title: Hemodynamic stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Effect of two different doses of intravenous clonidine premedication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clonidine has emerged as an attractive premedication desirable in laparoscopic surgery wherein significant hemodynamic stress response is seen. The minimum safe and effective dose of intravenous clonidine to attenuate the hemodynamic stress response during laparoscopic surgery has however not yet been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study was conducted on 90 adults of ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized to one of the three groups (n= 30). Group I received 100 ml of normal saline, while groups II and III received 1 μg/ kg and 2 μg/ kg of clonidine respectively, intravenous, in 100 ml of normal saline along. All patients received glycopyrrolate 0.004 mg/kg and tramadol 1.5 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min before induction. Hemodynamic variables (heart rate, systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure), SpO2, and sedation score were recorded at specific timings. MAP above 20% from baseline was considered significant and treated with nitroglycerine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I, there was a significant increase in hemodynamic variables during intubation pneumoperitoneum and extubation (P<0.001). Clonidine given 1 μg/kg intravenous attenuated hemodynamic stress response to pneumoperitoneum (P<0.05), but not that associated with intubation and extubation. Clonidine 2 μg/kg intravenous prevented hemodynamic stress response to pneumoperitoneum and that associated with intubation and extubation (P<0.05). As against 14 and 2 patients in groups I and II respectively, no patient required nitroglycerine infusion in group III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clonidine, 2 μg/ kg intravenously, 30 min before induction is safe and effective in preventing the hemodynamic stress response during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Deepshikha C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Komal S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Santosh R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Shilpa M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.forename: Punit V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Raval
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