title: Impact of epiphytic and endogenous enzyme activities of senescent maize leaves and roots on the soil biodegradation process.
abstract: This study was focused on investigating the role of the initial residue community, i.e. microorganisms and enzymes from the epiphytic and endophytic compartments, in soil decomposition processes. Aerial and underground parts (leaves and roots) of maize (Zea mays L.) plants were γ-irradiated, surface-sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)/ethanol or non-sterilized (controls), while the outer surface morphology of maize leaves and roots was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Non-sterilized and sterilized maize leaves and roots were incubated in soil to study carbon (C) mineralization kinetics and enzyme dynamics (L-leucine aminopeptidase, CBH-1, xylanase, cellulase and laccase). SEM results showed that initial microbial colonization was more pronounced on non-sterilized leaf and root surfaces than on sterilized samples. The hypochlorite treatment removed a part of the soluble components of leaves by washing and no specific effect of any type of colonizing microorganisms was observed on C mineralization. In contrast, γ irradiation and hypochlorite treatments did not affect root chemical characteristics and the quantitative effect of initial residue-colonizing microorganisms on C mineralization was demonstrated. The variations in C mineralization and enzyme dynamics between non-sterilized and sterilized roots suggested that activities of epiphytic and endogenic microorganisms were of the same order of magnitude.
authors.affiliation: Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Reims cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bilal Ahmad
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Zafar Amin
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beaugrand
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debeire
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chabbert
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D002480:Cellulase / Q000032:analysis; D003124:Colorimetry; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005470:Fluorometry; D005720:Gamma Rays; D007700:Kinetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013242:Sterilization; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004798:Enzymes; D012987:Soil; D008031:Lignin; D002480:Cellulase