title: Corrosion in drinking water pipes: the importance of green rusts.
abstract: Complex crystallographic composition of the corrosion products is studied by diffraction methods and results obtained after different pre-treatment of samples are compared. The green rusts are found to be much more abundant in corrosion scales than it has been assumed so far. The characteristic and crystallographic composition of corrosion scales and deposits suspended in steady waters were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The necessity of the examination of corrosion products in the wet conditions is indicated. The drying of the samples before analysis is shown to substantially change the crystallographic phases originally present in corrosion products. On sample drying the unstable green rusts is converted into more stable phases such as goethite and lepidocrocite, while the content of magnetite and siderite decreases. Three types of green rusts in wet materials sampled from tubercles are identified. Unexpectedly, in almost all corrosion scale samples significant amounts of the least stable green rust in chloride form was detected. Analysis of corrosion products suspended in steady water, which remained between tubercles and possibly in their interiors, revealed complex crystallographic composition of the sampled material. Goethite, lepidocrocite and magnetite as well as low amounts of siderite and quartz were present in all samples. Six different forms of green rusts were identified in the deposits separated from steady waters and the most abundant was carbonate green rust GR(CO(3)(2-))(I).
authors.affiliation: Department of Water Treatment Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Drzymały 24, 60-613 Poznań, Poland. joanna.swietlik@amu.edu.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swietlik
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Raczyk-Stanisławiak
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piszora
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nawrocki
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003343:Corrosion; D003460:Crystallization; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D011044:Poland; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D006878:Hydroxides; D007501:Iron