title: Common structural correlates of trait impulsiveness and perceptual reasoning in adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trait impulsiveness is a potential factor that predicts both substance use and certain psychiatric disorders. This study investigates whether there are common structural cerebral correlates of trait impulsiveness and cognitive functioning in a large sample of healthy adolescents from the IMAGEN project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clusters of gray matter (GM) volume associated with trait impulsiveness, Cloningers' revised temperament, and character inventory impulsiveness (TCI-R-I) were identified in a whole brain analysis using optimized voxel-based morphometry in 115 healthy 14-year-olds. The clusters were tested for correlations with performance on the nonverbal tests (Block Design, BD; Matrix Reasoning, MT) of the Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for Children IV reflecting perceptual reasoning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cloningers' impulsiveness (TCI-R-I) score was significantly inversely associated with GM volume in left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Frontal clusters found were positively correlated with performance in perceptual reasoning tasks (Bonferroni corrected). No significant correlations between TCI-R-I and perceptual reasoning were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neural correlate of trait impulsiveness in the OFC matches an area where brain function has previously been related to inhibitory control. Additionally, orbitofrontal GM volume was associated with scores for perceptual reasoning. The data show for the first time structural correlates of both cognitive functioning and impulsiveness in healthy adolescent subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. christina.schilling@charite.de
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banaschewski
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbot
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brühl
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charlet
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Conrod
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czech
authors.forename: Jeff W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.forename: Herta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Häke
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ittermann
authors.forename: Nikolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lüdemann
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martinot
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palafox
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paus
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Poline
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Smolka
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ströhle
authors.forename: Bernadeta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walaszek
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kathmann
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garavan
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D010551:Personality; D010556:Personality Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D014888:Wechsler Scales
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