title: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: origin and molecular oncology.
abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are a paradigm for the development of personalized treatment for cancer patients. The nearly simultaneous discovery of a biomarker that is reflective of their origin and the presence of gain-of-function kinase mutations in these tumours set the stage for more accurate diagnosis and the development of kinase inhibitor therapy. Subsequent studies of genotype and phenotype have led to a molecular classification of GIST and to treatment optimization on the basis of molecular subtype. The study of drug-resistant tumours has advanced our understanding of kinase biology, enabling the development of novel kinase inhibitors. Further improvements in GIST treatment may require targeting GIST stem cell populations and/or additional genomic events.
authors.affiliation: Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Haematology & Oncology, and Department of Pathology, Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corless
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D009154:Mutation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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