title: Protein deprivation attenuates Hsp expression in fat tissue.
abstract: For ruminants, dietary protein is the first limiting component to the utilization of low-quality forage. Throughout gestation, low-protein intake may result in prenatal programming that causes various metabolic disturbances and physiological modulations to dams and their developing embryos. We studied the effect of long-term low-protein diet (LPD) on physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters of the energy status in gestating beef cows. LPD resulted in significant reductions in feed intake and heart rate and promoted a negative retained energy status already after 3 weeks. Elevated levels of plasma creatinine and non-esterified fatty acids indicate endogenous degradation of fat and protein as a response to the demands in energy and nitrogen. Increasing levels of β-hydroxybutyrate confirmed the negative energy status obtained by the physiological measurements. At the molecular level, subcutaneous fat, Hsp90, Hsp70, and proteasome subunits decreased significantly after 3 months on LPD, in parallel with an increase of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein. These results may indicate a decrease in turn-over of proteins, at the cost of induced lipolysis, and suggest that the response to protein deprivation, when examined in an energy-storing tissue, includes downregulation of the constitutive heat shock proteins involved in the protein degradation pathway of energy production and upregulation of tissue-specific genes such as those involved in energy production from fat degradation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Department of Ruminant Science, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel.
authors.forename: Harel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eitam
authors.forename: Rotem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agmon
authors.forename: Aviv
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asher
authors.forename: Arieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brosh
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izhaki
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabtay
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008066:Lipolysis; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D003404:Creatinine; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
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