title: Androgen deprivation and thromboembolic events in men with prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves prostate cancer outcomes in specific clinical settings, but is associated with adverse effects, including cardiac complications and possibly thromboembolic complications. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of ADT on thromboembolic events (TEs) in a population-based cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database, we identified men older than 65 who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between 1999 and 2005. Medical or surgical ADT was identified by Medicare claims for gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or bilateral orchiectomy at any time following diagnosis. TEs included deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and arterial embolism. The impact of ADT on the risk of any TE and on total number of events was estimated, controlling for patient and tumor characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 154,611 patients with prostate cancer, 58,466 (38%) received ADT. During a median follow-up of 52 months, 15,950 men had at least 1 TE, including 8829 (55%) who had ADT and 7121 (45%) with no ADT. ADT was associated with increased risk of a TE (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-1.61; P < .0001), and duration of ADT was associated with the total number of events (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based cohort, ADT was associated with increased risk of a TE, and longer durations of ADT were associated with more TEs. Men with intermediate- and low-risk prostate cancer should be assessed for TE risk factors before starting ADT and counseled regarding the risks and benefits of this therapy.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA. ehdaieb@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Behfar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehdaie
authors.forename: Coral L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Atoria
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feifer
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lowrance
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Scardino
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eastham
authors.forename: Elena B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Elkin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
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