title: Dynamic-position-sense impairment's independence of perceived knee function in women with ACL reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding whether women with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate impaired proprioception. This study examined dynamic-position-sense accuracy and central-nervous-system (CNS) processing time between those with and without long-term ACLR.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare proprioception of knee movement in women with ACLR and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human neuromuscular performance laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 women (age 22.64 ± 2.4 y) with ACLR (1.6-5.8 y postsurgery) and 20 women without (age 24.05 ± 1.4 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluated subjects using 3 methods to assess position sense. During knee flexion at pseudorandomly selected speeds (40°, 60°, 80°, 90°, and 100°/s), subjects indicated with their index finger when their knee reached a predetermined target angle (50°). Accuracy was calculated as an error score. CNS processing time was computed using the time to detect movement and the minimum time of angle indication. Passive and active joint-position sense were also determined at a slow velocity (3°/s) from various knee-joint starting angles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absolute and constant error of target angle, indication accuracy, CNS processing time, and perceived function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both subject groups showed similar levels of error during dynamic-position-sense testing, despite continued differences in perceived knee function. Estimated CNS processing time was 260 ms for both groups. Joint-position sense during slow active or passive movement did not differ between cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Control and ACLR subjects demonstrated similar dynamic, passive, and active joint-position-sense error and CNS processing speed even though ACLR subjects reported greater impairment of function. The impairment of proprioception is independent of post-ACLR perception of function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Littmann
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Sangeetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kolarik
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
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