title: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of permanent prosthetic materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess qualitative and quantitative cytotoxicity effect on permanent prosthetic materials to human gingival fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gingival tissues were collected (with informed consent) from patients undergoing periodontal surgical procedures and fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. Cell type was determined by performing proteomic analysis. Selected prosthetic materials including titanium, feldspathic ceramic, gold and chrome-cobalt alloy specimens (5×2 mm) were fabricated. The toxicity of prepared specimens was tested by exposing them to cell culture medium for 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours at 37°C under sterile conditions. Cell viability was estimated using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The data concerning cell viability were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA test and Tukey multiple comparison test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results obtained after 48 hours showed no toxic effect of titanium compared to control group. Cytotoxic effect was observed in gold alloy and feldspathic ceramic, however, it was not significant compared to control group. Chrome-cobalt alloy significantly reduced cell viability compared to control group (p≤0.001). Cytotoxicity diminished with increasing incubation time of specimens. After 120 hours of incubation all tested materials, except chrome-cobalt alloy, had no cytotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Titanium proved to be non-toxic. Gold alloy and feldspathic ceramic had short-term cytotoxic effect. Chrome-cobalt alloy had highest cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio str. 115-219, Vilnius, Lithuania. vaidas@medicus.lt
authors.forename: Vaidotas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sabaliauskas
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juciute
authors.forename: Virginija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bukelskiene
authors.forename: Vygandas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rutkunas
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trumpaite-Vanagiene
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puriene
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000633:toxicity; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000633:toxicity; D003124:Colorimetry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000633:toxicity; D017266:Dental Prosthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D013696:Temperature; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003764:Dental Materials; D006047:Gold Alloys; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; D014025:Titanium; C022616:thiazolyl blue