title: Effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide on insulin  secretion and gene expressions of PDX-1 and  FoxO1 in RIN-m5f cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on insulin secretion and gene expressions of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1(PDX-1) and forkhead box-containing protein O-1 (FoxO1), which were important transcription factors for insulin secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin secretion level in RIN-m5f cells was detected by rat insulin ELISA detection kit. The mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 and FoxO1 in RIN-m5f cells were analyzed by real-time PCR. The protein expression of PDX-1 was measured by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin secretion levels in RIN-m5f cells treated with repaglinide (10 nmol/L) plus NMN (100 μmol/L) was significantly higher than those in the blank control, the DMSO control group, and the NMN (50 μmol/L) treated group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 in RIN-m5f cells treated with NMN (10, 50 and 100 μmol/L) for 36 h were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001, respectively). There was marked differences in the mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 among different concentrations of NMN (P<0.001), but no significant differences in the mRNA expression level of FoxO1 (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the protein expression levels of PDX-1 in RIN-m5f cells treated by NMN (50, 100, and 200 μmol/L) for 36 or 48 h compared with the control group (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NMN can stimulate insulin secretion and upregulate the mRNA expression of PDX-1 in RIN-m5f cells.
authors.affiliation: Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
authors.forename: Feifeng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xingping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Honghao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhaoqian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009537:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009537:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; C084010:pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein; C074639:Foxo1 protein, rat; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1