title: Clinical presentations and diagnostic work-up in sarcoidosis: a series of Turkish cases (clinics and diagnosis of sarcoidosis).
abstract: Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disease. It usually affects the lung. The diagnosis may be problematic since the known causes of granulomatous inflammation must be excluded. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches of sarcoidosis. The study protocol was sent via internet, and the participants were asked to send the information (clinical, radiological and diagnostic) on newly diagnosed sarcoidosis cases. 293 patients were enrolled within two years. Pulmonary symptoms were found in 73.3% of the patients, and cough was the most common one (53.2%), followed by dyspnea (40.3%). Constitutional symptoms were occured in half of the patients. The most common one was fatigue (38.6%). The most common physical sign was eritema nodosum (17.1%). The most common chest radiograhical sign was bilateral hilar lymphadenomegaly (78.8%). Staging according to chest X-ray has revealed that most of the patients were in Stage I and Stage II (51.9% and 31.7%, respectively). Sarcoidosis was confirmed histopathologically in 265 (90.4%) patients. Although one-third of the bronchoscopy was revealed normal, mucosal hyperemi (19.8%) and external compression of the bronchial wall (16.8%) were common abnormal findings. The 100% success rate was obtained in mediastinoscopy among the frequently used sampling methods. Transbronchial biopsy was the most frequently used method with 48.8% success rate. Considering sarcoidosis with its most common and also rare findings in the differential diagnosis, organizing the related procedures according to the possibly effected areas, and the expertise of the team would favour multimodality diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey. gokselkiter@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Göksel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kıter
authors.forename: Benan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müsellim
authors.forename: Erdoğan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Türker
authors.forename: A Esra
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunt Uzaslan
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yentürk
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sağlam
authors.forename: Özlem
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özdemir Kumbasar
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Gülfer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Okumuş
authors.forename: Peri Meram
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arbak
authors.forename: Gündeniz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altıay
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tabak
authors.forename: Ayşın
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakar Coşkun
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erturan
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Türktaş
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yalnız
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akkoçlu
authors.forename: Candan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Öğüş
authors.forename: Ömer Tamer
authors.initials: ÖT
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özkan
authors.forename: Serir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özkan
authors.forename: Fatma Işıl
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Uzel
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Öngen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008481:Mediastinoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult