title: Electromyographic investigation of hypnotic arm levitation: differences between voluntary arm elevation and involuntary arm levitation.
abstract: Thirty-three volunteers were randomly exposed to 3 conditions: hypnotic arm levitation, holding up the arm voluntarily without hypnosis, and imagined arm lifting without hypnosis. Trapezius, deltoid, extensor digitorum, flexor digitorum profundus, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii muscles were measured. Strain and muscle activity during lifting and holding up the right arm for 3 minutes were used as dependent variables. During hypnotic arm levitation, the total muscle activity was lower than during holding it up voluntarily (p < .01); the activity in the deltoid was 27% lower (p < .001). Without hypnosis, the muscle activity showed a positive correlation with strain. However, there was no such correlation in the hypnotic condition. Apparently, it is possible to reduce strain and to objectively measure muscle activity in an uplifted arm through hypnotic arm levitation.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany. Burkhard-Peter@t-online.de
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiebler
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piesbergen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors