title: Effects of bait age, larval chemical cues and nutrient depletion on colonization by forensically important Calliphorid and Sarcophagid flies.
abstract: Species colonization patterns on corpses and the frequency of carrion fly oviposition and larviposition are affected by decomposition stage and previous maggot colonization. This study investigated these effects on meat bait colonization by Victorian Diptera of forensic importance. Bait treatments were: 'aged' (aged for 4 days at 22 °C, allowing some decomposition); 'nutrient-depleted' [aged for 4 days at 22 °C with feeding Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae]; 'extract' (fresh bait mixed with liquid formed by feeding C. vicina larvae), and 'fresh' (untreated control bait). Statistical analysis (α = 0.05) revealed that colonization frequency differed significantly among treatments (Welch's F(3,18.83)  = 4.66, P < 0.05). Post hoc tests showed that fresh and extract baits were colonized extensively throughout the experiment with no significant difference, whereas the colonization of nutrient-depleted baits was significantly lower. This suggests that larval digestive enzymes, larval excreta and cuticular hydrocarbons have less effect on colonizing Diptera than the nutritional content of meat. The colonization of aged baits did not differ significantly from that of fresh, extract or nutrient-depleted baits. A further experiment testing 'very aged' (aged for 8 days at 28 °C), 'larvae-added' (fresh bait with C. vicina larvae added before placement) and 'fresh' (untreated control) baits revealed that very aged baits were colonized significantly less frequently than either fresh or larvae-added baits (Welch's F(2, 6.17)  = 17.40, P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia. kageo@deakin.edu.au
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D004175:Diptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004772:Entomology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D009812:Odorants; D010058:Oviposition; D058493:Sarcophagidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012903:Smell; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014739:Victoria