title: Intraarticular abnormalities in overhead athletes are variable.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in the overhead athlete can be variable. Several studies illustrate the wide variety of lesions seen at the time of arthroscopy in overhead athletes who require surgery but it is unclear whether these differ by sport.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined overhead athletes with shoulder dysfunction to determine (1) the range of arthroscopically visualized shoulder abnormalities with specific attention to the posterosuperior glenohumeral joint and the rotator cuff; and (2) the relationship of sport type to these abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our institution's database for professional and collegiate athletes in overhead sports who, from 1996 through 2010, had diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy for insidious, nontraumatic, persistent pain and inability to participate in their sport. A descriptive analysis of the arthroscopic findings from 51 consecutive patients (33 males, 18 females; mean age, 25 years; range, 15-59 years) was done. We analyzed the arthroscopic findings with respect to sport using analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a wide range of superior labrum, posterosuperior glenoid, and rotator cuff abnormalities. Overall, the most frequent abnormalities were posterosuperior glenohumeral joint changes. Swimmers had fewer intraarticular abnormalities than baseball players.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a wide spectrum of intraarticular abnormalities in the shoulder of overhead athletes with shoulder pain requiring surgery. Additional study is needed to determine whether these abnormalities or combinations relate to specific athletic movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, retrospective case series. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Shoulder Surgery and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224-2780, USA.
authors.forename: Ashvin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dewan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garzon-Muvdi
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Am J Sports Med. 2009 May;37(5):1024-37
references.pmid: 19059895
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 1993;9(1):17-21
references.pmid: 8442824
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 1993;9(1):22-3
references.pmid: 8442825
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 2001 Jul;17(6):573-7
references.pmid: 11447542
references.citation: Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 2002-2003;61(1-2):80-8
references.pmid: 12828384
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 2004 Sep;20(7):701-4
references.pmid: 15346111
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Feb;88(2):432-41
references.pmid: 16475277
references.citation: Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007 Aug;17(4):373-7
references.pmid: 16805785
references.citation: Orthop Clin North Am. 1977 Jul;8(3):583-91
references.pmid: 329174
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 2003 Apr;19(4):404-20
references.pmid: 12671624
references.citation: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008 Mar;466(3):614-21
references.pmid: 18264849
references.citation: Am J Sports Med. 2002 Mar-Apr;30(2):227-32
references.pmid: 11912093
references.citation: Orthopade. 2000 Oct;29(10):917-27
references.pmid: 11142911
references.citation: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010 Jul;18(7):982-7
references.pmid: 19838677
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 2000 Jan-Feb;16(1):35-40
references.pmid: 10627343
references.citation: J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999 Sep-Oct;8(5):458-60
references.pmid: 10543599
references.citation: Orthop Rev. 1989 Sep;18(9):963-75
references.pmid: 2797861
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998 Sep;171(3):763-8
references.pmid: 9725313
references.citation: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981 Jul;63(6):863-72
references.pmid: 7240326
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 1998 Sep;14(6):553-65
references.pmid: 9754471
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 2001 Jan;17(1):38-43
references.pmid: 11154365
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 1995 Feb;11(1):42-51
references.pmid: 7727011
references.citation: Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2008 Jun;12(2):127-35
references.pmid: 18509792
references.citation: J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1992 Sep;1(5):238-45
references.pmid: 22959196
references.citation: Arthroscopy. 1990;6(4):274-9
references.pmid: 2264894
references.citation: Am J Sports Med. 1996 Jul-Aug;24(4):459-67
references.pmid: 8827304
references.citation: Skeletal Radiol. 1998 May;27(5):237-43
references.pmid: 9638832