title: Urine utilisation by microbial fuel cells; energy fuel for the future.
abstract: This communication reports for the first time the direct utilisation of urine in MFCs for the production of electricity. Different conversion efficiencies were recorded, depending on the amount treated. Elements such as N, P, K can be locked into new biomass, thus removed from solution, resulting in recycling without environmental pollution.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Environment & Technology Faculty, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. ioannis.ieropoulos@brl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ieropoulos
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenman
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melhuish
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources / Q000639:trends*; D018533:Biomass; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004560:Electricity; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010455:Peptides; D003404:Creatinine