title: Factors that influence low back pain in people with a stoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  People with a stoma believe that there is a link between their surgery and low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore factors relating to (i) core stability in people with a stoma and LBP and (ii) biopsychosocial factors related to LBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with an ileostomy and LBP (n = 17) completed (i) a range of standardised instruments, (ii) clinical tests and (iii) an ultrasound scan of right and left transversus abdominis (TrA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings showed moderate pain and disability: RMDQ: median = 12 (IQR: 9.5-13), EQ-5D health state: mean = 6.9 (±1.75), BPI pain severity: median = 4.5 (IQR: 2.87-5.4). The TrA contraction was less on the operated than the unoperated side and this was linked to less control for BKFO to the operated side, and the presence of a parastomal hernia. Co-morbidities were associated with greater balance problems during the stork test (p < 0.05). Men had more fear avoidance (p < 0.05) on the FABQ regarding physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal function may be altered after stoma surgery leading to reduced ability to perform functional tasks and a possible increased risk of back pain. These results should be viewed with caution due to the small sample size.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK. i.wilson@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Iseult M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: Evie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCrum-Gardner
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D054047:Surgical Stomas; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014463:Ultrasonography