-85
references.pmid: 7695894
references.citation: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006 Sep;27(9):482-91
references.pmid: 16876883
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1997 Jan;77(1):24-42
references.pmid: 9120566
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1987;92(3):278-84
references.pmid: 2957716
references.citation: Brain Res. 1984 Jul 23;306(1-2):9-18
references.pmid: 6466989
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jan 15;57(2):192-5
references.pmid: 15652880
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1995 Feb;15(2):1605-15
references.pmid: 7869121
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2011 Jan 15;194(2):218-23
references.pmid: 20951736
references.citation: Q J Exp Psychol. 1980 Feb;32(1):3-25
references.pmid: 7367577
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2000 Apr;3(4):399-403
references.pmid: 10725931
references.citation: Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1560-3
references.pmid: 11222864
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 2;98(1):295-300
references.pmid: 11134520
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Aug;138(3-4):217-30
references.pmid: 9725745
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 Sep 27;26(39):9860-72
references.pmid: 17005850
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2011 May 25;31(21):7745-52
references.pmid: 21613487
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1129:236-45
references.pmid: 18591484
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2001;103(3):593-614
references.pmid: 11274781
references.citation: Annu Rev Psychol. 1997;48:649-84
references.pmid: 9046571
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2003 May 23;14(7):1013-6
references.pmid: 12802193
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2005;28:403-50
references.pmid: 16022602
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Sep 9;29(36):11182-91
references.pmid: 19741125
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 1998 Jan;78(1):189-225
references.pmid: 9457173
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Mar;33(4):913-23
references.pmid: 17534379
references.citation: Synapse. 1993 Jun;14(2):132-43
references.pmid: 8392756
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2009 Apr;19(4):849-60
references.pmid: 18689859
references.citation: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007 Aug;17(4):393-406
references.pmid: 17822336
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2010 Jul;13(7):889-95
references.pmid: 20526331
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Dec 15;24(50):11236-43
references.pmid: 15601929
references.citation: Prog Brain Res. 1996;109:285-97
references.pmid: 9009717
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 1995 May 1;7(5):1050-63
references.pmid: 7613610
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2007 Mar;10(3):376-84
references.pmid: 17277774
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 15;69(12):e89-99
references.pmid: 21489408
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):370-3
references.pmid: 12540901
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Feb;142(1):1-8
references.pmid: 10102776
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1993 Sep;70(3):909-19
references.pmid: 8229178
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Apr;22(4):751-61
references.pmid: 10230795
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006 Apr;16(2):159-65
references.pmid: 16563729
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2010 Apr;20(2):183-90
references.pmid: 20303256