title: Changes in Listing plane thickness caused by vestibular schwannoma: a parameter for evaluating the accuracy of the gravity-oriented internal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three-dimensional analysis of video-oculograms can be used to calculate Listing plane for patients and experimental subjects. Listing plane reflects the head's orientation with respect to gravity, which suggests that the plane is derived from otolithic vestibular input, itself, or from a gravity-oriented internal model constructed through integration of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensory inputs. The goal of this study was to determine whether the Listing plane can serve as a parameter for evaluating static (peripheral or central) vestibular function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy subjects and patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma without any previous treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video-oculograms were recorded from healthy subjects (aged 36.8 ± 6.3 yr) and from patients (aged 60.3 ± 7.5 yr) during voluntary gaze with the head in an upright or each-side-down orientation, and the thicknesses of the calculated Listing planes were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed thickening of the Listing plane in patients only when the head was in an impaired-side-down orientation (1.250 ± 0.795 and 1.074 ± 0.759 degrees in the right- and left-side-down head orientations in healthy subjects versus 2.222 ± 1.237 degrees in the impaired-side-down orientation in patients), and this thickening correlated with caloric weakness. By contrast, neither the sensation of postural instability nor postural disturbance in force platform recordings contributed to the thickness of Listing plane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The thickness of the Listing plane could be a novel parameter for quantitatively evaluating static vestibular (otolithic) function, although central compensation might exist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan. takeoto@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology