title: Late recurrence of a seminoma of the testis with a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma component.
abstract: The frequency and clinical relevance of late recurrences of testicular germ cells tumors (GCTs) has increased in the past few decades because of the improved survival of patients following the introduction, in the late 1970s, of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The late recurrences of GCT may take extremely variable features and occur several years after the primary tumor, making the diagnosis a challenge for both clinicians and pathologists. This study reports a case of a testicular seminoma that relapsed 28 years after surgery as an undifferentiated GCT with a heterologous component of neuroendocrine carcinoma that was initially misdiagnosed as a metastasis of primary intestinal tumor.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy. elenathai@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soliani
authors.forename: Enrico Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Silini
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D018239:Seminoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor