title: Tumour heterogeneity in non-small cell lung carcinoma assessed by CT texture analysis: a potential marker of survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the potential for tumour heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as assessed by CT texture analysis (CTTA) to provide an independent marker of survival for patients with NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumour heterogeneity was assessed by CTTA of unenhanced images of primary pulmonary lesions from 54 patients undergoing (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT for staging of NSCLC. CTTA comprised image filtration to extract fine, medium and coarse features with quantification of the distribution of pixel values (uniformity) within the filtered images. Receiver operating characteristics identified thresholds for PET and CTTA parameters that were related to patient survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) survival was 29.5 (1-38) months. 24, 10, 14 and 6 patients had tumour stages I, II, III and IV respectively. PET stage and tumour heterogeneity assessed by CTTA were significant independent predictors of survival (PET stage: Odds ratio 3.85, 95% confidence limits 0.9-8.09, P = 0.002; CTTA: Odds ratio 56.4, 95% confidence limits 4.79-666, p = 0.001). SUV was not a significantly associated with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of tumour heterogeneity by CTTA of non-contrast enhanced images has the potential for to provide a novel, independent predictor of survival for patients with NSCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computed tomography is a routine staging procedure in non-small cell lung cancer. CT texture analysis (CTTA) can quantify heterogeneity within these lung tumours. CTTA seems to offer a novel independent predictor of survival for NSCLC. CTTA could contribute to disease risk-stratification for patients with NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Division of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9RR, UK. b.ganeshan@sussex.ac.uk
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ganeshan
authors.forename: Elleny
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panayiotou
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burnand
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dizdarevic
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
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