title: SBAR M&M: a feasible, reliable, and valid tool to assess the quality of, surgical morbidity and mortality conference presentations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Surgical Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conference is considered the golden hour of surgical education. However, evaluation methods for ensuring that quality M&M presentations efficiently contribute to resident education have not been clearly defined. To provide surgical trainees with the skills required to present a quality M&M presentation it is essential to have a robust tool to measure presentation skill and guide formative feedback.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study was conducted to develop an assessment tool for M&M conference. Literature review and expert consensus provided content for tool development. The tool, created using the situation, background, assessment, and recommendation format, was refined successively based on assessor feedback and assessed for reliability (internal consistency, interassessor reliability) and construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three successive iterations of the tool were developed. Internal consistency and interassessor reliability improved from the first to third versions. A trend also was shown for increasing construct validity with the third iteration of the tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A psychometrically robust assessment tool based on the situation, background, assessment, and recommendation format was developed and validated to identify and improve the overall quality and educational value of the surgical M&M conference.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, OP11, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA. mitcheer@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Dae Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Timothy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Landry
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moneta
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sevdalis
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D061214:Patient Safety; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*