title: The contribution of Plasmodium chabaudi to our understanding of malaria.
abstract: Malaria kills close to a million people every year, mostly children under the age of five. In the drive towards the development of an effective vaccine and new chemotherapeutic targets for malaria, field-based studies on human malaria infection and laboratory-based studies using animal models of malaria offer complementary opportunities to further our understanding of the mechanisms behind malaria infection and pathology. We outline here the parallels between the Plasmodium chabaudi mouse model of malaria and human malaria. We will highlight the contribution of P. chabaudi to our understanding of malaria in particular, how the immune response in malaria infection is initiated and regulated, its role in pathology, and how immunological memory is maintained. We will also discuss areas where new tools have opened up potential areas of exploration using this invaluable model system.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0435, USA.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Culleton
authors.forename: Tracey J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008288:Malaria / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016788:Plasmodium chabaudi / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 May;66(5):492-502
references.pmid: 12201582
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Dec;5(12):e1000690
references.pmid: 20011127
references.citation: Evolution. 2006 Jul;60(7):1358-71
references.pmid: 16929653
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20398
references.pmid: 21687712
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98(19):10793-8
references.pmid: 11535821
references.citation: Trends Parasitol. 2011 Jan;27(1):31-9
references.pmid: 20663715
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2000 Jul;68(7):4135-44
references.pmid: 10858230
references.citation: Int J Gen Med. 2009 Jul 30;2:47-55
references.pmid: 20360886
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2010 Jun;11(6):477-85
references.pmid: 20431620
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2000 Nov;182(5):1570-3
references.pmid: 11023485
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5789-94
references.pmid: 19297619
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 2001 Dec;23(12):617-26
references.pmid: 11737664
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2009 Jul;39(7):1850-63
references.pmid: 19585512
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 1987 Sep;9(5):543-61
references.pmid: 3684327
references.citation: J Immunol. 2010 Sep 1;185(5):2808-18
references.pmid: 20679529
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 1995 Dec;102(3):529-34
references.pmid: 8536368
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e24852
references.pmid: 21935482
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Apr;5(4):e1000364
references.pmid: 19343213
references.citation: Adv Parasitol. 1994;33:49-90
references.pmid: 8122568
references.citation: Blood. 2009 Dec 24;114(27):5522-31
references.pmid: 19837977
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2004 Oct;201:268-90
references.pmid: 15361247
references.citation: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1975 Jun;69(2):187-96
references.pmid: 1155987
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2010 May 20;6(5):e1000912
references.pmid: 20502681
references.citation: Genes Immun. 2002 Jun;3(4):177-86
references.pmid: 12058252
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Jun;54(6):632-43
references.pmid: 8686784
references.citation: J Immunol. 2011 Apr 15;186(8):4862-71
references.pmid: 21389253
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Sep 1;106(5):1676-84
references.pmid: 15890689
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 21;91(13):6118-22
references.pmid: 7517041
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2000 Mar;68(3):1485-90
references.pmid: 10678964
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Jul 1;171(1):317-24
references.pmid: 12817013
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2004 May;72(5):3054-8
references.pmid: 15102820
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 17;95(4):1715-20
references.pmid: 9465082
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2007 Jul;75(7):3621-32
references.pmid: 17470539
references.citation: PLoS One. 2007 Sep 12;2(9):e857
references.pmid: 17848988
references.citation: PLoS One. 2010 Nov 23;5(11):e15007
references.pmid: 21124900
references.citation: Adv Parasitol. 2008;66:1-46
references.pmid: 18486688
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 16;105(37):14017-22
references.pmid: 18780790
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 1980 Jul;41(1):91-6
references.pmid: 6160002
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Aug;63(2):498-505
references.pmid: 9683598
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2011 Apr;6(4):553-561
references.pmid: 21455190
references.citation: Nature. 1991 Aug 15;352(6336):595-600
references.pmid: 1865923
references.citation: PLoS One. 2008 Apr 30;3(4):e2027
references.pmid: 18446217
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2011 Sep;79(9):3633-41
references.pmid: 21708993
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2006 May;74(5):2996-3001
references.pmid: 16622238
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2010 May;40(6):711-9
references.pmid: 19968996
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 1989 Dec;112:71-94
references.pmid: 2575075
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 1985 Nov;7(6):595-606
references.pmid: 3912704
references.citation: J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1;176(1):441-50
