title: Neuroprotective effects of Salidroside and its analogue tyrosol galactoside against focal cerebral ischemia in vivo and H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in vitro.
abstract: Salidroside (Sal) is a natural antioxidant extracted from the root of Rhodiola rosea L. that elicits neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. Tyrosol galactoside (Tyr), an analog of Sal, was recently synthesized in our laboratory. The purpose of the current study was to investigate and compare the neuroprotective effects of Sal and Tyr against focal cerebral ischemia in vivo and H(2)O(2)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Sal and Tyr significantly prevented a cerebral ischemic injury induced by a 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion and a 24 h reperfusion in rats in vivo. Furthermore, the oxidative insult was markedly attenuated by treatments of Sal and Tyr in the cultured rat cortical neurons after a 30 min exposure to 50 μM of H(2)O(2). Western blot analysis revealed that Sal and Tyr decreased the expression of Bax and restored the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The neuroprotective effects of these two analogues show that Tyr has a better antioxidative action compared with Sal both in vivo and in vitro, and suggest that the antioxidant activity of Sal and Tyr may be partly due to their different substituents in their glycosyl groups. This gives a new insight into the development of therapeutic natural antioxidants against oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Tian-yao
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Shu-fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jiang-hao
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yu-mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiao-qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Shui-bing
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming-gao
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005697:Galactosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D005697:Galactosides; D005960:Glucosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016877:Oxidants; D010636:Phenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C557337:tyrosol galactoside; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C009172:rhodioloside; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
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