title: Determination of water-soluble arsenic compounds in commercial edible seaweed by LC-ICPMS.
abstract: This paper reports arsenic speciation in edible seaweed (from the Galician coast, northwestern Spain) produced for human consumption.  Chondrus crispus ,  Porphyra purpurea ,  Ulva rigida ,  Laminaria ochroleuca ,  Laminaria saccharina , and  Undaria pinnatifida  were analyzed. The study focused on arsenosugars, the most frequently occurring arsenic species in algae. As(III) and As(V) were also determined in aqueous extracts. Total arsenic in the samples was determined by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). For arsenic speciation, a water extraction especially suitable for arsenosugars was used, and the arsenic species were analyzed by liquid chromatography with both anionic and cationic exchange and ICPMS detection (LC-ICPMS). The total arsenic content of the alga samples ranged from 5.8 to 56.8 mg As kg(-1). The mass budgets obtained in the extracts (column recovery × extraction efficiency) ranged from 38 to 92% except for U. pinnatifida (4%). The following compounds were detected in the extracts: arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), methylarsonate (MA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), sulfonate sugar (SO(3)-sug), phosphate sugar (PO(4)-sug), arsenobetaine (AB), and glycerol sugar (Gly-sug). The highest concentrations corresponded to the arsenosugars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Llorente-Mirandes
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Chancho
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: José Fermín
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: López-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000032:analysis; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007795:Laminaria; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013030:Spain; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D001152:Arsenicals; D009005:Monosaccharides; C449161:arsenosugar; D014867:Water