references.pmid: 16365437
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2010 Nov 24;6(11):e1001208
references.pmid: 21124875
references.citation: Malar J. 2007 Jun 07;6:77
references.pmid: 17555592
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2006 Jun 12;203(6):1427-33
references.pmid: 16754719
references.citation: Semin Immunopathol. 2008 Feb;30(1):41-51
references.pmid: 18071705
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 15;189(4):735-43
references.pmid: 14767829
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 2009 Jan;31(1):20-31
references.pmid: 19121080
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2008 Sep;76(9):3924-31
references.pmid: 18559428
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 May 15;182(10):6426-34
references.pmid: 19414796
references.citation: J Immunol. 2005 Aug 15;175(4):2510-6
references.pmid: 16081823
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2007 Jun;9(7):881-90
references.pmid: 17537666
references.citation: Blood. 2004 May 15;103(10):3727-35
references.pmid: 14739226
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Jan 14;6(1):e15983
references.pmid: 21264245
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2008 Oct;10(12-13):1259-65
references.pmid: 18692153
references.citation: C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1965 Mar 29;260:3758-61
references.pmid: 14339659
references.citation: Nature. 1972 Jul 14;238(5359):98-9
references.pmid: 4557790
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2001 Sep;69(9):5849-56
references.pmid: 11500463
references.citation: Trends Parasitol. 2004 Dec;20(12):597-603
references.pmid: 15522670
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 2011 Jan;33(1):73-8
references.pmid: 21189655
references.citation: Nat Genet. 1999 Jun;22(2):145-50
references.pmid: 10369255
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Dec 15;181(12):8344-55
references.pmid: 19050251
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 15;192(6):1119-26
references.pmid: 16107968
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 19;6(2):e1000770
references.pmid: 20174609
references.citation: Malar J. 2007 Jun 28;6:82
references.pmid: 17598897
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 1;190(9):1527-33
references.pmid: 15478055
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 1992 May;9(3):381-93
references.pmid: 1584009
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2004 Oct;201:35-47
references.pmid: 15361231
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 1998 Nov;90(3):220-9
references.pmid: 9806866
references.citation: Curr Opin Immunol. 2011 Feb;23(1):119-23
references.pmid: 20951016
references.citation: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;297:71-102
references.pmid: 16265903
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2008 Feb 29;4(2):e1000004
references.pmid: 18401464
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2008 Jul;9(7):725-32
references.pmid: 18563083
references.citation: Immunity. 2005 Sep;23(3):287-96
references.pmid: 16169501
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2010 Jul;40(8):951-61
references.pmid: 20153748
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2006 May 15;203(5):1185-96
references.pmid: 16636133
references.citation: Nature. 1971 Aug 20;232(5312):561-2
references.pmid: 4937500
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2003 Sep;71(9):4850-6
references.pmid: 12933825
references.citation: Blood. 2001 Nov 1;98(9):2859-61
references.pmid: 11675362
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Sep 15;169(6):2956-63
references.pmid: 12218109
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2010 Apr;170(2):65-73
references.pmid: 20045030
references.citation: Parasitology. 1978 Jun;76(3):241-67
references.pmid: 351525
references.citation: Genes Immun. 2010 Mar;11(2):113-23
references.pmid: 19865104
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Jul 1;400(6739):73-7
references.pmid: 10403251
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 28;106(17):7161-6
references.pmid: 19359470
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 1998 Dec;103(4):942-9
references.pmid: 9886304
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1994 Jun;65(2):361-3
references.pmid: 7969277
references.citation: Int Immunol. 1989;1(4):416-24
references.pmid: 2535135
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 1991 Jun;21(6):1433-8
references.pmid: 1675172
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 2002 Jun-Jul;101(2-3):121-8
references.pmid: 12427466
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2009 Feb;39(3):347-54
references.pmid: 18755194
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Apr 5;102(14):5108-13
references.pmid: 15792998
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 1990 Jan;12(1):45-64
references.pmid: 2314922
references.citation: Blood. 2007 Jul 1;110(1):18-28
references.pmid: 17341664
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 1992 Nov;75(3):281-92
references.pmid: 1426131
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Jul;65(1):47-51
references.pmid: 11504407
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2004 Dec;34(13-14):1517-28
references.pmid: 15582528
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2009 Feb;77(2):770-82
references.pmid: 19015248
references.citation: C R Acad Sci III. 1999 Jan;322(1):55-62
references.pmid: 10047954
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 2007 Sep;29(9):435-44
references.pmid: 17727567
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 1999 Dec;50(5-6):278-85
references.pmid: 10630291
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Oct;55(10):4858-65
references.pmid: 21709099