title: Effects of microcystin-LR exposure on matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 expression and cancer cell migration.
abstract: This study assessed the effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression and cancer cell migration. After male mice were orally administered with different concentrations of MC-LR for 270 d, histopathologic observation revealed an obvious hepatic lymphocyte infiltration or fatty degeneration. Immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that MC-LR treatment (even at 1 nM) caused up-regulated expressions of hepatic MMP-2/-9. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR showed that the exposure to 80 nM MC-LR induced an increase of MMP-2/-9 mRNA levels by 1.0 and 1.9 fold. Breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-435s) were also cultured with MC-LR solutions and a wound healing assay demonstrated that MC-LR posed a time/dose-dependent stimulation effect on migration of the cancer cells. Gelatin electrophoresis and quantitative PCR showed significant increases in cellular MMP-2/-9 expressions after MC-LR exposure. This study indicated that chronic exposure to MC-LR could alter MMP-2/-9 expressions and stimulate cancer cell migration.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Zongyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xu-Xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wendi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shupei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Liuyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C057862:cyanoginosin LR