title: Complications of progression of CKD.
abstract: CKD is a complex comorbid condition with multiple manifestations. It is closely linked with cardiovascular disease and has a very high mortality rate. Currently, it consumes 28% of Medicare expenditures. Complications of CKD include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, anemia, and bone and mineral disorders. It is underrecognized and underdiagnosed in primary care offices. There is strong evidence that controlling blood pressure, blood glucose, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in albuminuric patients, as well as referral to the nephrologist when glomerular filtration rate is <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2), is associated with lower mortality, better access to kidney transplantation, improved management of comorbidities, and less frequent use of catheters for dialysis and to lower mortality.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chester H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vassalotti
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents