title: Unilateral fluid absorption and effects on peak power after ingestion of commercially available hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic sports drinks.
abstract: Isotonic sports drinks are often consumed to offset the effects of dehydration and improve endurance performance, but hypotonic drinks may be more advantageous. The purpose of the study was to compare absorption and effects on performance of a commercially available hypotonic sports drink (Mizone Rapid: 3.9% carbohydrate [CHO], 218 mOsmol/kg) with those of an isotonic drink (PowerAde: 7.6% CHO, 281 mOsmol/ kg), a hypertonic drink (Gatorade: 6% CHO, 327 mOsmol/kg), and a noncaloric placebo (8 mOsmol/kg). In a crossover, 11 cyclists consumed each drink on separate days at 250 ml/15 min during a 2-hr preload ride at 55% peak power followed by an incremental test to exhaustion. Small to moderate increases in deuterium oxide enrichment in the preload were observed with Mizone Rapid relative to PowerAde, Gatorade, and placebo (differences of 88, 45, and 42 parts per million, respectively; 90% confidence limits ±28). Serum osmolality was moderately lower with Mizone Rapid than with PowerAde and Gatorade (-1.9, -2.4; mOsmol/L; ±1.2 mOsmol/L) but not clearly different vs. placebo. Plasma volume reduction was small to moderate with Mizone Rapid, PowerAde, and Gatorade relative to placebo (-1.9%, -2.5%, -2.9%; ± 2.5%). Gut comfort was highest with Mizone Rapid but clearly different (8.4% ± 4.8%) only vs PowerAde. Peak power was highest with Mizone Rapid (380 W) vs. placebo and other drinks (1.2-3.0%; 99% confidence limits ±4.7%), but differences were inconclusive with reference to the smallest important effect (~1.2%). The outcomes are consistent with fastest fluid absorption with the hypotonic sports drink. Further research should determine whether the effect has a meaningful impact on performance.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rowlands
authors.forename: Darrell L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.forename: Will G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003681:Dehydration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017666:Deuterium Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D044967:Serum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D017666:Deuterium Oxide