title: Influences of incorporating detoxified Jatropha curcas kernel meal in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diet on the expression of growth hormone- and insulin-like growth factor-1-encoding genes.
abstract: Jatropha curcas is a drought-resistant shrub or small tree widespread all over the tropics and subtropics. The use of J. curcas (L) kernel meal in fish feed is limited owing to the presence of toxic and antinutritional constituents. In this study, it was detoxified using heat treatment and organic solvent extraction method. The detoxification process was carried out for 60 min to obtain the detoxified meal. Cyprinus carpio L. fingerlings (n = 180; avg. wt. 3.2 ± 0.07 g) were randomly distributed in five treatment groups with four replicates and fed isonitrogenous diets (crude protein 38%) for 8 weeks. The inclusion levels of the detoxified Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) and soybean meal (SBM) were as follows: control diet was prepared with fish meal (FM) and wheat meal, without any DJKM and SBM; diets S(50)  and J(50) : 50% of FM protein replaced by SBM and DJKM respectively; diets S(75)  and J(75) : 75% of FM protein replaced by SBM and DJKM respectively. Highest body mass gain and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene expression in brain, liver and muscle were observed for the control group, which were statistically similar to those for J(50)  group and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than for all other groups, whereas growth hormone gene expression in brain, liver and muscle exhibited opposite trend. Insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in plasma did not differ significantly among the five groups. Conclusively, growth performance was in parallel with IGF-1 gene expression and exhibited negative trend with GH gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics (480b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: W K B
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry*; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010703:Phorbol Esters; D013002:Somatomedins; D013006:Growth Hormone