title: Production of multiple extracellular enzyme activities by novel submerged culture of Aspergillus kawachii for ethanol production from raw cassava flour.
abstract: Cassava is a starch-containing root crop that is widely used as a raw material in a variety of industrial applications, most recently in the  production of fuel ethanol. In the present study, ethanol production from raw (uncooked) cassava flour by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using a preparation consisting of multiple enzyme activities from Aspergillus kawachii FS005 was investigated. The multi-activity preparation was obtained from a novel submerged fermentation broth of A. kawachii FS005 grown on unmilled crude barley as a carbon source. The preparation was found to consist of glucoamylase, acid-stable α-amylase, acid carboxypeptidase, acid protease, cellulase and xylanase activities, and exhibited glucose and free amino nitrogen (FAN) production rates of 37.7 and 118.7 mg/l/h, respectively, during A. kawachii FS005-mediated saccharification of uncooked raw cassava flour. Ethanol production from 18.2% (w/v) dry uncooked solids of raw cassava flour by SSF with the multi-activity enzyme preparation yielded 9.0% (v/v) of ethanol and 92.3% fermentation efficiency. A feasibility study for ethanol production by SSF with a two-step mash using raw cassava flour and the multi-activity enzyme preparation manufactured on-site was verified on a pilot plant scale. The enzyme preparation obtained from the A. kawachii FS005 culture broth exhibited glucose and FAN production rates of 41.1 and 135.5 mg/l/h, respectively. SSF performed in a mash volume of about 1,612 l containing 20.6% (w/v) dry raw cassava solids and 106 l of on-site manufactured A. kawachii FS005 culture broth yielded 10.3% (v/v) ethanol and a fermentation efficiency of 92.7%.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories for Brewing Technology, Asahi Breweries, Ltd, 1-21 Midori, 1-Chome, Moriya-Shi, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan. toshikazu.sugimoto@asahibeer.co.jp
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: Koutaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoji
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism; D001467:Hordeum / Q000378:metabolism; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D002365:Manihot / Q000378:metabolism*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D013213:Starch; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase
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