title: Comparative study between trimetazidine and ice slush hypothermia in protection against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to compare the effects of renal ice slush hypothermia and the use of trimetazidine in the protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen farm pigs were submitted to left kidney ischemia and right nephrectomy during the same procedure. Animals were divided into three groups. Group 1 was submitted to warm ischemia; Group 2 was submitted to cold ischemia with ice slush; and Group 3 received trimetazidine 20 mg one day and 4 hours before surgery. Ischemia time was 120 minutes in all three groups. Serum creatinine (SCr) and plasma iohexol clearance (CLioh) were measured before surgery and on postoperative days (PODs) 1,3,7, and 14. Semi-quantitative analyses of histological alterations were performed by a pathologist. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed elevation of serum creatinine in the first week. Serum creatinine was higher in Group 3 in the first and third postoperative days (Mean Cr: 5.5 and 8.1 respectively). Group 2 showed a lower increase in creatinine and a lower decrease in iohexol clearance than the others. Renal function stabilized in the fourteenth POD in all three groups. Analyses of histological alterations did not reach statistical significance between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trimetazidine did not show protection against renal I/R injury in comparison to warm ischemia or hypothermia in a porcine model submitted to 120 minutes of renal ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. leo.abreu@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Leonardo de Albuquerque dos Santos
authors.initials: Lde A
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Hamilto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Damião
authors.forename: Oscar Eduardo Hidetoshi
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Fugita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050377:Cold Ischemia / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007053:Ice; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014292:Trimetazidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014292:Trimetazidine