title: Individual and contextual factors associated to smoking on school premises.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite regulations, tobacco consumption in schools is still very common. The objective was to evaluate the relationship of personal, family, and school-level contextual factors with smoking on school premises.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative survey was undertaken of students in the 4th year of secondary education in the Madrid region (Spain), including 79 schools and 3,622 individuals. The student questionnaire gathered information about personal and family variables. The contextual factors were type of school, perception of compliance with the law, smoking policy, existence of complaints against smoking, and undertaking of educational activities regarding smoking. Analysis was carried out in the smoking population (n = 1,179) using multilevel logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the last 30 days, 50.6% of smokers had smoked on school premises. Having a father with a university education (in comparison with fathers who have not attained any educational level) reduces this probability (odds ratio [OR]: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.96), whereas smoking a larger number of cigarettes (p < .001), illicit drug consumption (p < .001), and low academic achievement (p = .052) increases it. The probability is reduced when there is no parental permission to smoke (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.43-1.01) and is lower both in nonsubsidized private schools (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.67) and in state subsidized private schools (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09-0.34) than in public schools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A very low level of educational attainment by the father, smoking a higher number of cigarettes, as well as illicit drug consumption, low academic achievement, having parental permission to smoke, and attending public schools are all related to a higher probability of smoking on school premises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain. igalan@isciii.es
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Díez-Gañán
authors.forename: Nelva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gandarillas
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cantero
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durbán
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012931:Social Environment; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult