title: Homeopathic potentization based on nanoscale domains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to present a simple descriptive and quantitative model of how high potencies in homeopathy arise.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model begins with the mechanochemical production of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals from water and the electronic stabilization of the resulting nanodomains of water molecules. The life of these domains is initially limited to a few days, but may extend to years when the electromagnetic characteristic of a homeopathic agent is copied onto the domains. This information is transferred between the original agent and the nanodomains, and also between previously imprinted nanodomains and new ones. The differential equations previously used to describe these processes are replaced here by exponential expressions, corresponding to simplified model mechanisms. Magnetic stabilization is also involved, since these long-lived domains apparently require the presence of the geomagnetic field. Our model incorporates this factor in the formation of the long-lived compound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Numerical simulation and graphs show that the potentization mechanism can be described quantitatively by a very simplified mechanism. The omitted factors affect only the fine structure of the kinetics. Measurements of pH changes upon absorption of different electromagnetic frequencies indicate that about 400 nanodomains polymerize to form one cooperating unit. Singlet excited states of some compounds lead to dramatic changes in their hydrogen ion dissociation constant, explaining this pH effect and suggesting that homeopathic information is imprinted as higher singlet excited states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple description is provided of the process of potentization in homeopathic dilutions. With the exception of minor details, this simple model replicates the results previously obtained from a more complex model. While excited states are short lived in isolated molecules, they become long lived in nanodomains that form coherent cooperative aggregates controlled by the geomagnetic field. These domains either slowly emit biophotons or perform specific biochemical work at their target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA. gczerlinski@gmail.com
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Czerlinski
authors.forename: Tjalling
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ypma
mesh_terms: D004339:Drug Compounding; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D006705:Homeopathy; D006859:Hydrogen; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D008419:Materia Medica; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D008419:Materia Medica; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen