title: Efficacy and safety of garenoxacin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of garenoxacin, a new generation of quinolone antimicrobial agent, in the treatment of adult upper respiratory tract infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 113 subjects were enrolled in this study. Garenoxacin (400mg/day) was administered to patients with pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis, and otitis media for 5-7 days and to those with sinusitis for 7-10 days. Clinical symptoms and findings were examined and quantitatively evaluated using a scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 80 to 100% improvement rate in symptoms and findings for each infection. In addition, we found significant improvement in subjective evaluations from patient questionnaires even in the early stage of the treatment. X-ray examination for acute sinusitis demonstrated that the clinical efficacy was 84% (27/32) and 76% (19/25) patients were already improved within seven days. Among the detected 84 bacteria, 75 (89%) were identified as the major pathogenic bacteria of respiratory tract infections such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (27 strains) and Haemophillus influenzae (14 strains). Garenoxacin administration completely eradicated bacteria in 53 out of 54 cases (98%). There were 8 adverse events (8.3%) including 3 diarrhea cases (3.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that garenoxacin is a highly effective and safe antimicrobial agent in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory infections. Additionally, garenoxacin did not induce the growth of resistant bacteria because of its strong antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan. makoto@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murono
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakisaka
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C419689:garenoxacin