title: Frontal lobe function in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is typically associated with long-term memory dysfunction. The frontal lobes support high-level cognition comprising executive skills and working memory that is vital for daily life functioning. Deficits in these functions have been increasingly reported in TLE. Evidence from both the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature suggests both executive function and working memory are compromised in the presence of TLE. In relation to executive impairment, particular focus has been paid to set shifting as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Other discrete executive functions such as decision-making and theory of mind also appear vulnerable but have received little attention. With regard to working memory, the medial temporal lobe structures appear have a more critical role, but with emerging evidence of hippocampal dependent and independent processes. The relative role of underlying pathology and seizure spread is likely to have considerable bearing upon the cognitive phenotype and trajectory in TLE. The identification of the nature of frontal lobe dysfunction in TLE thus has important clinical implications for prognosis and surgical management. Longitudinal neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies assessing frontal lobe function in TLE patients pre- and postoperatively will improve our understanding further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. j.stretton@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stretton
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology
references.citation: Cortex. 2012 Apr;48(4):429-46
references.pmid: 21237452
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1990;28(2):121-35
references.pmid: 2107457
references.citation: J Neurol Phys Ther. 2007 Sep;31(3):119-27
references.pmid: 18025957
references.citation: Brain. 1997 Dec;120 ( Pt 12):2283-94
references.pmid: 9448582
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2006 Dec;47(12):2141-6
references.pmid: 17201715
references.citation: Neuroscientist. 2007 Jun;13(3):257-67
references.pmid: 17519368
references.citation: Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Mar;17(3):412-9
references.pmid: 20153981
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 28;29(4):1052-960
references.pmid: 19176814
references.citation: Cortex. 1993 Jun;29(2):293-304
references.pmid: 8348826
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2009 Jan;47(1):50-8
references.pmid: 18789345
references.citation: Epileptic Disord. 2009 Sep;11(3):222-7
references.pmid: 19713170
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Jun 15;81(12):1356-66
references.pmid: 21219876
references.citation: Hippocampus. 2001;11(4):337-46
references.pmid: 11530838
references.citation: Memory. 1996 Jan;4(1):19-30
references.pmid: 8821083
references.citation: Epilepsy Behav. 2003 Dec;4(6):717-22
references.pmid: 14698706
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Aug;9(8):374-80
references.pmid: 16002324
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Dec 15;30(12):1205-18
references.pmid: 1790262
references.citation: Neurology. 1997 Oct;49(4):975-80
references.pmid: 9339676
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Jul 16;28(29):7304-12
references.pmid: 18632934
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 1999 Oct;41(1):39-65
references.pmid: 10536085
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2009 Jan;47(1):112-22
references.pmid: 18775736
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1993 Sep;87(3):128-43
references.pmid: 7691540
references.citation: Neurology. 1999 Sep 11;53(4):709-15
references.pmid: 10489030
references.citation: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2007 Dec 4;87(45):3183-7
references.pmid: 18399110
references.citation: Eur Neurol. 2007;57(1):39-46
references.pmid: 17108694
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 1997 Apr;54(4):369-76
references.pmid: 9109737
references.citation: Epilepsy Behav. 2009 Jun;15(2):186-95
references.pmid: 19286475
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2011 Aug;52(8):1467-75
references.pmid: 21635235
references.citation: Neurology. 2004 May 25;62(10):1736-42
references.pmid: 15159470
references.citation: J Clin Neurol. 2006 Jun;2(2):126-33
references.pmid: 20396496
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Jul 18;27(29):7807-16
references.pmid: 17634374
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Nov 1;4(11):417-423
references.pmid: 11058819
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1988 Aug;10(4):467-76
references.pmid: 3136190
references.citation: Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Jan;17(1):39-45
references.pmid: 19914140
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2010 Aug;51(8):1436-45
references.pmid: 20002143
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2005 Mar;25(1):34-42
references.pmid: 15734341
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2007 Jan;13(1):12-20
references.pmid: 17166299
references.citation: Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2008 Jun;18(3):300-42
references.pmid: 18569746
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Jul;11(4):477-81
references.pmid: 16209428
references.citation: Cognition. 1994 Apr-Jun;50(1-3):7-15
references.pmid: 8039375
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 2000 Oct;14(4):501-8
references.pmid: 11055252
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 1;106(48):20493-8
references.pmid: 19918077
references.citation: Neurology. 2008 Dec 2;71(23):1869-76
references.pmid: 18946001
references.citation: Rev Neurol. 1999 Dec 16-31;29(12):1160-3
references.pmid: 10652740
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 1996 Aug;34(8):775-83
references.pmid: 8817507
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1995 Dec;17(6):809-19
references.pmid: 8847387
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Apr 29;362(1480):731-44
references.pmid: 17264056
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1996 Sep;99(3):200-13
references.pmid: 8862110
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009 Jul;15(4):536-46
references.pmid: 19573272
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1996 Apr;18(2):310-3
references.pmid: 8780965
references.citation: Hippocampus. 1992 Apr;2(2):151-63
references.pmid: 1308180
references.citation: Lancet Neurol. 2004 Nov;3(11):663-72
references.pmid: 15488459
references.citation: Cortex. 1976 Dec;12(4):313-24
references.pmid: 1009768
references.citation: Epilepsy Behav. 2009 Aug;15(4):445-51
references.pmid: 19560403
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1993 Nov;15(6):896-902
references.pmid: 8120126
references.citation: Medicina (B Aires). 2000;60(4):453-6
references.pmid: 11188950
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2005 Nov;46(11):1780-7
references.pmid: 16302858
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2001;39(2):140-50
references.pmid: 11163372
references.citation: J Gen Psychol. 1948 Jul;39:15-22
references.pmid: 18889466
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2005 Mar;15(3):303-16
references.pmid: 15342440
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 May;25(1):46-59
references.pmid: 15846822
references.citation: Brain. 1996 Oct;119 ( Pt 5):1597-615
references.pmid: 8931583
references.citation: Int Rev Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;19(4):417-27
references.pmid: 17671874
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Sep 13;31(5):865-73
references.pmid: 11567623
references.citation: Epilepsy Behav. 2005 Nov;7(3):383-9
references.pmid: 16198151
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2008 Feb 12;18(3):R110-4
references.pmid: 18269902
references.citation: Neurology. 2006 Nov 14;67(9):1674-6
references.pmid: 17101904
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2006 Apr;47(4):695-703
references.pmid: 16650135
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:279-306
references.pmid: 15217334
references.citation: Epilepsia. 2000 Dec;41(12):1626-32
references.pmid: 11114222